chad_n stand_v he_o be_v a_o great_a friend_n and_o a_o favourer_n to_o the_o monk_n of_o bangor_n who_o part_n he_o take_v against_o the_o saxon_n that_o be_v set_v on_o by_o augustine_n the_o monk_n to_o prosecute_v they_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n because_o they_o will_v not_o forsake_v the_o custom_n of_o their_o own_o church_n and_o conform_v to_o those_o of_o rome_n merfyn_n frych_n and_o esylht_n conan_n be_v dead_a merfyn_n frych_n and_o his_o wife_n esylht_n who_o be_v sole_a heir_n to_o conan_n take_v upon_o they_o the_o government_n or_o principality_n of_o wales_n this_o merfyn_n be_v king_n of_o man_n and_o son_n to_o gwyriat_n and_o nest_n the_o daughter_n of_o cadelh_n ap_fw-mi brochwel_fw-mi ap_fw-mi elis_n king_n of_o powy_n howel_n be_v forcible_o eject_v out_o of_o anglesey_n by_o his_o brother_n conan_n tindaethwy_n and_o escape_v to_o the_o island_n of_o man_n be_v honourable_o and_o kind_o receive_v by_o merfyn_n in_o return_n of_o who_o civility_n howel_n use_v such_o mean_n afterward_o that_o merfyn_n marry_v esylht_v the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o his_o brother_n conan_n though_o other_o say_v that_o he_o die_v present_o after_o his_o escape_n to_o merfyn_n howel_n after_o that_o he_o have_v for_o about_o five_o year_n enjoy_v the_o isle_n of_o man_n and_o other_o land_n in_o the_o north_n give_v he_o by_o merfyn_n to_o hold_v under_o he_o dye_v about_o the_o year_n 825_o after_o who_o death_n they_o again_o return_v to_o merfyn_n who_o ancestor_n have_v always_o hold_v the_o same_o under_o the_o king_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o so_o upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o esylht_n the_o isle_n of_o man_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o their_o reign_n egbert_n the_o powerful_a king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n enter_v with_o a_o mighty_a army_n into_o wales_n destroy_v and_o waste_v the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o snowden_n hill_n and_o seize_v upon_o the_o lordship_n of_o rhyvoniec_n in_o denbighland_n about_o the_o same_o time_n a_o very_a sore_a battle_n be_v fight_v in_o anglesey_n between_o the_o saxon_n and_o the_o welsh_a call_v from_o the_o place_n where_o this_o fight_n happen_v the_o battle_n of_o lhanvaes_n a.d._n 819_o fortune_n seem_v all_o this_o while_n to_o frown_v upon_o the_o welsh_a and_o their_o affair_n succeed_v very_o ill_a for_o short_o after_o that_o egbert_n have_v advance_v his_o colour_n as_o far_o as_o snowden_n kenulph_n king_n of_o mercia_n waste_v the_o country_n of_o west_n wales_n overran_a and_o destroy_a â—owis-land_n and_o great_o disturb_v and_o incommoded_a â—he_n welch_n nation_n soon_o after_o this_o kenulph_n die_v â—nd_n be_v succeed_v by_o kenelm_n and_o he_o in_o a_o short_a â—â—me_n by_o ceolwulph_n who_o after_o two_o year_n reign_n leave_v â—he_v kingdom_n of_o mercia_n to_o bernulph_n egbert_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n be_v grow_v very_o strong_a and_o powerful_a able_a to_o reduce_v all_o the_o petty_a kingdom_n in_o britain_n under_o one_o single_a monarchy_n upon_o â—he_n thought_n of_o which_o he_o set_v upon_o bernulph_n king_n of_o mercia_n and_o vanquish_v he_o at_o elledowne_n and_o afterward_o bring_v under_o subjection_n the_o country_n of_o kent_n and_o of_o the_o west_n angle_n but_o the_o britain_n can_v â—ot_n be_v so_o easy_o subdue_v for_o after_o a_o long_a and_o a_o cruel_a â—ight_n at_o gavelford_n between_o they_o and_o the_o west_n saxon_n of_o devonshire_n in_o which_o several_a thousand_o be_v â—â—ain_o on_o both_o side_n the_o victory_n remain_v uncertain_a he_o have_v better_a success_n against_o wyhtlafe_a king_n of_o mercia_n a.d._n 829_o who_o dominion_n he_o easy_o add_v to_o his_o now_o increase_a monarchy_n and_o pass_v humber_n he_o quick_o â—educed_v that_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n be_v now_o become_v one_o kingdom_n and_o egâ—ert_v sole_a monarch_n of_o all_o the_o country_n that_o the_o saxonsâ—ossessed_v â—ossessed_z in_o britain_n which_o name_n he_o order_v shall_v â—e_v change_v to_o england_n his_o people_n to_o be_v call_v enâ—lishmen_n and_o the_o language_n english_a they_o who_o come_v over_o out_o of_o germany_n into_o this_o â—sland_n to_o aid_v the_o britain_n against_o their_o enemy_n the_o pict_n and_o scot_n be_v partly_o saxon_n angles_n and_o outhe_n from_o the_o first_o of_o which_o come_v the_o people_n of_o essex_n suffex_n middlesex_n and_o the_o westsaxons_a from_o â—he_n angle_n the_o east_n angle_n the_o mercian_n and_o they_o â—hat_n inhabit_v the_o north_n side_n of_o humber_n from_o the_o juthe_n the_o kentishman_n and_o they_o that_o settle_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n these_o german_n after_o that_o they_o have_v drive_v â—he_n britain_n beyond_o severn_n and_o dee_n erect_v seven_o kingdom_n call_v the_o heptarchy_n in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o â—he_n island_n whereof_o 1._o kent_n 2._o of_o the_o south-saxons_a contain_v sussex_n and_o surrey_n 3._o the_o east-angle_n in_o norfolk_n suffolk_n and_o cambridgshire_n 4._o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a comprehend_v berkshire_n devonshire_n somersetshire_n and_o cornwall_n 5._o mercia_n contain_v gloucester_n hereford_n worcester_z shropshire_n stafford_n cheshire_n warwick_n leicester_n derby_n nottingham_n lincoln_n northampton_n oxford_n buckingham_z bedford_z and_o half_a hartfordshire_n 6_o the_o east-saxons_a contain_v essex_n middlesex_n and_o the_o other_o part_n of_o hartford_n 7._o of_o the_o northumbrian_n take_v in_o all_o the_o country_n beyond_o hamber_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n deyra_n and_o bernicia_n the_o first_o from_o humber_n to_o tyne_n the_o other_o from_o tyne_n to_o the_o scottish_a sea_n egbert_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a have_v several_o conquer_v these_o kingdom_n annex_v they_o together_o and_o comprehend_v they_o under_o one_o monarchy_n which_o be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n 96â—_n year_n after_o the_o come_n of_o brute_n to_o this_o island_n 383_o year_n after_o the_o land_n of_o hengist_n and_o 149_o after_o the_o departure_n of_o cadwallader_n to_o rome_n egbert_n have_v thus_o unite_v under_o one_o government_n these_o several_a kingdom_n which_o use_v continual_o molest_v and_o to_o encroach_v upon_o each_o other_o territory_n may_v reasonable_o have_v expect_v to_o enjoy_v his_o neâ—â—_n a.d._n 883_o kingdom_n quiet_o and_o not_o fear_v any_o disturbance_n oâ—_n trouble_v in_o his_o dominion_n but_o no_o soon_o be_v hâ—_n establish_v king_n of_o england_n but_o the_o dane_n begin_v 〈◊〉_d threaten_v new_a commotion_n and_o land_v in_o great_a number_n and_o in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n egberâ—_n fight_v several_a battle_n with_o they_o and_o with_o varioâ—â—_n success_n at_o length_n the_o dane_n land_v in_o west-wales_n march_v forward_o for_o england_n be_v join_v by_o a_o greaâ—_n number_n of_o welch_n and_o meet_v egbert_n upon_o hengist_n doâ—â—_n where_o a_o severe_a battle_n be_v fight_v and_o the_o dane_n pâ—â—_n to_o a_o total_a rout_n the_o welsh_a suffer_v severe_o fâ—â—_n this_o egbert_n be_v high_o incense_v that_o the_o danâ—â—_n be_v support_v by_o they_o lay_v siege_n to_o caer_n lheon_n 〈◊〉_d dhyfrdwy_n or_o chester_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o venedotiâ—â—_n which_o hitherto_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o welsh_a take_v the_o town_n and_z among_o other_o tokeâ—_n of_o his_o indignation_n he_o cause_v the_o brazen_a effigy_n oâ—_n cadwalhon_n king_n of_o britain_n to_o be_v pull_v down_o and_o deface_v and_o upon_o pain_n of_o death_n forbid_v the_o erect_v 〈◊〉_d such_o again_o he_o issue_v out_o also_o a_o proclamation_n by_o thâ—_n instigation_n of_o his_o wife_n redburga_n who_o always_o bear_v a_o inveterate_a malice_n to_o the_o welsh_a command_v all_o that_o â—ere_z any_o way_n extract_v from_o british_a blood_n to_o deâ—art_v with_o all_o their_o effect_n out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n within_o â—â—x_n month_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n these_o be_v very_o â—â—vere_a and_o insupportable_a term_n but_o he_o do_v not_o live_v â—ong_a to_o see_v they_o put_v in_o execution_n for_o die_v short_o â—fter_o the_o battle_n of_o hengestdown_n he_o be_v succeed_v by_o â—on_n ethelwulph_n this_o king_n ethelwulph_n marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o berthr_v who_o be_v his_o tributary_n king_n of_o mercia_n by_o who_o help_n he_o successful_o oppose_v the_o â—ruel_a incursion_n of_o the_o dane_n who_o miserable_o destroy_v the_o seacoast_n of_o england_n with_o fire_n and_o 〈◊〉_d these_o danish_a commotion_n be_v indifferent_o well_o appease_v berthred_a king_n of_o mercia_n set_v â—pon_o the_o welsh_a between_o who_o a_o remarkable_a battle_n â—as_v seek_v at_o a_o place_n call_v kettell_n where_o merfyn_n â—rych_a king_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v kill_v leave_v to_o â—â—cceed_v he_o in_o the_o government_n of_o wales_n his_o son_n roâ—eric_a mawr_z or_o the_o great_a roderic_n the_o great_a merfyn_n frych_n have_v lose_v his_o life_n and_o with_o it_o his_o a.d._n 843_o kingdom_n in_o
how_o sweet_a the_o spoil_n of_o a_o country_n much_o more_o fertile_a than_o their_o own_o be_v â—hey_n can_v not_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o what_o they_o have_v already_o obtain_v but_o must_v needs_o make_v a_o far_a progress_n into_o the_o country_n and_o fall_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n â—f_n the_o east-angle_n edmund_n king_n of_o that_o country_n â—eing_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v their_o insolence_n endeavour_v to_o oppose_v they_o but_o in_o the_o undertake_n be_v â—nfortunately_o slay_v and_o now_o after_o the_o same_o manâ—er_a that_o the_o saxon_n have_v former_o attain_v to_o the_o conquest_n of_o britain_n the_o dane_n proceed_v to_o the_o conquest_n of_o england_n for_o the_o saxon_n have_v find_v out_o â—he_v sweetness_n of_o this_o island_n and_o withal_o discover_v â—he_v weakness_n and_o inability_n of_o the_o britain_n to_o oppose_v â—hem_fw-mi bring_v over_o their_o number_n by_o degree_n and_o â—n_o several_a company_n by_o which_o they_o weary_v and_o â—ired_v out_o the_o british_a army_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o â—othing_n can_v conduce_v more_o to_o the_o conquest_n of_o a_o â—sland_n than_o the_o land_n a_o army_n at_o several_a place_n â—nd_v at_o several_a time_n which_o distract_v the_o counsel_n â—nd_v proceed_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o which_o at_o â—his_n time_n for_o want_n of_o sufficient_a power_n at_o sea_n can_v â—ot_n be_v prevent_v and_o so_o the_o dane_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o good_a success_n of_o hungare_n and_o hubba_n in_o england_n send_v over_o another_o army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o basreck_n and_o ald_a who_o land_v in_o west-sax_n and_o â—ought_v five_o battle_n with_o king_n ethelred_n and_o his_o brother_n alfred_n namely_o at_o henglefield_n estondown_n redding_n basin_n and_o mereton_n in_o which_o two_o first_o the_o english_a overcome_v and_o the_o three_o last_v the_o dane_n get_v the_o victory_n soon_o after_o this_o ethelred_n die_v leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o brother_n alfred_n who_o no_o soon_o have_v take_v the_o government_n upon_o he_o but_o consider_v with_o himself_o what_o a_o heavy_a burden_n he_o be_v to_o sustain_v and_o therefore_o he_o begin_v to_o inquire_v after_o the_o wise_a and_o learned_a est_fw-fr man_n that_o he_o can_v hear_v of_o to_o be_v direct_v by_o they_o who_o he_o worthy_o entertain_v make_v use_n of_o their_o advice_n as_o well_o in_o the_o public_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o in_o his_o private_a study_n and_o conference_n of_o learning_n he_o send_v for_o two_o man_n famous_o learned_a out_o of_o wales_n the_o one_o call_v john_n de_fw-fr erigena_n surname_v scotus_n the_o other_o asserius_fw-la surname_v menevensis_n dâ—_n erigena_n be_v bear_v at_o menevia_n or_o st._n david_n and_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o that_o college_n who_o for_o the_o sake_n oâ—_n learning_n have_v travel_v to_o athens_n and_o bestow_v there_o many_o year_n in_o the_o study_n of_o the_o greek_a hebreâ—_n and_o chaldaic_a tongue_n and_o the_o secret_a mystery_n oâ—_n philosophy_n come_v to_o france_n where_o he_o be_v well_o accept_v of_o by_o carolus_n calvus_n or_o charles_n the_o bald_a anâ—_n ludovicus_n balbus_n or_o lewis_n the_o stammerer_n and_o therâ—_n translate_v the_o work_n of_o dionysius_n areopagita_n dâ—_n coelesti_fw-la hierarchia_fw-la out_o of_o the_o greek_a into_o the_o laâ—â—_n tongue_n be_v return_v home_o to_o wales_n he_o wâ—â—_n send_v for_o by_o this_o king_n alfred_n who_o be_v then_o found_v and_o erect_v the_o university_n of_o oxford_n of_o whicâ—_n erigena_n become_v the_o first_o professor_n and_o public_a reader_n but_o king_n alfred_n bear_v so_o great_a a_o respect_n tâ—_n learning_n that_o he_o will_v suffer_v none_o to_o bear_v any_o considerable_a office_n in_o his_o court_n but_o such_o as_o be_v learned_a and_o withal_o exhort_v all_o person_n to_o embrace_v learning_n and_o to_o honour_n learned_a men._n but_o though_o 〈◊〉_d love_n to_o learning_n be_v seldom_o reconcilable_a with_o a_o warlike_a and_o a_o military_a life_n king_n alfred_n be_v also_o forceâ—_n to_o regard_v the_o discipline_n of_o war_n to_o defend_v his_o kingdom_n against_o the_o increase_a power_n of_o the_o dane_n foâ—_n he_o be_v scarce_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n but_o this_o restless_a and_o ever_o troublesome_a people_n begin_v to_o molest_v and_o destroy_v his_o country_n insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v of_o necessity_n force_v to_o oppose_v they_o which_o he_o do_v twice_o upon_o thâ—_n southside_n of_o the_o river_n thames_n in_o which_o engagement_n he_o slay_v of_o the_o dane_n one_o king_n nine_o earl_n together_o with_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o inferior_a soldier_n about_o the_o same_o time_n gwgan_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n 〈◊〉_d dunwal_n ap_fw-mi arthen_n ab_fw-la sitsylht_n prince_n of_o cardigan_n die_v be_v as_o some_o say_v unfortunate_o drown_v but_o the_o â—ate_z victory_n which_o alfred_n have_v obtain_v over_o the_o dane_n do_v not_o so_o much_o weaken_v and_o dishearten_v they_o â—ut_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o recover_v their_o spirit_n â—nd_v begin_v again_o to_o look_v terrible_a and_o threaten_a for_o 〈◊〉_d soon_o as_o they_o can_v reunite_v their_o scatter_a force_n â—hey_v set_v upon_o and_o destroy_v the_o town_n of_o alclyde_n wan_a â—he_n city_n of_o london_n and_o redding_n overran_a all_o the_o inâ—â—nd_a country_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o mercia_n â—nother_n army_n of_o dane_n at_o the_o same_o time_n prove_v â—ery_o successful_a in_o the_o north_n and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o â—he_n country_n of_o northumberland_n which_o action_n do_v â—ot_n so_o much_o grieve_v the_o english_a as_o trouble_v and_o vex_v â—he_n pict_n and_o scot_n who_o be_v incessant_o gaul_v and_o frequent_o beat_v off_o by_o these_o danish_a troop_n the_o â—ext_a year_n three_o of_o the_o danish_a captain_n march_v â—â—om_n cambridge_n towards_o warham_n in_o dorsetshire_n of_o â—hich_v expedition_n king_n alfred_n be_v inform_v present_o detach_v his_o force_n to_o oppose_v they_o and_o to_o â—ffer_v they_o battle_n the_o dane_n be_v so_o startle_v at_o â—â—is_n that_o they_o immediate_o desire_v peace_n and_o willing_o consent_v forthwith_o to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o county_n and_o to_o forswear_v the_o sight_n of_o english_a ground_n accord_v to_o which_o capitulation_n the_o horse_n that_o â—â—ght_n march_v for_o exeter_n and_o the_o foot_n be_v ship_v â—ff_n be_v all_o of_o they_o drown_v at_o sandwich_n the_o dane_n have_v thus_o abjure_v england_n be_v not_o willing_a â—o_o return_v home_o empty_a but_o think_v it_o prudent_a to_o â—end_n their_o course_n against_o wales_n they_o fancy_v that_o â—â—ey_n be_v like_a to_o meet_v with_o no_o great_a opposition_n from_o â—â—e_v welch_n and_o therefore_o can_v carve_v for_o themselves_o accord_v as_o their_o fancy_n direct_v they_o but_o have_v end_v their_o army_n in_o anglesey_n they_o quick_o experience_v the_o contrary_a prince_n roderic_n oppose_v they_o â—ave_n they_o two_o battle_n one_o at_o a_o place_n call_v bengole_n a.d._n 873_o â—nd_n the_o other_o at_o menegid_a in_o anglesey_n at_o the_o same_o time_n â—nother_n army_n of_o dane_n under_o the_o command_n of_o â—alden_a and_o hungare_n land_v in_o south-wales_n overran_a â—â—e_v whole_a country_n destroy_v all_o before_o they_o neiâ—â—er_o spare_v church_n nor_o religious_a house_n but_o â—â—ey_v receive_v their_o due_a reward_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a who_o meet_v with_o they_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o devonshire_n slay_v both_o halden_n and_o hungare_n with_o 1200_o of_o their_o men._n the_o same_o year_n einion_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n die_v and_o be_v the_o follow_a year_n succeed_v by_o hubert_n who_o be_v install_v in_o his_o place_n a.d._n 876_o the_o english_a be_v rid_v of_o their_o powerful_a and_o ever_o restless_a enemy_n the_o dane_n begin_v now_o to_o quarrel_n with_o the_o welsh_a enter_v into_o anglesey_n with_o a_o numerous_a 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cardigan_n powis_n by_o nest_n the_o sister_n and_o heir_n oâ—_n congen_fw-mi ap_fw
intricate_a that_o the_o justice_n of_o it_o can_v not_o appear_v and_o then_o the_o two_o champion_n put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o controversy_n by_o combat_n whilst_o howel_n dha_n be_v thus_o regulate_v the_o custom_n and_o meliorate_n the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o wales_n aulafe_n and_o regnald_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n forcible_o enter_v the_o country_n of_o king_n edmund_n who_o be_v vex_v with_o their_o incessant_a hostility_n gather_v his_o force_n together_o and_o as_o some_o say_v by_o the_o help_n of_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n who_o be_v afterward_o prince_n of_o wales_n followed_z they_o to_z northumberland_z and_o have_v overcome_v they_o in_o a_o pitch_a battle_n utter_o chase_v they_o out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o remain_v a_o whole_a year_n in_o those_o part_n to_o regulate_v and_o bring_v that_o country_n to_o some_o quiet_a order_n but_o find_v it_o impracticable_a to_o reduce_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o cumberland_n to_o any_o peaceable_a constitution_n 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till_o his_o return_n from_o rome_n at_o which_o time_n edwal_n foel_n be_v come_v of_o age_n he_o resign_v to_o he_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gwynedh_n or_o north-wales_n together_o with_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o all_o wales_n before_o which_o time_n howel_n be_v style_v brenhin_n cymry_n oll_n that_o be_v king_n of_o all_o wales_n as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o preface_n to_o that_o body_n of_o law_n compile_v by_o he_o jevaf_a and_o jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n after_o the_o death_n of_o howel_n dha_n his_o son_n divide_v betwixt_o they_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n and_o powis_n lay_v no_o claim_n to_o north-wales_n though_o their_o father_n have_v be_v a_o general_a prince_n of_o all_o wales_n but_o jevaf_n and_o jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n have_v put_v by_o their_o elder_a brother_n meyric_n as_o a_o person_n uncapable_a of_o government_n and_o be_v dissatisfy_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o north_n wales_n only_o imagine_v that_o the_o principality_n of_o 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but_o just_a his_o son_n shall_v enjoy_v what_o be_v legal_o descend_v to_o they_o by_o their_o father_n but_o ambition_n seldom_o give_v place_n to_o equity_n and_o therefore_o right_a or_o wrong_n jevaf_a and_o jago_n must_v have_v a_o touch_n for_o south-wales_n which_o they_o enter_v with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o be_v oppose_v they_o obtain_v a_o very_a opportune_a victory_n over_o owen_n and_o his_o brethren_n the_o son_n of_o howel_n at_o the_o hill_n of_o carno_n the_o next_o year_n the_o a.d._n 950_o two_o brother_n enter_v twice_o into_o south-wales_n destroy_v and_o waste_v dyfet_n and_o slay_v dwnwalhon_n lord_n of_o the_o country_n short_o after_o which_o roderic_n the_o three_o a.d._n 951_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n die_v but_o his_o brethren_n perceive_v the_o folly_n of_o stand_v only_o upon_o the_o defensive_a muster_v a.d._n 952_o all_o their_o force_n together_o and_o enter_v north-wales_n march_v as_o far_o as_o lhanrwst_n upon_o the_o river_n conwy_n where_o 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interdict_v and_o forbid_v to_o enter_v any_o man_n house_n or_o to_o compose_v any_o song_n of_o any_o one_o without_o the_o special_a leave_n and_o warrant_v of_o the_o party_n concern_v with_o many_o other_o ordinance_n relate_v to_o the_o like_a purpose_n owen_n gwynedh_n after_o the_o death_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n his_o elder_a son_n owen_n surname_v gwynedh_n succeed_v in_o the_o principality_n of_o north_n wales_n who_o no_o soon_o have_v enter_v upon_o the_o government_n but_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n he_o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o south-wales_n and_o have_v demolish_v and_o overthrow_v the_o castle_n of_o stradmeyric_n stephan_n and_o humffreys_n and_o lay_v in_o ash_n the_o town_n of_o caermardhyn_n he_o return_v home_o with_o no_o less_o honour_n than_o booty_n and_o plunder_n about_o the_o same_o time_n john_n archdeacon_n of_o lhanbaran_n depart_v this_o life_n a_o man_n of_o singular_a piety_n and_o strictness_n of_o life_n 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army_n they_o set_v upon_o the_o scot_n at_o almerton_n with_o such_o unanimous_a courage_n that_o after_o a_o very_a great_a slaughter_n of_o his_o man_n king_n david_n be_v glad_a to_o escape_v with_o his_o life_n by_o flight_n after_o this_o king_n stephen_n seize_v to_o his_o own_o use_n the_o castle_n of_o ludlow_n and_o leeds_n and_o press_v the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n and_o lincoln_n so_o hard_o that_o to_o prevent_v their_o perish_v by_o famine_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o surrender_v the_o former_a the_o castle_n of_o vise_n and_o shirburn_n the_o latter_a those_o of_o newark_n upon_o trent_n and_o sleeford_n this_o do_v not_o a_o little_a augment_v the_o king_n strength_n against_o the_o ensue_a storm_n for_o in_o the_o summer_n this_o year_n maud_n the_o empress_n daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o king_n henry_n to_o who_o king_n stephen_n with_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n have_v swear_v allegiance_n land_v at_o arundel_n with_o her_o brother_n robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o be_v there_o honourable_o receive_v by_o william_n de_fw-fr albineto_n who_o be_v late_o marry_v to_o queen_n adeliz_n king_n henry_n widow_n with_o who_o he_o receive_v the_o earldom_n of_o arundel_n in_o dowry_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o king_n stephen_n hear_v of_o her_o land_n he_o march_v with_o all_o possible_a speed_n to_o arundel_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n but_o find_v it_o upon_o trial_n impregnable_a he_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v suffer_v the_o empress_n and_o her_o brother_n to_o escape_v to_o bristol_n a.d._n 1138_o the_o next_o year_n a_o unlucky_a accident_n fall_v out_o in_o wales_n cynric_n one_o of_o prince_n owen_n son_n have_v by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o disgu_v madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n a_o person_n of_o considerable_a esteem_n and_o estate_n in_o the_o country_n be_v with_o his_o connivance_n set_v upon_o and_o slay_v by_o his_o men._n but_o the_o affair_n of_o england_n this_o year_n afford_v great_a rarity_n of_o action_n king_n stephen_n with_o a_o formidable_a army_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o which_o ranulph_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n march_v with_o their_o force_n but_o before_o they_o can_v arrive_v the_o town_n be_v take_v whereupon_o they_o draw_v up_o their_o force_n in_o order_n to_o give_v the_o king_n battle_n who_o on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v as_o ready_a to_o receive_v they_o king_n stephen_n draw_v up_o his_o force_n in_o three_o battle_n the_o first_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o britain_n mellent_a norfolk_n hampton_n and_o warren_n the_o second_o by_o the_o earl_n of_o albemarle_n and_o william_n of_o ypres_n and_o the_o three_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o assist_v by_o baldwyn_n fitz-gilbert_n with_o several_a other_o of_o his_o nobility_n of_o the_o enemy_n side_n the_o disinherited_a baron_n have_v the_o first_o place_n the_o earl_n of_o chester_n with_o a_o considerable_a party_n of_o welshman_n far_o better_o courage_v than_o arm_v lead_v the_o second_o and_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n the_o three_o battle_n after_o a_o hot_a and_o bloody_a dispute_n of_o both_o side_n the_o victory_n at_o length_n favour_v the_o baron_n king_n stephen_n be_v first_o take_v prisoner_n and_o a_o little_a after_o the_o queen_n together_o with_o william_n of_o ypres_n and_o bryan_n fitz-count_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o william_n martell_n and_o geffrey_n de_fw-fr mandeville_n gather_v together_o some_o fresh_a force_n and_o fight_v the_o empress_n and_o her_o brother_n at_o winchester_n and_o have_v put_v the_o empress_n to_o flight_n take_v earl_n robert_n prisoner_n for_o exchange_v of_o who_o the_o king_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n the_o next_o year_n king_n stephen_n will_v a.d._n 1139_o try_v the_o other_o adventure_n and_o receive_v a_o second_o overthrow_n at_o wilton_n which_o however_o do_v not_o so_o much_o discourage_v he_o but_o that_o he_o lay_v so_o close_a a_o siege_n to_o the_o empress_n at_o oxford_n that_o she_o be_v glad_a to_o make_v she_o escape_v to_o wallingford_n the_o same_o year_n die_v madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n a_o person_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o note_n in_o wales_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi howel_n a_o man_n of_o no_o mean_a esteem_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o son_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi gwyn_n for_o the_o two_o succeed_a year_n nothing_o remarkable_a a.d._n 1140_o pass_v in_o wales_n except_v that_o this_o year_n howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhytherch_n of_o cantref_n rychan_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi howel_n be_v cowardly_o slay_v by_o the_o treachery_n and_o perfidious_a practice_n of_o the_o fleming_n and_o the_o next_o a.d._n 1141_o year_n howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n be_v base_o murder_v by_o his_o own_o man_n at_o which_o time_n howel_n and_o cadwgan_n the_o son_n of_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n upon_o some_o unhappy_a quarrel_n do_v kill_v
he_o be_v â—â—le_a to_o draw_v together_o not_o doubt_v the_o conquest_n of_o â—â—me_n part_n of_o britain_n in_o case_n the_o whole_a shall_v prove_v recoverable_a he_o be_v the_o more_o encourage_v to_o this_o expedition_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o advantage_n be_v like_a to_o 〈◊〉_d his_o own_o and_o no_o one_o can_v challenge_v the_o government_n of_o britain_n in_o case_n fortune_n shall_v deliver_v it_o to_o â—â—s_o hand_n cadwallader_n be_v go_v to_o rome_n and_o in_o all_o probability_n never_o to_o return_v his_o son_n edwal_n ywrch_n or_o â—â—e_v roe_n be_v young_a and_o under_o the_o tuition_n of_o alan_n 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o event_n of_o this_o expedition_n must_v of_o necessity_n â—ll_o to_o himself_o or_o by_o his_o concession_n to_o his_o son_n ivor_n â—ho_fw-mi be_v to_o be_v chief_a in_o the_o undertake_n have_v rise_v a_o considerable_a army_n consist_v chief_o of_o his_o â—wn_a subject_n with_o what_o remain_v of_o the_o britainsâ—â—at_n â—â—at_z come_v over_o with_o king_n cadwaladar_n he_o dispatch_v 〈◊〉_d for_o britain_n under_o the_o command_n of_o his_o son_n ivor_n use_v his_o nephew_n ynyr_n they_o safe_o land_v in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o britain_n which_o put_v the_o saxon_n inâ—â—_n so_o great_a a_o fright_a that_o immediate_o they_o draw_v up_o â—â—l_v their_o power_n to_o oppose_v they_o and_o to_o hinder_v their_o progress_n into_o the_o country_n the_o britain_n though_o somewhat_o fatigue_v with_o their_o voyage_n however_o give_v â—hem_fw-mi battle_n and_o after_o a_o very_a great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o â—axons_n possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o country_n of_o cornwall_n devon_n and_o somersetshires_n this_o prove_v a_o fortunate_a beginning_n for_o the_o britain_n and_o give_v they_o â—reat_a hope_n of_o far_a success_n in_o the_o recovery_n of_o their_o country_n but_o that_o can_v not_o be_v expect_v without_o great_a opposition_n and_o several_a hot_a engagement_n wâ—â—â—_n the_o saxon_n this_o they_o be_v immediate_o make_v seâ—sible_a of_o for_o they_o have_v scarce_o time_n to_o breath_n and_o to_o â—â—cover_v their_o spirit_n after_o the_o last_o battle_n but_o kentwiâ—â—_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a march_v against_o they_o wiâ—â—_n a_o powerful_a army_n consist_v of_o saxon_n and_o anglâ—â—_n the_o britain_n resolve_v to_o fight_v they_o but_o whilst_o boâ—â—_n army_n be_v in_o view_n of_o each_o other_o they_o think_v more_o adviseable_a to_o cease_v from_o any_o hostility_n and_o 〈◊〉_d enter_v into_o article_n of_o composition_n ivor_n seem_v already_o satisfy_v with_o his_o conquest_n and_o willinâ—â—â—_n agree_v to_o marry_v ethelberga_n kentwyn_n cousin_n aâ—â—_n peaceable_o to_o enjoy_v for_o his_o life_n so_o much_o as_o he_o be_v already_o in_o possession_n of_o this_o he_o faithful_o observe_v â—â—ring_v the_o reign_n of_o kentwyn_n and_o his_o nephew_n cadâ—â—_n who_o after_o two_o year_n resign_v the_o kingdom_n of_o 〈◊〉_d westsaxons_a to_o his_o cousin_n ivor_n and_o now_o ivor_n wâ—â—â—_n become_v unexpected_o powerful_a be_v king_n as_o wâ—â—â—_n of_o the_o saxon_n as_o britain_n that_n inhabit_v the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o island_n he_o be_v now_o able_a to_o â—â—dertake_v somewhat_o considerable_a and_o therefore_o begâ—â—_n to_o fall_v foul_a upon_o his_o neighbour_n the_o king_n of_o kâ—â—â—_n the_o westsaxons_a and_o mercia_n who_o he_o vanquishâ—â—_n in_o several_a battle_n but_o be_v at_o length_n tire_v with_o tâ—â—_n weight_n of_o government_n he_o go_v to_o rome_n after_o tâ—â—_n example_n of_o cadwallader_n and_o resign_v the_o rule_n of_o 〈◊〉_d saxon_n to_o his_o cousin_n adelred_n leave_v the_o britain_n 〈◊〉_d the_o care_n of_o roderick_n molwynoc_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n ywâ—â—_n this_o ivor_n found_v the_o abbey_n of_o glastenbury_n callâ—â—_n in_o the_o british_a tongue_n ynys_n avalon_n where_o there_o 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o christian_a church_n for_o several_a year_n before_o aâ—â—_n the_o first_o that_o be_v ever_o erect_v in_o britain_n for_o josâ—â—â—_n of_o arimathea_n be_v send_v by_o philip_n the_o apostle_n in_o tâ—â—_n day_n of_o arviragus_n an._n chr._n 53._o to_o preach_v the_o gosâ—â—â—_n in_o britain_n seat_v himself_o here_o and_o build_v a_o chuâ—â—â—_n for_o the_o british_a christian_n this_o church_n afterwards_o ivor_n convert_v into_o a_o abbey_n which_o he_o endowâ—â—_n with_o very_o large_a possession_n be_v famous_a for_o tâ—â—_n burying-place_n of_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n and_o kiâ—â—_n arthur_n he_o bestow_v also_o some_o land_n upon_o tâ—â—_n church_n of_o winchester_n but_o there_o happen_v several_a casualty_n in_o his_o time_n brythâ—_n a_o subject_a to_o egfride_n king_n of_o northumberland_n â—assed_v over_o to_o ireland_n and_o waste_v and_o destroy_v a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o â—is_n reign_v their_o happen_v a_o remarkable_a earthquake_n â—n_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n which_o much_o disturb_a and_o annoy_v the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v it_o rain_v blood_n both_o in_o britain_n and_o in_o ireland_n this_o occasion_v the_o butter_n and_o milk_n to_o resemble_v the_o colour_n of_o blood_n â—nd_v two_o year_n after_o the_o moon_n also_o appear_v all_o bloody_a these_o accident_n of_o nature_n may_v probable_o presage_v â—ome_o tumult_n and_o disturbance_n in_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v very_o great_a in_o his_o time_n for_o he_o be_v almost_o in_o perpetual_a hostility_n with_o the_o king_n of_o kent_n west-sex_n and_o mercia_n which_o occasion_v great_a bloodshed_n and_o slaughter_n in_o britain_n his_o journey_n to_o romeâ—ut_v â—ut_z a_o end_n to_o all_o these_o commotion_n from_o whence_o he_o â—ever_o do_v return_v but_o end_v his_o day_n there_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o piety_n and_o religion_n roderick_n molwynoc_n the_o government_n of_o the_o britain_n ivor_n resign_v a.d._n 720_o to_o roderick_n molwinoc_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n ywrch_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n an._n 720._o but_o adelred_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a be_v displease_v that_o ivor_n have_v not_o bestow_v upon_o he_o his_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n he_o be_v resolve_v to_o trouble_v and_o plague_n roderick_n and_o his_o britain_n he_o raise_v immediate_o a_o powerful_a army_n and_o with_o all_o his_o force_n march_v to_o devonshire_n which_o he_o destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n from_o whence_o he_o proceed_v to_o cornwall_n intend_v to_o make_v that_o country_n sensible_a of_o the_o same_o misery_n but_o he_o come_v far_o short_a of_o his_o expectation_n for_o upon_o his_o entrance_n into_o the_o country_n the_o britain_n oppose_v he_o and_o give_v he_o battle_n where_o he_o be_v vanquish_v and_o force_v to_o retire_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o his_o own_o dominion_n this_o victory_n the_o britain_n call_v gwaeth_n heilyn_n from_o thâ—_n a.d._n 721_o place_n where_o this_o battle_n be_v fight_v the_o year_n follow_v the_o britain_n again_o obtain_v two_o notable_a victory_n over_o the_o saxon_n the_o one_o at_o a_o place_n call_v gaâ—â—_n maclawch_v in_o north-wales_n the_o other_o at_o pencoct_v in_o south-wales_n but_o the_o joy_n and_o satisfaction_n which_o the_o brâ—tains_v entertain_v of_o these_o success_n be_v somewhâ—â—_n abate_v by_o the_o death_n of_o belin_n the_o son_n of_o elphin_n 〈◊〉_d man_n of_o noble_a birth_n and_o great_a worth_n among_o theâ—_n about_o the_o same_o time_n celredus_n king_n of_o mercia_n dieâ—_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o ethelbaldus_fw-la who_o be_v veâ—â—desirous_a to_o annex_v that_o fertile_a and_o pleasant_a countrâ—_n lie_v between_o the_o river_n severn_n and_o wye_n to_o hâ—â—_n kingdom_n of_o mercia_n enter_v wales_n with_o a_o puissant_a army_n he_o destroy_v and_o ravage_v the_o country_n bâ—fore_fw-mi he_o to_o carno_n a_o mountain_n lie_v not_o far_o froâ—_n abergavenny_n where_o he_o be_v meet_v with_o by_o the_o â—_z between_o who_o a_o bloody_a and_o sore_a battle_n be_v fight_v in_o the_o year_n 728._o but_o the_o victory_n prove_v very_o dubitable_a a.d._n 733_o not_o long_o after_o die_v venerable_a bede_n who_o be_v educate_v and_o bring_v up_o in_o the_o abbey_n of_o wyrnetham_n 〈◊〉_d jarewe_n a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o extensiâ—â—_n knowledge_n who_o write_v several_a book_n one_o of_o whicâ—_n entitle_v the_o ecclesiastical_a history_n of_o the_o english_a nâ—tion_n he_o dedicate_v to_o cleolwolfe_n king_n of_o northumbeâ—land_n the_o same_o time_n adeir_v king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a and_o ethelbald_a king_n of_o mercia_n unite_v their_o foâ—ces_n and_o joint_o march_v to_o fight_v against_o the_o britaâ—â—â—_n the_o welsh_a be_v now_o put_v to_o very_o hard_a strait_n anâ—_n force_v to_o oppose_v the_o numerous_a army_n of_o two_o powerful_a king_n however_o fight_v they_o must_v or_o suffer_v thâ—â—_n country_n to_o be_v miserable_o overrun_v by_o their_o invetered_a enemy_n both_o army_n be_v engage_v a_o very_a dismal_a battle_n ensue_v thereupon_o and_o a_o very_a great_a slaughter_n happen_v on_o both_o side_n but_o the_o saxon_n prevail_v by_o the_o number_n of_o their_o
force_n obtain_v a_o very_a bloody_a victory_n over_o the_o powerless_a britain_n bâ—â—_n adelred_n who_o be_v short_o follow_v by_o edwin_n king_n 〈◊〉_d the_o pict_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v this_o battle_n and_o cudâ—â—_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a the_o welsh_a find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o cope_v with_o the_o saxon_n and_o too_o weak_a to_o repress_v their_o endless_a incursion_n 3._o therefore_o they_o apply_v themselves_o to_o cudred_a and_o join_v in_o league_n with_o he_o who_o upon_o some_o occasion_n or_o other_o be_v actual_o fall_v out_o with_o ethelbald_a king_n of_o mercia_n but_o ethelbald_n be_v so_o proud_a with_o the_o success_n a.d._n 746_o of_o the_o last_o engagement_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o league_n with_o cudred_a he_o must_v needs_o again_o fall_v upon_o the_o welsh_a he_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o hereford_n where_o the_o britain_n by_o the_o help_n of_o cudred_a give_v he_o a_o signal_n overthrow_n and_o cause_v he_o to_o repent_v of_o his_o rash_a and_o precipitous_a expedition_n but_o short_o after_o cudred_a and_o ethelbald_a be_v unlucky_o reconcile_v and_o make_v friend_n together_o and_o cudred_a relinquish_a the_o welsh_a join_v his_o force_n to_o ethelbalds_n hereupon_o ensue_v another_o battle_n in_o which_o the_o welsh_a be_v great_o overpower_v be_v vanquish_v by_o the_o saxon_n after_o which_o victory_n cudr_v short_o dye_v to_o he_o succeed_v sigebert_n a_o a.d._n 743_o man_n of_o a_o loose_a and_o vicious_a inclination_n who_o for_o his_o ill_a behaviour_n in_o the_o management_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n expel_v and_o deprive_v by_o his_o nobility_n â—nd_v at_o last_o miserable_o slay_v by_o a_o rascally_a swineherd_n after_o he_o kenulph_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n ann._n 750._o in_o who_o time_n die_v theodore_n the_o son_n of_o a.d._n 750_o bâ—lin_n a_o man_n of_o great_a esteem_n and_o reputation_n among_o the_o britain_n and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n a_o remarkable_a barâ—el_n be_v fight_v between_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o pict_n â—t_a a_o place_n call_v magedawc_n in_o which_o the_o pict_n be_v â—ut_v to_o a_o total_a rout_n and_o dalargan_n their_o king_n casual_o â—lain_v but_o the_o britain_n do_v not_o succeed_v so_o well_o against_o the_o saxon_n for_o roderic_n molwynoc_n be_v at_o length_n force_v to_o forsake_v the_o western_a country_n of_o britain_n and_o â—o_o claim_v his_o own_o inheritance_n in_o north_n wales_n the_o son_n of_o bletius_n or_o bledericus_n prince_n of_o cornwall_n and_o devonshire_n who_o be_v one_o of_o they_o that_o vanquish_v adelred_n and_o ethelbert_n at_o bangor_n on_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi have_v enjoy_v the_o government_n of_o north_n wales_n ever_o since_o cadfan_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o britain_n roderic_n therefore_o demand_v the_o government_n of_o this_o country_n as_o his_o â—ight_n which_o he_o be_v now_o willing_a to_o accept_v of_o see_v â—he_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v what_o he_o have_v hitherto_o possess_v but_o he_o do_v long_o enjoy_v it_o but_o die_v in_o a_o short_a time_n leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n conan_n tindaythwy_n and_o howel_n after_o that_o he_o have_v in_o all_o reign_v over_o the_o britain_n thirty_o year_n conan_n tindaythwy_n a.d._n 755_o roderic_n molwynoc_n be_v dead_a his_o son_n conan_n tindaythwy_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n and_o principality_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o year_n 755._o he_o be_v scarce_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n but_o the_o saxon_n begin_v to_o make_v inroad_n into_o his_o country_n to_o spoil_v and_o destroy_v what_o they_o convenient_o can_v meet_v with_o they_o be_v animate_v hereto_o by_o the_o bad_a success_n of_o roderic_n and_o have_v force_v the_o britain_n out_o of_o cornwall_n and_o devonshire_n they_o think_v it_o practicable_a to_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o wales_n too_o and_o so_o to_o reduce_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o whole_a island_n to_o themselves_o this_o be_v their_o aim_n and_o this_o they_o endeavour_v to_o put_v in_o execution_n but_o they_o be_v meet_v with_o at_o hereford_n where_o a_o severe_a battle_n be_v fight_v between_o they_o and_o the_o welsh_a in_o which_o dyfnwal_n the_o son_n of_o theodor_n a_o stout_a and_o valiant_a soldier_n be_v slay_v and_o short_o afterward_o die_v athelbeâ—â—_n king_n of_o northumberland_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o oâ—wald_n about_o the_o same_o time_n happen_v a_o religious_a quarreâ—_n between_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n concern_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n which_o elbodius_n 〈◊〉_d learned_a and_o a_o pious_a man_n endeavour_v to_o rectify_v 〈◊〉_d wales_n and_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o the_o roman_a calculation_n which_o the_o saxon_n always_o observe_v the_o britain_n diâ—_n differ_v from_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o celebration_n oâ—_n this_o feast_n and_o the_o difference_n be_v this_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o council_n of_o nicâ—_n always_o observe_v easter-day_n the_o next_o sunday_n after_o thâ—_n 14_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n so_o that_o it_o never_o happen_v upon_o the_o 14_o day_n itself_o nor_o pass_v the_o 21th_o thâ—_n britain_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n celebrate_v their_o easter_n upon_o the_o 14_o and_o so_o forward_o to_o the_o 20_o which_o occasion_v this_o difference_n that_o the_o sunday_n observe_v as_o easter-day_n by_o the_o britain_n be_v but_o palm-sunday_n with_o the_o saxon_n upon_o this_o account_n the_o saxon_n do_v most_o uncharitable_o traduce_v the_o britain_n and_o will_v scarce_o allow_v they_o the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o christian_n hereupon_o about_o the_o year_n 660._o a_o great_a contest_v happen_v manage_v on_o the_o one_o part_n by_o colman_n and_o hylda_n who_o defend_v the_o rite_n and_o celebration_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o gilbert_n and_o wilfride_n on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o saxon_n hylda_n be_v the_o niece_n of_o edwine_n king_n of_o northumberland_n educate_v by_o pauline_n and_o aedan_n she_o public_o oppose_v wilfride_n and_o other_o superstitious_a monk_n as_o to_o such_o trifle_n and_o bigotry_n in_o religion_n allege_v out_o of_o polycrates_n the_o fact_n of_o irenaeus_n who_o withstand_v victor_n bishop_n of_o rome_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o church_n of_o asia_n observe_v by_o s._n john_n the_o evangelist_n philip_n the_o apostle_n polycarpus_n and_o melito_n and_o likewise_o observe_v in_o britain_n by_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n who_o first_o preach_v the_o gospel_n here_o offa_n be_v make_v king_n of_o mercia_n and_o brichtrich_n of_o a.d._n 763_o the_o westsaxons_a about_o which_o time_n die_v fermael_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n and_o cemoyd_n king_n of_o the_o pict_n the_o saxon_n do_v daily_o encroach_v upon_o the_o land_n and_o territory_n of_o the_o welsh_a beyond_o the_o river_n severn_n but_o more_o especial_o towards_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o country_n these_o enchroachment_n the_o welsh_a can_v not_o endure_v and_o therefore_o be_v resolve_v to_o recover_v their_o own_o and_o to_o drive_v the_o saxon_n out_o of_o their_o country_n the_o britain_n of_o south-wales_n as_o receive_v the_o great_a a.d._n 776_o injury_n and_o disadvantage_n from_o the_o saxon_n present_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o enter_v into_o the_o country_n of_o mercia_n which_o they_o ravage_v and_o destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o short_o after_o all_o the_o welsh_a join_v their_o force_n together_o fall_v upon_o the_o saxon_n and_o force_v they_o to_o retire_v beyond_o the_o severn_n and_o then_o return_v home_o with_o a_o very_a considerable_a spoil_n of_o english_a cattle_n the_o welsh_a find_v the_o advantage_n of_o this_o last_o incursion_n and_o how_o that_o by_o these_o mean_v they_o gaul_v and_o vex_v the_o saxon_n frequent_o practise_v the_o same_o and_o enter_v their_o country_n by_o stealth_n they_o kill_v and_o destroy_v all_o before_o they_o and_o drive_v their_o cattle_n beyond_o the_o river_n ravage_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o whole_a country_n offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v these_o daily_a incursion_n and_o depredation_n of_o the_o welsh_a enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n to_o bend_v their_o whole_a force_n against_o the_o welsh_a who_o have_v raise_v a_o very_a strong_a and_o numerous_a army_n pass_v the_o severn_n into_o wales_n the_o welsh_a be_v far_o too_o weak_a to_o oppose_v and_o encounter_v so_o great_a a_o army_n quit_v the_o even_a and_o plain_a country_n lie_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o severn_n and_o wye_n and_o retire_v to_o the_o mountain_n and_o rock_n where_o they_o know_v they_o can_v be_v most_o safe_a from_o the_o inveterate_a and_o revengeful_a arm_n of_o the_o saxon_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o saxon_n decamp_v be_v not_o able_a to_o effect_v any_o thing_n against_o they_o in_o these_o strong_a and_o
the_o battle_n of_o kettell_n his_o son_n roderic_n surname_v the_o great_a without_o any_o opposition_n or_o contest_v succeed_v in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n the_o first_o thing_n he_o effect_v after_o his_o advancement_n to_o â—he_n crown_n be_v the_o divide_n of_o wales_n into_o several_a province_n which_o he_o distinguish_v into_o these_o three_o aberffraw_n dinevowr_n and_o mathraval_n berthred_a king_n â—f_n mercia_n be_v animate_v by_o his_o late_a success_n against_o merfyn_n frych_n purpose_v to_o perform_v the_o like_a exploit_n â—gainst_a his_o son_n roderic_n and_o have_v gain_v the_o aid_n â—nd_v assistance_n of_o king_n ethelwulph_n he_o enter_v north_n wales_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o anglesey_n which_o he_o cruel_o and_o miserable_o destroy_v roderic_n meet_v he_o several_a time_n and_o the_o welsh_a do_v at_o length_n so_o gall_n and_o torment_v he_o that_o in_o fine_a he_o have_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o boast_v of_o only_a meyric_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a prince_n among_o the_o britain_n be_v slay_v but_o he_o be_v soon_o force_v to_o quit_v his_o expedition_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o to_o convert_v his_o force_n another_o way_n his_o own_o dominion_n require_v their_o constant_a residence_n be_v severe_o threaten_v by_o a_o foreign_a invasion_n a.d._n 846_o for_o the_o dane_n be_v by_o this_o time_n grow_v so_o very_o powerful_a that_o they_o overran_a a_o great_a part_n of_o england_n fight_v with_o athelstan_n king_n of_o kent_n brother_n to_o ethelwulph_n and_o obtain_v so_o much_o conquest_n that_o whereas_o before_o they_o return_v to_o their_o own_o country_n when_o the_o wether_n grow_v too_o cold_a for_o action_n they_o now_o take_v up_o their_o winter-quarter_n in_o england_n the_o welsh_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v secure_a from_o any_o violence_n which_o may_v otherwise_o be_v expect_v from_o the_o english_a begin_v to_o quarrel_n and_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o ithel_n king_n of_o gwent_n or_o wâ—ntland_n for_o what_o occasion_n not_o know_v fall_v foul_a upon_o the_o meâ—_n of_o brecknock_n who_o be_v so_o resolute_a as_o to_o fight_v he_o and_o the_o event_n prove_v very_o unfortunate_a to_o ithel_n whâ—_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n it_o be_v the_o unhappiness_n of_o a_o nation_n that_o be_v govern_v by_o several_a petty_a state_n when_o it_o be_v apprehensive_a of_o no_o danger_n from_o a_o outward_a enemy_n that_o it_o will_v fall_v at_o variance_n and_o create_v disturbance_n among_o itself_o have_v the_o britain_n instead_o of_o fall_v upon_o one_o another_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o this_o opportunity_n wheâ—_n the_o saxon_n be_v altogether_o employ_v in_o oppose_v and_o repel_v the_o dane_n to_o increase_v and_o strengthen_v their_o number_n and_o to_o fortify_v their_o town_n they_o may_v aâ—_n lest_o secure_o have_v possess_v their_o own_o dominion_n 〈◊〉_d not_o extend_v their_o government_n to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o england_n but_o a_o sort_n of_o a_o equality_n in_o power_n beget_v aâ—_n emulation_n between_o the_o several_a prince_n and_o this_o emulation_n for_o the_o most_o part_n end_v in_o blow_n and_o contention_n so_o that_o instead_o of_o strengthen_v themselves_o whilst_o they_o have_v respite_n from_o the_o english_a they_o rather_o weaken_v their_o power_n by_o inward_a difference_n kongen_fw-mi king_n of_o powy_n be_v go_v to_o rome_n there_o to_o a.d._n 854_o â—end_n his_o day_n peaceable_o and_o religious_o but_o his_o death_n do_v not_o prove_v so_o natural_a as_o he_o expect_v be_v barbarous_o slay_v or_o as_o some_o say_v choke_v by_o his_o own_o servant_n short_o after_o die_v cemoyth_fw-mi king_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o jonathan_n lord_n of_o abergeley_n it_o be_v now_o become_v customary_a for_o prince_n weary_v with_o government_n to_o go_v to_o rome_n and_o the_o pope_n willing_o dispense_v with_o the_o resignation_n of_o their_o crown_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o holiness_n seldom_o lose_v by_o it_o king_n ethelwulph_n pay_v very_o dear_a for_o his_o entertainment_n there_o make_v his_o kingdom_n tributary_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o pay_v the_o peterpence_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o saxon_a genealogist_n bring_v the_o pedigree_n of_o ethelwulph_n for_o several_a succession_n and_o generation_n up_o to_o adam_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o matthew_n of_o westminster_n who_o in_o like_a manner_n derive_v the_o pedigree_n of_o offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n this_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n of_o most_o nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a and_o be_v always_o practise_v by_o they_o who_o family_n be_v any_o thing_n ancient_a and_o honourable_a so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a mistake_n to_o scoff_n at_o and_o deride_v the_o welsh_a because_o they_o keep_v up_o this_o ancient_a and_o laudable_a custom_n berthred_a king_n of_o mercia_n become_v at_o length_n far_o â—oo_o weak_a to_o repel_v the_o daily_a increase_a power_n of_o the_o dane_n who_o so_o numerous_o pour_v upon_o he_o that_o at_o last_o he_o be_v force_v to_o relinquish_v his_o kingdom_n and_o fly_v to_o rome_n where_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o sorrowful_o end_v his_o day_n ethelwulph_n short_o follow_v and_o leave_v his_o son_n athelbald_a king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a and_o athelbright_n king_n of_o kent_n and_o the_o east-saxons_a ethelwulph_n be_v report_v to_o be_v so_o learned_a and_o devout_a that_o the_o church_n of_o winchester_n elect_v he_o in_o his_o youth_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_v which_o function_n he_o take_v upon_o he_o about_o seven_o year_n before_o he_o be_v make_v king_n he_o be_v say_v also_o to_o have_v conquer_a the_o kingdom_n of_o demetia_n or_o south-wales_n which_o together_o with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o south-saxons_a he_o bestow_v upon_o his_o son_n alfred_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v bring_v a_o thousand_o man_n out_o of_o wales_n to_o winchester_n to_o the_o aid_n of_o his_o brother_n ethelbert_n against_o the_o dane_n athelbald_n succeed_a his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a keep_v his_o mother-in-law_n the_o wife_n of_o ethelwulph_n for_o hiâ—_n concubine_n and_o afterward_o marry_v she_o in_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n but_o he_o do_v not_o live_v long_o to_o enjoy_v the_o unnatural_a conjunction_n but_o die_v without_o issâ—_n after_o that_o he_o have_v reign_v eight_o year_n leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o brother_n athelbright_n about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o dane_n begin_v again_o to_o be_v stir_v themselves_o and_o fall_v upon_o the_o city_n of_o winchester_n and_o destroy_v it_o which_o athelbright_n perceive_v after_o a_o long_o fight_v force_v they_o to_o quit_v the_o land_n and_o tâ—_n betake_v themselves_o to_o sea_n again_o but_o the_o dane_n quick_o return_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n where_o they_o remain_v for_o that_o winter_n do_v much_o mischief_n upon_o the_o sea-coast_n and_o destroy_v all_o place_n near_o the_o shoaâ—_n of_o england_n the_o english_a be_v very_o glad_a that_o they_o dare_v venture_v no_o further_o and_o the_o more_o because_o the_o welsh_a begin_v again_o to_o be_v troublesome_a against_o whoâ—_n a_o army_n must_v be_v speedy_o dispatch_v otherwise_o they_o will_v certain_o advance_v to_o the_o english_a country_n both_o army_n meet_v at_o greythen_n where_o a_o fierce_a battle_n be_v fight_v and_o a_o great_a number_n slay_v on_o either_o side_n but_o the_o victory_n be_v not_o plain_o discoverable_a bâ—â—_n the_o welch_n not_o long_o after_o receive_v a_o considerable_a loâ—_n by_o the_o death_n of_o conan_n nâ—rit_fw-fr nifer_n a_o stout_a and_o skilful_a commander_n who_o oftentimes_o have_v valiant_o repulse_v the_o english_a force_n and_o obtain_v many_o signâ—â—_n victory_n over_o they_o the_o dane_n have_v be_v for_o some_o time_n quiet_a be_v â—â—able_a to_o venture_v upon_o any_o considerable_a action_n anâ—_n therefore_o they_o think_v it_o advisable_v to_o secure_v only_a whâ—_n they_o have_v already_o win_v and_o to_o expect_v a_o re-inforcement_n from_o their_o own_o country_n this_o be_v quick_o send_v they_o under_o the_o command_n of_o hungare_n and_o hubâ—â—â—_n who_o land_v in_o england_n with_o a_o very_a considerable_a armâ—_n of_o dane_n king_n athelbright_n whether_o terrify_v with_o a_o dismal_a apprehension_n of_o these_o invader_n or_o otherwise_o be_v indispose_v quick_o afterward_o give_v up_o the_o ghost_n leave_v the_o management_n of_o his_o kingdom_n together_o with_o that_o of_o his_o army_n against_o the_o dane_n to_o his_o brother_n ethelred_n the_o dane_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n â—ot_n sure_a foot_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o york_n which_o â—hey_n miserable_o destroy_v kill_v osbright_n and_o elbaâ—wo_n â—wo_z king_n of_o northumberland_n that_o oppose_v they_o â—rom_o hence_o they_o proceed_v and_o overrun_v all_o the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o nottingham_n destroy_v and_o spoil_v all_o before_o they_o and_o then_o return_v back_o to_o york_n â—ut_fw-la have_v once_o taste_v
and_o spoil_v the_o sea-coast_n thereof_o and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o buellt_n but_o the_o dane_n at_o budington_n be_v inform_v that_o king_n alfred_n march_v against_o they_o flee_v back_o to_o their_o castle_n in_o essex_n so_o that_o the_o king_n be_v fain_o to_o alâ—er_v his_o march_n and_o to_o convert_v his_o force_n against_o leyâ—ester_n where_o a_o party_n of_o dane_n be_v so_o warm_o besiege_v that_o at_o length_n they_o be_v reduce_v to_o that_o extremity_n as_o to_o feed_v upon_o their_o horse_n but_o the_o season_n â—f_n the_o year_n for_o action_n be_v end_v and_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wether_n be_v advance_v alfred_n 〈◊〉_d force_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o to_o wait_v the_o next_o opportunity_n a.d._n 895_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o town_n but_o before_o 〈◊〉_d can_v appear_v before_o it_o again_o the_o dane_n fair_o quittâ—â—_n it_o and_o together_o with_o those_o in_o northumberland_n passâ—â—_n by_o the_o north-sea_n to_o meresige_v a_o isle_n in_o essex_n thâ—_n a.d._n 896_o next_o year_n they_o enter_v the_o thames_n and_o build_v a_o caâ—â—â—â—_n twenty_o mile_n distant_a from_o london_n upon_o the_o strengâ—â—_n of_o which_o they_o venture_v to_o spoil_v and_o waste_v the_o coâ—â—trey_n thereabouts_o but_o pay_v very_o dear_a for_o their_o courage_n be_v accidental_o meet_v with_o they_o receive_v 〈◊〉_d bloody_a overthrow_n have_v four_o of_o their_o prince_n slâ—â—_n upon_o the_o spot_n and_o the_o rest_n very_o glad_a to_o make_v their_o â—scape_n to_o the_o castle_n upon_o this_o alfred_n divide_v the_o riâ—â—â—_n into_o three_o stream_n by_o which_o stratagem_n the_o waâ—_n become_v so_o diminish_v in_o the_o thames_n that_o the_o danâ—â—â—_n ship_n can_v not_o return_v back_o into_o the_o sea_n when_o tâ—â—_n danes_n perceive_v this_o and_o find_v it_o impracticable_a 〈◊〉_d they_o to_o escape_v in_o their_o ship_n they_o leave_v their_o wiâ—â—â—_n and_o child_n and_o all_o their_o effect_n in_o essex_n and_o 〈◊〉_d pass_v by_o land_n to_o enadbryge_n upon_o the_o severn_n aâ—â—_n then_o pass_v the_o river_n spoil_v the_o country_n 〈◊〉_d brecknock_n gwentland_n and_o gwentlhwg_n some_o of_o the_o at_o the_o same_o time_n pass_v over_o to_o france_n and_o another_o company_n coast_v about_o devonshire_n destroy_v tâ—â—_n maritime_a country_n but_o be_v meet_v with_o by_o the_o english_a a.d._n 897_o lose_v six_o of_o their_o ship_n in_o the_o dispute_n tâ—â—_n follow_v summer_n the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n suffer_v extreme_o by_o locust_n who_o consume_v all_o the_o corn_n aâ—â—_n the_o grass_n through_o the_o whole_a country_n but_o be_v 〈◊〉_d length_n by_o continue_a prayer_n and_o fast_v quite_o destroy_v these_o be_v common_a in_o africa_n and_o other_o hot_a râ—gions_n but_o seldom_o see_v in_o cold_a climate_n and_o whâ—â—_n they_o happen_v to_o travel_v so_o far_o they_o be_v always_o veâ—â—_n pestilentious_a and_o destructive_a to_o that_o country_n thâ—â—_n come_v to_o a.d._n 900_o this_o year_n igmond_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o danâ—â—_n land_v in_o anglesey_n and_o be_v meet_v with_o by_o the_o welâ—â—_n at_o a_o place_n call_v molerain_n where_o merfyn_n be_v slaiâ—_n though_o other_o call_v it_o meilon_n and_o from_o the_o batâ—â—â—_n fight_v there_o maes_n rhô_v meilon_n the_o same_o yeâ—â—_n king_n alfred_n die_v who_o translate_v the_o ancient_a law_n 〈◊〉_d â—yfnwall_n moelmut_n king_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o law_n 〈◊〉_d queen_n marsia_n out_o of_o british_a into_o english_a and_o â—â—â—â—d_v it_o marsian_a law_n which_o be_v afterward_o call_v â—â—â—st_n saxon_n law_n and_o observe_v in_o part_n of_o mercia_n â—â—â—h_v all_o the_o country_n on_o the_o south_n of_o thames_n the_o â—â—â—er_a part_n of_o the_o country_n have_v another_o law_n call_v â—â—â—e_a lex_n both_o which_o remain_v to_o the_o time_n of_o â—â—â—ard_a the_o confessor_n who_o of_o these_o two_o make_v one_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v very_o observable_a what_o be_v relate_v of_o king_n â—â—â—â—ed_v concern_v his_o division_n of_o the_o natural_a day_n inâ—â—â—hree_a part_n the_o one_o he_o set_v apart_o for_o devotion_n and_o â—â—â—â—dy_n the_o next_o for_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o three_o for_o his_o own_o rest_n and_o refreshment_n alfr_v be_v dead_a edward_n his_o elder_a son_n take_v upâ—â—â—im_v the_o crown_n which_o so_o displease_v the_o ambitious_a â—â—â—it_n of_o his_o brother_n adelwulph_n that_o present_o he_o raisâ—â—_n a_o cruel_a war_n against_o he_o and_o fly_v to_o northumâ—â—â—â—and_n stir_v up_o the_o dane_n against_o his_o brother_n â—â—â—ard_n the_o dane_n be_v glad_a of_o the_o opportunity_n â—â—â—ing_v now_o a_o fair_a pretence_n to_o render_v themselves_o â—â—sters_v of_o the_o whole_a island_n and_o therefore_o adelâ—â—ph_n be_v make_v king_n as_o well_o of_o the_o angle_n as_o of_o the_o â—â—â—es_n who_o by_o this_o time_n be_v grow_v to_o be_v one_o peoâ—â—â—_n march_v then_o proud_o with_o a_o very_a considerable_a â—â—â—y_v at_o his_o heel_n he_o subdue_v the_o east_n saxon_n spoilâ—â—_n the_o country_n of_o mercia_n and_o pass_v over_o the_o thames_n â—rickland_n destroy_v brythend_n and_o return_v home_n â—â—â—h_v very_o great_a booty_n at_o the_o same_o time_n eun_v 〈◊〉_d slay_v in_o arwystly_a but_o edward_n be_v inform_v of_o brother_n retreat_n pursue_v he_o very_o eager_o but_o â—â—â—sing_v of_o he_o overran_a and_o destroy_v all_o the_o counâ—â—â—_n betwixt_o ouse_n and_o the_o dike_n of_o s._n edmund_n and_o a_o return_v home_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n save_v the_o â—â—â—tish_a man_n who_o be_v too_o greedy_a of_o plunder_n rashâ—â—â—arried_v behind_o for_o the_o dane_n perceive_v the_o boâ—â—_n of_o the_o army_n to_o be_v return_v and_o that_o a_o small_a â—â—â—y_v still_o continue_v to_o ravage_v the_o country_n presentiment_o upon_o they_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o and_o 〈◊〉_d the_o rest_n to_o a_o shameful_a flight_n nor_o be_v the_o dane_n only_o powerful_a in_o england_n but_o molest_v anâ—_n a.d._n 905_o grow_v prevalent_a in_o ireland_n for_o this_o year_n they_o entâ—â—â—â—_n that_o kingdom_n slay_v carmot_n king_n and_o bishop_n of_o 〈◊〉_d ireland_n a_o religious_a and_o a_o virtuous_a person_n the_o son_n 〈◊〉_d cukeman_n and_o kyrnalt_a son_n of_o murgan_n king_n of_o lâ—gines_n a.d._n 906_o the_o year_n after_o die_v asser_n archbishop_n of_o s._n dâ—vids_n uncle_n to_o the_o famous_a and_o learned_a asser_n surname_v menevensis_n who_o be_v chancellor_n to_o his_o uncâ—â—_n the_o archbishop_n be_v send_v for_o by_o king_n alfred_n to_o instruct_v his_o child_n who_o life_n he_o afterward_o wroâ—â—_n and_o be_v make_v bishop_n of_o shireburn_n edward_n to_o force_v his_o brother_n from_o his_o countrâ—_n and_o to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o the_o kentishman_n dispatch_v a_o army_n to_o northumberland_n which_o have_v spoil_v the_o country_n return_v home_o upon_o whiâ—â—_n the_o dane_n to_o return_v their_o kindness_n destroy_v a_o greâ—â—_n part_n of_o mercia_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o edwâ—â—â—_n have_v raise_v a_o very_a considerable_a army_n give_v tâ—â—_n dane_n battle_n overthrow_v they_o and_o slay_v their_o kinâ—â—_n alden_n and_o edelwulph_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o noble_n this_o add_v very_o much_o to_o his_o dominionâ—_n which_o be_v the_o more_o increase_v and_o strengthen_v 〈◊〉_d the_o addition_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o oxford_n which_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o edelred_n duke_n of_o merâ—â—â—_n edward_n seize_v into_o his_o own_o hand_n permit_v 〈◊〉_d wife_n elfleda_n to_o enjoy_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o dukedom_n a.d._n 907_o short_o after_o cadelh_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n diâ—â—_n leave_v behind_o he_o three_o son_n howel_n dha_n or_o tâ—â—_n good_a who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n 〈◊〉_d south_n wales_n meyric_n and_o clydawe_n king_n edwardâ—â—ving_v â—â—ving_z obtain_v so_o signal_n a_o victory_n over_o the_o dane_n aâ—â—_n render_v his_o kingdom_n for_o some_o time_n quiet_a begin_v 〈◊〉_d build_v place_n of_o strength_n which_o may_v be_v serviceabâ—â—_n against_o a_o future_a storm_n he_o build_v a_o castle_n at_o hartforâ—_n betwixt_o the_o river_n benefic_n minier_n and_o lige_n anâ—_n also_o erect_v the_o burrow_n of_o wytham_n in_o essex_n anâ—_n continue_v sometime_o in_o wealdyne_n to_o keep_v those_o â—_z in_o awe_n but_o in_o spite_n of_o all_o this_o precaution_n thâ—_n danes_n of_o leycester_n and_o hampton_n begin_v the_o follow_a year_n to_o be_v very_o troublesome_a slay_v a_o great_a number_n 〈◊〉_d english_a at_o hotchnorton_n and_o in_o their_o return_n homâ—_n â—ard_n destroy_v the_o country_n of_o oxford_n about_o the_o â—â—me_n time_n a_o considerable_a fleet_n from_o tydwike_n under_z â—â—e_z command_n of_o uther_n and_o rahald_v sail_v by_o the_o weâ—â—ern_a sea_n to_o wales_n and_o destroy_v s._n david_n where_o â—as_v fight_v the_o battle_n of_o dinarth_n and_o mayloc_n the_o â—on_n of_o peredur_n gam_n be_v slay_v after_o this_o they_o enâ—â—â—ed_v a.d._n 911_o into_o herefordshire_n where_o they_o be_v
fight_v withâ—â—_n and_o rahald_v be_v slay_v and_o the_o rest_n compel_v to_o â—â—swear_v the_o king_n land_n and_o never_o to_o return_v any_o â—ore_o to_o england_n king_n edward_n to_o prevent_v any_o fuâ—â—re_a disturbance_n from_o such_o open_a invader_n cause_v a_o â—â—rong_a army_n to_o be_v quarter_v upon_o the_o south_n side_n of_o â—â—vern_n but_o the_o dane_n for_o all_o he_o can_v do_v enter_v â—â—vice_n into_o his_o country_n once_o at_o werd_n and_o then_o at_o â—ortogan_n but_o be_v both_o time_n overthrow_v by_o the_o â—nglish_fw-fr from_o thence_o they_o depart_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o â—â—epen_v whence_o they_o be_v force_v by_o hunger_n to_o sail_v to_o â—outh_n wales_n intend_v to_o make_v a_o considerable_a prey_n of_o â—hat_n country_n but_o fail_v of_o their_o aim_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o their_o way_n for_o ireland_n but_o the_o next_o year_n a_o party_n of_o dane_n fight_v a_o very_a â—evere_a battle_n with_o the_o kentish-man_n at_o holm_n but_o which_o of_o they_o obtain_v the_o victory_n be_v not_o certain_o â—eported_v about_o the_o same_o time_n anarawd_n prince_n of_o a.d._n 913_o north_n wales_n died_z leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n edwal_n foel_n and_o elis_n and_o some_o say_v a_o three_o name_v meyric_n edwal_n foel_n after_o the_o death_n of_o anarawd_n his_o elder_a son_n edwal_n foel_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n howel_n dha_n hold_v the_o principality_n of_o southwales_n and_o powis_n at_o what_o time_n a_o terrible_a comet_n appear_v in_o the_o heaven_n the_o same_o year_n the_o city_n of_o chester_n which_o have_v be_v destroy_v by_o the_o dane_n be_v by_o the_o procurement_n of_o elfleda_n new_o build_v and_o repair_v as_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o city_n do_v â—â—stifie_v this_o in_o the_o ancient_a copy_n be_v call_v leycestâ—â—_n by_o a_o easy_a mistake_n for_o legecestria_fw-la or_o chester_n callâ—â—_n by_o the_o roman_n legionum_fw-la cestria_fw-la the_o next_o summer_n the_o man_n of_o dublin_n cruel_o destroy_v the_o isle_n 〈◊〉_d anglesey_n and_o soon_o after_o clydawe_n the_o son_n of_o caâ—â—â—_n be_v unnatural_o slay_v by_o his_o brother_n meyric_n about_o tâ—â—_n same_o time_n that_o the_o dane_n receive_v a_o cruel_a overthroâ—â—_n by_o the_o english_a at_o tottenhale_n but_o elfleda_n do_v 〈◊〉_d long_o survive_v the_o rebuild_n of_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n a_o woman_n of_o singular_a virtue_n and_o one_o that_o greaâ—â—â—_n strengthen_v the_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n by_o build_v of_o town_n and_o castle_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o tâ—â—_n danes_n as_o strengat_fw-la and_o bruge_n by_o the_o forest_n 〈◊〉_d morph_n tamworth_n stafford_n edelburgh_n cherenburgâ—_n wadeburgh_n and_o runcofe_n after_o this_o she_o enter_v wâ—â—_n her_o whole_a army_n into_o wales_n wan_a brecknock_n 〈◊〉_d take_v the_o queen_n with_o 33_o of_o her_o man_n prisoner_n which_v in_o welch_n be_v call_v gwaith_n y_o ddinas_fw-la newydh_n 〈◊〉_d the_o battle_n of_o the_o new_a city_n from_o hence_o she_o march_v for_o derby_n which_o she_o take_v from_o the_o dane_n losâ—_n only_o four_o of_o her_o chief_a commander_n in_o the_o action_n the_o occasion_n of_o these_o two_o expedition_n according_a 〈◊〉_d some_o be_v this_o huganus_n lord_n of_o west_n wales_n perceive_v king_n edward_n to_o be_v unavoidable_o busy_a in_o thâ—_n danish_n war_n gather_v a_o army_n of_o britain_n and_o â—â—tring_v into_o england_n destroy_v the_o king_n countâ—â—_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o this_o elfleda_n come_v to_o wales_n witâ—_n a_o great_a army_n fight_v with_o the_o welsh_a at_o breek_n and_o put_v huganus_n to_o flight_n take_v his_o wife_n anâ—_n some_o of_o his_o man_n prisoner_n who_o she_o carry_v wiâ—â—_n she_o to_o mercia_n huganus_n be_v thus_o defeat_v flee_v 〈◊〉_d derby_n and_o be_v there_o kind_o receive_v join_v himself_o with_o the_o king_n enemy_n the_o dane_n elfleda_n be_v certify_v of_o that_o follow_v he_o with_o her_o army_n but_o in_o storm_v the_o gate_n of_o the_o town_n have_v four_o 〈◊〉_d her_o best_a officer_n kill_v by_o huganus_n but_o gwyane_a loâ—_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n her_o steward_n set_v fire_n to_o thâ—_n gate_n furious_o run_v upon_o the_o britain_n and_o entereâ—_n the_o town_n upon_o which_o haganus_n perceive_v himself_o to_o be_v overmatched_a choose_v rather_o to_o fall_v by_o the_o sword_n â—â—an_z cowardly_a to_o yield_v himself_o to_o a_o woman_n the_o â—ext_a year_n elfleda_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o leicester_n which_o be_v quick_o surrender_v and_o the_o dane_n thereâ—â—_n perfect_o subdue_v the_o fame_n of_o these_o several_a action_n be_v noise_v abroad_o her_o neighbour_n become_v somewhat_o fearful_a and_o timorous_a and_o the_o yorkshireâ—â—n_n voluntary_o do_v her_o homage_n and_o proffer_v their_o service_n she_o die_v at_o tamworth_n after_o eight_o year_n â—ule_a over_o mercia_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o gloucester_n by_o s._n peter_n after_o the_o death_n of_o elfleda_n king_n edward_n most_o ungrateful_o disinherit_v her_o daughter_n alfwyen_v and_o entere_v into_o mercia_n seize_v all_o the_o land_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n upon_o pretence_n that_o she_o without_o his_o knowledge_n who_o her_o mother_n have_v appoint_v her_o guardian_n have_v privy_o promise_v and_o contract_a marriage_n with_o reynald_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n but_o this_o unâ—ust_n and_o unnatural_a action_n of_o king_n edward_n may_v possible_o bring_v upon_o he_o those_o vehement_a trouble_n which_o present_o ensue_v upon_o it_o for_o leofr_v a_o dane_n â—nd_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n brother_n in_o law_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o west_n wales_n come_v from_o ireland_n with_o a_o great_a army_n to_o snowdon_n and_o mind_v to_o bring_v all_o wales_n and_o the_o march_n thereof_o to_o their_o subjection_n overran_a and_o subdue_v all_o the_o country_n to_o chester_n before_o king_n edward_n be_v certify_v of_o their_o arrival_n whereat_o be_v sore_o offend_v and_o loath_a to_o trouble_v his_o subject_n for_o help_n vow_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o son_n with_o their_o single_a force_n will_v be_v revenge_v upon_o leofred_n and_o gruffydh_n and_o thereupon_o march_v to_o chester_n force_v the_o city_n from_o they_o then_o he_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o too_o battle_n whereof_o he_o and_o his_o son_n ethelstan_n lead_v the_o first_o edmund_z and_o edred_n the_o second_o and_o follow_v they_o so_o close_o that_o he_o overtake_v they_o at_o the_o forest_n of_o walewode_n now_o sherwode_n where_o leofred_n and_o gruffydh_n set_v upon_o they_o so_o fierce_o that_o the_o king_n at_o first_o be_v in_o some_o danger_n until_o athelstane_n step_v in_o and_o wound_v the_o dane_n in_o the_o arm_n in_o that_o manner_n that_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o hold_v his_o spear_n the_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o atholstâ—ne_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n edmund_n and_o edred_n encounter_v with_o gruffydh_n slay_v he_o and_o bring_v his_o head_n to_o their_o father_n and_o leofreds_n head_n be_v likewise_o cut_v off_o they_o be_v both_o set_v up_o upon_o the_o town_n of_o chester_n and_o than_o edward_n together_o with_o his_o son_n victorious_o return_v home_o but_o king_n edward_n have_v a.d._n 924_o build_v glademutham_n soon_o after_o this_o die_v at_o farandon_n and_o his_o son_n alfred_n the_o same_o time_n at_o oxford_n and_o be_v both_o bury_v at_o winchester_n edward_n be_v dead_a his_o base_a son_n athelstane_n for_o many_o excellent_a virtue_n appear_v in_o he_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o worthy_a prince_n of_o the_o saxon_a blood_n that_o ever_o reign_v he_o overcome_v cudfryd_n the_o father_n of_o raynald_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n at_o york_n and_o be_v invade_v by_o hawlaf_n king_n of_o ireland_n who_o with_o all_o the_o power_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o dane_n march_v against_o he_o give_v he_o battle_n at_o brimestbury_n and_o obtain_v a_o very_a notorious_a victory_n king_n hawlaf_n together_o with_o the_o king_n of_o the_o scot_n five_o king_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n become_v subject_a to_o he_o which_o none_o of_o his_o predecessor_n a.d._n 933_o ever_o attempt_v sometime_o after_o owen_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o man_n of_o cardigan_n and_o then_o athelstane_n enter_v with_o his_o army_n into_o wales_n force_v the_o prince_n thereof_o to_o pay_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n of_o 20_o l._n in_o gold_n 300_o l._n in_o silver_n and_o 200_o head_n of_o cattle_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o observe_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n wherein_o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n shall_v pay_v no_o more_o to_o the_o king_n of_o london_n than_o 66_o l._n tribute_n and_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o dinefawr_n and_o powis_n shall_v
haviâ—â—_n destroy_v st_n david_n lhanbadarn_n lhanrhystyd_n lhaâ—dydoch_n and_o several_a other_o religious_a place_n the_o country_n be_v so_o cruel_o harass_v and_o weaken_v that_o prince_n meredith_n be_v force_v to_o compound_v with_o they_o and_o 〈◊〉_d a.d._n 988_o pay_v a_o tribute_n of_o one_o penny_n for_o every_o person_n withâ—â—_n his_o dominion_n which_o in_o welsh_a be_v call_v glwmaâ—_n otherwise_o the_o tribute_n of_o the_o black_a army_n anâ—_n ireland_n too_o at_o this_o time_n receive_v no_o inconsiderablâ—_n blow_v from_o the_o dane_n who_o slay_v elwmaen_n the_o son_n 〈◊〉_d abloic_a king_n of_o the_o country_n and_o so_o spoil_v and_o ravage_v that_o kingdom_n that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o naâ—tives_n perish_v by_o famine_n a.d._n 989_o the_o year_n follow_v owen_n the_o son_n of_o dyfnwal_n a_o maâ—_n of_o a_o considerable_a note_n and_o reputation_n among_o the_o welsh_a be_v slay_v beside_o which_o nothing_o remarkable_a happen_v this_o year_n but_o the_o next_o year_n edwin_n ap_fw-mi eineon_n whâ—_n be_v right_a heir_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_a have_v draw_v to_o his_o help_n a_o great_a army_n of_o english_a a.d._n 990_o â—nd_a dane_n hostible_o enter_v into_o meredith_n country_n spoil_v all_o the_o land_n of_o cardigan_n dyfe_v gwyr_n kydâ—ely_a and_o st._n david_n and_o receive_v hostage_n of_o the_o chief_a person_n of_o those_o country_n to_o own_v he_o as_o their_o rightful_a prince_n to_o return_v these_o outrage_n upon_o edwin_n meredith_n destroy_v the_o town_n of_o radnor_n spoil_v a.d._n 991_o glamorgan_n and_o carry_v the_o chief_a man_n therein_o prisoner_n who_o pay_v their_o ransom_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n but_o whilâ—_n wales_n be_v in_o this_o totter_a conâ—ition_n and_o scarce_o any_o place_n free_a from_o hostility_n it_o happy_o fall_v out_o that_o meredith_n and_o edwin_n be_v make_v friend_n and_o the_o difference_n compose_v between_o they_o â—o_z that_o the_o english_a and_o dane_n who_o come_v in_o with_o edwin_n â—nd_v who_o expect_v to_o fare_v best_a by_o these_o civil_a disturbance_n of_o the_o welsh_a be_v unexpected_o cashier_v and_o send_v home_o and_o soon_o after_o this_o agreement_n cadwalhon_n the_o only_a son_n of_o meredith_n die_v which_o render_v the_o composition_n between_o meredith_n and_o edwin_n more_o firm_a by_o reason_n that_o this_o latter_a thought_n now_o without_o any_o dispute_n to_o succeed_v meredith_n in_o his_o principality_n but_o this_o fall_v short_a of_o his_o aim_n for_o meredith_n be_v very_o much_o disturb_v in_o south-wales_n have_v â—o_o much_o work_v upon_o his_o hand_n to_o defend_v that_o country_n that_o he_o leave_v north-wales_n open_a and_o expose_v to_o the_o common_a enemy_n which_o the_o dane_n be_v quick_o acquaint_v with_o and_o so_o land_v in_o anglesâ—y_n they_o ravage_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o whole_a island_n the_o north-wales_n man_n find_v themselves_o thus_o forsake_v by_o meredith_n and_o their_o country_n like_o to_o be_v overrun_v by_o the_o dane_n if_o not_o timely_o prevent_v set_v up_o edwal_n the_o son_n a.d._n 992_o of_o meyric_n the_o indisputable_a heir_n of_o north-wales_n though_o long_o keep_v from_o it_o and_o own_v he_o for_o their_o prince_n but_o those_o incessant_a war_n and_o commotion_n in_o south-wales_n occasion_v a_o very_a dismal_a famine_n and_o scarcity_n in_o the_o country_n of_o which_o a_o very_a considerable_a number_n of_o people_n perish_v and_o thus_o meredith_n who_o have_v once_o conquer_v north-wales_n and_o for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v get_v possession_n of_o south-wales_n without_o any_o right_a or_o title_n to_o either_o be_v now_o oblige_v to_o relinquish_v the_o one_o and_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o maintain_v the_o other_o edwal_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n a.d._n 993_o edwal_n after_o a_o long_a and_o tedious_a expectation_n be_v now_o joyful_o receive_v by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n for_o their_o prince_n endeavour_v the_o first_o thing_n to_o defend_v his_o subject_n from_o the_o injury_n and_o depredation_n they_o receive_v from_o the_o dane_n and_o have_v in_o a_o measure_n effect_v that_o he_o be_v accost_v by_o another_o enemy_n for_o meredith_n be_v resolve_v to_o revenge_n the_o indignity_n and_o disgrace_n put_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n in_o deprive_v he_o of_o the_o government_n of_o their_o country_n gather_v and_o muster_v together_o all_o his_o power_n intend_v to_o recover_v again_o that_o principality_n be_v advance_v as_o far_o as_o lhangwm_n edwal_n meet_v he_o and_o in_o plain_a battle_n rout_v his_o army_n in_o which_o action_n theodor_n or_o tewdor_n mawr_z meredith_n nephew_n be_v slay_v leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n rhys_n and_o rytherch_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v elen._n but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o be_v not_o tewdor_n mawr_z but_o his_o brother_n edwin_n that_o be_v slay_v in_o this_o battle_n which_o also_o seem_v rather_o to_o have_v be_v fight_v at_o hengwm_n in_o ardudwy_n in_o merion_v shire_n than_o at_o lhangwm_n for_o in_o that_o place_n there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n certain_a monument_n of_o victory_n to_o be_v see_v as_o heap_n of_o stone_n tombstone_n and_o column_n which_o they_o call_v carneddi_n hengwm_n edwal_n return_v home_o triumphant_o after_o this_o victory_n think_v he_o have_v now_o secure_v himself_o in_o his_o government_n and_o expect_v to_o enjoy_v his_o dominion_n quiet_o and_o without_o any_o molestation_n but_o he_o have_v scarce_o recover_v the_o fatigue_n of_o the_o last_o engagement_n when_o swain_n the_o son_n of_o harold_n have_v late_o pillage_v and_o waste_v the_o isle_n of_o man_n land_v in_o north-wales_n who_o edwal_n endeavour_v to_o oppose_v be_v slay_v in_o the_o encounter_n leave_v one_o son_n behind_o he_o called_z jago_z within_o a_o while_n after_o the_o dane_n return_v again_o against_o st._n david_n and_o destroy_v all_o before_o they_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n slay_v morgency_n or_o vrgeney_n bishop_n of_o that_o diocese_n prince_n meredith_n be_v high_o concern_v at_o the_o mischief_n these_o barbarous_a people_n continual_o do_v to_o his_o country_n and_o the_o more_o because_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o â—epel_v their_o insolence_n out_o of_o grief_n and_o vexation_n die_v have_v issue_n one_o only_a daughter_n name_v angharad_n who_o be_v twice_o marry_v first_o to_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylhe_fw-mi and_o after_o his_o death_n to_o confyn_n hirdref_n or_o â—as_v other_o think_v to_o confyn_n ap_fw-mi gwerystan_n she_o have_v child_n by_o both_o husband_n which_o occasion_v afterward_o great_a disturbance_n and_o civil_a commotion_n in_o wales_n the_o issue_n of_o both_o adventure_n pretend_v a_o right_a of_o succession_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n aedan_n ap_fw-mi blegorad_n edwal_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o battle_n against_o swain_n and_o have_v no_o other_o issue_n â—han_fw-mi jago_n who_o be_v a_o minor_a and_o too_o young_a to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n and_o meredith_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n die_v without_o any_o other_o issue_n than_o a_o daughter_n cause_v very_o heavy_a quarrel_n and_o contention_n among_o the_o welsh_a several_a without_o any_o colour_n of_o right_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n and_o pretension_n to_o the_o government_n in_o north-wales_n conan_n the_o son_n a.d._n 1003_o of_o howel_n and_o aedan_n the_o son_n of_o blegorad_n be_v the_o chief_a aspirer_n to_o that_o principality_n and_o because_o they_o can_v not_o agree_v who_o shall_v be_v the_o man_n they_o fair_o consent_v to_o try_v the_o matter_n in_o open_a field_n where_o conan_n have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o be_v slay_v and_o so_o aedan_n be_v victorious_o proclaim_v prince_n of_o noâ—th_n wales_n but_o who_o this_o aedan_n be_v descend_v from_o or_o what_o colour_n or_o pretence_n he_o can_v lay_v to_o this_o principality_n can_v be_v as_o much_o as_o guess_v at_o there_o be_v none_o of_o that_o name_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o any_o welsh_a record_n except_v that_o blegorad_n who_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o lyre_n of_o howel_n dha_n who_o estate_n and_o quality_n be_v too_o mean_a that_o his_o posterity_n shall_v lay_v any_o claim_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n but_o be_v that_o how_o it_o will_v aedâ—_n after_o his_o victory_n over_o conan_n ap_fw-mi howel_n be_v own_v prince_n by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n over_o who_o he_o bear_v rule_n for_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o year_n though_o beside_o his_o conquest_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi howel_n there_o be_v nothing_o record_v of_o he_o except_v his_o be_v slay_v together_o with_o his_o four_o son_n by_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylhe_fw-mi but_o whilst_o the_o welsh_a be_v in_o this_o inconstant_a and_o unsettled_a condition_n the_o scot_n in_o ireland_n begin_v to_o grow_v powerful_a and_o have_v destroy_v the_o town_n and_o country_n of_o develyn_n they_o take_v gulfath_o and_o vbiad_n two_o irish_a lord_n prisoner_n who_o eye_n they_o most_o
inhuman_o put_v out_o the_o dane_n also_o who_o have_v late_o make_v their_o incursion_n into_o south-wales_n begin_v now_o to_o molest_v the_o english_a and_o have_v land_v in_o the_o west_n pass_v through_o thâ—_n county_n of_o somerset_n dorset_z hamp-shire_n and_o sussex_n destroy_v and_o burn_v all_o before_o they_o have_v advance_v without_o any_o opposition_n as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n medway_n they_o lay_v siege_n to_o rochester_n which_o the_o kentish-man_n endeavour_v to_o preserve_v assemble_v themselves_o together_o and_o give_v the_o dane_n battle_n bâ—â—_n be_v vanquish_v in_o the_o undertake_n king_n edelâ—â—_n be_v then_o in_o cumberland_n where_o the_o dane_n be_v more_o numerous_o plant_v which_o country_n he_o keep_v quieâ—_n and_o in_o subjection_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n another_o army_n of_o dane_n land_v in_o the_o west_n against_o whoâ—_n the_o country_n people_n of_o somersetshire_n assemble_v themselves_o show_v their_o readiness_n to_o attack_v they_o buâ—_n want_v a_o head_n to_o direct_v they_o be_v easy_o put_v 〈◊〉_d their_o heel_n and_o the_o dane_n rule_v and_o command_v the_o country_n at_o their_o pleasure_n the_o king_n be_v sore_o vex_v at_o the_o insolence_n and_o restless_a depredation_n of_o the_o dane_n think_v convenient_a to_o strengthen_v himself_o by_o some_o powerful_a affinity_n and_o to_o that_o end_n sendâ—_n ambassador_n to_o richard_n duke_n of_o normandy_n desire_v his_o daughter_n emma_n in_o marriage_n and_o succour_n to_o â—epel_v the_o danish_a incursion_n here_o it_o be_v observable_a â—hat_n as_o the_o saxon_n be_v former_o call_v over_o as_o friend_n and_o ally_n to_o the_o well-meaning_a britain_n violent_o and_o wrongful_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o island_n so_o now_o the_o norman_n be_v invite_v to_o aid_v the_o english_a against_o the_o dane_n â—ook_v so_o good_a a_o like_n to_o the_o country_n that_o they_o never_o give_v over_o their_o design_n of_o gain_v it_o till_o at_o â—ast_n they_o become_v conqueror_n of_o the_o whole_a island_n the_o mischief_n of_o call_v in_o the_o norman_n though_o foretell_v to_o king_n adelred_n he_o be_v so_o far_o concern_v about_o the_o present_a calamity_n receive_v by_o the_o dane_n that_o he_o be_v deaf_a to_o all_o futurity_n how_o dangerous_a and_o mischievous_a soever_o they_o may_v prove_v and_o therefore_o be_v puff_v up_o with_o hope_n of_o increase_n of_o strength_n by_o this_o new_a affinity_n he_o send_v private_a letter_n to_o all_o city_n and_o town_n throughout_o his_o dominion_n where_o the_o dane_n be_v quarter_v require_v they_o all_o upon_o st._n brice_n night_n to_o massacre_v the_o dane_n which_o be_v according_o perform_v with_o much_o unanimity_n and_o secrecy_n this_o cruel_a disaster_n be_v so_o far_o from_o discourage_v the_o dane_n that_o they_o now_o begin_v to_o vow_v the_o eradication_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n and_o to_o revenge_v that_o unmanly_a massacre_n of_o their_o countryman_n to_o which_o end_n they_o land_v in_o devon-shire_n and_o overrun_v the_o country_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n spare_v nothing_o that_o have_v the_o least_o spark_n of_o life_n in_o it_o the_o city_n of_o exeter_n they_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o slay_v hugh_n the_o norman_a who_o the_o queen_n have_v recommend_v to_o the_o government_n of_o it_o to_o prevent_v their_o further_a incursion_n almarus_n earl_n of_o devon_n gather_v a_o great_a army_n out_o of_o hamp-shire_n and_o wilt-shire_n and_o the_o country_n thereabouts_o and_o march_v with_o a_o resolution_n stout_o to_o oppose_v the_o dane_n who_o put_v almarus_n to_o flight_n and_o pursue_v he_o to_o wilton_n and_o salisbury_n which_o be_v ransack_v and_o plunder_v they_o carry_v the_o pillage_n thereof_o triumphant_o to_o their_o ship_n a.d._n 1004_o the_o next_o year_n swain_n a_o prince_n of_o great_a repute_n in_o denmark_n land_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o norfolk_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o norwich_n and_o waste_v the_o country_n thereabouts_o but_o wolfkettel_n duke_n of_o that_o country_n be_v too_o weak_a to_o oppose_v he_o think_v it_o most_o convenient_a to_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o dane_n which_o be_v quick_o break_v and_o then_o swain_n march_v private_o to_o therford_n which_o after_o he_o have_v spoil_v and_o ransack_v he_o return_v with_o his_o prey_n to_o his_o ship_n wolfkettel_n hear_v this_o private_o draw_v up_o his_o force_n and_o stout_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n but_o be_v far_o inferior_a in_o number_n the_o dane_n get_v the_o day_n and_o afterward_o sail_v to_o their_o own_o country_n within_o two_o year_n after_o the_o dane_n return_v again_o bring_v with_o they_o their_o usual_a companion_n the_o fire_n the_o sword_n and_o the_o spoil_n and_o land_v at_o sandwich_n which_o after_o they_o have_v burn_v and_o pillage_v they_o sail_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n where_o they_o take_v up_o their_o winter-quarter_n till_o christmas_n and_o then_o come_v forth_o thence_o they_o overran_a by_o several_a party_n the_o country_n of_o hamshire_n and_o berkshire_n as_o far_o as_o reading_n wallingford_n and_o colsey_n devour_v up_o for_o want_v of_o other_o plunder_n all_o the_o provision_n and_o victual_n they_o find_v in_o the_o house_n and_o retribute_v the_o same_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n at_o their_o departure_n in_o their_o return_n they_o meet_v with_o the_o army_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a near_o essington_n but_o this_o consist_v only_o of_o a_o raw_a and_o unexperienced_a rabble_n they_o easy_o break_v through_o and_o pass_v triumphant_o by_o the_o gate_n of_o winchester_n they_o get_v safe_a with_o great_a booty_n to_o wight_n king_n adelred_n all_o this_o while_n lie_v at_o his_o manor-house_n in_o shropshire_n much_o trouble_v and_o concern_v at_o these_o uninterrupted_a devastation_n of_o the_o dane_n but_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n rather_o to_o save_v some_o than_o lose_v all_o they_o possess_v buy_v their_o peace_n of_o the_o dane_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o 30000_o l._n during_o which_o interval_n king_n adelred_n rouse_a his_o droop_a spirit_n ordain_v that_o every_o three_o hundred_o hide_n of_o land_n one_o hide_v be_v as_o much_o as_o one_o plough_n can_v sufficient_o till_o through_o his_o dominion_n shall_v man_n out_o a_o ship_n and_o every_o eight_o hide_n a_o corslet_n and_o a_o helmet_n beside_o which_o the_o king_n have_v no_o inconsiderable_a navy_n send_v he_o from_o normandy_n â—his_fw-la fleet_n when_o rendezvous'd_v at_o sandwich_n seem_v terrible_a in_o those_o day_n and_o be_v the_o great_a that_o ever_o â—ore_o than_o ride_v upon_o the_o british_a sea_n and_o now_o one_o â—â—ght_n have_v think_v that_o all_o thing_n will_v go_v well_o â—â—th_v the_o english_a when_o of_o a_o sudden_a another_o cloud_n appear_v for_o one_o wilnot_n a_o noble_a man_n of_o sussex_n beâ—â—g_v banish_v by_o king_n adelred_n get_v to_o sea_n with_o a_o small_a â—â—mber_n of_o ship_n and_o practise_v piracy_n along_o the_o â—â—asts_n of_o britain_n and_o mighty_o annoy_v all_o merchant_n and_o passenger_n brightrych_n brother_n to_o the_o a.d._n 1008_o faiterous_a edric_n earl_n of_o mercia_n think_v to_o advance_v 〈◊〉_d reputation_n by_o some_o signal_n exploit_n promise_v to_o â—â—ng_n wilnot_n dead_a or_o alive_a before_o he_o to_o which_o use_v he_o set_v forth_o with_o a_o considerable_a fleet_n which_o â—â—eeting_v with_o a_o terrible_a storm_n be_v by_o the_o tempest_n â—iven_v back_o and_o wreck_v upon_o the_o shore_n so_o that_o great_a number_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v drown_v and_o the_o 〈◊〉_d burn_v by_o wilnot_n and_o his_o company_n brightrych_n beâ—â—g_v abash_v with_o this_o unfortunate_a beginning_n returnâ—â—_n inglorious_o by_o the_o thames_n back_o to_o london_n so_o â—â—at_a this_o great_a preparation_n against_o the_o dane_n be_v â—â—shed_v to_o piece_n and_o come_v to_o nothing_o the_o dane_n be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o misfortune_n the_o a.d._n 1009_o â—â—glish_fw-fr receive_v by_o this_o storm_n and_o without_o any_o furâ—â—er_a enquiry_n land_v at_o sandwich_n and_o so_o pass_v on_o canterbury_n which_o they_o intend_v to_o destroy_v be_v 〈◊〉_d the_o citizen_n buy_v off_o for_o 3000_o l._n pass_v from_o â—â—ence_n through_o kent_n sussex_n and_o hampshire_n they_o come_v 〈◊〉_d burkshire_n where_o king_n edelred_n at_o length_n meet_v with_o â—â—em_n and_o purpose_v resolute_o to_o set_v upon_o they_o be_v the_o cunning_a insinuation_n and_o subtle_a argument_n of_o suitor_n edric_n dissuade_v from_o fight_v the_o dane_n beâ—â—g_v thus_o deliver_v from_o the_o danger_n which_o they_o certainâ—â—_n expect_v pass_v on_o joyful_o by_o the_o city_n of_o london_n use_v with_o great_a booty_n return_v to_o their_o ship_n the_o 〈◊〉_d year_n they_o land_v again_o at_o ipswich_n upon_o ascensionâ—â—_n where_o wolfkettel_n entertain_v they_o with_o a_o sharp_a â—â—counter_n but_o be_v overpower_a by_o number_n he_o â—as_v force_v to_o give_v back_o and_o yield_v the_o day_n to_o the_o
first_o on-let_a strike_v with_o a_o arrow_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o which_o wound_n he_o present_o die_v which_o when_o his_o man_n see_v they_o all_o flee_v and_o bring_v word_n to_o lhywarch_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o fellow_n of_o what_o have_v happen_v and_o so_o suspect_v the_o king_n army_n see_v they_o can_v not_o be_v trust_v in_o their_o service_n they_o all_o return_v to_o their_o respective_a country_n owen_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n unhappy_o slay_v his_o brethren_n divide_v his_o land_n betwixt_o they_o except_v caereneon_n which_o proper_o belong_v to_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ryryd_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o which_o he_o have_v forcible_o take_v away_o from_o his_o uncle_n meredith_n his_o father_n cadwgan_n have_v several_a child_n by_o different_a woman_n and_o beside_o himself_o he_o have_v issue_n madawc_n by_o gwenlhian_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n eineon_n by_o sanna_n the_o daughter_n of_o dyfnwal_n morgan_n by_o efelhiw_n or_o elhiw_n the_o daughter_n of_o cadifor_n ap_fw-mi colhoyn_v lord_n of_o dyfed_a henry_n and_o gruffydh_n be_v by_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o lord_n pigot_n his_o wed_a wife_n meredith_n by_o eururon_n hoedliw_n and_o himself_o by_o inerth_n the_o daughter_n of_o edwin_n but_o a_o while_n afterward_o eineon_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n and_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o cymmer_n in_o merionythshire_n which_o be_v late_o build_v by_o vchtryd_v ap_fw-mi edwin_n for_o cadwgan_n have_v bestow_v upon_o vchtryd_v his_o cofin-german_a merionyth_n and_o cyfeilioc_n upon_o condition_n that_o in_o all_o case_n he_o shall_v appear_v his_o friend_n and_o his_o son_n after_o he_o contrary_a to_o which_o promise_n he_o bear_v no_o manner_n of_o regard_n to_o cadwgan_n child_n after_o owen_n death_n but_o to_o strengthen_v himself_o the_o better_a he_o erect_v this_o castle_n of_o cymmer_n which_o very_o much_o displease_v many_o of_o cadwgan_n son_n and_o therefore_o eineon_n and_o gruffydh_n to_o make_v vchtryd_v sensible_a of_o his_o error_n in_o despise_v of_o they_o furious_o set_v upon_o cymmer_n castle_n and_o have_v slay_v divers_a of_o the_o garrison_n the_o rest_n surrender_v themselves_o and_o so_o take_v possession_n of_o it_o they_o divide_v the_o country_n betwixt_o they_o mowdhwy_a cyfyeilioc_n and_o half_a penlhyn_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n and_o the_o other_o half_a of_o penthyn_n with_o all_o merionyth_n to_o eineon_n the_o next_o year_n king_n henry_n fail_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o normandy_n against_o the_o french_a king_n who_o with_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n and_o other_o go_v about_o to_o make_v william_n the_o son_n of_o robert_n curthoise_n duke_n of_o normandy_n but_o at_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o all_o scatter_a and_o lay_v aside_o their_o intend_a design_n about_o the_o same_o time_n gilbert_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strigill_n to_o who_o king_n henry_n have_v give_v all_o cardigan_n depart_v this_o life_n after_o a_o long_a fit_a of_o a_o consumption_n much_o to_o the_o joy_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o welsh_a who_o be_v in_o great_a measure_n displease_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o own_o natural_a lord_n cadwgan_n from_o who_o this_o country_n be_v take_v away_o and_o be_v force_v to_o serve_v and_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o stranger_n who_o kindness_n they_o have_v no_o great_a reason_n to_o expect_v but_o the_o year_n follow_v a.d._n 1115_o a_o irreconcilable_a quarrel_n happen_v betwixt_o howel_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n lord_n of_o ros_n and_o ryfonioc_n now_o denbighland_n and_o riryd_n and_o lhywarch_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n and_o when_o they_o can_v not_o otherwise_o agree_v they_o break_v out_o into_o open_a war_n and_o thereupon_o howel_n send_v to_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o to_o eineon_n and_o madawc_n cadwgan_n son_n who_o come_v down_o from_o merionyth_n with_o a_o party_n of_o four_o hundred_o well-disciplined_a man_n and_o encamp_v in_o dyffryn_n clwyd_n riryd_n and_o lhywarch_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n deâ—â—red_v the_o assistance_n of_o their_o cousin_n the_o son_n of_o vchtryd_v and_o so_o both_o army_n meet_v in_o the_o vale_n of_o clwyd_n they_o fall_v to_o blow_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o spirit_n and_o alacrity_n and_o after_o a_o tedious_a and_o a_o bloody_a fight_n lhywarch_n owen_n ap_fw-mi edwyn's_fw-mi son_n be_v at_o last_o slay_v and_o with_o he_o jorwerth_n the_o son_n of_o nudh_n a_o noble_a and_o a_o valorous_a person_n and_o riryd_n be_v force_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n by_o flight_n but_o though_o howel_n obtain_v the_o victory_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o long_o survive_v his_o slay_a enemy_n for_o have_v receive_v a_o desperate_a wound_n in_o the_o action_n dye_v of_o it_o within_o forty_o day_n and_o than_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n find_v it_o dangerous_a to_o stay_v long_o there_o for_o fear_n of_o some_o french_a who_o lie_v garrison_v in_o chester_n return_v home_o with_o all_o speed_n king_n henry_n be_v still_o in_o normandy_n and_o about_o this_o a.d._n 1116_o time_n a_o very_a great_a battle_n be_v fight_v betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v shameful_o vanquish_v and_o overthrow_v and_o have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o noble_n take_v prisoner_n but_o as_o king_n henry_n return_v the_o follow_a a.d._n 11_o 7._o year_n for_o england_n one_o of_o the_o ship_n happen_v by_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o pilot_n to_o be_v cast_v away_o wherein_o perish_v the_o king_n two_o son_n william_n who_o be_v legitimate_a and_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n and_o richard_n his_o base_a son_n together_o with_o his_o daughter_n and_o niece_n and_o several_a other_o of_o his_o nobility_n to_o the_o number_n in_o all_o of_o 150_o person_n this_o unparalleled_a loss_n of_o so_o many_o kindred_n and_o friend_n do_v not_o perplex_v his_o mind_n so_o long_o but_o that_o within_o a_o short_a time_n he_o begin_v to_o solace_v and_o raise_v his_o droop_a spirit_n with_o the_o thought_n of_o a_o new_a wife_n and_o have_v marry_v adelice_n a.d._n 1118_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o louvain_n he_o purpose_v to_o go_v against_o wales_n and_o have_v prepare_v his_o force_n he_o lead_v they_o in_o person_n to_o powys-land_n when_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o eineon_n madawc_n and_o morgan_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o country_n hear_v of_o it_o they_o send_v to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n desire_v some_o help_n at_o his_o hand_n who_o flat_o refuse_v assure_v they_o that_o because_o he_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o can_v neither_o with_o honour_n nor_o safety_n send_v they_o any_o succour_n nor_o permit_v they_o to_o come_v within_o his_o dominion_n the_o lord_n of_o powy_n receive_v this_o unwelcome_a answer_n and_o have_v now_o no_o manner_n of_o hope_n of_o any_o aid_n be_v resolve_v however_o to_o defend_v themselves_o as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v and_o therefore_o they_o think_v it_o the_o most_o effectual_a mean_n to_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o enter_v into_o the_o country_n be_v to_o observe_v and_o defend_v the_o strait_n by_o which_o the_o enemy_n must_v of_o necessity_n pass_v neither_o be_v they_o out_o in_o their_o policy_n for_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o king_n himself_o with_o a_o small_a number_n advance_v to_o one_o of_o these_o narrow_a passage_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o carriage_n have_v take_v some_o compass_n about_o which_o the_o welsh_a perceive_v present_o pour_v a_o shower_n of_o arrow_n upon_o they_o and_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o ground_n give_v help_n to_o their_o execution_n they_o slay_v and_o wound_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o english_a the_o king_n himself_o be_v strike_v in_o the_o breast_n but_o for_o all_o that_o the_o arrow_n can_v not_o hurt_v he_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o armour_n yet_o he_o be_v so_o terrify_v with_o this_o unexpected_a conflict_n and_o consider_v with_o himself_o that_o he_o must_v receive_v several_a such_o brush_n before_o he_o can_v advance_v to_o the_o plain_a country_n and_o what_o be_v above_o all_o be_v sensible_a that_o by_o such_o rash_a misfortune_n he_o may_v lose_v all_o the_o honour_n and_o fame_n which_o he_o have_v before_o obtain_v send_v a_o message_n to_o parley_v with_o they_o who_o keep_v the_o passage_n and_o with_o all_o assurance_n of_o safety_n to_o desire_v they_o to_o come_v to_o the_o king_n the_o welsh_a be_v come_v and_o question_v how_o they_o have_v such_o confidence_n to_o oppose_v the_o king_n and_o to_o put_v his_o life_n in_o so_o much_o danger_n make_v answer_n that_o they_o belong_v to_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o according_a to_o their_o master_n order_n they_o be_v
they_o place_v themselves_o in_o a_o ambuscade_n and_o when_o the_o game_n come_v that_o way_n they_o unexpected_o set_v upon_o the_o unarmed_a sports-man_n and_o have_v easy_o make_v all_o the_o rest_n fly_v away_o they_o wound_v cadelh_n so_o cruel_o that_o he_o narrow_o escape_v their_o hand_n alive_a who_o make_v shift_n to_o get_v home_o lay_v for_o a_o long_a time_n dangerous_o ill_a and_o with_o great_a difficulty_n at_o length_n recover_v his_o life_n upon_o this_o his_o brother_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n pass_v with_o a_o army_n into_o gwyr_n and_o have_v burn_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n thereabouts_o they_o besiege_v and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o aberlhychwr_n but_o find_v they_o can_v not_o keep_v it_o they_o raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o after_o that_o return_v home_o with_o great_a booty_n to_o dynefawr_n and_o repair_v the_o fortification_n of_o the_o castle_n there_o about_o the_o same_o time_n also_o howel_n prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n son_n fortify_v humphry_n castle_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o caletwr_n a.d._n 1151_o but_o the_o follow_a year_n prince_n owen_n do_v a_o very_a barbarous_a action_n to_o cunetha_n his_o brother_n cadwalhon_n son_n for_o fear_v lest_o that_o this_o young_a man_n shall_v lay_v claim_n to_o any_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n as_o his_o father_n be_v right_a he_o first_o pull_v out_o his_o eye_n and_o afterward_o castrate_v he_o for_o fear_v he_o shall_v beget_v any_o child_n who_o may_v some_o time_n or_o other_o renew_v their_o claim_n and_o right_a to_o cadwalhon_n estate_n this_o inhuman_a severity_n be_v succeed_v by_o another_o of_o no_o small_a remark_n lhewelyn_n son_n to_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n have_v watch_v a_o convenient_a opportunity_n set_v upon_o and_o slay_v stephen_n the_o son_n of_o baldwin_n but_o cadwallader_n prince_n owen_n brother_n after_o a_o tedious_a imprisonment_n which_o he_o have_v sustain_v through_o the_o malice_n and_o rancour_n of_o his_o nephew_n howel_n at_o length_n make_v his_o escape_n and_o fly_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n bring_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o that_o island_n under_o his_o subjection_n but_o prince_n owen_n hear_v how_o that_o his_o brother_n have_v get_v loose_a from_o custody_n and_o that_o he_o be_v in_o actual_a possession_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o anglesey_n he_o present_o dispatch_v a_o army_n over_o which_o prove_v too_o formidable_a to_o cadwalader_n party_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o escape_v to_o england_n and_o to_o desire_v succour_n from_o his_o wife_n relation_n who_o be_v the_o daughter_n of_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o clare_n this_o year_n galfrede_n arthur_n common_o call_v geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n be_v make_v bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n simon_n archdeacon_n of_o cyfeilioc_n a_o man_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o esteem_n in_o his_o country_n die_v but_o the_o year_n follow_v meredith_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n a.d._n 1152_o of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n lay_v siege_n to_o penwedic_n castle_n which_o belong_v to_o howel_n prince_n owen_n son_n and_o after_o great_a pain_n and_o considerable_a loss_n of_o man_n of_o their_o side_n at_o last_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o from_o thence_o they_o march_v by_o night_n to_o tenby_n and_o unexpected_o fall_v upon_o the_o castle_n of_o which_o one_o william_n fitzgerald_n be_v governor_n they_o scale_v the_o wall_n before_o the_o garrison_n be_v aware_a of_o any_o danger_n and_o so_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o castle_n they_o fall_v foul_a upon_o the_o garrison_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o mischief_n they_o have_v do_v and_o further_o design_v to_o their_o brother_n cadelh_n for_o cadelh_n at_o this_o time_n be_v go_v upon_o a_o pilgrimage_n and_o during_o his_o absence_n have_v commit_v his_o whole_a inheritance_n and_o all_o other_o concern_v in_o wales_n to_o the_o care_n of_o his_o brethren_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n but_o after_o the_o take_a tenby-castle_n they_o divide_v their_o army_n into_o two_o party_n with_o one_o of_o which_o rhys_n march_v to_o ystratcongen_n and_o after_o great_a havoc_n and_o waste_v commit_v there_o he_o pass_v to_o cyfeilioc_n which_o fare_v in_o like_a manner_n with_o ystratcongen_n meredith_n with_o the_o other_o party_n sit_v before_o aberavan-castle_n and_o after_o a_o short_a siege_n win_v and_o get_v possession_n of_o it_o and_o then_o return_v home_o with_o very_o considerable_a booty_n and_o many_o rich_a spoil_n about_o the_o same_o time_n rondel_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o have_v live_v in_o continual_a enmity_n and_o frequent_a hostility_n with_o prince_n owen_n of_o north-wales_n depart_v this_o life_n leave_v his_o son_n hugh_n to_o enjoy_v both_o his_o title_n and_o estate_n in_o england_n and_o to_o prosecute_v the_o feud_n and_o hostility_n against_o the_o welsh_a a.d._n 1153_o and_o short_o after_o die_v meredith_n son_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o cardigan_n ystratywy_n and_o dyfed_a be_v not_o pass_v the_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o his_o age_n a_o person_n of_o incomparable_a valour_n and_o audacity_n and_o in_o all_o his_o warlike_a attempt_n and_o achievement_n very_o fortunate_a he_o be_v present_o follow_v by_o geoffrey_n bishop_n of_o llandaf_n a_o man_n as_o famous_a for_o learning_n and_o a_o good_a life_n as_o the_o other_o be_v for_o masculine_a bravery_n and_o martial_a prowess_n in_o england_n the_o face_n of_o thing_n look_v very_o lower_v henry_n surname_v shortmantel_n the_o empress_n son_n land_v in_o england_n and_o in_o his_o progress_n through_o the_o country_n take_v several_a castle_n among_o which_o be_v malmesbury_n wallingford_n and_o shrewsbury_n but_o his_o fury_n be_v quick_o appease_v by_o the_o death_n of_o eustace_n king_n stephen_n son_n so_o that_o the_o sole_a obstacle_n for_o his_o succeed_a to_o the_o crown_n be_v now_o remove_v he_o willing_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n stephen_n permit_v he_o to_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n peaceable_o for_o his_o life_n upon_o condition_n a._n d_o 1154_o that_o himself_o be_v declare_v his_o successor_n but_o king_n stephen_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v this_o treaty_n and_o then_o henry_n plantagenet_n the_o empress_z son_n be_v crown_v in_o a.d._n 1155_o his_o stead_n towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o king_n henry_n reign_n rhys_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n king_n of_o south_n wales_n upon_o apprehension_n that_o owen_n gwynedh_n have_v raise_v a_o army_n for_o the_o conquest_n of_o south-wales_n draw_v together_o all_o his_o strength_n and_o march_v to_o aberdyfi_n to_o face_v the_o enemy_n upon_o their_o own_o border_n but_o find_v the_o rumour_n to_o be_v false_a and_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n have_v no_o such_o design_n in_o hand_n have_v build_v a_o castle_n at_o aberdyfi_n which_o may_v defend_v the_o frontier_n from_o any_o future_a design_n of_o his_o country_n he_o return_v back_o without_o attempt_v any_o thing_n far_o at_o the_o same_o time_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n build_v a_o castle_n at_o caereneon_n near_o cymer_n and_o then_o eglwys_n fair_a in_o myfot_o be_v found_v about_o this_o time_n also_o meyric_n nephew_n to_o prince_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o prison_n wherein_o he_o have_v be_v detain_v by_o his_o uncle_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n the_o same_o year_n king_n henry_n be_v displease_v with_o the_o fleming_n who_o his_o predecessor_n king_n stephen_n have_v bring_v over_o into_o england_n issue_v out_o a_o proclamation_n charge_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o to_o depart_v his_o dominion_n and_o to_o retire_v to_o their_o countryman_n in_o west-wales_n where_o his_o grandfather_n henry_n the_o first_o the_o bastard_n son_n have_v plant_v they_o and_o thus_o that_o part_n of_o wales_n call_v pembrokeshire_n be_v overrun_v with_o these_o stranger_n who_o be_v better_a befriend_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n than_o the_o welsh_a can_v well_o expect_v to_o be_v make_v sure_a foot_n in_o that_o country_n where_o they_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v firm_a it_o be_v the_o english_a policy_n of_o those_o time_n to_o accept_v of_o any_o opportunity_n to_o curb_v and_o keep_v under_o the_o welsh_a who_o they_o experience_v to_o be_v none_o of_o the_o safe_a neighbour_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v grant_v any_o land_n and_o privilege_n in_o wales_n to_o any_o that_o will_v accept_v of_o they_o which_o honest_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o bestow_v but_o this_o be_v not_o enough_o in_o detriment_n to_o the_o welsh_a a.d._n 1156_o for_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n henry_n raise_v a_o very_a great_a army_n which_o he_o gather_v from_o all_o part_n of_o england_n with_o purpose_n to_o subdue_v all_o north-wales_n be_v principal_o move_v hereto_o by_o the_o instigation_n of_o cadwallader_n the_o prince_n brother_n who_o owen_n gwynedh_n for_o what_o reason_n not_o
know_v deprive_v of_o his_o estate_n and_o banish_v the_o country_n also_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powis_n who_o malign_v the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n who_o own_a subjection_n to_o no_o other_o than_o the_o king_n of_o england_n whereas_o those_o of_o powis_n be_v oblige_v to_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n do_v joint_o consent_v to_o this_o invitation_n the_o king_n of_o england_n accept_v of_o their_o proposal_n lead_v his_o army_n to_o west-chester_n and_o encamp_v upon_o the_o marsh_n call_v saltney_n in_o welsh_a morfa-caer-lleon_a prince_n owen_n all_o this_o while_n be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o this_o intend_a invasion_n and_o therefore_o have_v make_v all_o possible_a preparation_n to_o confront_v the_o enemy_n he_o march_v his_o army_n to_o the_o frontier_n of_o england_n and_o encamp_v at_o basingwerk_n resolve_v to_o give_v the_o english_a battle_n king_n henry_n understanding_n of_o the_o prince_n resolution_n detach_v some_o of_o the_o chief_a troop_n out_o of_o the_o main-body_n under_o the_o command_n of_o several_a earl_n and_o other_o lord_n and_o send_v they_o towards_o the_o prince_n camp_n but_o after_o they_o have_v advance_v some_o little_a way_n and_o be_v pass_v through_o a_o wood_n call_v coed-eulo_a david_n and_o conan_n prince_n owen_n son_n unexpected_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o what_o by_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o suddeness_n of_o the_o action_n the_o english_a be_v bear_v down_o with_o a_o great_a slaughter_n and_o those_o who_o survive_v narrow_o escape_v to_o the_o king_n camp_n this_o be_v a_o very_a unwelcome_a beginning_n to_o king_n henry_n but_o however_o in_o order_n to_o prosper_v better_a hereafter_o he_o think_v it_o advisable_v to_o decamp_v from_o saltney_n and_o to_o rank_v his_o troop_n along_o the_o sea-coast_n think_v thereby_o to_o get_v betwixt_o prince_n owen_n and_o his_o country_n which_o if_o he_o can_v effect_v he_o be_v sure_a to_o reduce_v the_o welsh_a to_o a_o very_a great_a inconveniency_n but_o the_o prince_n foresee_v the_o danger_n of_o this_o retire_v with_o his_o army_n to_o a_o place_n call_v cîl_a owen_n that_o be_v owen_n retreat_n which_o when_o king_n henry_n perceive_v he_o let_v fall_v his_o design_n 5._o lib._n 2._o cap._n 5._o and_o come_v to_o ruthlan_n w._n parnus_n write_v that_o in_o this_o expedition_n against_o the_o welsh_a king_n henry_n be_v in_o great_a danger_n of_o his_o life_n in_o pass_v through_o a_o strait_a at_o counsylth_n near_o flint_n where_o henry_n earl_n of_o essex_n who_o by_o inheritance_n enjoy_v the_o office_n of_o bear_v the_o standard_n of_o england_n be_v overcharge_v by_o the_o enemy_n cast_v down_o the_o same_o and_o flee_v this_o accident_n so_o encourage_v the_o welsh_a that_o they_o bear_v on_o so_o violent_o that_o the_o king_n himself_o narrow_o escape_v have_v of_o his_o party_n eustace_n fitz-john_n and_o rob._n curcie_o two_o valiant_a knight_n together_z with_o several_z other_o of_o his_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n slay_v in_o the_o action_n after_o this_o prince_n owen_n decamp_v from_o cîl_n owen_n and_o entrench_v himself_o upon_o bryn_n y_fw-fr pin_n where_o little_a of_o moment_n pass_v betwixt_o the_o two_o army_n only_o some_o slight_a skirmish_n happen_v frequent_o king_n henry_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o ruthlan_n and_o during_o his_o stay_n there_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powis_n sail_v with_o the_o english_a fleet_n to_o anglesey_n and_o have_v put_v some_o man_n on_o shore_n they_o burn_v two_o church_n and_o ravage_v part_n of_o the_o country_n about_o but_o they_o pay_v very_o dear_a for_o it_o for_o all_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o island_n be_v meet_v together_o they_o set_v upon_o they_o in_o their_o return_n to_o their_o ship_n and_o cut_v they_o off_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o not_o one_o remain_v to_o bring_v tiding_n to_o the_o fleet_n of_o what_o have_v befall_v they_o but_o they_o on_o board_n quick_o perceive_v what_o have_v happen_v and_o therefore_o think_v it_o not_o very_o safe_a harbour_v upon_o that_o coast_n but_o judge_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o weigh_v anchor_n they_o present_o set_v sail_n for_o chester_n when_o they_o be_v arrive_v thither_o they_o find_v that_o a_o peace_n be_v actual_o conclude_v betwixt_o king_n henry_n and_o prince_n owen_n upon_o these_o article_n that_o cadwallader_n shall_v have_v all_o his_o land_n restore_v to_o he_o and_o he_o receive_v to_o the_o favour_n and_o friendship_n of_o his_o brother_n then_o king_n henry_n leave_v the_o castle_n of_o ruthlan_n and_o basingwerk_n well_o man_v and_o fortify_v and_o have_v near_o the_o latter_a found_v a_o public_a structure_n for_o the_o order_n of_o knight_n templar_n return_v to_o england_n but_o the_o trouble_n of_o wales_n do_v not_o end_v with_o he_o for_o jorwerdh_n goch_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n who_o have_v take_v part_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n during_o this_o war_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o yale_n which_o be_v build_v by_o prince_n owen_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n the_o next_o year_n commence_v with_o a_o very_a unfortunate_a a.d._n 1157_o action_n ifor_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n have_v long_o before_o cast_v a_o very_a wishful_a eye_n upon_o the_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o morgan_n ab_fw-la owen_n be_v now_o resolve_v to_o put_v in_o execution_n what_o he_o have_v before_o contrive_v and_o as_o covetousness_n seldom_o bear_v any_o regard_n to_o virtue_n or_o honour_n he_o treacherous_o set_v upon_o he_o and_o slay_v he_o and_o with_o he_o fell_a gurgan_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n the_o most_o famous_a british_a poet_n of_o his_o time_n morgan_n estate_n ifor_n bestow_v upon_o his_o brother_n jorwerth_n who_o about_o the_o same_o time_n get_v also_o possession_n of_o the_o town_n of_o caerlheon_a but_o these_o inward_a and_o home-bread_n disturbance_n be_v quick_o mitigate_v by_o a_o general_a peace_n which_o be_v present_o after_o this_o conclude_v betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o all_o the_o prince_n and_o lord_n of_o wales_n rhys_n ab_fw-la gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n only_o except_v for_o this_o prince_n rhys_n who_o probable_o will_v not_o rely_v too_o far_o upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n fidelity_n refuse_v to_o consent_n to_o a_o peace_n but_o however_o to_o secure_v himself_o the_o best_a he_o can_v from_o the_o english_a who_o he_o have_v no_o small_a reason_n to_o be_v afraid_a of_o he_o think_v it_o his_o best_a prudence_n to_o issue_n out_o his_o order_n command_v his_o subject_n to_o remove_v their_o cattle_n and_o other_o effect_n to_o the_o wilderness_n of_o tywy_n where_o they_o be_v like_a to_o remain_v secure_a from_o the_o eye_n and_o reach_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o he_o have_v not_o continue_v there_o long_o when_o he_o receive_v a_o more_o positive_a express_v from_o king_n henry_n command_v he_o to_o appear_v forthwith_o at_o his_o court_n and_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o proposal_n of_o peace_n before_o the_o joint_a force_n of_o england_n and_o wales_n be_v send_v to_o fetch_v he_o up_o prince_n rhys_n have_v receive_v such_o a_o threaten_a message_n think_v it_o now_o high_a time_n to_o repent_v of_o what_o he_o have_v afore_o so_o rash_o resolve_v upon_o and_o therefore_o after_o long_a consultation_n he_o judge_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o accept_v of_o the_o king_n proposal_n and_o to_o appear_v at_o court_n there_o it_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o rhys_n who_o land_n heretofore_o lay_v scatter_v about_o and_o be_v intermix_v with_o other_o person_n be_v estate_n shall_v enjoy_v cantref_o mawr_z and_o any_o other_o cantref_o which_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v please_v to_o bestow_v upon_o he_o but_o contrary_a to_o this_o article_n the_o king_n assign_v he_o several_a lordship_n and_o other_o land_n far_o remote_a from_o each_o other_o and_o particular_o intermix_v they_o with_o the_o estate_n of_o englishman_n who_o he_o be_v sure_a will_v be_v a_o watch_n and_o a_o curb_n to_o all_o the_o motion_n of_o prince_n rhys_n this_o be_v indeed_o a_o very_a politic_a contrivance_n or_o king_n henry_n to_o keep_v under_o the_o high_a and_o restless_a spirit_n of_o rhys_n but_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o action_n do_v not_o so_o evident_o appear_v in_o break_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a article_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o chap_a and_o bestow_v that_o which_o be_v not_o just_o in_o his_o power_n to_o give_v but_o it_o be_v manifest_o apparent_a that_o the_o english_a of_o these_o time_n be_v main_o concern_v right_a or_o wrong_n to_o oppress_v and_o keep_v under_o the_o welsh_a of_o who_o mortal_a hatred_n to_o subjection_n they_o have_v so_o frequent_o and_o so_o cruel_o feel_v prince_n rhys_n be_v not_o at_o all_o ignorant_a of_o these_o
wrongful_a and_o deceitful_a deal_n of_o king_n henry_n but_o know_v himself_o to_o be_v unable_a to_o redress_v these_o grievance_n he_o think_v it_o more_o advisible_a for_o a_o time_n to_o live_v quiet_o with_o a_o little_a than_o rash_o to_o hazard_v all_o but_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o have_v opportunity_n either_o to_o demand_v redress_n from_o the_o king_n or_o else_o to_o endeavour_v it_o himself_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n for_o as_o soon_o as_o roger_n earl_n of_o clare_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o distribution_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v grant_v to_o prince_n rhys_n he_o come_v to_o king_n henry_n request_v of_o his_o majesty_n that_o he_o will_v grant_v he_o such_o land_n in_o wales_n as_o he_o can_v win_v by_o force_n of_o armâ—_n the_o king_n ready_o comply_v with_o his_o request_n be_v always_o very_o forward_o to_o grant_v any_o thing_n which_o seem_v to_o curb_v and_o discommode_v the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n march_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o cardigan_n and_o have_v fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o ystratmeyric_a humphrey_n dyfi_n dynerth_n and_o lhanrhystyd_n he_o make_v several_a incursion_n into_o the_o country_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n walter_n clyfford_v who_o be_v governor_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n castle_n make_v inroad_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o prince_n rhys_n and_o after_o he_o have_v slay_v several_a of_o the_o welsh_a and_o make_v great_a waste_n in_o the_o country_n return_v with_o considerable_a booty_n prince_n rhys_n as_o he_o be_v unable_a to_o bear_v these_o outrage_n so_o he_o be_v resolve_v either_o to_o have_v immediate_a redress_n or_o else_o to_o proclaim_v open_a war_n against_o the_o english_a and_o therefore_o he_o send_v a_o express_a to_o king_n henry_n complain_v of_o the_o hostility_n which_o his_o subject_n the_o earl_n of_o clare_n and_o walter_n clifford_n have_v commit_v in_o in_o his_o country_n but_o find_v the_o king_n to_o put_v he_o still_o off_o with_o only_a smooth_a word_n and_o fair_a promise_n and_o that_o he_o always_o wink_v at_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o english_a and_o norman_n without_o any_o far_a consultation_n about_o the_o matter_n he_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n and_o in_o short_a time_n make_v himself_o matter_n of_o it_o also_o eineon_n the_o son_n of_o anarawd_n rhy_n brother_n son_n and_o a_o person_n of_o great_a valour_n be_v desirous_a to_o free_v his_o country_n from_o that_o miserable_a servitude_n they_o now_o groan_v under_o and_o judge_v withal_o that_o his_o uncle_n be_v now_o discharge_v from_o the_o oath_n he_o have_v late_o swear_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n sit_v before_o the_o castle_n of_o humphrey_n and_o have_v forcible_o make_v his_o entrance_n into_o it_o he_o put_v all_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n where_o he_o find_v a_o great_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o armour_n enough_o to_o arm_v a_o considerable_a body_n of_o man_n and_o whilst_o eineon_n be_v thus_o engage_v at_o humphrey_n castle_n prince_n rhys_n perceive_v that_o he_o can_v not_o enjoy_v any_o part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n but_o what_o he_o afterward_o get_v by_o the_o sword_n draw_v all_o his_o power_n together_o and_o enter_v cardigan_n where_o like_o a_o most_o violent_a torrent_n he_o overrun_v the_o country_n that_o he_o leave_v not_o one_o castle_n stand_v of_o those_o which_o his_o enemy_n have_v fortify_v and_o so_o bring_v all_o the_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n king_n henry_n be_v sore_o offend_v at_o the_o progress_n which_o prince_n rhys_n so_o sudden_o make_v against_o he_o return_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o south-wales_n but_o find_v it_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o prince_n he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o permit_v he_o to_o enjoy_v all_o that_o he_o have_v get_v and_o only_o to_o take_v hostage_n for_o his_o observe_v of_o peace_n during_o his_o absence_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o prince_n rhys_n promise_v to_o do_v he_o forthwith_o return_v to_o england_n and_o soon_o after_o go_v for_o normandy_n where_o he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o french_a king_n a.d._n 1158_o but_o the_o year_n follow_v prince_n rhys_n of_o south-wales_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o his_o promise_n to_o king_n henry_n last_o year_n lead_v his_o force_n to_o dyfed_a and_o destroy_v all_o the_o castle_n that_o the_o norman_n have_v fortify_v in_o that_o country_n and_o then_o lay_v siege_n to_o caermardhyn_n but_o reynold_n earl_n of_o bristol_n the_o king_n be_v base_a son_n be_v inform_v of_o it_o call_v together_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n his_o brother-in-law_n cadwallader_n prince_n owen_n of_o north-wales's_a brother_n howel_n and_o conan_n owen_n son_n with_o two_o earl_n more_o who_o with_o their_o joint_a force_n march_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n but_o prince_n rhys_n be_v wise_a than_o to_o abide_v their_o come_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o first_o intimation_n of_o such_o great_a opposition_n he_o retire_v to_o the_o mountain_n call_v cefn_n rester_fw-fr and_o there_o encamp_v be_v sufficient_o secure_a from_o any_o enemy_n by_o the_o natural_a fortification_n of_o the_o place_n the_o confederate_a army_n lie_v at_o dynwylhîr_n and_o there_o build_v a_o castle_n but_o find_v no_o news_n or_o tiding_n of_o prince_n rhys_n they_o return_v home_o without_o effect_v any_o thing_n of_o note_n king_n henry_n be_v still_o in_o normandy_n and_o there_o make_v war_n against_o the_o earl_n of_o st._n giles_n for_o the_o city_n and_o earldom_n of_o tholouse_n towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o year_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n prince_n of_o powis_n die_v at_o winchester_n whence_o his_o body_n be_v honourable_o convey_v to_o powis_n and_o bury_v at_o myfod_n he_o be_v a_o prince_n very_o much_o affect_v to_o piety_n and_o religion_n very_o charitable_a to_o the_o necessitous_a and_o good_a to_o the_o distress_a but_o his_o great_a fault_n be_v that_o he_o stickle_v too_o hard_o for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o english_a and_o be_v always_o in_o confederacy_n with_o king_n henry_n against_o the_o good_a success_n of_o his_o native_a country_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n susanna_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n three_o son_n gruffydh_n maylor_n owen_n and_o elis_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v mar_v he_o have_v also_o three_o natural_a son_n owen_n brogynton_n cynwric_n efelh_n and_o eineon_n efelh_n who_o though_o base_a bear_v yet_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n co-inherited_n with_o their_o brethren_n who_o be_v legitimate_a and_o here_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o once_o for_o all_o to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o principality_n afterward_o the_o lordship_n of_o powis_n how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o many_o share_n and_o portion_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n become_v so_o irrecoverable_o break_v and_o weaken_v that_o it_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o norman_n before_o the_o rest_n of_o wales_n for_o powis_n before_o king_n offa_n time_n reach_v eastward_o to_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n and_o dee_n in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o the_o end_n of_o broxen_n hill_n to_o salop_n and_o comprehend_v all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o wye_n and_o severn_n which_o be_v ancient_o the_o estate_n of_o brochwel_n yscithroc_n of_o who_o mention_n be_v make_v before_o but_o after_o the_o make_n of_o offa_n dike_n powis_n be_v contract_v into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n the_o plain_a country_n towards_o salop_n be_v inhabit_v by_o saxon_n and_o norman_n so_o that_o the_o length_n of_o it_o reach_v north-east_n from_o pulford-bridge_n to_o lhangiric-parish_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o cardiganshire_n to_o the_o south-west_n and_o the_o breadth_n from_o the_o far_a part_n of_o cyfeilioc_n westward_n to_o elsmere_n on_o the_o east-side_n this_o principality_n roderic_n the_o great_a give_v to_o his_o young_a son_n merfyn_n in_o who_o posterity_n it_o remain_v entire_a till_o the_o death_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n who_o though_o he_o have_v divide_v it_o betwixt_o his_o son_n meredith_n and_o cadwgan_n yet_o it_o come_v again_o whole_a and_o entire_a to_o the_o possession_n of_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n but_o he_o again_o break_v the_o union_n and_o leave_v it_o between_o his_o two_o son_n madawe_n and_o gruffydh_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v marry_v to_o susanna_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o have_v with_o she_o that_o part_n afterward_o call_v by_o his_o name_n powis_n fadoc_n after_o his_o death_n this_o lordship_n be_v divide_v also_o betwixt_o his_o son_n gruffydh_n maelor_n owen_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n and_o owen_n brogynton_n which_o last_o though_o base_o bear_v have_v however_o for_o his_o incomparable_a valour_n and_o courage_n a_o share_n of_o his_o father_n estate_n namely_o
the_o queen_n his_o mother_n his_o brother_n geffrey_n and_o richard_n the_o french_a king_n the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n together_o with_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n william_n patrick_n with_o several_a other_o valiant_a knight_n and_o gentleman_n but_o the_o old_a king_n have_v a_o stout_a and_o a_o faithful_a army_n consist_v of_o almains_n and_o brabanter_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o dismay_v or_o discourage_v at_o such_o a_o seem_a storm_n and_o which_o make_v he_o more_o bold_a and_o adventurous_a he_o be_v join_v by_o a_o strong_a party_n of_o welshman_n which_o lord_n rhys_n have_v send_v he_o under_o the_o command_n of_o his_o son_n howel_n king_n henry_n overthrow_v his_o enemy_n in_o divers_a encounter_n and_o have_v either_o kill_v or_o take_v prisoner_n most_o of_o they_o who_o be_v rise_v up_o against_o he_o he_o easy_o dissipate_v the_o cloud_n which_o at_o first_o seem_v so_o black_a and_o threaten_a jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n be_v not_o very_o sorry_a to_o see_v the_o english_a clash_n and_o fall_v into_o civil_a dissension_n among_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o take_v advantage_n of_o such_o a_o seasonable_a opportunity_n he_o draw_v his_o army_n against_o caerlheon_n which_o stand_v out_o very_o stiff_o against_o he_o but_o after_o many_o warm_a dispute_n of_o both_o side_n jorwerth_n at_o length_n prevail_v and_o enter_v the_o town_n by_o force_n he_o take_v most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n prisoner_n and_o then_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n it_o be_v surrender_v up_o in_o exchange_n for_o the_o prisoner_n he_o have_v take_v in_o the_o town_n howel_n his_o son_n at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v busy_a in_o gwent_n î_v coed_n and_o have_v reduce_v all_o that_o country_n except_v the_o castle_n to_o subjection_n he_o take_v pledge_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o he_o and_o to_o withdraw_v their_o allegiance_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o the_o same_o time_n something_o of_o action_n pass_v in_o north-wales_n for_o david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi prince_n of_o north-wales_n bring_v a_o army_n over_o the_o river_n menai_n into_o anglesey_n against_o his_o brother_n maelgon_n who_o keep_v that_o island_n from_o he_o force_v he_o to_o make_v his_o escape_n to_o ireland_n in_o his_o return_n from_o whence_o the_o follow_a year_n he_o be_v accidental_o discover_v and_o seize_v upon_o and_o then_o by_o his_o brother_n order_n commit_v to_o close_a prison_n prince_n david_n have_v bring_v the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n to_o its_o pristine_a state_n of_o subjection_n to_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o move_v all_o manner_n of_o obstacle_n which_o may_v at_o any_o time_n for_o the_o future_a endanger_v its_o fall_n off_o from_o he_o and_o these_o he_o judge_v to_o be_v his_o own_o next_o relation_n a.d._n 1174_o and_o therefore_o he_o expel_v and_o banish_v all_o his_o brethren_n and_o cousin_n out_o of_o his_o territory_n of_o north-wales_n but_o before_o this_o sentence_n be_v put_v in_o execution_n his_o brother_n conan_n die_v and_o so_o escape_v the_o ignominy_n of_o be_v banish_v his_o native_a country_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o the_o jealousy_n of_o a_o ambitious_a brother_n about_o the_o same_o time_n howel_n the_o son_n of_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n of_o caerlheon_n take_v prisoner_n his_o uncle_n owen_n pencarn_n who_o be_v right_a heir_n of_o caerlheon_n and_o gwent_n and_o now_o have_v he_o secure_a and_o to_o prevent_v his_o get_v any_o child_n to_o inherit_v those_o place_n which_o himself_o be_v next_o heir_n to_o he_o first_o pull_v out_o his_o eye_n and_o then_o very_o inhuman_o cut_v off_o his_o testicle_n but_o vengeance_n do_v not_o permit_v such_o a_o base_a action_n to_o go_v unpunished_a for_o upon_o the_o saturday_n follow_v a_o great_a army_n of_o norman_n and_o englishman_n come_v unexpected_o before_o the_o town_n and_o wan_a both_o it_o and_o the_o castle_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o opposition_n which_o howel_n and_o his_o father_n jorwerth_n make_v though_o this_o last_o be_v not_o privy_a to_o his_o son_n action_n about_o the_o same_o time_n king_n henry_n come_v over_o to_o england_n a_o little_a after_o who_o arrival_n william_n king_n of_o scot_n and_o roger_n de_fw-fr mowbray_n be_v take_v prisoner_n at_o alnewike_n by_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o north_n as_o they_o come_v to_o destroy_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o country_n in_o the_o quarrel_n of_o the_o young_a king_n but_o old_a king_n henry_n have_v commit_v they_o to_o the_o safe_a custody_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n and_o receive_v hugh_n bygod_n earl_n of_o chester_n to_o his_o mercy_n return_v to_o normandy_n with_o a_o very_a considerable_a army_n of_o welshman_n which_o david_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n have_v send_v he_o in_o return_n of_o which_o he_o give_v he_o his_o sister_n emme_n in_o marriage_n when_o he_o be_v arrive_v in_o normandy_n he_o send_v a_o detachment_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o cut_v off_o some_o provision_n which_o be_v go_v to_o the_o enemy_n camp_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o french_a king_n come_v to_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n which_o be_v short_o afterward_o conclude_v upon_o so_o that_o all_o the_o brethren_n who_o have_v all_o this_o time_n maintain_v such_o a_o unnatural_a rebellion_n against_o their_o father_n be_v force_v to_o beg_v the_o old_a king_n forgiveness_n and_o pardon_n for_o all_o their_o former_a misdemeanour_n david_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n begin_v to_o grow_v very_o bold_a and_o assume_v by_o reason_n of_o his_o new_a alliance_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o nothing_o will_v serve_v his_o turn_n but_o he_o must_v put_v his_o brother_n roderic_n in_o prison_n and_o secure_v he_o with_o fetter_n for_o no_o other_o account_n than_o because_o he_o demandod_n his_o share_n of_o his_o father_n land_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o wales_n as_o be_v say_v before_o to_o make_v a_o equal_a division_n of_o the_o father_n inheritance_n between_o all_o the_o child_n and_o therefore_o david_n have_v no_o colour_n of_o reason_n or_o pretence_n to_o deal_v so_o severe_o with_o his_o brother_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o verify_v that_o proverb_n may_v overcome_v right_o but_o though_o prince_n david_n may_v depend_v much_o upon_o his_o affinity_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n yet_o rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n gain_v his_o favour_n and_o countenance_n the_o more_o by_o reason_n that_o he_o let_v slip_v no_o opportunity_n to_o further_o the_o king_n interest_n and_o affair_n in_o wales_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n be_v a_o very_a necessary_a and_o useful_a instrument_n to_o keep_v under_o the_o welsh_a and_o to_o promote_v the_o sure_a settlement_n of_o the_o english_a in_o the_o country_n not_o that_o he_o bear_v any_o love_n or_o affection_n to_o either_o king_n henry_n or_o his_o subject_n but_o because_o he_o be_v sufficient_o reward_v for_o former_a service_n and_o be_v still_o in_o expectation_n of_o receive_v more_o favour_n at_o the_o king_n hand_n he_o be_v resolve_v to_o play_v the_o politician_n so_o far_o as_o to_o have_v regard_n to_o his_o own_o interest_n more_o than_o the_o good_a of_o his_o native_a country_n and_o what_o do_v ingratiate_v he_o to_o king_n henry_n most_o of_o all_o upon_o the_o feast_n of_o s._n james_n he_o bring_v all_o such_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n as_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o the_o king_n to_o do_v he_o homage_n at_o gloucester_n namely_o cadwalhon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madawc_n of_o melyenyth_n his_o cousin-german_a eineon_n clyt_v of_o eluel_n and_o eineon_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n of_o gwerthrynion_n his_o son_n in_o law_n morgan_z ap_fw-mi caradoc_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n of_o glamorgan_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi ifor_n ap_fw-mi meiric_n of_o sengennyth_n and_o sitsylht_v ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n of_o high_a ggo_v all_o three_o his_o brother_n in_o law_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o sister_n together_o with_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n of_o caerlheon_n king_n henry_n be_v so_o well_o please_v with_o this_o stratagem_n of_o rhys_n that_o notwithstanding_o these_o person_n have_v be_v his_o implacable_a enemy_n he_o ready_o grant_v they_o their_o pardon_n and_o receive_v they_o to_o favour_n and_o restore_v to_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o caerlheon_n which_o he_o have_v unjust_o take_v from_o he_o a.d._n 1175_o this_o reconciliation_n betwixt_o king_n henry_n and_o these_o welsh_a lord_n some_o of_o the_o english_a in_o wales_n take_v advantage_n of_o and_o more_o particular_o william_n the_o bruce_n lord_n of_o brecnock_n who_o have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n a_o great_a longing_n to_o gwentland_n can_v not_o bring_v about_o his_o design_n by_o reason_n that_o sitsylht_n ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n the_o person_n of_o great_a sway_n and_o power_n in_o the_o country_n be_v a_o inveterate_a enemy_n to_o all_o the_o english_a but_o be_v now_o reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n william_n de_fw-fr
for_o some_o time_n make_v a_o vigorous_a defence_n but_o have_v no_o hope_n of_o any_o relief_n they_o think_v it_o their_o wise_a course_n to_o capitulate_v and_o so_o they_o desire_v they_o may_v march_v out_o with_o their_o arm_n bag_n and_o baggage_n and_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o they_o which_o be_v grant_v they_o about_o this_o time_n likewise_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n who_o the_o king_n have_v hitherto_o detain_v prisoner_n and_o withal_o lend_v he_o some_o force_n to_o attempt_v the_o recovery_n of_o his_o country_n which_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v seize_v upon_o during_o his_o imprisonment_n and_o though_o by_o his_o own_o strength_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o cope_v with_o the_o prince_n yet_o by_o this_o assistance_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o king_n he_o soon_o re-possessâ—d_a himself_o of_o his_o dominion_n this_o success_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n encourage_v maelgon_v likewise_o to_o endeavour_v the_o recovery_n of_o that_o part_n of_o his_o country_n which_o the_o prince_n have_v take_v from_o he_o in_o the_o same_o expedition_n now_o he_o make_v his_o application_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o hereupon_o the_o king_n grant_v he_o a_o considerable_a army_n as_o well_o english_a as_o norman_n to_o these_o he_o join_v what_o force_v he_o can_v raise_v in_o wales_n and_o then_o contrary_a to_o the_o oath_n and_o agreement_n he_o have_v make_v with_o his_o nephew_n rhys_n and_o owen_n he_o in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n enter_v their_o country_n when_o he_o be_v come_v to_o cantre_v penwedic_n he_o encamp_v at_o cilcenny_n where_o he_o stay_v some_o time_n to_o take_v measure_n for_o the_o better_a accomplishment_n of_o his_o design_n by_o this_o time_n his_o nephew_n have_v get_v together_o about_o 300_o choose_v well_o discipline_v man_n but_o with_o so_o small_a a_o number_n dare_v not_o oppose_v their_o uncle_n numerous_a army_n in_o open_a field_n therefore_o they_o be_v to_o endeavour_v to_o overthrow_v those_o by_o a_o stratagem_n which_o they_o can_v not_o do_v by_o main_a force_n herein_o they_o prove_v very_o successful_a for_o come_v as_o near_o their_o enemy_n as_o they_o can_v without_o be_v discover_v they_o send_v out_o their_o spy_n that_o night_n for_o intelligence_n who_o bring_v back_o the_o good_a news_n that_o all_o be_v quiet_a in_o maelgon_n camp_n and_o that_o they_o keep_v no_o strict_a watch_n be_v not_o aware_a of_o a_o approach_a enemy_n this_o intelligence_n mighty_o encourage_v the_o brother_n to_o prosecute_v their_o design_n and_o now_o they_o march_v as_o silent_o as_o they_o can_v towards_o their_o enemy_n camp_n where_o they_o meet_v with_o no_o opposition_n be_v not_o discover_v because_o all_o be_v fast_o asleep_a when_o they_o be_v advance_v as_o they_o think_v as_o far_o as_o maelgon_n tent_n they_o furious_o fall_v on_o and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o man_n afore_o they_o awake_v the_o rest_n be_v frighten_v with_o the_o noise_n and_o shout_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o withal_o think_v their_o number_n to_o be_v far_o great_a than_o it_o be_v be_v glad_a to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n to_o quit_v the_o field_n only_a maelgon_n guard_n valiant_o keep_v their_o post_n and_o defend_v their_o lord_n till_o he_o have_v time_n and_o opportunity_n to_o escape_v but_o maelgon_n army_n suffer_v very_o much_o in_o this_o action_n his_o nephew_n conan_n ap_fw-mi howel_n with_o his_o chief_a counsellor_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n be_v both_o take_v prisoner_n and_o eineon_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n with_o a_o great_a number_n more_o be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n about_o the_o same_o time_n gilbert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o buelht_n where_o a_o little_a before_o he_o have_v lose_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o his_o man_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o place_n be_v not_o very_o strong_a and_o tenable_a and_o towards_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o year_n mallt_n or_o maud_n de_fw-fr bruce_n the_o wife_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n depart_v this_o life_n and_o be_v inter_v by_o her_o husband_n in_o a_o monk_n coul_n in_o ystratflur_n but_o the_o follow_a year_n a_o great_a storm_n threaten_v a.d._n 1210_o north-wales_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o marcher_n make_v frequent_a and_o grievous_a complaint_n to_o king_n john_n how_o that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n perpetual_o molest_v their_o country_n slay_v their_o man_n and_o commit_v all_o the_o waste_n and_o destruction_n possible_a as_o he_o pass_v along_o the_o king_n hear_v of_o such_o intolerable_a depredation_n continual_o exercise_v by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o redress_v his_o subject_n and_o therefore_o he_o raise_v a_o mighty_a army_n throughout_o all_o england_n and_o call_v to_o he_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o prince_n of_o wales_n as_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o patent_n from_o he_o as_o howel_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi who_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v banish_v out_o of_o north-wales_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi maylor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n chirke_n and_o yale_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n lord_n of_o cydewen_n gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n maelgon_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n and_o governor_n of_o south_n wales_n with_o this_o formidable_a army_n he_o come_v to_o chester_n intend_v to_o enter_v into_o north-wales_n by_o that_o way_n and_o be_v full_o resolve_v to_o execute_v the_o severe_a vengeance_n upon_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o not_o to_o let_v one_o live_a soul_n remain_v alive_a throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n but_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v easy_o resolve_v upon_o than_o accomplish_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v no_o soon_o inform_v of_o these_o mighty_a preparation_n against_o he_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a strength_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n and_o what_o be_v worst_a of_o all_o be_v assist_v by_o his_o own_o countryman_n but_o he_o issue_v forth_o his_o order_n command_v all_o his_o subject_n of_o the_o inland_n county_n of_o denbigh_n and_o flint_n together_o with_o they_o of_o the_o island_n of_o anglesey_n to_o remove_v for_o a_o time_n all_o their_o cattle_n and_o other_o effect_n to_o snowden-hill_n where_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o remain_v secure_a from_o their_o enemy_n but_o king_n john_n march_v his_o army_n along_o the_o sea-coast_n to_o ruthlan_n and_o there_o pass_v the_o river_n clwyd_n he_o come_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o teganwy_n where_o he_o encamp_v for_o some_o time_n to_o refresh_v and_o recreate_v his_o army_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_a march_n they_o make_v be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n weary_a and_o fatigued_a but_o what_o the_o more_o augment_v their_o misery_n lhewelyn_n get_v behind_o they_o cut_v off_o all_o their_o hope_n of_o provision_n from_o england_n and_o the_o welsh_a by_o the_o advantage_n of_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o strait_n and_o narrow_a passage_n cut_v off_o all_o that_o straggle_v from_o the_o english_a camp_n so_o that_o in_o time_n they_o be_v glad_a to_o take_v up_o with_o horseflesh_n and_o any_o thing_n be_v it_o never_o so_o mean_a which_o may_v till_o up_o their_o greedy_a and_o empty_a stomach_n at_o last_o king_n john_n find_v no_o other_o remedy_n and_o perceive_v it_o impossible_a to_o continue_v long_o there_o so_o hungry_a and_o fainty_a think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o march_v for_o england_n and_o leave_v the_o welsh_a to_o themselves_o and_o so_o he_o decamp_v in_o a_o great_a fury_n leave_v lhewelyn_n to_o bury_v that_o great_a number_n of_o dead_a which_o have_v starve_v in_o this_o successless_a expedition_n but_o to_o recover_v the_o honour_n he_o have_v now_o lose_v he_o be_v resolve_v to_o try_v another_o touch_n with_o the_o welsh_a but_o possible_o not_o with_o the_o same_o confidence_n and_o assurance_n of_o victory_n and_o therefore_o return_v to_o wales_n in_o the_o next_o august_n he_o enter_v with_o such_o another_o terrible_a army_n of_o english_a and_o be_v assist_v by_o the_o same_o welsh_a lord_n at_o blanchmonastery_n now_o oswestry_n be_v in_o the_o lordship_n of_o john_n the_o son_n of_o william_n fitzalan_n in_o this_o expedition_n king_n john_n pass_v the_o river_n conwey_n and_o encamp_v at_o the_o other_o side_n towards_o snowden-hill_n send_v part_n of_o his_o army_n conduct_v by_o guide_n who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o country_n to_o burn_v bangor_n which_o they_o effectual_o do_v and_o take_v roâ—pert_a bishop_n of_o that_o see_v out_o of_o church_n they_o carry_v he_o prisoner_n to_o the_o english_a camp_n where_o he_o continue_v for_o some_o time_n till_o he_o obtain_v his_o ransom_n for_o a_o present_a of_o two_o hundred_o hawk_n but_o prince_n lhewelyn_n find_v the_o whole_a strength_n of_o england_n and_o almost_o wales_n to_o fight_v against_o he_o and_o judge_v it_o impossible_a for_o himself_o alone_o to_o
news_n be_v bring_v he_o that_o gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n be_v revolt_v and_o be_v become_v again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n subject_n this_o unwelcome_a news_n strike_v very_o deep_a in_o the_o prince_n mind_n by_o reason_n that_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a power_n and_o strength_n in_o the_o country_n and_o go_v a_o great_a way_n to_o repel_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o english_a upon_o the_o march_n which_o now_o he_o be_v go_v off_o can_v not_o he_o fear_v be_v so_o well_o effect_v but_o however_o to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o a_o bad_a market_n he_o endeavour_v to_o take_v he_o off_o from_o the_o english_a and_o to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o former_a allegiance_n due_a to_o himself_o as_o his_o natural_a prince_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o send_v to_o he_o some_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n how_o that_o he_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o wales_n have_v oblige_v himself_o to_o oppose_v the_o english_a to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n and_o have_v deliver_v pledge_n for_o the_o sure_a performance_n of_o what_o he_o have_v then_o by_o oath_n engage_v in_o and_o lest_o he_o shall_v have_v forget_v what_o he_o have_v then_o promise_v he_o be_v desire_v to_o read_v his_o own_o hand_n write_v whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o he_o have_v very_o unjust_o violate_v both_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n but_o all_o the_o rhetoric_n the_o bishop_n can_v make_v use_n of_o be_v not_o of_o force_n enough_o to_o work_v gwenwynwyn_n to_o reconciliation_n with_o the_o prince_n and_o a_o aversion_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o see_v nothing_o will_v do_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v resolve_v to_o make_v he_o incapable_a of_o serve_v the_o english_a and_o so_o enter_v powy_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n he_o subdue_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o himself_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v force_v to_o fly_v for_o succour_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n whilst_o these_o thing_n pass_v in_o wales_n lewis_n the_o dauphin_n of_o france_n be_v invite_v by_o the_o english_a baron_n against_o king_n john_n land_v in_o the_o island_n of_o thanet_n and_o march_v forward_o to_o london_n he_o there_o receive_v homage_n of_o all_o the_o baron_n that_o be_v in_o actual_a war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o then_o set_v forward_o to_o winchester_n where_o king_n john_n then_o lay_v he_o take_v in_o his_o way_n the_o castle_n of_o rygat_n guildford_n and_o farnham_n and_o come_v to_o winchester_n have_v the_o town_n present_o surrender_v to_o he_o king_n john_n do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o abide_v his_o come_n but_o remove_v to_o hereford_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n he_o send_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o reynold_n bruce_n desire_v their_o friendship_n and_o implore_v their_o aid_n and_o assistance_n against_o the_o french_a but_o they_o refuse_v to_o hearken_v to_o his_o proposal_n he_o destroy_v radnor_n and_o hay_n castle_n and_o march_v forward_o to_o oswestry_n which_o belong_v to_o john_n fitzalan_n he_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o then_o depart_v towards_o the_o north._n but_o after_o that_o he_o have_v settle_v his_o affair_n there_o and_o appoint_v governor_n in_o all_o the_o town_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n whilst_o he_o be_v make_v all_o necessary_a preparation_n at_o newark_n to_o confront_v the_o baron_n he_o fall_v sick_a and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o worcester_n after_o his_o death_n his_o son_n henry_n be_v by_o several_a of_o the_o english_a nobility_n proclaim_v king_n and_o in_o a_o little_a while_n most_o of_o the_o baron_n who_o upon_o their_o hatred_n to_o king_n john_n have_v maintain_v a_o open_a war_n against_o he_o come_v in_o and_o own_v their_o allegiance_n to_o his_o son_n henry_n though_o contrary_a to_o their_o oath_n to_o lewis_n the_o dauphine_n a.d._n 1217_o but_o what_o be_v most_o pernicious_a to_o the_o welsh_a reynald_n de_fw-fr bruce_n who_o have_v all_o this_o while_n maintain_v a_o confederacy_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n his_o father-in-law_n against_o king_n john_n underhand_o make_v his_o peace_n with_o king_n henry_n but_o he_o suffer_v severe_o for_o his_o treachery_n for_o young_a rhys_n and_o owen_n his_o nephew_n by_o his_o sister_n see_v that_o he_o in_o who_o they_o put_v their_o great_a confidence_n have_v deceitful_o forsake_v they_o come_v upon_o he_o with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o take_v from_o he_o all_o buelht_n except_v only_o the_o castle_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v present_o make_v acquaint_v with_o bruce_n revolt_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v inform_v that_o his_o son-in-law_n be_v go_v over_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o go_v in_o great_a fury_n to_o brecknoc_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o town_n of_o aberhondhy_a he_o be_v with_o much_o ado_n prevail_v upon_o by_o young_a rhys_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o a_o hundred_o mark_n and_o then_o cross_v the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o glamorgan_n call_v the_o black_a mountain_n where_o his_o carriage_n suffer_v very_o much_o he_o come_v to_o gwyr_n and_o encamp_v at_o lhangruc_n reynald_n bruce_n with_o six_o knight_n in_o his_o company_n come_v to_o meet_v he_o desire_v his_o pardon_n for_o his_o pass_a offence_n assure_v he_o that_o for_o the_o future_a he_o will_v be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o he_o and_o will_v to_o his_o endeavour_n assist_v he_o against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v too_o good_a nature_a to_o reject_v his_o submission_n and_o so_o do_v not_o only_o receive_v he_o to_o his_o favour_n but_o bestow_v upon_o he_o also_o the_o castle_n of_o senghennyth_n which_o reynald_n commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o rhys_n fychan_n prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v settle_v all_o thing_n in_o good_a order_n in_o gwyr_n march_v to_o dyfed_a and_o be_v at_o cefn_n cynwarchan_n the_o fleming_n send_v their_o agent_n to_o he_o to_o desire_v peace_n which_o the_o prince_n by_o 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so_o the_o english_a retire_v over_o the_o river_n matthew_z paris_z writes_z that_o the_o earl_n obtain_v a_o very_a signal_n victory_n and_o that_o of_o the_o welsh_a there_o be_v nine_o thousand_o slay_v and_o take_v though_o the_o welsh_a account_n which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v in_o all_o likelihood_n the_o best_a make_v the_o whole_a army_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o consist_v but_o of_o that_o number_n but_o both_o army_n have_v lie_v for_o certain_a day_n in_o that_o posture_n and_o the_o river_n tywy_n be_v betwixt_o they_o gruffydh_n by_o reason_n that_o provision_n begin_v to_o grow_v scarce_o in_o his_o camp_n return_v back_o and_o then_o the_o earl_n decamp_v and_o march_v to_o cilgerran_n where_o he_o begin_v to_o build_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n but_o before_o he_o can_v have_v time_n to_o finish_v it_o he_o receive_v a_o express_a from_o the_o king_n with_o order_n to_o come_v to_o he_o and_o so_o he_o go_v by_o sea_n to_o london_n leave_v his_o army_n at_o cilgerran_n to_o continue_v the_o work_n which_o he_o have_v begin_v short_o after_o the_o king_n together_o with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n come_v to_o ludlow_n and_o send_v for_o prince_n lhewelyn_n thither_o they_o have_v good_a hope_n to_o adjust_a all_o difference_n and_o to_o make_v a_o amicable_a composition_n betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o earl_n but_o when_o this_o can_v not_o be_v effect_v both_o party_n stick_v close_o to_o their_o private_a interest_n the_o earl_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n and_z henry_n pyggot_n lord_n of_o ewyas_n design_v to_o pass_v by_o land_n to_o pembrock_n but_o his_o purpose_n be_v discover_v to_o the_o prince_n he_o detach_v his_o son_n to_o secure_v the_o passage_n of_o carnwylhion_n and_o come_v in_o person_n to_o mabedryd_n which_o when_o the_o earl_n understand_v find_v it_o dangerous_a to_o prosecute_v his_o design_n any_o further_a he_o return_v to_o england_n and_o then_o the_o prince_n march_v to_o north-wales_n 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subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o so_o be_v advance_v into_o the_o march_n he_o encamp_v at_o ceri_fw-la prince_n lhewelyn_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v inform_v of_o these_o mighty_a preparation_n in_o england_n and_o understanding_n that_o they_o be_v intend_v against_o he_o do_v use_v all_o the_o endeavour_n possible_a to_o make_v a_o vigorous_a resistance_n and_o have_v draw_v together_o all_o the_o force_n he_o be_v able_a to_o levy_v think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o meet_v the_o english_a upon_o the_o march_n and_o not_o to_o permit_v the_o enemy_n to_o enter_v his_o country_n both_o army_n be_v come_v in_o sight_n of_o each_o other_o frequent_a skirmish_n happen_v betwixt_o they_o but_o one_o day_n almost_o the_o whole_a army_n engage_v and_o after_o a_o vigorous_a attack_z of_o both_o side_n the_o english_a at_o last_o get_v the_o worst_a and_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v have_v a_o great_a many_o man_n slay_v and_o take_v prisoner_n among_o the_o latter_a be_v william_n bruce_n reynald_n son_n who_o offer_v for_o his_o ransom_n all_o buelht_n together_o with_o a_o considerable_a sum_n of_o money_n which_o the_o prince_n will_v not_o accept_v of_o but_o king_n henry_n find_v that_o his_o army_n be_v worsted_n in_o this_o rencounter_n think_v it_o best_a to_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n which_o be_v conclude_v lhewelyn_n come_v to_o the_o king_n and_o have_v pay_v he_o all_o other_o respect_n beside_o that_o of_o submission_n and_o allegiance_n he_o return_v in_o great_a honour_n to_o north-wales_n but_o this_o action_n be_v somewhat_o otherwise_o lay_v down_o by_o matthew_n paris_n who_o write_v that_o this_o skirmish_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a happen_v upon_o a_o other_o account_n for_o the_o garrison_n of_o montgomery_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o castle_n to_o enlarge_v a_o certain_a passage_n lead_v through_o a_o wood_n where_o the_o welsh_a be_v wont_a to_o rob_v and_o kill_v all_o passenger_n begin_v to_o fell_v the_o timber_n and_o cut_v down_o all_o the_o bush_n which_o lessen_v the_o road_n thereby_o to_o make_v the_o passage_n more_o clear_a and_o secure_a the_o welsh_a receive_v intelligence_n of_o this_o come_v present_o upon_o he_o in_o great_a number_n and_o surprise_v the_o enemy_n be_v busy_a at_o their_o labour_n force_v as_o many_o as_o can_v escape_v to_o betake_v themselves_o for_o refuge_n into_o the_o castle_n which_o afterward_o have_v first_o cast_v a_o deep_a trench_n about_o it_o they_o smart_o invest_v hâ—bert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o castle_n have_v notice_n of_o this_o send_v present_o to_o king_n henry_n desire_v his_o speedy_a help_n against_o the_o welsh_a who_o thereupon_o come_v in_o person_n with_o part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o raise_v the_o siege_n then_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n be_v arrive_v he_o march_v into_o the_o wood_n which_o be_v five_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o growth_n impassable_a and_o for_o a_o easy_a passage_n through_o it_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v burn_v down_o after_o that_o he_o lead_v his_o army_n far_o into_o the_o country_n and_o come_v to_o a_o abbey_n call_v cridia_n which_o the_o welsh_a be_v wont_a to_o take_v for_o refuge_n he_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v burn_v down_o but_o find_v it_o a_o very_a convenient_a place_n for_o a_o fortress_n he_o grant_v leave_v to_o hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n to_o build_v a_o castle_n there_o but_o whilst_o the_o work_n be_v go_v on_o the_o welshman_n gaul_v the_o english_a and_o skirmish_v with_o they_o frequent_o so_o that_o many_o be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n but_o at_o last_o william_n bruce_n with_o many_o other_o that_o go_v abroad_o to_o fetch_v provision_n be_v intercept_v by_o the_o welsh_a and_o take_v prisoner_n and_o most_o of_o his_o company_n be_v slay_v among_o who_o one_o who_o be_v knight_v a_o few_o day_n before_o see_v some_o of_o his_o fellow_n in_o great_a danger_n rush_v bold_o into_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o after_o a_o manful_a defence_n brave_o lose_v his_o life_n several_a of_o king_n henry_n man_n be_v corrupt_v by_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n take_v no_o great_a pain_n to_o repulse_v the_o enemy_n which_o when_o the_o king_n perceive_v and_o find_v withal_o the_o provision_n be_v grow_v very_o scarce_o in_o his_o camp_n he_o be_v force_v to_o conclude_v a_o dishonourable_a peace_n with_o the_o welsh_a consent_v to_o demolish_v that_o castle_n which_o with_o so_o great_a a_o expense_n both_o of_o man_n and_o money_n be_v now_o almost_o finish_v upon_o his_o own_o charge_n prince_n lhewelyn_n pay_v only_o three_o thousand_o pound_n towards_o it_o then_o both_o army_n separate_v prince_n lhewelyn_n march_v to_o north-wales_n and_o the_o king_n leave_v william_n bruce_n prisoner_n with_o the_o welsh_a return_v to_o england_n have_v purchase_v no_o small_a discredit_v in_o this_o expedition_n william_n bruce_n be_v bring_v to_o wales_n and_o there_o have_v a.d._n 1230_o a_o honourable_a confinement_n in_o the_o prince_n his_o palace_n but_o he_o have_v not_o continue_v there_o very_o long_o when_o he_o begin_v to_o be_v suspect_v of_o be_v too_o familiar_a with_o the_o princess_n king_n henry_n sister_n and_o as_o the_o report_n go_v be_v takeâ—_n in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o adultery_n for_o which_o the_o prince_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v hang_v forthwith_o about_o the_o same_o time_n lhewelyn_n maelgon_n son_n die_v in_o north-wales_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o conwey_n and_o maelgon_n prince_n rhys_n his_o son_n in_o south-wales_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o ystratflur_n who_o estate_n descend_v to_o his_o son_n maelgon_n and_o a_o little_a after_o william_n martial_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n a.d._n 1231_o dye_v one_o that_o ever_o entertain_v a_o
inveterate_a enmity_n to_o the_o welsh_a and_o upon_o who_o account_n king_n henry_n have_v chief_o bring_v his_o army_n into_o wales_n he_o be_v succeed_v both_o in_o his_o title_n and_o estate_n by_o his_o brother_n richard_n who_o be_v much_o more_o favourable_o incline_v towards_o the_o welsh_a and_o never_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o they_o but_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v resolve_v to_o retrieve_v the_o honour_n he_o have_v lose_v in_o the_o late_a expedition_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o be_v return_v from_o france_n whither_o he_o have_v make_v a_o descent_n to_o recover_v what_o his_o father_n have_v lose_v in_o that_o kingdom_n he_o come_v to_o wales_n and_o have_v remain_v some_o time_n in_o the_o march_n he_o return_v again_o to_o england_n leave_v his_o army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o hubert_n burgh_n earl_n of_o kent_n to_o defend_v the_o march_n against_o any_o inroad_n which_o the_o welsh_a may_v attempt_v and_o he_o have_v not_o remain_v there_o long_o when_o he_o receive_v intelligence_n that_o a_o party_n of_o welch_n have_v enter_v the_o march_n near_o montgomery_n who_o he_o forthwith_o pursue_v and_o set_v upon_o they_o surprize_o he_o put_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o to_o the_o sword_n prince_n lhewylyn_n hear_v this_o come_v in_o person_n with_o a_o great_a army_n to_o the_o march_n and_o fit_v before_o montgomery_n castle_n he_o force_v hubert_n to_o withdraw_v and_o then_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o place_n he_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o put_v the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n the_o like_a fate_n attend_v the_o castle_n of_o radnor_n aberhondhy_n rhayadr_n gwy_n caerlheon_n neth_n and_o cydwe_o though_o caerlheon_n hold_v out_o very_o stubborn_o and_o the_o prince_n have_v several_a of_o his_o man_n destroy_v before_o the_o place_n king_n henry_n be_v inform_v of_o what_o miserable_a desolation_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n so_o successful_o commit_v upon_o his_o subject_n in_o these_o country_n have_v he_o present_o excommunicate_v and_o then_o come_v to_o hereford_n with_o a_o mighty_a army_n he_o detach_v the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o nobility_n to_o wales_n these_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o a_o friar_n of_o cymer_n unexpected_o as_o they_o think_v fall_v upon_o a_o party_n of_o welsh_a who_o at_o the_o first_o encounter_n seem_v to_o fly_v till_o they_o have_v allure_v the_o english_a to_o pursue_v they_o to_o a_o place_n where_o a_o great_a party_n of_o welch_n lie_v in_o ambuscade_n who_o rush_v of_o a_o sudden_a upon_o the_o english_a put_v they_o in_o such_o a_o confusion_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v cut_v off_o the_o king_n be_v sensible_a that_o this_o be_v a_o treacherous_a insinuation_n of_o the_o friar_n be_v resolve_v to_o be_v revenge_v by_o burn_v the_o abbey_n of_o cymer_n but_o the_o prior_n for_o three_o hundred_o mark_n prevent_v it_o and_o so_o the_o king_n return_v to_o england_n have_v effect_v nothing_o in_o this_o expedition_n beside_o the_o build_n of_o maud_n castle_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n maelgon_n son_n of_o maelgon_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n lay_v siege_n to_o aberteifi_n and_o have_v by_o force_n get_v entry_n into_o the_o town_n he_o put_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o sword_n then_o destroy_v all_o before_o he_o to_o the_o castle_n gate_n which_o be_v so_o strong_o fortify_v that_o it_o seem_v almost_o impracticable_a to_o take_v it_o in_o any_o short_a time_n but_o maelgon_n be_v join_v by_o his_o cousin_n owen_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhy_n son_n be_v resolve_v to_o try_v the_o utmost_a that_o can_v be_v effect_v and_o therefore_o take_v with_o he_o some_o of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n most_o experience_a officer_n â—e_z break_v down_o the_o bridge_n upon_o the_o river_n teifi_n and_o â—hen_o invest_v the_o castle_n more_o close_o he_o so_o batter_a â—nd_n undermine_v it_o that_o he_o become_v in_o a_o little_a time_n master_n of_o it_o the_o year_n follow_v prince_n lhewelyn_n make_v a_o descent_n a.d._n 1232_o upon_o england_n and_o have_v commit_v very_o considerable_a waste_n and_o destruction_n upon_o the_o border_n he_o return_v to_o north-wales_n with_o a_o rich_a booty_n both_o of_o man_n and_o cattle_n king_n henry_n to_o correct_v the_o welsh_a for_o these_o grievous_a devastation_n and_o to_o prevent_v their_o further_a incursion_n into_o england_n demand_v a_o very_a great_a subsidy_n of_o his_o subject_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n against_o the_o welsh_a which_o be_v grant_v he_o he_o make_v all_o possible_a preparation_n for_o his_o expedition_n to_o wales_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n randulph_n earl_n of_o chester_n die_v and_o be_v succeed_v in_o that_o honour_n by_o john_n his_o sister_n son_n who_o be_v afterward_o marry_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n daughter_n but_o the_o english_a in_o wales_n be_v in_o expectation_n of_o king_n henry_n come_n thither_o begin_v to_o repair_v and_o fortify_v their_o castle_n and_o particular_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n rebuilt_a radnor_n castle_n a.d._n 1233_o which_o the_o prince_n have_v late_o destroy_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v sufficient_o sensible_a that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n intend_v a_o invasion_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v beforehand_o with_o he_o he_o come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o brecknock_n destroy_v all_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n throughout_o the_o country_n except_v brecknock_n castle_n which_o hold_v out_o so_o manful_o that_o after_o a_o month_n sit_v before_o it_o he_o be_v at_o last_o constrain_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n in_o his_o return_n to_o north-wales_n he_o burn_v the_o town_n of_o clûn_n recoverâ—â—_n all_o that_o country_n call_v dyffryn_n tefeidiat_a in_o the_o possession_n of_o john_n fitz-alan_n destroy_v red_a castle_n in_o powy_n and_o burn_v oswestry_n but_o what_o happen_v very_o fortunate_o to_o the_o welsh_a richard_n marshal_v earl_n of_o pembroke_n be_v fall_v at_o variance_n with_o king_n henry_n take_v part_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n with_o who_o join_v hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n who_o have_v late_o make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o devizes_n where_o the_o king_n upon_o some_o article_n of_o information_n bring_v against_o he_o have_v commit_v he_o to_o prison_n but_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n attend_v by_o owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n come_v to_o s._n david_n and_o be_v very_o glad_a of_o a_o opportunity_n to_o revenge_v himself_o upon_o the_o king_n slay_v every_o one_o thaâ—_n own_v any_o dependence_n upon_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n maelgon_n and_o rhys_n gryc_a with_o all_o the_o force_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n quick_o join_v the_o earl_n who_o in_o their_o march_n through_o the_o country_n take_v the_o castle_n of_o caâ—dyff_fw-mi abergevenny_n pencelhy_n blaenlhefyni_n and_o bwlch_n y_fw-fr ddinas_fw-la which_o all_o except_v cardyff_fw-mi they_o burn_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o king_n receive_v intelligence_n that_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n have_v enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o that_o he_o be_v now_o iâ—_n open_a hostility_n against_o his_o subject_n in_o that_o country_n gather_v a_o very_a formidable_a army_n consist_v beside_o english_a of_o fleming_n norman_n and_o gascoign_n and_o come_v to_o wales_n he_o encamp_v at_o grosmont_n where_o the_o earl_n with_o the_o welsh_a army_n meet_v he_o but_o when_o the_o english_a will_v have_v endeavour_v to_o advance_v further_o into_o the_o country_n the_o welsh_a oppose_v they_o and_o so_o a_o battle_n ensue_v wherein_o the_o english_a lose_v five_o hundred_o horse_n beside_o a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o their_o infantry_n the_o welsh_a have_v gain_v a_o considerable_a victory_n in_o this_o action_n the_o king_n be_v advise_v to_o withdraw_v his_o force_n for_o fear_v lest_o that_o the_o welsh_a shall_v again_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o so_o sustain_v a_o great_a loss_n which_o counsel_n the_o king_n willing_o hearken_v unto_o and_o so_o he_o return_v for_o england_n the_o english_a be_v withdraw_v the_o earl_n likewise_o decamp_v and_o march_v to_o caermardhyn_n which_o he_o besiege_v but_o after_o three_o month_n in_o vain_a assault_n the_o garrison_n most_o brave_o defend_v the_o place_n and_o the_o english_a fleet_n have_v throw_v in_o new_a provision_n he_o think_v it_o most_o adviseable_a to_o raise_v the_o siege_n short_o after_o rhys_n gryc_a son_n to_o prince_n rhys_n die_v at_o lhandeilo_n fawr_n and_o be_v honourable_o inter_v by_o his_o father_n at_o s._n david_n about_o the_o same_o time_n maelgon_n fychan_n maelgon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n his_o son_n finish_v trefilan_n castle_n which_o be_v begin_v in_o his_o father_n time_n a.d._n 1234_o king_n henry_n be_v not_o willing_a to_o hazard_v any_o more_o campaign_n in_o wales_n and_o therefore_o he_o appoint_v john_n of_o monmouth_n a_o great_a soldier_n and_o general_n of_o the_o english_a force_n
man_n not_o without_o a_o considerable_a loss_n of_o their_o own_o side_n aâ—ong_v who_o be_v slay_v a_o valiant_a knight_n call_v huâ—ert_n fitz-matthew_n but_o king_n henry_n be_v weary_a of_o â—hese_fw-mi perpetual_a skirmish_n and_o daily_a clashing_n between_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a think_v to_o put_v a_o â—nd_n to_o the_o whole_a with_o one_o stroke_n and_o therefore_o â—aised_v a_o very_a great_a army_n of_o english_a and_o gascoignes_n â—nd_v enter_v into_o north-wales_n purpose_v to_o waste_v â—nd_n destroy_v the_o country_n but_o before_o he_o can_v advance_v very_o far_o prince_n david_n intercept_v he_o in_o a_o arrow_n pass_v and_o so_o violent_o set_v upon_o he_o that_o a_o â—reat_a number_n of_o his_o nobility_n and_o brave_a soldier_n â—nd_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o the_o gascoignes_n be_v slay_v the_o king_n find_v he_o can_v effect_v nothing_o against_o the_o welsh_a invite_v over_o the_o irish_a who_o land_v in_o angleâ—ey_n begin_v to_o pillage_n and_o waste_v the_o country_n but_o the_o inhabitant_n gather_v themselves_o together_o in_o a_o body_n quick_o force_v they_o to_o their_o ship_n after_o which_o king_n henry_n have_v victual_v and_o man_v all_o his_o castle_n return_v dissatisfy_v to_o england_n but_o concern_v this_o expedition_n to_o wales_n and_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o english_a army_n therein_o a_o certain_a person_n in_o the_o camp_n par._n mat._n par._n write_v to_o this_o effect_n to_o his_o friend_n â—n_n england_n the_o king_n with_o his_o army_n be_v encamp_v at_o gannock_n and_o be_v busy_a in_o fortify_v that_o place_n sufficient_o strong_a already_o about_o which_o we_o lie_v in_o our_o tent_n in_o watch_v fast_a pray_v and_o freeze_a we_o watch_v for_o fear_v of_o the_o welsh_a who_o be_v use_v to_o come_v sudden_o upon_o we_o in_o the_o nighttime_n we_o fast_o for_o want_v of_o provision_n the_o halfpenny_n loaf_n be_v now_o rise_v and_o advance_v to_o five_o penny_n we_o pray_v that_o we_o may_v speedy_o return_v safe_a and_o scotfree_a home_n and_o we_o freeze_v for_o want_v of_o winter-garment_n have_v but_o a_o thin_a linen_n shirt_n to_o keep_v we_o from_o the_o wind._n there_o be_v a_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n under_o the_o castle_n where_o we_o lie_v which_o the_o tide_n reach_v by_o the_o conveniency_n of_o which_o many_o ship_n bring_v 〈◊〉_d provision_n and_o victual_n from_o ireland_n and_o chester_n this_o arm_n lie_v betwixt_o we_o and_o snowden_n where_o thâ—_n welch_n be_v encamp_v and_o be_v in_o breadth_n when_o thâ—_n tide_n be_v in_o about_o a_o bow-shot_a now_o it_o happen_v that_o upon_o the_o monday_n before_o michaelmas-day_n anâ—_n irish_a vessel_n come_v up_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n with_o provision_n to_o be_v sell_v to_o our_o camp_n which_o be_v negligent_o look_v to_o by_o the_o mariner_n be_v upon_o low_a ebb_n strand_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o castle_n near_o the_o welsh_a the_o enemy_n perceive_v this_o descend_v from_o the_o mountain_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v fast_o upon_o the_o dry_a sand_n whereupon_o we_o detach_v in_o boat_n three_o hundred_o welsh_a of_o the_o border_n of_o cheshire_n and_o shropshire_n with_o some_o archer_n and_o arm_a man_n to_o rescue_v the_o ship_n but_o the_o welsh_a upon_o the_o approach_n of_o our_o man_n withdraw_v themselves_o to_o their_o usual_a retirement_n iâ—_n the_o rock_n and_o wood_n and_o be_v pursue_v for_o about_o two_o mile_n by_o our_o man_n afoot_o who_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o but_o in_o their_o return_n back_o our_o soldier_n be_v too_o covetous_a and_o greedy_a of_o plunder_n among_o other_o sacrilegious_a and_o profane_a action_n spoil_v the_o abbey_n of_o aberconwey_n and_o burn_v all_o the_o book_n and_o other_o choice_a utensil_n belong_v to_o it_o the_o welsh_a be_v distract_v at_o these_o irreligious_a practice_n get_v together_o in_o great_a number_n and_o in_o a_o desperate_a manner_n set_v upon_o the_o english_a kill_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o and_o follow_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o waterside_n force_v as_o many_o as_o can_v not_o make_v their_o escape_n into_o the_o boat_n to_o commit_v themselves_o to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o wave_n those_o they_o take_v prisoner_n they_o think_v to_o reserve_v for_o exchange_n but_o hear_v how_o we_o put_v some_o of_o their_o captive_a nobility_n to_o death_n they_o alter_v their_o mind_n and_o in_o a_o revengeful_a manner_n scatter_v their_o dilacerate_v carcase_n along_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o this_o conflict_n we_o lose_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o our_o man_n and_o chief_o those_o under_o the_o command_n of_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n as_o sir_n alan_n buscell_n sir_n adam_n de_fw-fr maio_n sir_n geoffry_n estuemy_n and_o one_o raimend_v a_o gascoign_n with_o about_o a_o hundred_o common_a soldier_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n sir_n walter_n bisset_n stout_o defend_v the_o ship_n till_o midnight_n when_o the_o tide_n return_v whereupon_o the_o welsh_a who_o assail_v we_o of_o all_o side_n be_v force_v to_o withdraw_v be_v much_o concern_v that_o we_o have_v so_o happy_o escape_v their_o hand_n the_o cargo_n of_o this_o ship_n be_v three_o hundred_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n with_o a_o plenty_n of_o other_o provision_n for_o the_o army_n which_o at_o that_o time_n it_o stand_v in_o very_o great_a need_n of_o but_o the_o next_o morning_n when_o the_o sea_n be_v return_v the_o welsh_a come_v merry_o down_o again_o to_o the_o ship_n think_v to_o surprise_v our_o man_n but_o as_o luck_n will_v have_v it_o they_o have_v at_o full_a sea_n the_o night_n before_o relinquish_v the_o ship_n and_o return_v safe_a to_o the_o camp_n the_o enemy_n miss_v of_o our_o man_n set_v upon_o the_o cargo_n of_o the_o ship_n carry_v away_o all_o the_o wine_n and_o other_o provision_n and_o then_o when_o the_o sea_n begin_v to_o slow_a they_o put_v fire_n to_o the_o vessel_n and_o return_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n and_o thus_o we_o lay_v encamp_v in_o great_a misery_n and_o distress_n for_o want_v of_o necessary_n expose_v to_o great_a and_o frequent_a danger_n and_o in_o great_a fear_n of_o the_o private_a assault_n and_o sudden_a incursion_n of_o our_o enemy_n oftentimes_o we_o set_v upon_o and_o assail_v the_o welsh_a and_o in_o one_o conflict_n we_o carry_v away_o a_o hundred_o head_n of_o cattle_n which_o very_o triumphant_o we_o convey_v to_o our_o camp_n for_o the_o scarcity_n of_o provision_n be_v then_o so_o great_a that_o there_o remain_v but_o one_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o whole_a army_n a_o bushel_n of_o corn_n be_v sell_v for_o twenty_o shilling_n a_o feed_a ox_n for_o three_o or_o four_o mark_n and_o a_o hen_n for_o eight_o penny_n so_o that_o there_o happen_v a_o very_a lamentable_a mortality_n both_o of_o man_n and_o horse_n for_o want_v of_o necessary_a sustenance_n of_o life_n the_o english_a army_n have_v undergo_v such_o misery_n as_o be_v here_o describe_v and_o king_n henry_n as_o be_v â—aid_v perceive_v it_o be_v in_o vain_a for_o he_o to_o continue_v â—ny_n long_o in_o wales_n where_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o gain_v no_o great_a credit_n he_o return_v with_o his_o army_n into_o england_n be_v not_o very_o desirous_a to_o make_v another_o expeditiâ—â—_n into_o wales_n then_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o baron_n wales_n and_o those_o that_o have_v favour_v and_o maintainâ—â—_n gruffydh_n cause_n be_v make_v friend_n and_o record_n lead_v to_o prince_n david_n to_o who_o they_o vow_v true_a aâ—â—_n perpetual_a allegiance_n but_o the_o prince_n do_v not_o loâ—â—_n survive_v this_o amity_n and_o agreement_n between_o he_o aâ—â—_n his_o subject_n for_o fall_v sick_a towards_o the_o beginning_n 〈◊〉_d a.d._n 1246_o this_o year_n he_o die_v in_o march_n at_o his_o palace_n in_o aâ—â—â—_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o conwey_n leave_v no_o issue_n to_o succee_v the_o only_a thing_n unpardonable_a in_o this_o prince_n be_v he_o over_o jealousy_n and_o severity_n against_o his_o bâ—â—ther_n gruffydh_n a_o person_n so_o well-beloved_a of_o the_o welsh_a that_o upon_o his_o account_n their_o affection_n be_v much_o coâ—â—ed_v and_o in_o some_o entire_o alienate_v from_o their_o prince_n indeed_o thus_o much_o may_v be_v say_v for_o david_n that_o gruâ—fydh_n be_v a_o valorous_a and_o a_o aspire_a man_n and_o if_o sâ—_n at_o liberty_n will_v bid_v fair_a to_o eject_v he_o out_o of_o 〈◊〉_d principality_n which_o king_n henry_n of_o england_n too_o whâ—_n think_v he_o may_v bring_v over_o david_n a_o mild_a maâ—_n to_o what_o term_n he_o please_v be_v sensible_a of_o when_o 〈◊〉_d will_v by_o no_o persuasion_n dismiss_v he_o from_o custody_n iâ—_n the_o tower_n of_o london_n but_o this_o occasion_v all_o thâ—_n disturbance_n that_o happen_v in_o his_o time_n the_o welâ—â—_n themselves_o for_o the_o love_n they_o bear_v
to_o be_v establish_v as_o long_o as_o the_o english_a have_v no_o regard_n to_o article_n and_o still_o oppress_v his_o people_n with_o new_a and_o unwarrantable_a exaction_n therefore_o see_v his_o subject_n be_v unchristian_o abuse_v by_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o all_o his_o country_n most_o tyrannical_o harass_v he_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o english_a upon_o any_o fault_n of_o his_o side_n shall_v threaten_v to_o bring_v a_o formidable_a army_n to_o his_o country_n nor_o the_o church_n pretend_v to_o censure_v he_o see_v also_o he_o be_v very_o willing_a upon_o the_o aforesaid_a condition_n to_o submit_v to_o a_o peace_n and_o last_o he_o desire_v his_o grace_n that_o he_o will_v not_o give_v the_o more_o credit_n to_o his_o enemy_n because_o they_o be_v near_o his_o person_n and_o can_v deliver_v their_o complaint_n frequent_o and_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n for_o they_o who_o make_v no_o conscience_n of_o oppress_v will_v not_o in_o all_o probability_n stick_v to_o defame_v and_o make_v false_a accusation_n and_o therefore_o his_o grace_n will_v make_v a_o better_a estimation_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n by_o examine_v their_o action_n rather_o than_o believe_v their_o word_n prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v to_o this_o purpose_n reply_v in_o general_a to_o the_o archbishop_n article_n present_v he_o with_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o several_a grievance_n which_o himself_o and_o other_o of_o his_o subject_n have_v wrongful_o and_o unjust_o receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a and_o these_o though_o somewhat_o tedious_a be_v think_v necessary_a to_o be_v particular_o insert_v in_o the_o appendix_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o demonstrable_o vindicate_v the_o welsh_a nation_n from_o the_o unreasonable_a aspersion_n which_o the_o english_a of_o these_o time_n cast_v upon_o it_o for_o the_o breach_n of_o peace_n and_o the_o occasion_n of_o those_o dismal_a disturbance_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o english_a writer_n of_o those_o time_n whole_o attribute_v to_o the_o restless_a and_o rebellious_a humour_n and_o unconstant_a temper_n of_o the_o welch_n whereas_o have_v they_o look_v at_o home_n they_o may_v have_v find_v the_o original_a of_o all_o these_o trouble_n to_o have_v proceed_v from_o the_o intolerable_a extortion_n and_o insupportable_a oppression_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n for_o whoever_o consider_v these_o unmerciful_a grievance_n and_o the_o manifold_a wrong_n the_o welch_a endure_v it_o can_v in_o reason_n be_v expect_v but_o that_o they_o will_v endeavour_v to_o vindicate_v themselves_o and_o repel_v force_n by_o force_n for_o have_v the_o english_a the_o liberty_n of_o dispossess_v they_o wrongful_o of_o their_o proper_a inheritance_n and_o estate_n and_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o the_o welsh_a to_o endeavour_v the_o defend_n and_o keep_v their_o own_o and_o must_v they_o be_v reckon_v disobedient_a and_o promoter_n of_o sedition_n upon_o the_o account_n that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v trample_v under_o and_o enslave_v by_o the_o english_a these_o measure_n be_v too_o hard_a and_o intolerable_a and_o scarce_o allowable_a in_o a_o infidel_n nation_n to_o oppress_v and_o what_o in_o they_o lay_v eradicate_v a_o people_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n than_o because_o they_o be_v weak_a and_o more_o helpless_a than_o themselves_o and_o then_o what_o be_v worse_o to_o accuse_v they_o of_o be_v author_n of_o sedition_n because_o they_o will_v not_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v peaceable_o enslave_v but_o endeavour_v to_o vindicate_v their_o right_n by_o main_a force_n but_o it_o be_v high_o probable_a that_o king_n edward_n have_v no_o inclination_n to_o observe_v what_o article_n of_o agreement_n soever_o be_v conclude_v upon_o and_o therefore_o encourage_v his_o deputy_n in_o the_o march_n and_o inland_n country_n of_o wales_n in_o all_o their_o oppression_n and_o sinistrous_a deal_n towards_o the_o welsh_a this_o be_v the_o best_a method_n and_o the_o most_o expedient_a mean_n to_o reduce_v the_o country_n of_o wales_n to_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n which_o the_o king_n have_v long_o ago_o intentional_o effect_v and_o to_o accuse_v the_o welsh_a of_o not_o observe_v the_o condition_n of_o peace_n be_v a_o specious_a pretence_n to_o bring_v that_o actual_o to_o pass_v and_o to_o lead_v a_o army_n into_o the_o country_n but_o whaever_o the_o english_a may_v pretend_v it_o be_v evident_a the_o welsh_a have_v the_o great_a occasion_n to_o complain_v appendix_n see_v the_o appendix_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o grievance_n commit_v as_o well_o against_o the_o prince_n himself_o as_o other_o of_o his_o subject_n the_o archbishop_n have_v read_v over_o these_o grievance_n and_o find_v the_o welsh_a to_o be_v upon_o good_a reason_n guiltless_a of_o that_o severe_a character_n which_o by_o the_o malicious_a insinuation_n of_o the_o english_a he_o have_v conceive_v of_o they_o go_v to_o king_n edward_n request_v he_o to_o take_v into_o consideration_n the_o unjust_a wrong_n and_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o welsh_a which_o if_o he_o will_v not_o redress_v at_o least_o he_o may_v excuse_v they_o from_o any_o breach_n of_o obedience_n to_o he_o see_v they_o have_v so_o just_a a_o reason_n for_o what_o they_o do_v the_o king_n reply_v that_o he_o willing_o forgive_v they_o and_o will_v make_v reasonable_a satisfaction_n for_o any_o wrong_n do_v so_o that_o they_o have_v free_a access_n to_o declare_v their_o greivance_n before_o he_o and_o then_o may_v safe_o depart_v in_o case_n it_o will_v appear_v just_a and_o lawful_a they_o shall_v the_o archbishop_n upon_o this_o think_v he_o have_v obtain_v his_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o without_o any_o stay_n post_v it_o to_o snowden_n where_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o brother_n david_n reside_v and_o have_v acquaint_v they_o with_o the_o king_n mind_n earnest_o desire_v that_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o wales_n will_v submit_v themselves_o and_o by_o he_o be_v introduce_v to_o the_o king_n presence_n prince_n lhewelyn_n after_o some_o time_n conference_n and_o debate_n declare_v that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o submit_v to_o the_o king_n with_o the_o reserve_v only_o of_o two_o particular_n namely_o his_o conscience_n whereby_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o regard_v the_o safety_n and_o liberty_n of_o his_o people_n and_o then_o the_o decency_n of_o his_o own_o state_n and_o quality_n but_o the_o king_n understanding_n by_o the_o archbishop_n how_o that_o the_o prince_n stand_v upon_o term_n positive_o refuse_v to_o consent_v to_o any_o more_o treaty_n of_o peace_n than_o that_o he_o shall_v simple_o submit_v without_o any_o far_a condition_n the_o archbishop_n have_v experience_n enough_o that_o the_o welsh_a will_v never_o agree_v to_o such_o proposal_n and_o therefore_o desire_v of_o his_o majesty_n that_o he_o will_v give_v he_o leave_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o english_a nobility_n present_a to_o confer_v and_o conclude_v upon_o the_o matter_n which_o be_v grant_v they_o unanimous_o resolve_v upon_o the_o follow_a article_n and_o send_v they_o to_o the_o prince_n by_o john_n wallensis_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n i._o the_o king_n will_v have_v no_o treaty_n of_o the_o four_o cantred_n and_o other_o land_n which_o he_o have_v bestow_v upon_o his_o noble_n nor_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n ii_o in_o case_n the_o tenant_n of_o the_o four_o cantred_n submit_v themselves_o the_o king_n purpose_v to_o deal_v kind_o and_o honourable_o with_o they_o which_o we_o be_v sufficient_o satisfy_v of_o and_o will_v what_o in_o we_o lie_v endeavour_v to_o further_a iii_o we_o will_v do_v the_o like_o touch_v prince_n lhewelyn_n concern_v who_o we_o can_v return_v no_o other_o answer_n than_o that_o he_o must_v bare_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n without_o hope_n of_o any_o other_o condition_n these_o be_v the_o public_a article_n agree_v upon_o by_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o send_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n beside_o which_o they_o send_v some_o private_a measure_n of_o agreement_n relate_v both_o to_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n david_n promise_v that_o in_o case_n he_o will_v submit_v and_o put_v the_o king_n in_o quiet_a possession_n of_o snowden_n his_o majesty_n will_v bestow_v a_o english_a county_n upon_o he_o with_o the_o yearly_a revenue_n of_o a_o thousand_o pound_v sterling_n and_o moreover_o his_o daughter_n shall_v be_v provide_v for_o suitable_a to_o her_o birth_n and_o quality_n and_o all_o his_o subject_n according_a to_o their_o estate_n and_o condition_n and_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v have_v male_a issue_n by_o a_o second_o wife_n the_o aforesaid_a county_n and_o a_o thousand_o pound_n shall_v remain_v to_o his_o posterity_n for_o ever_o as_o for_o david_n the_o prince_n brother_n if_o he_o will_v consent_v to_o go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n upon_o condition_n not_o to_o return_v but_o upon_o the_o king_n pleasure_n all_o thing_n shall_v be_v honourable_o prepare_v for_o his_o journey_n with_o
respect_n to_o his_o quality_n and_o his_o child_n maintain_v and_o provide_v for_o by_o the_o king_n to_o these_o the_o archbishop_n add_v his_o threat_n that_o in_o case_n they_o do_v not_o comply_v and_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n mercy_n there_o be_v very_o severe_a and_o imminent_a danger_n hang_v over_o their_o head_n a_o formidable_a army_n be_v ready_a to_o make_v a_o inroad_n into_o their_o country_n which_o will_v not_o only_o gall_v and_o oppress_v they_o but_o in_o all_o probability_n total_o eradicate_v the_o whole_a nation_n beside_o which_o they_o be_v to_o expect_v the_o severe_a censure_n and_o punishment_n of_o the_o church_n but_o all_o this_o can_v not_o force_v so_o unlimited_a a_o submission_n from_o the_o prince_n but_o that_o he_o will_v stick_v upon_o some_o certain_a condition_n and_o therefore_o by_o letter_n he_o acquaint_v the_o archbishop_n that_o he_o be_v with_o all_o willingness_n desirous_a to_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n but_o withal_o that_o he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o but_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o be_v safe_a and_o honest_a for_o he_o and_o because_o the_o form_n of_o submission_n contain_v in_o the_o article_n send_v to_o he_o be_v by_o himself_o and_o his_o council_n think_v pernicious_a and_o illegal_a for_o he_o to_o consent_v to_o as_o tend_v rather_o to_o the_o destruction_n than_o the_o security_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o subject_n he_o can_v in_o no_o wise_n agree_v to_o it_o and_o in_o case_n himself_o shall_v be_v willing_a the_o rest_n of_o his_o nobility_n and_o people_n will_v never_o admit_v of_o it_o as_o know_v for_o certain_a the_o mischief_n and_o inconveniency_n that_o will_v ensue_v thereby_o therefore_o he_o desire_v his_o lordship_n that_o for_o a_o confirmation_n of_o a_o honest_a and_o a_o durable_a peace_n which_o he_o have_v all_o this_o while_n earnest_o labour_v for_o he_o will_v manage_v matter_n circumspect_o and_o with_o due_a regard_n to_o the_o follow_a article_n for_o it_o be_v much_o more_o honourable_a for_o the_o king_n and_o far_o more_o consonant_a to_o reason_n that_o he_o shall_v hold_v his_o land_n in_o the_o country_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v and_o dwell_v in_o than_o that_o by_o dispossess_v of_o he_o his_o estate_n shall_v be_v bestow_v upon_o stranger_n with_o this_o be_v send_v the_o general_a answer_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o the_o archbishops_n article_n viz._n 1._o though_o the_o king_n will_v not_o consent_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o four_o cantred_n nor_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n yet_o unless_o these_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o treaty_n the_o prince_n council_n will_v not_o conclude_v a_o peace_n by_o reason_n that_o these_o cantred_n have_v ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o camber_n the_o son_n of_o brutus_n properly_z and_o legal_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n beside_o the_o confirmation_n which_o the_o present_a prince_n obtain_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o father_n at_o the_o treaty_n before_o cardinal_n ottobonus_n the_o pope_n legate_n who_o letter_n patent_n do_v still_o appear_v and_o more_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v plain_o evident_a that_o it_o be_v more_o reasonable_a for_o our_o heir_n to_o hold_v the_o say_a cantred_n for_o money_n and_o other_o service_n due_a to_o the_o king_n than_o that_o stranger_n enjoy_v the_o same_o who_o will_v forcible_o abuse_v and_o oppress_v the_o people_n 2._o all_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o cantred_n of_o wales_n do_v unanimous_o declare_v that_o they_o dare_v not_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n pleasure_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o never_o from_o the_o beginning_n take_v care_n to_o observe_v either_o covenant_n oath_n or_o any_o other_o grant_v to_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o people_n and_o because_o his_o subject_n have_v no_o regard_n to_o religion_n but_o most_o cruel_o and_o unchristian_o tyrannize_v over_o church_n and_o religious_a person_n and_o then_o for_o that_o we_o do_v not_o understand_v ourselves_o any_o way_n oblige_v thereunto_o see_v we_o be_v the_o prince_n tenant_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o pay_v the_o king_n all_o usual_a and_o accustom_a service_n 3._o as_o to_o what_o be_v require_v that_o the_o prince_n shall_v simple_o commit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n will_n we_o all_o declare_v that_o for_o the_o aforesaid_a reason_n none_o of_o we_o dare_v come_v neither_o will_v we_o permit_v our_o prince_n to_o come_v to_o he_o upon_o those_o condition_n 4._o that_o some_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n will_v endeavour_v to_o procure_v a_o provision_n of_o a_o thousand_o pound_n a_o year_n in_o england_n we_o will_v let_v they_o know_v that_o we_o can_v accept_v of_o no_o such_o pension_n because_o it_o be_v procure_v for_o no_o other_o end_n than_o that_o the_o prince_n be_v disinherit_v themselves_o may_v obtain_v his_o land_n in_o wales_n 5._o the_o prince_n can_v in_o honesty_n resign_v his_o paternal_a inheritance_n which_o have_v for_o many_o age_n be_v enjoy_v by_o his_o predecessor_n and_o accept_v of_o other_o land_n among_o the_o english_a of_o who_o custom_n and_o language_n he_o be_v ignorant_a and_o upon_o that_o score_n may_v at_o length_n be_v fraudulent_o deprive_v of_o all_o by_o his_o malicious_a and_o inveterate_a enemy_n 6._o see_v the_o king_n intend_v to_o deprive_v he_o of_o his_o ancient_a inheritance_n in_o wales_n where_o the_o land_n be_v more_o barren_a and_o untilled_a it_o be_v not_o very_o probable_a that_o he_o will_v bestow_v upon_o he_o a_o more_o fruitful_a and_o a_o aâ—able_a estate_n in_o england_n 7._o as_o to_o the_o clause_n that_o the_o prince_n shall_v give_v the_o king_n a_o perpetual_a possession_n of_o snowden_n we_o only_o affirm_v that_o see_v snowden_n essential_o belong_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n which_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v enjoy_v since_o brute_n the_o prince_n council_n will_v not_o permit_v he_o to_o renounce_v it_o and_o accept_v another_o estate_n in_o england_n to_o which_o he_o have_v not_o equal_a right_n 8._o the_o people_n of_o snowden_n declare_v that_o though_o the_o prince_n shall_v give_v the_o king_n possession_n of_o it_o they_o will_v never_o own_v and_o pay_v submission_n to_o stranger_n for_o in_o so_o do_v they_o will_v bring_v upon_o themselves_o the_o same_o misery_n that_o the_o people_n of_o the_o four_o cantred_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n groan_v under_o be_v most_o rude_o handle_v and_o unjust_o oppress_v by_o the_o king_n officer_n as_o woeful_o appear_v by_o their_o several_a grievance_n 9_o as_o for_o david_n the_o prince_n brother_n we_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o against_o his_o will_n he_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o take_v a_o journey_n to_o the_o holy-land_n which_o if_o he_o happen_v to_o undertake_v hereafter_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n it_o be_v no_o cause_n that_o his_o issue_n shall_v be_v disinherit_v but_o rather_o encourage_v now_o see_v neither_o the_o prince_n nor_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o have_v move_v and_o begin_v this_o war_n but_o only_o defend_v themselves_o their_o property_n law_n and_o liberty_n from_o the_o encroachment_n of_o other_o person_n and_o since_o the_o english_a for_o either_o malice_n or_o covetousness_n to_o obtain_v our_o estate_n have_v unjust_o occasion_v all_o these_o trouble_n and_o broil_n in_o the_o kingdom_n we_o be_v assure_v that_o our_o defence_n be_v just_a and_o lawful_a and_o therein_o depend_v upon_o the_o aid_n and_o assistance_n of_o heaven_n which_o will_v be_v most_o cruel_o revenge_v upon_o our_o sacrilegious_a and_o inhuman_a enemy_n who_o have_v leave_v no_o manner_n of_o enormity_n in_o relation_n to_o god_n and_o man_n uncommit_v therefore_o your_o grace_n will_v more_o just_o threaten_v your_o ecclesiastical_a censure_n against_o the_o author_n and_o abettor_n of_o such_o unparalleled_a villainy_n than_o the_o innocent_a sufferer_n and_o beside_o we_o much_o admire_v that_o you_o shall_v advise_v we_o to_o part_v with_o our_o own_o estate_n and_o to_o live_v among_o our_o enemy_n as_o if_o when_o we_o can_v peaceable_o enjoy_v what_o be_v our_o own_o unquestionable_a right_n we_o may_v expect_v to_o have_v quiet_a possession_n of_o another_o man_n and_o though_o as_o you_o say_v it_o be_v hard_a to_o live_v in_o war_n and_o perpetual_a danger_n yet_o much_o hard_a it_o be_v to_o be_v utter_o destroy_v and_o reduce_v to_o nothing_o especial_o when_o we_o seek_v but_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o own_o liberty_n from_o the_o insatiable_a ambition_n of_o our_o enemy_n and_o see_v your_o grace_n have_v promise_v to_o fulminate_v sentence_n against_o all_o they_o that_o either_o for_o malice_n or_o profit_n will_v hinder_v and_o obstruct_v the_o peace_n it_o be_v evident_a who_o in_o this_o respect_n be_v transgressor_n and_z delinquent_n the_o fear_n and_o apprehension_n of_o imprisonment_n
with_o great_a fury_n and_o courage_n face_v they_o and_o join_v battle_n force_v they_o back_o with_o a_o very_a considerable_a loss_n polydore_v virgil_n say_v but_o upon_o what_o authority_n be_v not_o know_v that_o the_o welsh_a obtain_v this_o victory_n rather_o upon_o the_o account_n that_o the_o english_a army_n be_v hire_v with_o such_o money_n as_o have_v be_v wrongful_o take_v out_o of_o the_o abbey_n and_o other_o religious_a place_n so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o judgement_n from_o above_o more_o than_o the_o force_n of_o the_o welsh_a that_o overcome_v the_o english_a army_n but_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o what_o it_o will_v it_o be_v certain_a the_o english_a be_v vanquish_v upon_o which_o account_n king_n edward_n come_v in_o person_n to_o wales_n and_o keep_v his_o christmas_n at_o aberconwey_n where_o robert_n winchelsey_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v return_v from_o rome_n come_v to_o he_o and_o have_v do_v homage_n return_v honourable_o again_o to_o england_n but_o as_o the_o king_n advance_v far_o into_o the_o country_n have_v but_o one_o part_n of_o his_o army_n with_o he_o the_o welsh_a set_v upon_o and_o take_v most_o of_o his_o carriage_n which_o contain_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o victual_n and_o provision_n so_o that_o the_o king_n with_o all_o his_o follower_n be_v constrain_v to_o endure_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o hardship_n in_o so_o much_o that_o at_o last_o water_n mix_v with_o honey_n and_o very_a course_n and_o ordinary_a bread_n with_o the_o salt_a meat_n be_v account_v the_o great_a delicacy_n for_o his_o majesty_n be_v own_o table_n but_o their_o misery_n be_v like_a to_o be_v great_a have_v not_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o army_n come_v in_o time_n because_o the_o welsh_a have_v encompass_v the_o king_n round_o in_o hope_n to_o reduce_v he_o to_o the_o utmost_a distress_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o rise_v that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n can_v not_o get_v to_o he_o but_o the_o water_n within_o some_o time_n after_o abate_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o army_n come_v in_o whereupon_o the_o welsh_a present_o retire_v and_o make_v their_o escape_n one_o thing_n be_v very_o remarkable_a of_o king_n edward_n during_o his_o distress_n at_o snowden_n that_o when_o the_o army_n be_v reduce_v to_o very_o great_a extremity_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o wine_n be_v find_v which_o they_o think_v to_o reserve_v for_o the_o king_n be_v own_o use_n but_o he_o to_o prevent_v any_o discontent_n which_o may_v thereupon_o be_v raise_v in_o his_o soldier_n absolute_o refuse_v to_o taste_v thereof_o tell_v they_o that_o in_o time_n of_o necessity_n all_o thing_n shall_v be_v common_a and_o as_o he_o be_v the_o cause_n and_o author_n of_o thâ—ir_a distress_n he_o will_v not_o be_v prefer_v before_o they_o in_o his_o diet._n but_o whilst_o the_o king_n remain_v in_o snowden_n the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n be_v inform_v that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o welch_n be_v assemble_v and_o have_v lodge_v themselves_o â—n_o a_o certain_a valley_n betwixt_o two_o wood_n choose_v out_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n together_o with_o some_o crossbow_n and_o archer_n and_o set_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o night_n time_n the_o welsh_a be_v thus_o surprise_v and_o unexpected_o encompass_v about_o by_o their_o enemy_n make_v the_o best_a they_o can_v to_o oppose_v they_o and_o so_o pitch_v their_o spear_n in_o the_o ground_n and_o direct_v the_o point_n towards_o their_o enemy_n endeavour_v by_o such_o mean_n to_o keep_v off_o the_o horse_n but_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n have_v order_v his_o battle_n so_o as_o that_o between_o every_o two_o horse_n there_o stand_v a_o cross-bow_n so_o gaul_v the_o welsh_a with_o the_o shot_n of_o the_o quarrel_n that_o the_o spear-man_n fall_v apace_o and_o then_o the_o horse_n break_v easy_o in_o upon_o the_o rest_n bear_v they_o down_o with_o so_o great_a a_o slaughter_n as_o the_o welsh_a have_v never_o receive_v before_o after_o this_o king_n edward_z to_o prevent_v any_o more_o rebellious_a attempt_n of_o the_o welsh_a cut_v down_o all_o the_o wood_n in_o wales_n wherein_o in_o any_o time_n of_o danger_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o hide_v and_o save_v themselves_o and_o for_o a_o far_a security_n he_o repair_v and_o fortify_v all_o the_o castle_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n in_o wales_n and_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o bewmoris_fw-la in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n and_o so_o have_v put_v all_o thing_n in_o a_o settle_a posture_n and_o punish_v those_o that_o have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o death_n of_o roger_n de_fw-fr pulesdon_n he_o return_v with_o his_o army_n into_o england_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n have_v leave_v the_o welsh_a madoc_n who_o as_o it_o be_v say_v before_o be_v choose_v captain_n by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n gather_v some_o force_n together_o and_o come_v to_o oswestry_n which_o present_o yield_v to_o he_o and_o then_o meet_v with_o the_o lord_n strange_a near_o knookine_n who_o with_o a_o detachment_n of_o the_o marcher_n come_v to_o oppose_v he_o give_v he_o battle_n vanquish_v his_o force_n and_o miserable_o ravage_v his_o country_n the_o like_a success_n he_o obtain_v a_o second_o time_n against_o the_o marcher_n but_o at_o last_o they_o bring_v together_o a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o meet_v madoc_n march_v towards_o shâ—ewsbury_n upon_o the_o hill_n of_o cefn_n digolh_n not_o far_o from_o camr_n castle_n where_o after_o a_o bloody_a fight_n on_o both_o side_n madoc_n be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o his_o army_n vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o flight_n then_o he_o be_v send_v to_o london_n and_o there_o sentence_v to_o remain_v in_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n in_o the_o tower_n though_o other_o affirm_v that_o madoc_n be_v never_o take_v but_o that_o after_o several_a adventure_n and_o severe_a conflict_n whereby_o the_o welsh_a be_v reduce_v to_o great_a extremity_n he_o come_v in_o and_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n who_o receive_v he_o upon_o condition_n he_o will_v not_o desist_v to_o pursue_v morgan_z captain_n of_o the_o glamorgan-shire_n man_n till_o he_o bring_v he_o prisoner_n before_o he_o madoc_n have_v perform_v this_o and_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v peaceable_a and_o undisturbed_a several_a hostage_n from_o the_o chief_a nobility_n of_o wales_n for_o their_o orderly_a and_o quiet_a behaviour_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o king_n who_o dispose_v of_o they_o into_o divers_a castle_n in_o england_n where_o they_o continue_v in_o safe_a custody_n till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o war_n which_o be_v presently-commencâ—d_a with_o scotland_n a.d._n 1301_o in_o the_o 29_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n reign_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n come_v down_o to_o chester_n and_o receive_v homage_n of_o all_o the_o freeholders_n in_o wales_n as_o follow_v henry_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n for_o monmouth_n reginald_n grace_n for_o ruthyn_n foulke_n fitzwarren_a for_o his_o land_n the_o lord_n william_n martin_n for_o his_o land_n in_o cemaes_n roger_n mortimer_n for_o his_o land_n in_o wales_n henry_n lacie_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n for_o rhos_n and_o rhyfoneioc_n robert_n lord_n montalt_n for_o his_o land_n and_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o poole_n for_o the_o lordship_n of_o powy_n at_o the_o same_o time_n pay_v their_o homage_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi grono_n of_o anglesey_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n archdeacon_n of_o anglesey_n eineon_n ap_fw-mi howel_n of_o caernarvon_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v gruffydh_fw-mi â—ychan_fw-mi son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n madoc_n fychan_n denglfield_n lhewelyn_n bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n and_z richard_z de_fw-fr pulesdon_n this_o last_o in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n be_v constitute_v sheriff_n of_o caernarvon_n for_o life_n with_o the_o stipend_n of_o forty_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a at_o the_o same_o place_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi tudor_n ithel_n fychan_n ithel_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n with_o many_o more_o do_v their_o homage_n then_o the_o prince_n come_v to_o ruthlan_n where_o the_o lord_n richard_n de_fw-fr sutton_n baron_n of_o malpas_n pay_v homage_n and_o fealty_n for_o the_o say_a barony_n of_o malpas_n thence_o the_o prince_n remove_v to_o conwey_n where_o eineon_n bishop_n of_o bangor_n and_o david_n abbot_n of_o maynan_n do_v their_o homage_n as_o do_v lewis_z de_fw-fr felton_n son_n of_o richard_n felton_n for_o the_o land_n which_o his_o father_n hold_v of_o the_o prince_n in_o maelor_n saesneg_n or_o english_a maelor_n john_n earl_n warren_n swear_v homage_n for_o the_o lordship_n of_o bromfield_n and_o yale_n and_o his_o land_n in_o hope-dale_n at_o london_n in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o lord_n john_n de_fw-fr kirkby_n sometime_o bishop_n of_o ely_n as_o also_o a_o while_n after_o edmund_z mortimer_z for_o his_o land_n of_o cery_n and_o cydewen_n but_o beside_o all_o these_o there_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n at_o chester_n sir_n
canonize_v 160._o john_n k._n of_o england_n in_o his_o way_n to_o ireland_n through_o wales_n discharge_v a_o criminal_a that_o murder_v a_o priest_n 226._o famish_v will_n de_fw-fr bruce_n and_o maud_n his_o aunt_n at_o windsor_n after_o his_o return_n 227._o the_o reason_n of_o his_o cruelty_n and_o disaffection_n to_o priest_n ib._n march_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o wales_n and_o return_n without_o success_n 229_o 230._o make_v a_o second_o expedition_n ib._n order_n foulk_n viscount_n cardyff_fw-mi to_o subdue_v those_o that_o oppose_v in_o south-wales_n and_o they_o at_o last_o do_v he_o homage_n but_o quick_o revolt_v 231_o 232._o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o wales_n 229._o make_v a_o second_o and_o three_o and_o hang_v the_o welsh_a pledge_n reconcile_v himself_o to_o rome_n and_o engage_v in_o a_o civil_a war_n with_o his_o baron_n 237._o dies_z and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n henry_n 242._o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n revolt_v from_o the_o earl_n of_o salop_n 124._o base_o use_v by_o k._n henry_n for_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o 125._o deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n 133._o forbid_v owen_n and_o madawc_n to_o retire_v to_o his_o estate_n 134._o beset_v and_o slay_v by_o madawc_n and_o llywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahern_n 137._o joseph_n bishop_n of_o llandaff_n die_v at_o rome_n 88_o ireland_n molest_v with_o locust_n 42._o ithel_n king_n of_o gwent_n slay_v 28._o l._n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sytsylht_n make_v himself_o prince_n of_o all_o wales_n 79._o his_o good_a government_n ib._n slay_v meuric_n that_o rebel_v against_o he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n 80._o suppress_v another_o rebellion_n 81._o base_o slay_v ibid._n lhewelyn_n p._n of_o north-wales_n take_v david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n prisoner_n 217._o receive_v homage_n of_o most_o of_o the_o welsh_a lord_n 222._o conquer_v gwenwynwyn_n country_n 225._o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o south-w_n and_o maelgon_n flee_v 225_o 226._o marry_v joan_n king_n john_n daughter_n 224._o sue_v and_o obtain_v peace_n of_o the_o king_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o wife_n 231._o animate_v the_o lord_n of_o north-wales_n to_o join_v with_o he_o in_o a_o revolt_n against_o the_o king_n 233._o dispossess_v the_o english_a of_o all_o their_o hold_n in_o his_o country_n 237._o take_v shrewsbury_n though_o excommunicate_v by_o the_o pope_n 238._o subdue_v cardigan_n and_o carmarthen_n 240._o reconcile_v the_o â—onds_n in_o south-wales_n 241._o subdue_v powis_n 242._o refuse_v assistance_n to_o king_n john_n against_o the_o dauphine_n ibid._n make_v rynald_n bruce_n who_o have_v revolt_v submit_v to_o he_o â—43_n receive_v the_o submission_n and_o allegiance_n of_o the_o fleming_n in_o dyfed_a ibid._n subdue_v the_o revolt_a flemings_n again_o 246._o make_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n submit_v ibid._n complain_v of_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o young_a rhys_n adju_v matter_n with_o he_o 247._o seize_v the_o castle_n of_o william_n marshal_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n in_o wales_n and_o occasion_n a_o war_n between_o they_o 247_o 248._o worst_n the_o english_a army_n pay_v homage_n to_o henry_n iii_o 249._o destroy_v the_o march_n 252._o make_v a_o descent_n upon_o england_n 253._o be_v join_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o pembroke_n against_o king_n henry_n rout_v his_o army_n 254._o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o the_o king_n territory_n 255._o make_v peace_n with_o the_o king_n 256._o set_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n at_o liberty_n ibid._n bury_v his_o princess_n joan_n 257._o force_a to_o quit_v the_o siege_n of_o ruthlan_n 258._o make_v the_o welsh_a do_v homage_n to_o his_o son_n david_n ibid._n die_n his_o character_n and_o issue_n â—59_n llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi and_o owen_n gôch_v his_o brother_n declare_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 269._o quarrel_n and_o owen_n with_o his_o brother_n david_n make_v close_a prisoner_n 271._o recover_v the_o inland_n country_n of_o north-wales_n from_o the_o english_a 272._o waste_v cheshire_n ibid._n beat_v the_o irish_a by_o sea_n 273._o desire_n peace_n with_o the_o king_n but_o fail_v 277._o kind_a to_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n 278._o make_v a_o peace_n by_o the_o pope_n mediation_n with_o the_o king_n 279._o refuse_v to_o attend_v upon_o king_n edward_n coronation_n 280._o the_o reason_n for_o his_o refusal_n 281._o a_o accident_n make_v he_o pliable_a 283._o severe_a condition_n of_o peace_n impose_v upon_o he_o 284._o marry_a to_o elinor_n earl_n montfords_n daughter_n at_o worcester_n 285._o reconcile_v with_o his_o brother_n david_n and_o join_v against_o the_o english_a 286._o offer_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o king_n conditional_o 292._o send_v a_o letter_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o general_a answer_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o his_o proposal_n 293_o 294_o 295._o betray_v in_o buellt_n and_o kill_v 297._o london_n besiege_v by_o the_o dane_n 65._o m._n mahael_n dispossess_v of_o his_o inheritance_n by_o his_o unnatural_a mother_n nest_n mean_n and_o how_o 115._o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powis_n stick_v to_o the_o english_a interest_n 173._o madawc_n reconcile_v to_o king_n henry_n 138._o take_a prisoner_n by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 139._o have_v his_o eye_n pull_v out_o by_o owen_n ibid._n madawc_n ab_fw-la owen_n gwynedh_n sail_v into_o america_n 196._o plant_n a_o colony_n there_o ib._n maelgon_n disturb_v south-wales_n 228._o beat_v by_o his_o nephew_n rhys_n and_o owen_n 229._o march_v earl_n of_o marry_v owen_n glyndwr_n daughter_n 318._o consent_v by_o indenture_n to_o divide_v england_n between_o owen_n piercy_n and_o himself_o 318._o maud_n the_o empress_n land_n in_o england_n and_o be_v receive_v at_o arundel_n 162._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n possess_v of_o all_o wales_n 64._o dispossess_v of_o north-wales_n 67._o and_o rout_v by_o edwal_n ap_fw-mi meuric_n their_o new_a prince_n 68_o die_v without_o issue_n male_a 69._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n make_v prince_n of_o south-wales_n 96._o slay_a in_o battle_n against_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi 102._o meredith_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi prevail_v in_o south-wales_n 171._o meredith_n death_n and_o character_n 172._o merfyn_n frych_a be_v make_v king_n of_o wales_n 24._o be_v slay_v 27._o merlin_n ambrose_n and_o sylvester_n their_o time_n country_n and_o prophecy_n 10_o 11._o morgan_z hên_o die_v a_o hundred_o year_n old_a his_o marriage_n estate_n and_o issue_v 58._o morgan_z ap_fw-mi owen_n kill_v robert_n fitz-gilbert_n and_o his_o son_n 157._o slay_v 175._o morgan_z ap_fw-mi cadogan_n repent_v of_o his_o murder_n commit_v 156._o murder_n commit_v 156._o item_n 163._o n._n newmarch_n a_o norman_a obtain_v the_o lordship_n of_o brecknock_n and_o marry_v nest_n daughter_n to_o llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi 115._o norman_n twice_o decimate_v and_o put_v to_o death_n in_o england_n 86._o they_o waste_v and_o plunder_v dyfe_v 103._o they_o seize_v upon_o the_o lordship_n of_o glamorgan_n 113._o the_o name_n of_o the_o adventurer_n ibid._n they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o several_a lordship_n in_o wales_n 117._o divers_a of_o they_o slay_v in_o cardigan_n ibid._n rout_v again_o by_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o their_o castle_n destroy_v 118._o slaughter_v divers_a time_n by_o the_o welsh_a and_o force_v to_o quit_v the_o country_n 119_o 120._o northumberland_n invade_v by_o the_o scot_n 109._o o._n offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n make_v a_o ditch_n from_o sea_n to_o sea_n 20._o his_o death_n 21._o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n a_o traitor_n to_o his_o country_n 121._o make_a prince_n of_o wales_n by_o the_o english_a but_o soon_o lose_v it_o 122._o his_o death_n and_o pedigree_n 126._o owen_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n enamour_v of_o nest_n the_o wife_n of_o gerald_n king_n henry_n lieutenant_n in_o wales_n 129._o steal_v she_o away_o ibid._n fly_v into_o ireland_n 135._o return_n and_o waste_v the_o country_n in_o conjunction_n with_o maradoc_n ap_fw-mi riryd_n 133._o his_o man_n slay_v a_o english_a bishop_n the_o cause_n of_o cadwgan_n his_o father_n be_v dispossess_v of_o his_o estate_n 135._o force_v to_o flee_v into_o ireland_n with_o madawc_n ibid._n return_n and_o be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n 138._o divide_v madawc's_o estate_n between_o himself_o and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n 139._o flee_v for_o fear_n of_o king_n henry_n into_o north-wales_n 140._o reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n 141._o owen_n be_v brave_a and_o knight_v in_o normandy_n 142._o employ_v by_o king_n henry_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n 148._o slay_v by_o gerald_n 149._o owen_n gwynedh_n succeed_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 160._o mighty_o concern_v at_o the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n run_v 165._o take_v and_o race_n the_o castle_n of_o mould_n 166._o pull_v out_o his_o nephew_n cunedah_n eye_n and_o castrate_v he_o 170._o be_v provoke_v invade_v llandhinam_n 193._o dies_fw-la his_o character_n and_o issue_n 194._o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o owen_n fychan_n dispossess_v jorwerth_n gôch_o of_o his_o estate_n in_o powis_n 192._o cyfeilioc_fw-la dies_fw-la
let_v but_o that_o courage_n and_o those_o arm_n make_v we_o conqueror_n and_o we_o shall_v refuse_v no_o service_n you_o shall_v please_v to_o impose_v to_o this_o message_n the_o saxon_n return_v this_o short_a answer_n assure_v yourselves_o the_o saxon_n will_v be_v true_a friend_n to_o the_o britain_n and_o as_o such_o shall_v be_v always_o ready_a both_o to_o relieve_v their_o necessity_n and_o to_o advance_v their_o interest_n the_o saxon_n be_v thus_o happy_o court_v to_o what_o themselves_o have_v a_o thousand_o time_n wish_v for_o arrive_v soon_o after_o in_o britain_n in_o three_o galley_n call_v in_o their_o own_o language_n kiule_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o two_o brethren_n hengist_n and_o horsa_n be_v honourable_o receive_v by_o the_o king_n and_o affectionate_o treat_v by_o the_o people_n their_o faith_n be_v give_v of_o both_o side_n the_o saxon_n stipulate_v to_o defend_v the_o britain_n country_n and_o the_o britain_n to_o give_v the_o saxon_n a_o satisfactory_a reward_n for_o all_o the_o pain_n and_o danger_n they_o shall_v undergo_v upon_o their_o account_n at_o first_o the_o saxon_n show_v themselves_o very_o diligent_a in_o their_o employment_n and_o successful_o repel_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n who_o be_v probable_o ignorant_a of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o fear_v no_o opposition_n bold_o advance_v to_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o country_n but_o when_o the_o saxon_n become_v better_o acquaint_v with_o the_o island_n and_o happy_o discover_v the_o weakness_n and_o inability_n of_o the_o britain_n under_o pretence_n that_o their_o pay_n be_v not_o answerable_a to_o their_o service_n and_o desert_n they_o quarrel_v with_o the_o britain_n and_o instead_o of_o support_v they_o according_a to_o oath_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o their_o enemy_n the_o scot_n moreover_o hengist_n perceive_v with_o who_o he_o have_v to_o do_v send_v over_o to_o acquaint_v his_o countryman_n with_o the_o beauty_n and_o fertility_n of_o the_o island_n the_o infirmity_n and_o effeminacy_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n invite_v they_o to_o be_v sharer_n of_o his_o future_a success_n and_o expectation_n to_o his_o invitation_n they_o ready_o comply_v and_o sail_v over_o in_o great_a number_n they_o think_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o that_o country_n which_o fortune_n promise_v shall_v be_v their_o own_o but_o they_o must_v fight_v for_o it_o first_o the_o britain_n be_v resolve_v to_o the_o last_o to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o their_o country_n against_o these_o treacherous_a practice_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o if_o possible_a to_o drive_v they_o to_o their_o primitive_a habitation_n for_o when_o the_o britain_n become_v sensible_a of_o the_o undermine_a aim_n of_o the_o saxon_n how_o they_o secret_o endeavour_v the_o total_a extirpation_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n they_o present_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o sword_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v signal_o famous_a for_o their_o valour_n and_o conduct_n this_o the_o saxon_n afterward_o grievous_o feel_v though_o the_o total_a recovery_n of_o britain_n prove_v impracticable_a for_o want_v of_o power_n the_o saxon_n have_v by_o massacre_n and_o other_o treacherous_a mean_n most_o unmerciful_o lessen_v the_o force_n and_o number_n of_o the_o britain_n king_n vortigern_n love_v his_o ease_n too_o well_o to_o observe_v their_o practice_n and_o beside_o become_v so_o foolish_o enamour_a with_o the_o daughter_n of_o hengist_n which_o purposely_o be_v lay_v to_o entrap_v he_o that_o the_o saxon_a upon_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o marriage_n begin_v to_o carve_v for_o himself_o and_o during_o vortigern_n reign_n lay_v so_o firm_a a_o foundation_n for_o the_o saxon_a conquest_n that_o the_o succeed_a british_a king_n though_o famous_o valiant_a can_v never_o undermine_v it_o this_o sottishness_n of_o his_o father_n young_a vortimer_n can_v not_o at_o length_n endure_v to_o see_v himself_o and_o his_o country_n so_o open_o and_o shameful_o impose_v upon_o by_o stranger_n and_o therefore_o he_o resolve_v to_o take_v the_o british_a government_n upon_o himself_o and_o to_o endeavour_v the_o universal_a expulsion_n of_o the_o saxon_n with_o he_o the_o british_a nobility_n willing_o join_v and_o after_o several_a famous_a victory_n over_o the_o saxon_n he_o be_v unhappy_o poison_v by_o a_o saxon_a lady_n after_o he_o the_o britain_n brave_o defend_v themselves_o against_o the_o prevail_a greatness_n of_o the_o saxon_n under_o these_o valiant_a prince_n aurelius_n ambrose_n uter_n pendragon_n arthur_n constantine_n ii_o aurelius_n conanus_fw-la vortiper_n and_o maelgon_n to_o he_o succeed_v careticus_fw-la in_o who_o time_n the_o saxon_n aspire_v to_o a_o total_a conquest_n of_o britain_n invite_v over_o one_o gurmundus_fw-la a_o norwegian_a pirate_n who_o have_v late_o signalise_v himself_o in_o ireland_n and_o obtain_v a_o conquest_n over_o that_o kingdom_n he_o they_o employ_v to_o march_v against_o careticus_fw-la who_o be_v overcome_v and_o vanquish_v by_o he_o the_o britain_n be_v force_v some_o to_o retire_v beyond_o the_o river_n severn_n and_o dee_n some_o to_o cornwall_n and_o the_o rest_n to_o little_a britain_n in_o france_n the_o british_a affair_n be_v now_o bring_v very_o low_a and_o their_o government_n reduce_v within_o a_o very_a narrow_a compass_n so_o that_o the_o title_n of_o the_o king_n of_o britain_n can_v be_v but_o superficial_o attribute_v to_o the_o succeed_a prince_n cadwan_n cadwallan_n and_o cadwallader_n cadwallader_n cadwallader_n surname_v bbendige_v or_o the_o bless_a be_v the_o last_o of_o british_a race_n that_o enjoy_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o britain_n after_o he_o the_o welsh_a who_o be_v the_o most_o numerous_a remain_v of_o the_o britain_n disdain_v to_o own_o any_o subjection_n to_o the_o oppress_a saxon_n set_v up_o a_o new_a government_n among_o themselves_o and_o alter_v the_o style_n of_o british_a king_n to_o that_o of_o prince_n of_o wales_n but_o whilst_o cadwallader_n rule_v in_o britain_n a_o very_a severe_a famine_n attend_v with_o a_o rage_a pestilence_n which_o assure_o spring_v from_o the_o continue_a war_n which_o be_v so_o eager_o carry_v on_o betwixt_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n happen_v in_o the_o island_n which_o occasion_v a_o most_o lamentable_a mortality_n among_o his_o subject_n insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v compel_v together_o with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o nobility_n and_o other_o to_o retire_v for_o refuge_n to_o his_o cousin_n alan_n king_n of_o lhydaw_n or_o little_a britain_n in_o france_n there_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o meet_v with_o all_o civility_n suitable_a to_o his_o quality_n and_o condition_n as_o well_o because_o of_o his_o own_o near_a relation_n and_o consanguinity_n to_o alan_n as_o upon_o the_o account_n that_o their_o subject_n be_v original_o one_o and_o the_o same_o people_n for_o the_o britain_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 384._o go_v over_o out_o of_o this_o island_n under_o the_o command_n of_o conan_n lord_n of_o meriadoc_n to_o the_o aid_n of_o maximus_n the_o tyrant_n against_o the_o emperor_n gratianus_n for_o this_o service_n maximus_n grant_v to_o conan_n and_o his_o follower_n the_o country_n of_o armorica_n where_o the_o britain_n have_v drive_v out_o the_o former_a inhabitant_n seat_v themselves_o and_o erect_v a_o kingdom_n which_o last_v for_o many_o year_n under_o several_a king_n who_o name_n and_o succession_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o armorican_a king_n 1._o conan_n meriadoc_n 2._o gradlonus_fw-la 3._o solomon_n i._n 4._o auldranus_fw-la 5._o bâ—â—â—ous_a i._n 6._o hoâ—â—lus_fw-la magnus_fw-la 7._o howâ—lus_n ii_o 8._o alâ—mâ—_n i._n 9_o hoâ—â—lus_fw-la iii_o â—0_n cilâ—uâ—llus_n â—1_n solomon_n ii_o â—2_n alanâ—â—_n ii_o 13._o conobertus_fw-la 14._o budicus_n ii_o 15._o theodoricus_n 16._o rubalhonus_n 17._o daniel_n dremrost_n i._n e._n rubicunda_fw-la fancy_n 18._o aregstanus_fw-la 19_o maconus_n 20._o neomenius_n 21._o haruspogius_fw-la 22._o solomon_n iii_o alan_n ii_o then_o reign_v in_o little_a britain_n when_o cadâ—alader_n be_v force_v to_o forsake_v his_o own_o dominion_n â—nd_v to_o retire_v beyond_o the_o sea_n he_o be_v descend_v â—â—om_n ruâ—â—_n the_o son_n of_o mailgon_n gwyneth_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n by_o a_o daughter_n marry_v to_o howel_n the_o second_o king_n of_o little_a britain_n this_o kingdom_n remain_v â—â—rm_n till_o solomon_n iii_o who_o be_v treacherous_o slay_v â—y_a his_o own_o subject_n upon_o which_o unlucky_a accident_n â—he_v kingdom_n be_v convert_v to_o a_o earldom_n whereof_o â—ne_a alan_n be_v the_o first_o a_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a prince_n who_o stout_o resist_v the_o norman_n and_o frequent_o vanquish_v and_o overcome_v they_o but_o after_o that_o cadwallader_n have_v continue_v some_o time_n with_o alan_n the_o plague_n be_v abate_v in_o britain_n he_o purpose_v to_o return_v and_o if_o possible_a to_o recover_v that_o â—art_n of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o the_o saxon_n be_v now_o in_o possession_n of_o he_o receive_v frequent_a intelligence_n of_o â—heir_a number_n and_o
cadelh_n king_n of_o powis_n his_o father_n mother_n these_o three_o dominion_n roderic_n divide_v between_o hâ—â—_n three_o son_n appoint_v north-wales_n for_o his_o elder_a soâ—_n anarawd_n south-wales_n to_o cadelh_n who_o short_o after_o 〈◊〉_d father_n death_n forcible_o seize_v upon_o his_o brother_n mâ—â—fyn's_n portion_n upon_o who_o roderic_n have_v bestoweâ—_n powis-land_n wales_n be_v thus_o divide_v between_o the_o three_o prince_n they_o be_v call_v y_o tri_n tywysoc_n taâ—â—thioc_n or_o the_o three_o crown_a prince_n by_o reason_n thâ—â—_n each_o of_o they_o do_v wear_v on_o his_o helmet_n a_o coronet_n 〈◊〉_d gold_n be_v a_o broad_a head-band_n indent_a upwarâ—_n set_v and_o wrought_v with_o precious_a stone_n which_o in_o 〈◊〉_d british_a tongue_n be_v call_v talaeth_n to_o each_o of_o the_o prince_n roderic_n build_v a_o royal_a seat_n for_o the_o prinâ—â—_n of_o gwyneth_n or_o north-wales_n at_o aberffraw_n of_o souâ—â—wales_n at_o dinefawr_n for_o the_o prince_n of_o powis_n at_o mâ—thrafel_n roderic_n have_v issue_n also_o beside_o these_o threâ—_n roderic_n meyric_n edwal_n or_o tadwal_n gwyriad_n aâ—â—_n gathelic_n but_o roderic_n have_v divide_v his_o principality_n betwixt_o his_o elder_a son_n namely_o aberffraw_n with_o the_o fifteen_o cantred_n thereunto_o belong_v to_o anarawd_n dinefawr_n with_o its_o fifteen_o cantred_n extend_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n dofi_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o severn_n to_o cadelh_n and_o powis_n with_o fifteen_o cantred_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi to_o the_o bridge_n over_o severn_n at_o gloucester_n to_o merfyn_n ordain_v that_o his_o elder_a son_n anarawd_n and_o his_o successor_n shall_v continue_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o ancient_a tribute_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o other_o two_o their_o heir_n and_o successor_n shall_v acknowledge_v his_o sovereignty_n and_o that_o upon_o any_o foreign_a invasion_n they_o shall_v mutual_o aid_v and_o protect_v one_o another_o and_o he_o far_o appoint_v that_o when_o any_o difference_n shall_v arise_v betwixt_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o cardigan_n or_o dynefawr_n the_o three_o prince_n shall_v meet_v at_o bwlch_n you_o pawl_v and_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n shall_v be_v umpire_n but_o if_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o powy_n fall_v at_o variance_n they_o shall_v meet_v at_o dôl_n rhianedd_n probable_o morva_n rhianedd_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi where_o the_o king_n of_o cardigan_n be_v to_o adjust_a the_o controversy_n and_o if_o the_o quarrel_v happen_v betwixt_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n and_o cardigan_n the_o meeting_n be_v appoint_v at_o llys_n wen_n upon_o the_o river_n wye_n and_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o the_o better_a to_o frustrate_v any_o attempt_n of_o the_o english_a he_o ordain_v moreover_o that_o all_o stronghold_n castle_n and_o citradel_n shall_v be_v fortify_v and_o keep_v in_o repair_n that_o all_o church_n and_o religious_a house_n shall_v be_v re-edify_v and_o adorn_v and_o that_o in_o all_o age_n the_o history_n of_o britain_n be_v faithful_o register_v and_o transcribe_v shall_v be_v keep_v therein_o anarawd_n the_o welsh_a have_v often_o sorrowful_o feel_v the_o unnatural_a effect_n of_o inward_a sedition_n and_o of_o be_v govern_v by_o several_a prince_n which_o be_v now_o unavoidable_o to_o be_v renew_v by_o reason_n of_o roderic_n imprudent_a division_n of_o his_o dominion_n between_o his_o three_o son_n for_o the_o several_a principality_n be_v unite_v in_o he_o it_o be_v certain_o the_o most_o politic_a mean_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o country_n from_o the_o inveterate_a fury_n of_o the_o english_a to_o compose_v the_o inward_a difference_n which_o will_v otherwise_o happen_v by_o perpetuate_a the_o whole_a government_n of_o wales_n in_o one_o prince_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a effectual_o to_o oppose_v the_o common_a enemy_n by_o separate_a army_n and_o where_o a_o different_a interest_n interfere_v as_o if_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o same_o country_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o same_o prince_n be_v unanimous_o regard_v this_o be_v the_o unhappiness_n of_o the_o ancient_a britain_n when_v the_o roman_n invade_v their_o country_n domestic_a broil_n and_o inward_a dissension_n be_v sownâ—_n among_o themselves_o they_o can_v not_o agree_v to_o unite_v their_o power_n and_o joint_o to_o oppose_v the_o common_a enemy_n so_o that_o tacitus_n wise_o conclude_v dum_fw-la singuâ—â—_fw-la pugnant_fw-la universi_fw-la vincuntur_fw-la there_o be_v few_o â—_z but_o have_v experience_v the_o folly_n of_o be_v rend_v into_o several_a portion_n and_o the_o downfall_n of_o that_o greaâ—_n body_n the_o roman_a empire_n may_v not_o be_v absurd_o attribute_v to_o constantine_n divide_v of_o it_o between_o hiâ—_n son_n but_o the_o welsh_a at_o this_o time_n present_o feel_v the_o unhappiness_n of_o it_o cadelh_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v dissatisfy_v with_o his_o portion_n and_o desirous_a to_o feed_v his_o ambition_n with_o large_a territory_n can_v not_o spare_v his_o brother_n merfyn_n country_n but_o must_v needs_o forcible_o dispossess_v he_o of_o his_o lawful_a inheritance_n and_o so_o involve_v the_o welsh_a in_o a_o civil_a war._n but_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n proceed_v in_o anarawd_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderic_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n over_o north-wales_n in_o the_o year_n 877._o a.d._n 877_o at_o that_o time_n rollo_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n of_o norman_n descend_v into_o france_n and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o country_n of_o neustria_n which_o from_o they_o have_v since_o receive_v the_o name_n of_o normandy_n but_o the_o treacherous_a dane_n in_o england_n who_o have_v retire_v to_o the_o city_n of_o exeter_n quick_o violate_v the_o capitulation_n which_o they_o have_v late_o swear_v to_o observe_v and_o upon_o that_o account_n be_v so_o warm_o pursue_v by_o king_n alfred_n that_o they_o glad_o deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o article_n former_o agree_v upon_o between_o they_o but_o it_o be_v not_o their_o intention_n to_o keep_v they_o long_o for_o the_o next_o year_n they_o again_o break_v lose_v possess_v themselves_o of_o all_o the_o country_n upon_o the_o north-side_n of_o thames_n and_o pass_v the_o river_n put_v the_o english_a to_o flight_n and_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o chippenham_n in_o west-sax_n but_o their_o whole_a army_n do_v not_o succeed_v so_o well_o for_o alfred_n meet_v with_o a_o party_n of_o they_o slay_v their_o captain_n and_o take_v their_o standard_n which_o the_o dane_n call_v raven_n after_o this_o he_o vanquish_v they_o again_o at_o edendown_n where_o after_o that_o the_o dane_n have_v give_v hostage_n for_o their_o peaceable_a behaviour_n godrun_v their_o commander_n receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o so_o reign_v in_o east-angle_n but_o this_o opportunity_n seem_v to_o threaten_v a_o great_a storm_n upon_o wales_n for_o beside_o the_o death_n of_o aedan_n the_o son_n of_o a.d._n 878_o melht_n a_o nobleman_n of_o the_o country_n the_o article_n of_o composition_n between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o dane_n occasion_v these_o last_o to_o join_v their_o power_n with_o the_o people_n of_o mercia_n to_o fight_v against_o the_o welsh_a between_o who_o a_o severe_a battle_n be_v fight_v at_o conwey_n wherein_o the_o welsh_a obtain_v a_o very_a signal_n victory_n which_o be_v call_v dial_n rodri_n or_o the_o revenge_n of_o the_o death_n of_o prince_n roderic_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o mercian_n be_v so_o irreconcilable_o enrage_v against_o the_o welsh_a at_o this_o time_n be_v this_o after_o the_o death_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a the_o northern_a britain_n of_o stratelwyd_n and_o cumberland_n be_v mighty_o infest_a and_o weaken_a through_o the_o daily_a incursion_n of_o the_o dane_n saxon_n and_o scot_n insomuch_o that_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o will_v not_o submit_v their_o neck_n to_o the_o yoke_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v their_o country_n and_o to_o seek_v for_o more_o quiet_a habitation_n therefore_o towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o anarawd_n reign_n several_a of_o they_o come_v to_o gwyneth_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o hoberet_fw-la who_o distress_a condition_n the_o prince_n commiserate_v grant_v they_o all_o the_o country_n betwixt_o chester_n and_o conwey_n to_o seat_n themselves_o in_o in_o case_n they_o can_v drive_v out_o the_o saxon_n who_o have_v late_o possess_v themselves_o of_o it_o the_o britain_n have_v return_v their_o thanks_o to_o anarawd_n present_o fall_v to_o work_v and_o necessity_n give_v edge_n to_o their_o valour_n they_o easy_o dispossess_v the_o saxon_n who_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o warm_a in_o their_o seat_n for_o some_o time_n they_o continue_v peaceable_o in_o this_o part_n of_o wales_n but_o eadred_a duke_n of_o mercia_n call_v by_o the_o welsh_a edryd_n wallthîr_n not_o be_v able_a any_o long_o to_o bear_v such_o a_o ignominious_a ejection_n make_v great_a preparation_n
excellent_a quality_n both_o warlike_a and_o religious_a and_o one_o that_o found_v several_a monastery_n and_o â—â—ligious_a house_n and_o particular_o at_o bangor_n for_o jago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n have_v flee_v to_o king_n edgar_n prevail_v so_o far_o with_o he_o that_o he_o bring_v a_o army_n inâ—â—_n north-wales_n to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o right_n be_v advance_v as_o far_o as_o bangor_n he_o be_v honourable_o receive_v 〈◊〉_d howel_n who_o at_o his_o request_n be_v content_v his_o unâ—â—â—_n jago_n shall_v have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o government_n as_o he_o use_v in_o his_o father_n ievaf_n time_n then_o edgar_n found_v 〈◊〉_d new_a church_n at_o bangor_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o cathedral_n which_o he_o dedicate_v to_o the_o bless_a virgin_n â—ary_a and_o confirm_v the_o ancient_a liberty_n of_o that_o â—â—â—e_a and_o bestow_v land_n and_o gift_n upon_o it_o and_o â—â—en_o with_o howel_n and_o jago_n in_o his_o company_n he_o marchâ—â—_n towards_o chester_n where_o meet_v he_o by_o appointment_n â—â—x_v king_n more_o viz._n keneth_n king_n of_o the_o scot_n malâ—â—_n king_n of_o cumberland_n macon_n king_n of_o man_n and_o â—â—fnwal_a sifrethus_n and_o ithel_n three_o british_a king_n â—hese_n eight_o prince_n have_v do_v homage_n and_o swear_v â—ealty_n to_o he_o enter_v with_o he_o into_o his_o barge_n and_o â—wed_v he_o four_o of_o each_o side_n from_o his_o palace_n to_o the_o church_n or_o monastery_n of_o s._n john_n baptist_n and_o divine_a â—ervice_n be_v end_v in_o like_a state_n row_v he_o back_o â—gain_o to_z king_n edgar_z succeed_v his_o son_n edward_n surname_v the_o young_a who_o after_o four_o year_n reign_v wâ—_n treacherous_o slay_v through_o the_o treason_n of_o his_o stepmother_n elfrida_n to_o make_v room_n for_o her_o own_o son_n edelred_n upon_o pretence_n of_o who_o minority_n be_v a_o child_n oâ—ly_o of_o seven_o year_n she_o may_v have_v the_o management_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o her_o own_o hand_n but_o whilst_o thâ—_n a.d._n 976_o english_a be_v in_o this_o wave_n and_o unsettled_a condition_n eineon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n king_n of_o south-wales_n tâ—â—_n second_o time_n enter_v the_o country_n of_o gwyr_n and_o hauâ—â—â—_n spoil_v and_o waste_v it_o return_v home_o again_o thâ—â—_n though_o a_o unsufferable_a affront_n to_o howel_n prince_n 〈◊〉_d north-wales_n yet_o he_o think_v it_o most_o convenient_a 〈◊〉_d pass_v by_o and_o wink_v at_o it_o be_v then_o warm_o engagâ—â—_n against_o the_o aider_n and_o abettor_n of_o his_o uncle_n jagâ—_n and_o march_v against_o they_o with_o a_o numerous_a aâ—â—â—_n consist_v of_o welch_n and_o english_a pursue_v they_o to_o lâ—â—â—_n and_o kelynnoc_n fawr_n the_o very_a extremity_n of_o walâ—â—_n where_o after_o cruel_a ravage_v and_o miserable_a harass_a 〈◊〉_d the_o country_n about_o jago_z be_v at_o last_o take_v prisoneâ—_n but_o so_o generous_o receive_v by_o howel_n that_o he_o granâ—_n his_o uncle_n to_o enjoy_v his_o portion_n of_o the_o country_n peaceable_o for_o his_o life_n but_o he_o do_v not_o deal_v so_o kindly_a wâ—â—â—_n his_o uncle_n edwal_n fychan_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n wâ—â—â—_n a.d._n 979_o for_o what_o pretence_n not_o discover_v be_v slay_v by_o hâ—â—_n it_o may_v be_v that_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n secure_a of_o his_o uncle_n jago_n he_o be_v apprehensive_a that_o edwal_n fychan_n woâ—â—â—_n put_v in_o his_o pretence_n for_o the_o principality_n and_o therefâ—â—â—_n he_o judge_v it_o convenient_a to_o remove_v this_o obstacle_n 〈◊〉_d time_n and_o to_o send_v he_o to_o seek_v for_o it_o in_o another_o woâ—â—â—_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a injustice_n aâ—â—_n inhumanity_n in_o prince_n than_o the_o jealousy_n and_o apprehension_n of_o rival_n and_o pretender_n to_o their_o government_n to_o prevent_v which_o they_o will_v sacrifice_v any_o thing_n tâ—â—â—_n be_v just_a and_o legal_a so_o that_o the_o person_n offend_v be_v 〈◊〉_d move_v out_o of_o the_o way_n but_o though_o howel_n have_v â—â—thered_v his_o uncle_n edwal_n fychan_n yet_o he_o can_v not_o 〈◊〉_d move_v all_o dispute_n and_o pretence_n to_o north_n waleâ—_n for_o at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o he_o be_v employ_v in_o tâ—â—_n unnatural_a action_n cystenyn_n dhu_n or_o constantine_n 〈◊〉_d black_a son_n to_z jago_z then_o prisoner_n to_o howel_n have_v â—â—red_v a_o army_n of_o dane_n under_o the_o command_n of_o godfâ—â—â—_n â—â—e_v son_n of_o harold_n march_v against_o his_o cousin_n howel_n use_v enter_v north-wales_n destroy_v anglesey_n and_o lhyn_n â—hereupon_o howel_n have_v draw_v his_o force_n together_o 〈◊〉_d upon_o they_o at_o a_o place_n call_v gwayth_n hirbarth_n â—here_o the_o dane_n receive_v a_o very_a shameful_a overthrow_n â—nd_v constantine_n the_o son_n of_o jago_n be_v slay_v but_o another_o army_n of_o dane_n fare_v better_o in_o england_n who_o haâ—â—ng_v land_v at_o and_o spoil_v southampton_n overran_a the_o country_n of_o devon_n and_o cornwall_n burn_v the_o town_n of_o â—odman_n whereby_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o st._n peâ—kes_v with_o the_o bishop_n palace_n be_v lay_v in_o ash_n â—y_a reason_n of_o which_o disaster_n that_o bishop_n see_v be_v â—â—anslated_v to_o st._n germains_n where_o it_o continue_v till_o the_o â—â—iting_n thereof_o to_o crediton_n within_o a_o while_n after_o 〈◊〉_d dunstan_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n die_v a_o pious_a â—nd_n religious_a person_n who_o foretold_v of_o very_o great_a and_o â—â—supportable_a calamity_n the_o english_a shall_v endure_v â—y_a the_o cruel_a outrage_n of_o the_o dane_n but_o godfryd_n the_o son_n of_o harold_n be_v high_o disguâ—â—ed_v a.d._n 981_o at_o the_o shameful_a rout_n he_o receive_v of_o howel_n in_o the_o quarrel_n of_o constantine_n be_v resolve_v to_o recover_v his_o credit_n and_o to_o revenge_v himself_o of_o the_o welsh_a and_o accord_o he_o land_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n in_o west-wales_n where_o after_o that_o he_o have_v spoil_v the_o land_n of_o â—yfed_a with_o the_o church_n of_o st._n david_n he_o fight_v the_o â—â—mous_a battle_n of_o lhanwanoc_n but_o harold_n be_v force_v â—pon_o this_o to_o retire_v and_o forsake_v the_o country_n the_o follow_a a.d._n 982_o year_n duke_n alfred_n with_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o english_a come_v to_o supply_v his_o room_n and_o to_o conquer_v â—he_n welch_n but_o he_o receive_v as_o little_a advantage_n or_o honour_n as_o harold_n in_o this_o expedition_n for_o after_o that_o â—e_n have_v lay_v waste_n and_o destroy_v the_o town_n of_o brecâ—â—ck_n with_o some_o part_n of_o south-wales_n he_o be_v shameful_o vanquish_v and_o his_o army_n almost_o total_o cut_v off_o by_o the_o troop_n of_o eineon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o howel_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n who_o have_v join_v their_o force_n against_o he_o and_o now_o a.d._n 983_o the_o welsh_a have_v quite_o disable_v the_o dane_n and_o the_o english_a begin_v to_o fall_v to_o their_o old_a course_n to_o make_v â—â—fe_n of_o their_o prosperity_n and_o quietness_n from_o abroad_o for_o quarrel_v and_o create_v disturbance_n at_o home_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o gwentland_n imagine_v themselves_o very_o strong_a and_o powerful_a and_o therefore_o must_v need_v endeavour_n to_o shake_v off_o their_o allegiance_n to_o their_o prince_n and_o to_o set_v up_o one_o of_o their_o own_o make_n owen_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n to_o pacify_v the_o rebellious_a humour_n oâ—_n these_o seditious_a and_o turbulent_a people_n send_v his_o soâ—_n eineon_n to_o persuade_v they_o to_o obedience_n but_o a_o diâ—stracted_a multitude_n get_v loose_a be_v not_o to_o be_v work_v upon_o by_o argument_n which_o eineon_n fatal_o experienceâ—_n who_o be_v so_o far_o from_o persuade_v they_o in_o their_o allegiance_n by_o fair_a mean_n that_o they_o present_o set_v upoâ—_n he_o and_o think_v that_o they_o have_v the_o bird_n in_o the_o fist_n who_o be_v next_o to_o succeed_v put_v he_o to_o preseâ—â—_n death_n and_o thus_o most_o ignoble_o fall_v this_o worthy_a prince_n who_o in_o his_o father_n time_n be_v the_o only_a support_n of_o his_o country_n be_v a_o stout_a and_o a_o valiant_a commander_n and_o one_o famous_o experience_v in_o thâ—_n art_n and_o discipline_n of_o war._n he_o have_v issue_n two_o sonâ—_n edwin_n and_o tewdor_n mawr_z or_o theodor_n the_o great_a oâ—_n of_o who_o loin_n several_a prince_n of_o south-wales_n weâ—â—_n a.d._n 984_o since_o descend_v but_o howel_n prince_n of_o north_n walâ—â—_n do_v not_o regard_v this_o dissension_n and_o rebellion_n in_o south_n wales_n and_o therefore_o take_v opportunity_n to_o strengthen_v and_o multiply_v his_o army_n with_o which_o he_o march_v thâ—_n next_o year_n for_o england_n intend_v to_o revenge_v the_o â—â—cursions_n and_o invasion_n of_o the_o english_a upon_o wales_n and_o to_o destroy_v and_o waste_v their_o country_n but_o have_v enter_v into_o england_n he_o be_v present_o fight_v with_o upon_o which_o be_v resolve_v either_o to_o return_v victorious_o or_o to_o die_v courageous_o he_o fall_v
with_o loud_a acclamation_n and_o joyful_o salute_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n who_o tread_v in_o his_o father_n step_n behave_v himself_o in_o his_o government_n with_o that_o prudence_n and_o conduct_n that_o he_o manful_o defend_v his_o country_n from_o the_o frequent_a invasion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o dane_n for_o he_o be_v scarce_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n when_o these_o inveterate_a enemy_n of_o the_o welsh_a enter_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n into_o wales_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o crosford_n upon_o the_o severn_n where_o gruffydh_n meet_v they_o and_o force_v they_o shameful_o to_o fly_v and_o retire_v back_o to_o their_o own_o country_n from_o thence_o gruffydh_n pass_v to_o lhanbadarn_n vawr_n in_o cardiganshire_n which_o he_o lay_v in_o ash_n and_o afterward_o march_v through_o all_o the_o country_n of_o south_n wales_n receive_v of_o the_o people_n oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o subjection_n to_o he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n howel_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n flee_v to_o edwin_n brother_n to_o leofric_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o prevail_v with_o he_o to_o come_v with_o a_o army_n consist_v of_o english_a and_o dane_n to_o his_o aid_n against_o gruffydh_n who_o meet_v his_o enemy_n in_o the_o field_n easy_o overcome_v they_o edwin_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n and_o howel_n force_v to_o preserve_v his_o life_n by_o flight_n after_o which_o victory_n gruffydh_n have_v reduce_v all_o the_o country_n of_o wales_n to_o subjection_n return_v again_o to_o north_n wales_n but_o howel_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o can_v recover_v himself_o and_o a.d._n 1039_o recruit_v his_o army_n enter_v again_o into_o south-wales_n intend_v the_o recovery_n of_o that_o principality_n which_o he_o be_v now_o so_o well_o assure_v of_o that_o he_o bring_v his_o wife_n with_o he_o to_o the_o field_n to_o let_v she_o see_v how_o easy_o he_o can_v conquer_v and_o overcome_v prince_n gruffydh_n 〈◊〉_d too_o great_a a_o assurance_n of_o victory_n seldom_o prove_v prosperous_a which_o howel_n present_o experience_v for_o gruffydh_n meet_v with_o he_o at_o pencadair_n give_v he_o so_o warm_a a_o entertainment_n that_o he_o be_v force_v present_o to_o take_v his_o heel_n which_o however_o can_v not_o so_o well_o secure_v he_o but_o that_o he_o be_v narrow_o pursue_v and_o his_o wife_n who_o be_v to_o be_v entertain_v with_o the_o conquest_n of_o gruffydh_n on_o the_o contrary_a see_v herself_o take_v prisoner_n by_o he_o and_o force_v to_o comply_v so_o far_o to_o his_o humour_n as_o to_o be_v his_o concubine_n the_o same_o time_n harold_n king_n of_o england_n die_v and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o brother_n hardycnute_n a_o prince_n very_o famous_a for_o hospitality_n and_o a_o great_a lover_n of_o good_a cheer_v have_v his_o table_n cover_v four_o time_n a_o day_n with_o great_a plenty_n and_o variety_n of_o dish_n with_o other_o superfluity_n for_o all_o comer_n but_o he_o likewise_o die_v at_o lambeth_n after_o two_o year_n reign_v the_o english_a agree_v to_o send_v for_o alfred_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o edelred_n from_o normandy_n and_o to_o make_v he_o king_n this_o message_n by_o no_o mean_n please_v earl_n godwyn_n a_o man_n of_o great_a sway_n now_o in_o england_n who_o know_v alfred_n to_o be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a spirit_n than_o to_o permit_v he_o to_o domineer_v as_o he_o please_v endeavour_v all_o he_o can_v to_o dissuade_v the_o english_a from_o send_v for_o alfred_n he_o show_v they_o how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v to_o permit_v a_o warlike_a nation_n to_o take_v root_n in_o their_o country_n and_o how_o well_o alfred_n be_v accompany_v with_o norman_n to_o who_o he_o have_v promise_v the_o chief_a place_n and_o rule_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o which_o and_o other_o like_a insinuation_n he_o so_o disgust_v the_o english_a nobility_n against_o the_o norman_n that_o to_o diminish_v their_o number_n they_o put_v every_o ten_o man_n to_o death_n but_o see_v this_o be_v not_o sufficient_a they_o act_v the_o same_o part_n over_o again_o and_o tythe_v they_o the_o second_o time_n and_o be_v high_o enrage_v against_o the_o norman_n they_o lead_v alfred_n who_o have_v bring_v they_o over_o from_o gilford_n where_o this_o execution_n be_v commit_v to_o gillingham_n where_o have_v put_v out_o his_o eye_n they_o remove_v he_o to_o ely_n and_o there_o at_o length_n pitiful_o murder_v he_o then_o they_o send_v for_o edward_n out_o of_o normandy_n and_o make_v he_o king_n who_o according_a to_o his_o promise_n to_o earl_n godwyn_n marry_a â—is_n daughter_n edith_n a_o lady_n much_o commend_v not_o only_o for_o beauty_n modesty_n and_o other_o feminine_a qualification_n but_o also_o beyond_o what_o be_v requisite_a for_o a_o woman_n learning_n but_o king_n edward_n do_v not_o deal_v so_o favourable_o with_o her_o brother_n swain_n son_n to_o earl_n godwyn_n who_o upon_o some_o distaste_v be_v banish_v england_n and_o thereupon_o force_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o baldwyn_n earl_n of_o flanders_n by_o who_o he_o be_v very_o honourable_o receive_v a.d._n 1041_o these_o trouble_n and_o revolution_n in_o england_n be_v succeed_v by_o other_o of_o no_o less_o consequence_n in_o wales_n for_o howel_n not_o brook_v to_o be_v keep_v so_o shameful_o out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n return_v again_o the_o three_o time_n into_o south-wales_n where_o he_o have_v not_o continue_v long_o but_o a_o great_a number_n of_o stranger_n land_v in_o the_o west_n of_o wales_n and_o advance_v far_o into_o the_o country_n pillage_v and_o destroy_v all_o place_n they_o come_v to_o howel_n though_o desirous_a to_o reserve_v his_o army_n to_o fight_v with_o prince_n gruffydh_n yet_o can_v not_o behold_v his_o country_n so_o miserable_o waste_v and_o overrun_v by_o stranger_n and_o think_v moreover_o that_o by_o so_o charitable_a a_o action_n he_o shall_v win_v the_o universal_a love_n of_o the_o south-wales_n man_n draw_v up_o his_o force_n against_o they_o and_o overtake_v they_o at_o pwll_n fynach_n force_v they_o with_o much_o loss_n to_o retire_v to_o their_o ship_n which_o action_n be_v call_v in_o welsh_a gwaith_n pwll_n fynach_n at_o the_o same_o time_n conan_n the_o son_n of_o jago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n who_o be_v force_v for_o fear_n of_o prince_n gruffydh_n to_o flee_v to_o ireland_n with_o the_o force_n of_o alfred_n king_n of_o dublin_n who_o daughter_n name_v ranulph_n he_o have_v marry_v land_v in_o north-wales_n and_o have_v by_o some_o treacherous_a stratagem_n take_v gruffydh_n triumphant_o carry_v he_o prisoner_n towards_o his_o ship_n this_o unhappy_a accident_n be_v discover_v and_o public_o know_v the_o north_n wales_n man_n do_v rise_v on_o a_o sudden_a and_o so_o unexpected_o overtake_v the_o irish_a that_o they_o easy_o recover_v their_o prince_n and_o drive_v his_o enemy_n with_o great_a slaughter_n to_o their_o ship_n who_o without_o any_o far_a consultation_n be_v glad_a to_o strike_v sail_n with_o conan_n for_o ireland_n and_o now_o wales_n both_o north_n and_o south_n be_v free_a from_o all_o foreign_a invasion_n and_o howel_n as_o yet_o too_o weak_a to_o dispute_v his_o title_n with_o gruffydh_n so_o that_o a.d._n 1042_o the_o next_o year_n can_v be_v subject_a to_o no_o great_a action_n in_o which_o nothing_o happen_v remarkable_a save_v the_o death_n of_o howel_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n lord_n of_o glamorgan_n a_o man_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o esteem_n in_o wales_n but_o as_o a.d._n 1043_o soon_o as_o howel_n can_v call_v in_o his_o dane_n to_o who_o he_o add_v all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v raise_v in_o south-wales_n he_o intend_v present_o to_o march_v against_o prince_n gruffydh_n but_o he_o be_v aware_a aforehand_o to_o what_o end_n those_o levy_n be_v design_v prepare_v against_o the_o ensue_a storm_n and_o to_o avert_v the_o war_n from_o his_o own_o country_n march_v courageous_o to_o south_n wales_n not_o fear_v to_o face_v a_o enemy_n who_o he_o have_v shameful_o vanquish_v twice_o already_o both_o army_n be_v join_v gruffydh_n easy_o overcome_v and_o pursue_v howel_n as_o far_o as_o the_o springhead_n of_o the_o river_n towy_a where_o after_o a_o long_a and_o a_o bloody_a fight_n howel_n be_v at_o last_o slay_v and_o his_o army_n so_o universal_o rout_v that_o few_o escape_v with_o their_o life_n but_o though_o howel_n be_v dead_a yet_o there_o remain_v still_o more_o pretender_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n so_o that_o gruffydh_n be_v in_o no_o great_a prospect_n to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o peaceable_o for_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v publish_v that_o howel_n army_n be_v defeat_v and_o himself_o slay_v rytherch_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o rytherch_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n to_o south-wales_n in_o right_a of_o their_o father_n who_o have_v once_o enjoy_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o that_o country_n and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o same_o they_o
can_v to_o england_n but_o all_o the_o haste_n they_o do_v make_v can_v not_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o welsh_a for_o gruffydh_n and_o ifor_n the_o son_n of_o ednerth_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n expect_v they_o private_o at_o a_o place_n call_v aberlhech_v where_o fall_v unexpected_o upon_o they_o they_o slay_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o number_n the_o rest_n narrow_o escape_v safe_a to_o england_n but_o the_o norman_a garrison_n which_o be_v leave_v behind_o defend_v themselves_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o bravery_n till_o at_o last_o find_v no_o prospect_n of_o relief_n they_o be_v force_v for_o their_o own_o safety_n to_o deliver_v they_o up_o to_o the_o welsh_a who_o from_o that_o time_n become_v again_o proprietor_n of_o those_o place_n which_o the_o norman_n have_v dispossess_v they_o from_o and_o this_o encourage_v the_o welsh_a to_o undertake_v other_o thing_n against_o the_o english_a for_o immediate_o after_o this_o certain_a of_o the_o nobility_n of_o north-wales_n vchth_v the_o son_n of_o edwin_n ap_fw-mi grono_n by_o name_n together_o with_o howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n and_o the_o soâ—â—_n of_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n of_o powys-land_n pass_v by_o cardigan_n into_o dyve_v which_o country_n king_n william_n have_v give_v to_o arnulph_n son_n to_o roger_n montgomery_n who_o have_v build_v thereon_o the_o castle_n of_o pembrock_n and_o appoint_v gerald_n de_fw-fr windsor_n governor_n of_o the_o same_o and_o destroy_v all_o the_o country_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n except_v pembrock_n castle_n which_o be_v impregnable_a they_o return_v home_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o booty_n in_o recompense_n of_o this_o when_o the_o lord_n of_o north-wales_n be_v return_v gerald_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o castle_n and_o spoil_v all_o the_o country_n about_o s._n david_n and_o after_o he_o have_v get_v sufficient_a plunder_n and_o take_v divers_a prisoner_n return_v back_o into_o the_o castle_n a.d._n 1095_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n william_n be_v return_v from_o normandy_n and_o have_v hear_v how_o that_o the_o welsh_a have_v cut_v off_o a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o wales_n gather_v all_o his_o power_n together_o and_o with_o great_a pomp_n and_o ostentation_n enter_v the_o march_n resolve_v utter_o to_o eradicate_v the_o rebellious_a and_o implacable_a humour_n of_o the_o welsh_a nation_n but_o after_o all_o this_o boast_n and_o seem_a resolution_n he_o dare_v venture_v no_o far_o than_o the_o march_n where_o have_v build_v some_o few_o castle_n he_o return_v with_o no_o great_a honour_n a.d._n 1096_o then_o he_o come_v but_o the_o next_o spring_n hugh_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o salop_n by_o the_o welsh_a â—â—med_v hugh_n goch_n and_o hugh_n fras_n or_o the_o sit_v earl_n 〈◊〉_d chester_n be_v invite_v by_o some_o disaffect_v welchâ—â—rds_n â—â—rds_z come_v into_o north-wales_n with_o a_o very_a great_a â—â—my_n prince_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi â—â—â—thyn_n perceive_v themselves_o to_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o â—â—pose_v so_o numerous_a a_o army_n and_o what_o be_v worse_o â—â—â—ng_v very_o suspicious_a of_o the_o fidelity_n and_o honesty_n of_o â—â—â—ir_n own_o force_n think_v it_o their_o best_a way_n to_o take_v 〈◊〉_d hill_n and_o mountain_n for_o their_o safety_n where_o they_o â—â—re_v like_a to_o remain_v most_o secure_a from_o the_o enemy_n â—â—en_o the_o english_a army_n march_v towards_o anglesey_n 〈◊〉_d be_v come_v over_o against_o the_o island_n they_o build_v 〈◊〉_d castle_n of_o aberlhiennawc_n but_o gruffydh_n and_o caâ—â—an_n can_v no_o long_o endure_v to_o see_v their_o country_n â—â—er_v run_v by_o the_o english_a and_o therefore_o they_o descendâ—â—_n from_o the_o mountain_n and_o come_v to_o anglesey_n think_v with_o what_o succour_n they_o shall_v receive_v from_o â—â—â—land_n of_o which_o they_o be_v disappoint_v to_o be_v able_a 〈◊〉_d defend_v the_o island_n from_o any_o attempt_n that_o shall_v 〈◊〉_d make_v upon_o it_o and_o now_o the_o whole_a treason_n and_o 〈◊〉_d occasion_n of_o the_o english_a come_v to_o wales_n be_v discover_v for_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n the_o prince_n his_o chiefâ—â—â—_n counsellor_n who_o daughter_n gruffydh_n have_v marâ—â—â—d_v have_v himself_o also_o marry_v everyth_v the_o daughâ—â—â—_n of_o confyn_n aunt_n to_o cadogan_n upon_o some_o private_a â—â—rudge_n or_o other_o call_v in_o the_o english_a into_o wales_n use_v at_o this_o time_n open_o join_v his_o force_n with_o â—â—eirs_n and_o lead_v the_o whole_a army_n over_o into_o anglesey_n â—ruffydh_fw-mi and_z cadogan_n find_v how_o they_o be_v beâ—â—ayed_v by_o their_o dear_a friend_n as_o they_o think_v for_o â—â—â—r_n of_o far_a treachery_n judge_v it_o prudent_a to_o sail_v private_o for_o ireland_n after_o who_o departure_n the_o engâ—â—â—h_n fall_v cruel_o to_o work_v destroy_v all_o they_o can_v â—â—me_n at_o without_o any_o respect_n to_o either_o age_n or_o sex_n â—nd_n whilst_o the_o english_a continue_v in_o anglesey_n magâ—â—s_v the_o son_n of_o harold_n late_o king_n of_o england_n come_v â—ver_o with_o a_o great_a fleet_n intend_v to_o lay_v fast_o hold_v â—pon_o that_o kingdom_n than_o his_o father_n have_v do_v and_o 〈◊〉_d recover_v the_o same_o to_o himself_o but_o whilst_o he_o steer_v â—is_fw-la course_n thitherward_o he_o be_v drive_v by_o contrary_a wind_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o anglesey_n where_o he_o will_v fain_o have_v land_v have_v not_o the_o english_a army_n keep_v he_o off_o but_o in_o this_o skirmish_n magnus_n accidental_o wound_v hugh_n earl_n of_o salop_n with_o a_o arrow_n in_o the_o face_n whereof_o he_o die_v and_o then_o of_o a_o sudden_a both_o army_n relinquish_v the_o island_n the_o english_a return_v a.d._n 1097_o to_o england_n appoint_v owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n who_o invite_v they_o over_o prince_n of_o the_o country_n but_o owen_n do_v not_o enjoy_v the_o principality_n long_o for_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o follow_a spring_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n return_v from_o ireland_n and_o have_v conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o norman_n for_o some_o part_n of_o their_o land_n in_o wales_n gruffydh_n remain_v in_o anglesey_n and_o cadogan_n have_v cardigan_n with_o part_n of_o powy_n but_o though_o cadogan_n recover_v his_o estate_n yet_o in_o a_o little_a while_n after_o he_o lose_v his_o son_n lhewelyn_n who_o be_v treacherous_o murder_v by_o the_o man_n of_o brecnock_n at_o which_o time_n also_o die_v rythmarch_n archbishop_n of_o s._n david_n the_o son_n of_o sulien_n be_v in_o the_o 43_o year_n of_o his_o age_n a_o man_n of_o the_o great_a piety_n wisdom_n and_o learning_n as_o have_v flourish_v a_o long_a time_n in_o wales_n except_v his_o father_n under_o who_o a.d._n 1098_o tutelage_n he_o be_v educate_v the_o year_n follow_v king_n william_n rufus_n as_o he_o be_v hunt_v in_o the_o new_a forest_n be_v accidental_o stain_v with_o a_o arrow_n which_o one_o walter_n tyrrell_n shoot_v at_o a_o stag_n and_o his_o elder_a brother_n be_v then_o engage_v in_o the_o holy_a war_n henry_n his_o young_a brother_n who_o in_o his_o life-time_n he_o have_v nominate_v his_o successor_n be_v crown_v in_o his_o stead_n the_o same_o year_n hugh_n earl_n of_o chester_n grono_fw-it ap_fw-mi cadogan_n and_o gwyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi depart_v this_o life_n a.d._n 1100_o about_o two_o year_n after_o a_o rebellion_n break_v out_o in_o england_n robert_z de_fw-fr belesmo_n the_o son_n of_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n and_o arnulph_n his_o brother_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o king_n henry_n which_o he_o be_v inform_v of_o send_v they_o a_o very_a gracious_a message_n to_o come_v before_o he_o and_o declare_v their_o grievance_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o rise_n up_o in_o arm_n against_o his_o majesty_n but_o the_o earl_n instead_o of_o appear_v in_o person_n send_v he_o flight_n and_o frivolous_a excuse_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o make_v all_o necessary_a preparation_n for_o the_o war_n both_o by_o raise_v of_o force_n and_o fortify_v their_o castle_n and_o strong_a hold_n and_o to_o strengthen_v themselves_o the_o more_o they_o send_v rich_a present_n and_o make_v large_a promise_n to_o jorwerth_n cadogan_n and_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n for_o to_o bring_v they_o to_o their_o side_n robert_n fortify_v four_o castle_n namely_o arundel_n tekinhil_n shrewsbury_n and_o brugge_n which_o last_o by_o reason_n that_o robert_n build_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n be_v the_o chief_a occasion_n of_o this_o war_n and_o arnulph_n fortify_v his_o castle_n at_o pembrock_n after_o this_o they_o enter_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n waste_v and_o destroy_v all_o before_o they_o and_o to_o augment_v their_o strength_n arnulph_n send_v gerald_n his_o steward_n to_o murkart_n king_n of_o ireland_n desire_v his_o daughter_n in_o wedlock_n which_o be_v
away_o from_o he_o but_o owen_n be_v so_o amorous_o inexorable_a with_o respect_n to_o the_o woman_n that_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n part_n with_o she_o however_o upon_o her_o request_n he_o be_v willing_a to_o restore_v gerald_n his_o child_n back_o again_o which_o forthwith_o he_o perform_v but_o when_o richard_n bishop_n of_o london_n who_o king_n henry_n have_v constitute_v warden_n of_o the_o march_n be_v now_o at_o shrewsbury_n hear_v of_o this_o he_o send_v for_o ithel_n and_o madoc_n the_o son_n of_o ryryd_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n person_n of_o great_a power_n and_o interest_n in_o wales_n promise_v they_o very_o considerable_a reward_n beside_o the_o government_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n in_o case_n they_o can_v bring_v owen_n and_o his_o father_n cadwgan_n either_o dead_a or_o alive_a to_o he_o that_o he_o may_v revenge_v that_o heinous_a affront_n which_o they_o have_v do_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n with_o they_o he_o join_v lhywarch_n the_o son_n of_o trahaern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n who_o two_o brethren_n owen_n have_v slay_v and_o vchtryd_v the_o son_n of_o edwin_n which_o four_o undertake_v to_o answer_v effectual_o the_o bishop_n proposal_n to_o they_o but_o when_o they_o have_v unite_v their_o force_n and_o begin_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n to_o destroy_v the_o country_n as_o they_o pass_v along_o vchtryd_v send_v private_a notice_n before_o he_o require_v all_o who_o be_v any_o way_n desirous_a of_o their_o own_o safety_n to_o come_v to_o he_o because_o no_o quarter_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o any_o that_o be_v find_v in_o the_o country_n the_o people_n be_v thus_o so_o opportune_o forewarn_v begin_v to_o bethink_v with_o themselves_o how_o they_o may_v best_o avoid_v so_o eminent_a a_o danger_n and_o thereupon_o some_o flee_v to_o arust_o other_o to_o melienyth_n some_o to_o stradtywy_a and_o some_o to_o dyfe_v but_o in_o this_o latter_a place_n they_o meet_v with_o very_o cold_a welcome_n for_o gerald_n who_o be_v then_o very_o busy_a in_o exercise_v revenge_n upon_o that_o country_n fall_v in_o among_o they_o cut_v off_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o they_o the_o like_a fate_n befall_v they_o who_o escape_v to_o arust_o and_z melienyth_n for_o walter_n bishop_n of_o hereford_n have_v raise_v a_o army_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o town_n of_o caermyrdhyn_n before_o he_o can_v come_v thither_o accidental_o meet_v with_o these_o straggle_a fugitive_n and_o know_v what_o country_n they_o belong_v to_o without_o any_o further_a ceremony_n he_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o put_v most_o of_o they_o to_o the_o sword_n but_o they_o who_o flee_v to_o stradtywy_a be_v gentle_o receive_v by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rytherch_n and_o such_o as_o resort_v to_o vchtryd_v be_v kind_o entertain_v by_o he_o and_o so_o he_o march_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o confederate_n to_o rydcors_n castle_n it_o be_v the_o general_a opinion_n that_o it_o be_v best_a to_o enter_v the_o country_n by_o night_n and_o to_o take_v cadwgan_n and_o owen_n his_o son_n by_o surprise_n but_o vchtryd_v reflect_v upon_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o country_n and_o how_o easy_o they_o may_v be_v entrap_v by_o a_o ambuscade_n dissuade_v they_o from_o any_o such_o nocturnal_a undertake_n and_o tell_v they_o that_o it_o be_v far_o more_o advisable_a to_o enter_v the_o country_n in_o good_a order_n when_o the_o light_n give_v the_o soldier_n opportunity_n to_o keep_v and_o observe_v their_o rank_n but_o whilst_o they_o be_v thus_o consider_v of_o the_o most_o effectual_a way_n to_o carry_v on_o their_o purpose_n owen_n get_v a_o ship_n at_o aberdyfi_n bind_v for_o ireland_n and_o escape_v thither_o avoid_v the_o narrow_a search_n that_o be_v the_o follow_a day_n make_v for_o they_o but_o when_o neither_o father_n nor_o son_n can_v be_v find_v all_o the_o fault_n be_v lay_v upon_o vchtryd_v who_o have_v dissuade_v they_o from_o fall_v upon_o the_o castle_n unexpected_o and_o therefore_o all_o they_o can_v do_v since_o their_o escape_n be_v to_o burn_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n which_o they_o do_v effectual_o except_v the_o two_o sanctuary_n of_o lhanpadarn_n and_o lhandewi_n brefi_n out_o of_o which_o however_o they_o take_v several_a person_n who_o have_v escape_v thither_o and_o carry_v they_o away_o prisoner_n to_o their_o several_a country_n but_o owen_n with_o they_o who_o be_v accessary_a to_o the_o burn_a of_o rydcors_n castle_n be_v flee_v into_o ireland_n desire_v the_o umbrage_n and_o protection_n of_o king_n murcart_n who_o receive_v he_o very_o glad_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o former_a acquaintance_n for_o owen_n during_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o chester_n and_o the_o welsh_a have_v flee_v to_o king_n murcart_n and_o bring_v he_o very_o rich_a present_n from_o wales_n cadwgan_n all_o this_o while_n lie_v private_o in_o powy_n but_o think_v it_o impossible_a to_o continue_v there_o long_o undiscovered_a he_o adjudge_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o send_v to_o king_n henry_n and_o to_o declare_v his_o innocency_n and_o abhorrence_n of_o that_o fact_n which_o his_o son_n have_v commit_v the_o king_n be_v easy_o persuade_v that_o the_o old_a man_n be_v guiltless_a and_o whole_o ignorant_a of_o his_o son_n crime_n and_o therefore_o he_o give_v he_o permission_n to_o remain_v in_o the_o country_n and_o to_o enjoy_v the_o town_n and_o land_n he_o receive_v by_o his_o wife_n who_o be_v the_o daughter_n of_o a_o norman_a lord_n call_v pygot_n de_fw-fr say_n but_o his_o land_n in_o powy_n be_v otherwise_o distribute_v for_o his_o nephew_n madoc_n and_o ithel_n find_v what_o circumstance_n their_o uncle_n cadwgan_n lie_v under_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o son_n owen_n they_o divide_v betwixt_o themselves_o such_o land_n as_o he_o and_o his_o son_n possess_v in_o powy_n though_o afterward_o they_o can_v never_o agree_v about_o the_o equal_a distribution_n of_o it_o to_o counterbalance_n this_o cadwgan_n make_v such_o friend_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o upon_o pay_v the_o fine_a of_o 100_o l._n he_o have_v a_o grant_n of_o all_o his_o land_n in_o cardigan_n and_o a_o power_n to_o recall_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o have_v rub_v off_o upon_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o king_n be_v late_a order_n that_o no_o welshman_n or_o norman_n shall_v dwell_v in_o cardigan_n upon_o information_n of_o this_o grant_n to_o cadwgan_n several_a of_o they_o that_o retire_v to_o ireland_n return_v again_o private_o to_o wales_n and_o lurk_o remain_v with_o their_o friend_n but_o owen_n dare_v not_o appear_v in_o cardigan_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o father_n have_v receive_v that_o country_n from_o king_n henry_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o will_v never_o entertain_v or_o receive_v his_o son_n nor_o by_o any_o mean_n succour_v he_o either_o with_o man_n or_o money_n nevertheless_o owen_n come_v to_o powy_n and_o will_v fain_o be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n and_o make_v a_o atonement_n for_o his_o late_a misdemeanour_n but_o he_o can_v find_v no_o body_n that_o will_v venture_v to_o speak_v in_o his_o behalf_n nor_o make_v the_o king_n acquaint_v with_o his_o desire_n and_o willingness_n to_o submit_v and_o thus_o be_v hopeless_a and_o full_a of_o despair_n he_o can_v not_o possible_o divine_a which_o way_n to_o turn_v himself_o till_o at_o last_o a_o very_a unexpected_a opportunity_n offer_v he_o mean_n and_o occasion_n to_o oppose_v the_o english_a the_o matter_n be_v this_o there_o happen_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi râ—ryd_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n about_o certain_a english_a felon_n who_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o madoc_n he_o will_v not_o restore_v at_o the_o bishop_n request_n the_o bishop_n be_v much_o offend_v at_o madawc_n denial_n threaten_v he_o very_o severe_o and_o therefore_o to_o make_v all_o possible_a preparation_n against_o a_o ensue_a storm_n madawc_n send_v to_o owen_n who_o heretofore_o be_v his_o great_a enemy_n desire_v his_o help_n against_o the_o bishop_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n be_v reconcile_v they_o take_v their_o mutual_a oath_n not_o to_o betray_v each_o other_o and_o that_o neither_o shall_v make_v a_o separate_a agreement_n with_o the_o english_a without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o other_o and_o so_o unite_n their_o power_n they_o spoil_v and_o ravage_v all_o the_o country_n about_o they_o destroy_v whatever_o they_o can_v meet_v with_o which_o belong_v to_o those_o they_o have_v no_o kindness_n or_o affection_n for_o without_o the_o least_o distinction_n of_o english_a or_o welsh_a jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n have_v be_v very_o unjust_o detain_v a.d._n 1107_o in_o prison_n all_o this_o time_n and_o now_o king_n henry_n call_v to_o mind_n what_o hardship_n he_o labour_v under_o and_o that_o he_o commit_v he_o to_o custody_n upon_o no_o pretence_n of_o reason_n send_v to_o know_v
dinerth_n and_o trahaern_v ap_fw-mi ithel_n which_o three_o person_n have_v forsake_v dyfe_v by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v so_o thwack_v with_o norman_n fleming_n and_o english_a men._n nor_o be_v cardigan_n free_a from_o stranger_n who_o pretend_v to_o sway_v and_o rule_v the_o country_n but_o the_o people_n bear_v in_o mind_n the_o continual_a wrong_n and_o oppression_n they_o receive_v from_o they_o bear_v a_o inveterate_a hatred_n to_o they_o and_o be_v very_o glad_a to_o be_v deliver_v from_o their_o insolent_a and_o imperious_a oppressor_n for_o king_n henry_n what_o by_o force_n and_o banishment_n of_o those_o that_o stand_v up_o stiff_a for_o their_o liberty_n and_o what_o by_o corrupt_v of_o those_o that_o be_v waver_v have_v bring_v all_o that_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n and_o bestow_v what_o land_n he_o think_v fit_a upon_o his_o english_a or_o norman_a favourite_n but_o notwithstanding_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o english_a in_o this_o country_n gruffydh_n be_v not_o a_o whit_n cast_v down_o but_o bold_o come_v on_o to_o cardigan_n iscoed_n he_o lay_v siege_n to_o a_o fort_n that_o earl_n gilbert_n and_o the_o fleming_n have_v build_v at_o a_o place_n call_v blaen_fw-la porth_n gwythan_n after_o divers_a assault_n and_o the_o kill_n of_o several_a of_o the_o besiege_a with_o the_o loss_n only_o of_o one_o of_o his_o man_n gruffydh_n take_v the_o place_n and_o rase_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n bring_v all_o the_o country_n thereabouts_o to_o subjection_n this_o action_n prove_v very_o fatal_a to_o the_o english_a for_o immediate_o upon_o this_o they_o begin_v to_o forsake_v their_o house_n and_o habitation_n as_o think_v it_o too_o hot_a for_o they_o to_o stay_v any_o long_o in_o the_o country_n and_o so_o the_o welsh_a burn_v and_o destroy_v as_o far_o as_o penwedic_n all_o the_o house_n of_o those_o stranger_n who_o earl_n gilbert_n have_v bring_v with_o he_o then_o gruffydh_n besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o stradpythylh_n which_o belong_v to_o ralph_n earl_n gilbert_n steward_n and_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o he_o put_v all_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n remove_v from_o thence_o he_o encamp_v at_o glasgryg_n a_o mile_n from_o lhanbadarn_n purpose_v to_o besiege_v aberystwith-castle_n next_o morning_n but_o for_o want_v of_o provision_n necessary_a for_o his_o army_n he_o be_v force_v to_o make_v bold_a with_o some_o cattle_n which_o graze_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o sanctuary_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o not_o only_a man_n enjoy_v the_o privilege_n of_o these_o sanctuary_n but_o also_o cattle_n and_o horse_n and_o whatever_o else_o live_v within_o the_o liberty_n of_o they_o but_o the_o day_n follow_v gruffydh_n march_v disorderly_a towards_o the_o castle_n be_v apprehensive_a of_o no_o great_a opposition_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o garrison_n and_o so_o encamp_v upon_o a_o opposite_a hill_n which_o be_v divide_v from_o the_o castle_n by_o a_o river_n with_o a_o bridge_n over_o it_o he_o call_v a_o council_n to_o determine_v with_o what_o engine_n they_o may_v with_o best_a success_n play_v against_o it_o and_o so_o make_v a_o general_a assault_n the_o norman_n observe_v their_o disorder_n very_o cunning_o send_v out_o some_o of_o their_o archer_n to_o skirmish_v with_o they_o and_o so_o by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o entice_v they_o to_o the_o bridge_n where_o some_o of_o the_o best_a arm_a horseman_n be_v ready_a to_o issue_v out_o upon_o they_o the_o welch_a not_o think_v the_o garrison_n to_o be_v so_o strong_a approach_v near_o the_o bridge_n still_o skirmish_v with_o the_o norman_n who_o pretend_v to_o give_v ground_n but_o when_o they_o come_v very_o near_o out_o sally_v one_o on_o horse_n back_o who_o will_v fain_o pass_v the_o bridge_n but_o be_v receive_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o their_o spear_n he_o begin_v to_o flag_n and_o as_o he_o endeavour_v to_o return_v he_o fall_v off_o his_o horse_n and_o so_o the_o welsh_a pursue_v he_o over_o the_o bridg._n the_o englishman_n see_v this_o flee_v towards_o the_o castle_n and_o the_o welsh_a with_o all_o speed_n follow_v they_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n but_o whilst_o they_o think_v that_o the_o day_n be_v their_o own_o up_z rises_z a_o party_n of_o horse_n which_o lie_v in_o ambuscade_n under_o the_o hill_n and_o stand_v betwixt_o the_o welsh_a and_o the_o bridge_n prevent_v any_o succour_n to_o come_v to_o they_o and_o the_o welsh_a be_v thus_o hem_v in_o betwixt_o both_o party_n the_o former_a recoil_n with_o great_a strength_n be_v so_o unmerciful_o cut_v off_o that_o scarce_o one_o man_n be_v leave_v live_v when_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o welsh_a army_n that_o stay_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n see_v what_o number_n the_o garrison_n contain_v and_o that_o they_o be_v strong_a beyond_o their_o expectation_n present_o decamp_v and_o with_o all_o speed_n depart_v out_o of_o the_o country_n when_o king_n henry_n be_v inform_v of_o all_o the_o mischief_n and_o cruelty_n that_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n have_v commit_v among_o his_o subject_n in_o wales_n he_o send_v for_o owen_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n desire_v he_o and_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahaern_n to_o use_v all_o the_o effectual_a method_n possible_a to_o take_v or_o kill_v the_o arch_a rebel_n gruffydh_n promise_v very_o speedy_o to_o send_v his_o son_n robert_n with_o a_o army_n to_o wales_n for_o that_o purpose_n owen_n be_v very_o proud_a that_o the_o king_n put_v such_o confidence_n in_o he_o encourage_v his_o man_n to_o be_v now_o so_o industrious_a to_o merit_v the_o king_n favour_n as_o they_o have_v be_v former_o to_o deserve_v his_o displeasure_n and_o so_o join_v his_o force_n with_o lhywarch_n they_o both_o march_v to_o meet_v prince_n robert_n at_o stratywy_n where_o they_o suppose_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n have_v hide_v himself_o in_o the_o wood_n when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o country_n they_o make_v a_o vow_n that_o they_o will_v let_v neither_o man_n woman_n or_o child_n escape_v alive_a which_o so_o affright_v the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n that_o all_o make_v what_o shift_v they_o can_v to_o save_v their_o life_n some_o by_o flee_v to_o the_o wood_n and_o mountain_n and_o some_o by_o get_v into_o the_o king_n castle_n from_o whence_o they_o have_v come_v but_o a_o little_a before_o then_o owen_n and_o lhywarch_n separate_v with_o distinct_a party_n to_o scour_v the_o wood_n which_o about_o stratywy_n be_v very_o desertous_a and_o owen_n have_v enter_v with_o a_o hundred_o man_n present_o discover_v the_o tract_n of_o man_n and_o cattle_n and_o follow_v their_o footstep_n so_o close_o that_o within_o a_o little_a while_o he_o overtake_v they_o and_o have_v slay_v a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o and_o put_v the_o rest_n to_o flight_n he_o carry_v away_o all_o their_o cattle_n back_o to_o his_o army_n but_o whilst_o owen_n be_v busy_a in_o search_v the_o wood_n gerald_n steward_n of_o pembrock_n who_o with_o a_o great_a power_n of_o fleming_n be_v upon_o his_o march_n to_o join_v the_o king_n son_n meet_v with_o they_o who_o flee_v from_o owen_n who_o desire_v help_n of_o gerald_n declare_v how_o owen_n have_v forcible_o drive_v they_o out_o slay_v a_o great_a many_o of_o their_o companion_n and_o spoil_v they_o of_o all_o their_o good_n gerald_n and_o his_o fleming_n understand_v that_o owen_n be_v so_o nigh_o with_o such_o a_o small_a number_n of_o man_n think_v he_o have_v now_o very_o convenient_a opportunity_n to_o be_v revenge_v of_o he_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o wife_n and_o therefore_o to_o make_v sure_a work_n with_o he_o he_o pursue_v he_o close_o into_o the_o wood_n owen_n be_v forewarn_v by_o his_o man_n that_o a_o great_a number_n follow_v he_o and_o advise_v to_o make_v all_o speed_n to_o get_v away_o be_v deaf_a to_o all_o such_o counsel_n as_o think_v that_o they_o of_o who_o his_o man_n be_v so_o much_o afraid_a of_o be_v the_o king_n friend_n and_o therefore_o their_o integrity_n need_v not_o be_v question_v since_o they_o all_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o same_o common_a cause_n but_o he_o find_v that_o a_o private_a quarrel_n be_v sometime_o more_o regard_v than_o the_o public_a good_a and_o therefore_o when_o gerald_n be_v advance_v within_o bow-shot_a he_o greet_v he_o with_o a_o volloy_n of_o arrow_n to_o show_v how_o great_a a_o friend_n he_o be_v but_o owen_n though_o persuade_v to_o flee_v be_v so_o little_o terrify_v at_o such_o a_o unwelcome_a salutation_n that_o though_o the_o enemy_n be_v seven_o to_o one_o yet_o he_o tell_v they_o that_o they_o be_v but_o fleming_n and_o such_o as_o always_o tremble_v at_o the_o hear_n of_o his_o name_n and_o then_o fall_v on_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o courage_n he_o be_v at_o the_o
resolve_v to_o keep_v the_o passage_n or_o to_o die_v upon_o the_o spot_n the_o king_n find_v they_o so_o resolute_a desire_v they_o to_o go_v to_o meredith_n and_o propose_v to_o he_o a_o agreement_n of_o peace_n which_o he_o and_o his_o cousin_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n accept_v of_o and_o promise_v to_o pay_v the_o king_n 10000_o head_n of_o cattle_n in_o retribution_n for_o former_a offence_n and_o so_o king_n henry_n leave_v all_o thing_n in_o a_o peaceable_a and_o quiet_a posture_n in_o wales_n and_o appoint_v the_o lord_n fitz-warren_n warden_n or_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o march_n return_v to_o england_n but_o when_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o country_n the_o welsh_a can_v never_o forbear_v quarrel_v a.d._n 1120_o with_o each_o other_o for_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n who_o have_v be_v now_o for_o some_o time_n quiet_a fall_v upon_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi sulhaern_n and_o for_o what_o reason_n not_o discover_v treacherous_o slay_v he_o but_o the_o next_o year_n a.d._n 1121_o there_o happen_v another_o occasion_n of_o disturbance_n and_o fall_v out_o among_o the_o welsh_a for_o eineon_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n die_v leave_v all_o his_o share_n of_o powy_n and_o merionyth_n to_o his_o brother_n meredith_n but_o his_o uncle_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n think_v that_o these_o land_n more_o proper_o belong_v to_o he_o eject_v his_o nephew_n meredith_n to_o who_o his_o brother_n eineon_n have_v leave_v they_o and_o take_v possession_n of_o they_o himself_o and_o what_o augment_v these_o difference_n king_n henry_n set_v now_o at_o liberty_n ithel_n ap_fw-mi riryd_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n meredith_n nephew_n who_o have_v be_v for_o a_o long_a time_n detain_v in_o prison_n who_o come_v to_o his_o own_o country_n be_v in_o expectation_n to_o enjoy_v his_o estate_n which_o upon_o his_o be_v put_v in_o custody_n his_o relation_n have_v divide_v betwixt_o they_o of_o which_o the_o great_a share_n fall_v to_o his_o uncle_n meredith_n but_o when_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n be_v inform_v how_o that_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n contrary_a to_o all_o justice_n have_v take_v away_o by_o force_n the_o land_n of_o his_o nephew_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n he_o send_v his_o son_n cadwalhon_n and_o owen_n with_o a_o army_n into_o merionyth_n who_o conquer_a and_o bring_v to_o subjection_n all_o the_o country_n carry_v away_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o people_n and_o all_o the_o cattle_n to_o lhyn_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n enter_v into_o the_o land_n of_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahaern_n and_o cruel_o waste_v and_o destroy_v it_o by_o reason_n that_o he_o have_v countenance_v the_o do_n of_o their_o uncle_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n but_o these_o inward_a clashing_n and_o animosity_n concern_v estate_n and_o title_n be_v second_v by_o most_o unnatural_a bloodshed_n and_o unparalleled_a cruelty_n for_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n when_o he_o find_v that_o his_o nephew_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o that_o it_o a.d._n 1122_o be_v impracticable_a to_o keep_v merionyth_n from_o he_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o practice_n that_o upon_o his_o nephew_n which_o he_o have_v fail_v to_o effect_v upon_o another_o and_o therefore_o lest_o his_o other_o nephew_n ithel_n ap_fw-mi riryd_n shall_v meet_v with_o the_o like_a help_n and_o encouragement_n to_o recover_v those_o land_n which_o during_o his_o imprisonment_n be_v take_v away_o from_o he_o of_o which_o his_o uncle_n actual_o enjoy_v a_o considerable_a share_n meredith_n think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o prevent_v all_o manner_n of_o dispute_n by_o send_v ithel_n out_o of_o the_o world_n which_o upon_o mature_a deliberation_n he_o treacherous_o effect_v nor_o be_v this_o the_o only_a murder_n commit_v at_o this_o time_n for_o cadwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n exceed_v he_o far_o and_o slay_v his_o three_o uncle_n grono_n riryd_n and_o meilyr_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n but_o which_o be_v most_o unnatural_a of_o all_o morgan_z ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n kill_v his_o brother_n meredith_n a_o crime_n most_o execrable_a though_o he_o do_v afterward_o repent_v of_o it_o a.d._n 1124_o not_o long_o after_o this_o gruffyth_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n by_o the_o false_a and_o invidious_a accusation_n of_o the_o norman_n be_v dispossess_v of_o all_o the_o land_n which_o king_n henry_n have_v former_o grant_v he_o and_o which_o he_o have_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n peaceable_o enjoy_v and_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o same_o year_n die_v daniel_n ap_fw-mi sulgien_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n and_o archdeacon_n of_o powy_n a_o man_n of_o extraordinary_a piety_n and_o learning_n and_o one_o who_o make_v it_o his_o continual_a employment_n to_o endeavour_v to_o work_v a_o reconciliation_n betwixt_o north-wales_n and_o powy_n which_o in_o his_o time_n be_v at_o perpetual_a variance_n and_o enmity_n with_o one_o another_o the_o next_o year_n die_v likewise_o a.d._n 1125_o gruffydh_n the_o son_n of_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n owen_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n have_v get_v into_o his_o hand_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi lhywarch_n deliver_v he_o to_o pain_n fitz-john_n to_o be_v keep_v safe_a prisoner_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o bridgnorth_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v because_o meredith_n have_v slay_v meyric_n his_o cousin-german_a and_o very_o barbarous_o have_v pull_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o two_o more_o of_o his_o cousin_n the_o son_n of_o griffri_n this_o cruel_a and_o inhuman_a custom_n of_o pluck_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o such_o as_o they_o hate_v or_o fear_v be_v too_o frequent_o practise_v in_o wales_n for_o the_o a.d._n 1126_o follow_a year_n jevaf_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n serve_v two_o of_o his_o brethren_n after_o this_o unnatural_a manner_n and_o think_v that_o too_o little_a pass_v a_o sentence_n of_o perpetual_a banishment_n upon_o they_o a_o little_a after_o his_o brother_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi owen_n slay_v jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi lhywarch_n but_o all_o this_o mischief_n practise_v by_o these_o two_o brother_n jevaf_a and_o lhewelyn_n turn_v at_o last_o upon_o themselves_o for_o their_o uncle_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n being_n apprehensive_a that_o his_o two_o nephew_n be_v a_o considerable_a rub_n in_o his_o way_n and_o if_o they_o troop_v off_o that_o all_o their_o estate_n will_v of_o right_a fall_n to_o he_o slay_v jevaf_n outright_o and_o have_v pluck_v out_o lhewelyn_n eye_n castrate_v he_o for_o fear_v he_o shall_v beget_v any_o child_n to_o inherit_v his_o land_n after_o he_o these_o no_o doubt_n be_v implacable_a time_n when_o for_o the_o least_o offence_n nay_o sometime_o suspicion_n murder_n be_v so_o open_o and_o incorrigible_o commit_v which_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v attribute_v to_o this_o one_o principle_n that_o so_o many_o petty_a state_n have_v equal_a power_n and_o authority_n in_o their_o own_o territory_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o none_o but_o the_o king_n of_o england_n still_o endeavour_v to_o outvie_v and_o overtop_n each_o other_o and_o so_o nearness_n of_o relation_n give_v way_n to_o ambition_n they_o never_o regard_v those_o of_o the_o same_o blood_n so_o that_o themselves_o may_v add_v to_o their_o strength_n and_o increase_v their_o estate_n by_o their_o fall_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n meyric_n slay_v lhywarch_n and_o his_o son_n madawc_n his_o own_o cousin_n but_o before_o he_o can_v make_v any_o advantage_n of_o their_o death_n he_o be_v himself_o serve_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o the_o only_a person_n who_o afterward_o repent_v of_o such_o a_o foul_a crime_n be_v morgan_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n who_o be_v severe_o trouble_v in_o mind_n for_o the_o murder_n he_o have_v late_o commit_v upon_o his_o brother_n meredith_n take_v a_o journey_n to_o jerusalem_n to_o expiate_v for_o his_o crime_n and_o in_o his_o return_n from_o thence_o dye_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o cyprus_n but_o this_o treacherous_a way_n of_o private_a murder_v those_o by_o who_o they_o be_v offend_v can_v not_o be_v forget_v among_o the_o welsh_a for_o eineon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n a.d._n 1129_o calling_n to_o mind_n how_o that_o cadwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n have_v base_o slay_v three_o of_o his_o brother_n and_o take_v the_o opportunity_n of_o his_o be_v at_o nanhewdwy_n assist_v by_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi grono_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n set_v upon_o he_o and_o slay_v he_o about_o the_o same_o time_n that_o great_a usurper_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n who_o by_o most_o unnatural_a and_o most_o hellish_a practice_n have_v get_v the_o land_n of_o all_o his_o brother_n and_o nephew_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n be_v become_v a_o man_n of_o the_o great_a strength_n and_o sway_n in_o powy_n dye_v of_o a_o severe_a fit_a of_o sickness_n which_o reduce_v he_o to_o that_o
apprehension_n of_o his_o former_a miscarriage_n that_o he_o endure_v penance_n for_o the_o expiation_n of_o former_a guilt_n a.d._n 1134_o in_o the_o year_n 1134._o till_o which_o time_n nothing_o of_o moment_n be_v transact_v in_o wales_n henry_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o england_n dye_v in_o normandy_n in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n after_o who_o stephen_n earl_n of_o buloign_n son_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o bloys_n his_o sister_n son_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o hugh_n bygod_n be_v crown_v king_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n consent_v thereunto_o though_o contrary_a to_o a_o former_a oath_n they_o have_v take_v to_o maud_n the_o empress_n the_o first_o thing_n that_o employ_v his_o thought_n after_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o government_n be_v against_o david_n king_n of_o the_o scot_n who_o take_v advantage_n of_o this_o new_a revolution_n in_o england_n by_o some_o treacherous_a mean_n or_o other_o get_v the_o town_n of_o carlisle_n and_o newcastle_n into_o his_o hand_n but_o king_n stephen_n though_o scarce_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n present_o march_v towards_o the_o north_n of_o who_o come_v david_n be_v assure_v and_o fear_v to_o meet_v he_o voluntary_o restore_v newcastle_n and_o compound_v for_o carlisle_n but_o will_v not_o swear_v to_o he_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o oath_n to_o maud_n which_o however_o his_o son_n henry_n do_v not_o stick_v at_o and_o thereupon_o be_v by_o king_n stephen_n create_v earl_n of_o huntingdon_n this_o change_n and_o alteration_n of_o affair_n in_o england_n make_v also_o a.d._n 1135_o the_o welsh_a bestir_v themselves_o for_o morgan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n a_o man_n of_o considerable_a quality_n and_o estate_n in_o wales_n remember_v the_o wrong_n and_o injury_n he_o have_v receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o richard_n fitz-gilbert_n slay_v he_o together_o with_o his_o son_n gilbert_n and_o short_o after_o cadwallader_n and_o owen_n gwyneth_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n have_v raise_v a_o mighty_a army_n march_v against_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n and_o come_v to_o cardigan_n commit_v very_o considerable_a waste_n and_o havoc_n in_o the_o country_n and_o take_v two_o of_o the_o strong_a place_n one_o belong_v to_o walter_n espec_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n in_o this_o last_o place_n they_o be_v join_v by_o howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n who_o march_v forward_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o richard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mare_n together_o with_o those_o of_o dinerth_n and_o caerwedros_n and_o then_o return_v with_o very_o valuable_a booty_n but_o have_v succeed_v so_o well_o in_o this_o expedition_n they_o can_v not_o rest_v satisfy_v till_o they_o have_v rid_v the_o whole_a country_n from_o the_o intolerable_a pride_n and_o oppression_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n and_o therefore_o return_v the_o same_o year_n to_o cardigan_n with_o 6000_o foot_n and_o 2000_o horse_n well_o discipline_v and_o experience_v soldier_n and_o be_v join_v by_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n of_o brecknock_n with_o his_o son_n and_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n they_o overran_a the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o aberteifi_n restore_v all_o the_o former_a inhabitant_n to_o their_o proper_a inheritance_n and_o discard_n all_o such_o stranger_n as_o the_o late_a earl_n of_o strygil_n have_v place_v in_o the_o country_n but_o when_o stephen_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o aberteifi_n see_v that_o he_o call_v to_o he_o robert_n fitz-martyn_n the_o son_n of_o gerald_n and_o william_n fitz-john_n with_o all_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o norman_n fleming_n and_o english_a in_o wales_n or_o the_o march_n and_o meet_v with_o the_o welsh_a betwixt_o aber_n ned_n and_o aber_n dyfi_n give_v they_o battle_n but_o after_o a_o very_a sore_n and_o bloody_a encounter_n the_o english_a begin_v to_o give_v ground_n and_o according_a to_o their_o usual_a manner_n trust_v too_o much_o to_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o town_n and_o fortification_n begin_v to_o look_v how_o to_o save_v themselves_o that_o way_n but_o the_o welsh_a press_v upon_o they_o so_o hard_o that_o they_o kill_v above_o 3000_o man_n beside_o several_a that_o be_v drown_v and_o take_v prisoner_n this_o victory_n be_v so_o happy_o obtain_v cadwallader_n and_o owen_n overran_a the_o whole_a country_n force_v all_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n to_o depart_v the_o country_n with_o all_o speed_n and_o place_v in_o their_o room_n those_o miserable_a welsh_a who_o have_v be_v so_o long_o deprive_v and_o keep_v from_o their_o own_o estate_n and_o after_o they_o have_v weed_v the_o country_n of_o those_o insatiable_a caterpillar_n they_o return_v to_o north_n wales_n lade_v with_o very_o rich_a spoil_n and_o acceptable_a plunder_n the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o take_v notice_n to_o what_o extremity_n his_o subject_n be_v reduce_v to_o in_o wales_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o own_o noble_n of_o england_n be_v rise_v in_o arm_n against_o he_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o tumult_n among_o the_o nobility_n be_v occasion_v by_o a_o fallacious_a report_n that_o go_v about_o of_o the_o king_n death_n who_o lie_v then_o sick_a of_o a_o lethargy_n they_o that_o bear_v he_o no_o good_a will_n verify_v the_o rumour_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v and_o stir_v up_o the_o common_a people_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o empress_n whereas_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o king_n friend_n betake_v themselves_o to_o castle_n and_o strong_a hold_v for_o fear_n of_o the_o empress_n and_z among_z other_o hugh_z bigod_n secure_v the_o castle_n of_o norwich_n and_o after_o that_o he_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o king_n be_v well_o again_o he_o be_v loath_a to_o deliver_v the_o same_o out_o of_o his_o possession_n a.d._n 1136_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o the_o king_n be_v own_o hand_n but_o during_o these_o commotion_n and_o trouble_n in_o england_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n son_n to_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n dye_v leave_v issue_n behind_o he_o a_o son_n call_v rhys_n common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o lord_n rhys_n by_o gwenlhian_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n who_o by_o some_o be_v say_v to_o have_v poison_v her_o husband_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o same_o year_n die_v likewise_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v 57_o year_n to_o the_o great_a grief_n and_o discontent_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n as_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o incomparable_a quality_n and_o one_o who_o after_o divers_a victory_n obtain_v over_o the_o english_a have_v thorough_o purge_v north-wales_n from_o all_o stranger_n and_o foreigner_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o angharad_n the_o daughter_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n three_o son_n namely_o owen_n cadwallader_n and_o cadwalhon_n and_o five_o daughter_n marret_n susanna_n ranulht_n agnes_n and_o gwenlhian_a and_o by_o a_o concubine_n jago_n ascain_n edwal_n abbot_n of_o penmon_n dolhing_n and_o elen_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o hova_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n felyn_n of_o yal_a there_o be_v several_a good_a and_o wholesome_a law_n and_o statute_n enact_v in_o his_o time_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n he_o reform_v the_o great_a disorder_n of_o the_o welsh_a minstrel_n which_o be_v then_o grow_v to_o great_a abuse_n of_o these_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n in_o wales_n the_o first_o be_v call_v beirdh_n who_o compose_v several_a song_n and_o ode_n of_o various_a measure_n wherein_o the_o poet_n skill_n be_v not_o only_o require_v but_o also_o a_o natural_a endowment_n or_o a_o vein_n which_o the_o latin_n term_v furor_fw-la poeticus_fw-la these_o likewise_o keep_v the_o record_n of_o all_o gentleman_n arm_n and_o pedigree_n and_o be_v principal_o esteem_v among_o all_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o welsh_a poet_n the_o next_o be_v such_o as_o play_v upon_o musical_a instrument_n chief_o the_o harp_n and_o the_o crowd_n which_o music_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n first_o bring_v over_o into_o wales_n who_o be_v bear_v in_o ireland_n and_o descend_v by_o his_o mother_n side_n of_o irish_a parent_n bring_v with_o he_o from_o thence_o several_a skilful_a musician_n who_o invent_v almost_o all_o the_o instrument_n as_o be_v afterward_o play_v upon_o in_o wales_n the_o last_o sort_n be_v call_v atcaneay_v who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o sing_v to_o the_o instrument_n play_v upon_o by_o another_o each_o of_o these_o by_o the_o same_o statute_n have_v their_o several_a reward_n and_o encouragement_n allot_v to_o they_o their_o life_n and_o behaviour_n be_v to_o be_v spotless_a and_o unblameable_a otherwise_o their_o punishment_n be_v very_o severe_a and_o rigid_a every_o one_o have_v authority_n to_o punish_v and_o correct_v they_o even_o to_o the_o deprivation_n of_o all_o they_o have_v they_o be_v also_o
each_o other_o but_o a.d._n 1142_o short_o after_o this_o a_o irreconcilable_a difference_n fall_v out_o betwixt_o anarawd_n son_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o his_o father_n in_o law_n cadwallader_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o brother_n to_o prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n which_o from_o word_n quick_o proceed_v to_o blow_n in_o this_o scuffle_n anarawd_n be_v unhappy_o slay_v which_o so_o exasperate_v prince_n owen_n against_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n that_o together_o with_o his_o son_n howel_n he_o march_v with_o a_o army_n into_o his_o brother_n country_n and_o after_o a_o considerable_a waste_n and_o destruction_n burn_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n cadwallader_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o prince_n owen_n approach_n withdraw_v himself_o and_o flee_v to_o ireland_n where_o have_v hire_v a_o great_a number_n of_o irish_a and_o scots_a for_o two_o thousand_o mark_n under_o the_o command_n of_o octer_n and_o the_o son_n of_o turkel_n and_o cherulf_n he_o strike_v sail_n for_o wales_n and_o land_v at_o abermenay_n in_o carnarvonshire_n the_o prince_n to_o protract_v no_o time_n march_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o prevent_v their_o far_a progress_n into_o the_o country_n and_o both_o army_n be_v come_v in_o view_n of_o each_o other_o a_o peace_n be_v happy_o conclude_v betwixt_o the_o two_o brother_n the_o irish_a understanding_n this_o and_o how_o that_o their_o come_n over_o be_v like_a to_o prove_v but_o a_o fool_n be_v errant_a to_o they_o they_o surprise_v and_o secure_v cadwallader_n till_o their_o wage_n and_o arrear_n be_v pay_v who_o to_o obtain_v his_o liberty_n deliver_v to_o they_o two_o thousand_o head_n of_o cattle_n beside_o many_o prisoner_n and_o other_o booty_n which_o they_o have_v take_v in_o the_o country_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o prince_n be_v inform_v that_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n be_v set_v loose_a without_o any_o far_a demur_n upon_o the_o case_n he_o fall_v in_o upon_o the_o irish_a and_o have_v slay_v a_o very_a considerable_a number_n of_o they_o recover_v all_o the_o booty_n they_o purpose_v to_o ship_v off_o and_o force_v as_o many_o as_o can_v escape_v to_o return_v with_o great_a loss_n and_o a_o great_a shame_n back_o to_o ireland_n but_o the_o norman_n speed_v far_o better_a in_o wales_n hugh_n son_n to_o radulph_n earl_n of_o chester_n have_v fortify_v his_o castle_n of_o cymaron_n set_v upon_o and_o win_v the_o country_n of_o melienyth_n a_o second_o time_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o clun_n be_v fortify_v by_o another_o lord_n all_o eluel_n become_v subject_a to_o the_o norman_n the_o same_o time_n king_n stephen_n take_v geoffrey_n mandeville_n prisoner_n at_o s._n alban_n where_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o slip_n of_o his_o horse_n be_v like_a to_o be_v drown_v in_o the_o river_n but_o the_o earl_n of_o mandeville_n to_o obtain_v his_o liberty_n deliver_v up_o to_o the_o king_n the_o tower_n of_o london_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o walden_n and_o plassey_n which_o reduce_v he_o to_o that_o condition_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o live_v upon_o the_o plunder_n and_o spoil_n of_o abbey_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n till_o at_o length_n he_o be_v slay_v in_o a_o skirmish_n against_o the_o king_n and_o his_o son_n banish_v the_o kingdom_n the_o next_o year_n a_o skirmish_n happen_v betwixt_o hugh_n a.d._n 1144_o de_fw-fr mortimer_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi howel_n wherein_o the_o latter_a be_v take_v prisoner_n with_o many_o other_o of_o his_o accomplice_n who_o be_v all_o commit_v to_o prison_n by_o the_o english_a but_o it_o fare_v much_o better_o with_o howel_n and_o conan_n the_o son_n of_o prince_n owen_n who_o have_v raise_v a_o army_n against_o the_o fleming_n and_o norman_n gain_v a_o considerable_a victory_n at_o aberteifi_n and_o have_v place_v a_o garrison_n in_o the_o town_n return_v home_o with_o great_a honour_n and_o much_o booty_n about_o the_o same_o time_n sulien_n ap_fw-mi rhythmarch_n one_o of_o the_o college_n of_o lhanbadarn_n and_o a_o person_n of_o great_a read_n and_o extensive_a learning_n depart_v this_o life_n short_o after_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o clare_n come_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o force_n to_o dyfed_a and_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o caermardhyn_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o the_o son_n of_o vchtryd_v hugh_n mortimer_n a.d._n 1145_o likewise_o slay_v meyric_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi riryd_n ap_fw-mi bleddu_n and_o meredic_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n and_o so_o far_o it_o go_v of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o english_a but_o now_o the_o welsh_a begin_v to_o gain_v ground_n cadelh_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o dynefowr_n belong_v to_o earl_n gilbert_n which_o be_v surrender_v up_o cadelh_n assist_v by_o his_o brethren_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n bring_v his_o army_n before_o the_o castle_n of_o caermardhyn_n which_o after_o a_o short_a siege_n yield_v in_o like_a manner_n reserve_v only_o this_o one_o condition_n that_o the_o garrison_n shall_v not_o be_v put_v to_o the_o sword_n from_o thence_o he_o march_v to_o lhanstephan_n and_o set_v before_o the_o castle_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o which_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n come_v with_o their_o force_n be_v shameful_o vanquish_v and_o overcome_v and_o so_o the_o castle_n be_v easy_o deliver_v up_o to_o the_o welsh_a but_o the_o norman_n be_v so_o cruel_o nettle_v at_o this_o that_o they_o muster_v up_o all_o the_o force_n they_o can_v possible_o draw_v together_o out_o of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n and_o unexpected_o surround_v the_o castle_n intend_v by_o all_o possible_a mean_n to_o recover_v the_o same_o but_o the_o governor_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi a_o man_n of_o great_a year_n and_o no_o less_o experience_n so_o animate_v and_o encourage_v the_o besiege_v that_o when_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n venture_v to_o scale_v the_o wall_n they_o be_v bear_v back_o with_o such_o vigour_n and_o loss_n of_o their_o side_n that_o at_o length_n they_o be_v compel_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o leave_v the_o welsh_a in_o possession_n of_o the_o castle_n short_o after_o this_o run_v the_o son_n of_o prince_n owen_n of_o north-wales_n a_o youth_n of_o excellent_a hope_n and_o incomparable_a qualification_n dye_v who_o death_n his_o father_n take_v so_o much_o to_o heart_n that_o for_o some_o time_n he_o seem_v to_o be_v past_o all_o comfort_n be_v fall_v into_o such_o a_o melancholy_a disposition_n that_o he_o be_v divert_v with_o nothing_o but_o retirement_n but_o a_o accident_n fall_v out_o which_o rouse_v he_o out_o of_o this_o lethargical_a fit_a of_o sorrow_n and_o discontent_n the_o castle_n of_o mould_n be_v so_o very_o strong_a and_o well_o garrison_v by_o the_o english_a that_o it_o mighty_o annoy_v the_o country_n thereabouts_o and_o have_v be_v frequent_o besiege_v but_o can_v never_o be_v take_v prince_n owen_n at_o this_o time_n levy_v a_o army_n and_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o it_o and_o the_o garrison_n for_o several_a assault_n behave_v itself_o so_o manful_o that_o the_o place_n seem_v impregnable_a and_o invincible_a but_o the_o presence_n and_o example_n of_o prince_n owen_n so_o encourage_v his_o man_n that_o they_o fall_v on_o with_o all_o possible_a vigour_n and_o may_v and_o at_o last_o force_v their_o entrance_n into_o the_o castle_n have_v put_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n and_o take_v the_o rest_n prisoner_n the_o castle_n be_v raze_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o this_o fortunate_a attempt_n so_o please_v the_o prince_n that_o he_o forget_v all_o sorrow_n for_o his_o son_n and_o return_v to_o his_o usual_a temper_n and_o accustom_a merriment_n at_o the_o same_o time_n king_n stephen_n of_o england_n obtain_v a_o remarkable_a victory_n over_o his_o enemy_n at_o farendon_n and_o although_o the_o ensue_a year_n rondel_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o he_o be_v reconcile_v yet_o he_o think_v it_o more_o adviseable_a to_o detain_v he_o prisoner_n though_o contrary_a to_o his_o promise_n until_o such_o time_n as_o the_o earl_n will_v deliver_v up_o the_o castle_n of_o lincoln_n with_o all_o the_o fort_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n in_o his_o custody_n a.d._n 1146_o the_o next_o year_n cadelh_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n bring_v a_o army_n before_o the_o castle_n of_o gwys_n but_o find_v themselves_o too_o weak_a to_o master_v it_o they_o desire_v howel_n son_n to_o prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n a_o person_n famous_o remarkable_a for_o martial_a endowment_n to_o come_v to_o their_o assistance_n howel_n who_o be_v ever_o very_o desirous_a to_o signalise_v himself_o and_o to_o evidence_n his_o valour_n to_o the_o world_n ready_o consent_v to_o their_o request_n and_o have_v draw_v his_o force_n together_o march_v direct_o towards_o
gwys_n where_o be_v arrive_v he_o be_v joyful_o receive_v and_o honourable_o entertain_v by_o such_o lord_n as_o desire_v his_o help_n have_v view_v the_o strength_n and_o fortification_n of_o the_o castle_n he_o find_v it_o be_v impracticable_a to_o take_v the_o place_n without_o the_o wall_n can_v be_v destroy_v and_o therefore_o he_o give_v order_n that_o certain_a batter_a engine_n shall_v be_v provide_v whilst_o the_o rest_n shall_v gall_v and_o molest_v the_o besiege_v by_o throw_v of_o great_a stone_n into_o the_o castle_n the_o enemy_n perceive_v what_o irresistible_a preparation_n the_o besieger_n contrive_v think_v it_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o withstand_v their_o fury_n and_o therefore_o to_o do_v that_o voluntary_o which_o must_v be_v do_v by_o compulsion_n they_o present_o yield_v up_o the_o castle_n short_o after_o this_o a_o great_a difference_n happen_v betwixt_o the_o son_n of_o prince_n owen_n howel_n and_o conan_n and_o their_o uncle_n cadwallader_n whereupon_o the_o former_a enter_v with_o a_o army_n into_o the_o country_n of_o merionyth_n and_o commit_v great_a waste_v and_o hostility_n there_o insomuch_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n flock_v into_o sanctuary_n to_o save_v their_o life_n but_o the_o young_a lord_n find_v what_o fearful_a and_o unstable_a condition_n the_o people_n be_v in_o and_o the_o better_a to_o draw_v they_o to_o their_o side_n issue_v out_o their_o proclamation_n assure_v that_o all_o who_o will_v favour_v their_o country_n shall_v not_o only_o enjoy_v their_o life_n but_o their_o former_a liberty_n and_o accustom_a privilege_n upon_o the_o publication_n of_o which_o edict_n the_o people_n return_v to_o their_o own_o habitation_n have_v by_o this_o stratagem_n bring_v all_o the_o country_n under_o their_o own_o pleasure_n and_o good_a will_n they_o lead_v their_o army_n before_o the_o castle_n of_o cynfael_n belong_v to_o cadwallader_n which_o he_o have_v build_v and_o strong_o fortify_v the_o government_n of_o this_o castle_n cadwallader_n have_v commit_v to_o merfyn_n abbot_n of_o tygwyn_n or_o the_o white-house_n who_o be_v summon_v to_o surrender_v by_o the_o brother_n howel_n and_o conan_n do_v not_o only_o refuse_v but_o defy_v their_o utmost_a effort_n upon_o the_o place_n the_o lord_n find_v they_o can_v do_v no_o good_a by_o threat_n and_o menace_n judge_v it_o more_o convenient_a to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o other_o extreme_a and_o therefore_o promise_v the_o abbot_n a_o very_a high_a reward_n if_o he_o will_v deliver_v the_o castle_n into_o their_o hand_n but_o all_o prove_v to_o no_o effect_n the_o abbot_n be_v a_o person_n of_o more_o honesty_n and_o great_a honour_n than_o to_o be_v corrupt_v to_o betray_v his_o trust_n tell_v they_o flat_o that_o he_o will_v not_o deceive_v his_o master_n expectation_n and_o therefore_o will_v choose_v rather_o to_o die_v with_o honour_n than_o to_o live_v with_o shame_n the_o lord_n find_v he_o inexorable_a and_o withal_o be_v vex_v that_o a_o churchman_n shall_v put_v such_o a_o stop_n to_o their_o fortunate_a proceed_n make_v such_o a_o vigorous_a assault_n upon_o the_o castle_n that_o after_o they_o have_v pull_v down_o some_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n they_o enter_v in_o by_o force_n and_o ravage_v so_o furious_o that_o they_o kill_v and_o wound_v the_o whole_a garrison_n the_o abbot_n only_o escape_v who_o by_o the_o help_n of_o some_o of_o his_o friend_n in_o howel_n army_n get_v away_o safe_a towards_o the_o close_a of_o this_o year_n several_a person_n of_o note_n depart_v this_o life_n among_o who_o be_v robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o clare_n as_o also_o vchthryd_n bishop_n of_o llandaf_n a_o man_n of_o great_a piety_n and_o learning_n in_o who_o see_v succeed_v nicholas_n ab_fw-la gurgant_n a.d._n 1147_o the_o follow_a year_n also_o die_v bernard_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o david_n fitzgerald_n a.d._n 1148_o then_o archdeacon_n of_o cardigan_n sometime_o after_o prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n build_v a_o castle_n in_o yale_n call_v castelh_n y_o rodwyth_n and_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n build_v another_o at_o lhanrystid_n and_o bestow_v his_o part_n of_o cardigan_n upon_o his_o son_n cadwgan_n also_o madoc_n the_o son_n of_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n found_v the_o castle_n of_o oswestry_n and_o give_v his_o nephew_n owen_n and_o meyric_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n his_o share_n of_o cyfeilioc_n a.d._n 1149_o the_o next_o year_n conan_n son_n to_o prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n for_o certain_a fault_n and_o miscarriage_n commit_v against_o his_o father_n though_o the_o particular_n be_v not_o discover_v be_v put_v in_o prison_n where_o for_o some_o time_n he_o continue_v in_o custody_n but_o it_o fare_v better_a with_o his_o brother_n howel_n who_o have_v make_v his_o uncle_n cadwallader_n his_o prisoner_n reduce_v all_o his_o country_n together_o with_o his_o castle_n subject_n to_o himself_o in_o south-wales_n some_o business_n of_o moment_n happen_v this_o year_n cadelh_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n have_v fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o carmardhyn_n march_v with_o his_o army_n towards_o cydwely_n waste_v and_o destroy_v the_o whole_a country_n and_o be_v return_v home_o join_v his_o army_n with_o his_o brother_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n who_o enter_v into_o the_o country_n of_o cardigan_n win_v that_o part_n call_v be_v aeron_n this_o be_v succeed_v by_o a_o action_n of_o great_a importance_n in_o north-wales_n some_o irreconcilable_a difference_n arise_v betwixt_o prince_n owen_n and_o rondel_n earl_n of_o chester_n quick_o break_v out_o into_o open_a war._n the_o earl_n make_v all_o the_o possible_a preparation_n the_o opportunity_n will_v permit_v and_o draw_v together_o a_o considerable_a army_n from_o all_o part_n of_o england_n and_o which_o strengthen_v and_o encourage_v he_o the_o more_o he_o be_v join_v by_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powy_n who_o disdain_v to_o hold_v his_o land_n of_o prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n choose_v rather_o to_o side_n with_o and_o abet_v his_o enemy_n the_o prince_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v not_o backward_o in_o his_o preparation_n and_o perceive_v the_o enemy_n to_o come_v upon_o he_o think_v it_o not_o advisable_v to_o suffer_v he_o to_o advance_v too_o far_o into_o the_o country_n but_o to_o stop_v and_o prevent_v his_o career_n before_o he_o shall_v take_v too_o firm_a a_o foot_n in_o his_o dominion_n to_o this_o end_n he_o march_v with_o his_o whole_a power_n as_o far_o as_o counsylht_v with_o full_a resolution_n to_o give_v the_o earl_n of_o chester_n battel_n which_o the_o english_a be_v glad_a of_o as_o think_v themselves_o far_o more_o numerous_a and_o much_o better_o arm_v and_o discipline_v than_o the_o welsh_a but_o both_o army_n have_v join_v battle_n they_o quick_o falter_v in_o their_o expectation_n of_o undoubted_a success_n and_o find_v the_o welsh_a to_o press_v so_o irresistible_o severe_a upon_o they_o they_o think_v it_o wise_a to_o retire_v and_o endeavour_v to_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n but_o the_o welsh_a pursue_v they_o so_o hard_o that_o few_o escape_v without_o be_v either_o slay_v or_o take_v prisoner_n and_o they_o some_o of_o the_o chief_a commander_n who_o through_o the_o fleetness_n of_o their_o horse_n avoid_v the_o fury_n of_o their_o pursuer_n the_o next_o year_n the_o scene_n of_o action_n remove_v to_o a.d._n 1150_o south-wales_n cadelh_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v enter_v with_o a_o army_n into_o cardigan_n win_v all_o the_o country_n from_o howel_n the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n son_n except_v the_o castle_n of_o lhanfihangel_n in_o pengwern_n the_o siege_n of_o lhanrystyd_n castle_n prove_v so_o difficult_a and_o unmanagable_a that_o the_o young_a lord_n of_o south-wales_n lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o brave_a soldier_n before_o it_o which_o so_o trouble_v and_o vex_v they_o that_o when_o they_o get_v possession_n of_o the_o castle_n they_o put_v all_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n from_o thence_o they_o march_v to_o ystratmerric_n castle_n which_o after_o they_o have_v win_v man_v and_o refortified_n they_o disband_v their_o force_n and_o return_v home_o but_o cadelh_n the_o elder_a of_o the_o brother_n be_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o receive_v his_o last_o blow_n by_o treachery_n at_o home_n which_o he_o have_v escape_v from_o the_o enemy_n abroad_o for_o some_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o tenbigh_n in_o pembroke_n shire_n have_v conceive_v some_o displeasure_n and_o hatred_n against_o cadelh_n be_v resolve_v to_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o to_o lay_v a_o trap_n for_o his_o life_n and_o have_v observe_v what_o pleasure_n he_o take_v in_o hunt_v be_v resolve_v to_o execute_v their_o plot_n whilst_o he_o be_v hot_a and_o eager_a at_o his_o sport_n observe_v therefore_o one_o day_n how_o he_o go_v a_o hunt_n with_o only_a a_o few_o companion_n
as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v oppose_v send_v he_o to_o the_o king_n officer_n to_o be_v imprison_v at_o winchester_n from_o whence_o he_o quick_o find_v a_o way_n to_o escape_v and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n he_o return_v home_o to_o his_o country_n king_n henry_n continue_v all_o this_o while_n in_o normandy_n and_o during_o his_o stay_n there_o a_o match_n be_v conclude_v upon_o betwixt_o his_o son_n henry_n and_o margaret_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n king_n of_o france_n but_o this_o new_a alliance_n can_v not_o prevent_v these_o two_o monarch_n from_o a.d._n 1160_o fall_v at_o variance_n with_o each_o other_o which_o happen_v the_o year_n follow_v and_o thereupon_o king_n henry_n march_v with_o his_o army_n to_o gascoigne_n to_o quell_v certain_a rebel_n who_o upon_o first_o notice_n of_o this_o breach_n between_o both_o king_n be_v up_o in_o arm_n against_o the_o english_a but_o the_o next_o year_n a_o peace_n be_v again_o conclude_v and_o so_o all_o thing_n return_v to_o their_o former_a state_n of_o a.d._n 1161_o amity_n and_o quietness_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o wales_n for_o howel_n the_o son_n of_o jevaf_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi athlestlan_n glodryth_n have_v get_v to_o his_o hand_n the_o castle_n of_o walwern_n in_o cyfeilioc_n raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n which_o so_o incense_v prince_n owen_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o it_o that_o nothing_o can_v lay_v his_o fury_n till_o he_o have_v draw_v his_o force_n together_o and_o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o lhandhinam_n in_o arust_o howel_n country_n which_o he_o cruel_o harrass_v and_o carry_v away_o considerable_a booty_n the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n perceive_v these_o devastation_n of_o the_o north-wales_n man_n come_v together_o to_o the_o number_n of_o 300_o man_n offer_v their_o service_n to_o their_o natural_a lord_n howel_n ap_fw-mi jefaf_fw-mi who_o upon_o this_o addition_n of_o strength_n follow_v the_o enemy_n to_o the_o bank_n of_o severn_n where_o they_o be_v encamp_v prince_n owen_n find_v they_o to_o march_v after_o he_o be_v glad_a of_o the_o opportunity_n to_o be_v further_o revenge_v upon_o howel_n and_o so_o turn_v sudden_o upon_o they_o he_o slay_v about_o two_o hundred_o man_n the_o rest_n narrow_o escape_v with_o howel_n to_o the_o wood_n and_o rock_n owen_n be_v more_o joyful_a for_o the_o revenge_n he_o have_v take_v of_o howel_n than_o for_o any_o victory_n he_o have_v gain_v rebuilt_a walwern_n castle_n and_o have_v well_o fortify_v and_o man_v it_o return_v home_o to_o north-wales_n a.d._n 1162_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o like_a thing_n happen_v owen_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n common_o call_v owen_n cyfeilioc_n o_o wynedh_n together_o with_o owen_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi howel_n set_v upon_o carrechofa_n castle_n near_o oswestry_n and_o have_v overpower_a the_o garrison_n commit_v great_a waste_n and_o destruction_n therein_o but_o about_o the_o same_o time_n a_o pleasant_a passage_n happen_v in_o england_n robert_n mountford_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr essex_n who_o have_v both_o fight_v against_o the_o welsh_a upon_o the_o march_n and_o both_o run_v begin_v now_o to_o impeach_v each_o other_o as_o be_v the_o first_o occasion_n of_o fly_v the_o dispute_n be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o combat_n in_o which_o be_v engage_v henry_n be_v overcome_v and_o for_o his_o false_a accuse_v of_o robert_n he_o be_v sentence_v to_o have_v his_o estate_n forfeit_v and_o then_o have_v his_o crown_n shear_v he_o be_v enter_v a_o monk_n at_o redding_n within_o a_o little_a after_o king_n henry_n calling_z to_o mind_n what_o prince_n rhys_n have_v commit_v during_o his_o absence_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n draw_v up_o a_o great_a army_n against_o south-wales_n and_o have_v march_v as_o far_o as_o pencadyr_n near_o brecknock_n rhys_n meet_v he_o and_o do_v his_o homage_n and_o have_v deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o his_o future_a behaviour_n stop_v the_o king_n far_a progress_n so_o that_o thence_o he_o return_v to_o england_n but_o after_o the_o king_n departure_n two_o very_a unlucky_a accident_n happen_v in_o wales_n eineon_n the_o son_n of_o anarawd_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi nephew_n to_o prince_n rhys_n be_v villainous_o murder_v in_o his_o bed_n by_o his_o own_o servant_n called_z walter_z ap_fw-mi lhywarch_n as_o also_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n in_o like_a manner_n by_o one_o walter_z ap_fw-mi riccart_n but_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o nephew_n prince_n rhys_n make_v up_o by_o possess_v himself_o of_o that_o large_a country_n call_v cantref_o maâ—r_a and_o the_o land_n of_o dynefowr_n which_o he_o afterward_o enjoy_v of_o man_n of_o learning_n there_o die_v this_o year_n cadifor_n ap_fw-mi daniel_n archdeacon_n of_o cardigan_n and_o henry_n ap_fw-mi arthen_n the_o great_a scholar_n that_o have_v flourish_v in_o wales_n for_o many_o year_n the_o next_o year_n a_o total_a rupture_n break_v forth_o betwixt_o a.d._n 1163_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a prince_n rhys_n a_o man_n of_o a_o active_a and_o uncontrollable_a spirit_n be_v now_o experimental_o sensible_a he_o can_v never_o carry_v on_o the_o greatness_n and_o grandeur_n of_o his_o quality_n with_o such_o land_n as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v allot_v he_o make_v a_o invasion_n into_o the_o lordship_n of_o roger_n de_fw-fr acre_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n be_v move_v thereto_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o nephew_n anarawd_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi be_v murder_v by_o his_o motive_n and_o instigation_n be_v advance_v with_o a_o strong_a army_n into_o the_o earl_n of_o glocester_n estate_n without_o any_o great_a opposition_n he_o take_v aberheidol_n castle_n with_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o son_n of_o wyhyaon_n all_o which_o he_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n thence_o he_o march_v to_o cardigan_n bring_v all_o that_o country_n under_o his_o subjection_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o march_v against_o the_o fleming_n who_o country_n he_o cruel_o harass_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o wales_n perceive_v prince_n rhys_n to_o prosper_v so_o successful_o against_o the_o english_a think_v they_o may_v equal_o succeed_v and_o shake_v off_o the_o english_a yoke_n which_o so_o unreasonable_o oppress_v they_o and_o therefore_o they_o unanimous_o agree_v to_o cast_v off_o their_o subjection_n to_o the_o english_a who_o tyranny_n they_o can_v no_o long_o bear_v and_o to_o put_v over_o they_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n who_o superiority_n they_o can_v better_o tolerate_v and_o so_o this_o year_n conclude_v with_o make_v suitable_a preparation_n for_o the_o follow_a campaign_n a.d._n 1164_o and_o therefore_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o time_n of_o year_n for_o action_n be_v advance_v david_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n fall_v upon_o flintshire_n which_o pertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o carry_v off_o all_o the_o people_n and_o cattle_n with_o he_o bring_v they_o to_o dyffryn_n clwyd_n otherwise_o ruthyn_n land_n king_n henry_n understand_v this_o gather_v together_o his_o force_n and_o with_o all_o speed_n march_v to_o defend_v both_o his_o subject_n and_o town_n from_o the_o incursion_n and_o depredation_n of_o the_o welsh_a be_v come_v to_o ruthlan_n and_o encamp_v there_o three_o day_n he_o quick_o perceive_v he_o can_v do_v no_o great_a matter_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o army_n be_v not_o sufficient_o numerous_a and_o therefore_o he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o return_v back_o to_o england_n and_o to_o augment_v his_o force_n before_o he_o shall_v attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o according_o he_o levy_v the_o most_o choose_a man_n throughout_o all_o his_o dominion_n of_o england_n normandy_n anjou_n gascoin_n and_o gwien_n beside_o those_o succour_n from_o flanders_n and_o britain_n and_o then_o set_v forward_o for_o north-wales_n purpose_v to_o destroy_v without_o mercy_n every_o live_a thing_n he_o can_v possible_o meet_v with_o and_o be_v advance_v as_o far_o as_o croes-oswalt_n call_v oswestry_n he_o encamp_v there_o on_o the_o other_o side_n prince_z owen_z and_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n with_o all_o the_o strength_n of_o north-wales_n prince_n rhys_n with_o those_o of_o south-wales_n owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n with_o all_o the_o power_n of_o powy_n the_o two_o son_n of_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n with_o the_o people_n live_v betwixt_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n and_o wye_n meet_v together_o and_o pitch_v their_o camp_n at_o corwen_n in_o edeyrneon_n intend_v unanimous_o to_o defend_v their_o country_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n king_n henry_n understanding_n that_o they_o be_v so_o near_o be_v very_o desirous_a to_o come_v to_o battle_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o remove_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n ceireoc_n cause_v all_o the_o wood_n thereabouts_o to_o be_v cut_v down_o for_o fear_v of_o
any_o ambushment_n lurk_v therein_o and_o for_o a_o more_o clear_a prospect_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o some_o of_o the_o welsh_a take_v advantage_n of_o this_o opportunity_n who_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o passage_n without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o officer_n fall_v upon_o the_o king_n guard_n where_o all_o the_o pike-man_n be_v post_v and_o after_o a_o hot_a skirmish_n several_z be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n but_o in_o fine_a the_o king_n win_v the_o passage_n and_o so_o march_v on_o to_o the_o mountain_n of_o berwyn_n where_o he_o lie_v sometime_o without_o any_o hostility_n on_o either_o side_n both_o army_n stand_v in_o fear_n of_o each_o other_o the_o english_a keep_v the_o open_a plain_n and_o be_v afraid_a to_o be_v entrap_v in_o the_o strait_n and_o narrow_a passage_n and_o the_o welsh_a on_o the_o other_o hand_n watch_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n and_o observe_v the_o english_a so_o narrow_o that_o neither_o forage_v or_o victual_n can_v pass_v to_o the_o king_n camp_n and_o what_o augment_v the_o misery_n of_o the_o english_a army_n there_o happen_v to_o fall_v such_o a_o rain_n that_o mighty_o disturb_v their_o encampment_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o soldier_n can_v scarce_o stand_v for_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o those_o slippery_a hill_n but_o in_o the_o end_n king_n henry_n be_v force_v to_o decamp_v and_o after_o a_o very_a considerable_a loss_n of_o man_n and_o ammunition_n beside_o the_o great_a charge_n of_o this_o expedition_n be_v compel_v to_o return_v back_o to_o england_n but_o to_o express_v the_o great_a dissatisfaction_n he_o entertain_v of_o this_o enterprise_n in_o a_o great_a fury_n he_o pluck_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o hostage_n which_o he_o have_v some_o time_n afore_o receive_v from_o the_o welsh_a which_o be_v rhys_n and_o cadwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o cynric_n and_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o rhys_n of_o south-wales_n some_o write_v that_o in_o assail_a of_o a_o bridge_n the_o king_n be_v in_o no_o small_a danger_n of_o his_o life_n one_o of_o the_o welsh_a have_v aim_v direct_o at_o he_o be_v like_a to_o pierce_v he_o through_o the_o body_n have_v not_o hubert_n de_fw-fr clare_n constable_n of_o colchester_n who_o perceive_v the_o arrow_n a_o come_n thrust_v himself_o betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o it_o though_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o life_n but_o though_o king_n henry_n be_v shameful_o force_v to_o return_v to_o england_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o give_v over_o the_o thought_n of_o subdue_a the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o after_o a_o long_a consultation_n he_o make_v a_o three_o expedition_n into_o wales_n convey_v his_o army_n by_o sea_n as_o far_o as_o chester_n there_o he_o stay_v for_o some_o time_n till_o all_o his_o fleet_n as_o well_o those_o ship_n that_o he_o have_v hire_v out_o of_o ireland_n as_o his_o own_o be_v all_o arrive_v but_o when_o they_o be_v all_o come_v together_o and_o get_v safe_o to_o chester_n his_o mind_n be_v alter_v and_o instead_o of_o a_o design_n against_o wales_n he_o unexpected_o dismiss_v his_o whole_a army_n prince_n rhys_n be_v glad_a of_o this_o opportunity_n and_o therefore_o withdraw_a his_o force_n from_o the_o confederate_a army_n he_o march_v to_o the_o siege_n of_o aberteifi_n castle_n which_o be_v surrender_v to_o he_o he_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n from_o thence_o he_o get_v before_o cilgerran_n which_o he_o use_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o therein_o take_v prisoner_n robert_n the_o son_n of_o stephen_n his_o cousin-german_a who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o nest_n his_o aunt_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o gerald_n have_v marry_v stephen_n constable_n the_o joy_n of_o these_o happy_a success_n on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o welsh_a be_v somewhat_o cloud_v by_o the_o death_n of_o lhewelyn_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n a_o person_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o exceed_o well_o belove_v of_o all_o his_o country_n a.d._n 1165_o and_o now_o the_o welsh_a be_v something_o secure_a from_o any_o invasion_n from_o the_o english_a there_o rise_v up_o another_o enemy_n to_o create_v they_o disturbance_n the_o fleming_n and_o norman_n find_v the_o english_a to_o fail_v in_o their_o attempt_n against_o the_o welsh_a think_v they_o may_v with_o better_a success_n quell_v and_o subdue_v they_o and_o therefore_o they_o come_v to_o west-wales_n with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o cilgerran_n which_o rhys_n have_v late_o fortify_v but_o after_o two_o different_a assault_n they_o be_v manful_o beat_v back_o and_o force_v to_o depart_v home_o again_o but_o what_o the_o fleming_n can_v not_o effect_v against_o the_o welsh_a in_o south-wales_n the_o welsh_a easy_o bring_v about_o against_o the_o english_a in_o north-wales_n for_o prince_n owen_n have_v besiege_v basingwerk_n castle_n then_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n without_o much_o time_n spend_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v always_o the_o misfortune_n of_o the_o welsh_a that_o when_o they_o find_v themselves_o secure_a from_o any_o enemy_n abroad_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o quarrel_v and_o fall_v out_o at_o home_n though_o indeed_o it_o can_v not_o be_v well_o otherwise_o expect_v where_o so_o many_o petty_a state_n endeavour_v still_o to_o surmount_v and_o outvie_v one_o another_o and_o now_o when_o all_o thing_n go_v very_o successful_o of_o their_o side_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o english_a two_o ambitious_a person_n begin_v to_o kindle_v a_o flame_n in_o their_o own_o bosom_n owen_n cyfeilioc_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi maredith_n lord_n of_o powy_n and_o owen_n fychan_n second_o son_n to_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n forcible_o dispossess_v jorwerth_n goch_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o powy_n which_o they_o divide_v betwixt_o themselves_o mochnant_n vwch_v rayadr_n to_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o mochnant_n be_v rayadr_n to_o owen_n fychan_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n can_v not_o brook_v this_o injury_n do_v to_o jorwerth_n goch_n and_o therefore_o a.d._n 1166_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n with_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n and_o rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n go_v with_o a_o army_n into_o powy_n against_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o have_v chase_v he_o out_o of_o the_o country_n they_o bestow_v caereneon_n upon_o owen_n fychan_n to_o hold_v it_o of_o prince_n owen_n and_o rhys_n have_v walwern_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o lay_v near_o his_o own_o territory_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n return_v with_o a_o numerous_a band_n of_o norman_n and_o english_a along_o with_o he_o and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o caereneon_n which_o he_o burn_v to_o the_o ground_n but_o the_o loss_n of_o this_o place_n be_v make_v up_o by_o the_o take_n of_o ruthlan_n castle_n which_o owen_n rhys_n and_o cadwallader_n joint_o besiege_v and_o which_o be_v so_o strong_o fortify_v and_o so_o manful_o defend_v that_o it_o cost_v they_o three_o month_n before_o they_o can_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o place_n afterward_o they_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o prestatyn_n and_o reduce_v the_o whole_a country_n of_o tegengl_n subject_n to_o prince_n owen_n and_o then_o return_v home_o to_o their_o respective_a dominion_n and_o from_o henceforward_o nothing_o of_o moment_n be_v transact_v during_o the_o remainder_n of_o prince_n owen_n reign_n a.d._n 1167_o only_a his_o son_n conan_n most_o unmerciful_o slay_v vrgeney_n abbot_n of_o lhwythlawr_n together_o with_o his_o nephew_n lhawthen_n but_o a_o little_a after_o prince_n rhys_n of_o south-wales_n a.d._n 1168_o release_v out_o of_o prison_n his_o nephew_n robert_n son_n to_o stephen_n constable_n who_o as_o be_v say_v before_o he_o have_v take_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o calgarran_n castle_n and_o send_v he_o to_o ireland_n to_o the_o aid_n of_o dermot_n the_o son_n of_o murchart_n king_n of_o linster_n who_o be_v then_o in_o actual_a war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o leimster_n with_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n morris_n fitz-gerald_n and_o their_o nephew_n robert_n meyler_n and_o raymond_n go_v over_o a_o strong_a detachment_n of_o welshman_n under_o the_o command_n of_o richard_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strigule_n who_o be_v the_o chief_a motive_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n when_o it_o be_v first_o bring_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n a.d._n 1169_o but_o the_o next_o year_n owen_n gwynedh_n son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n depart_v this_o life_n in_o the_o two_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o be_v a_o wise_a and_o a_o valorous_a prince_n ever_o fortunate_a and_o victorious_a in_o all_o his_o undertake_n insomuch_o as_o he_o never_o undertake_v any_o design_n but_o what_o he_o accomplish_v he_o have_v by_o different_a woman_n several_a issue_n who_o get_v themselves_o great_a esteem_n
ensue_a year_n prince_n rhys_n levy_v a_o great_a army_n who_o first_o attempt_n be_v upon_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o caermadthyn_n both_o which_o he_o take_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o destroy_v and_o then_o return_v with_o considerable_a booty_n not_o long_o after_o he_o lead_v the_o say_a army_n to_o the_o march_n and_o invest_v the_o castle_n of_o clun_n which_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o take_v as_o the_o former_a for_o this_o cost_v he_o a_o long_a siege_n and_o many_o a_o fierce_a assault_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v revenge_v of_o it_o when_o he_o take_v it_o he_o lay_v it_o in_o ash_n thence_o he_o proceed_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o radnor_n which_o he_o likewise_o wan_a but_o immediate_o after_o it_o cost_v he_o a_o bloody_a battle_n for_o he_o be_v no_o soon_o master_n of_o the_o castle_n but_o roger_n mortimer_n and_o hugh_n de_fw-fr say_n come_v with_o a_o numerous_a and_o well-disciplined_a army_n consist_v of_o norman_n and_o english_a to_o the_o relief_n of_o it_o whereupon_o prince_n rhys_n think_v it_o not_o his_o best_a course_n to_o confine_v his_o man_n within_o the_o wall_n lead_v they_o up_o into_o a_o champion_n ground_n hard_a by_o and_o there_o like_o a_o valiant_a prince_n resolve_v to_o give_v his_o enemy_n battle_n though_o they_o have_v much_o the_o advantage_n of_o he_o for_o his_o man_n be_v neither_o so_o well_o arm_v nor_o so_o much_o accustom_v to_o battle_n as_o the_o other_o be_v however_o their_o courage_n make_v amends_o for_o their_o arm_n and_o their_o leader_n prudence_n and_o conduct_v supply_v the_o defect_n of_o their_o discipline_n for_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o die_v honourable_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n than_o shameful_o to_o survive_v the_o loss_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o they_o attack_v their_o enemy_n so_o valiant_o that_o they_o be_v not_o long_o able_a to_o withstand_v their_o force_n but_o quit_v the_o field_n in_o great_a disorder_n leave_v a_o great_a number_n of_o their_o man_n behind_o they_o slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n and_o prince_n rhys_n pursue_v they_o so_o warm_o that_o they_o be_v glad_a of_o the_o shelter_n of_o the_o night_n to_o protect_v they_o from_o his_o fury_n after_o this_o victory_n he_o besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o payne_n in_o elfel_n which_o he_o easy_o take_v and_o keep_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n till_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n the_o owner_n thereof_o come_v to_o he_o and_o humble_o desire_a peace_n of_o he_o which_o he_o grant_v he_o and_o withal_o deliver_v he_o up_o his_o castle_n again_o not_o long_o after_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o king_n richard_n have_v substitute_v his_o lieutenant_n in_o england_n march_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n towards_o wales_n and_o besiege_n the_o castle_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n at_o the_o pool_n but_o the_o garrison_n make_v such_o a_o vigorous_a defence_n that_o he_o lose_v a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o man_n and_o all_o his_o attempt_n prove_v ineffectual_a therefore_o he_o send_v for_o some_o pyoneer_n who_o he_o order_v to_o undermine_v the_o wall_n which_o when_o the_o besiege_v understand_v they_o bethink_v of_o secure_v themselves_o on_o the_o most_o honourable_a term_n they_o can_v they_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o put_v themselves_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o a_o battle_n for_o their_o enemy_n be_v thrice_o their_o number_n therefore_o they_o propose_v to_o surrender_v up_o the_o castle_n on_o condition_n they_o shall_v carry_v off_o all_o their_o arm_n along_o with_o they_o which_o offer_v the_o archbishop_n accept_v of_o and_o so_o permit_v the_o garrison_n to_o march_v out_o quiet_o then_o fortify_v the_o castle_n for_o the_o king_n use_n and_o put_v a_o strong_a garrison_n in_o it_o for_o its_o defence_n he_o return_v again_o to_o england_n but_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v not_o so_o willing_a to_o part_v from_o his_o castle_n as_o never_o to_o attempt_v the_o recovery_n of_o it_o therefore_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o understand_v that_o the_o archbishop_n be_v go_v back_o he_o immediate_o besiege_v it_o and_o short_o after_o receive_v it_o on_o the_o same_o term_n that_o his_o man_n have_v deliver_v it_o up_o and_o afterward_o keep_v it_o for_o his_o own_o use_n a.d._n 1197_o the_o follow_a year_n there_o break_v out_o a_o terrible_a plague_n which_o spread_v over_o all_o britain_n and_o france_n and_o carry_v off_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n beside_o common_a people_n this_o year_n likewise_o die_v the_o valiant_a rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n the_o only_a stay_n and_o defence_n of_o that_o part_n of_o wales_n for_o he_o it_o be_v that_o get_v they_o their_o liberty_n and_o secure_v it_o to_o they_o he_o often_o very_o ready_o expose_v his_o own_o life_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o they_o and_o their_o country_n general_o he_o get_v the_o better_a of_o his_o enemy_n and_o at_o last_o either_o bring_v they_o entire_o under_o his_o subjection_n or_o force_v they_o to_o quit_v their_o country_n he_o be_v no_o less_o illustrious_a for_o his_o virtuous_a endowment_n than_o for_o his_o valour_n and_o extraction_n so_o that_o it_o be_v with_o good_a reason_n that_o the_o british_a bard_n and_o other_o write_v so_o honourable_o of_o he_o and_o so_o mighty_o deplore_v his_o death_n to_o this_o prince_n be_v bear_v many_o son_n and_o daughter_n whereof_o his_o elder_a son_n gruffydh_n succeed_v he_o the_o other_o be_v cadwalhon_n maelgon_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n of_o his_o daughter_n one_o call_v gwenthtan_n be_v marry_v to_o ednyfed_a fychaâ—_n ancestor_n to_o owen_n tudor_n that_o marry_v kitharine_n queen-dowager_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o and_o the_o rest_n be_v very_o well_o match_v with_o some_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o country_n prince_n gruffydh_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o government_n of_o his_o country_n do_v not_o long_o enjoy_v it_o peaceable_o for_o his_o troublesome_a brother_n maelgon_n think_v it_o now_o a_o fit_a time_n to_o endeavour_v the_o recovery_n of_o the_o inheritance_n his_o father_n have_v deprive_v he_o of_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o make_v a_o league_n with_o gwenwynwyn_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n lord_n of_o powy_n and_o by_o their_o joint_a interest_n get_v together_o a_o considerable_a body_n of_o man_n wherewith_o they_o surprise_a prince_n gruffydh_n at_o aberystwyth_n who_o after_o they_o have_v slay_v a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o man_n they_o take_v prisoner_n thus_o maelgon_n effectual_o accomplish_v his_o design_n in_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o cardigan_n his_o unfortunate_a brother_n he_o commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o his_o spiteful_a confederate_a gwenwynwyn_n who_o immediate_o out_o of_o malice_n deliver_v he_o up_o to_o the_o mercy_n of_o his_o inveterate_a enemy_n the_o english_a after_o this_o gwenwynâ—yn_n have_v get_v together_o a_o army_n enter_v arust_o and_o bring_v it_o to_o his_o subjection_n david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n who_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v forâ—ed_v to_o quit_v his_o usurpation_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n have_v hitherto_o live_v quiet_o and_o peaceable_o not_o so_o much_o out_o of_o kindness_n to_o his_o nephew_n as_o because_o he_o know_v not_o how_o to_o redress_v himself_o but_o now_o have_v get_v a_o great_a army_n of_o english_a and_o welsh_a he_o use_v his_o utmost_a effort_n to_o recover_v his_o principality_n whereupon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n who_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n and_o in_o possession_n of_o it_o come_v on_o bold_o to_o meet_v he_o and_o give_v he_o battle_n wherein_o he_o shameful_o rout_v his_o army_n and_o take_v his_o uncle_n david_n prisoner_n who_o he_o deliver_v into_o safe_a custody_n whereby_o he_o secure_v to_o himself_o and_o his_o country_n peace_n and_o quietness_n towards_o the_o close_a of_o this_o year_n owen_n cyfeilioc_n lord_n of_o the_o high_a powy_n depart_v this_o life_n and_o leave_v his_o estate_n to_o gwenwynwyn_n his_o son_n after_o who_o that_o part_n of_o powy_n be_v call_v powys-wenwynwyn_a to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o other_o call_v powy_n fadoc_n the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o bromfield_n much_o about_o this_o time_n trahaern_n fychan_n a_o man_n of_o great_a power_n and_o authority_n in_o the_o county_n of_o brecknock_n be_v sudden_o seize_v upon_o as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o llancor_n to_o confer_v about_o some_o business_n with_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n lord_n thereof_o and_o by_o a_o order_n of_o the_o lord_n tie_v to_o a_o horse_n tail_n and_o drag_v through_o the_o street_n of_o brecknock_n to_o the_o gallow_n where_o he_o be_v behead_v and_o his_o body_n hang_v up_o by_o the_o foot_n for_o three_o day_n which_o barbarity_n inflict_v upon_o he_o for_o no_o know_v just_a cause_n so_o frighten_v his_o brother_n wife_n and_o child_n that_o they_o flee_v their_o country_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o same_o usage_n the_o a.d._n 1198_o year_n
entertain_v with_o all_o the_o expression_n and_o token_n of_o joy_n king_n john_n perceive_v how_o powerful_a they_o be_v like_a to_o prove_v and_o how_o that_o the_o country_n do_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n favour_v their_o cause_n think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o nip_v they_o in_o the_o bud_n and_o to_o fall_v upon_o they_o before_o they_o grow_v too_o strong_a and_o therefore_o have_v levy_v his_o force_n he_o march_v together_o with_o william_n martial_a earl_n of_o pembroke_n towards_o the_o castle_n of_o rochester_n be_v arrive_v there_o he_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o the_o castle_n but_o the_o governor_n william_n de_fw-fr abbineto_n so_o brave_o defend_v it_o that_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v take_v after_o three_o month_n siege_n but_o at_o length_n the_o king_n man_n bear_v on_o so_o violent_o that_o they_o take_v it_o by_o a_o storm_n where_o beside_o william_n de_fw-fr abbineto_n the_o king_n take_v several_a of_o the_o baron_n prisoner_n this_o be_v a_o ill_a beginning_n to_o the_o design_n of_o the_o confederate_n and_o what_o do_v not_o add_v a_o little_a to_o their_o misfortune_n the_o pope_n present_o issue_v out_o his_o bull_n of_o excommunication_n against_o lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n and_o all_o the_o english_a baron_n as_o make_v war_n against_o king_n john_n who_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n but_o prince_n lhewelyn_n do_v not_o regard_v his_o threaten_a anathemas_n and_o therefore_o have_v raise_v a_o army_n he_o come_v to_o shrewsbury_n which_o be_v deliver_v up_o to_o he_o without_o any_o resistance_n and_o whilst_o lhewelyn_n remain_v there_o giles_n de_fw-fr bruce_n bishop_n of_o hereford_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o this_o conspiracy_n send_v his_o brother_n reynold_n to_o brecnock_v who_o all_o the_o people_n ready_o owâ—ed_v for_o their_o lord_n and_o so_o without_o the_o least_o grumble_a or_o opposition_n he_o receive_v the_o castle_n of_o abergefenny_n and_o pencelhy_a the_o castelh_n gwyn_n or_o the_o white_a castle_n together_o with_o grosmont_n castle_n and_o the_o island_n of_o cynuric_n but_o when_o the_o bishop_n come_v thither_o in_o person_n he_o have_v the_o castle_n of_o aberhondhy_a hay_o buelht_o and_o blaenlhyfny_n deliver_v up_o to_o he_o but_o think_v he_o have_v enough_o himself_o and_o be_v rather_o desirous_a to_o secure_v his_o interest_n and_o to_o strengthen_v his_o party_n in_o the_o country_n than_o to_o heap_v more_o upon_o his_o own_o shoulder_n than_o he_o be_v well_o able_a â—o_o support_v he_o bestow_v payn_n castle_n clune_n and_o all_o eluel_n upon_o walter_n fychan_n the_o son_n of_o eineon_n clyd_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n young_a rhys_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n â—p_n rhys_n and_o his_o uncle_n maelgon_n be_v reconcile_v and_o make_v friend_n and_o so_o come_v both_o to_o dyfe_v they_o destroy_v arberth_n and_o maenclochoc_n castle_n and_o recover_v all_o such_o land_n as_o former_o belong_v to_o they_o except_v cemais_n but_o rhy_n brother_n maelgon_n and_o owen_n go_v to_o north-wales_n and_o do_v homage_n and_o fealty_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n whilst_o their_o brother_n prince_n rhys_n march_v forward_o to_o cydwely_n and_o have_v raze_v the_o castle_n of_o carnwylheon_n and_o lhyâ—hwr_n bring_v all_o the_o country_n about_o under_o his_o subjection_n but_o this_o be_v â—ot_n enough_o to_o satisfy_v the_o ambitious_a humour_n of_o that_o young_a prince_n for_o have_v once_o taste_v the_o pleasure_n of_o victory_n and_o the_o take_n and_o demolish_n of_o town_n â—e_n be_v resolve_v to_o prosecute_v his_o conquest_n whilst_o fortune_n seem_v to_o favour_v his_o undertake_n and_o therefore_o he_o lead_v his_o army_n against_o talybont_n castle_n which_o belong_v to_o hugh_n de_fw-fr miles_n and_o force_v his_o entrance_n into_o the_o same_o he_o put_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n the_o next_o day_n he_o march_v to_o sengennyth_n castle_n but_o the_o garrison_n which_o keep_v it_o think_v it_o fruitless_a and_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o oppose_v he_o burn_v the_o place_n and_o depart_v to_o ystymlhwynarth_n but_o he_o follow_v they_o at_o the_o heel_n and_o the_o next_o day_n take_v it_o and_o raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o overran_a the_o country_n in_o such_o a_o violent_a manner_n that_o in_o three_o day_n time_n he_o become_v master_n of_o all_o the_o castle_n and_o fortress_n in_o all_o gowerland_n and_o morgannwe_n and_o so_o return_v home_o with_o great_a victory_n and_o triumph_n at_o the_o same_o time_n rhyt_n fychan_n otherwise_o rhys_n gryg_n young_a prince_n rhy_n uncle_n obtain_v his_o liberty_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n leave_v his_o son_n with_o two_o more_o for_o pledge_n for_o his_o modest_a and_o peaceable_a behaviour_n towards_o his_o subject_n who_o at_o other_o time_n he_o be_v wont_a to_o molest_v and_o oppress_v about_o this_o time_n the_o abbot_n of_o tal_n y_fw-fr llecheu_fw-la and_o tuy_n gwyn_n be_v consecrate_v bishop_n the_o former_a of_o st._n david_n and_o the_o other_o of_o bangor_n but_o the_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n who_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o most_o violent_o incline_v against_o king_n john_n and_o be_v otherwise_o unwilling_a to_o part_v with_o what_o he_o have_v get_v in_o wales_n can_v not_o for_o all_o that_o refuse_v the_o injunction_n of_o the_o pope_n by_o who_o express_a command_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o king_n which_o be_v conclude_v in_o his_o return_n homeward_o he_o die_v at_o gloucester_n leave_v his_o estate_n to_o his_o brother_n reginald_n who_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n but_o for_o all_o that_o giles_n de_fw-fr bruce_n bishop_n of_o hereford_n be_v fall_v off_o and_o reconcile_v to_o king_n john_n yet_o prince_n lhewelyn_n do_v not_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o follow_v his_o example_n and_o therefore_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n he_o march_v against_o carmardhyn_n and_o take_v the_o 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lhewelyn_n make_v a_o equal_a distribution_n of_o south-wales_n betwixt_o they_o allot_v to_o maelgâ—n_n three_o cantref_n in_o dyfed_a viz._n gwarthaf_n penlhwynoc_n cemaes_n and_o emlyn_n with_o cilgerran_n castle_n to_o young_a rhys_n two_o castle_n in_o ystratywy_a hiruryn_n and_o maelhaen_n maenor_n bydfey_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfry_n and_o two_o in_o cardigan_n gwyâ—tâ—yth_v and_o mabwyneon_n his_o brother_n owen_n have_v to_o his_o share_n the_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n and_o nant_n your_o arian_n with_o three_o cantress_n in_o cardigan_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n otherwise_o call_v rhys_n gryc_a have_v dynefawr_n castle_n the_o cantref_n mawr_z the_o cantref_n bychan_n except_v hiruryn_n and_o midhfey_n together_o with_o the_o comote_n of_o cydwely_n and_o carnwylhion_n this_o division_n be_v accomplish_v to_o every_o one_o satisfaction_n and_o all_o the_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n be_v amicable_o reconcile_v prince_n lhewelyn_n take_v his_o journey_n for_o north-wales_n but_o he_o have_v not_o advance_v very_o far_o when_o
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the_o welsh_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v use_v his_o garrison_n and_o pass_v forward_o into_o the_o prince_n country_n destroy_v all_o before_o he_o as_o he_o go_v along_o the_o prince_n understanding_n how_o violent_o he_o come_v forward_o send_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n with_o a_o considerable_a body_n of_o man_n to_o check_v his_o fury_n who_o come_v to_o cydwely_n and_o receive_v intelligence_n that_o the_o magistrate_n of_o that_o place_n have_v a_o private_a design_n to_o betray_v he_o to_o the_o enemy_n he_o put_v the_o whole_a town_n in_o flame_n and_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n without_o spare_v either_o church_n or_o other_o religious_a house_n the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n have_v pass_v the_o river_n tywy_a at_o caermardhyn_n where_o gruffydh_n meet_v he_o and_o give_v he_o battle_n but_o the_o victory_n prove_v so_o uncertain_a that_o the_o night_n be_v force_v to_o part_v they_o and_o
warden_n of_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n who_o think_v to_o get_v to_o himself_o a_o eternal_a name_n in_o conquer_a the_o welsh_a raise_v all_o the_o power_n he_o can_v and_o imagine_v that_o the_o welsh_a can_v not_o be_v privy_a to_o his_o purpose_n he_o apprehend_v he_o can_v fall_v upon_o the_o earl-marshal_n unexpected_a but_o in_o this_o he_o be_v to_o his_o sorrow_n most_o wide_o mistake_v for_o the_o earl_n have_v receive_v private_a intimation_n of_o his_o design_n hide_v himself_o â—n_o a_o certain_a wood_n by_o which_o the_o english_a be_v to_o march_v and_o when_o they_o be_v come_v so_o far_o the_o welsh_a of_o a_o sudden_a give_v a_o great_a shout_n and_o leap_v out_o of_o the_o place_n they_o have_v abscond_v themselves_o in_o they_o fall_v â—pon_o the_o english_a be_v unprovided_a and_o put_v their_o whole_a army_n to_o flight_n they_o slay_v a_o infinite_a number_n both_o of_o the_o english_a and_o their_o auxiliary_n john_n of_o monmouth_n himself_o make_v his_o 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transport_v his_o army_n into_o ireland_n think_v to_o obtain_v a_o conquest_n in_o that_o kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o first_o encounter_n with_o the_o irish_a he_o be_v unfortunate_o slay_v through_o the_o treachery_n of_o his_o own_o man_n and_o so_o his_o estate_n and_o title_n descend_v to_o his_o brother_n gilbert_n but_o king_n henry_n find_v it_o impracticable_a to_o force_v the_o welsh_a to_o a_o submission_n and_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n weary_a of_o continual_a war_n and_o incessant_a hostility_n think_v it_o his_o best_a prudence_n to_o make_v some_o honourable_a agreement_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o therefore_o he_o depute_v edmund_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n the_o bishop_n of_o rochester_n coventry_n and_o lichfield_n and_o chester_n to_o treat_v with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n about_o a_o peace_n when_o the_o king_n come_v to_o meet_v with_o they_o in_o their_o return_n from_o this_o negotiation_n be_v at_o woodstock_n he_o be_v certify_v of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n which_o he_o take_v so_o much_o to_o heart_n that_o he_o present_o melt_v into_o tear_n be_v afflict_v for_o the_o death_n of_o so_o great_a a_o person_n who_o he_o open_o declare_v have_v not_o leave_v his_o second_o in_o all_o his_o kingdom_n go_v from_o thence_o to_o gloucester_n he_o meet_v with_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n who_o deliver_v to_o he_o the_o appendix_n the_o see_v the_o appendix_n form_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n which_o he_o will_v not_o conclude_v unless_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o all_o the_o english_a nobility_n who_o be_v confederated_a with_o he_o and_o by_o evil_a counsel_n be_v exile_v shall_v be_v recall_v and_o restore_v to_o the_o king_n favour_n the_o archbishop_n further_o acquaint_v his_o majesty_n with_o what_o difficulty_n he_o have_v bring_v the_o matter_n to_o this_o conclusion_n be_v sometime_o force_v to_o add_v threaten_n on_o the_o king_n behalf_n with_o his_o clergy_n to_o which_o menace_n the_o prince_n be_v say_v to_o have_v answer_v that_o he_o bear_v more_o regard_n to_o the_o king_n charity_n and_o piety_n than_o he_o do_v fear_v his_o arm_n or_o dread_v his_o clergy_n but_o the_o king_n who_o be_v very_o desirous_a of_o a_o peace_n ready_o consent_v to_o what_o the_o prince_n require_v and_o therefore_o he_o issue_v out_o his_o letter_n recall_v all_o the_o noble_n who_o be_v outlaw_v or_o otherwise_o exile_v require_v they_o to_o appear_v at_o gloucester_n upon_o sunday_n next_o before_o ascension_n day_n where_o they_o shall_v receive_v their_o pardon_n and_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o estate_n which_o the_o king_n have_v take_v into_o his_o own_o hand_n the_o peace_n be_v thus_o conclude_v betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a prince_n lhewelyn_n set_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n at_o liberty_n who_o for_o his_o disobedient_a and_o restless_a humour_n he_o have_v detain_v in_o close_a prison_n for_o the_o space_n of_o six_o year_n about_o the_o same_o time_n cadwalhon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi maelgon_fw-mi of_o melienydh_n depart_v this_o life_n who_o be_v quick_o follow_v by_o owen_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhy_n son_n a_o person_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o exceed_o belove_v and_o a.d._n 1235_o be_v bury_v at_o ystratflur_n by_o his_o brother_n rhys_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v dye_v owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n of_o cydewen_n and_o not_o long_o after_o he_o madawc_n 1236._o a._n d._n 1236._o the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n mayelor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n chirk_n and_o yale_n who_o be_v bury_v at_o the_o abbey_n of_o lhan_n egwest_n or_o vale_fw-la crucis_fw-la which_o he_o have_v build_v leave_v issue_n behind_o he_o one_o son_n call_v gruffydh_n who_o succeed_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o all_o these_o lordship_n a_o little_a after_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n get_v by_o treachery_n marchen_a castle_n which_o belong_v to_o morgan_n ap_fw-mi howel_n and_o fortify_v the_o same_o very_o strong_o for_o fear_v of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n the_o next_o spring_n joan_n king_n john_n daughter_n and_o princess_n of_o wales_n depart_v this_o life_n and_o be_v a.d._n 1237_o bury_v according_a to_o her_o own_o desire_n upon_o the_o seashore_n at_o a_o place_n call_v lhanfaes_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n where_o the_o prince_n in_o memory_n of_o she_o afterward_o found_v a_o religious_a house_n for_o the_o order_n of_o mendicant-friar_n about_o the_o same_o time_n also_o die_v john_n scot_n earl_n of_o chester_n without_o any_o issue_n upon_o which_o account_n the_o king_n seize_v that_o earldom_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n hugh_n lupus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o enjoy_v this_o honour_n who_o come_v over_o to_o england_n with_o the_o conqueror_n be_v by_o he_o create_v earl_n of_o chester_n and_o sword-bearer_n of_o england_n habendum_fw-la &_o tenendum_fw-la dictum_fw-la comitatum_fw-la cestriae_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la suis_fw-la ita_fw-la liberè_fw-la ad_fw-la gladium_fw-la sicut_fw-la ipse_fw-la rex_fw-la totam_fw-la tenebat_fw-la angliam_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v the_o say_a county_n of_o chester_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n by_o right_a of_o the_o sword_n so_o free_o and_o secure_o as_o the_o king_n hold_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n in_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n after_o five_o descent_n randulph_n bohun_n come_v to_o be_v earl_n of_o chester_n who_o be_v uncle_n to_o this_o john_n the_o last_o earl_n this_o randulph_n have_v several_a encounter_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o be_v in_o continual_a agitation_n against_o he_o but_o once_o more_o particular_o meet_v with_o the_o prince_n and_o be_v sensible_a of_o his_o inability_n to_o withstand_v he_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o retire_v for_o refuge_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o ruthlan_n which_o the_o prince_n present_o besiege_v randulph_n perceive_v himself_o to_o be_v in_o danger_n send_v to_o roger_n lacie_n constable_n of_o chester_n request_v he_o to_o raise_v what_o strength_n he_o can_v possible_a and_o come_v to_o succour_v he_o in_o this_o extremity_n wherefore_o lacie_n have_v receive_v this_o express_a call_v to_o he_o present_o all_o his_o friend_n desire_v they_o to_o make_v all_o the_o endeavour_n imaginable_a to_o rescue_v the_o earl_n from_o that_o imminent_a danger_n which_o so_o severe_o threaten_v he_o at_o who_o request_n ralph_n dutton_n his_o son_n in_o law_n a_o valorous_a youth_n assemble_v together_o all_o the_o player_n and_o musician_n and_o such_o as_o then_o be_v fair-time_n have_v meet_v to_o make_v merry_a and_o present_v they_o to_o the_o constable_n he_o forthwith_o march_v to_o ruthlan_n raise_v the_o siege_n and_o deliver_v the_o earl_n from_o all_o his_o fear_n in_o recompense_n of_o this_o service_n the_o earl_n grant_v the_o constable_n several_a freedom_n and_o privilege_n and_o to_o dutton_n the_o roll_a and_o order_v all_o player_n and_o musician_n within_o the_o say_a country_n to_o be_v
the_o english_a and_o to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o they_o for_o their_o most_o cruel_a and_o almost_o inhuman_a practice_n towards_o the_o welsh_a have_v therefore_o draw_v all_o his_o power_n together_o be_v accompany_v by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n gryc_a in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o week_n he_o recover_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a all_o the_o inland_n country_n of_o north-wales_n and_o then_o all_o merionyth_n with_o such_o land_n as_o prince_n edward_n have_v usurp_v in_o cardigan_n which_o he_o bestow_v upon_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi have_v also_o force_v rhys_n fychan_n out_o of_o buelht_n he_o confer_v it_o upon_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n bestow_v all_o the_o land_n which_o he_o recover_v between_o his_o noble_n reserve_v nothing_o to_o his_o own_o use_n beside_o gwerthryneon_n the_o a.d._n 1257_o estate_n of_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n the_o next_o summer_n he_o enter_v into_o powy_n and_o make_v war_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n who_o always_o have_v take_v part_n with_o and_o own_a subjection_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o he_o total_o overcome_v except_v the_o castle_n of_o poole_n some_o small_a part_n of_o caerneon_n and_o the_o country_n lie_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o severn_n but_o rhys_n fychan_n be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o buelht_n and_o therefore_o be_v resolve_v to_o try_v ro_o recover_v it_o to_o which_o end_n he_o go_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n of_o who_o he_o obtain_v a_o very_a strong_a army_n command_v by_o one_o stephen_n bacon_n which_o be_v send_v by_o sea_n land_v at_o caermardhyn_n in_o the_o whitsun-week_n from_o thence_o the_o english_a march_v to_o dynefawr_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n which_o valiant_o hold_v out_o until_o lhewelyn_n army_n come_v to_o its_o relief_n upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o welsh_a the_o english_a decamp_v from_o before_o the_o castle_n and_o put_v themselves_o in_o posture_n of_o battle_n which_o the_o welsh_a perceive_v they_o make_v all_o haste_n to_o answer_v and_o oppose_v they_o whereupon_o there_o ensue_v a_o very_a terrible_a engagement_n which_o last_v a_o very_a long_a while_n this_o be_v for_o number_n of_o man_n the_o great_a battle_n that_o have_v be_v fight_v between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o welsh_a but_o the_o victory_n favour_v the_o welsh_a the_o englishman_n be_v at_o length_n force_v to_o fly_v have_v lose_v above_o two_o thousand_o man_n beside_o several_a baron_n and_o knight_n who_o be_v take_v prisoner_n after_o this_o the_o prince_n army_n pass_v to_o dyfed_a where_o have_v burn_v all_o the_o country_n and_o destroy_v the_o castle_n of_o abercorran_n lhanstephan_n maenclochoc_n and_o arberth_n with_o all_o the_o town_n thereunto_o belong_v return_v to_o north-wales_n with_o much_o spoil_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v arrive_v great_a complaint_n be_v exhibit_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n against_o jeffrey_n langley_n lieutenant_n to_o edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o equity_n and_o conscience_n most_o wrongful_o oppress_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o wales_n under_o his_o jurisdiction_n whereupon_o the_o prince_n to_o punish_v the_o master_n for_o the_o servant_n fault_n enter_v with_o some_o part_n of_o his_o army_n into_o the_o earl_n estate_n burn_v and_o destroy_v all_o his_o country_n on_o both_o side_n the_o river_n dee_fw-mi to_o the_o gate_n of_o chester_n edward_n have_v no_o power_n at_o present_a to_o oppose_v he_o but_o be_v resolve_v to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o the_o welsh_a with_o the_o first_o opportunity_n he_o desire_v aid_n of_o his_o uncle_n than_o choose_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o send_v he_o a_o strong_a detachment_n with_o which_o he_o purpose_v to_o give_v prince_n lhewelyn_n battle_n but_o find_v he_o too_o strong_a he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o desist_v from_o hostility_n the_o prince_n army_n consist_v of_o ten_o thousand_o experience_a man_n who_o be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n rather_o all_o to_o die_v in_o the_o field_n than_o suffer_v the_o english_a to_o gain_v any_o advantage_n over_o the_o welsh_a but_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi madoc_n maelor_n lord_n of_o dinas_n brân_n a_o person_n of_o notorious_a reputation_n for_o injustice_n and_o oppression_n base_o forsake_v the_o welch_a his_o countryman_n and_o with_o all_o his_o force_n go_v over_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n a.d._n 1258_o the_o next_o year_n prince_n lhewelyn_n pass_v to_o south-wales_n and_o seize_v into_o his_o hand_n the_o land_n of_o cemaes_n and_o have_v reconcile_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o rhys_n gryg_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n he_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o trefdraeth_n with_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o rhos_n except_v haverford_n thence_o he_o march_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n towards_o glamorgan_n and_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o castle_n of_o lhangymwch_n and_o then_o return_v to_o north-wales_n he_o meet_v by_o the_o way_n with_o edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o he_o force_v precipitous_o to_o return_v back_o but_o before_o he_o will_v put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o expedition_n he_o must_v needs_o be_v revenge_v upon_o that_o ungrateful_a fugitive_a gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n maelor_n and_o thereupon_o pass_v through_o bromfield_n he_o miserable_o lay_v waste_v the_o whole_a country_n upon_o this_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n send_v to_o lhewelyn_n require_v he_o to_o cease_v from_o hostility_n and_o after_o that_o unmerciful_a manner_n to_o devour_v and_o forcible_o to_o take_v away_o other_o man_n estate_n the_o prince_n be_v not_o over_o solicitous_a to_o hearken_v to_o their_o request_n but_o find_v the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n very_o seasonable_a for_o action_n against_o the_o english_a he_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o two_o battle_n each_o of_o these_o consist_v of_o 1500_o foot_n and_o 500_o horse_n with_o which_o he_o purpose_v to_o enlarge_v his_o conquest_n edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n to_o prevent_v the_o blow_n which_o so_o desperate_o hang_v over_o his_o head_n send_v over_o for_o succour_n from_o ireland_n of_o who_o come_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v certify_v man_v out_o a_o fleet_n to_o intercept_v they_o which_o meet_v with_o the_o irish_a at_o sea_n after_o a_o sharp_a dispute_n force_v they_o to_o return_v back_o with_o loss_n king_n henry_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o irish_a resolve_v to_o come_v in_o person_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o have_v draw_v together_o the_o whole_a strength_n of_o england_n even_o from_o st._n michael_n mount_n in_o cornwall_n to_o the_o river_n tweed_n march_v with_o his_o son_n edward_n in_o a_o great_a rage_n to_o north-wales_n and_o without_o any_o opposition_n advance_v as_o far_o as_o teganwy_n but_o the_o prince_n have_v stop_v his_o far_a progress_n and_o prevent_v any_o long_a stay_n he_o can_v make_v in_o wales_n have_v before_o hand_n cause_v all_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o forage_v to_o be_v carry_v over_o the_o river_n and_o then_o secure_v the_o strait_a and_o narrow_a passage_n whereby_o the_o english_a may_v get_v on_o far_a into_o the_o country_n the_o army_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n so_o mortal_o fatigue_v that_o the_o king_n for_o want_v of_o necessary_a subsistance_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v in_o haste_n to_o england_n with_o considerable_a loss_n the_o prince_n after_o that_o send_n for_o all_o the_o force_n in_o south-wales_n come_v to_o the_o march_n where_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n find_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o able_a to_o defend_v his_o estate_n yield_v himself_o up_o and_o then_o pass_v to_o powy_n he_o banish_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n and_o take_v all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o country_n into_o his_o hand_n proceed_v far_o he_o be_v encounter_v with_o by_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o with_o a_o choice_a party_n of_o english_a give_v he_o battle_n but_o lhewelyn_n army_n exceed_v both_o in_o number_n and_o courage_n easy_o vanquish_v and_o overcome_v the_o english_a and_o so_o the_o victory_n be_v quick_o obtain_v the_o prince_n present_o reduce_v to_o his_o power_n all_o the_o castle_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n king_n henry_n hear_v of_o the_o earl_n overthrow_n be_v much_o concern_v at_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o many_o brave_a soldier_n in_o who_o valour_n and_o experience_n he_o always_o put_v a_o very_a great_a confidence_n and_o therefore_o to_o revenge_v their_o death_n he_o be_v again_o resolve_v to_o march_v against_o the_o welsh_a have_v call_v his_o force_n together_o and_o receive_v supply_v from_o gascoign_n and_o ireland_n he_o come_v to_o wales_n but_o not_o dare_v to_o venture_v far_o into_o the_o country_n for_o fear_v of_o be_v force_v to_o make_v another_o shameful_a retreat_n he_o only_o destroy_v the_o corn_n near_o the_o border_n it_o be_v harvest_n
both_o of_o england_n and_o wales_n upon_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n and_o that_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o inform_v the_o king_n of_o the_o sad_a consequence_n of_o another_o war_n which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v prevent_v but_o by_o use_v we_o according_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o former_a peace_n which_o for_o our_o part_n we_o will_v in_o no_o measure_n transgress_v but_o if_o the_o king_n will_v not_o hearken_v to_o your_o counsel_n we_o hope_v that_o you_o will_v hâ—ld_v we_o excuse_v if_o the_o nation_n be_v disquiet_v and_o trouble_v thereupon_o which_o as_o much_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v we_o endeavour_v to_o prevent_v king_n edward_n will_v admit_v of_o no_o excuse_n noâ—_n harken_v to_o any_o manner_n of_o reason_n in_o the_o case_n but_o be_v unmerciful_o enrage_v and_o conceive_v a_o unpardonable_a displeasure_n against_o prince_n lhewelyn_n which_o yet_o he_o think_v convenient_a to_o conceal_v and_o dissemble_v for_o a_o time_n indeed_o he_o can_v never_o abide_v lhewelyn_n â—â—nce_v the_o time_n that_o he_o be_v vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o â—ight_n by_o he_o at_o the_o march_n so_o that_o the_o chief_a cause_n â—f_a king_n edward_n anger_n original_o proceed_v from_o 〈◊〉_d point_n of_o honour_n which_o this_o refusal_n of_o homage_n â—â—rved_v sufficient_o to_o increase_v but_o to_o prosecute_v his_o revenge_n which_o upon_o this_o score_n be_v in_o prince_n very_o â—erce_a and_o unforgetful_a in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o come_v to_o â—hester_n mean_v to_o recover_v by_o force_n what_o he_o can_v â—ot_n obtain_v by_o fair_a mean_n from_o hence_o he_o send_v to_o â—â—e_z prince_n of_o wales_n require_v he_o to_o come_v over_o and_o 〈◊〉_d he_o homage_n which_o lhewelyn_n either_o absolute_o reâ—â—sing_v or_o willing_o detract_n to_o do_v king_n edwardâ—ade_v â—ade_z ready_a his_o army_n to_o force_v he_o to_o it_o but_o there_o a.d._n 1277_o â—â—ppened_v a_o accident_n which_o take_v off_o a_o great_a part_n of_o â—rince_n lhewelyn_n stubborness_n for_o at_o this_o time_n the_o countess_n of_o leicester_n the_o widow_n of_o simon_n montfortâ—ho_n â—ho_z live_v at_o montargis_n a_o nunnery_n in_o france_n send_v over_o 〈◊〉_d wales_n her_o daughter_n the_o lady_n eleanor_n who_o â—hewelyn_n extreme_o love_v with_o her_o brother_n aemeâ—ke_v to_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o prince_n according_a to_o the_o agreement_n make_v in_o her_o father_n earl_n montfort_n time_n â—ut_fw-la aemerike_n fear_v to_o touch_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o â—ngland_n steer_v his_o course_n towards_o the_o island_n of_o scilly_a where_o by_o the_o way_n they_o be_v all_o take_v by_o four_o bristol_n ship_n and_o bring_v to_o king_n edward_n who_o receive_v the_o lady_n very_o honourable_o but_o commit_v her_o â—â—other_n prisoner_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o coff_n whence_o he_o be_v afterwards_o remove_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o shirburne_n the_o â—ing_n have_v obtain_v this_o unexpected_a advantage_n over_o â—hewelyn_n begin_v bold_o to_o fall_v upon_o he_o and_o so_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o two_o battalion_n lead_v one_o himself_o â—â—to_o north-wales_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o ruthlan_n where_o he_o strong_o fortify_v the_o castle_n the_o other_o he_o ommit_v to_o paganus_fw-la de_fw-la camurtiis_fw-la a_o great_a soldier_n â—ho_n enter_v into_o west-wales_n burn_v and_o destroy_v 〈◊〉_d great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n but_o the_o people_n of_o south-wales_n fear_v that_o his_o next_o expedition_n be_v level_v â—gainst_a they_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o â—ing_n and_o do_v he_o homage_n and_o then_o deliver_v â—_z castle_n of_o ystratywy_a to_o paganus_fw-la prince_n lhewelyn_n hear_v of_o this_o and_o find_v his_o own_o subject_n to_o forsake_v he_o but_o more_o especial_o be_v desirous_a to_o recover_v his_o espouse_v the_o lady_n eleanor_n think_v it_o likewise_o advisable_v to_o submit_v and_o therefore_o sue_v to_o king_n edward_n for_o a_o peace_n who_o grant_v it_o but_o upon_o very_o severe_a condition_n upon_o lhewelyns_n side_n the_o agreement_n consist_v of_o ten_o article_n which_o be_v 1._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v set_v at_o liberty_n all_o manner_n of_o prisoner_n that_o upon_o the_o king_n account_n be_v detain_v in_o custody_n 2._o that_o for_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o good_a will_n he_o shall_v pay_v 50000_o mark_n to_o be_v receive_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n 3._o that_o these_o four_o cantred_n or_o hundred_o viz._n cantref_n ros_n where_o the_o king_n castle_n of_o teganwy_n stand_v ryfonioc_n where_o denbigh_n tegengl_n where_o ruthlan_n dyffryn_n clwyd_n where_o rhuthyn_n stand_v shall_v remain_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n 4._o that_o the_o lord_n marcher_n shall_v quiet_o enjoy_v all_o the_o land_n they_o have_v conquer_v within_o wales_n except_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o be_v whole_o grant_v to_o the_o prince_n 5._o that_o in_o consideration_n of_o this_o island_n the_o prince_n shall_v pay_v 5000_o mark_n in_o hand_n with_o the_o reserve_n of_o a_o 1000_o mark_n yearly_a to_o begin_v at_o michaelmas_n and_o in_o case_n the_o prince_n die_v without_o issue_n the_o whole_a island_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o king_n 6._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v come_v every_o year_n to_o england_n to_o pay_v his_o homage_n to_o the_o king_n for_o all_o his_o land_n 7._o that_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o wales_n except_v five_o in_o snowden_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o king_n and_o no_o other_o 8._o that_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n shall_v remain_v only_o for_o his_o life_n and_o not_o descend_v to_o his_o successor_n and_o after_o his_o death_n the_o five_o lord_n of_o snowden_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n only_o from_o the_o king_n 9_o that_o for_o the_o performance_n of_o these_o article_n the_o prince_n shall_v deliver_v up_o for_o hostage_n ten_o person_n of_o the_o best_a quality_n in_o the_o country_n without_o imprison_v disinherit_n and_o any_o time_n of_o redemption_n determine_v and_o far_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v choose_v twenty_o person_n within_o north-wales_n who_o beside_o the_o prince_n shall_v take_v their_o oath_n for_o the_o due_a performance_n of_o these_o article_n and_o in_o case_n the_o prince_n shall_v swerve_v and_o recede_v from_o they_o and_o upon_o admonition_n â—hereof_o not_o repent_v they_o shall_v forsake_v he_o and_o become_v his_o enemy_n 10._o the_o prince_n be_v oblige_v to_o â—uffer_v his_o brethren_n quiet_o to_o enjoy_v their_o land_n in_o wales_n whereof_o david_n for_o his_o service_n be_v dub_v knight_n by_o the_o king_n and_o have_v the_o earl_n of_o derby_n widow_n give_v he_o in_o matrimony_n and_o with_o she_o as_o 〈◊〉_d portion_n the_o castle_n of_o denbigh_n in_o north-wales_n beâ—ides_v a_o 1000_o pound_n in_o land_n his_o other_o brother_n roderic_n be_v late_o escape_v out_o of_o prison_n into_o england_n â—nd_v the_o young_a call_v owen_n be_v upon_o his_o composition_n deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n king_n edward_n have_v impose_v these_o severe_a and_o unmerciful_a condition_n upon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o for_o a_o better_a security_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o build_v a_o castle_n at_o aberystwyth_n return_v very_o honourable_o into_o england_n upon_o who_o arrival_n the_o people_n willing_o grant_v he_o a_o subsidy_n of_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n towards_o his_o charge_n in_o this_o war._n but_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n submit_v to_o these_o intolerable_a condition_n more_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o amour_n and_o to_o regain_v the_o lady_n eleanora_n out_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n hand_n than_o that_o he_o be_v apprehensive_a of_o any_o considerable_a danger_n he_o may_v receive_v by_o the_o english_a troop_n for_o it_o be_v hardly_o conceivable_a that_o a_o prince_n of_o such_o notorious_a conduct_n and_o valour_n will_v so_o easy_o accept_v of_o such_o hard_a term_n and_o in_o a_o measure_n deliver_v up_o his_o principality_n when_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n so_o to_o do_v without_o resist_v a_o enemy_n who_o he_o have_v frequent_o overcome_v and_o force_v to_o retire_v back_o with_o great_a inequality_n than_o the_o english_a have_v at_o present_a over_o he_o but_o the_o force_n of_o â—ove_n work_v wonder_n and_o in_o this_o case_n prove_v moâ—t_n irresistible_a which_o to_o obtain_v lhewelyn_n do_v not_o think_v hard_a to_o forfeit_v his_o proper_a right_n to_o his_o inveterate_a enemy_n and_o for_o ever_o to_o exclude_v his_o posterity_n from_o succeed_v in_o their_o lawful_a inheritance_n the_o next_o year_n a.d._n 1273_o therefore_o he_o have_v his_o wish_n accomplish_v and_o be_v marry_v to_o eleanora_n at_o worcester_n the_o king_n and_o queen_n with_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o england_n honour_v the_o wedding_n with_o their_o presence_n but_o this_o specious_a amity_n and_o the_o peace_n laâ—â—_n conclude_v betwixt_o they_o
and_o ejection_n out_o of_o our_o estate_n the_o sense_n of_o oppression_n and_o tyrannical_a government_n have_v compel_v we_o to_o take_v up_o arm_n for_o the_o security_n of_o our_o life_n and_o fortune_n therefore_o as_o the_o english_a be_v not_o disposess_v of_o their_o estate_n for_o their_o offence_n against_o the_o king_n so_o we_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v punish_v or_o make_v other_o satisfaction_n for_o our_o crime_n without_o be_v disinherit_v and_o as_o to_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n it_o be_v notorious_a that_o they_o be_v the_o author_n who_o never_o regard_v either_o promise_n or_o covenant_n never_o make_v amends_o for_o trespass_n nor_o remedy_n for_o our_o complaint_n when_o the_o archbishop_n see_v there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n of_o a_o mediation_n and_o that_o a_o peace_n be_v impossible_a to_o be_v conclude_v as_o long_o as_o the_o welsh_a stick_v upon_o condition_n he_o present_o relinquish_v his_o pretend_a affection_n towards_o they_o and_o denounce_v a_o sentence_n of_o excommunication_n against_o the_o prince_n and_o all_o his_o adherent_n it_o be_v a_o subject_n of_o no_o little_a wonder_n that_o a_o person_n of_o so_o repute_v a_o sanctity_n who_o esteem_v the_o several_a grievance_n do_v to_o the_o welsh_a to_o be_v intolerable_a shall_v now_o condemn_v they_o for_o refusal_n of_o unlimited_a submission_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n whereas_o he_o have_v already_o own_v it_o to_o be_v unreasonable_a but_o this_o ecclesiastical_a censure_n be_v only_o a_o prologue_n to_o a_o more_o melancholy_a scene_n king_n edward_z immediate_o upon_o it_o send_v a_o army_n by_o sea_n to_o anglesey_n without_o any_o great_a opposition_n conquer_v the_o island_n and_o without_o any_o mercy_n put_v all_o that_o withstand_v he_o to_o the_o sword_n from_o thence_o design_v to_o pass_v over_o to_o the_o continent_n he_o cause_v a_o bridge_n of_o boat_n cover_v with_o plank_n to_o be_v build_v over_o the_o menay_n be_v a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o part_v the_o isle_n from_o the_o main_a land_n at_o a_o place_n call_v moel_n y_o don_n not_o far_o from_o bangor_n where_o the_o water_n be_v narrow_a the_o bridge_n be_v finish_v which_o be_v so_o broad_a as_o that_o threescore_o man_n may_v pass_v in_o a_o breast_n william_n latimer_n with_o a_o strong_a party_n of_o the_o best_a experience_a soldier_n and_o sir_n lucas_n thany_n commander_n of_o the_o gascoign_n and_o spaniard_n whereof_o a_o great_a number_n serve_v the_o king_n pass_v over_o but_o can_v discover_v no_o sign_n or_o any_o the_o least_o intimation_n of_o a_o enemy_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o tide_n begin_v to_o appear_v and_o the_o sea_n have_v overflow_v beside_o the_o bridge_n down_o come_v the_o welsh_a fierce_o out_o of_o the_o mountain_n and_o set_v upon_o the_o dishearten_v english_a kill_v or_o drown_v their_o whole_a number_n except_v latimer_n who_o by_o the_o swim_n of_o his_o horse_n get_v safe_a to_o the_o bridge_n in_o this_o action_n several_a worthy_a soldier_n of_o the_o english_a side_n be_v lose_v among_o who_o be_v sir_n lucas_n thany_n robert_n clifford_n sir_n walter_z lyndsey_n two_o brother_n of_o robert_n burnel_n bishop_n of_o bath_n with_o many_o other_o in_o all_o to_o the_o number_n of_o thirteen_o knight_n seventeen_o young_a gentleman_n and_o two_o hundred_o common_a soldier_n a_o little_a after_o or_o as_o some_o say_v afore_o another_o engagement_n pass_v between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o welsh_a wherein_o the_o former_a lose_v fourteen_o colour_n the_o lord_n audley_n and_o clifford_n the_o young_a be_v slay_v and_o the_o king_n himself_o force_v to_o retreat_n for_o safety_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o hope_n and_o while_o these_o thing_n pass_v in_o north-wales_n the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o sir_n edmund_n mortimer_n act_v vigorous_o with_o their_o force_n in_o south-wales_n and_o fight_v the_o welsh_a at_o lhandeilo_n fawr_n overthrow_v they_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o no_o considerable_a person_n save_v william_n de_fw-fr valence_n the_o king_n be_v cousin-german_a and_o four_o knight_n beside_o prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v all_o this_o while_n in_o cardigan_n a_o waste_a and_o destroy_v all_o the_o country_n and_o principal_o the_o land_n of_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n who_o very_o unnatural_o hold_v with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o all_o these_o war_n but_o be_v at_o length_n tire_v with_o action_n with_o a_o few_o man_n private_o separate_v himself_o from_o his_o army_n and_o come_v to_o buelht_n think_v to_o ease_v and_o respite_n himself_o there_o undiscovered_a but_o come_v to_o the_o river_n wye_n he_o meet_v with_o edmund_n mortimer_n and_o john_n gifford_n with_o a_o considerable_a party_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n which_o mortimer_n be_v lord_n of_o but_o neither_o party_n venture_v to_o assail_v the_o other_o prince_n lhewelyn_n with_o one_o only_a servant_n retire_v to_o a_o private_a grove_n in_o a_o neighbour_a valley_n there_o to_o consult_v with_o certain_a lord_n of_o the_o country_n who_o have_v appoint_v to_o meet_v he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n mortimer_n descend_v from_o the_o hill_n with_o intention_n to_o fall_v upon_o lhewelyn_n man_n which_o they_o perceive_v betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o bridge_n call_v pont_n orewyn_n and_o manful_o defend_v the_o passage_n he_o be_v to_o cross_v mortimer_n can_v effect_v nothing_o against_o they_o till_o he_o have_v gain_v the_o bridge_n the_o river_n be_v unpassable_a and_o to_o force_v they_o to_o quit_v it_o seem_v altogether_o impracticable_a but_o at_o last_o the_o river_n be_v discover_v to_o be_v fordable_a a_o little_a below_o and_o so_o helias_n walwyn_n be_v detach_v with_o a_o party_n through_o the_o river_n who_o unexpected_o fall_v upon_o the_o back_n of_o the_o defendant_n easy_o force_v they_o to_o leave_v the_o bridge_n and_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n prince_n lhewelyn_n all_o this_o while_n in_o vain_a expect_v the_o lord_n of_o buelht_n and_o in_o fine_a continue_a to_o wait_v so_o long_o till_o mortimer_n have_v pass_v over_o the_o bridge_n surround_v the_o wood_n he_o be_v in_o with_o arm_a men._n the_o prince_n perceive_v himself_o to_o be_v betray_v think_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n to_o his_o man_n but_o the_o english_a so_o close_o pursue_v he_o that_o before_o he_o can_v come_v in_o one_o adam_n francton_n not_o know_v who_o he_o be_v run_v he_o through_o with_o his_o sword_n be_v unarm_v the_o welsh_a still_o expect_v the_o arrival_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o though_o but_o a_o few_o in_o number_n so_o gallant_o maintain_v their_o ground_n that_o in_o spite_n of_o the_o far_o great_a number_n of_o the_o english_a they_o be_v at_o length_n with_o much_o ado_n put_v to_o flight_n the_o battle_n be_v over_o francton_n return_v to_o plunder_v his_o dead_a but_o perceive_v he_o to_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n he_o think_v himself_o to_o have_v obtain_v a_o sufficient_a prize_n and_o thereupon_o present_o chop_v off_o his_o head_n and_o send_v it_o to_o king_n edward_n at_o conwey_n who_o very_o joyful_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o high_a pinnacle_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o thus_o fall_v this_o worthy_a prince_n the_o great_a though_o the_o last_o of_o the_o british_a blood_n betray_v most_o base_o by_o the_o lord_n of_o buelht_n and_o be_v dead_a most_o unworthy_o deal_v with_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o contrary_a to_o all_o precedent_n treat_v a_o lawful_a prince_n like_o a_o traitor_n and_o expose_v his_o crown_a head_n to_o the_o derision_n of_o the_o multitude_n not_o long_o after_o david_n the_o prince_n brother_n be_v deliver_v up_o by_o the_o welch_n themselves_o and_o in_o a_o parliament_n for_o that_o purpose_n assemble_v at_o shrewsbury_n be_v condemn_v to_o die_v his_o head_n to_o be_v send_v to_o accompany_v his_o brother_n upon_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o his_o four_o quarter_n to_o the_o four_o city_n of_o bristol_n northhampton_n york_n and_z winchester_z then_o the_o king_n for_o the_o easy_a keep_v the_o welsh_a in_o due_a subjection_n build_v two_o strong_a castle_n in_o north_n wales_n the_o one_o at_o conwey_n and_o the_o other_o at_o caernarvon_n there_o be_v none_o that_o now_o stand_v out_o beside_o rhys_n fychan_n of_o ystratywy_a and_o he_o find_v david_n be_v go_v and_o himself_o like_a to_o do_v nothing_o to_o purpose_n fair_o yield_v himself_o up_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o hereford_n who_o by_o the_o king_n order_n commit_v he_o prisoner_n to_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o so_o all_o the_o country_n of_o wales_n become_v ever_o since_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n of_o english-blood_n prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o his_o brother_n david_n be_v so_o base_o take_v off_o and_o leave_v no_o body_n to_o lay_v any_o specious_a claim_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o
leave_v his_o estate_n to_o gwenwynwyn_n his_o son_n 217._o owen_n glendwr_n his_o family_n education_n and_o employment_n 315._o oppose_v by_o the_o lord_n ruthyn_n without_o redress_n take_v up_o arm_n and_o make_v he_o prisoner_n 316._o prevail_v take_v the_o earl_n of_o march_n prisoner_n 317._o retake_v aberystwyth_n castle_n 319._o summon_v a_o parliament_n at_o machynlleth_n 320._o secure_v david_n gam_n upon_o a_o suspicion_n of_o a_o design_n he_o have_v to_o murder_v he_o 321._o burn_v his_o house_n and_o his_o verse_n upon_o it_o ibid._n p._n patent_n of_o land_n grant_v in_o wales_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o portland_n 302._o commons_o address_v upon_o it_o 303._o king_n answer_v 304._o peckham_n john_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n endeavour_v a_o reconciliation_n of_o prince_n llewelyn_n and_o his_o brother_n with_o the_o king_n 286._o his_o remonstrance_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n 287_o 288_o 289_o 290._o solicit_v the_o king_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o welsh_a 291._o send_v article_n to_o the_o welsh_a 292._o excommunicate_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o his_o adherent_n 297._o peace_n in_o general_n between_o england_n and_o wales_n except_o with_o prince_n rhys_n who_o be_v force_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n 176._o unjust_o deal_v with_o 177._o powis_n prince_n of_o removes_z his_o seat_n from_o pengwern_n to_o mathraval_n 20._o a_o account_n of_o it_o while_o a_o principality_n and_o a_o lordship_n with_o the_o several_a division_n and_o possessor_n thereof_o whether_o of_o british_a or_o english_a blood_n 175_o to_o 185._o r._n rebellion_n in_o the_o north_n cause_v by_o earl_n tosty_n insolence_n 97._o appease_v 98._o rhydderch_n seize_v upon_o south-wales_n 82._o rhydderch_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o rhydderch_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n to_o south-wales_n 88_o rhys_n brother_n to_o prince_n gruffydh_n take_v by_o the_o english_a and_o put_v to_o death_n at_o bulendun_v 91._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n and_o rhydderch_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n joint_o govern_v south-wales_n 105._o the_o latter_a die_v 106._o a_o rebellion_n against_o the_o other_o ibid._n invade_v also_o from_o north-wales_n fly_n pursued_z and_o slay_v 187._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n allow_v prince_n of_o south-wales_n as_o lawful_a heir_n 107._o a_o rebellion_n form_v against_o he_o fly_v into_o ireland_n return_n and_o defeat_v his_o enemy_n 110._o suppress_v another_o rebellion_n 111._o slay_a near_o brecknock_n in_o a_o fight_n against_o the_o invade_a norman_n and_o his_o own_o rebellious_a subject_n 112._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi prince_n of_o south-wales_n take_v llanymddyfri_n castle_n 177._o subdue_v cardigan_n 178._o give_v henry_n ii_o hostage_n to_o observe_v the_o peace_n make_v between_o they_o ib._n besieges_n carmarthen_n then_o force_v to_o quit_v it_o 179._o possess_v himself_o of_o divers_a land_n belong_v to_o foreigner_n in_o wales_n as_o do_v other_o according_o to_o his_o example_n 189._o take_v aberteifi_n castle_n and_o raze_v it_o 191._o subdue_v owen_n cyfeilioc_n 197._o bring_v the_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n at_o enmity_n with_o k._n henry_n to_o do_v he_o homage_n 203._o make_v a_o great_a feast_n at_o christmas_n at_o aberteifi_n where_o the_o bard_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n strive_v for_o the_o mastery_n 205_o 206._o take_v advantage_n upon_o king_n henry_n death_n to_o enlarge_v his_o country_n 209._o his_o family_n diminish_v 210._o make_a prisoner_n by_o his_o own_o son_n 211._o escape_n 212._o take_v two_o of_o his_o son_n prisoner_n 214._o enlarges_n his_o conquest_n and_o defeat_v the_o english_a and_o norman_n 214_o 215._o dies_z his_o character_n and_o issue_n 216._o rhys_n fychan_n take_v lhanymdhysri_n castle_n 227._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prevail_v in_o south-wales_n 239._o do_v homage_n to_o henry_n iii_o 145._o dies_fw-la 147._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n unfaithful_a to_o his_o country_n 304._o knight_v by_o king_n edward_n revolt_v â—05_n defeat_v take_v prisoner_n and_o execute_v 306._o rhythmarch_n archbishop_n of_o s._n david_n die_v 122._o richard_n king_n of_o england_n feast_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n 210._o take_a prisoner_n in_o austria_n ibid._n died_n of_o his_o wound_n receive_v at_o chalons_n in_o france_n 219._o richard_z of_o bourdeaux_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 315._o robert_n cyrthois_n rebel_v against_o his_o father_n in_o normandy_n 110._o robert_n earl_n of_o salop_n rebel_n against_o henry_n i._n 122._o engage_v the_o welsh_a in_o the_o quarrel_n 123._o seek_v aid_n of_o magnus_n harold_n son_n and_o fail_v banish_v with_o his_o brother_n arnulph_n into_o normandy_n 124._o robert_n de_fw-fr belissimo_fw-la a_o great_a disturber_n of_o the_o welsh_a commit_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n by_o king_n henry_n 139._o roderic_n molwynoc_n succeed_v ifor_n anno_fw-la 720.15_o drive_a by_o the_o saxon_n out_o of_o the_o western_a country_n to_o his_o inheritance_n in_o north-wales_n 17._o dye_v soon_o after_o 18._o roderic_n the_o great_a prince_n of_o wales_n 27._o beat_v the_o dane_n out_o of_o his_o country_n â—3_n fight_v the_o english_a anâ—_n with_o his_o brother_n gwyriad_n it_o slain_n 34._o his_o pedigree_n and_o division_n of_o wales_n between_o iâ—â—â—_n three_o son_n ibid._n his_o imprudence_n herein_o 36._o s._n saxons_n their_o answer_n to_o the_o british_a message_n 5._o they_o first_o repel_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n 6._o enter_v into_o league_n with_o the_o scot_n ib._n they_o encroach_v upon_o the_o britain_n 19â—_n scot_n and_o pict_n invade_v britain_n 1_o sâ—ward_o earl_n his_o say_v upon_o his_o son_n be_v slay_v in_o battle_n 19_o his_o soldierly_a temper_n at_o his_o â—earâ—_n 92._o south_n wales_n invade_v twice_o in_o one_o year_n by_o jeâ—af_n and_o 〈◊〉_d prince_n of_o north-wales_n â—5_n they_o quarre_n and_o 〈◊〉_d consequence_n of_o it_o 57_o embroiled_a 〈◊〉_d between_o rhyâ—_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n and_o the_o former_a support_v by_o the_o english_a 235_o 236._o stephen_n king_n of_o england_n agree_v with_o the_o king_n of_o scotâ—_n 157._o ravages_n scotland_n 160._o suppress_v injury_n â—â—ons_n at_o home_o and_o â—ouâ—s_v the_o scot_n by_o his_o lieutenant_n 161._o besieges_n arundel_n castle_n in_o vain_a 162._o take_v lincoln_n be_v defeat_v and_o take_v prisoner_n ibid._n exchange_v for_o earl_n robert_n and_o overthrow_v a_o second_o time_n at_o wilton_n 163._o win_v the_o battle_n of_o farendon_n agree_v with_o henry_n the_o empress_n son_n and_o die_v 172._o steward_n the_o family_n and_o their_o original_a 91_o 92._o sulien_n archb_n shop_n of_o s._n david_n die_v 111._o sulien_n a_o learned_a man_n of_o llanbadarn_n die_v 165._o swain_n the_o dane_n waste_v the_o isle_n of_o man._n land_n in_o north-wales_n 68_o kill_v edwal_n prince_n of_o the_o country_n ib._n his_o success_n in_o england_n and_o esteem_v king_n hereof_o 74_o 75._o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n invade_v england_n and_o take_v york_n 102._o force_v to_o fly_v ibid._n t._n trahern_n fychan_n strange_o hang_v 217._o trahern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n make_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 105._o his_o country_n invade_v from_o ireland_n by_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n the_o right_a heir_n ibid._n they_o fight_v and_o trahern_n with_o his_o cousin_n worsted_n and_o all_o slay_v 108._o tribute_n pay_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 48._o tudor_n vaughan_n ap_fw-mi grono_n his_o family_n will_v be_v sâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d knight_n and_o his_o reason_n for_o it_o to_o king_n edward_n iii_o who_o confirm_v the_o honour_n of_o it_o 314._o v._o vortigern_n invite_v the_o saxon_n into_o britain_n 5._o vortimer_n repel_v the_o saxon_n 7._o w._n wales_n waste_v by_o the_o merciâ—â—s_v 24._o by_o king_n egbert_n ibid._n divide_v into_o three_o province_n 27._o invade_v by_o the_o english_a 52._o forcible_o manage_v by_o jevaf_n and_o jago_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n only_o 56._o afflict_a by_o the_o dane_n and_o a_o murrain_n 65._o give_v hostage_n to_o pay_v the_o ancient_a tribute_n 95._o seldom_o govern_v by_o the_o right_a heir_n 109._o waste_v by_o the_o english_a as_o far_o as_o anglesey_n 121._o embroil_a with_o civil_a division_n 151._o item_n 153_o 154._o in_o great_a scarcity_n 276._o annnext_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n 300._o walwey_n king_n arthur_n nephew_n his_o tomb_n find_v who_o body_n be_v of_o a_o prodigious_a length_n 110._o welsh_a quarrel_n among_o themselves_o 22._o ibid._n 23._o they_o defeat_v the_o mercian_n at_o conwey_n and_o call_v it_o dial_n rhodri_n 38._o disable_v the_o dane_n and_o english_a that_o invade_v they_o then_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o 61._o too_o late_o see_v the_o folly_n of_o foreign_a aid_n 114._o miserable_o slaughter_v 130_o 131._o be_v at_o peace_n from_o abroad_o they_o fall_v to_o their_o wont_a method_n of_o destroy_v one_o another_o 208._o complain_v to_o their_o prince_n of_o their_o oppression_n from_o the_o english_a 272._o beat_v by_o the_o english_a 279._o worst_a the_o english_a 297_o 298._o beat_v in_o buelht_n ibid._n revolt_v because_o of_o a_o heavy_a tax_n from_o edward_n i._n every_o where_o 306._o beat_v the_o english_a 307._o take_v the_o king_n carriage_n ibid._n rout_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n 308._o beat_v the_o marcher_n but_o be_v at_o last_o overcome_v and_o their_o leader_n madoc_n make_v prisoner_n 309._o welsh_a minstrel_n reform_v whereof_o be_v three_o sort_n 159._o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n claim_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n 98._o land_n at_o hastings_n and_o defeat_v the_o english_a 100_o william_n i._o go_v with_o a_o army_n on_o pilgrimage_n to_o s._n david_n 100_o william_n rufus_n invade_v the_o welsh_a without_o success_n 118._o item_n 120._o kill_v 122._o finis_fw-la book_n print_v for_o and_o sell_v by_o robert_n clauâ—â—â—_n the_o plausible_a argument_n of_o a_o roman_n catholic_n answer_v by_o a_o english_a protestant_n in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n price_n 4_o d._n the_o church-history_n clear_v from_o the_o roman_a forgery_n and_o corruption_n find_v in_o the_o council_n and_o baronius_n in_o four_o part_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o christianity_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o five_o general_n council_n by_o thomas_n comber_n d._n d._n dean_n of_o durham_n 40._o a_o historical_a vindication_n of_o the_o diviâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d of_o tithe_n from_o scripture_n reasoâ—_n 〈◊〉_d opinion_n and_o practice_n of_o jew_n goâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d christian_n in_o all_o age_n to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o discourse_n concern_v excommunication_n by_o tho._n comber_n d._n d._n dean_n of_o durham_n 40._o
cantref_o selef_n which_o have_v these_o comot_n selef_n and_o â—rahayern_n cantref_o canol_n these_o talgarth_n ystradyw_n and_o brwynâ—ys_n or_o eglwys_n yail_v cantref_o mawr_z these_o tir_fw-fr raulff_n lhywel_n and_o cerrigâ—owel_n in_o this_o part_n be_v the_o town_n of_o brecknock_n upon_o â—â—e_z meeting_n of_o vsk_n and_o honddi_n and_o be_v call_v aberâ—onddi_n and_o hay_n call_v y_o gelhy_a with_o talgarth_n buelht_n â—hangors_n it_o have_v west_n caermardhyn-shire_n with_o the_o river_n tywy_n upon_o the_o north_n radnor-shire_n with_o why_o â—pon_o the_o east_n herefordshire_n and_o monmouth_n upon_o the_o â—outh_n glamorgan_n this_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v full_a of_o mountain_n wood_n and_o river_n especial_o buelht_v and_o â—he_v lord_n of_o this_o country_n call_v bruce_n with_o the_o morâ—mers_n most_o of_o all_o other_o lord_n marcher_n sometime_o by_o may_v but_o often_o by_o treason_n have_v molest_v and_o grieve_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n this_o land_n come_v after_o the_o bruce_n to_o the_o bohun_v earl_n of_o hereford_n and_o so_o to_o the_o stafford'_v duke_n of_o buckingham_n these_o six_o shire_n be_v subject_n to_o the_o territory_n of_o dynefawr_n with_o radnor-shire_n which_o be_v belong_v to_o mathrafal_n be_v now_o common_o call_v south-wales_n which_o country_n be_v both_o great_a and_o large_a with_o many_o â—air_a plain_n and_o valley_n for_o corn_n high_a mountain_n and_o rock_n full_a of_o pasture_n for_o cattle_n great_a and_o thick_a wood_n with_o forest_n and_o park_n for_o red_a deer_n and_o fallow_a clear_a and_o deep_a river_n full_a of_o fish_n of_o which_o severn_n be_v the_o chief_a which_o with_o why_o and_o rheidolâ—pring_v â—pring_z out_o of_o a_o high_a mountain_n call_v pymlhymon_n in_o the_o edge_n of_o cardiganshire_n and_o be_v call_v common_o the_o three_o sister_n severn_n run_v full_a east_n through_o cydewen_n by_o the_o pool_n and_o under_o the_o castle_n of_o shraden_n to_o shrewsbury_n from_o whence_o it_o turn_v southward_o and_o run_v to_o bridgenorth_n bewdley_n worcester_n gloucester_n and_o â—o_o to_o the_o sea_n by_o bristol_n the_o second_o sister_n be_v gwy_a in_o english_a why_o which_o take_v her_o journey_n southeast_n by_o rayader_n gwy_a to_o buelht_n where_o irwon_a meet_v she_o thence_o to_o glasbury_n and_o so_o to_o hereford_n and_o monmouth_n and_o to_o the_o sea_n of_o severn_n at_o chepstow_n for_o so_o they_o call_v môr_n hafren_n the_o sea_n which_o sever_v wales_n from_o somersetshire_n devon_n shire_n and_o cornwall_n the_o three_o sister_n name_v rheidol_n run_v northward_o to_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o far_o off_o at_o aberystwyth_n there_o be_v other_o fair_a river_n as_o vsk_v which_o rise_v in_o a_o high_a mountain_n call_v y_o mynydh_n die_v in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o brecknockshire_n run_v to_o brecknock_n and_o so_o through_o monmouthshire_n to_o the_o town_n of_o vsk_n caerlheon_n and_o newport_n and_o so_o to_o the_o say_a south_n sea_n tywy_o also_o rise_v not_o far_o from_o why_o run_v south_n to_o lhanymdhyfri_n and_o thence_o south-west_n by_o lhandcilo_n and_o dynefawr_n to_o abergwily_n and_o caermardhyn_n and_o so_o by_o lhanstephan_n to_o the_o sea_n teifi_n likewise_o which_o rise_v in_o the_o edge_n of_o caermardhyn_a shire_n and_o run_v north-west_n by_o emlyn_n ci_o gerran_a cardigan_n and_o so_o to_o the_o north_n sea_n in_o teifi_n above_o all_o the_o river_n in_o wales_n itiner_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d greek_n fiber_n lat._n beaver_n english_a afanc_fw-fr british_a giraldus_n in_o itiner_n be_v in_o giraldus_n time_n a_o great_a number_n of_o castor_n which_o may_v be_v english_v bever_n and_o be_v call_v in_o welsh_a afanc_n which_o name_n only_o remain_v in_o wales_n at_o this_o day_n but_o what_o it_o be_v very_o few_o can_v tell_v it_o be_v a_o beast_n not_o much_o unlike_o a_o otter_n but_o that_o it_o be_v big_a all_o hairy_a save_v the_o tail_n which_o be_v like_o a_o fish_n tail_n as_o broad_a as_o a_o man_n hand_n this_o beast_n use_v as_o well_o the_o water_n as_o the_o land_n and_o have_v very_o sharp_a tooth_n and_o bit_v cruel_o till_o he_o perceive_v the_o bone_n crack_v his_o stone_n be_v of_o great_a efficacy_n in_o physic_n he_o that_o will_v learn_v what_o strong_a nest_n they_o make_v which_o giraldus_n call_v castle_n which_o they_o build_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n with_o great_a bough_n which_o they_o cut_v with_o their_o tooth_n and_o how_o some_o lie_n upon_o their_o back_n hold_v the_o wood_n with_o the_o fore-feet_n which_o the_o other_o draw_v with_o a_o cross_a stick_n the_o which_o he_o hold_v in_o his_o mouth_n to_o the_o waterside_n and_o other_o particularity_n of_o their_o nature_n let_v he_o read_v giraldus_n in_o his_o topography_n of_o wales_n there_o be_v beside_o these_o a_o great_a number_n of_o river_n of_o which_o some_o run_v to_o the_o south_n and_o some_o to_o the_o west_n and_o north_n sea_n as_o tywy_a in_o glamorgan-shire_n taf_n also_o in_o caermardhyn_a shire_n which_o runnenh_v to_o cledheu_o two_o river_n either_o call_v cledheu_o which_o do_v give_v milford_n the_o name_n of_o aberdaugledheu_o in_o pembrokeshire_n arthur_n aeron_n and_o ystwyth_n in_o cardigan_n there_o be_v also_o divers_a lordship_n which_o be_v add_v to_o other_o shire_n and_o be_v take_v heretofore_o for_o part_n of_o wales_n and_o in_o most_o part_n of_o they_o at_o this_o day_n the_o welsh_a language_n be_v speak_v as_o oswestry_n knock_v whittington_n elsmer_n masbroke_n chirbury_n caurs_n clun_n which_o be_v now_o in_o shrop-shire_n ewyas-lacy_n ewyas-haroald_a clifford_n winsorton_n yardley_n hunâ—ingdon_n whitney_n loghardney_n in_o hereford-shire_n also_o this_o country_n of_o south_n wales_n as_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o britain_n be_v first_o inhabit_v by_o the_o britain_n which_o remain_v there_o to_o this_o day_n save_v that_o in_o divers_a place_n especial_o along_o the_o seashore_n they_o have_v be_v mingle_v with_o saxon_n norman_n which_o the_o welsh_a history_n call_v frenchman_n and_o flemings_n so_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n since_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o norman_n can_v never_o keep_v quiet_a possession_n thereof_o but_o what_o for_o stranger_n and_o what_o for_o disloyalty_n of_o their_o own_o people_n vexation_n and_o war_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n compel_v to_o keep_v themselves_o in_o caermardhyn-shire_n the_o history_n of_o wales_n when_o the_o roman_a empire_n under_o valentinian_n the_o young_a begin_v to_o decline_v and_o become_v sensible_o unable_a to_o repress_v the_o perpetual_a incursion_n of_o the_o goth_n huns_n vandal_n and_o other_o barbarous_a invader_n it_o be_v find_v necessary_a to_o abandon_v the_o remote_a part_n of_o that_o unwieldy_a body_n and_o to_o recall_v the_o roman_a force_n that_o defend_v they_o the_o better_a to_o secure_v the_o inward_a and_o the_o province_n most_o expose_v to_o the_o depredation_n of_o the_o barbarian_n 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their_o wife_n child_n and_o liberty_n
from_o the_o injury_n of_o their_o barbarous_a enemy_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o roman_a legion_n be_v transporteâ—_n into_o gaul_n back_o return_v the_o pict_n and_o scot_n and_o have_v by_o a_o desperate_a assault_n pass_v the_o wall_n pursue_v the_o britain_n with_o a_o more_o dreadful_a and_o bloody_a slaughter_n than_o former_o the_o britain_n perceive_v their_o condition_n most_o desperate_a once_o more_o send_v their_o miserabâ—â—_n complaint_n to_o ætiâ—s_n in_o these_o tragical_a word_n 〈◊〉_d aetius_n thrice_o consul_n the_o groan_n of_o the_o britain_n the_o baâ—barians_n drive_v we_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o sea_n drive_v we_o bâ—â—â—_n to_o they_o and_o so_o distract_v betwixt_o two_o death_n we_o 〈◊〉_d either_o drown_v or_o perish_v by_o the_o sword_n but_o they_o solicit_v to_o no_o purpose_n the_o roman_n have_v already_o bid_v absolute_a farewell_n to_o britain_n and_o the_o empire_n be_v crum_o oppress_v by_o the_o goth_n and_o other_o barbarous_a â—_z be_v 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british_a legion_n so_o that_o they_o be_v leave_v expose_v to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o northern_a invader_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o recover_v any_o power_n or_o conduct_v to_o oppose_v they_o for_o have_v not_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n come_v on_o so_o forcible_o at_o first_o but_o have_v give_v time_n to_o the_o britain_n to_o shake_v off_o that_o lethargy_n they_o have_v for_o many_o year_n be_v bury_v in_o and_o to_o renew_v their_o ancient_a discipline_n and_o vigour_n there_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o call_v in_o the_o saxon_n see_v they_o will_v in_o all_o probability_n be_v able_a to_o maintain_v their_o ground_n against_o any_o opposition_n and_o likely_a have_v be_v in_o possession_n of_o their_o whole_a country_n to_o this_o time_n but_o next_o to_o the_o decree_n of_o heaven_n the_o ruin_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n must_v be_v attribute_v to_o its_o too_o much_o luxury_n and_o effeminacy_n and_o to_o the_o universal_a lapse_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n into_o a_o aversion_n of_o a_o military_a action_n and_o martial_a discipline_n for_o though_o a_o continue_a peace_n be_v in_o itself_o desirable_a yet_o oftentimes_o nothing_o tend_v more_o to_o the_o future_a ruin_n and_o downfall_n of_o a_o nation_n for_o peace_n beget_v in_o man_n general_o a_o habit_n of_o looseness_n and_o debauchery_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o many_o notorious_a extravagancy_n and_o vicious_a practice_n which_o weaken_v their_o hand_n and_o cool_v their_o courage_n and_o greatness_n of_o mind_n so_o that_o in_o case_n of_o any_o open_a danger_n they_o be_v uncapable_a to_o defend_v their_o country_n and_o unfit_a to_o oppose_v the_o common_a enemy_n scarce_o any_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n be_v subvert_v but_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o be_v usher_v in_o by_o these_o mean_n witness_v the_o assyrian_a under_o sardanapalus_n the_o persian_a under_o darius_n and_o the_o egyptian_a under_o cleopatra_n so_o that_o it_o be_v most_o prudent_o urge_v by_o a_o roman_a senator_n that_o carthage_n may_v not_o be_v demolish_v lest_o that_o for_o want_v of_o a_o enemy_n abroad_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o roman_n may_v degenerate_v and_o their_o conduct_n be_v forget_v have_v the_o britain_n have_v the_o fortune_n to_o be_v continual_o in_o action_n and_o not_o exchange_v their_o courage_n and_o discipline_n for_o ease_n and_o laziness_n they_o have_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o dread_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n nor_o any_o need_n of_o the_o aid_n and_o assistance_n of_o a_o foreign_a nation_n but_o the_o condition_n of_o their_o affair_n then_o require_v it_o and_o help_v must_v be_v have_v or_o else_o their_o country_n must_v unavoidable_o become_v a_o prey_n to_o those_o northern_a invader_n to_o prevent_v therefore_o and_o repel_v their_o violence_n king_n vâ—rtigern_n hold_v a_o council_n of_o his_o great_a man_n and_o noble_n where_o it_o be_v conclude_v to_o be_v most_o advantageous_a to_o the_o britain_n to_o invite_v the_o saxon_n out_o of_o germany_n to_o their_o aid_n who_o in_o all_o probability_n will_v glad_o embrace_v the_o opportunity_n by_o reason_n that_o their_o own_o country_n be_v grow_v too_o scanty_a for_o their_o superfluous_a number_n this_o message_n of_o the_o britain_n however_o original_o deliver_v be_v by_o a_o ancient_a saxon_a writer_n repeat_v in_o this_o manner_n most_o noble_a saxon_n the_o miserable_a britain_n shatter_v and_o quite_o wear_v out_o by_o the_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o their_o enemy_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o your_o many_o signal_n victory_n have_v send_v we_o to_o you_o humble_o request_v that_o you_o will_v assist_v they_o at_o this_o juncture_n a_o land_n large_a and_o spacious_a abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n they_o give_v up_o entire_o to_o your_o disposal_n hitherto_o we_o have_v live_v happy_o under_o the_o government_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o roman_n next_o to_o the_o roman_n we_o know_v none_o of_o great_a valour_n than_o yourselves_o and_o therefore_o in_o your_o arm_n do_v now_o seek_v refuge_n
in_o northumberland_n and_o be_v with_o much_o rejoice_v receive_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o before_o he_o can_v secure_v himself_o in_o the_o government_n he_o be_v shameful_o banish_v the_o country_n and_o so_o the_o northumbrian_n elect_v one_o hircius_n the_o son_n of_o harold_n for_o their_o king_n but_o to_o show_v the_o inconstancy_n of_o a_o unsettled_a multitude_n they_o soon_o grow_v weary_a of_o hircius_n and_o after_o three_o year_n space_n expel_v he_o and_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o edred_n who_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v eight_o year_n dye_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o winchester_n to_o he_o succeed_v edwin_n the_o son_n of_o edmund_n a_o man_n so_o immoderate_o give_v to_o venety_n that_o he_o forcible_o marry_v another_o man_n wife_n for_o which_o and_o other_o irregularity_n his_o subject_n after_o four_o year_n reign_v set_v up_o his_o brother_n edgar_n who_o be_v crown_v in_o his_o stead_n with_o a.d._n 958_o grief_n of_o which_o he_o soon_o end_v 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cadwalhon_n ap_fw-mi owen_n not_o long_o after_o the_o country_n of_o north-wales_n be_v cruel_o a.d._n 965_o waste_v by_o the_o army_n of_o edgar_n king_n of_o england_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o invasion_n be_v the_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o tribute_n that_o the_o king_n of_o aberffraw_n by_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o london_n but_o at_o length_n a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v upon_o these_o condition_n that_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n instead_o of_o money_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n the_o tribute_n of_o 300_o wolf_n yearly_a which_o creature_n be_v then_o very_o pernicious_a and_o destructive_a to_o england_n and_o wales_n this_o tribure_n be_v due_o perform_v for_o two_o year_n the_o three_o year_n there_o be_v none_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o island_n so_o that_o afterward_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n become_v exempt_a from_o pay_v any_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n 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and_o well_o belove_v of_o his_o subject_n 〈◊〉_d but_o sometime_o before_o his_o death_n owen_n the_o son_n oâ—_n prince_n howel_n dha_n lay_v claim_n to_o ystradwy_n and_o eâ—y_n call_v the_o two_o sleeve_n of_o gwent_n vwchcoed_n be_v thâ—_n right_o of_o morgan_n and_o seize_v upon_o they_o to_o his_o owâ—_n use_v but_o the_o matter_n through_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n be_v by_o both_o party_n refer_v to_o the_o decision_n of_o edgar_n king_n of_o england_n it_o be_v by_o he_o adjudge_v that_o the_o say_v land_n do_v of_o right_o belong_v to_o morgan_n and_o to_o the_o diocese_n of_o lhandaff_n and_o that_o owen_n ap_fw-mi howel_n dha_n have_v wrongful_o possess_v himself_o of_o they_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o say_a award_n waâ—_n make_v before_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n and_o wales_n at_n may_v be_v see_v at_o lhandaff_n in_o a_o old_a manuscript_n call_v y_o cwtta_n cyfarwydd_n 〈◊〉_d forgannwg_n and_o there_o 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another_o way_n and_o consequent_o in_o no_o good_a condition_n to_o help_v himself_o for_o have_v repent_v of_o all_o the_o indignity_n and_o stubborness_n he_o express_v against_o pope_n innocent_a at_o this_o time_n he_o receive_v penance_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o atone_v for_o all_o the_o severity_n he_o have_v practise_v against_o the_o church_n and_o to_o restore_v himself_o the_o more_o to_o his_o holiness_n favour_n he_o make_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n tributary_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o pope_n in_o pay_v he_o the_o sum_n of_o 1000_o mark_n yearly_a for_o ever_o and_o withal_o recall_v and_o restore_v to_o their_o former_a preferment_n and_o place_n all_o such_o as_o have_v be_v banish_v or_o have_v voluntary_o flee_v the_o kingdom_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o strict_a adherence_n and_o submission_n to_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n nor_o be_v this_o all_o for_o the_o next_o year_n king_n 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