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they_o close_v it_o up_o with_o a_o wooden_a cover_n and_o then_o lie_v the_o earth_n upon_o it_o for_o indeed_o they_o cover_v these_o urn_n just_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o that_o the_o eastern_a people_n cover_v the_o pit_n where_o they_o store_v up_o their_o corn._n the_o earth_n be_v so_o moist_a in_o mingrelia_n in_o seedtime_n that_o for_o fear_n of_o soften_a too_o much_o the_o land_n where_o they_o sow_v their_o wheat_n and_o barley_n they_o never_o plough_v it_o at_o all_o they_o only_o cast_v their_o grain_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o be_v sufficient_a for_o it_o come_v up_o without_o any_o far_a trouble_n take_v root_n a_o foot_n deep_a in_o the_o mould_n the_o mingrelian_o moreover_o affirm_v that_o shall_v they_o plough_v their_o ground_n where_o they_o sow_v their_o barley_n and_o wheat_n it_o will_v be_v so_o soft_a that_o the_o least_o wind_n will_v lodge_v the_o stalk_n so_o that_o they_o will_v never_o be_v 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can_v discover_v the_o high_a land_n of_o trebisond_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o of_o the_o abca_n on_o the_o other_o and_o that_o very_o easy_o because_o the_o black_a sea_n beginning_n to_o wind_n towards_o the_o abca_n coast_n anarghia_n stand_v far_o out_o in_o the_o circular_a circumference_n of_o those_o coast_n answer_v to_o trebisond_n the_o black-sea_n be_v 200_o league_n in_o length_n want_v twelve_o or_o fifteen_o lie_v just_a east_n and_o west_n the_o broad_a part_n north_n and_o south_n from_o the_o bosphorus_n with_o boristhenes_n be_v three_o degree_n which_o part_n be_v the_o western_a end_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o opposite_a part_n not_o be_v above_o half_a so_o broad_a the_o water_n of_o this_o sea_n seem_v to_o i_o less_o clear_a less_o green_a and_o less_o salt_n than_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o proceed_v as_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v from_o the_o great_a river_n that_o empty_a themselves_o into_o it_o and_o for_o that_o it_o be_v shut_v up_o 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the_o rarity_n of_o the_o country_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v the_o river_n zengui_n take_v its_o source_n from_o this_o lake_n and_o cross_v one_o part_n of_o armenia_n meet_v with_o the_o river_n araxes_n near_o the_o caspian_a sea_n into_o which_o at_o length_n they_o both_o discharge_v themselves_o ecsmiazin_a common_o call_v the_o three_o church_n ecsmiazin_a common_o call_v the_o three_o church_n a_o platform_n of_o the_o church_n of_o echsmiazin_n a_o prospect_n of_o the_o church_n of_o echsmiazin_n two_o league_n from_o erivan_n stand_v that_o famous_a monastery_n of_o the_o three_o church_n the_o sanctuary_n of_o the_o armenian_a christian_n if_o i_o may_v presume_v so_o to_o call_v it_o and_o the_o place_n to_o which_o they_o pay_v their_o great_a devotion_n i_o have_v cause_v a_o draught_n to_o be_v make_v of_o it_o at_o large_a and_o have_v add_v a_o geometrical_a ground-plot_n and_o a_o small_a sketch_n of_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o principal_a church_n to_o give_v 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aboard_o to_o search_v the_o vessel_n but_o when_o a_o ship_n drop_v her_o anchor_n several_a boat_n make_v from_o the_o haven_n to_o carry_v those_o ashore_o that_o be_v desirous_a to_o go_v caffa_n be_v a_o great_a town_n build_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o little_a hill_n upon_o the_o seashore_n it_o extend_v itself_o more_o in_o length_n than_o breadth_n lie_v in_o length_n very_o direct_o from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n encompass_v with_o very_o strong_a wall_n that_o advance_v a_o little_a into_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o when_o we_o take_v a_o prospect_n of_o the_o city_n from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o deck_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v build_v like_o a_o half-moon_n the_o castle_n upon_o the_o south_n side_n stand_v upon_o a_o rise_a ground_n that_o command_v all_o the_o part_n thereabouts_o be_v very_o large_a and_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o bassa_n the_o other_o be_v not_o so_o big_a but_o well_o store_v and_o defend_v with_o great_a gun_n the_o sea_n wash_v that_o side_n which_o be_v next_o to_o it_o they_o reckon_v about_o 4000_o house_n to_o be_v in_o caffa_n of_o which_o 3200_o be_v inhabit_v by_o mahumetan_n turk_n and_o tartar_n and_o 800_o by_o christian_n greek_n and_o armenian_n though_o the_o armenian_n be_v more_o numerous_a than_o the_o greek_n the_o house_n be_v but_o small_a and_o all_o build_v of_o earth_n as_o be_v also_o their_o bazar_n or_o market-place_n their_o public_a structure_n mosque_n and_o bath_n there_o be_v not_o one_o building_n of_o stone_n in_o all_o the_o city_n except_o eight_o church_n somewhat_o go_v to_o decay_v former_o build_v by_o the_o genoeses_n this_o caffa_n be_v once_o call_v theodosia_n which_o the_o greek_n build_v in_o the_o five_o age._n afterward_o it_o fall_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o genoeses_n with_o several_a other_o seaport_n town_n in_o several_a part_n of_o that_o sea_n in_o the_o thirteen_o age_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o holy_a war_n and_o during_o the_o weak_a and_o low_a condition_n of_o the_o eastern_a emperor_n but_o mahomet_n the_o second_o win_v all_o those_o place_n from_o the_o genoeses_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o sixteen_o age_n caffa_n be_v take_v in_o the_o year_n 1574._o the_o soil_n about_o caffa_n be_v dry_a and_o sandy_a nor_o be_v the_o water_n good_a but_o the_o air_n be_v very_o pure_a and_o wholesome_a there_o be_v very_o few_o garden_n about_o it_o nor_o be_v there_o but_o little_a fruit._n however_o they_o bring_v great_a quantity_n from_o the_o neighbour_a village_n though_o it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v very_o delicious_a however_o i_o do_v not_o know_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o other_o city_n in_o the_o world_n where_o other_o provision_n be_v cheap_a and_o better_a their_o mutton_n be_v exceed_v well-tasted_n and_o not_o above_o one_o farthing_n a_o pound_n their_o other_o provision_n of_o bread_n fruit_n wild_a fowl_n and_o butter_n be_v sell_v proportionable_o at_o a_o cheap_a rate_n salt_n be_v as_o good_a as_o give_v you_o and_o in_o a_o word_n whatever_o be_v necessary_a for_o human_a sustenance_n cost_v little_a or_o nothing_o nevertheless_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n that_o fresh_a fish_n be_v a_o very_a great_a rarity_n and_o very_o small_a whatever_n that_o they_o catch_v in_o the_o part_n round_o about_o the_o harbour_n and_o that_o only_a at_o certain_a time_n as_o in_o antumn_n and_o the_o spring_n almost_o all_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n that_o live_v in_o the_o town_n wear_v little_a bonnet_n of_o cloth_n face_v with_o sheepskin_n but_o in_o regard_n that_o over_o all_o asia_n bonnet_n be_v most_o usual_o wear_v among_o the_o christian_n those_o of_o caffa_n be_v oblige_v to_o fasten_v to_o they_o a_o little_a piece_n of_o cloth_n such_o as_o the_o jew_n in_o germany_n wear_v upon_o their_o cloak_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o mahometan_n the_o road_n of_o caffa_n be_v shelter_v from_o the_o wind_n except_o it_o be_v to_o the_o north_n and_o southeast_n and_o the_o ship_n lie_v at_o anchor_n near_o the_o shoar_n in_o ten_o and_o twelve_o fathom_v water_n ouzie_a at_o the_o bottom_n and_o very_a safe_a there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a trade_n drive_v there_o more_o than_o in_o any_o other_o port_n belong_v to_o the_o black-sea_n during_o the_o forty_o day_n that_o i_o stay_v there_o i_o see_v come_v in_o and_o go_v out_o above_o four_o hundred_o sail_n of_o ship_n not_o count_v little_a vessel_n that_o keep_v close_o to_o the_o shoar_n the_o most_o usual_a and_o most_o considerable_a trade_n which_o they_o drive_v consist_v in_o salt_n fish_n and_o caviar_n which_o come_v from_o the_o lake_n maeotis_n and_o be_v thence_o transport_v into_o europe_n and_o as_o far_o as_o the_o indies_n it_o be_v incredible_a what_o a_o world_n of_o fish_n be_v catch_v in_o that_o lake_n consider_v its_o extent_n and_o the_o reason_n which_o the_o country_n people_n give_v for_o the_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o fish_n there_o breed_v and_o take_v be_v this_o for_o that_o the_o water_n of_o that_o lake_n be_v muddy_a thick_a and_o not_o very_a salt_n because_o of_o the_o tanais_n that_o empty_v itself_o into_o it_o it_o invite_v not_o only_o the_o fish_n out_o of_o tanais_n and_o the_o black-sea_n but_o also_o out_o of_o the_o hellespont_n and_o the_o archipelago_n where_o they_o breed_v and_o grow_v fat_a in_o a_o small_a time_n several_a person_n have_v assure_v i_o that_o they_o usual_o catch_v fish_n in_o that_o lake_n which_o weigh_v every_o one_o eight_o and_o nine_o hundred_o pound_n and_o of_o which_o they_o make_v between_o three_o and_o four_o hundred_o weight_n of_o caviar_n it_o be_v true_a i_o never_o see_v any_o such_o large_a fish_n alive_a at_o caffa_n however_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v it_o by_o the_o piece_n of_o fish_n which_o i_o have_v see_v and_o the_o vast_a quantity_n which_o they_o export_v into_o a_o thousand_o place_n their_o fish_n last_v from_o october_n till_o april_n and_o perhaps_o it_o be_v the_o mudd_n of_o that_o water_n of_o maeotis_n which_o make_v they_o call_v it_o a_o mersh_n for_o otherwise_o it_o will_v be_v more_o proper_o call_v a_o lake_n in_o regard_n it_o bear_v vessel_n of_o burden_n nor_o do_v the_o water_n rise_v or_o fall_v and_o beside_o that_o it_o continual_o partake_v of_o a_o great_a river_n and_o the_o sea_n next_o the_o exportation_n of_o caviar_n and_o fish_n the_o most_o considerable_a trade_n be_v drive_v in_o corn_n butter_n and_o salt_n with_o which_o this_o city_n furnish_v constantinople_n and_o several_a other_o place_n the_o caffa_n butter_n be_v the_o best_a in_o all_o turkey_n the_o venetian_n have_v several_a time_n desire_v leave_v to_o trade_n to_o this_o town_n but_o it_o will_v never_o be_v grant_v in_o the_o year_n 1672._o signior_n quirini_n be_v at_o great_a expense_n to_o obtain_v it_o and_o he_o have_v obtain_v it_o indeed_o but_o the_o customer_n of_o constantinople_n cause_v the_o licence_n to_o be_v revoke_v upon_o this_o occasion_n all_o the_o european_n have_v it_o agree_v in_o their_o capitulation_n that_o they_o shall_v pay_v no_o custom_n but_o in_o such_o place_n where_o they_o unlade_v their_o good_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o article_n the_o venetian_n will_v pay_v no_o custom_n at_o constantinople_n for_o good_n that_o come_v in_o a_o small_a vessel_n bind_v for_o caffa_n which_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o custom_n claim_v and_o signior_n quirini_n obtain_v a_o order_n from_o the_o defterdar_n to_o the_o farmer_n not_o to_o take_v any_o cognizance_n of_o what_o be_v in_o the_o say_a venetian_a vessel_n which_o defterdar_n be_v the_o high_a treasurer_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o have_v all_o the_o custom_n under_o his_o inspection_n but_o the_o customer_n see_v this_o order_n write_v to_o the_o vizier_n that_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o venetian_n into_o the_o black-sea_n will_v be_v very_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o grand_a signior_n and_o the_o port_n and_o that_o the_o particular_a 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virgin_n mary_n which_o continue_v for_o 15_o day_n they_o make_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n upon_o certain_a occasion_n but_o they_o do_v not_o believe_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n to_o be_v any_o mark_n of_o christianity_n only_o they_o make_v this_o sign_n when_o they_o drink_v wine_n and_o eat_v pork_n their_o prayer_n be_v all_o address_v to_o their_o idol_n relate_v only_o to_o temporal_a benefit_n their_o own_o prosperity_n and_o the_o ruin_n of_o their_o enemy_n they_o offer_v sacrifice_n like_o the_o jew_n and_o gentile_n the_o priest_n pray_v over_o the_o victim_n and_o then_o cut_v the_o throat_n of_o it_o and_o when_o it_o be_v boil_v they_o set_v it_o upon_o the_o table_n at_o what_o time_n all_o the_o people_n of_o the_o family_n stand_v about_o it_o with_o candle_n in_o their_o hand_n except_o the_o person_n who_o make_v the_o offer_n who_o be_v kneel_v all_o the_o while_n he_o first_o perfume_v the_o victim_n with_o incense_n which_o when_o the_o rest_n have_v likewise_o do_v they_o fall_v too_o and_o eat_v it_o altogether_o they_o also_o cut_v the_o throat_n of_o beast_n and_o bird_n over_o the_o grave_n of_o their_o relation_n and_o friend_n and_o pour_v wine_n and_o oil_n upon_o '_o they_o and_o these_o libation_n they_o observe_v every_o day_n no_o body_n drink_v till_o as_o he_o hold_v the_o cup_n in_o his_o hand_n he_o have_v first_o say_v a_o sentence_n of_o a_o prayer_n with_o his_o eye_n lift_v up_o to_o heaven_n and_o pour_v out_o at_o the_o same_o time_n upon_o the_o ground_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o the_o wine_n in_o the_o cup._n they_o never_o make_v holiday_n upon_o sunday_n or_o abstain_v from_o work_n but_o upon_o the_o festival_n of_o christmas_n and_o easter_n however_o the_o celebration_n of_o their_o great_a festival_n consist_v only_o in_o eat_v and_o drink_v to_o excess_n in_o their_o house_n their_o great_a festival_n which_o they_o observe_v be_v when_o any_o idol_n be_v to_o be_v carry_v through_o their_o country_n then_o they_o put_v on_o all_o the_o best_a clothes_n they_o have_v they_o make_v a_o great_a feast_n and_o get_v ready_a a_o present_a for_o the_o idol_n which_o be_v to_o pass_v by_o and_o this_o i_o believe_v may_v suffice_v to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o religion_n among_o the_o mingrelian_o the_o manuscript_n from_o whence_o i_o take_v these_o observation_n relate_v their_o several_a sort_n of_o divination_n practise_v among_o they_o their_o superstition_n and_o sundry_a custom_n which_o be_v a_o medley_n of_o judaisme_n and_o paganism_n all_o which_o i_o leave_v behind_o i_o not_o find_v therein_o the_o least_o grain_n of_o wit_n or_o common_a sense_n but_o quite_o the_o contrary_a nothing_o but_o extravagance_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o all_o that_o i_o observe_v in_o the_o religious_a ceremony_n and_o belief_n or_o faith_n of_o the_o mingrelian_o be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o i_o have_v true_o report_v i_o shall_v only_o speak_v a_o word_n concern_v their_o mourn_a which_o be_v the_o mourn_a of_o people_n in_o despair_n when_o a_o woman_n lose_v her_o husband_n or_o a_o near_a relation_n she_o rend_v her_o clothes_n strip_v herself_o naked_a to_o the_o waste_n tear_n her_o hair_n and_o with_o her_o nail_n claw_n off_o the_o flesh_n and_o skin_n from_o her_o body_n and_o face_n she_o beat_v her_o breast_n she_o cry_v yell_n gnash_v her_o tooth_n foam_n at_o mouth_n like_o a_o woman_n mad_a or_o possess_v and_o act_n her_o passion_n to_o that_o degree_n that_o it_o seem_v terrible_a to_o the_o sight_n the_o man_n also_o express_v their_o grief_n after_o a_o manner_n altogether_o as_o barbarous_a they_o tear_v their_o clothes_n thump_v their_o breast_n and_o shave_v their_o head_n and_o their_o beard_n this_o mourn_a continue_v 40_o day_n with_o the_o same_o fury_n as_o i_o have_v describe_v for_o the_o first_o ten_o day_n but_o afterward_o relax_v by_o degree_n during_o the_o first_o ten_o day_n the_o relation_n of_o the_o decease_a and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o woman_n come_v to_o bewail_v the_o dead_a which_o they_o do_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o people_n range_v themselves_o in_o order_n about_o the_o dead_a corpse_n and_o in_o their_o tear_a habit_n thump_v their_o breast_n with_o both_o hand_n cry_v out_o vah_o vah_o and_o so_o keep_v time_n with_o their_o thump_n and_o their_o cry_n they_o make_v a_o dismal_a noise_n which_o altogether_o yield_v a_o frightful_a spectacle_n of_o despair_n not_o to_o be_v behold_v without_o a_o kind_n of_o horror_n of_o a_o sudden_a you_o hear_v nothing_o all_o be_v quiet_a the_o mourn_a stop_n and_o all_o observe_v a_o profound_a silence_n by_o and_o by_o they_o all_o begin_v again_o with_o a_o loud_a cry_n and_o fall_v into_o their_o first_o transportment_n the_o last_o day_n which_o be_v the_o forty_o they_o bury_v the_o dead_a then_o they_o make_v a_o feast_n for_o all_o their_o relation_n all_o their_o friend_n all_o their_o neighbour_n and_o all_o those_o that_o come_v to_o bewail_v the_o party_n decease_v the_o woman_n eat_v by_o themselves_o apart_o from_o the_o men._n the_o bishop_n say_v mass_n and_o then_o seize_v as_o his_o right_n upon_o all_o that_o the_o decease_a person_n make_v use_v of_o in_o his_o life_n his_o horse_n his_o clothes_n his_o weapon_n his_o plate_n if_o he_o have_v any_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o sort_n so_o that_o these_o mourning_n ruin_v whole_a family_n in_o mingrelia_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o this_o solemn_a performance_n the_o bishop_n say_v a_o mass_n for_o the_o dead_a for_o the_o great_a profit_n he_o receive_v and_o the_o mourner_n come_v to_o wail_v the_o decease_a as_o sure_a to_o live_v forty_o day_n upon_o what_o he_o have_v leave_v behind_o when_o a_o bishop_n die_v the_o prince_n himself_o cause_v mass_n to_o be_v say_v upon_o the_o forti'th_v day_n and_o seize_v upon_o all_o his_o good_n that_o be_v movable_a this_o be_v all_o that_o i_o can_v learn_v in_o colchis_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o custom_n and_o religion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n their_o neighbour_n live_v and_o act_v after_o the_o same_o fashion_n almost_o in_o every_o respect_n only_o they_o who_o live_v near_o to_o persia_n and_o turkey_n be_v more_o civil_a in_o their_o manner_n and_o more_o honest_a and_o just_a in_o their_o inclination_n whereas_o they_o who_o lie_v near_a the_o tartar_n and_o scythian_n be_v more_o barbarous_a in_o their_o custom_n live_v without_o any_o idea_n or_o outward_a form_n of_o religion_n or_o observance_n of_o any_o law_n i_o have_v speak_v also_o of_o the_o abca_n and_o other_o people_n that_o live_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o mount_n caucasus_n concern_v who_o i_o have_v relate_v as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v learn_v but_o now_o i_o shall_v give_v a_o account_n of_o what_o i_o have_v see_v and_o hear_v most_o remarkable_a concern_v those_o other_o country_n that_o border_n upon_o mingrelia_n which_o be_v the_o principality_n of_o guriel_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o imiretta_n the_o country_n of_o guriel_n be_v very_o small_a it_o border_n to_o the_o north_n upon_o imiretta_n eastward_o upon_o a_o part_n of_o mount_n caucasus_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o turk_n to_o the_o west_n upon_o mingrelia_n and_o to_o the_o south_n upon_o the_o black-sea_n it_o lie_v all_o along_o upon_o that_o sea_n in_o length_n from_o the_o river_n phasis_n that_o run_v a_o mile_n from_o the_o castle_n of_o gonie_n hold_v by_o the_o turk_n distant_a only_o forty_o mile_n from_o phasis_n the_o country_n of_o guriel_n resemble_v mingrelia_n in_o every_o thing_n as_o to_o its_o nature_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o they_o have_v the_o same_o religion_n the_o same_o custom_n and_o the_o same_o inclination_n to_o lewdness_n robbery_n and_o murder_n the_o kingdom_n of_o imiretta_n be_v somewhat_o big_a than_o the_o country_n of_o guriel_n and_o be_v the_o hiberia_fw-la of_o the_o ancient_n it_o be_v enclose_v and_o surround_v by_o mount_n caucasus_n colchis_n the_o black-sea_n the_o principality_n of_o guriel_n and_o georgia_n be_v about_o six_o and_o twenty_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o sixty_o mile_n broad_a the_o people_n of_o mount_n caucasus_n that_o lie_n next_o to_o it_o be_v the_o georgian_n and_o turk_n and_o to_o the_o north_n the_o ossi_fw-la and_o caracioles_n or_o caracherk_n or_o black-circassians_n so_o call_v by_o the_o turk_n for_o the_o reason_n already_o mention_v these_o be_v those_o caracioles_n or_o black-circassians_n which_o the_o european_n call_v huns_n who_o ransack_v italy_n and_o gaul_n and_o who_o devastation_n in_o those_o country_n be_v so_o frequent_o mention_v by_o the_o ancient_a historian_n and_o particular_o by_o cedrenus_n the_o language_n which_o they_o speak_v be_v almost_o half_a turkish_a
mingrelia_n when_o i_o first_o resolve_v to_o make_v choice_n of_o that_o way_n i_o be_v assure_v they_o have_v a_o house_n where_o i_o may_v be_v secure_a and_o that_o they_o can_v much_o facilitate_v my_o passage_n into_o persia_n but_o their_o house_n be_v forty_o mile_n from_o isagour_n by_o land_n and_o fifty_o five_o by_o sea_n however_o i_o send_v a_o express_a to_o the_o superior_a of_o the_o missionary_n with_o a_o letter_n wherein_o i_o give_v he_o a_o account_n that_o i_o be_v come_v into_o mingrelia_n and_o that_o i_o be_v go_v into_o persia_n about_o business_n of_o great_a importance_n that_o i_o have_v letter_n of_o recommendation_n to_o he_o from_o the_o ambassador_n of_o france_n the_o resident_n of_o genoa_n the_o warden_n of_o the_o capuchin_n of_o greece_n and_o the_o solicitor_n for_o the_o theatin_n at_o constantinople_n and_o therefore_o i_o earnest_o desire_v he_o to_o send_v i_o some_o person_n that_o may_v give_v i_o necessary_a information_n how_o to_o 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