di_fw-it bracciano_fw-it that_o now_o with_o the_o duchess_n his_o wife_n sister_n to_o the_o cardinal_n mont_fw-mi '_o alto_n be_v in_o court_n be_v son_n of_o another_o of_o his_o sister_n the_o duke_n of_o montona_n marry_v madama_n leonora_n of_o this_o house_n he_o have_v also_o near_o alliance_n with_o the_o family_n zforza_n and_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o court_n at_o my_o come_n from_o livorno_n that_o rannuio_n farnese_n duke_n of_o parma_n shall_v marry_v maria_n sister_n to_o leonora_n both_o daughter_n to_o francisco_n his_o brother_n howbeit_o it_o be_v afterward_o report_v that_o he_o shall_v marry_v the_o sister_n of_o cardinal_n mont_fw-mi '_o alto_n niece_n to_o sixtus_n quintus_n who_o sinde_v he_o have_v marry_v and_o maria_n be_v wife_n to_o henry_n the_o 4._o king_n of_o france_n his_o arm_n be_v six_o apple_n or_o ball_n of_o gold_n in_o a_o field_n azure_a arm_n unto_o which_o some_o say_v be_v add_v since_o his_o obtain_v the_o sceptre_n the_o arm_n of_o florence_n the_o flower_n de_fw-fr lise_n but_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o one_o so_o approve_v as_o be_v guicciardine_n to_o the_o contrary_a i_o rather_o say_v with_o he_o that_o this_o addition_n be_v give_v of_o special_a favour_n to_o the_o family_n medici_n by_o the_o house_n of_o france_n by_o who_o in_o his_o first_o book_n page_n 16._o it_o be_v plain_a that_o when_o charles_n the_o eight_o intend_v his_o voyage_n for_o naples_n he_o seek_v as_o a_o league_n much_o import_v that_o action_n the_o friendship_n of_o the_o florentine_a state_n and_o that_o as_o he_o there_o say_v if_o they_o will_v not_o join_v with_o he_o in_o the_o service_n yet_o at_o least_o they_o will_v grant_v he_o passage_n for_o his_o army_n and_o victual_n for_o his_o money_n whereto_o he_o labour_v by_o letter_n both_o the_o state_n in_o general_a and_o piero_n medici_n in_o particular_a in_o which_o his_o letter_n to_o medici_n he_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o maâ—ie_a favour_n and_o honour_n do_v by_o lewes_n the_o eleven_o to_o lorenzo_n his_o father_n and_o to_o his_o ancestor_n that_o they_o have_v give_v molte_fw-it dimostrazioni_fw-it per_fw-la conservation_n della_fw-it grandezza_fw-it d'essi_fw-it many_o proof_n of_o willingness_n to_o preserve_v the_o medicies_n greatness_n and_o that_o they_o have_v honour_v in_o testimonio_fw-la de_fw-it benevolenza_fw-it l'insegneâ—ora_fw-it con_fw-mi l'insegne_n proprie_fw-la della_fw-it casa_fw-la di_fw-it francia_n in_o show_n of_o their_o love_n their_o arm_n with_o they_o of_o france_n stile_n concern_v his_o style_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o since_o the_o government_n come_v to_o the_o hand_n of_o this_o family_n it_o have_v alter_v four_o time_n for_o first_o when_o by_o clement_n the_o 7._o his_o mean_n who_o be_v a_o medici_n alexandro_n have_v obtain_v the_o signory_n of_o florence_n he_o be_v entitle_v prior_n perpetual_a after_o that_o match_v in_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n he_o be_v create_v duke_n of_o florence_n the_o title_n yet_o change_v twice_o more_o in_o the_o person_n of_o cosmo_n father_n to_o this_o great_a duke_n now_o live_v for_o have_v unite_v the_o state_n of_o florence_n and_o sienna_n he_o be_v entitle_v dux_n florentiae_fw-la et_fw-la senarum_fw-la and_o after_o by_o pius_fw-la quintus_fw-la he_o be_v create_v magnus_n dux_n hetruriae_fw-la for_o some_o special_a service_n do_v to_o the_o church_n this_o title_n of_o duke_n be_v not_o of_o any_o great_a antiquity_n in_o italy_n for_o although_o titus_n livius_n speak_v of_o deuce_n yet_o he_o mean_v captain_n of_o soldier_n or_o rather_o such_o as_o have_v the_o lead_n of_o a_o army_n by_o the_o senate_n appointment_n and_o not_o such_o as_o have_v absolute_a authority_n over_o city_n and_o country_n the_o first_o bringer_n in_o of_o this_o name_n into_o italy_n be_v longinus_n king_n of_o the_o lombarde_n one_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o year_n after_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n by_o he_o at_o the_o first_o be_v create_v four_o which_o bear_v their_o title_n of_o these_o place_n beneventum_n turine_n fruy_o and_o spoleto_n at_o which_o time_n also_o be_v institute_v the_o two_o marquesart_n of_o ancona_n and_o treviso_n which_o still_o live_v in_o the_o name_n though_o dead_a in_o the_o person_n that_o shall_v have_v they_o and_o it_o shall_v seem_v in_o some_o sort_n this_o title_n of_o marquesse_n be_v better_a than_o that_o of_o duke_n for_o in_o their_o language_n say_v biondo_n it_o signify_v perpetuum_fw-la magistratum_fw-la because_o they_o may_v leave_v their_o title_n and_o signory_n to_o their_o heir_n which_o the_o duke_n can_v not_o do_v but_o by_o the_o leaf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o lombardie_n some_o say_v this_o word_n of_o marquis_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o french_a marque_n which_o signify_v a_o province_n as_o that_o a_o marquis_n shall_v signify_v the_o precedent_n of_o a_o province_n other_o think_v it_o be_v derive_v of_o the_o dutch_a word_n marchk_n among_o who_o this_o title_n be_v in_o great_a honour_n &_o signify_v a_o signior_n over_o a_o country_n to_o some_o limit_n or_o mark_n for_o so_o altimeri_fw-la in_o his_o scholia_fw-la upon_o cornelius_n tacitus_n interprete_v as_o for_o this_o title_n of_o great_a duke_n there_o never_o be_v any_o before_o in_o italy_n nor_o i_o think_v in_o europe_n but_o he_o of_o musconia_n of_o duke_n there_o be_v diverse_a in_o this_o country_n of_o italy_n as_o the_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n muntova_n parma_n vrbino_n beside_o four_o and_o twenty_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n concern_v his_o claim_n and_o right_a to_o the_o crown_n title_n it_o be_v beyond_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o bare_a relation_n as_o this_o be_v to_o dispute_v how_o good_a it_o be_v but_o rather_o to_o discourse_v what_o it_o be_v neither_o to_o determine_v how_o just_o his_o predecessor_n get_v it_o but_o how_o lineal_o it_o be_v devolue_v from_o they_o to_o he_o the_o mean_n how_o this_o house_n rise_v to_o such_o superiority_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n where_o be_v always_o maintain_v such_o equallitie_n be_v by_o the_o florence_n history_n easy_o discern_v to_o be_v their_o popularity_n &_o insinuative_n steal_v into_o the_o people_n good_a opinion_n over_o who_o they_o oftentimes_o in_o case_n of_o insolency_n &_o oppression_n by_o the_o noble_a sort_n undertake_v the_o patronage_n &_o become_v as_o it_o be_v the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n in_o rome_n or_o the_o auogadori_fw-es del_fw-it commune_fw-la in_o venice_n who_o as_o i_o take_v it_o be_v advocate_n &_o intercessor_n for_o the_o citizens_n prefer_v their_o suit_n to_o the_o court_n howbeit_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n for_o this_o be_v a_o office_n institute_v that_o be_v a_o favour_n enchroch_v upon_o this_o be_v by_o law_n limit_v that_o be_v by_o man_n nature_n so_o infinite_a as_o it_o stay_v not_o run_v on_o this_o plausible_a race_n till_o the_o wish_a goal_n be_v get_v venice_n have_v be_v wise_a in_o this_o case_n where_o it_o have_v be_v danger_n for_o a_o great_a man_n to_o deserve_v too_o well_o and_o be_v love_v too_o much_o for_o which_o cause_n only_o as_o in_o their_o annal_n appear_v some_o of_o they_o have_v lose_v their_o life_n fear_v what_o this_o popularity_n of_o they_o may_v effect_v if_o it_o be_v put_v to_o the_o trial_n &_o hold_v belike_o that_o principle_n good_a in_o a_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v a_o ground_n in_o matter_n of_o the_o church_n which_o say_v melius_fw-la est_fw-la pevire_n unum_fw-la quam_fw-la unionem_fw-la it_o be_v better_a one_o perish_v then_o unity_n faction_n be_v as_o dangerous_a in_o the_o one_o as_o schism_n in_o the_o other_o to_o which_o purpose_n athens_n and_o rome_n can_v afford_v many_o fit_a example_n &_o indeed_o so_o many_o as_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o recount_v either_o that_o of_o scylla_n and_o marius_n caesar_n and_o pompeius_n octavius_n and_o antonius_n or_o any_o other_o particular_n either_o of_o the_o one_o state_n or_o the_o other_o and_o but_o that_o the_o colour_n noble_a and_o popular_a be_v in_o seventie_o six_o in_o good_a time_n unite_v in_o the_o city_n of_o genoa_n there_o have_v not_o want_v at_o this_o day_n a_o example_n in_o that_o city_n also_o either_o of_o the_o family_n doria_n spinoli_fw-la grimaldi_n or_o fieschi_n as_o by_o oberto_n foglietta_n a_o very_a judicial_a writer_n of_o these_o time_n be_v prove_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o history_n of_o the_o family_n medici_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o lorenzo_n grandchild_n to_o the_o first_o cosmo_n who_o for_o his_o well_o deserve_v of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v surnamed_n pater_fw-la patriae_fw-la &_o uncle_n to_o clement_n the_o 7._o who_o for_o desert_n clean_o contrary_a merit_v the_o title_n of_o ruina_fw-la reipub_fw-la he_o i_o say_v after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n guigliano_fw-it who_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o family_n
and_o king_n of_o arragon_n to_o enter_v into_o a_o confederation_n with_o the_o florentine_n and_o to_o re-inu_a they_o of_o pisa_n infer_v that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o french_a force_n may_v be_v divert_v which_o otherwise_o with_o the_o help_n of_o this_o state_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o italy_n might_n effect_n matter_n of_o prejudicial_a consequent_a to_o all_o three_o so_o fit_o stand_v it_o either_o to_o dispeople_v the_o enemy_n force_n or_o to_o reinforce_v their_o own_o and_o therefore_o guiccardine_n very_o judicial_o determine_v that_o it_o be_v a_o powerful_a estate_n rather_o per_fw-la l'opportunità _fw-la del_fw-it cito_fw-la che_fw-it per_fw-la la_fw-it grandezza_fw-it del_fw-it dominio_fw-la by_o the_o fitness_n of_o the_o situation_n then_o by_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o dominion_n but_o if_o we_o define_v the_o midst_n of_o italy_n in_o a_o arithmetical_a proportion_n that_o be_v the_o centre_n equal_o distant_a from_o both_o extreme_n it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v true_a which_o pliny_n and_o varro_n report_n confirm_v also_o by_o leander_n albertâ—_n concern_v lago_n di_fw-fr pâ—e_fw-fr del_fw-it luco_fw-la which_o taciâ—us_o in_o his_o first_o book_n call_v lacus_n velnius_fw-la in_o sabina_n which_o they_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o midst_n of_o italy_n concern_v the_o river_n of_o worth_n there_o be_v few_o river_n of_o name_n many_o for_o the_o italian_a have_v a_o name_n for_o every_o ditch_n whereof_o if_o we_o allow_v they_o not_o tiber_n arno_n be_v their_o chief_n this_o river_n be_v so_o name_v by_o hercule_n lybicus_n who_o surname_n be_v libarno_n that_o be_v the_o lion_n of_o lybia_n and_o musarno_n that_o be_v the_o learned_a and_o valiant_a for_o be_v in_o the_o arabian_a tongue_n signify_v a_o lyon_n he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o osiris_n and_o isis_n call_v jupiter_n and_o juno_n by_o the_o greek_n and_o grandchild_n of_o janus_n call_v by_o the_o greek_n ogyger_n and_o by_o the_o chaldean_n and_o hebrew_n noah_n whereupon_o stand_v the_o city_n of_o florence_n and_o pisa_n serchio_n which_o run_v by_o lucca_n ombrone_n by_o pistoia_n bisentio_fw-la by_o prato_n chiana_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o vale_n of_o arezzo_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o arno_n mognâ—ne_n which_o run_v near_o civita_fw-la vecchia_fw-mi into_o the_o sea_n fiero_n which_o devide_v the_o great_a duke_n state_n and_o the_o pope_n towards_o the_o tuscan_a sea_n &_o paglia_n which_o divide_v those_o two_o state_n towards_o the_o apennine_n over_o which_o we_o pass_v by_o a_o bridge_n build_v by_o gregory_n the_o 13._o in_o our_o journey_n from_o florence_n to_o rome_n between_o rodicofany_n and_o aquapendente_fw-la that_o belong_v to_o the_o great_a duke_n this_o to_o the_o pope_n true_a it_o be_v that_o guicciardini_n in_o the_o 4._o book_n of_o his_o history_n and_o namely_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o book_n which_o by_o order_n of_o th'inquisition_n be_v leave_v out_o of_o all_o allow_v copy_n because_o in_o this_o place_n though_o himself_o be_v the_o pope_n creature_n and_o have_v great_a charge_n under_o he_o yet_o he_o full_o learned_o and_o true_o show_v how_o by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o by_o bad_a mean_n the_o church_n grow_v to_o her_o greatness_n how_o she_o come_v not_o only_o to_o quit_v her_o obedience_n to_o the_o empire_n but_o to_o have_v also_o a_o power_n and_o stroke_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o emperor_n himself_o not_o only_o to_o make_v the_o pope_n governor_n of_o rome_n but_o to_o encroach_v also_o upon_o the_o territory_n and_o city_n of_o romagna_n the_o marquisate_n of_o ancina_fw-la the_o duchy_n of_o spoletum_n and_o beneventum_n the_o superiority_n over_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o the_o possession_n of_o that_o part_n of_o tuscany_n now_o call_v the_o patrimony_n of_o s._n peter_n he_o i_o say_v divide_v the_o pope_n state_n in_o this_o country_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o tuscany_n thus_o eterminata_n dal_a torrente_n di_fw-mi pescia_n &_o dal_n castello_n di_fw-it san_n luirico_fw-la nel_fw-it conâ—ado_fw-it di_fw-it sienna_n da_fw-mi una_fw-la banda_fw-la &_o dall_n altra_fw-la dal_n mare_fw-la di_fw-it sotto_fw-it &_o dal_a fuime_n di_fw-mi tevere_a that_o be_v it_o be_v limit_v on_o the_o one_o side_n with_o the_o river_n pescia_n and_o the_o castle_n saint_n luirick_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o sienna_n and_o on_o the_o other_o with_o the_o river_n tiber_n and_o the_o tyrrhene_a sea_n but_o i_o rather_o tie_v myself_o to_o the_o former_a limit_n for_o that_o the_o paglia_n be_v far_o beyond_o saint_n luirick_n whether_o the_o great_a duke_n state_n now_o reach_v there_o be_v also_o câ—cina_n which_o rise_v a_o little_a above_o the_o city_n of_o massa_n and_o so_o pass_v along_o the_o country_n of_o volterra_n full_v into_o the_o sea_n with_o many_o such_o other_o which_o in_o england_n we_o rather_o call_v brook_n or_o riveret_n for_o of_o all_o these_o there_o be_v few_o sit_v either_o for_o burden_n or_o boat_n in_o summer_n except_o the_o arno_n yet_o here_o often_o time_n scarce_o water_n for_o a_o mill_n as_o by_o their_o device_n at_o florence_n to_o pen_n it_o up_o appear_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n of_o this_o state_n be_v so_o small_a be_v two_o the_o former_a be_v the_o violence_n of_o their_o downfall_n from_o the_o hill_n the_o better_a be_v because_o their_o head_n be_v so_o near_o to_o the_o sea_n as_o they_o can_v have_v space_n to_o be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o receipt_n of_o other_o lesser_a brook_n by_o which_o mean_v only_o all_o river_n grow_v great_a as_o namely_o the_o rhine_n and_o danowe_v whereof_o this_o last_o have_v from_o his_o head_n which_o be_v in_o the_o forest_n nera_fw-mi to_o the_o mare_n maggiore_n where_o he_o pay_v his_o tribute_n above_o two_o thousand_o mile_n and_o receive_v into_o his_o bed_n by_o the_o way_n three_o score_n navigable_a river_n the_o lake_n in_o this_o state_n be_v neither_o many_o nor_o great_a nothing_o so_o fair_a or_o fruitful_a as_o those_o of_o lombardy_n namely_o lago_n di_fw-fr garda_n lake_n lago_n d_o iseâ—_n lago_n d_o como_n and_o lago_n maggiore_n the_o chief_a in_o tuscany_n be_v these_o lago_n di_fw-fr trasimenâ—_n under_o the_o pope_n who_o let_v it_o out_o to_o diverse_a farmer_n for_o ten_o thousand_o ducat_n the_o year_n which_o have_v the_o fish_n whereof_o it_o be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o yield_v they_o also_o no_o little_a gain_n the_o profit_n which_o the_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n raise_v by_o the_o lake_n of_o comacchiâ—_n who_o they_o say_v in_o venice_n make_v thereof_o yearly_a fourscore_o thousand_o ducat_n make_v this_o more_o probable_a but_o this_o lake_n of_o trasimene_n now_o call_v lago_n di_fw-it perugia_n be_v much_o more_o renown_a for_o the_o notable_a overthrow_n give_v there_o by_o hannibal_n to_o the_o roman_n near_o whereunto_o be_v that_o fair_a plain_a call_v ossaia_n of_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o dead_a there_o slay_v by_o the_o rashness_n of_o c._n flaminius_n the_o consul_n as_o polybius_n in_o his_o three_o book_n liny_n in_o his_o two_o and_o twenty_o and_o plutarcke_o in_o the_o life_n of_o hannibal_n avow_v the_o other_o memorable_a blow_n give_v they_o if_o it_o be_v not_o here_o impertinent_a to_o remember_v be_v that_o at_o can_n in_o puglia_n call_v by_o liuâ—e_fw-fr in_o his_o twenty_o and_o one_o book_n caâ—nusium_n where_o be_v slay_v p._n emilius_n the_o consul_n l_o acilius_n and_o l_o furuis_fw-la bibaâ—ulus_n the_o quaestor_n one_o and_o twenty_o tribune_n of_o soldier_n fourscore_o senator_n forty_o thousand_o foot_n two_o thousand_o and_o seven_o hundred_o horse_n all_o roman_n and_o as_o many_o anuiliaries_n as_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o hannibal_n and_o scipio_n and_o solinus_n italicus_n in_o his_o nine_o book_n confess_v there_o be_v diverse_a lake_n between_o pisa_n and_o livorne_n but_o small_a and_o of_o no_o name_n there_o be_v more_o not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n colle_n laego_fw-it di_fw-it bolsena_n call_v by_o ancient_a writer_n lacus_n vulsiniensium_fw-la lâ—go_fw-la di_fw-it bassanello_n ancient_o call_v lacus_n vadeâ—onius_n where_o the_o roman_n utter_o subdue_v the_o tuscan_n lago_n di_fw-fr bracciane_n call_v former_o lacus_n sabbatinus_fw-la lago_n di_fw-it vicco_fw-it call_v by_o virgil_n in_o his_o seven_o aenead_n and_o siluius_n italicus_n in_o his_o eight_o book_n lâ—cus_n cimini_n of_o the_o mountain_n so_o call_v stand_v between_o this_o lake_n and_o the_o city_n of_o viterbo_n lago_n di_fw-fr montâ—_n rosa_n not_o large_a but_o deep_a near_o rome_n with_o few_o other_o the_o plain_n be_v also_o few_o for_o they_o before_o be_v allow_v but_o one_o four_o part_n the_o chief_a be_v these_o plain_n that_o of_o florence_n wherein_o live_v above_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o person_n that_o near_o arezzo_n call_v vald_z '_o arno_n because_o the_o river_n pass_v by_o it_o the_o most_o fruitful_a that_o of_o pisa_n the_o most_o low_a and_o
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bird_n artificial_o sing_v organ_n musical_o play_v shower_n of_o rain_n plentiful_o down_o pour_v and_o infinite_a sort_n of_o such_o devise_n more_o delightsome_a to_o be_v see_v then_o pleasant_a to_o be_v discourse_v of_o to_o conclude_v the_o devise_n so_o good_a the_o workmanship_n so_o rare_a and_o the_o charge_n so_o great_a as_o it_o be_v say_v constant_o that_o it_o cost_v duke_n francisco_n three_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v another_o palace_n two_o mile_n from_o florence_n call_v castello_n only_o for_o pleasure_n but_o not_o so_o beautify_v nor_o full_a of_o water-work_n as_o this_o of_o pratolino_n a_o other_o distant_a 10._o mile_n off_o called_z il_fw-fr poggio_n imperiale_n more_o profitable_a than_o they_o both_o in_o form_n quadrangular_a fifty_o six_o pace_n square_a where_o beside_o the_o pleasure_n it_o yield_v of_o hunt_v it_o yield_v also_o summer_v and_o hay_n for_o his_o horse_n and_o keep_v the_o great_a duchess_n a_o dairy_n of_o three_o hundred_o cow_n a_o commodity_n worth_a the_o remember_n in_o this_o state_n where_o in_o threescore_o mile_n be_v not_o see_v threescore_o head_n of_o cattle_n nor_o so_o much_o good_a pasture_n ground_n that_o i_o see_v in_o the_o whole_a country_n i_o be_o now_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o other_o chief_a city_n to_o remember_v in_o a_o word_n how_o and_o when_o the_o florentine_n come_v impatronize_v of_o diverse_a other_o state_n of_o tuscany_n and_o what_o form_n of_o government_n they_o have_v in_o former_a time_n until_o leo_n and_o clement_n for_o i_o must_v there_o needs_o begin_v when_o i_o shall_v come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o great_a duke_n title_n this_o city_n of_o florence_n after_o many_o conflict_n with_o the_o old_a city_n of_o fesulae_n whereof_o now_o almost_o remain_v no_o memory_n but_o the_o hill_n whereon_o it_o stand_v get_v the_o upper_a hand_n and_o many_o of_o that_o old_a town_n follow_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o winner_n come_v hither_o to_o dwell_v it_o grow_v to_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o a_o great_a and_o rich_a city_n which_o till_o then_o ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o sylla_n by_o who_o they_o say_v it_o be_v first_o found_v and_o make_v a_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n bear_v rather_o the_o name_n of_o a_o bourough_n then_o otherwise_o and_o after_o a_o combination_n of_o these_o two_o city_n into_o one_o commonalty_n they_o quarter_v the_o arm_n of_o fesulae_n which_o be_v a_o moon_n azure_a in_o a_o field_n argent_fw-fr with_o those_o of_o florence_n be_v a_o flower_n de_fw-fr lise_n argent_fw-fr in_fw-la a_o field_n gules_a it_o be_v afterward_o subject_a to_o diverse_a sacking_n and_o subversion_n by_o the_o goth_n gaul_n and_o lomgobards_n partake_v with_o other_o city_n of_o italy_n in_o those_o misery_n which_o these_o nation_n inflict_v insomuch_o as_o there_o be_v nothing_o remain_v of_o their_o ancient_a glory_n but_o ruin_n and_o desolation_n &_o what_o the_o barbarous_a cruelty_n of_o such_o a_o enemy_n can_v not_o tyranise_v upon_o in_o these_o term_n charles_n the_o great_a find_v it_o who_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v re-edify_v appoint_v for_o the_o government_n thereof_o two_o consul_n and_o a_o senate_n of_o a_o hundred_o after_o this_o they_o alter_v the_o government_n confer_v it_o upon_o ten_o call_v antiani_n alderman_n as_o i_o take_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1254._o short_o after_o in_o the_o year_n 1287._o they_o win_v the_o city_n of_o pistoia_n 〈◊〉_d and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n they_o purchase_v their_o liberty_n of_o the_o emperor_n rodolphe_n for_o threescore_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o again_o change_v their_o form_n of_o government_n to_o eight_o priori_fw-la and_o a_o gonfalonier_n of_o justice_n who_o be_v to_o hold_v his_o place_n for_o 2._o month_n only_o present_o after_o they_o buy_v arezzo_n of_o
or_o footman_n be_v allow_v six_o piastras_fw-la the_o month_n they_o be_v about_o thirty_o his_o guard_n of_o swiss_n have_v four_o piastras_fw-la the_o month_n both_o these_o and_o they_o feed_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n or_o sojourn_v at_o some_o place_n for_o they_o have_v no_o allowance_n out_o of_o the_o duke_n kitchen_n not_o so_o much_o but_o the_o cook_n as_o i_o have_v hear_v have_v do_v their_o office_n go_v to_o their_o own_o house_n to_o meat_n a_o builder_n this_o duke_n be_v not_o at_o livorno_n where_o indeed_o be_v very_o great_a cost_n bestow_v &_o very_o many_o daily_a work_n howbeit_o consider_v the_o labour_n of_o his_o galley-slave_n which_o all_o the_o winter_n be_v there_o employ_v and_o of_o many_o poor_a man_n in_o the_o country_n which_o upon_o light_a fault_n be_v thither_o confine_v who_o labour_n he_o have_v pay_v nothing_o it_o may_v appear_v the_o charge_n be_v not_o half_a so_o much_o as_o it_o will_v cost_v another_o there_o be_v also_o to_o be_v consider_v these_o expense_n which_o they_o call_v spese_n segrete_a secret_a charge_n &_o no_o doubt_n be_v very_o great_a for_o that_o this_o prince_n make_v his_o way_n to_o many_o effect_n of_o much_o importance_n by_o money_n as_o nam_o in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n where_o although_o the_o pope_n that_o now_o be_v be_v choose_v without_o the_o good_a will_n or_o rather_o quite_o against_o the_o desire_n of_o this_o prince_n &_o although_o the_o family_n aldobrandini_n be_v always_o a_o empeacher_n of_o the_o medicies_n greatness_n and_o though_o likewise_o the_o father_n of_o this_o prince_n execute_v the_o father_n of_o this_o pope_n and_o albeit_o last_o this_o pope_n desire_v nothing_o more_o then_o that_o by_o his_o mean_n his_o native_a country_n may_v recover_v her_o former_a liberty_n yet_o notwithstanding_o so_o strong_a be_v this_o prince_n faction_n in_o that_o college_n and_o so_o many_o his_o friend_n by_o mean_n of_o his_o money_n as_o he_o rest_v secure_v from_o any_o such_o danger_n the_o like_a intelligence_n it_o be_v say_v he_o have_v in_o the_o spanish_a court_n by_o present_n and_o pension_n to_o the_o infanta_n &_o other_o of_o the_o counsel_n so_o as_o by_o his_o money_n he_o be_v able_a to_o divert_v what_o purpose_n soever_o he_o have_v also_o at_o his_o maintenance_n secret_a espial_n in_o florence_n for_o his_o better_a security_n as_o not_o yet_o forget_v the_o treason_n of_o pucci_n in_o his_o brother_n day_n concern_v his_o coin_n there_o be_v the_o gold_n crown_n of_o eight_o liver_n coin_n the_o ducat_n of_o silver_n seven_o liver_n which_o be_v there_o call_v a_o piastra_n and_o so_o much_o must_v you_o value_v the_o ducat_n in_o all_o this_o discourse_n the_o half_a ducat_n the_o testone_n two_o liver_n the_o liver_n one_o giuglio_n &_o a_o half_a the_o giuglio_n which_o be_v sixpence_n sterling_a the_o half_a giuglio_n all_o these_o be_v of_o silver_n the_o crazia_n of_o brass_n with_o a_o surface_n of_o silver_n the_o value_n three-farthing_n sterling_a and_o lasty_a the_o quattrino_n which_o be_v the_o five_o part_n of_o a_o crazia_n there_o be_v also_o in_o time_n past_o the_o denaro_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o quattrino_fw-it whereof_o one_o hundred_o &_o threescore_o be_v sixpence_n sterling_a but_o now_o there_o be_v few_o of_o they_o to_o be_v see_v none_o to_o be_v pay_v they_o of_o the_o country_n will_v complain_v that_o now_o they_o have_v none_o but_o moneta_n grossa_fw-mi great_z money_n it_o be_v a_o good_a world_n say_v they_o when_o we_o may_v have_v change_v a_o quattrino_n into_o 4._o denari_fw-la &_o with_o these_o have_v buy_v herb_n vinegar_n oil_n &_o salt_n the_o 4._o substantial_a part_n of_o a_o salad_n &_o this_o the_o better_a part_n of_o a_o italian_a dinner_n whereas_o now_o it_o will_v cost_v they_o so_o many_o quattrini_fw-la a_o great_a alteration_n a_o gross_a sum_n as_o touch_v the_o manage_n of_o matter_n of_o state_n rule_n the_o administration_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o dispose_n of_o office_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o great_a duke_n though_o all_o matter_n do_v absolute_o and_o plenary_o depend_v upon_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n yet_o notwithstanding_o he_o will_v for_o the_o most_o part_n have_v the_o judgement_n and_o counsel_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o pisa_n a_o man_n who_o for_o his_o dexterity_n of_o wit_n and_o experience_n in_o matter_n of_o state_n have_v purchase_v himself_o great_a credit_n and_o reputation_n with_o his_o prince_n next_o unto_o he_o he_o have_v other_o his_o courtier_n to_o who_o sometime_o he_o will_v communicate_v some_o cause_n but_o neither_o all_o nor_o always_o which_o cause_v the_o prince_n to_o be_v more_o absolute_a procure_v his_o counsel_n a_o more_o secret_a proceed_n give_v his_o action_n a_o more_o speedy_a dispatch_n and_o peradventure_o also_o a_o more_o happy_a issue_n so_o that_o it_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v of_o this_o court_n that_o there_o be_v a_o counsel_n of_o state_n but_o that_o every_o thing_n immediate_o have_v his_o motive_n process_n and_o end_v of_o the_o prince_n will_v and_o pleasure_n concern_v the_o administration_n of_o justice_n and_o election_n of_o officer_n justice._n it_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o that_o city_n when_o it_o be_v free_a the_o diverse_a magistrate_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o new_a choose_v they_o be_v this_o there_o be_v in_o the_o city_n of_o florence_n the_o gran_fw-mi consiglio_n magistrate_n the_o seminary_n as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o which_o all_o other_o magistrate_n be_v choose_v of_o these_o some_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o great_a duke_n himself_o as_o the_o quaranâ—t_n '_o otto_n of_o the_o chief_a citizen_n and_o such_o in_o who_o his_o highness_n most_o affi_v of_o which_o number_n there_o must_v always_o be_v one_o at_o the_o least_o in_o any_o other_o of_o importance_n but_o the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o sei_fw-it consiglieri_fw-la must_v be_v all_o out_o of_o these_o forty_o eight_o and_o these_o also_o choose_v by_o the_o duke_n as_o likewise_o the_o dodeci_fw-la di_fw-it collegio_fw-la other_o officer_n be_v choose_v by_o ballot_n as_o the_o commissari_fw-la the_o proveditori_n the_o capitani_n vicari_n podestâ_fw-la and_o diverse_a other_o for_o all_o they_o that_o have_v office_n &_o place_n of_o command_n throughout_o this_o state_n of_o florence_n be_v gentleman_n of_o that_o city_n as_o they_o of_o the_o other_o be_v all_o gentleman_n of_o sienna_n there_o be_v also_o in_o florence_n the_o gl'otto_n di_fw-mi guardia_fw-la e_fw-la balia_fw-la guardia_n a_o office_n of_o great_a authority_n for_o these_o only_o give_v sentence_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o judge_v in_o criminal_a cause_n these_o have_v their_o place_n only_o four_o month_n in_o this_o office_n the_o prince_n have_v always_o a_o secretary_n a_o beneplacito_fw-la his_o name_n now_o in_o place_n be_v buoninsegni_n secretary_n who_o ever_o go_v to_o his_o hâ—ghnesse_n to_o inform_v he_o of_o the_o matter_n in_o the_o court_n before_o they_o be_v by_o the_o otto_n determine_v and_o this_o office_n have_v intelligence_n of_o all_o matter_n in_o all_o criminal_a court_n in_o the_o state_n by_o who_o the_o court_n have_v direction_n from_o the_o prince_n before_o they_o proceed_v to_o the_o judgement_n or_o execution_n of_o the_o malefactor_n a_o instance_n of_o this_o we_o have_v this_o january_n last_o pass_v english_a which_o i_o the_o rather_o remember_v to_o make_v know_v what_o care_v his_o highness_n have_v to_o give_v our_o country_n good_a satisfaction_n of_o who_o all_o english_a gentleman_n receive_v very_o gracious_a favour_n as_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o presence_n at_o any_o veglia_n revel_n or_o other_o time_n of_o extraordinary_a sight_n also_o to_o have_v the_o privilege_n to_o wear_v arm_n and_o other_o such_o like_a a_o english_a gent'eman_n be_v by_o a_o base_a groom_n of_o the_o house_n where_o he_o lodge_v throw_v into_o the_o arno_n for_o the_o money_n he_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v in_o his_o lodging_n the_o offender_n upon_o suspicion_n be_v apprehend_v and_o receive_v the_o strappado_n diverse_a time_n and_o in_o the_o high_a degree_n notwithstanding_o persist_v obstinate_o in_o the_o denial_n the_o law_n be_v there_o that_o except_o he_o confess_v the_o fact_n he_o can_v be_v execute_v how_o pregnant_a so_o ever_o the_o presumption_n be_v against_o he_o insomuch_o it_o be_v think_v he_o shall_v have_v be_v discharge_v whereupon_o the_o court_n send_v to_o his_o highness_n for_o direction_n he_o return_v they_o order_n to_o use_v all_o manner_n of_o torment_n which_o possible_a or_o in_o any_o case_n that_o court_n can_v inflict_v and_o if_o yet_o he_o will_v not_o confess_v to_o torture_v he_o till_o he_o die_v according_a to_o this_o commission_n they_o give_v he_o the_o sueglia_n a_o kind_n of_o torture_n where_o have_v