encamp_v that_o they_o may_v be_v perpetual_o under_o a_o strict_a discipline_n ready_a to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v keep_v from_o pillage_n and_o ruine_v the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o expedient_a will_v doubtless_o be_v very_o agreeable_a and_o advantageous_a to_o the_o people_n who_o can_v with_o less_o trouble_n raise_v money_n to_o pay_v the_o troop_n at_o distance_n than_o maintain_v they_o at_o home_o and_o suffer_v all_o the_o disorder_n which_o they_o commit_v in_o their_o frequent_a march_n through_o the_o country_n this_o remedy_n have_v be_v very_o much_o commend_v by_o some_o but_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o soldier_n be_v always_o keep_v in_o a_o camp_n under_o the_o command_n of_o one_o officer_n '_o twon_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o make_v the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n too_o powerful_a thus_o the_o soldier_n continue_v to_o oppress_v the_o people_n and_o harrass_n the_o kingdom_n without_o any_o prospect_n of_o redress_n i_o intimate_v before_o that_o the_o want_n of_o discipline_n and_o the_o little_a order_n that_o be_v observe_v among_o the_o polish_v troop_n be_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o raise_v a_o new_a army_n almost_o every_o year_n but_o the_o manner_n of_o pay_v their_o soldier_n which_o be_v neither_o every_o week_n nor_o every_o month_n nor_o every_o six_o month_n and_o sometime_o not_o at_o all_o be_v a_o more_o dangerous_a fault_n because_o it_o keep_v they_o under_o a_o perpetual_a temptation_n to_o desert_n for_o when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o army_n they_o live_v upon_o colewore_n root_n fruit_n which_o they_o find_v in_o the_o wood_n and_o on_o horseflesh_n when_o they_o can_v get_v it_o it_o be_v not_o the_o castom_n in_o poland_n to_o give_v ammunition-bread_n so_o that_o the_o officer_n be_v force_v to_o let_v the_o soldier_n shift_v for_o themselves_o and_o consequent_o since_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v starve_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o they_o must_v raise_v a_o new_a army_n every_o year_n they_o pay_v the_o officer_n but_o once_o in_o the_o year_n and_o frequent_o but_o once_o in_o two_o year_n and_o for_o that_o end_n they_o appoint_v commissioner_n to_o meet_v at_o some_o place_n remote_a from_o the_o court_n because_o by_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o diet_n the_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o meeting_n that_o be_v hold_v for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o soldier_n though_o every_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o his_o name_n the_o commissioner_n that_o be_v depute_v by_o the_o diet_n regulate_v the_o payment_n of_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o usual_o make_v some_o abatement_n especial_o to_o stranger_n nor_o must_v they_o be_v absolute_o blame_v for_o abridge_n the_o pay_n of_o the_o officer_n because_o they_o hardly_o lie_v out_o any_o money_n for_o the_o subsistance_n of_o their_o company_n whereas_o the_o commissioner_n make_v up_o their_o account_n as_o if_o they_o have_v entertain_v their_o soldier_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n it_o be_v plain_a the_o polish_v service_n be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o officer_n who_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o wait_v some_o time_n for_o their_o mony_n the_o army_n be_v usual_o pay_v but_o once_o in_o two_o year_n and_o sometime_o the_o republic_n be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v they_o then_o which_o occasion_n a_o universal_a murmur_a among_o the_o soldier_n and_o oblige_v they_o sometime_o to_o enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n which_o they_o do_v in_o this_o manner_n after_o the_o officer_n have_v long_o complain_v of_o the_o retain_v of_o their_o pay_n and_o have_v remonstrate_v to_o the_o court_n and_o to_o the_o diet_n that_o they_o can_v no_o long_o subsist_v without_o it_o and_o after_o they_o perceive_v that_o their_o complaint_n and_o remonstrance_n be_v neglect_v they_o assemble_v together_o and_o make_v a_o rokoâ—z_n which_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n signify_v a_o separation_n from_o their_o general_n the_o subaltern_n officer_n thus_o assemble_v choose_v two_o of_o their_o number_n one_o for_o their_o marshal_n and_o the_o other_o for_o his_o licutenant_n to_o these_o officer_n who_o they_o call_v substitute_n they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o oblige_v the_o republic_n to_o pay_v they_o after_o which_o the_o marshal_n command_v this_o confederate_a army_n as_o if_o he_o be_v 〈◊〉_d the_o general_n of_o it_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o every_o consider_v person_n that_o such_o a_o revolt_n must_v be_v attend_v with_o terrible_a consequenees_n for_o then_o the_o army_n in_o stead_n of_o march_v towards_o the_o enemy_n or_o guard_v the_o frontier_n harass_n the_o country_n and_o with_o a_o unbridled_a liberty_n overruns_a the_o estate_n of_o the_o nobleman_n make_v necessity_n the_o prtext_n of_o all_o the_o disorder_n they_o commit_v the_o danger_n of_o these_o confederacy_n will_v appear_v if_o we_o reflect_v upon_o the_o violent_a proceed_n of_o the_o confederate_a army_n of_o which_o swiderski_n be_v marshal_n and_o borzecki_n substitute_n which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o occasion_v by_o want_n of_o pay_n as_o by_o the_o party_n that_o be_v form_v by_o some_o person_n who_o hope_v to_o enrich_v themselves_o during_o the_o general_n disorder_n which_o can_v not_o be_v quiet_v without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o trouble_n at_o leopold_n by_o king_n john_n casimir_n in_o the_o year_n 1663._o it_o be_v thus_o that_o the_o army_n enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n though_o there_o be_v a_o law_n or_o constitution_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v presume_v to_o hold_v meeting_n make_v harangue_n raise_v sedition_n or_o enter_v into_o confederacy_n shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o death_n and_o that_o whosoever_o shall_v join_v the_o confederate_n shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o his_o estate_n and_o office_n i_o have_v also_o observe_v another_o defect_n in_o poland_n concern_v the_o office_n of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n which_o be_v give_v for_o life_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o displace_v a_o general_n who_o he_o have_v once_o advance_v though_o he_o be_v often_o oblige_v to_o confer_v this_o dignity_n upon_o some_o great_a lord_n who_o be_v perfect_o unacquainted_a with_o the_o art_n of_o war._n it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o strange_a then_o that_o poland_n shall_v suffer_v some_o loss_n from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o let_v slip_v several_a opportunity_n of_o weaken_v their_o enemy_n for_o they_o have_v more_o need_n than_o any_o other_o nation_n of_o a_o active_a and_o experience_a general_n who_o know_v how_o to_o manage_v the_o soldier_n and_o will_v not_o keep_v they_o too_o long_o in_o a_o place_n where_o there_o be_v neither_o forage_v for_o the_o horse_n nor_o subsistance_n for_o the_o foot_n who_o will_v never_o engage_v his_o troop_n in_o any_o place_n from_o whence_o he_o can_v easy_o make_v good_a his_o retreat_n nor_o ever_o neglect_v a_o advantageous_a occasion_n of_o give_v battle_n to_o his_o enemy_n and_o especial_o one_o who_o know_v that_o a_o numerous_a army_n ought_v not_o to_o engage_v with_o a_o small_a one_o in_o a_o narrow_a and_o close_a place_n because_o in_o such_o a_o case_n a_o handful_n of_o man_n may_v beat_v a_o formidable_a army_n as_o it_o appear_v for_o example_n by_o the_o instance_n of_o marshal_n lubomirski_n who_o defeat_v the_o vanguard_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n army_n at_o the_o passage_n of_o montroi_n and_o of_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n who_o though_o much_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o the_o army_n of_o king_n casimir_n iii_o defeat_v they_o in_o a_o place_n where_o king_n casimir_n troop_n can_v not_o extend_v themselves_o nor_o put_v themselves_o in_o battalion_n if_o therefore_o the_o polander_n have_v experience_v general_n they_o may_v one_o day_n destroy_v all_o the_o ottoman_a infantry_n for_o which_o they_o have_v have_v several_a fair_a opportunity_n they_o may_v regain_v all_o that_o they_o have_v lose_v and_o even_o extend_v their_o conquest_n far_o but_o to_o obtain_v this_o advantage_n the_o office_n of_o general_n of_o the_o army_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v give_v for_o life_n but_o only_o to_o person_n of_o merry_a because_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o more_o animate_v the_o courage_n of_o a_o officer_n than_o the_o hope_n of_o high_a preferment_n and_o there_o be_v more_o who_o aspire_v to_o that_o honour_n when_o they_o may_v attain_v it_o by_o their_o own_o merit_n without_o expect_v the_o death_n of_o those_o who_o possess_v it_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o heretofore_o this_o office_n be_v not_o give_v for_o life_n in_o poland_n as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a for_o john_n tarnowski_n be_v the_o first_o who_o king_n sigismond_n make_v perpetual_a general_n of_o the_o army_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o aâ—serwards_o nicholas_n radziwill_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o same_o dignity_n in_o lithuania_n there_o be_v also_o in_o poland_n another_o disorder_n among_o the_o officer_n viz._n
that_o they_o seldom_o come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o rendezvous_n on_o the_o day_n appoint_v for_o there_o be_v many_o of_o they_o who_o do_v not_o arrive_v there_o with_o their_o company_n or_o regiment_n till_o a_o month_n and_o sometime_o six_o week_n after_o and_o even_o there_o be_v some_o who_o leave_v the_o army_n a_o month_n before_o the_o campagne_n be_v end_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o general_n may_v easy_o remedy_n this_o disorder_n but_o they_o dare_v not_o attempt_v to_o do_v it_o for_o fear_v of_o offend_v some_o person_n of_o quality_n who_o affection_n they_o must_v careful_o preserve_v for_o they_o who_o leave_v the_o army_n or_o come_v not_o to_o the_o rendezvous_n by_o the_o day_n prefix_v be_v common_o polish_v gentleman_n and_o not_o stranger_n who_o be_v more_o exact_a and_o dare_v not_o assume_v such_o liberty_n without_o ask_v and_o obtain_v leave_v as_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o carry_v on_o a_o war_n without_o money_n so_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n to_o raise_v money_n but_o by_o tax_n and_o therefore_o beside_o the_o ordinary_a revenue_n of_o the_o republic_n which_o be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o office_n that_o be_v in_o the_o king_n gift_n the_o custom_n upon_o wine_n and_o merchandize_n and_o the_o tribute_n that_o be_v exact_v from_o the_o jew_n they_o impose_v also_o in_o time_n of_o necessity_n a_o certain_a sum_n by_o way_n of_o poll_n upon_o every_o person_n be_v head_n which_o be_v no_o new_a sort_n of_o tax_n in_o poland_n for_o king_n casimir_n iii_o after_o he_o have_v lose_v the_o battle_n against_o the_o toutonick_a knight_n summon_v a_o diet_n at_o peotrkow_n in_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o whole_a gentry_n and_o clergy_n and_o even_o the_o king_n himself_o shall_v give_v half_a of_o their_o revenue_n for_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war._n the_o polish_v army_n be_v compose_v of_o polander_n and_o stranger_n all_o the_o polish_v troop_n be_v cavalry_n and_o be_v call_v husartsz_n and_o tovarzysz_n the_o husartsz_n be_v choose_v man_n brave_a and_o in_o good_a condition_n the_o tovarzysz_n be_v so_o call_v from_o a_o word_n which_o signify_v a_o comrade_n and_o both_o sort_n be_v gentleman_n the_o one_o be_v arm_v with_o lance_n and_o the_o other_o with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o there_o be_v some_o troop_n of_o horse_n who_o have_v behind_o their_o back_n wing_n make_v of_o cock_n feather_n which_o be_v usual_o white_a in_o order_n to_o frighten_v the_o enemy_n horse_n which_o be_v not_o accustom_a to_o such_o sight_n they_o be_v all_o rich_o clothe_v with_o the_o skin_n of_o tiger_n leopard_n or_o panther_n their_o horse_n be_v also_o very_o sine_fw-la and_o well-harnessed_n in_o a_o word_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o they_o be_v the_o fine_a and_o best_a cavalry_n in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o they_o will_v be_v invincible_a if_o they_o be_v more_o submissive_a and_o better_o pay_v as_o for_o the_o foreign_a troop_n they_o be_v almost_o all_o infantry_n and_o be_v call_v foreigner_n because_o they_o be_v keep_v on_o german_a pay_n and_o receive_v the_o word_n of_o command_n in_o the_o german_a language_n though_o most_o of_o the_o soldier_n and_o officer_n be_v polander_n those_o troop_n be_v divide_v into_o regiment_n of_o foot_n or_o dragoon_n and_o the_o regiment_n into_o company_n as_o in_o france_n but_o the_o soldier_n be_v so_o miserable_o poor_a that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v neither_o sword_n nor_o shoe_n when_o they_o lie_v in_o town_n they_o live_v on_o three_o gros_n a_o day_n which_o be_v worth_a two_o penny_n of_o polish_v money_n or_o a_o penny_n english_a and_o upon_o what_o they_o can_v steal_v from_o the_o peasant_n that_o come_v that_o come_v to_o the_o market_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n in_o poland_n to_o give_v they_o ammunition-bread_n and_o even_o the_o officer_n of_o foot_n be_v not_o better_o clothe_v than_o our_o common_a soldier_n i_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o give_v some_o account_n of_o the_o equipage_n with_o which_o the_o polander_n go_v to_o the_o army_n and_o first_o there_o be_v no_o â—utlers_n in_o the_o polish_v army_n for_o beside_o that_o the_o soldier_n will_v not_o pay_v they_o they_o can_v never_o arrive_v in_o the_o camp_n without_o be_v plunder_v by_o the_o soldier_n and_o especial_o by_o the_o lithuanian_n who_o be_v more_o accustom_a to_o pillage_n than_o the_o polander_n so_o that_o every_o man_n must_v carry_v every_o thing_n that_o he_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o along_o with_o he_o which_o oblige_v the_o officer_n to_o hare_n a_o great_a equipage_n and_o to_o provide_v sufficient_a quantity_n of_o meat_n bacon_n butter_n salt_n sugar_n comfit_n spice_n beer_n hungary-wine_n brandy_n oat_n and_o general_o of_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o themselves_o their_o servant_n and_o their_o horse_n they_o have_v many_o wagon_n as_o well_o for_o carry_v all_o sort_n of_o provision_n as_o their_o tent_n which_o be_v very_o heavy_a but_o very_o fine_a as_o for_o the_o poor_a soldier_n i_o have_v already_o intimate_v that_o they_o live_v upon_o root_n and_o the_o flesh_n of_o dead_a horse_n or_o such_o as_o they_o find_v lie_v in_o quagmire_n for_o if_o the_o owner_n do_v not_o take_v speedy_a care_n to_o draw_v he_o out_o he_o must_v expect_v to_o be_v prevent_v by_o the_o famish_v soldier_n who_o in_o a_o moment_n cut_v he_o into_o a_o thousand_o piece_n it_o be_v general_o know_v and_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o success_n of_o a_o enterprise_n espeial_o in_o war_n depend_v in_o a_o particular_a manner_n upon_o two_o thing_n viz._n secrecy_n and_o the_o certain_a knowledge_n which_o a_o general_n ought_v to_o have_v of_o the_o strength_n or_o weakness_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v post_v as_o for_o secrecy_n which_o be_v the_o soul_n of_o all_o important_a affair_n it_o be_v so_o little_o observe_v in_o poland_n that_o every_o petty_a officer_n be_v acquaint_v with_o all_o the_o great_a general_n be_v design_n and_o as_o for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o enemy_n since_o the_o polander_n never_o make_v use_n of_o spy_n they_o never_o learn_v any_o news_n of_o the_o enemy_n army_n till_o they_o meet_v with_o some_o of_o their_o party_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o news_n which_o come_v from_o the_o polish_v army_n be_v so_o uncertain_a that_o those_o who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o country_n seldom_o give_v any_o credit_n to_o these_o report_n the_o army_n of_o poland_n be_v thus_o compose_v and_o be_v accompany_v with_o such_o a_o equipage_n as_o i_o late_o mention_v be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o great_a general_n and_o of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o field_n and_o beside_o these_o two_o general_a officer_n there_o be_v also_o other_o under_o they_o as_o the_o master_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o pissarsz_n or_o intendant_n of_o the_o army_n the_o great_a standard-bearer_n the_o field-marshal_n the_o general_n of_o the_o sentinel_n and_o the_o major-general_n who_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o brigadier_n before_o i_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n there_o be_v one_o thing_n more_o observable_a in_o the_o polish_v army_n which_o be_v that_o if_o news_n be_v bring_v to_o they_o when_o they_o be_v at_o table_n that_o the_o enemy_n appear_v they_o will_v not_o stir_v till_o they_o have_v do_v to_o mount_v their_o horse_n and_o pursue_v their_o enemy_n chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o estate_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o polander_n the_o estate_n in_o poland_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n either_o royal_a ecclesiastic_a or_o patrimonial_a the_o royal_a estate_n be_v part_n of_o the_o domain_a and_o belong_v to_o the_o republic_n they_o consist_v of_o the_o starosty_n saltwork_n and_o half_a the_o revenue_n of_o the_o port_n of_o dantzick_n as_o for_o the_o starosty_n the_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o bestow_v they_o on_o polish_v gentleman_n within_o six_o month_n after_o a_o vacancy_n for_o it_o be_v not_o in_o his_o power_n to_o reserve_v any_o of_o they_o for_o himself_o except_o those_o that_o be_v call_v royal_a oeconomy_n which_o together_o with_o the_o saltwork_n and_o the_o port_n of_o dantzick_n belong_v proper_o to_o he_o so_o that_o his_o whole_a revenue_n amount_v to_o but_o about_o a_o million_o of_o liver_n but_o then_o he_o be_v not_o to_o pay_v any_o troop_n out_o of_o it_o not_o so_o so_o much_o as_o his_o own_o regiment_n of_o guard_n and_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o household_n who_o be_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n serve_v he_o without_o any_o salary_n in_o hope_n of_o obtain_v some_o benefice_n or_o starostie_a so_o that_o he_o be_v at_o no_o charge_n but_o for_o his_o table_n clothes_n and_o stable_a and_o beside_o he_o receive_v many_o
he_o none_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o cham_n drive_v his_o brother_n out_o of_o the_o peninsula_n without_o the_o grand_a signior_n assistance_n who_o he_o suspect_v to_o be_v the_o contriver_n and_o promoter_n of_o the_o rebellion_n conclude_v that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o have_v such_o a_o design_n he_o will_v have_v deliver_v they_o up_o long_o before_o or_o at_o least_o will_v have_v keep_v they_o so_o secure_a that_o they_o can_v not_o have_v make_v their_o escape_n at_o the_o some_o time_n amurath_n who_o be_v still_o engage_v in_o the_o war_n with_o the_o persian_n send_v to_o require_v muchmetkirey_n assistance_n no_o long_o as_o a_o friend_n but_o as_o a_o master_n and_o in_o a_o haughty_a and_o imperious_a manner_n which_o so_o enrage_v the_o cham_n that_o he_o begin_v to_o commit_v hostility_n against_o the_o grand_a signior_n without_o declare_v war._n he_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o caffa_n and_o press_v it_o so_o hard_a in_o a_o few_o day_n that_o the_o turk_n who_o 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polander_v retire_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v beat_v and_o immediate_o conclude_v a_o peace_n by_o which_o they_o suffer_v the_o cossack_n to_o keep_v a_o army_n of_o 20000_o man_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kiowia_fw-la this_o reflection_n be_v so_o just_a and_o important_a that_o i_o can_v forbear_v add_v another_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n which_o happen_v anno_fw-la 1489._o about_o that_o time_n russia_n and_o podolia_n be_v miserable_o harass_v by_o the_o tartar_n who_o infest_a these_o province_n with_o continual_a inroad_n and_o always_o return_v home_o with_o a_o multitude_n of_o slave_n at_o last_o king_n casimir_n resolve_v to_o prevent_v the_o utter_a ruin_n of_o the_o country_n upon_o advice_n that_o the_o tartar_n be_v prepare_v to_o make_v a_o new_a incursion_n into_o russia_n and_o podolia_n he_o send_v john_n albert_n his_o son_n with_o a_o body_n of_o light_a horse_n to_o oppose_v they_o and_o order_v all_o the_o gentry_n of_o russia_n and_o podolia_n to_o join_v he_o the_o tartar_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o body_n the_o first_o of_o which_o consist_v of_o 15000_o horse_n and_o the_o second_o of_o 10000_o be_v return_v home_o without_o fear_v any_o danger_n with_o a_o prodigious_a number_n of_o slave_n according_a to_o their_o usual_a custom_n but_o the_o young_a prince_n with_o his_o troop_n meet_v the_o first_o attack_v and_o total_o rout_v they_o and_o take_v from_o they_o all_o the_o booty_n and_o slave_n they_o have_v carry_v away_o after_o this_o success_n he_o march_v immediate_o to_o attack_v the_o other_o body_n the_o officer_n who_o command_v they_o make_v some_o resistance_n but_o be_v at_o last_o kill_v and_o the_o slaughter_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o polander_n be_v weary_a with_o cut_v off_o so_o many_o head_n for_o not_o one_o of_o the_o tartar_n return_v to_o the_o crim._n this_o total_a defeat_n of_o the_o
not_o be_v crown_v and_o that_o the_o austrian_a faction_n oppose_v it_o both_o because_o she_o be_v a_o french-woman_n bear_v and_o because_o she_o be_v but_o a_o private_a gentlewoman_n but_o the_o event_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o she_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n with_o her_o husband_n without_o the_o least_o opposition_n but_o if_o a_o queen_n of_o poland_n be_v not_o a_o catholic_n she_o can_v be_v crown_v as_o it_o happen_v to_o helen_n the_o wife_n of_o alexander_n i._o and_o daughter_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n who_o be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n and_o refuse_v to_o embrace_v the_o roman_n catholic_n faith_n the_o republic_n will_v never_o consent_v that_o she_o shall_v be_v crown_v though_o according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n both_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o poland_n ought_v to_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n we_o find_v that_o this_o ceremony_n have_v be_v sometime_o perform_v in_o other_o place_n for_o queen_n cecilia_n the_o wife_n of_o vladislaus_n iv_o be_v crown_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1637._o and_o though_o there_o be_v a_o law_n make_v the_o next_o year_n that_o the_o queen_n shall_v always_o be_v crown_v at_o warsaw_n anno_fw-la 1670._o it_o be_v true_a this_o be_v do_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n when_o the_o queen_n be_v crown_v the_o king_n must_v desire_v it_o of_o the_o republic_n he_o must_v be_v present_a at_o the_o ceremony_n himself_o conduct_v she_o to_o the_o church_n and_o present_v she_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n or_o to_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v to_o perform_v the_o ceremony_n the_o archbishop_n anoint_v she_o with_o the_o consecrate_a oil_n and_o put_v the_o crown_n upon_o her_o head_n the_o sceptre_n into_o her_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o globe_n of_o gold_n into_o her_o left_a the_o queen_n of_o poland_n have_v no_o officer_n but_o a_o marshal_n and_o a_o chancellor_n neither_o of_o who_o be_v senator_n but_o only_a judge_n of_o the_o difference_n that_o happen_v among_o her_o domestic_n they_o answer_v the_o harangue_n that_o be_v make_v to_o the_o queen_n when_o a_o ambassador_n make_v she_o a_o compliment_n in_o his_o master_n name_n or_o when_o a_o present_a be_v make_v to_o she_o at_o the_o marriage_n of_o a_o maid_n of_o honour_n the_o king_n furnish_v the_o queen_n with_o money_n to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o her_o household_n but_o after_o the_o king_n death_n she_o must_v maintain_v herself_o and_o all_o her_o retinue_n with_o the_o revenue_n which_o the_o king_n bestow_v upon_o she_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n both_o for_o her_o dowry_n and_o for_o her_o marriage-present_a these_o revenue_n be_v call_v the_o reformation_n and_o consist_v of_o the_o reversion_n of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o starosty_n which_o she_o can_v enjoy_v till_o they_o become_v vacant_a by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o present_a possessor_n so_o that_o a_o queen_n of_o poland_n be_v frequent_o keep_v from_o her_o estate_n till_o she_o be_v just_o ready_a to_o leave_v it_o for_o sometime_o those_o who_o possess_v the_o starosty_n that_o be_v in_o her_o reformation_n outlive_v she_o but_o if_o the_o king_n die_v before_o the_o queen_n reformation_n be_v settle_v upon_o she_o the_o republic_n allow_v she_o a_o yearly_o pension_n out_o of_o the_o crown-land_n as_o they_o do_v to_o queen_n eleanor_n in_o the_o year_n 1674_o after_o the_o election_n of_o king_n john_n for_o they_o be_v so_o king_n to_o that_o princess_n as_o to_o give_v she_o a_o yearly_o pension_n of_o 120000_o livre_n by_o a_o express_a article_n which_o be_v afterward_o insert_v in_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la but_o she_o choose_v rather_o to_o quit_v both_o that_o and_o the_o kingdom_n than_o to_o see_v a_o french_a gentlewoman_n succeed_v a_o princess_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o polish_v army_n there_o be_v so_o little_a order_n or_o discipline_n observe_v in_o the_o polish_v army_n that_o the_o country_n be_v frequent_o harass_v by_o those_o who_o be_v pay_v to_o defend_v it_o and_o the_o republic_n be_v oblige_v to_o raise_v new_a troop_n every_o year_n at_o the_o first_o there_o be_v few_o city_n in_o poland_n but_o when_o the_o inhabitant_n grow_v more_o industrious_a in_o cultivate_v the_o ground_n they_o be_v perpetual_o molest_v by_o their_o neighbour_n who_o by_o frequent_a inroad_n endeavour_v to_o deprive_v they_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o their_o labour_n in_o order_n to_o oppose_v these_o invasion_n the_o king_n cause_v castle_n and_o fortress_n to_o be_v build_v in_o the_o city_n which_o always_o subsist_v so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o royal_a authority_n and_o defend_v by_o good_a officer_n and_o discipline_v soldier_n but_o since_o those_o fort_n be_v neglect_v several_a lord_n have_v endeavour_v to_o usurp_v the_o possession_n of_o they_o that_o they_o may_v extend_v their_o dominion_n over_o the_o city_n and_o oppress_v the_o burgher_n as_o they_o do_v the_o peasant_n in_o the_o village_n those_o who_o the_o king_n entrust_v with_o the_o government_n of_o those_o place_n do_v not_o employ_v the_o revenue_n that_o be_v annex_v to_o they_o in_o repair_v the_o wall_n and_o fortificatious_a whence_o it_o come_v that_o all_o their_o city_n be_v open_a and_o that_o the_o soldier_n who_o be_v put_v there_o into_o winter_n quarter_n may_v go_v out_o when_o they_o please_v and_o ravage_n the_o country_n for_o when_o a_o regiment_n be_v to_o be_v send_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o other_o the_o commander_n be_v only_o order_v to_o set_v out_o and_o to_o go_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v without_o mention_v either_o the_o time_n or_o the_o place_n through_o which_o he_o be_v to_o march_v or_o the_o city_n where_o he_o be_v to_o quarter_n so_o that_o he_o may_v run_v through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o so_o sometime_o spend_v a_o 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world_n in_o the_o ducal_z prussia_n near_o coningsberg_n they_o have_v at_o present_a a_o church_n and_o public_a shcool_n be_v protect_v by_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o prussian_n who_o every_o year_n in_o their_o diet_n exclaim_v against_o this_o injustice_n of_o the_o elector_n but_o at_o racovia_n the_o seat_n and_o sepulchre_n of_o faustus_n socinus_n after_o many_o change_n the_o print_v house_n and_o academy_n be_v first_o demolish_v come_v at_o last_o by_o right_n of_o inheritance_n to_o the_o grand_a daughter_n of_o james_n sieninski_n palatine_n of_o podolia_n and_o governor_n of_o racovia_n who_o embrace_v the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n and_o be_v still_o live_v and_o this_o be_v the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o socinian_o of_o which_o none_o else_o can_v give_v a_o full_a or_o large_a account_n a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o late_a interregnum_fw-la in_o poland_n and_o the_o election_n of_o the_o present_a king_n have_v give_v the_o reader_n page_n 221._o a_o short_a epitome_n of_o the_o most_o glorious_a action_n of_o john_n sobieski_n late_a king_n of_o poland_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o complete_a his_o character_n to_o take_v notice_n here_o of_o his_o conduct_n during_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o life_n which_o have_v so_o little_o answer_v the_o glorious_a beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n that_o prince_n enter_v into_o a_o common_a league_n with_o the_o emperor_n the_o republic_n of_o venice_n and_o the_o pope_n against_o the_o common_a enemy_n of_o christendom_n and_o notwithstanding_o the_o emperor_n and_o venetian_n carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o so_o much_o vigour_n and_o success_n as_o to_o give_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n to_o the_o pole_n to_o regain_v caminiek_n and_o the_o province_n the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n have_v get_v from_o they_o yet_o to_o the_o great_a amazement_n of_o the_o world_n the_o polish_v army_n do_v nothing_o at_o all_o and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o protect_v their_o country_n against_o the_o excursion_n of_o their_o enemy_n who_o commit_v unspeakable_a disorder_n and_o carry_v a_o great_a multitude_n of_o people_n into_o slavery_n this_o occasion_v great_a murmur_n among_o the_o pole_n against_o their_o king_n and_o be_v such_o a_o blot_n as_o tranish_v the_o lustre_n of_o his_o former_a action_n several_n have_v inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o so_o odd_a a_o conduct_n for_o that_o prince_n want_v neither_o courage_n or_o ability_n every_o body_n think_v that_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o poland_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o there_o have_v be_v many_o conjecture_n on_o this_o subject_a but_o the_o only_a who_o appear_v to_o i_o well_o ground_v be_v that_o prince_n covetousness_n and_o after_o a_o impartial_a examination_n this_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o only_a remora_n who_o stop_v the_o vigorous_a resolution_n that_o be_v yearly_o take_v old_a man_n general_o speak_v be_v covetous_a the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v plain_a enough_o but_o beside_o this_o almost_o natural_a bias_n the_o little_a esteem_n the_o pole_n have_v for_o prince_n james_n be_v a_o great_a motive_n to_o engage_v his_o father_n to_o heap_v up_o money_n though_o to_o the_o visible_a detriment_n of_o the_o republic_n that_o prince_n see_v as_o i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o pole_n express_v little_a esteem_n for_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o consequent_o have_v no_o prospect_n that_o he_o shall_v succeed_v he_o mere_o upon_o account_n of_o his_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o royal_a family_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n know_v by_o experience_n that_o money_n be_v the_o best_a argument_n to_o recommend_v a_o prince_n to_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o pole_n resolve_v to_o hoard_n up_o money_n and_o therefore_o leave_v his_o army_n unpaid_a the_o magazine_n unprovided_a and_o live_v very_o parsimonious_a in_o his_o house_n the_o same_o reason_n oblige_v he_o to_o set_v a_o tax_n upon_o several_a thing_n that_o be_v former_o give_v gratis_o at_o his_o court_n as_o pass_n petition_n and_o the_o like_a france_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v sensible_a that_o the_o turk_n can_v hardly_o make_v head_n against_o so_o many_o enemy_n if_o all_o of_o they_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o vigour_n make_v a_o good_a use_n of_o the_o covetousness_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o by_o mean_n of_o a_o yearly_o pension_n to_o that_o hungry_a prince_n disappoint_v all_o the_o design_n of_o the_o polish_v nobility_n who_o can_v hardly_o bear_v without_o murmur_n that_o caminick_n shall_v continue_v so_o long_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o infidel_n a_o violent_a and_o very_a extraordinary_a distemper_n king_n john_n labour_v under_o give_v he_o a_o sufficient_a warn_v of_o his_o death_n draw_v nigh_o he_o try_v several_a way_n to_o have_v his_o son_n choose_v his_o successor_n in_o his_o life-time_n but_o all_o in_o vain_a for_o that_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o poland_n it_o have_v be_v rare_o practise_v and_o the_o king_n be_v not_o belove_v enough_o to_o oblige_v the_o pole_n to_o act_n against_o their_o own_o law_n thus_o stand_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n when_o king_n john_n die_v which_o happen_v the_o 17_o of_o june_n at_o nine_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n 1696._o the_o news_n of_o the_o king_n death_n be_v immediate_o carry_v by_o a_o express_a to_o dardinal_n radziowsky_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o regent_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la who_o make_v his_o entry_n into_o warsaw_n on_o the_o 24_o of_o june_n that_o be_v seven_o day_n after_o the_o king_n death_n in_o a_o most_o solemn_a and_o magnificent_a manner_n all_o the_o senator_n and_o nobility_n then_o in_o town_n ride_v forth_o above_o a_o league_n from_o the_o city_n to_o meet_v he_o with_o colour_n fly_v and_o kettle_n drum_v beat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o incredible_a crowd_n of_o people_n his_o eminence_n go_v direct_o to_o the_o castle_n and_o ascend_v into_o the_o room_n where_o the_o king_n body_n lie_v expose_v in_o his_o royal_a robe_n and_o have_v say_v a_o short_a prayer_n go_v to_o the_o queen_n apartment_n to_o condole_v her_o majesty_n he_o do_v the_o like_a to_o prince_n james_n and_o his_o brother_n and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n call_v a_o general_n diet_n to_o meet_v on_o the_o 29_o of_o august_n follow_v to_o choose_v a_o successor_n as_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n have_v make_v a_o great_a noise_n since_o that_o time_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v his_o character_n in_o this_o place_n he_o be_v of_o a_o very_a good_a family_n in_o poland_n and_o son_n to_o the_o famous_a radziousky_a who_o call_v in_o the_o swede_n under_o charles_n gustavus_n he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a part_n but_o somewhat_o obstinate_a pope_n innocent_a xi_o make_v he_o a_o cardinal_n without_o any_o other_o recommendation_n but_o his_o own_o merit_n the_o than_o king_n of_o poland_n though_o his_o relation_n nor_o the_o french_a king_n be_v please_v with_o his_o promotion_n though_o time_n have_v discover_v that_o his_o eminence_n be_v absolute_o in_o the_o interest_n of_o france_n he_o go_v to_o rome_n after_o the_o doath_z of_o innocent_a xi_o and_o be_v present_a at_o the_o choose_n of_o a_o new_a pope_n which_o fall_v on_o cardinal_n ottoboni_n he_o live_v like_o a_o prince_n and_o his_o magnificence_n and_o liberality_n acquire_v he_o a_o great_a many_o friend_n upon_o the_o 29_o of_o august_n the_o diet_n assemble_v with_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n and_o after_o the_o mass_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n have_v be_v celebrate_v by_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n they_o begin_v to_o talk_v of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o marshal_n or_o speaker_n of_o their_o assembly_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o many_o dispute_n the_o lesser_a poland_n pretend_v that_o it_o be_v her_o turn_n to_o have_v a_o mareshal_n choose_v out_o of_o her_o body_n and_o great_a poland_n put_v in_o the_o same_o claim_n but_o be_v inclinable_a to_o wave_v it_o the_o lithuanian_n oppose_v it_o pretend_v that_o the_o great_a poland_n be_v to_o take_v their_o turn_n now_o that_o lithuania_n may_v have_v they_o in_o the_o next_o diet_n and_o their_o dispute_n grow_v so_o high_a that_o people_n be_v afraid_a the_o diet_n will_v break_v up_o without_o come_v to_o any_o conclusion_n the_o bishop_n of_o posen_n think_v of_o a_o new_a way_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o controversy_n and_o come_v to_o the_o assembly_n in_o procession_n at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o clergy_n pretend_v to_o allay_v their_o heat_n by_o the_o charm_n of_o his_o benediction_n but_o this_o provoke_v the_o deputy_n who_o tell_v he_o in_o great_a scorn_n they_o be_v not_o possess_v and_o therefore_o have_v no_o need_n of_o his_o exorcism_n at_o last_o the_o
for_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o money_n that_o several_a candidate_n for_o their_o crown_n must_v needs_o bring_v into_o their_o kingdom_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o candidate_n begin_v to_o make_v party_n and_o notwithstanding_o the_o native_n of_o poland_n be_v exclude_v by_o a_o article_n of_o the_o association_n afore_o mention_v prince_n james_n and_o prince_n alexander_n his_o brother_n appear_v among_o the_o other_o who_o make_v interest_n for_o the_o throne_n they_o have_v for_o competitor_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n prince_n lewis_n of_o baden_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o lorrrain_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n will_v not_o appear_v and_o order_v his_o minister_n the_o abbot_n scarlati_fw-la to_o sollicit_v for_o prince_n james_n the_o division_n in_o the_o royal_a family_n be_v very_o favourable_a to_o foreign_a candidate_n but_o they_o be_v happy_o extinguish_v by_o the_o reconciliation_n of_o prince_n james_n with_o his_o mother_n and_o thereby_o their_o interest_n which_o be_v divide_v before_o be_v reunite_v and_o prince_n alexander_n quit_v his_o pretension_n the_o primate_n contribute_v much_o to_o this_o reconciliation_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o believe_v that_o he_o be_v not_o so_o deep_o engage_v in_o the_o interest_n of_o france_n as_o it_o be_v at_o first_o report_v and_o as_o it_o appear_v afterward_o prince_n james_n want_v neither_o merit_n nor_o money_n and_o yet_o by_o a_o unaccountable_a fatality_n he_o be_v not_o much_o belove_v by_o the_o pole_n though_o they_o have_v be_v witness_n of_o his_o valour_n in_o several_a rencounter_n it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o emperor_n will_v have_v declare_v for_o that_o prince_n because_o he_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v his_o imperial_a majesty_n brother-in-law_n but_o the_o imperial_a court_n be_v always_o upon_o the_o reserve_v and_o what_o happen_v in_o the_o election_n show_v that_o the_o emperor_n be_v engage_v for_o another_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n be_v certain_o endow_v with_o excellent_a quality_n and_o though_o he_o have_v not_o meet_v at_o the_o court_n of_o france_n the_o encouragement_n or_o reward_n he_o deserve_v and_o though_o the_o most_o christian_n king_n have_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o trust_v he_o with_o the_o command_n of_o his_o army_n yet_o all_o the_o world_n own_v that_o he_o be_v very_o worthy_a of_o that_o great_a employment_n and_o most_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o french_a king_n be_v afraid_a of_o his_o capacity_n whatever_o it_o be_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v no_o soon_o dead_a but_o the_o king_n of_o france_n think_v of_o promote_a the_o prince_n of_o conti_n to_o the_o throne_n and_o the_o abbot_n of_o polignac_n his_o minister_n in_o his_o speech_n to_o the_o diet_n that_o be_v in_o august_n magnify_v very_o much_o the_o zeal_n and_o affection_n the_o king_n his_o master_n have_v always_o have_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o give_v some_o hint_n to_o let_v they_o understand_v that_o his_o kindness_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o have_v choose_v a_o successor_n to_o their_o king_n worthy_a of_o their_o crown_n this_o be_v not_o express_v in_o plain_a term_n for_o it_o be_v not_o time_n to_o do_v it_o but_o he_o begin_v few_o day_n after_o his_o cabal_n and_o make_v use_v of_o such_o artifices_fw-la to_o render_v the_o royal_a family_n odious_a to_o the_o people_n that_o the_o queen_n be_v oblige_v to_o forbid_v he_o her_o presence_n and_o to_o complain_v of_o he_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o disow_v in_o public_a the_o conduct_n of_o his_o minister_n though_o likely_a it_o be_v approve_v in_o secret_n the_o french_a know_v that_o money_n be_v the_o best_a recommendation_n in_o poland_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n be_v persuade_v to_o sell_v or_o rather_o mortgage_v his_o estate_n and_o the_o french_a king_n remit_v vast_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o his_o minister_n which_o gain_v he_o so_o great_a a_o party_n that_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n think_v it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o think_v of_o prevent_v his_o election_n and_o therefore_o to_o redouble_v their_o intrigue_n if_o merit_n alone_o have_v be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v a_o prince_n to_o the_o throne_n of_o poland_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o prince_n lewis_n of_o baden_n will_v have_v carry_v the_o crown_n but_o his_o highness_n want_v money_n his_o party_n be_v so_o inconsiderable_a that_o when_o the_o election_n come_v on_o they_o be_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o as_o to_o the_o young_a duke_n of_o lorraine_n neither_o the_o great_a action_n of_o his_o father_n nor_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n to_o the_o senate_n be_v able_a to_o gain_v her_o friend_n enough_o to_o stand_v it_o out_o against_o prince_n james_n and_o prince_n of_o conti._n the_o winter_n be_v spend_v in_o intrigue_n and_o a_o great_a many_o libel_n come_v out_o upon_o the_o subject_a some_o write_n for_o prince_n james_n other_o for_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o other_o against_o both_o the_o nephew_n of_o prince_n sapieha_n be_v then_o at_o paris_n and_o have_v spend_v his_o money_n be_v arrest_v for_o debt_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n have_v notice_n thereof_o come_v himself_o to_o the_o prison_n pay_v all_o his_o debt_n and_o give_v he_o what_o money_n he_o want_v to_o return_v home_o this_o young_a gentleman_n be_v so_o sensible_a of_o the_o generosity_n of_o that_o prince_n and_o of_o the_o civility_n wherewith_o he_o have_v accompany_v that_o service_n that_o he_o proclaim_v it_o in_o poland_n and_o engage_v his_o uncle_n into_o his_o interest_n however_o prince_n james_n seem_v to_o have_v the_o strong_a party_n till_o the_o death_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n which_o happen_v on_o the_o 17_o of_o april_n 1697._o that_o prince_n who_o know_v what_o pretension_n the_o pole_n have_v upon_o livonia_n be_v against_o the_o election_n of_o any_o foreign_a prince_n but_o especial_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o republic_n be_v oblige_v to_o have_v a_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o recommendation_n of_o that_o prince_n it_o be_v believe_v prince_n james_n will_v have_v be_v elect_v for_o many_o of_o those_o who_o appear_v afterward_o against_o he_o seem_v the_o most_o zealous_a for_o his_o interest_n the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n draw_v nigh_o the_o queen_n think_v fit_a to_o remove_v a_o second_o time_n from_o warsaw_n to_o dantzick_n to_o avoid_v the_o trouble_n that_o be_v occasion_v by_o her_o presence_n in_o the_o last_o diet_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n prince_n james_n with_o count_n jablonowsky_n general_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o all_o the_o party_n of_o the_o emperor_n do_v their_o utmost_a to_o ruin_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o because_o they_o suspect_v the_o rebellion_n of_o the_o army_n to_o be_v foment_v and_o encourage_v by_o the_o french_a the_o queen_n give_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o crown-general_n to_o endeavour_v to_o break_v off_o their_o confederacy_n and_o thereupon_o a_o new_a negotiation_n be_v set_v on_o foot_n with_o the_o ringleader_n of_o the_o troop_n in_o which_o the_o account_n of_o their_o arrear_n be_v adjust_v between_o their_o own_o deputy_n and_o those_o of_o the_o republic_n and_o all_o other_o point_n be_v so_o far_o settle_v that_o every_o body_n think_v their_o confederacy_n at_o a_o end_n however_o the_o treaty_n break_v off_o at_o the_o instigation_n of_o one_o of_o their_o officer_n who_o spread_v in_o the_o army_n that_o the_o crown-general_n have_v declare_v that_o he_o will_v cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o their_o general_n and_o of_o some_o other_o whereupon_o they_o declare_v they_o will_v hearken_v to_o no_o accommodation_n and_o baronowsky_n publish_v a_o manifesto_n contain_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o army_n for_o continue_v in_o this_o confederacy_n and_o resolve_v to_o take_v up_o their_o quarter_n in_o great_a poland_n and_o royal_a prussia_n the_o deputy_n of_o the_o republic_n at_o leopold_n upon_o examination_n of_o the_o say_v manifesto_n declare_v that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n adjudge_v it_o a_o act_n of_o rebellion_n and_o publish_a a_o decree_n by_o which_o they_o declare_v the_o confederated_a troop_n rebel_n and_o enemy_n to_o their_o country_n this_o declaration_n fright_v most_o of_o the_o troop_n and_o dispose_v they_o to_o demand_v another_o conference_n with_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o in_o short_a they_o make_v their_o submission_n to_o the_o crown-general_n on_o the_o 11_o of_o may_n 1697_o in_o the_o great_a church_n of_o the_o bernardin_n at_o lemberg_n baronowsky_n mareshal_n of_o the_o confederate_n beg_v pardon_n with_o a_o audible_a voice_n at_o the_o general_n be_v foot_n touch_v the_o footstool_n of_o his_o seat_n with_o his_o forehead_n and_o kiss_v his_o foot_n under_o which_o he_o
antoninus_n pius_n take_v a_o great_a care_n to_o defend_v the_o empire_n than_o enlarge_v its_o bound_n and_o as_o to_o marcus_n antoninus_n the_o philosopher_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o compass_n the_o design_n he_o have_v of_o reduce_v sarmatia_n into_o a_o province_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n maximin_n have_v no_o better_a success_n against_o they_o and_o since_o his_o time_n the_o empire_n decline_v apace_o till_o probus_n revive_v their_o spirit_n again_o this_o great_a man_n subdue_v the_o german_n and_o give_v the_o sarmatian_n so_o many_o overthrow_v that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o territory_n they_o have_v usurp_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o predecessor_n they_o be_v again_o defeat_v by_o dioclesian_n and_o constantius_n but_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o they_o become_v subject_n to_o the_o roman_n valentinian_n defeat_v they_o some_o time_n after_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v pannoma_n and_o moesia_n and_o retire_v into_o their_o own_o country_n and_o begin_v to_o form_n a_o commonwealth_n under_o lochus_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 550._o they_o have_v preserve_v their_o liberty_n ever_o since_o though_o they_o have_v be_v often_o reduce_v to_o great_a extremity_n but_o they_o never_o pay_v tribute_n to_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n it_o be_v true_a that_o their_o king_n michael_n wieznowisky_n have_v the_o weakness_n to_o agree_v to_o pay_v a_o yearly_o tribute_n to_o the_o turk_n but_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n refuse_v to_o ratify_v the_o treaty_n and_o bold_o assert_v their_o right_n and_o liberty_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o john_n sobiesky_n grand_a mareshal_n of_o the_o crown_n who_o be_v afterward_o elect_v king_n and_o force_v the_o turk_n to_o renounce_v the_o pretend_a tribute_n that_o michael_n have_v promise_v they_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n be_v so_o numerous_a and_o brave_a that_o it_o seem_v moral_o impossible_a to_o conquer_v their_o country_n so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v well_o unite_v and_o the_o surprise_v progress_n of_o charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o in_o three_o month_n time_n conquer_a almost_o that_o kingdom_n signify_v nothing_o in_o this_o case_n for_o that_o prince_n be_v call_v in_o by_o some_o of_o the_o polander_n themselves_o and_o the_o other_o will_v not_o fight_v for_o their_o king_n the_o precipitate_v retreat_n of_o the_o swede_n when_o the_o pole_n return_v to_o their_o duty_n show_v how_o little_a they_o be_v able_a to_o conquer_v poland_n but_o i_o leave_v off_o this_o subject_a to_o speak_v a_o word_n as_o to_o this_o book_n the_o first_o part_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n in_o respect_n to_o its_o neighbour_n of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o their_o king_n of_o their_o diet_n custom_n manner_n ceremony_n religion_n coin_n etc._n etc._n be_v owing_n to_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n who_o have_v reside_v many_o year_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o who_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o merit_n as_o well_o as_o character_n can_v better_o inform_v himself_o of_o the_o matter_n he_o treat_v of_o than_o man_n of_o ordinary_a birth_n and_o capacity_n the_o appendix_n contain_v a_o chronological_a abridgement_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n some_o far_a remark_n on_o the_o government_n of_o that_o kingdom_n the_o instrument_n of_o the_o abdication_n of_o king_n john_n casimire_n the_o rise_v progress_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o socinian_o be_v partly_o abstract_v from_o history_n and_o private_a memoires_n of_o person_n that_o may_v be_v depend_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o late_a interregnum_fw-la and_o the_o election_n of_o frederick_n augustus_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o best_a intelligence_n that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o have_v from_o poland_n consider_v the_o confusion_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o country_n and_o the_o pretension_n of_o the_o competitor_n be_v state_v and_o relate_v as_o they_o have_v be_v communicate_v by_o the_o eye-witness_n of_o those_o transaction_n the_o content_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n and_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n p._n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o division_n of_o poland_n into_o province_n p._n 4_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n with_o respect_n to_o its_o neighbour_n and_o of_o the_o various_a success_n of_o the_o war_n in_o which_o it_o have_v be_v engage_v with_o they_o p._n 12_o chap._n iv_o of_o the_o tartar_n their_o manner_n of_o fight_v their_o original_a division_n of_o their_o country_n manner_n and_o history_n of_o their_o action_n and_o how_o they_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o turk_n p._n 27_o chap._n v._o of_o ukrania_n and_o the_o cossack_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o livonian_o p._n 37_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n p._n 76_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n p._n 81_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o senate_n in_o general_n p._n 97_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o senate_n a_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o the_o bishop_n p._n 98_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o palatine_n castellan_n and_o officer_n of_o state_n who_o be_v senator_n p._n 107_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n p._n 113_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o officer_n who_o be_v not_o senator_n p._n 118_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la p._n 120_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n p._n 124_o chap._n xv._o of_o the_o diet_n in_o general_n p._n 128_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n p._n 137_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n p._n 144_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la or_o the_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n p._n 147_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o king_n coronation_n p._n 153_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o queen_n of_o poland_n p._n 161_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o polish_v army_n p._n 164_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o estate_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 174_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o custom_n humour_n and_o inclination_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 184_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o their_o religion_n p._n 191_o chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n p._n 194_o chap._n xxvi_o their_o marriage_n and_o funeral_n p._n 196_o chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o diet_n and_o entertainment_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 200_o chap._n xxviii_o their_o way_n of_o travel_v p._n 205_o chap._n xxix_o of_o the_o polish_v money_n p._n 209._o a_o chronological_a abridgement_n of_o the_o history_n of_o poland_n p._n 212._o a_o panegyrical_n character_n of_o the_o last_o king_n john_n iii_o with_o a_o account_n of_o his_o principal_a action_n and_o death_n p._n 221_o further_a remark_n on_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o extraordinary_a care_n they_o take_v of_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n p._n 223._o the_o form_n of_o king_n casimire_n abdication_n p._n 225._o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o state_n publish_v on_o that_o cecasion_n p._n 228._o the_o rise_n of_o socinianism_n in_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o that_o sect._n p._n 230_o edict_n of_o king_n sigismond_n against_o the_o socinian_o p._n 233._o edict_n of_o king_n john_n casimire_n against_o they_o p._n 236._o a_o letter_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o socinian_o p._n 238._o a_o petition_n of_o the_o socinian_o send_v some_o year_n ago_o into_o england_n represent_v brief_o their_o miserable_a condition_n p._n 248._o where_o now_o settle_a p._n 250._o account_v of_o the_o late_a interregnum_fw-la and_o election_n of_o the_o present_a king_n with_o some_o further_a remark_n on_o the_o late_a king_n and_o a_o short_a character_n of_o the_o several_a candidate_n for_o that_o crown_n p._n 251_o the_o proposal_n make_v by_o the_o baron_n de_fw-fr fleming_n in_o behalf_n of_o his_o master_n the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n p._n 274._o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la sworn_n to_o by_o the_o baron_n de_fw-fr fleming_n in_o the_o great_a church_n of_o warsaw_n p._n 278_o a_o great_a embassy_n appoint_v to_o go_v and_o offer_v the_o crown_n to_o the_o elector_n with_o the_o remarkable_a speech_n of_o the_o first_o ambassador_n on_o that_o occasion_n p._n 281._o the_o king_n speech_n to_o the_o nobility_n assemble_v to_o congratulate_v he_o p._n 288._o his_o coronation_n p._n 293._o the_o prince_n of_o conty_n arrival_n at_o dantzick_n etc._n etc._n p._n 295_o the_o present_a state_n of_o poland_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n and_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n poland_n be_v a_o republic_n compose_v of_o two_o estate_n the_o crown_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n the_o crown_n be_v proper_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n be_v unite_v to_o it_o in_o the_o
be_v only_o the_o royal_a prussia_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o province_n of_o poland_n and_o even_o though_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o republic_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o law_n and_o enjoy_v particular_a privilege_n they_o have_v a_o peculiar_a treasury_n and_o a_o treasurer_n and_o when_o the_o king_n summon_v the_o arrierban_n the_o nobility_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o go_v beyond_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o palatinate_n culm_n marienburg_n and_o pomerania_n it_o be_v chief_a city_n be_v thorn_n upon_o the_o vistula_n elbing_n a_o league_n from_o frischlaff_n and_o dantzic_n which_o be_v the_o most_o considerable_a of_o they_o all_o and_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o pomerania_n which_o comprehend_v all_o the_o country_n westward_o of_o the_o vistula_n to_o the_o confine_n of_o germany_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o prussia_n the_o wave_n of_o the_o sea_n cast_v amber_n upon_o the_o shore_n which_o the_o fisherman_n take_v up_o in_o net_n it_o be_v soft_a at_o first_o but_o soon_o after_o grow_v so_o hard_a that_o it_o may_v be_v turn_v or_o engrave_v and_o cut_v into_o all_o sort_n of_o figure_n it_o be_v also_o find_v in_o certain_a great_a lake_n in_o the_o same_o province_n especial_o in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o warmia_n there_o be_v also_o many_o lake_n that_o abound_v with_o fish_n almost_o in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o country_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o marienburg_n there_o be_v the_o lake_n of_o drausen_n which_o send_v forth_o the_o river_n elbing_n that_o discharge_v itself_o in_o the_o frischaff_n which_o be_v a_o bay_n or_o gulf_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n about_o twenty_o league_n in_o length_n and_o two_o in_o breadth_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o pomerania_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n betwixt_o konicz_n and_o schochaw_n which_o be_v seven_o league_n long_o and_o five_o broad_a and_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o river_n bro_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o vâ—stula_n about_o four_o league_n above_o culm_n there_o be_v also_o three_o other_o almost_o as_o large_a as_o the_o former_a in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n near_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n and_o both_o the_o palatinate_n of_o culm_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o warmia_n be_v so_o full_a of_o lake_n that_o it_o will_v be_v almost_o a_o endless_a labour_n to_o mention_v every_o one_o of_o they_o particular_o massovia_n have_v prussia_n on_o the_o north_n little_a poland_n on_o the_o south_n podlassia_n on_o the_o east_n and_o great_a poland_n on_o the_o west_n the_o vistula_n and_o the_o bugg_n be_v the_o principal_a river_n that_o water_n it_o this_o province_n begin_v to_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n by_o ziemowit_n who_o be_v prince_n thereof_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o casimir_n the_o great_a but_o the_o union_n be_v not_o full_o perfect_v till_o the_o death_n of_o the_o duke_n john_n and_o stanislaus_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n i._o anno_fw-la 1526._o it_o contain_v only_o one_o palatinate_n which_o former_o take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o town_n of_o czersk_n but_o be_v now_o call_v after_o the_o name_n of_o the_o province_n samogitia_n or_o samojedia_n which_o be_v a_o dependency_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n be_v border_v by_o courland_n on_o the_o north_n the_o river_n niemen_n on_o the_o south_n lithuania_n on_o the_o east_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o west_n the_o christian_a religion_n be_v introduce_v into_o this_o country_n anno_fw-la 1413_o by_o the_o pious_a care_n of_o king_n jagellon_n who_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o instruct_v those_o people_n himself_o because_o they_o can_v not_o understand_v the_o polish_v priest_n the_o chief_a town_n in_o samogitia_n be_v rosienia_n on_o the_o river_n dubissa_n and_o miednich_n there_o be_v no_o palatinate_n here_o but_o the_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a starosty_n or_o government_n of_o castle_n and_o the_o first_o starosta_n be_v a_o senator_n since_o courland_n depend_v upon_o poland_n and_o be_v the_o frontier_n of_o samogitia_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v a_o short_a account_n of_o it_o here_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n courland_n and_o semigallia_n the_o river_n dzwina_n separate_v it_o from_o livonia_n on_o the_o north_n it_o be_v bound_v with_o samogitia_n on_o the_o south_n lithuania_n on_o the_o east_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o west_n this_o country_n have_v be_v subject_a to_o a_o prince_n who_o be_v a_o vassal_n and_o feudatory_a of_o poland_n since_o the_o year_n 1561_o that_o godfrey_n ketlâ—r_n great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n in_o livonia_n have_v voluntary_o resign_v his_o office_n put_v all_o livonia_n with_o the_o town_n of_o riga_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o province_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o nicholas_n radziwill_n in_o the_o name_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n who_o give_v he_o courland_n and_o semigallis_n which_o be_v then_o reckon_v part_n of_o liuâ—ia_n on_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v remain_v a_o vassal_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o city_n of_o mittauw_n in_o sâ—â—â—â—â—ita_n be_v at_o present_a the_o metropolis_n of_o that_o little_a state_n and_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o duke_n upper_a volhinia_n reach_v from_o polesia_n on_o the_o north_n to_o upper_a pâ—dâ—ia_n on_o the_o south_n and_o from_o low_a volbinia_n on_o the_o east_n to_o black_a russia_n on_o the_o west_n it_o be_v chief_a city_n be_v lucko_n or_o lusuck_n or_o luceowia_fw-la on_o the_o river_n stir_v and_o kremienice_n which_o be_v situate_v upon_o a_o eminence_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n izwa_fw-mi about_o eight_o league_n from_o luceowia_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n the_o province_n of_o podlachia_n which_o be_v unite_v to_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1569_o be_v bound_v by_o lithuania_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o massovia_n towards_o the_o west_n it_o be_v ten_o league_n broad_a and_o thirty_o league_n long_o it_o be_v chief_a city_n be_v augustow_v and_o biclsk_v which_o give_v name_n to_o a_o palatinate_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n with_o respect_n to_o its_o neighbour_n and_o of_o the_o various_a success_n of_o the_o war_n in_o which_o it_o have_v be_v engage_v with_o '_o they_o poland_n reach_v heretofore_o from_o the_o black_a sea_n to_o the_o baltic_a and_o from_o 〈◊〉_d to_o hungary_n but_o as_o all_o the_o state_n in_o the_o world_n be_v subject_a to_o great_a and_o frequent_a revolution_n poland_n have_v have_v its_o share_n in_o the_o general_a calamity_n and_o be_v at_o present_a confine_v within_o much_o narrow_a bound_n for_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o general_a that_o every_o republic_n be_v look_v upon_o by_o its_o neighbour_n as_o a_o country_n which_o they_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o right_a to_o invade_v and_o the_o same_o remark_n may_v in_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n be_v apply_v to_o poland_n both_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o manner_n and_o constitution_n of_o its_o government_n and_o the_o insatiable_a ambition_n of_o all_o its_o neighbour_n of_o which_o the_o turk_n tartar_n and_o moscovite_n be_v most_o formidable_a it_o be_v long_a since_o the_o turk_n dismember_a valachia_n and_o moldavia_n from_o this_o kingdom_n and_o afterward_o the_o cossack_n be_v oppress_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o restrain_v from_o their_o wont_a piracy_n on_o the_o black_a sea_n resolve_v to_o shake_v off_o a_o yoke_n which_o they_o can_v no_o long_o bear_v and_o by_o that_o mean_n give_v the_o turk_n a_o opportunity_n to_o invade_v vbrania_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n michael_n and_o to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o caminiec_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o upper_a podolia_n and_o the_o only_a place_n of_o strength_n which_o the_o polander_n have_v upon_o that_o frontier_n that_o fatal_a war_n continue_v after_o the_o death_n of_o k._n michael_n and_o disturb_v the_o reign_n of_o his_o successor_n john_n iii_n till_o the_o polander_n be_v at_o last_o constrain_v to_o make_v a_o peace_n at_o zurawno_n in_o pokutia_n for_o the_o army_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n be_v so_o numerous_a and_o formidable_a that_o year_n that_o it_o consist_v of_o above_o 180000_o effective_a man_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o of_o the_o polander_n be_v so_o weak_a that_o they_o can_v not_o bring_v above_o 12000_o man_n into_o the_o field_n because_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o force_n of_o lithuania_n who_o be_v draw_v together_o near_o leopold_n under_o prince_n michael_n of_o radziwill_n their_o general_n but_o can_v not_o join_v the_o grand_a army_n because_o the_o infidel_n have_v block_v up_o all_o the_o avenue_n to_o the_o camp_n so_o that_o the_o general_n be_v oblige_v to_o continue_v at_o leopold_n with_o the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr bethune_n and_o the_o l._n hide_v ambassador_n from_o the_o k._n
of_o england_n expect_v the_o issue_n either_o of_o a_o peace_n or_o of_o a_o battle_n soon_o after_o a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v with_o the_o turk_n of_o which_o the_o king_n immediate_o send_v a_o account_n to_o prince_n michael_n of_o radziwill_n order_v he_o to_o communicate_v the_o news_n with_o all_o speed_n to_o the_o queen_n who_o remain_v at_o janowiecs_n upon_o the_o vistula_n over_o against_o casimir_n by_o this_o peace_n the_o polander_n yield_v up_o podolia_n and_o vkrania_n which_o be_v the_o best_a country_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o dominion_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o fat_a and_o fertile_a that_o they_o never_o dung_n it_o and_o though_o they_o sow_v it_o but_o once_o in_o two_o year_n it_o yield_v a_o plentiful_a harvest_n of_o corn_n every_o year_n asparagus_n grow_v in_o the_o untilled_a field_n and_o the_o forest_n be_v full_a of_o tree_n which_o bear_v excellent_a fruit._n and_o beside_o the_o loss_n of_o vkrania_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o considerable_a because_o it_o produce_v abundance_n of_o salt-petre_a to_o make_v powder_n which_o the_o polander_n stand_v more_o in_o need_n of_o than_o any_o other_o nation_n because_o their_o country_n lie_v open_a on_o all_o side_n and_o by_o consequence_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o incursion_n of_o many_o enemy_n this_o be_v the_o last_o and_o the_o great_a loss_n that_o poland_n have_v sustain_v in_o its_o war_n with_o the_o port_n so_o that_o the_o kingdom_n be_v now_o bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o black_a russia_n as_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n have_v a_o irreconcilable_a aversion_n to_o the_o polander_n because_o of_o the_o great_a difference_n of_o their_o religion_n which_o make_v they_o look_v upon_o one_o another_o as_o beast_n the_o moscovite_n be_v no_o less_o enemy_n to_o the_o republic_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n or_o rather_o contrariety_n both_o of_o their_o inclination_n and_o religion_n for_o all_o the_o moscovite_n be_v schismatical_a greek_n and_o the_o polander_n be_v general_o roman-catholic_n in_o the_o last_o war_n that_o be_v kind_a i_o will_v betwixt_o these_o nation_n the_o muscovite_n take_v from_o the_o polander_n the_o dutchy_n or_o palatinate_n of_o smolensko_n siberia_n and_o czernichowia_fw-la which_o belong_v to_o lithuania_n beside_o that_o of_o kiowia_fw-la the_o poslession_n of_o which_o be_v only_o grant_v to_o they_o by_o a_o truce_n and_o not_o by_o any_o treaty_n of_o peace_n so_o that_o the_o polander_n may_v one_o day_n endeavour_v to_o recover_v these_o province_n but_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v at_o present_a in_o a_o condition_n to_o make_v good_a their_o pretension_n that_o they_o prolong_v the_o truce_n with_o the_o muscovite_n from_o time_n to_o time_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o management_n of_o the_o war_n and_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o nation_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o polander_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o muscovite_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o french_a in_o regard_n to_o the_o spaniard_n for_o as_o the_o spaniard_n be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o french_a in_o the_o field_n the_o polander_n have_v the_o same_o advantage_n over_o the_o muscovite_n when_o they_o be_v not_o entrench_v even_o though_o their_o army_n be_v much_o more_o numerous_a but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n as_o nature_n have_v give_v the_o latter_a less_o courage_n she_o have_v make_v they_o superior_a to_o the_o other_o in_o subtlety_n and_o cunning._n i_o may_v allege_v several_a instance_n to_o confirm_v and_o illustrate_v this_o truth_n but_o i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1581._o king_n steven_n battori_n have_v reduce_v the_o muscovite_n to_o such_o a_o straight_o that_o they_o solicit_v he_o for_o a_o peace_n which_o not_o be_v able_a to_o obtain_v of_o that_o prince_n upon_o the_o condition_n they_o desire_v they_o entreat_v the_o pope_n to_o intercede_v in_o their_o behalf_n so_o true_a it_o be_v that_o they_o be_v ready_a upon_o all_o occasion_n to_o have_v recourse_n to_o artifices_fw-la and_o leave_v no_o mean_n unattempted_a to_o accomplish_v the_o design_n which_o they_o can_v execute_v by_o force_n for_o though_o as_o i_o intimate_v before_o they_o be_v all_o schismatical_a greek_n and_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o pope_n to_o be_v the_o head_n of_o their_o church_n yet_o in_o their_o necessity_n they_o scruple_v not_o to_o implore_v his_o assistance_n and_o even_o give_v he_o some_o reason_n to_o hope_v that_o they_o may_v be_v prevail_v with_o to_o embrace_v the_o catholic_n faith_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o pope_n give_v so_o much_o credit_n to_o their_o insinuation_n that_o he_o immediate_o dispatch_v anthony_n possevin_n to_o muscovy_n and_o the_o great_a duke_n receive_v he_o with_o so_o many_o mark_n of_o a_o sincere_a affection_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v real_o resolve_v to_o become_v a_o convert_n but_o this_o be_v only_o a_o artifice_n to_o amuse_v the_o pope_n that_o by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o nuncio_n he_o may_v obtain_v either_o a_o peace_n or_o a_o truce_n as_o he_o real_o do_v for_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o advantage_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v over_o the_o muscovite_n he_o grant_v they_o a_o truce_n for_o ten_o year_n and_o restore_v all_o that_o he_o have_v take_v from_o they_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n yield_v up_o to_o he_o at_o the_o same_o time_n all_o that_o he_o possess_v in_o livonia_n but_o it_o will_v not_o appear_v so_o surprise_v that_o the_o muscovite_n shall_v solicit_v the_o mediation_n of_o the_o pope_n if_o we_o reflect_v upon_o the_o scandalous_a method_n they_o take_v to_o beg_v the_o grand_a signior_n assistance_n against_o vladislaus_n iv_o king_n of_o poland_n during_o the_o war_n in_o which_o they_o be_v engage_v with_o that_o prince_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n anno_fw-la 1633._o during_o my_o long_a abode_n in_o lithuania_n which_o border_n upon_o muscovy_n i_o be_v confirm_v in_o my_o former_a opinion_n concern_v the_o artificial_a conduct_n of_o the_o muscovite_n by_o the_o many_o instance_n which_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n relate_v of_o the_o ungenerous_a subtlety_n of_o their_o troublesome_a neighbour_n i_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o muscovite_n never_o invade_v poland_n but_o when_o they_o see_v it_o engage_v in_o other_o war_n and_o the_o force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n employ_v elsewhere_o the_o muscovite_n have_v entertain_v a_o uninterrupted_a peace_n with_o the_o polander_n after_o the_o treaty_n conclude_v with_o king_n vladislaus_n iv_o in_o the_o year_n 1634._o by_o which_o they_o yield_v up_o to_o he_o the_o dutchy_n of_o siberia_n and_o czernichovia_n with_o all_o the_o land_n that_o lie_v within_o the_o space_n of_o one_o hundred_o mile_n beyond_o those_o country_n yet_o contrary_a to_o the_o express_a article_n of_o a_o treaty_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o firm_o establish_v as_o soon_o as_o they_o hear_v of_o the_o irruption_n of_o the_o swede_n into_o poland_n in_o 1655._o they_o enter_v into_o lithuania_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 60000_o man_n and_o take_v the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o vilna_n but_o though_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o conduct_v of_o the_o muscovite_n with_o respect_n to_o their_o neighbour_n resemble_v that_o of_o the_o spaniard_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o their_o temper_n and_o character_n be_v very_o different_a for_o the_o spaniard_n be_v civil_a and_o humane_a and_o the_o muscovite_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v general_o rude_a and_o unpolished_a and_o extreme_o cruel_a as_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o follow_a example_n king_n john_n casimir_n have_v conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n march_v into_o lithuania_n with_o his_o whole_a army_n and_o retake_v the_o city_n of_o vilna_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n but_o the_o castle_n make_v a_o obstinate_a defence_n because_o the_o muscovite_n who_o command_v in_o it_o be_v so_o cruel_a that_o no_o man_n dare_v talk_v of_o surrender_v nevertheless_o this_o be_v not_o the_o most_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o his_o cruelty_n for_o he_o order_v one_o of_o his_o prisoner_n who_o be_v a_o priest_n to_o be_v put_v into_o a_o great_a mortar_n and_o shoot_v into_o the_o air_n as_o a_o bomb._n however_o the_o castle_n be_v at_o last_o reduce_v by_o mean_n of_o some_o foreign_a officer_n who_o find_v themselves_o press_v by_o the_o polander_n and_o fear_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v no_o capitulation_n allow_v they_o seize_v the_o governor_n and_o put_v he_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o cause_v his_o head_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o because_o of_o his_o cruelty_n to_o the_o priest_n and_o when_o they_o want_v a_o hangman_n to_o perform_v the_o execution_n his_o own_o cook_n offer_v to_o do_v it_o with_o his_o chopping-knife_n add_v that_o he_o be_v
of_o his_o bishopric_n but_o that_o prelate_n resolve_v to_o maintain_v the_o honour_n and_o interest_n of_o his_o country_n and_o be_v equal_o proof_n against_o promise_n and_o threaten_n reply_v that_o he_o be_v sensible_a their_o master_n deserve_v a_o crown_n but_o that_o he_o can_v not_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o lithuania_n without_o violate_v the_o oath_n he_o have_v take_v touch_v the_o union_n of_o that_o state_n with_o poland_n and_o therefore_o he_o advise_v he_o to_o lay_v aside_o that_o pernicious_a design_n which_o will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v either_o honourable_a or_o advantageous_a to_o he_o that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o eternal_a reproach_n to_o he_o and_o will_v hasten_v the_o ruin_n of_o his_o country_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o flatter_v himself_o with_o think_v that_o the_o german_n and_o teutonic_n knight_n will_v be_v his_o faithful_a ally_n since_o they_o be_v irreconcilable_a enemy_n both_o to_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o polander_n that_o their_o only_a design_n be_v to_o weaken_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o and_o of_o most_o firm_o unite_a friend_n as_o they_o be_v to_o make_v they_o become_v mortal_a enemy_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o execute_v their_o design_n upon_o those_o two_o nation_n and_o make_v they_o the_o instrument_n of_o their_o own_o ruin_n that_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n can_v not_o forbear_v discover_v his_o treacherous_a intention_n declare_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o ostentation_n that_o he_o have_v cast_v a_o bone_n between_o two_o dog_n that_o they_o may_v worry_v one-another_o vitold_v be_v so_o mortify_v with_o this_o answer_n that_o his_o grief_n throw_v he_o into_o a_o fit_a of_o sickness_n and_o his_o death_n which_o follow_v soon_o after_o break_v the_o measure_n which_o sigismond_n have_v take_v to_o disunite_v lithuania_n from_o poland_n i_o have_v insist_v the_o long_a upon_o this_o story_n to_o show_v that_o after_o the_o german_n have_v take_v silesia_n from_o the_o polander_n they_o be_v still_o form_v new_a project_n to_o weaken_v '_o they_o and_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v also_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o terrible_a consequence_n of_o the_o mistake_a politics_n of_o some_o prince_n who_o intrust_v their_o subject_n with_o too_o large_a a_o share_n in_o the_o government_n for_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o a_o excessive_a kindness_n to_o his_o uncle_n this_o excellent_a king_n be_v in_o danger_n of_o lose_v both_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n by_o the_o peace_n conclude_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o oliva_n near_o dantzick_n the_o three_o of_o may_n 1660_o of_o which_o the_o french_a king_n be_v guarantee_n the_o polander_n yield_v up_o livonia_n to_o the_o swede_n and_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o ducal_z prussia_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o as_o for_o silesia_n it_o be_v so_o long_a since_o they_o lose_v it_o that_o they_o think_v no_o more_o of_o recover_v it_o for_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v one_o of_o their_o peculiar_a quality_n to_o lose_v the_o remembrance_n of_o their_o loss_n thus_o poland_n be_v at_o present_a border_v on_o the_o north_n with_o livonia_n and_o muscovy_n on_o the_o south_n with_o upper_a hungary_n and_o transylvania_n on_o the_o east_n with_o vkrania_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o dutchy_n or_o palatinate_n of_o smolensko_n siberia_n czernichowia_fw-la and_o kiowia_fw-la which_o be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o muscovite_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o sitesia_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n since_o i_o observe_v that_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o cossack_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o all_o vkrania_n and_o bring_v the_o tartar_n into_o poland_n i_o must_v in_o the_o next_o place_n take_v a_o short_a view_n of_o those_o two_o nation_n and_o first_o of_o the_o tartar_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o tartar_n it_o be_v observe_v of_o this_o warlike_a and_o barbarous_a nation_n that_o they_o never_o fight_v in_o rank_n and_o that_o in_o their_o flight_n they_o shoot_v arrow_n behind_o they_o that_o their_o poverty_n and_o their_o swiftness_n make_v they_o in_o a_o manner_n invincible_a and_o that_o they_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v bear_v to_o pillage_n and_o impoverish_v their_o neighbour_n they_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o great_a tartar_n of_o asia_n and_o leave_v mount_n imaus_n beyond_o the_o caspian_a sea_n in_o the_o year_n 1188._o extend_v themselves_o along_o the_o volga_n the_o tanais_n and_o the_o neighbour_a place_n and_o in_o that_o peninsala_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v taurica_n chersonesus_n and_o which_o be_v now_o call_v the_o crim._n this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v and_o have_v be_v know_v by_o divers_a name_n for_o those_o who_o inhabit_v the_o peninsula_n be_v call_v crim_n tartar_n those_o who_o extend_v themselves_o to_o the_o river_n don_n or_o tanais_n which_o come_v from_o muscovy_n and_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n be_v call_v nogais_n and_o both_o of_o they_o be_v call_v petty_a tartar_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o great_a tartar_n of_o asia_n the_o crim_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o northern_a and_o the_o southern_a the_o latter_a be_v cut_v through_o the_o middle_n by_o very_o high_a and_o almost_o inaccessible_a mountain_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o this_o peninsula_n be_v caffa_n which_o be_v a_o considerable_a port_n on_o the_o black_a sea_n to_o the_o eastward_o which_o mahomet_n the_o emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n take_v from_o the_o genoese_a in_o the_o year_n 1475._o the_o whole_a peninsula_n be_v but_o 78_o league_n in_o length_n and_o 40_o in_o breadth_n it_o be_v border_v with_o the_o palus_n sukamorzi_n towards_o the_o north_n the_o black_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n and_o west_n the_o palus_n maeotis_n and_o the_o cimmerian_a bosphorus_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o circassia_n towards_o the_o east_n it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o continent_n by_o a_o very_a narrow_a isthmus_n towards_o the_o north_n near_o the_o town_n of_o precop_n after_o the_o year_n 1188_o when_o the_o tartar_n come_v into_o that_o peninsula_n it_o continue_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o one_o sovereign_n independent_a from_o the_o grand_a signior_n but_o as_o division_n among_o prince_n be_v frequent_o the_o occasion_n of_o their_o ruin_n so_o the_o crim_n become_v subject_a to_o the_o turk_n by_o the_o animosity_n that_o happen_v betwixt_o two_o brother_n for_o machmetkirey_n chan_n of_o the_o crim_n tartar_n the_o ally_n and_o friend_n of_o the_o turk_n have_v two_o brother_n who_o revolt_v against_o he_o but_o not_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o resist_v he_o they_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o stephen_n battori_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o machmetkirey_n after_o he_o have_v several_a time_n in_o vain_a demand_v they_o of_o that_o king_n pray_v amurath_n emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n to_o require_v they_o in_o his_o own_o name_n the_o grand_a signior_n comply_v with_o his_o request_n and_o prevail_v with_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o send_v they_o to_o constantinople_n with_o a_o ambassador_n to_o assist_v at_o the_o circumcision_n of_o his_o son_n but_o when_o amurath_n have_v those_o two_o prince_n in_o his_o power_n instead_o of_o restore_v they_o to_o machmetkirey_n their_o brother_n he_o resolve_v to_o retain_v they_o as_o hostage_n for_o his_o fidelity_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n to_o keep_v he_o in_o a_o perpetual_a dependence_n upon_o the_o port._n the_o grand_a signior_n be_v at_o that_o time_n engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o persian_n he_o desire_v the_o cham_n of_o tartary_n to_o assist_v the_o turk_n in_o asia_n and_o upon_o that_o condition_n promise_v to_o deliver_v up_o his_o brother_n upon_o this_o assurance_n machmetkirey_n march_v ed_z from_o tartary_n with_o a_o powerful_a army_n in_o order_n to_o assist_v he_o but_o understanding_n as_o he_o be_v pass_v through_o mingrelia_n that_o the_o turk_n be_v total_o rout_v by_o the_o persian_n he_o march_v back_o to_o his_o own_o country_n where_o he_o expect_v to_o find_v his_o brother_n but_o perceive_v that_o amurath_n have_v disappoint_v he_o he_o be_v so_o enrage_v that_o the_o grand_a signior_n be_v force_v to_o appease_v he_o with_o present_n and_o to_o send_v ambassador_n to_o make_v his_o excuse_n for_o not_o perform_v his_o promise_n pretend_v that_o he_o be_v afraid_a to_o send_v back_o the_o two_o prince_n in_o his_o absence_n lest_o they_o shall_v have_v raise_v some_o disturbance_n and_o assure_v he_o that_o he_o will_v put_v they_o very_o speedy_o into_o his_o hand_n not_o long_o after_o these_o two_o prince_n make_v their_o escape_n from_o constantinople_n and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o some_o other_o tartar_n and_o of_o the_o muscovite_n raise_v a_o new_a war_n against_o their_o brother_n which_o oblige_v machmetkirey_n to_o demand_v succour_n of_o amurath_n who_o promise_v to_o furnish_v he_o with_o some_o troop_n but_o send_v
this_o place_n he_o find_v the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n join_v together_o who_o he_o attack_v and_o fight_v for_o three_o day_n together_o during_o which_o time_n the_o battle_n be_v very_o obstinate_a on_o both_o side_n but_o at_o last_o the_o polish_v army_n obtain_v a_o entire_a victory_n over_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n and_o put_v chemelnski_n and_o the_o cham_n who_o command_v in_o person_n to_o flight_n this_o deseat_n oblige_v chemelnski_n to_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o poland_n which_o be_v conclude_v sept._n 28._o 1651_o but_o last_v not_o long_o for_o soon_o after_o the_o cossack_n be_v enrage_v by_o the_o insolency_n of_o the_o polish_v nobility_n and_o fear_v to_o fall_v again_o into_o their_o ancient_a bondage_n attack_v the_o army_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o total_o rout_v it_o i_o observe_v before_o that_o chemelnski_n have_v always_o the_o policy_n to_o enter_v into_o a_o alliance_n with_o such_o prince_n who_o be_v best_a able_a to_o support_v he_o in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o maxim_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o understand_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v make_v a_o peace_n with_o poland_n not_o dare_v to_o rely_v upon_o his_o own_o single_a strength_n he_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o and_o make_v a_o league_n with_o they_o which_o cost_v the_o polander_n the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n which_o the_o muscovite_n take_v the_o same_o year_n chemelnski_n die_v anno_fw-la 1658_o the_o cossack_n choose_v one_o vihowski_n for_o their_o general_n and_o threaten_v that_o they_o will_v put_v themselves_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o turk_n or_o the_o d._n of_o muscovy_n if_o the_o republic_n will_v not_o grant_v all_o that_o they_o demand_v upon_o which_o king_n john_n casimir_n consider_v that_o it_o will_v be_v equal_o disadvantageous_a to_o his_o kingdom_n whether_o they_o submit_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n or_o the_o turk_n conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o they_o by_o which_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o all_o their_o captain_n shall_v be_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n that_o vihowski_n their_o general_n shall_v be_v palatin_a of_o kiowia_fw-la that_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o greek_a religion_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o chief_a office_n and_o that_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o kiowia_fw-la shall_v have_v the_o rank_n of_o a_o senator_n beside_o the_o starostie_a of_o lubomliana_n be_v give_v to_o vihowski_n and_o that_o of_o bobrois_fw-mi to_o nieczaio_n on_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v hold_v they_o as_o fief_n of_o the_o republic_n these_o condition_n be_v afterward_o ratify_v by_o the_o diet_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o cossack_n captain_n from_o miserable_a peasant_n of_o russia_n as_o they_o be_v by_o their_o birth_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o polish_v nobleman_n i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o cossack_n be_v partly_o occasion_v by_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o polish_v gentleman_n for_o they_o be_v their_o lord_n and_o have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o they_o as_o they_o have_v still_o in_o poland_n over_o all_o their_o peasant_n those_o of_o vkrania_n not_o be_v able_a to_o support_v their_o insolency_n begin_v to_o revolt_v and_o by_o degree_n expel_v all_o the_o nobility_n there_o be_v several_a great_a lord_n who_o by_o this_o revolution_n lose_v above_o 100000_o crown_n a_o year_n among_o who_o be_v the_o above_o mention_v prince_n visnovieski_n who_o son_n i_o have_v see_v in_o poland_n so_o poor_a that_o he_o have_v only_o a_o yearly_a pension_n of_o six_o thousand_o livre_n which_o queen_n mary_n lovise_n allow_v he_o to_o subsist_v upon_o but_o fortune_n afterward_o raise_v he_o to_o the_o throne_n upon_o the_o abdication_n of_o king_n casimir_n as_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o observe_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n that_o fatal_a revolt_n of_o the_o cossack_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n iii_n augment_v by_o degree_n under_o 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inhabit_v by_o christian_n but_o only_o the_o cathedral_n church_n which_o they_o have_v also_o turn_v to_o a_o mosque_n these_o be_v the_o fatal_a consequence_n of_o the_o insupportable_a tyranny_n of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o their_o unjustifiable_a cruelty_n to_o their_o subject_n but_o long_o before_o the_o turk_n invade_v poland_n they_o look_v upon_o vkrania_n as_o a_o country_n which_o they_o resolve_v to_o conquer_v at_o any_o rate_n and_o which_o they_o may_v easy_o subdue_v if_o the_o cossack_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o desire_v their_o protection_n beside_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o take_v hold_n of_o so_o favourable_a a_o opportunity_n to_o deliver_v themselves_o from_o such_o cruel_a and_o formidable_a enemy_n who_o have_v so_o often_o harass_v they_o by_o their_o piracy_n on_o the_o black_a sea_n they_o have_v make_v peace_n with_o the_o emperor_n and_o consequent_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o keep_v a_o army_n in_o hungary_n and_o after_o the_o 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but_o the_o diet_n which_o be_v afterward_o hold_v at_o warsaw_n will_v not_o ratify_v that_o peace_n so_o that_o the_o war_n between_o poland_n and_o the_o port_n be_v renew_v with_o great_a vigour_n than_o before_o the_o two_o army_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o of_o the_o duchy_n advance_v towards_o podolia_n the_o one_o command_v by_o general_n sobieski_n and_o the_o other_o by_o general_n patz_n and_o march_v together_o to_o attack_v that_o of_o the_o turk_n which_o be_v encamp_v at_o chotzin_n on_o the_o niester_n about_o five_o league_n from_o caminiec_n where_o they_o fight_v and_o entire_o rout_n '_o they_o this_o victory_n which_o be_v very_o considerable_a will_v have_v doubtless_o restore_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n to_o a_o good_a condition_n and_o contribute_v very_o much_o to_o the_o retaking_n of_o caminiec_n if_o the_o general_n have_v make_v a_o right_a use_n of_o so_o important_a a_o advantage_n but_o the_o battle_n be_v no_o soon_o over_o than_o they_o carry_v home_o 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or_o foreign_a war._n it_o be_v in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o design_n that_o in_o a_o diet_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n he_o complain_v of_o king_n sigismund_n proceed_n allege_v that_o he_o be_v contrive_v indirect_a method_n to_o expel_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n out_o of_o prussia_n which_o they_o have_v purchase_v with_o their_o blood_n and_o where_o they_o have_v extirpated_a paganism_n and_o establish_v the_o faith_n of_o jesus_n christ_n but_o see_v he_o can_v not_o prevail_v with_o the_o prince_n to_o declare_v war_n against_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n at_o a_o time_n when_o all_o the_o christian_n be_v ready_a to_o enter_v in_o a_o confederacy_n against_o the_o turk_n he_o make_v a_o league_n with_o basil_n duke_n of_o muscovy_n and_o persuade_v he_o to_o declare_v war_n against_o the_o polaender_n and_o to_o invade_v lithuania_n the_o muscovite_n rely_v upon_o this_o new_a alliance_n with_o the_o emperor_n scruple_v not_o to_o violate_v the_o peace_n he_o have_v make_v with_o king_n sigismond_n he_o raise_v a_o army_n enter_v lithuania_n and_o after_o he_o have_v destroy_v the_o country_n sit_v down_o before_o smolensko_n but_o can_v not_o take_v it_o though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n sigismond_n be_v in_o poland_n and_o have_v no_o troop_n on_o foot_n to_o oppose_v he_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o treachery_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n who_o have_v break_v the_o peace_n without_o any_o cause_n call_v a_o diet_n at_o radom_n in_o the_o year_n 1513_o to_o concert_v the_o measure_n that_o be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o so_o press_v a_o exigency_n the_o czar_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n send_v to_o demand_v succour_n from_o the_o emperor_n his_o ally_n who_o only_o send_v he_o some_o engineer_n who_o cast_v 300_o piece_n of_o cannon_n for_o he_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n have_v assemble_v a_o army_n of_o 80000_o man_n march_v with_o his_o 300_o piece_n of_o cannon_n to_o besiege_v smolenske_a which_o he_o batter_v in_o a_o very_a furious_a manner_n the_o city_n be_v so_o close_o block_v up_o and_o the_o avenue_n so_o well_o guard_v that_o 500_o horse_n who_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n send_v to_o its_o relief_n can_v not_o get_v into_o the_o place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o garrison_n make_v so_o vigorous_a a_o defence_n that_o the_o muscovite_n be_v discourage_v by_o the_o obstinate_a resistance_n of_o the_o polander_n raise_v the_o siege_n and_o ravage_v lithuania_n a_o second_o time_n after_o they_o have_v send_v their_o booty_n to_o muscovy_n they_o return_v to_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n but_o the_o garrison_n defend_v the_o place_n with_o so_o much_o courage_n and_o resolution_n that_o the_o czar_n despair_v of_o success_n resolve_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n but_o glinski_n a_o lithuanian_a rebel_n persuade_v he_o to_o continue_v it_o insinuate_a that_o he_o can_v not_o without_o expose_v himself_o to_o eternal_a infamy_n suffer_v a_o impotent_a and_o dishearten_v enemy_n to_o insult_v over_o such_o a_o formidable_a army_n at_o last_o the_o cunning_a traitor_n who_o have_v engage_v basil_n in_o this_o enterprise_n perceive_v that_o he_o can_v not_o take_v the_o city_n by_o force_n resolve_v to_o try_v the_o success_n of_o a_o stratagem_n to_o this_o end_n he_o desire_v leave_v to_o speak_v with_o the_o governor_n to_o who_o he_o represent_v that_o his_o master_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o relieve_v he_o that_o the_o garrison_n can_v not_o hold_v out_o much_o long_o and_o that_o unless_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o bury_v himself_o in_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o city_n he_o ought_v to_o consult_v his_o own_o true_a interest_n and_o accept_v the_o vast_a recompense_n which_o the_o czar_n be_v willing_a to_o give_v he_o thus_o the_o governor_n be_v persuade_v to_o surrender_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n which_o the_o polander_n have_v possess_v for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hundred_o year_n as_o soon_o as_o king_n sigismond_n have_v receive_v at_o radom_n the_o news_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o that_o important_a place_n he_o go_v immediate_o to_o lithuania_n in_o september_n and_o assemble_v all_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o that_o duchy_n at_o vilna_n to_o deliberate_v with_o they_o how_o they_o may_v effectual_o oppose_v the_o progress_n of_o their_o victorious_a enemy_n 10000_o horse_n 20000_o foot_n and_o some_o light_a horse_n be_v raise_v in_o lithuania_n with_o which_o and_o with_o the_o army_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o necessary_a artillery_n the_o king_n set_v out_o from_o vilna_n with_o a_o design_n to_o attack_v the_o muscevite_n the_o czar_n have_v receive_v advice_n of_o the_o march_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n reassembled_a his_o troop_n and_o encamp_v near_o smolensko_n lest_o the_o king_n shall_v sit_v down_o before_o it_o after_o he_o have_v reinforce_v the_o garrison_n he_o march_v with_o his_o army_n to_o lithuania_n and_o advance_v to_o the_o river_n berezina_fw-la in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o minsk_n where_o sigismond_n arrive_v immediate_o after_o strike_v such_o a_o terror_n into_o the_o muscovite_n that_o they_o retire_v to_o the_o city_n of_o orsza_n not_o far_o from_o the_o boristhenes_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v pass_v the_o river_n berezina_fw-la without_o any_o opposition_n detach_v a_o body_n of_o 30000_o choose_a man_n who_o he_o order_v to_o march_v towards_o the_o enemy_n while_o he_o remain_v at_o boryssow_n on_o the_o river_n berezina_fw-la with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n where_o he_o cast_v up_o trench_n and_o fortify_v the_o camp_n with_o great_a diligence_n that_o if_o the_o muscovite_n shall_v gain_v the_o battle_n the_o polander_n and_o lithuanian_n may_v have_v the_o advantage_n of_o retire_v to_o a_o place_n of_o security_n and_o that_o he_o may_v afterward_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n who_o even_o after_o a_o victory_n will_v have_v be_v weaken_a by_o the_o battle_n and_o harass_v by_o the_o fatigue_n of_o so_o long_a a_o pursuit_n the_o czar_n who_o be_v at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o army_n of_o 80000_o man_n despise_v that_o of_o poland_n which_o be_v not_o half_a so_o numerous_a and_o insolent_o boast_v that_o his_o soldier_n shall_v not_o so_o much_o as_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o draw_v their_o sabres_fw-es against_o the_o polander_n but_o drive_v they_o all_o to_o muscovy_n with_o whip_n like_o herd_n of_o ox_n or_o flock_n of_o sheep_n nor_o be_v this_o a_o mere_a rhodomontade_fw-la for_o he_o actual_o give_v order_n to_o his_o soldier_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o draw_v their_o sabres_fw-es but_o let_v the_o polander_n pass_v the_o baristhenes_n without_o opposition_n and_o then_o whip_v they_o to_o muscovy_n but_o that_o insolent_a and_o haughty_a prince_n have_v the_o mortification_n to_o be_v convince_v by_o a_o very_a fatal_a and_o unwelcome_a experiment_n that_o a_o great_a army_n shall_v never_o despise_v a_o feeble_a
they_o will_v consult_v together_o about_o the_o sure_a mean_n of_o make_v a_o more_o strong_a friendship_n and_o alliance_n jaslowieski_n not_o be_v able_a to_o imagine_v but_o that_o aslan_n be_v sincere_a and_o real_a go_v to_o he_o at_o oczakow_n but_o he_o be_v no_o soon_o come_v thither_o but_o the_o tartar_n get_v on_o horseback_n and_o surround_v the_o polander_n shoot_v their_o arrow_n at_o they_o the_o polander_n stand_v a_o while_n without_o make_v any_o other_o motion_n but_o cover_v themselves_o with_o their_o shield_n to_o guard_v their_o body_n from_o the_o arrow_n then_o the_o cham_n perceive_v the_o violence_n which_o be_v offer_v they_o step_v between_o seem_o to_o hinder_v the_o tartar_n from_o kill_v the_o polander_n but_o have_v make_v a_o show_n of_o not_o be_v able_a to_o hinder_v it_o he_o withdraw_v and_o all_o the_o polander_n be_v slay_v it_o must_v not_o be_v imagine_v that_o of_o all_o the_o mahometan_n the_o tartar_n only_o be_v perfidious_a for_o the_o 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of_o the_o diet_n which_o he_o have_v summon_v to_o meet_v the_o 13_o of_o december_n 1386._o for_o as_o he_o have_v no_o child_n he_o be_v desirous_a of_o advance_v those_o of_o his_o brother_n and_o be_v persuade_v that_o this_o naturalisation_n will_v enable_v he_o to_o prefer_v they_o to_o something_o more_o considerable_a but_o that_o great_a prince_n be_v prevent_v by_o death_n in_o the_o fifty_o four_o year_n of_o his_o age_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v ten_o year_n one_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o this_o mighty_a power_n which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v to_o dispose_v of_o so_o many_o place_n of_o trust_n and_o profit_n of_o so_o many_o land_n by_o royal_a tenure_n and_o of_o so_o many_o benefice_n must_v need_v gain_v he_o the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o those_o on_o who_o they_o
nay_o even_o his_o lady_n though_o a_o french-woman_n of_o the_o house_n of_o mailly_n can_v never_o be_v bring_v to_o side_n with_o the_o french_a faction_n though_o very_o advantageous_a offer_n be_v make_v to_o she_o she_o be_v lady_n of_o honour_n to_o queen_n eleonor_n and_o have_v promise_v she_o to_o be_v faithful_a to_o she_o which_o she_o do_v inviolable_o this_o unshaken_a fidelity_n in_o a_o austrian_a french-woman_n be_v such_o that_o even_o the_o french_a themselves_o can_v not_o but_o admire_v and_o esteem_v it_o it_o be_v their_o nature_n to_o prefer_v that_o virtue_n to_o all_o the_o advantage_n that_o can_v be_v propose_v to_o they_o to_o engage_v they_o to_o part_v with_o it_o france_n have_v then_o almost_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n its_o enemy_n but_o be_v still_o so_o fortunate_a that_o heaven_n will_v not_o somuch_o as_o suffer_v she_o to_o compass_v those_o thing_n which_o she_o most_o earnest_o desire_v when_o in_o process_n of_o time_n those_o thing_n may_v have_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o her_o interest_n thus_o the_o divine_a providence_n will_v not_o permit_v the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n to_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n though_o france_n use_v all_o her_o endeavour_n to_o make_v the_o choice_n fall_v upon_o he_o which_o if_o it_o have_v take_v effect_n will_v undoubted_o have_v be_v disadvantageous_a to_o that_o nation_n for_o that_o prince_n will_v not_o have_v fail_v to_o have_v prove_v her_o enemy_n as_o do_v his_o father_n soon_o after_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o the_o emperor_n i_o return_v now_o to_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n power_n to_o dispose_v of_o all_o the_o place_n and_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o duchy_n those_o on_o who_o he_o bestow_v they_o ought_v not_o only_o to_o be_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n but_o aught_o also_o to_o be_v possess_v of_o some_o estate_n in_o land_n in_o the_o state_n or_o country_n to_o which_o the_o say_a place_n or_o office_n proper_o belong_v so_o that_o a_o gentleman_n who_o estate_n lie_v all_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n can_v have_v a_o office_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n neither_o can_v he_o who_o estate_n be_v altogether_o in_o the_o duchy_n have_v a_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n which_o order_n be_v regular_o observe_v though_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n be_v now_o proper_o but_o one_o body_n and_o be_v no_o more_o than_o one_o people_n differ_v but_o in_o few_o thing_n as_o to_o their_o manner_n of_o live_v nevertheless_o in_o the_o time_n that_o i_o live_v in_o lithuania_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o polite_a part_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n come_v near_o to_o to_o the_o french_a than_o the_o polander_n do_v in_o all_o their_o way_n and_o particular_o in_o their_o briskness_n and_o gayty_n though_o lithuania_n be_v remote_a from_o france_n than_o poland_n when_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n enter_v a_o city_n the_o magistrate_n ought_v always_o to_o bring_v he_o the_o key_n and_o he_o have_v power_n to_o make_v his_o own_o regiment_n of_o guard_n keep_v watch_v at_o the_o gate_n the_o citizen_n of_o dantzick_n alone_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o guard_v their_o own_o gate_n when_o the_o king_n enter_v that_o city_n nay_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o hinder_v any_o force_n from_o enter_v with_o the_o king_n and_o to_o go_v the_o round_n all_o night_n in_o the_o street_n as_o long_o as_o he_o stay_v within_o their_o wall_n but_o it_o must_v indeed_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o dantzic_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a hans-town_n be_v proper_o a_o free_a republic_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o poland_n consequent_o it_o have_v all_o the_o mark_n of_o a_o entire_a sovereignty_n for_o it_o condemn_v to_o death_n without_o appeal_n even_o the_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n themselves_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o commit_v any_o crime_n there_o that_o deserve_v a_o capital_a punishment_n it_o have_v a_o mint_n of_o its_o own_o and_o coin_n its_o own_o money_n without_o any_o previous_a leave_n or_o permission_n obtain_v from_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n though_o they_o stamp_v the_o king_n image_n upon_o it_o and_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o take_v in_o payment_n the_o base_a money_n of_o that_o state_n however_o though_o the_o people_n of_o dantzic_n may_v thus_o be_v reckon_v a_o republic_n and_o particular_a sovereign_a state_n they_o be_v nevertheless_o oblige_v to_o send_v to_o the_o diet_n some_o deputy_n who_o never_o fail_v to_o speak_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o dantzic_n and_o who_o consequently_n never_o fail_v to_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o chancellor_n who_o always_o desire_v they_o to_o be_v silent_a forbid_v they_o to_o take_v that_o quality_n upon_o they_o which_o yet_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o take_v afterward_o in_o the_o follow_a diet_n dantzic_n be_v situate_v about_o a_o league_n from_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o almost_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n vistula_n that_o city_n till_o the_o year_n 1170_o consist_v only_o of_o some_o fishermen_n cottage_n but_o have_v raise_v itself_o since_o that_o time_n to_o such_o a_o height_n of_o greatness_n that_o it_o pass_v now_o for_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o europe_n it_o must_v indeed_o be_v own_a that_o it_o be_v a_o fine_a and_o stately_a place_n and_o its_o port_n or_o harbour_v very_o famous_a but_o of_o difficult_a access_n because_o the_o vistula_n divide_v itself_o into_o several_a branch_n before_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o branch_n which_o go_v to_o dantzic_n be_v one_o of_o the_o least_o of_o they_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o great_a ship_n have_v not_o water_n enough_o to_o anchor_v with_o their_o lade_n through_o that_o branch_n into_o the_o harbour_n of_o dantzic_n between_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o port_n there_o lie_v a_o fort_n which_o be_v call_v the_o light-house_n because_o there_o be_v a_o beacon_n in_o it_o where_o there_o be_v a_o light_a every_o night_n that_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v come_v into_o the_o harbour_n may_v discover_v it_o a_o far_o off_o dantzic_n be_v the_o town_n of_o the_o great_a trade_n in_o all_o prussia_n most_o of_o which_o traffic_n consist_v in_o corn_n as_o do_v almost_o all_o the_o trade_n of_o poland_n the_o dantzicker_n have_v such_o a_o privilege_n that_o none_o but_o themselves_o can_v be_v allow_v to_o buy_v any_o corn_n of_o the_o polander_n when_o once_o it_o be_v enter_v in_o their_o port_n whether_o vast_a quantity_n be_v bring_v to_o they_o from_o all_o part_n by_o the_o vistula_n half_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o port_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n since_o the_o time_n that_o king_n sigismond_n augustus_n oblige_v the_o dantzicker_n to_o grant_v he_o that_o tribute_n for_o their_o presumption_n in_o propose_v some_o provoke_v condition_n to_o he_o before_o they_o will_v suffer_v his_o deputy_n to_o come_v into_o their_o city_n dantzic_n be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o all_o prussia_n it_o be_v about_o seven_o league_n from_o elbing_n and_o twenty_o six_o from_o thorn_n it_o be_v well_o enough_o fortify_v consider_v the_o country_n since_o the_o irruption_n which_o the_o sweede_v make_v into_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1655._o but_o there_o be_v some_o ground_n that_o overlook_v and_o command_v it_o on_o the_o westside_n from_o this_o town_n the_o polander_n draw_v what_o good_n they_o want_v of_o foreign_a growth_n and_o manufacture_n as_o cloth_n silk_n stuff_n leather_n paper_n sugar_n oil_n and_o all_o the_o spice_n which_o they_o use_v in_o very_o great_a quantity_n to_o season_n their_o fish_n and_o other_o meat_n i_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o wine_n and_o brandy_n nor_o of_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v bring_v thither_o from_o france_n and_o worth_a but_o a_o crown_n the_o french_a muid_n or_o hogshead_n because_o as_o for_o wine_n the_o pole_n like_o no_o other_o but_o that_o of_o hungary_n as_o for_o brandy_n they_o make_v it_o at_o home_n with_o corn_n and_o as_o for_o salt_n their_o country_n abound_v with_o it_o thus_o the_o wine_n brandy_n and_o salt_n that_o come_v from_o france_n to_o dantzic_n serve_v only_o for_o prussia_n however_o there_o be_v such_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o other_o good_n export_v from_o dantzic_n to_o poland_n and_o so_o great_a a_o return_v make_v from_o that_o kingdom_n thither_o in_o corn_n money_n and_o other_o thing_n that_o as_o it_o be_v the_o only_a place_n from_o which_o they_o draw_v all_o their_o necessary_n and_o to_o which_o they_o trade_n it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o to_o be_v admire_v how_o that_o town_n be_v come_v to_o be_v so_o rich_a and_o considerable_a all_o the_o dantzicker_n be_v former_o roman_a catholic_n but_o they_o embrace_v the_o
the_o borysihenes_n the_o water_n of_o which_o congeal_v to_o salt_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v break_v in_o piece_n and_o carry_v away_o in_o cart_n like_o ice_n but_o it_o melt_v immediate_o with_o rain_n the_o 34th_o be_v the_o palatin_n of_o pomerania_n who_o palatinate_n be_v in_o royal_a prussia_n the_o 35th_o be_v the_o palatin_n of_o minsk_n a_o city_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n suislocz_n the_o 36th_o be_v the_o palatin_n of_o czernichowia_fw-la a_o city_n of_o lithuania_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n derna_n this_o palatinat_a which_o be_v also_o a_o duchy_n be_v only_o a_o titular_a dignity_n have_v thus_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o 32_o palatine_n 3_o castellan_n and_o one_o starosta_n who_o be_v senator_n it_o may_v not_o improper_o be_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o quality_n of_o castellan_n and_o starosta_n be_v inferior_a to_o that_o of_o a_o palatin_n there_o be_v four_o of_o they_o who_o possess_v almost_o the_o first_o rank_n among_o the_o lay-senator_n i_o have_v already_o intimate_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n be_v the_o first_o temporal_a senator_n and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o three_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o precedency_n be_v grant_v they_o in_o recompense_n of_o some_o brave_a action_n which_o the_o castellan_n of_o those_o city_n have_v perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o palatin_n be_v to_o lead_v the_o troop_n of_o his_o palatinate_n to_o the_o army_n to_o preside_v in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o his_o province_n to_o set_v a_o price_n upon_o merchandice_n and_o commodity_n to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v not_o alter_v and_o to_o judge_n and_o defend_v the_o jew_n he_o have_v a_o vice_n palatin_n under_o he_o who_o must_v take_v a_o oath_n to_o he_o and_o who_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o land_n which_o they_o call_v possessionatus_n the_o castellan_n be_v the_o next_o in_o dignity_n to_o the_o palatine_n and_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o they_o in_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v usual_o distinguish_v by_o the_o title_n of_o great_a castellan_n and_o petty_a or_o sub_fw-la castellan_n the_o number_n of_o the_o former_a both_o in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o duchy_n amount_v to_o 32_o and_o that_o of_o the_o latter_a to_o 49._o '_o will_v be_v equal_o tedious_a and_o unprofitable_a to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o they_o all_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o observe_v in_o the_o general_n that_o they_o be_v all_o senator_n lieutenant_n or_o deputy_n of_o the_o palatine_n and_o head_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o their_o respective_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o mention_v the_o officer_n of_o state_n who_o be_v senator_n the_o first_o be_v the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o second_o the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o three_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o four_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o five_o the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o six_o the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o seven_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o eight_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o nine_o the_o sub-marshal_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o ten_o the_o sub-marshal_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o duchy_n these_o be_v all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o polish_v senate_n i_o have_v in_o another_o place_n give_v a_o sufficient_a account_n of_o the_o privilege_n and_o function_n of_o the_o officer_n mention_v here_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o observe_v that_o beside_o the_o four_o senator_n who_o ought_v always_o to_o attend_v the_o king_n and_o to_o assist_v he_o with_o their_o counsel_n in_o all_o deliberation_n and_o judgement_n all_o the_o other_o senator_n who_o be_v at_o court_n have_v also_o the_o privilege_n to_o assist_v in_o such_o case_n and_o all_o those_o who_o be_v present_a in_o council_n and_o consent_v to_o the_o decree_n or_o sentence_n be_v oblige_v to_o sign_n it_o not_o only_o in_o criminal_a but_o also_o in_o civil_a case_n that_o they_o may_v afterward_o be_v accountable_a for_o their_o proceed_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o republic_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n the_o three_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n be_v that_o of_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v only_o capable_a of_o possess_v all_o the_o office_n and_o land_n both_o in_o the_o duchy_n and_o kingdom_n for_o all_o the_o peasant_n be_v slave_n and_o the_o burgher_n of_o town_n and_o city_n be_v only_o look_v upon_o as_o tradesman_n who_o can_v possess_v at_o most_o but_o some_o house_n in_o the_o city_n and_o the_o land_n about_o a_o league_n round_o they_o as_o for_o stranger_n how_o noble_a soever_o they_o may_v be_v in_o their_o own_o country_n and_o whatever_o service_n they_o have_v do_v in_o the_o army_n to_o the_o republic_n they_o can_v neither_o possess_v a_o estate_n nor_o rise_v to_o any_o high_a preferment_n than_o the_o command_n of_o a_o regiment_n of_o foot_n or_o at_o most_o the_o place_n of_o a_o major-general_n which_o be_v a_o office_n not_o much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o a_o brigadeer_n in_o france_n for_o the_o polander_n will_v never_o suffer_v that_o a_o stranger_n though_o never_o so_o expert_a in_o war_n shall_v have_v the_o general_a command_n of_o their_o army_n the_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n be_v the_o guardian_n of_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o the_o elector_n of_o their_o sovereign_n they_o bestow_v the_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n upon_o he_o and_o furnish_v he_o with_o minister_n and_o counsellor_n they_o make_v their_o own_o law_n and_o determine_v both_o their_o duty_n and_o privilege_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v the_o right_n of_o their_o country_n against_o the_o encroachment_n of_o any_o aspire_a prince_n who_o ambition_n may_v carry_v his_o design_n beyond_o the_o limit_n prescribe_v to_o he_o by_o the_o law_n since_o the_o number_n of_o the_o gentry_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o can_v all_o assist_v at_o the_o general_a diet_n they_o choose_v deputy_n in_o the_o petty_a diet_n who_o they_o send_v to_o the_o general_a diet_n to_o preserve_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o constitution_n and_o to_o contrive_v and_o enact_v new_a law_n for_o their_o security_n the_o polish_v gentry_n be_v general_o persuade_v that_o it_o be_v their_o interest_n to_o preserve_v a_o uninterrupted_a peace_n with_o their_o neighbour_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o preserve_v all_o their_o province_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o the_o event_n that_o they_o be_v extreme_o mistake_v in_o their_o politics_n for_o poland_n lie_v open_a on_o all_o side_n and_o be_v surround_v by_o so_o many_o enemy_n we_o may_v easy_o suppose_v that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o may_v find_v a_o opportunity_n to_o surprise_v some_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n before_o the_o people_n can_v put_v themselves_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n all_o that_o the_o king_n can_v do_v in_o such_o a_o juncture_n be_v to_o summon_v the_o nobility_n together_o to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o arriere_n ban_n in_o france_n and_o be_v call_v the_o postpolite_n in_o poland_n upon_o such_o occasion_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n must_v send_v his_o circular_a letter_n thrice_o into_o each_o palatinate_n to_o assemble_v they_o that_o none_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o service_n but_o the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o starosta_n of_o frontier_n place_n that_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o go_v above_o three_o league_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o those_o of_o lithuania_n and_o prussia_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o all_o that_o the_o king_n can_v keep_v the_o gentry_n in_o arm_n above_o the_o space_n of_o six_o week_n and_o that_o all_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v shut_v up_o during_o the_o time_n that_o the_o arriere_n ban_n be_v assemble_v it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o republic_n to_o maintain_v a_o constant_a peace_n with_o their_o neighbour_n that_o it_o be_v this_o very_a maxim_n which_o occasion_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o their_o country_n for_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o ivth_o they_o build_v fort_n kudack_n on_o the_o boristhenes_n to_o hinder_v the_o cossack_n from_o cruize_v on_o the_o black_a sea_n for_o fear_v of_o irritate_v the_o turk_n but_o this_o false_a step_n in_o stead_n of_o secure_v the_o quiet_a of_o the_o kingdom_n engage_v they_o in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n and_o even_o
on_o they_o and_o to_o all_o the_o city_n according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v ordain_v in_o the_o precede_a diet_n and_o to_o what_o shall_v afterward_o be_v ordain_v in_o the_o follow_a diet_n shall_v be_v inviolable_o keep_v and_o preserve_v and_o that_o he_o shall_v issue_v out_o his_o letter_n patent_n to_o confirm_v they_o in_o all_o their_o clause_n and_o condition_n they_o also_o frequent_o add_v several_a other_o article_n according_a to_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o present_a juncture_n and_o the_o quality_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o elect_v prince_n as_o for_o the_o ceremony_n that_o be_v use_v when_o they_o make_v the_o king_n swear_v the_o capitulation_n the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n carry_v it_o before_o he_o after_o the_o mass_n be_v say_v and_o require_v he_o to_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o observe_v it_o according_a to_o his_o promise_n then_o the_o king_n be_v upon_o his_o knee_n before_o the_o great_a altar_n say_v after_o the_o chancellor_n we_o n._n choose_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n russia_n prussia_n massovia_n samogitia_n kiovia_n volhinia_n podolia_n podlassia_n livonia_n smolensko_n siberia_n and_o czernichovia_n promise_v to_o almighty_a god_n and_o swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o observe_v maintain_v and_o accomplish_v all_o the_o condition_n agree_v upon_o at_o our_o election_n by_o our_o ambassador_n with_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o our_o ambassador_n and_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o according_a to_o all_o the_o clause_n point_n article_n and_o condition_n mention_v therein_o and_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o speciality_n can_v derogate_v from_o the_o generality_n nor_o the_o generality_n from_o the_o speciality_n all_o which_o we_o promise_v to_o ratify_v by_o our_o oath_n on_o the_o day_n of_o our_o coronation_n after_o the_o king_n have_v swear_v to_o keep_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la the_o chancellor_n give_v he_o the_o decree_n of_o his_o election_n write_v in_o parchment_n and_o sign_v by_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n the_o republic_n of_o poland_n use_v these_o precaution_n at_o the_o election_n of_o their_o king_n that_o if_o afterward_o he_o shall_v act_v contrary_a to_o what_o he_o promise_v to_o obsorve_v the_o senator_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o duty_n it_o be_v the_o breach_n of_o one_o of_o those_o article_n which_o give_v the_o polander_n occasion_n to_o complain_v of_o king_n michael_n for_o in_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o he_o swear_v to_o observe_v they_o have_v insert_v this_o article_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o marry_v any_o princess_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n nevertheless_o without_o ask_v their_o consent_n he_o marry_v the_o emperor_n sister_n and_o the_o party_n that_o be_v form_v against_o he_o look_v upon_o this_o as_o a_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o compel_v he_o to_o abdicate_v if_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v elect_v be_v not_o present_a at_o warsaw_n he_o take_v the_o oath_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o deputy_n who_o the_o republic_n send_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o oblige_v himself_o before_o they_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o article_n of_o the_o capitulation_n it_o be_v thus_o that_o sigismond_n the_o three_o swear_v to_o keep_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la in_o the_o abbey_n of_o oliva_n near_o dantzick_n anno_fw-la 1587._o as_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o by_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o poland_n that_o the_o great_a marshal_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o petty_a marshal_n carry_v the_o staff_n erect_v before_o the_o king_n when_o he_o go_v to_o any_o ceremony_n but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o election_n to_o his_o coronation_n they_o carry_v the_o staff_n bow_v down_o that_o when_o the_o king_n issue_n out_o any_o letter_n order_n or_o constitution_n he_o only_o assume_v the_o quality_n of_o king_n elect_a and_o that_o no_o dispatch_n can_v be_v seal_v but_o with_o the_o little_a seal_n of_o the_o closet_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o election_n be_v perfect_v by_o the_o coronation_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o seal_n of_o it_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o king_n coronation_n a_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v exercise_v the_o royal_a authority_n before_o his_o coronation_n for_o he_o can_v neither_o dispose_v of_o any_o office_n nor_o benesice_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o grant_v any_o favour_n nor_o use_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o his_o name_n and_o be_v shut_v up_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la can_v make_v a_o decree_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n it_o be_v the_o new_a king_n who_o appoint_v the_o day_n for_o this_o ceremony_n which_o must_v be_v perform_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n in_o the_o castle_n this_o city_n take_v its_o name_n from_o king_n cracus_n who_o build_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 700_o after_o he_o have_v leave_v gnesna_n which_o be_v former_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o vistula_n in_o upper_a poland_n it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o bishop_n who_o be_v a_o suffragan_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n the_o city_n be_v very_o large_a fine_a and_o well-built_a but_o the_o street_n be_v ill_o pave_v as_o in_o most_o other_o city_n of_o that_o country_n however_o the_o street_n be_v very_o broad_a and_o straight_o with_o a_o great_a square_n in_o the_o middle_n where_o the_o townhouse_n be_v build_v the_o castle_n or_o the_o king_n palace_n be_v seat_v upon_o a_o little_a eminence_n or_o rock_n the_o foot_n of_o which_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o vislula_n the_o circumference_n of_o this_o eminence_n be_v very_o small_a and_o consequent_o the_o palace_n be_v of_o no_o very_a great_a extent_n and_o as_o for_o the_o church_n though_o it_o be_v the_o cathedral_n of_o a_o great_a diocese_n and_o the_o buryingplace_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o small_a and_o least_o beautiful_a structure_n of_o that_o kind_n that_o i_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o see_v in_o that_o country_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o king_n house_n be_v real_o well_o build_v but_o beside_o the_o extraordinary_a smallness_n and_o obscurity_n of_o the_o court_n it_o have_v neither_o garden_n wood_n nor_o water_n nor_o be_v it_o adorn_v with_o any_o wall_n or_o avenue_n it_o be_v former_o a_o strong_a place_n when_o the_o strength_n of_o place_n consist_v in_o the_o height_n of_o their_o situation_n but_o it_o be_v now_o only_o fit_a to_o refist_n some_o fly_a party_n of_o horse_n it_o be_v here_o where_o the_o jewel_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v keep_v with_o the_o royal_a ornament_n that_o be_v use_v at_o the_o king_n coronation_n there_o be_v also_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o little_a hill_n or_o rise_v ground_n on_o which_o it_o stand_v the_o cave_n or_o den_n of_o that_o furious_a dragon_n which_o make_v such_o a_o terrible_a havoc_n in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a place_n and_o which_o it_o be_v say_v cracus_n kill_v by_o lay_v some_o meat_n for_o he_o mix_v with_o pitch_n and_o brimstone_n when_o the_o coronation-day_n draw_v near_o the_o king_n make_v his_o entry_n into_o cracow_n on_o horseback_n the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o city_n carry_v a_o canopy_n of_o state_n before_o he_o the_o troop_n both_o horse_n and_o foot_n march_v before_o with_o their_o officer_n and_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o palatine_n bishop_n and_o ambassador_n on_o horseback_n the_o ceremony_n be_v doubtless_o very_o splendid_a and_o i_o know_v not_o where_o a_o traveller_n can_v have_v occasion_n to_o see_v a_o more_o magnificent_a cavalcade_n a_o man_n who_o ride_v on_o horseback_n before_o the_o king_n scatters_z some_o small_a piece_n of_o silver_n stamp_v with_o the_o effigy_n of_o the_o new_a king_n among_o the_o people_n in_o the_o street_n but_o this_o liberality_n cost_v he_o so_o little_a that_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v a_o hundred_o crown_n distribute_v thus_o the_o king_n be_v conduct_v from_o the_o city_n gate_n to_o the_o castle_n pass_v through_o the_o public_a place_n where_o there_o be_v several_a triumphal_a arch_n adorn_v with_o statue_n device_n and_o various_a inscription_n on_o the_o day_n that_o precede_v the_o coronation_n which_o be_v call_v the_o day_n of_o expiation_n they_o perform_v the_o funeral_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n who_o body_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n at_o schalka_n where_o the_o marshal_n break_v their_o staff_n and_o the_o chancellor_n their_o seal_n against_o the_o king_n coffin_n the_o new_a king_n go_v also_o thither_o
any_o person_n of_o their_o condition_n happy_a than_o they_o for_o when_o they_o be_v young_a they_o see_v their_o father_n treat_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o beside_o they_o have_v this_o comfort_n that_o they_o never_o want_v provision_n their_o wife_n be_v employ_v almost_o in_o nothing_o else_o than_a dress_n their_o meat_n of_o which_o they_o have_v usual_o 3_o or_o 4_o sort_n every_o day_n for_o dinner_n viz._n a_o dish_n of_o pease_n with_o a_o little_a bacon_n another_o of_o oatmeal_n barley_n millet_n or_o of_o the_o grain_n which_o they_o call_v cachat_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o root_n which_o they_o have_v in_o abundance_n and_o very_o good_a the_o furniture_n of_o their_o house_n consist_v of_o some_o earthen_a or_o wooden_a dish_n and_o a_o bed_n which_o they_o make_v of_o chaff_n and_o feather_n with_o a_o sort_n of_o coverlet_n over_o it_o as_o for_o their_o child_n they_o never_o lie_v in_o bed_n till_o they_o be_v marry_v but_o upon_o board_n round_n the_o floor_n which_o they_o use_v in_o many_o place_n in_o stead_n of_o a_o oven_n to_o bake_v their_o bread_n and_o to_o boil_v their_o little_a pot_n of_o cachat_n and_o root_n these_o stove_n have_v no_o chimney_n to_o let_v out_o the_o smoke_n so_o that_o their_o hut_n be_v always_o full_a of_o a_o thick_a smoke_n which_o have_v no_o other_o passage_n but_o a_o small_a window_n about_o four_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n when_o they_o go_v into_o their_o cottage_n they_o be_v force_v to_o stoop_v that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v stiff_v with_o the_o smoke_n which_o be_v so_o thick_a above_o the_o little_a window_n that_o one_o can_v see_v the_o roof_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o go_v to_o bed_n in_o the_o winter_n without_o stove_n so_o that_o the_o gentleman_n have_v they_o in_o their_o house_n as_o well_o as_o the_o peasant_n but_o those_o in_a gentleman_n house_n be_v neat_o make_v of_o burn_a earth_n like_o fine_a earthen_a vessel_n with_o a_o chimney_n to_o let_v out_o the_o smoke_n the_o child_n of_o the_o peasant_n especial_o in_o russia_n go_v stark_o naked_a as_o well_o the_o girl_n as_o the_o boy_n till_o they_o be_v four_o or_o five_o year_n of_o age._n they_o be_v never_o teach_v to_o go_v but_z as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v get_v a_o little_a strength_n the_o mother_n set_v they_o down_o at_o the_o threshold_n of_o the_o door_n where_o they_o learn_v by_o degree_n to_o crawl_v along_o and_o get_v up_o by_o themselves_o and_o when_o they_o be_v dirty_a the_o mother_n wash_v they_o in_o cold_a water_n which_o make_v they_o so_o hardy_a that_o i_o have_v see_v they_o slide_v barefooted_a on_o the_o ice_n the_o peasant_n be_v clothe_v in_o winter_n with_o a_o waistcoat_n of_o sheep's-skin_n with_o the_o wool_n and_o in_o summer_n they_o wear_v a_o stuff_n coat_n of_o a_o chimney-sweeper_n colour_n with_o a_o ugly_a sort_n of_o cap_n or_o bonnet_n sometime_o they_o wear_v boot_n but_o most_o usual_o shoe_n which_o they_o make_v of_o the_o bark_n of_o a_o tree_n as_o for_o the_o woman_n their_o habit_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o country-woman_n in_o france_n only_o their_o smock_n be_v so_o short_a that_o one_o may_v sometime_o see_v their_o skin_n between_o their_o waistcoat_n and_o petticoat_n in_o russia_n the_o woman_n go_v all_o summer_n in_o their_o smock_n with_o a_o apron_n before_o they_o the_o string_n of_o which_o serve_v they_o for_o a_o girdle_n but_o their_o smock_n reach_v to_o their_o leg_n they_o never_o build_v a_o house_n in_o poland_n without_o a_o stove_n in_o each_o room_n some_o of_o the_o gentleman_n house_n be_v of_o wood_n and_o other_o of_o brick_n and_o all_o so_o contrive_v that_o they_o lodge_v only_o in_o the_o low_a room_n except_o in_o some_o house_n in_o the_o city_n the_o gentleman_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n have_v but_o very_o little_a furniture_n and_o that_o of_o no_o great_a value_n for_o they_o have_v only_o little_a bed_n with_o taffata_n curtain_n and_o some_o turkey_n carpet_n they_o have_v no_o more_o bed_n than_o what_o be_v sufficient_a for_o their_o own_o family_n so_o that_o when_o one_o go_v to_o visit_v they_o he_o must_v either_o carry_v a_o bed_n along_o with_o he_o or_o resolve_v to_o lie_v upon_o the_o floor_n most_o of_o their_o country-house_n be_v of_o wood_n without_o fountain_n garden_n or_o avenue_n because_o the_o polish_v gentleman_n take_v no_o delight_n in_o plant_v tree_n upon_o their_o land_n though_o it_o be_v certain_a poland_n will_v be_v a_o very_a fit_a country_n for_o fruit-tree_n and_o especial_o for_o apple_n and_o pear_n for_o in_o some_o place_n they_o grow_v wild_a and_o prosper_v to_o admiration_n so_o that_o they_o may_v have_v very_o good_a cider_n which_o will_v save_v they_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o corn_n which_o they_o consume_v in_o beer_n but_o they_o take_v very_o little_a pain_n either_o to_o improve_v their_o land_n or_o increase_v their_o revenue_n there_o be_v many_o great_a lake_n both_o in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n with_o mill_n upon_o they_o for_o grind_v of_o meal_n and_o cachat_n but_o i_o never_o see_v any_o mill_n for_o paper_n cloth_n or_o leather_n though_o they_o may_v easy_o have_v they_o and_o consequent_o save_v all_o the_o money_n which_o foreigner_n gain_v by_o the_o importation_n of_o these_o commodity_n but_o the_o polander_v not_o only_o deserve_v to_o be_v censure_v for_o not_o embellish_v their_o house_n by_o plant_v tree_n about_o they_o and_o augment_v their_o revenue_n by_o erect_v new_a mill_n but_o be_v even_o so_o little_a mindful_a of_o their_o interest_n that_o they_o neglect_v some_o advantageous_a improvement_n which_o will_v cost_v they_o nothing_o but_o the_o labour_n of_o their_o peasant_n they_o have_v vast_a fen_n and_o morass_n and_o consequent_o may_v have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pasturage_n so_o that_o they_o may_v breed_v and_o bring_v up_o abundance_n of_o cattle_n which_o will_v be_v extreme_o advantageous_a to_o they_o for_o i_o neither_o know_v nor_o ever_o hear_v of_o a_o country_n in_o which_o there_o be_v more_o flesh_n eat_v than_o in_o poland_n and_o consequent_o where_o there_o be_v more_o cattle_n kill_v nor_o be_v there_o any_o place_n in_o the_o world_n where_o they_o use_v great_a quantity_n of_o leather_n for_o every_o body_n wear_v boot_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o gentleman_n have_v coach_n or_o wagon_n cover_v with_o leather_n which_o they_o call_v ridevans_n nevertheless_o in_o stead_n of_o prepare_v the_o hide_n and_o skin_n of_o the_o cattle_n which_o they_o kill_v they_o suffer_v stranger_n to_o carry_v they_o away_o into_o their_o own_o country_n where_o they_o prepare_v they_o and_o afterward_o make_v the_o polander_n pay_v dear_a for_o that_o which_o they_o sell_v for_o a_o trifle_n there_o be_v many_o lake_n in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n so_o large_a that_o it_o will_v be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o drain_n they_o these_o lake_n abound_v with_o fish_n which_o the_o polander_v usual_o take_v in_o the_o winter_n when_o the_o ice_n be_v pretty_a strong_a they_o make_v a_o great_a hole_n to_o let_v down_o their_o net_n and_o afterward_o make_v several_a small_a hole_n from_o space_n to_o space_n that_o they_o may_v draw_v their_o net_n along_o from_o hole_n to_o hole_n with_o a_o rope_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o a_o long_a pole_n till_o they_o bring_v they_o back_o to_o the_o first_o large_a open_v when_o the_o two_o end_n of_o the_o net_n be_v bring_v together_o they_o pull_v they_o out_o and_o bring_v up_o with_o they_o all_o the_o fish_n that_o happen_v to_o be_v in_o that_o space_n of_o water_n through_o which_o the_o net_n be_v draw_v for_o they_o can_v leap_v over_o the_o net_n because_o of_o the_o ice_n the_o fish_n thrive_v so_o well_o in_o those_o great_a lake_n that_o there_o be_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o pike_n four_o foot_n long_o and_o carp_n two_o and_o a_o half_a the_o whole_a country_n of_o poland_n be_v full_a of_o wood_n and_o lithuania_n much_o more_o and_o there_o be_v some_o forest_n so_o large_a that_o it_o will_v require_v at_o least_o a_o whole_a day_n to_o pass_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o the_o revenue_n of_o those_o forest_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v firr-tree_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o the_o sale_n of_o the_o wood_n but_o in_o the_o gather_n in_o of_o the_o honey_n and_o wax_n which_o they_o find_v in_o the_o hollow_a trunk_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o so_o great_a quantity_n that_o in_o many_o place_n it_o yield_v above_o 10000_o livre_n a_o year_n there_o be_v so_o much_o honey_n in_o poland_n and_o especial_o in_o lithuania_n that_o they_o make_v a_o sort_n of_o wine_n or_o mead_n of_o it_o
magnificent_a that_o they_o resemble_v the_o triumph_n of_o a_o live_a man_n rather_o than_o the_o interment_n of_o the_o dead_a the_o corpse_n be_v put_v into_o a_o coffin_n be_v carry_v upon_o a_o chariot_n draw_v by_o six_o horse_n cover_v with_o black_a housing_n the_o coffin_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o large_a pall_n of_o black_a velvet_n with_o a_o cross_n of_o rod_n satin_n in_o the_o middle_n six_o of_o the_o domestic_a servant_n of_o the_o decease_a in_o mourn_a habit_n hold_v up_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o pall._n the_o chariot_n be_v precede_v by_o priest_n monk_n and_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o people_n with_o light_v torch_n of_o white_a wax_n three_o man_n on_o horseback_n carry_v the_o armour_n of_o the_o decease_a one_o his_o sword_n the_o other_o his_o lance_n and_o the_o three_o his_o dart._n the_o procession_n march_v so_o soft_o that_o it_o be_v late_a before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o church_n where_o after_o the_o service_n be_v over_o those_o who_o carry_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o decease_a enter_v the_o church_n on_o horseback_n and_o at_o a_o full_a gallop_n break_v the_o arm_n against_o the_o coffin_n which_o be_v afterward_o inter_v then_o they_o return_v to_o the_o house_n where_o agreat_a feast_n be_v prepare_v and_o not_o only_o drink_v to_o excess_n but_o make_v the_o ecclesiastic_n follow_v their_o example_n the_o mourn_a habit_n of_o the_o man_n be_v not_o different_a from_o we_o but_o on_o such_o occasion_n the_o lady_n of_o quality_n be_v apparel_v in_o course_n black_a sâ—uff_n their_o very_a linen_n be_v courser_n than_o canvas_n and_o those_o of_o the_o great_a quality_n wear_v the_o courset_a linen_n and_o cloth_n this_o habit_n do_v not_o ill_o become_v widow_n that_o be_v young_a and_o handsome_a chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o diet_n and_o entertainment_n of_o the_o polander_n the_o polander_n seldom_o or_o never_o eat_v any_o breakfast_n but_o both_o the_o man_n and_o woman_n especial_o the_o latter_a usual_o drink_v in_o the_o morning_n beer_n boil_v with_o ginger_n yolk_n of_o egg_n and_o sugar_n they_o eat_v common_o at_o their_o meal_n beef_n and_o veal_n which_o be_v excellent_a in_o this_o country_n their_o mutton_n be_v not_o very_o good_a and_o for_o that_o reason_n they_o usual_o give_v it_o to_o their_o servant_n they_o have_v general_o a_o aversion_n to_o cold_a meat_n they_o have_v abundance_n of_o grace_n but_o no_o red_a partridge_n and_o great_a store_n of_o hare_n but_o no_o rabbit_n which_o they_o do_v not_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o inconveniency_n for_o general_o speak_v a_o polander_n will_v eat_v a_o cat_n as_o soon_o as_o a_o rabbit_n yet_o they_o bring_v up_o some_o white_a rabbit_n in_o their_o chamber_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o their_o fur_n there_o be_v abundance_n of_o buck_n but_o few_o stag_n in_o poland_n and_o many_o wild_a boar_n hog_n capon_n hen_n chicken_n turkey_n fowl_n pigeon_n duck_n and_o goose_n there_o be_v also_o many_o wildâ—_n goose_n snipe_n and_o duck_n in_o the_o summer_n but_o few_o in_o winter_n because_o all_o the_o lake_n and_o river_n in_o poland_n be_v freeze_v up_o in_o the_o winter_n and_o this_o be_v 〈◊〉_d the_o reason_n why_o we_o have_v such_o abundance_n of_o wildfowl_n in_o the_o winter_n there_o be_v also_o in_o poland_n a_o great_a many_o woodcock_n most_o of_o which_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o capon_n but_o there_o be_v very_o few_o so_o large_a as_o those_o in_o the_o forest_n of_o ardenne_n and_o lorraine_n theâ—e_n be_v abundance_n of_o pheasant_n and_o wood-hen_n in_o lithuania_n and_o store_n of_o bustard_n in_o prussia_n theâ—_n be_v certain_a bird_n resemble_v large_a sparrow_n which_o come_v into_o those_o province_n in_o the_o winter_n they_o be_v call_v snow-bird_n and_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o taste_n the_o polander_n never_o eat_v any_o tame-fowl_n but_o what_o be_v bring_v in_o the_o morning_n alive_a into_o the_o kitchen_n where_o it_o be_v kill_v for_o dinner_n they_o be_v great_a lover_n of_o sucking-pig_n which_o be_v very_o good_a meat_n when_o they_o be_v roast_v but_o be_v common_o very_o ill_o dress_v the_o great_a lord_n seldom_o dine_v without_o a_o dish_n of_o pease_n and_o bacon_n but_o the_o bacon_n be_v cut_v into_o slice_n and_o lay_v upon_o the_o pease_n they_o eat_v all_o sort_n of_o mushroom_n that_o grow_v in_o the_o wood_n and_o even_o those_o that_o grow_v upon_o tree_n which_o they_o gather_v and_o dry_a to_o preserve_v '_o they_o these_o mushroom_n be_v reckon_v poisonous_a among_o we_o but_o be_v as_o general_o eat_v in_o poland_n as_o poppy-seed_n which_o they_o usual_o devour_v like_o millet_n the_o polander_n never_o make_v pottage_n but_o when_o they_o meet_v with_o any_o that_o be_v make_v by_o french_a cook_n they_o eat_v it_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o pleasure_n their_o boil_v meat_n be_v better_a and_o more_o savoury_a than_o we_o because_o they_o do_v not_o boil_v it_o so_o much_o their_o sauce_n be_v also_o extreme_o different_a from_o those_o that_o be_v in_o use_n among_o we_o they_o make_v a_o yellow_a sauce_n with_o saffron_n a_o white_a sauce_n with_o cream_n a_o grey_a sauce_n with_o onion_n and_o a_o black_a sauce_n with_o the_o juice_n of_o plum_n they_o season_n all_o those_o sauce_n with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o sugar_n pepper_n cinnamon_n ginger_n cloves_n nutmeg_n olive_n caper_n and_o prune_n especial_o in_o the_o sauce_n which_o they_o make_v for_o fish_n which_o they_o dress_v better_a than_o the_o french_a they_o use_v so_o much_o spice_n that_o there_o be_v some_o lord_n who_o spend_v above_o 50000_o livre_n a_o year_n in_o these_o commodity_n they_o usual_o eat_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o meat_n and_o little_a bread_n though_o there_o grow_v abundance_n of_o corn_n in_o poland_n especial_o rye_n which_o be_v much_o better_a than_o in_o france_n they_o be_v also_o great_a lover_n of_o root_n which_o they_o dress_v well_o and_o eat_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o cachat_n which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o meal_n make_v of_o corn_n as_o of_o barley_n millet_n or_o oat_n or_o sometime_o of_o a_o small_a grain_n which_o they_o call_v manna_n these_o cachat_n be_v very_o good_a when_o they_o be_v well_o dress_v and_o season_v they_o eat_v they_o on_o flesh-day_n with_o milk_n and_o butter_n and_o on_o fasting-day_n with_o oil_n but_o some_o begin_v already_o to_o dispense_v with_o this_o rule_n especial_o on_o saturday_n as_o there_o be_v few_o fish_n in_o the_o baltic_a which_o be_v the_o only_a sea_n that_o border_n upon_o poland_n they_o be_v almost_o whole_o destitute_a of_o sea-fish_n but_o that_o defect_n be_v abundant_o supply_v by_o the_o great_a plenty_n of_o fresh-water-fish_n such_o as_o pike_n carp_n eel_n perch_n tenche_n bream_n trout_n barbel_n shadd_n sturgeon_n salmon_n lobster_n and_o lamprey_n the_o usual_a drink_n in_o poland_n be_v beer_n but_o in_o lithuania_n and_o vkrania_n they_o common_o drink_v mead_n because_o of_o the_o numerous_a swarm_n of_o bee_n that_o be_v in_o the_o forest_n of_o those_o country_n after_o meal_n the_o gentleman_n and_o the_o rich_a sort_n of_o the_o burgher_n drink_v a_o glass_n of_o hungary_n wine_n because_o they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o beer_n alone_o be_v too_o cold_a and_o will_v injure_v their_o stomach_n if_o not_o correct_v by_o the_o comfortable_a warmth_n of_o a_o glass_n of_o wine_n in_o lithuania_n and_o vkrania_n they_o have_v two_o sort_n of_o wine_n make_v of_o honey_n red_a and_o white_a or_o mead_n and_o metheglin_n they_o be_v both_o pleasant_a liquor_n though_o they_o taste_v a_o little_a of_o the_o wax_n the_o beer_n be_v very_o good_a of_o a_o amber-colour_n and_o of_o a_o brisk_a and_o poignant_a sweetness_n especial_o that_o of_o varka_o or_o that_o which_o the_o gentleman_n make_v for_o their_o private_a use_n which_o be_v common_o much_o strong_a than_o that_o which_o the_o brewer_n make_v to_o sell_v beside_o beer_n and_o mead_n the_o polander_n and_o lithuanian_n drink_v also_o hungary_n italian_n french_a and_o rhenish_a wine_n the_o first_o be_v better_a and_o strong_a than_o any_o spanish_a wine_n it_o be_v bring_v from_o hungary_n to_o cracow_n over_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n in_o large_a cask_n draw_v by_o ox_n after_o which_o it_o be_v put_v in_o small_a vessel_n the_o best_a sort_n be_v sell_v for_o 12_o or_o 15_o livre_n the_o polish_v pot_n which_o hold_v about_o 3_o quart_n and_o consequent_o we_o may_v reasonable_o suppose_v that_o the_o poor_a be_v force_v to_o abstain_v from_o so_o costly_a a_o liquor_n the_o italian_a wine_n be_v bring_v to_o poland_n by_o land_n but_o be_v not_o so_o much_o use_v as_o the_o former_a both_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a distance_n and_o because_o of_o its_o luscious_a sweetness_n which_o make_v it_o only_o fit_a for_o woman_n the_o french_a
and_o make_v it_o the_o place_n of_o his_o residence_n after_o the_o death_n of_o lechus_n the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v commit_v to_o twelve_o palatine_n cracus_n 700._o an._n d._n 700._o he_o build_v cracow_n and_o transfer_v the_o court_n or_o residence_n of_o the_o prince_n from_o gnesna_n to_o that_o city_n lechus_n ii_o he_o assassinate_v his_o father_n cracus_n in_o a_o wood_n and_o give_v out_o that_o he_o be_v tear_v in_o piece_n by_o a_o bear_n queen_n venda_fw-la 750._o an._n d._n 750._o a_o princess_n equal_o famous_a for_o her_o beauty_n and_o valour_n after_o her_o death_n the_o kingdom_n be_v again_o govern_v by_o twelve_o palatine_n primislaus_n or_o lescus_n i._n 760._o an._n d._n 760._o a_o person_n of_o mean_a birth_n but_o of_o extraordinary_a courage_n and_o wisdom_n he_o be_v make_v prince_n or_o duke_n of_o poland_n with_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o consideration_n of_o the_o important_a service_n he_o have_v do_v to_o his_o country_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o huns._n lesco_n ii_o surname_v the_o black_n 804._o an._n d._n 804._o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v assist_v attila_n in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o roman_n lesco_n iii_o 810._o an._n d._n 810._o the_o son_n and_o successor_n of_o lesco_n ii_o he_o be_v also_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o roman_n popiel_n i._n 815._o an._n d._n 815._o a_o debauch_a and_o effeminate_a prince_n popiel_n ii_o 830._o an._n d._n 830._o succeed_v his_o father_n and_o imitate_v his_o example_n he_o be_v eat_v up_o by_o mouse_n piastus_n 842._o an._n d._n 842._o he_o be_v advance_v from_o the_o blow_n to_o the_o throne_n in_o consideration_n of_o his_o justice_n and_o integrity_n semovitus_fw-la or_o ziemonitus_fw-la 861._o an._n d._n 861._o he_o defeat_v the_o vandal_n and_o conquer_a several_a country_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o balthic_n sea_n lesco_n iu._n 892._o an._n d._n 892._o he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o all_o his_o neighbour_n semislaus_n or_o ziemomistus_fw-la 913._o an._n d._n 913._o he_o maintain_v the_o peace_n which_o his_o predecessor_n have_v establish_v mesco_fw-it or_o miecislaus_fw-la 964._o an._n d._n 964._o he_o be_v bear_v blind_a but_o receive_v his_o sight_n during_o his_o father_n life_n who_o upon_o this_o occasion_n consult_v those_o who_o pretend_v to_o foretell_v thing_n to_o come_v be_v inform_v that_o his_o son_n shall_v be_v remarkable_a for_o piety_n he_o be_v the_o first_o duke_n or_o prince_n of_o poland_n who_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n boleslaus_n i._o surname_v chrobri_n 999._o an._n d._n 999._o he_o lay_v aside_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n with_o which_o his_o predecessor_n have_v content_v themselves_o and_o be_v solemn_o style_v king_n of_o poland_n and_o friend_n and_o ally_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n by_o otho_n iii_o an._n 1001._o he_o subdue_v the_o bohemian_o moravian_o silesian_n prussian_n and_o pomeranian_o mesco_fw-it or_o miecislaus_fw-la ii_o 1025._o an._n d._n 1025._o a_o lazy_a and_o effeminate_a prince_n under_o his_o reign_n the_o bohemian_o and_o moravian_o revolt_a from_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n casimir_n i._n 1041._o an._n d._n 1041._o he_o be_v dethrone_v and_o force_v to_o enter_v into_o a_o cloister_n but_o afterward_o raise_v a_o army_n and_o defeat_v the_o tyrant_n who_o have_v usurp_v the_o crown_n boleslaus_n ii_o surname_v the_o bold_a 1059._o an._n d._n 1059._o he_o defeat_v the_o huns_n and_o other_o scythian_a nation_n and_o subdue_v moravia_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o glory_n of_o his_o victory_n his_o memory_n be_v infamous_a in_o history_n he_o fall_v in_o love_n with_o a_o mare_n and_o barbarous_o murder_v the_o bishop_n stanislaus_n who_o reprove_v he_o for_o his_o brutish_a and_o unnatural_a lust_n and_o for_o these_o detestable_a crime_n both_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n be_v deprive_v of_o the_o regal_a dignity_n he_o be_v expel_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o tear_v in_o piece_n by_o dog_n vladislaus_n i._o surname_v hermannus_n 1082._o an._n d._n 1082._o a_o warlike_a and_o just_a prince_n boleslaus_n iii_o surname_v crivoustus_n 1103._o an._n d._n 1103._o he_o assist_v the_o hungarian_n against_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v very_o powerful_a at_o sea_n vladislaus_n ii_o 1146._o an._n d._n 1146._o he_o endeavour_v to_o oppress_v his_o brother_n but_o be_v at_o last_o defeat_v and_o expel_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n boleslaus_n iv_o surname_v crispus_n 1146._o an._n d._n 1146._o he_o make_v war_n with_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n barbarossa_n miecislaus_fw-la iii_o surname_v the_o age_a 1174._o an._n d._n 1174._o he_o be_v depose_v for_o oppress_v the_o people_n with_o exorbitant_a imposition_n casimit_n ii_o 1178._o an._n d._n 1178._o succeed_v his_o brother_n abrogate_v the_o unjust_a law_n that_o be_v establish_v by_o his_o predecessor_n and_o free_v the_o people_n from_o tyrannical_a imposition_n lesco_n v._o surname_v the_o white_a 1195._o an._n d._n 1195._o he_o be_v attack_v by_o this_o uncle_n miecislaus_fw-la the_o age_a and_o defend_v himself_o with_o various_a success_n till_o he_o be_v at_o last_o surprise_v as_o he_o be_v bathe_v himself_o and_o thrust_v through_o with_o a_o spear_n during_o the_o turbulent_a reign_n of_o this_o prince_n the_o country_n be_v miserable_o harass_v and_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v for_o some_o time_n assume_v by_o miecislaus_fw-la and_o afterward_o by_o vladislaus_n lasconogus_n boleslaus_n v._o surname_v the_o chaste_a 1226._o an._n d._n 1226._o in_o his_o time_n the_o tartar_n make_v a_o terrible_a havoc_n in_o poland_n lesco_n vi_o surname_v the_o black_n 1279._o an._n d._n 1279._o he_o be_v assist_v by_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n against_o conrade_n who_o have_v besiege_v cracow_n premislaus_n ii_o 1295._o an._n d._n 1295._o he_o reassume_v the_o regal_a title_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o be_v crown_v by_o james_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n he_o undertake_v a_o expedition_n against_o the_o bohemian_o but_o be_v surprise_v and_o kill_v in_o his_o camp_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n wenceslaus_n 1296._o an._n d._n 1296._o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n obtain_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n he_o defeat_v the_o hungarian_n and_o fight_v against_o the_o emperor_n albert._n vladislaus_n iii_o surname_v locticus_n 1305._o an._n d._n 1305._o he_o be_v assist_v in_o his_o war_n by_o the_o lithuanian_n casimit_n iii_o surname_v the_o great_a 1333._o an._n d._n 1333._o a_o just_a and_o peaceful_a prince_n he_o free_v the_o kingdom_n from_o robber_n who_o during_o the_o late_a disorder_n have_v make_v the_o way_n unpassable_a and_o establish_v new_a law_n to_o suppress_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o soldier_n he_o entertain_v four_o king_n at_o a_o splendid_a feast_n viz._n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n cyprus_n denmark_n and_o of_o the_o roman_n and_o give_v his_o niece_n in_o marriage_n to_o the_o last_o lewis_n 1370._o an._n d._n 1370._o king_n of_o hungary_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n he_o rout_v the_o lithuanian_n in_o a_o memorable_a battle_n vladislaus_n iu._n or_o ii_o call_v jagello_n 1386._o an._n d._n 1386._o this_o prince_n who_o be_v duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o a_o pagan_a marry_v hedwige_v the_o daughter_n of_o king_n lewis_n and_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n he_o unite_v the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o extirpated_a paganism_n out_o of_o that_o country_n he_o obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n in_o prussia_n vladislaus_n v._o or_o iii_o 1434._o an._n d._n 1434._o he_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o hungary_n and_o be_v kill_v by_o the_o turk_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o varna_n casimit_n iv_o surname_v the_o great_a 1447._o an._n d._n 1447._o he_o take_v several_a town_n from_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n john_n albert._n 1492._o an._n d._n 1492._o he_o die_v as_o he_o be_v make_v preparation_n for_o a_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n alexander_n 1501._o an._n d._n 1501._o this_o prince_n be_v successful_a in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o moscovite_n and_o tartar_n sigismond_n i._n 1507._o an._n d._n 1507._o he_o defeat_v the_o muscovite_n tartar_n and_o hungarian_n and_o subdue_v prussia_n sigismond_n ii_o surname_v augustus_n 1548._o an._n d._n 1548._o this_o be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o race_n of_o vladislaus_n jagellon_n henry_n of_o valois_n 1574._o an._n d._n 1574._o he_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o intrigue_n of_o the_o french_a and_o four_o month_n after_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n retire_v private_o from_o poland_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n charles_n ix_o who_o he_o succeed_v in_o france_n stephen_n bathori_n prince_n of_o transilvania_n 1576._o an._n d._n 1576._o a_o wise_a brave_a and_o victorious_a prince_n his_o virtue_n be_v celebrate_v at_o his_o death_n in_o the_o follow_a elegy_n in_o
office_n under_o the_o penalty_n aforementioned_a this_o space_n of_o three_o year_n be_v afterward_o contract_v to_o two_o year_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o follow_a edict_n whereas_o in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o year_n last_o pass_v 1668._o the_o arian_n or_o socinian_n sect_n be_v banish_v out_o of_o our_o dominion_n by_o we_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n and_o three_o year_n time_n be_v allow_v they_o to_o sell_v off_o their_o good_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o present_a diet_n we_o grant_v they_o two_o year_n for_o sell_v their_o good_n to_o commence_v from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o last_o diet_n and_o to_o end_v precise_o on_o the_o twelve_o of_o july_n in_o the_o year_n next_o ensue_v 1669_o which_o shall_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o those_o who_o shall_v hereafter_o return_v into_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n church_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o several_a abscond_v in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o many_o other_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o favour_n 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be_v arm_v themselves_o and_o surround_v with_o arm_a troop_n set_v upon_o the_o house_n of_o nobleman_n which_o they_o plunder_v and_o fire_v and_o abuse_v the_o noble_a matron_n by_o rape_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o barbarity_n the_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n even_o before_o the_o law_n enact_v against_o we_o exercise_v the_o utmost_a severity_n thereof_o against_o we_o in_o many_o sad_a instance_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n my_o son-in-law_n the_o patron_n of_o the_o church_n of_o siedlicia_n suffer_v just_a before_o that_o law_n be_v make_v at_o last_o after_o so_o many_o unlawful_a prosecution_n of_o innocent_a person_n come_v out_o that_o law_n a_o upstart_n patroness_n of_o all_o those_o injury_n we_o suffer_v and_o by_o a_o unheard-of_a example_n enter_v as_o it_o be_v through_o the_o very_a jaw_n of_o our_o liberty_n into_o the_o body_n of_o our_o law_n at_o first_o indeed_o it_o seem_v superfluous_a since_o without_o a_o new_a law_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o 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