six hundred seventy eight M. Licinius Lucullus govern'd the Province of Macedonia the Cousin of that Lucullus who managed the War against Mithridates In Italy on a sudden arose a new War for seventy four Gladiators under the command of Spartacus Chrysus and Oenomaus having broken out of their fencing School at Capua fled away and wandering through Italy commenc'd as great a War as Hannibal did for overcoming many of the Roman Captains and two of their Consuls they gathered together an Army of almost sixty thousand Men at last they were conquered by M. Licinius Crassus the Proconsul in Apulia and after many calamities in Italy the War was ended the third year by him In the year of the City six hundred and eighty in the Consulship of P. Cornelius Lentulus and Cnaeus Aufidius Orestes onely the Mithridatick and Macedonian Wars disturb'd the Roman Empire Lucius Lucullus and M. Lucullus managed them For L. Lucullus after his Victory over Mithridates at Cyzicus and his Captains in a Sea fight pursued him and having recovered Paphlagonia and Bithynia he marched into his Kingdom and took Sinope and Amisus two famous Cities in Pontus The second Battel was fought at the City Cabira where Mithridates had gathered together great Forces from all his Countries thereabouts when five thousand Romans putting to flight Mithridates with thirty thousand of his best Soldiers plunder'd his Camp Lucullus also subdu'd Armenia the less which Mithridates governed But he was received after his flight by Tigranes King of the greater Armenia who then reigned with great Fame and oftentimes beating the Persians had seiz'd upon Mesopotamia Syria and part of Phaenicia but Lucullus demanding Mithridates that fled entred Armenia Tigranes his Kingdom took there the famous City Tigranocerta and with eighteen thousand so overthrew Tigranes coming against him with six hundred thousand Cuirassiers one hundred thousand Archers and armed Men that he cut off a great part of his Armenians From thence he marched to the City Nisibis which he took with the King's Brother But those whom Lucullus had left in Pontus with part of the Army to defend the Romans with their conquest in the adjacent Countries behaving themselves carelesly and covetously gave an opportunity to Mithridates of breaking into Pontus and so the War was renewed and one sent to succeed Lucullus having taken Nisibis and preparing the War against the Persians the other Lucullus who governed Macedonia was the first of all the Romans that waged War against the Bessi and overcame them in a great Battel on the Mountain Aemus and having taken the City Vscudama which the Bessi inhabited in one Day and Cibyle he marched Conquerer even to the Danube From thence he went against many Cities bordering on Pontus where he sacked Apollonia and took Calaâ—â—s Parthenopolis Tomi Histrum and all Buzia After the War was ended he returned to Rome and both of them triumph'd but Lucullus who managed the War against Mithridates triumphed with greater glory being Conquerour of so considerable Kingdoms The Macedonian War being ended and by reason of Lucullus his return to Rome the Mithridatic War continuing which Mithridates with new Forces prosecuted there arose a War in Crete Caecilius Metellus was sent thither and in three year having subdued all the Provinces and being stil'd Creticus he triumphed from the conquest of that Island About the same time Libya was added to the Roman Empire by a grant in King Apion's will in which Province there were these famous Cities Berenice Ptolemais and Cyrene Whilst these things were perform'd the Pirats so infested the Seas that the Romans though the Conquerers of all the World could not safely sail Wherefore this War was Decreed to be managed by Cnaeus Pompeius who with great fortune and celerity ended it in few months Afterwards the War against Mithridates and Tigranes was committed to him which having undertook he overcame Mithridates in Armenia the less in a Battel by Night and plunder'd his Camp cutting off forty thousand of the Enemy with the loss onely of twenty of his Soldiers and two Centurions Mithridates fled with his Wife and two Attendants Afterwards when he tyranniz'd over his people in a mutiny of his Soldiers raised by his own Son Pharnaces he was forc'd to poison himself Thus Mithridates died at Bosphorus a Man of great industry and conduct he lived seventy reigned sixty and made War with the Romans forty years Then Pompey made War against Tigranes who surrender'd himself and coming to him in his Camp sixteen miles from Artaxata fell at his feet and delivered up his Crown which Pompey restored again and received him honourably but took away Syria Phaenicia Sophone besides fining him in six thousand Talents of Silver to be paid to the Romans for raising War against them without a cause Afterwards Pompey brought War on the Albani and thrice overcame Orodes their King who at last obtain'd a Peace by his Letters and Presents to Pompey He also overcame in a Battel Anthaces the King of Iberia who submitted to him He gave Armenia the less to Dejotarus the King of Galatia for assisting him in the Mithridatic War And restoring Paphlagonia to Attalus and Pylemenes he made Aristarchus the King of the Colchi Then he subdued the Ituraei and the Arabians and coming into Syria made Seleucia near Antioch a free City because it had not aided King Tigranes He restor'd the people of Antioch their Hostages and added some grounds to the Daphnenses to enlarge their Groves being delighted with the pleasantness of the place and its many Springs From thence he marched into Judaea and in the third month took Jerusalem the chief City and having slain twelve thousand Jews he receiv'd the rest into his protection Having performed these things he returned into Asia and so ended this long War In the Consulship of Marcus Tullius Cicero the Orator and C. Antonius in the year of the City six hundred eighty nine Lucius Sergius Catilina a Man of high birth but of a very vitious Disposition plotted with some audacious Noble Men against his Country but he was driven out of the City by Cicero and his Associates upon apprehension strangled in Prison Catiline also overcome in a Battel was slain by Antonius the other Consul In the year of the City six hundred and ninety in the Consulship of D. Junius Silanus and L. Murena Metellus triumphed for conquering Crete and Pompey for the Piratic and Mithridatic Wars no pomp of a Triumph was ever like to Pompey's for Mithridates his and Tigranes's Sons also Aristobulus the King of the Jews with a great Sum of Money were carried before his Chariot At that time there was no considerable War in all the World with the Romans In the year of the City six hundred ninety three Caius Julius Caesar who was afterwards Emperour and L. Bibulus were made Consuls Caesar having obtain'd by Order of Senate the Government of Gaul and Illyricum with ten Legions first overcame the Helvetii who are now
he suffer'd the Gauls and Pannonians to have Vineyards and his Soldiers having planted Vines on the Mountain Almus near Sirmium and on the Mountain Aureus in the upper Maesia he charg'd the Inhabitants to look after them he when he had waged a great many Wars having obtain'd peace said that within a little time there would be no need of Soldiers he was a valiant and just man equalling Aurelian in Military glory but excelling him in civility and was kill'd in the Iron Tower at Sirmium in a Mutiny of his Soldiers having reign'd six months and four days After him Carus being Emperor born at Narbona in Gaul made Carinus and Numerianus his Sons his Caesars with whom he rul'd two years but whilst he waged War with the Sarmatians having heard of the Insurrection in Persia marching to the East he performed noble actions against them and overthrew them in a Battel he took Seleucia and Ctesiphon very eminent Cities and when he had pitch'd his Camp by the Tigris was kill'd by a Thunder-bolt Numerianus his Son whom he had brought along with him into Persia a young man of very great hopes being carried by reason of a pain in his eyes in his Litter was treacherously kill'd through the incitement of Aper his Father-in-law and when he had cunningly hid him till he could get the Empire for himself his murder was found out by the stench of his body the Soldiers of his Guard being disturb'd with the smell having taken off the cloaths of the Bed after a few days discover'd his death In the mean time Carinus whom Carus when he made his expedition against the Parthians had left in Illyricum Gaul and Italy defil'd himself in all manner of Vice he put many to death with the accusation of forg'd crimes he abus'd many Noblewomen and was also mischievous to his fellow Students who had been somewhat smart upon him in their Schools for which being hated by all men he a little after was punish'd The Army returning home after the conquest of Persia when Carus and Numerianus their Emperors were killed one by a Thunder-bolt the other by treachery made Dioclesian Emperor born in Dalmatia of obscure Parents being generally reported to be the Son of a Scrivener but by some the Son of a Freeman to Anulinus a Senator he in the first Assembly of the Soldiers swore that he had no hand in killing Numerianus and when Aper who murder'd Numerianus stood next to him he run him through with his own hand in the sight of all the Army afterward he overcame Carinus in a great Battel at Murgum who liv'd hated and detested of all men he was deliver'd up by his own Army being stronger than the Enemy and deserted between the Mountain Viminatius and Aureus Thus Dioclesian obtain'd the Roman Empire and the Country people in Gaul making an Insurrection and calling their Rebellion by the name of the Bagaude under their Captains Amandus and Aelianus he sent Maximianus Herculius his Caesar to suppress them who in small Skirmishes overcame them and settled that part of Gaul Then also Carausius who born of a very mean Family had got great honor by his good service in the War when at Dononia all along the Coast of Belgick Gaul and Armorica he had undertook to secure the Seas which the Franks and the Saxons infested having often taken many Barbarians and not restoring the entire spoil neither to the Inhabitants of the Province nor presenting it to the Emperors when there began to be a suspicion that he had let in the Barbarians on purpose that he might meet them in their passage and so enrich himself with the spoils being commanded by Maximianus to be kill'd made himself Emperor and seiz'd upon on Britanny So when all over the world things were in confusion Carausius rebell'd in Britanny Achilleus in Aegypt the Quinquegentiani molested Africa Narseus made War in the East Diocletian advanc'd Maximianus Herculius from Caesar to Augustus and made Constantius and Maximianus Caesars of whom Constantius was Claudius's Grand-Son by his Daughter Maximianus Galerius was born in Dacia not far from Sardica and that he might also ally them by affinity Constantius married Theodora the Daughter-in-law of Herculius of whom he had six Children the Brothers of Constantine Galerius married Valeria the Daughter of Dioclesian both of them being forc'd to divorce their former Wives At last he made peace with Carausius when he had endeavoured a War in vain against him being very skilful in Military Discipline Allectus his Colleague kill'd him seven years after and kept Britanny three years after his death who also was kill'd by Asclepiodotus Captain of the Guards so Britanny in the tenth year was reduced to the the Roman Power About the same time a Battel was fought by Constantius in Gaul near the Lingones in one day he had experience of good and bad fortune for on a suddain the Barbarians rushing upon him he was forc'd to retreat into the City they were in such disorder that having shut up the Gates they drew him up the Walls by Ropes Within less than five hours after a fresh Army coming up he destroy'd almost sixty thousand Almans also Maximianus the Emperor finish'd the War in Africa having overcome the Quinquegentiani and forc'd them to make a Peace Dioclesian within the space of eight months overcame Achilleus besieg'd in Alexandria and kill'd him he exercis'd his Victory with cruelty and defil'd all Aegypt with severe proscriptions and slaughters but on that occasion he manag'd and did many things wisely which remain to this time Galerius Maximianus fought between Callinicum and Carrae at first unhappily but at last successfully yet rather through indiscretion than cowardise joyning Battel with a very few men against a very powerful Enemy wherefore being beat he went to Dioclesian who meeting him in the way was reported to have received him with such great pride that Galerius ran by his Litter some miles together afterwards having raised Forces in Illyricum and Maesia he fought again very successfully with equal conduct and valour in Armenia the Great against Narseus the Grand-father of Ormisda and Sapores having been himself a Scout with one or two Horsemen Narseus being overthrown he plunder'd his Camp took his Wives Sisters and Children a great many Persian Noblemen with a very rich Treasure and forc'd him to fly to the farthermost recesses of the Kingdom Wherefore upon his return this Conqueror was received with great honor by Dioclesian staying in Mesopotamia with a reserve Then they wag'd War sometimes together sometimes separate having overcome the Carpi the Basternae and the Sarmatians They plac'd a great many Captives of these Nations upon the Roman Frontiers Dioclesian was cunning witty and subtil so managing himself in his severity that other men might bear the hatred Nevertheless he was a very careful and prudent Prince and was the first that rather observ'd the form of Regal Customs than of Roman Liberty and when before his
of the Horse The first Sedition of the Roman People was in the sixteenth year after the expulsion under pretence that the Commons were oppressed by the Senate and the Consuls Then the Tribunes of the people were made as their proper Judges and Defenders by whom the people might be defended from the Senate and Consuls The next year the Volsci renew'd the War against the Romans and were overcome losing their chief City Corioli In the eighteenth year Quintius Marcius a Roman General who took the City Corioli from the Volsci was banished being angry he goes to the same Volsci and having an Army committed to him against the Romans evercame them in many Battels until he came within five miles of Rome designing to ruin his Native Country having sent back those Embassadors who desired peace had not his Mother Veturia and Wife Volumnia come to him from Rome But he being overcome by their Tears and Entreaties he drew off his Army And was the second who led an Army against his own Country after King Tarquin Coeso Fabius and Titus Virginius being Consuls three hundred Noble Men who were of the Fabian Family undertook the War against the Vejentes without aid promising the Senate and the People that they would by themselves maintain it Accordingly all of them marched out of Rome and every one of them was slain each of them deserving to have been a General One only survived of this great Family who being too young was left at home Soon after a new Register is made at Rome and the number of the Roman Citizens was found to be a hundred and nineteen thousand The year following when the Roman Army was blocked up in the Mount Algidus almost twelve miles from Rome Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus was made Dictator who managing a Farm of four Acres tilled it with his own hands He when he was found Plowing having wiped off the sweat from his Face put on his Robe and relieved the Army having overthrown his Enemies Three hundred and one year from the building of the City the Consular Power which was Supreme ended and ten Men were elected instead of two Consuls called the Decemviri but when they had passed over the first year well in the second year Appius Claudius one of the Decemviri would have defloured a certain young Maid the Daughter of one Virginius who at that time was in service against the Latins whom her Father killed lest she should be dishonour'd by him and returning to the Army raised a Mutiny The Power of the Decemviri was taken away and they condemned In the three hundred and fifteenth year from the building of the City the Fidenates rebelled against the Romans the Vejentes with their King Tolumnius aided them both of which Cities were so near Rome that Fidena was but seven and Veii eighteen miles off and also the Volsci joyned themselves to these But they were conquered by Aemilius the Dictator and Lucius Quintius Cincinnatus General of the Horse King Tolumnius being slain the City Fidena was taken and razed Twenty years after the Vejentes revolted and Furius Camillus the Dictator was sent against them whom he overcame first of all in a pitch'd Battel and took Veii one of the most ancient and the wealthiest Cities of Italy after a long Siege Then he took the noble City of the Falisci But he was maliciously accused as if he had not rightly divided the prey for which reason he was condemned and banish'd Not long after the Galli Senones came to Rome in pursuit of the Romans overcome at the River Allia twelve miles from Rome and took it nor could the Romans defend any thing but the Capitol which when the Gauls had besieged a long while and the Romans very much wanting provision Camillus who pass'd his banishment in a neighbouring City came upon them on a sudden and overthrew them Afterwards they departed having received a Sum of Gold to raise their Siege before the Capitol But Camillus chasing them so overcame them that he recovered the Gold which was given them and all the Military Ensigns which they had taken So the third time he entred Rome in triumph and was stil'd the Second Romulus as if he also had been the founder of his Country The Second Book OF EVTROPIVS The Wars with the Latins Sabins Samnites the Tarentine War with King Pyrrhus and the first War with the Carthaginians with other contemporary Actions of the Romans From V. C. 365. to 512. By Mr. Christopher Lowther IN the three hundred sixty fifth year after the building of the City and the first after it was taken by the Gauls they changed their Officers and instead of two Consuls set up Military Tribunes with a Consular Power From this time the Roman Empire began to enlarge its Dominions for Camillus in the same year took the City of the Volsci which had waged War against the Romans for Seventy years and the City of the Aequi and the Sutrini and having slain their Armies seized all their Cities for which actions he triumphed thrice Also Titus Quintius Cincinnatus pursuing the Praenestini who had come armed even unto the Gates of Rome defeated them at the River Allia and added their Cities to the Roman Empire and having besieged the City Praeneste made it surrender he performed all these actions in twenty days for which they decreed him a Triumph The Authority of the Military Tribunes lasted not long being soon dissolved For four years they were the Supream Officers in Rome then the Military Tribunes resumed again their Dignity with a Consular Power and kept it for three years but afterwards the Consuls were restored In the Consulship of Lucius Genucius and Quintus Servilius Camillus died whom the Romans honour'd above all their famous men next to Romulus Titus Quintius the Dictator was sent against the Gauls who had lately invaded Italy They had pitched their Camps four miles from the City Rome on the other side of the River Anio Titus Manlius a most noble Senator fighting with a Gaul who challenged him slew him in single Combat and having taken off the golden Chain that was about his neck put it upon his own which procured a perpetual honour to his Family that they should be called Torquati the Gauls were put to flight and a little while after Caius Sulpicius the Dictator routed them Not long after Caius Marcius overcame the Tusci and seven thousand of them were led in Triumph The second time the People were taxed and muster'd and when the Latins whom the Romans had subdued would not send them Soldiers they from themselves listed their young Soldiers and made ten Legions which amounts to sixty thousand armed Men or more Yet in these small Affairs the Romans discover'd great valour in their Wars for when they marched against the Gauls under their General Lucius Furius Camillus one of the Gauls challenged the valiantest Man of the Romans to fight with him Then Marcus Valerius a Tribune profer'd himself and
North Armenia the Less and on the South Susiana Atella a Town of Campania Athenians the People of the City of Athens now called Setines famous for an University built on the Sea-Coast in Attica first by Cecrops and called Cecropia Aventinus one of th seven Hills of Rome Now M. di S. Sabina B. BAbylon a noble City in Chaldea anciently famous for its Brick-Walls built by Semiramis in height 300 foot in bredth 75. the River Euphrates passed through the midst of it It is now called Bagdet Basternae a People of Sarmatia in Europe in the Kingdom of Poland near the Euxine Sea Barbaria a Country in Africa it is divided into four Kingdoms Tunis Algiers Fess and Morocco and it lies all along the Africk Shore from the Streights of Gibraltar to Aegypt Bebriacum a Village in Italy between Cremona and Verona where Vitellius worsted Otho it is now called by the Italians la Bina Belgica the Low-Countrey or Neatherlands it containeth seventeen Provinces Beneventum a Town of the Hirpini now in the Kingdom of Naples built by Diomedes it was called Maleventum untill a Colony of Romans was brought there and for good lucks sake it was called Beneventum Berenice a Maritime City of Cyrene another in Aegypt both built by Ptolomy in honour of his Wife Bessi People of Thrace by the River Strymon famous for Theft and Robbery Bithynia a Countrey of Asia the Less next to Troas by Solinus it was called Bebrycia afterwards Mygdonia now 't is called Bursia and Becsanguil by the Turks Manili Bononia Bulloign a City of France in Picardy Bosphorani a People of Sarmatia nigh the Bosphorus Cimmerius Britannia the Isle of Britanny containing England Scotland and Wales it is 800. Miles long the whole Compass 1836 miles It hath on the East the German Sea on the West the Irish on the North the Scottish on the South it is divided by a narrow Sea from Gallia Belgica Brundusini the People of Brundusium now called Brindisi it is a City of Calabria by the Adriatick Sea which hath been a very commodious Haven whence was their usual Passage into Greece Brutij a People in the farthest part of Italy beyond the Lucani over against Sicily whose Kingdom is now called Calabria Burdegala Burdeaux in Guienne in France an Arch-Bishops Seat Byzantium a City of Thrace built by Pausanias a Spartan Captain it was called Ligos afterwards Nova Roma in the time of Severus and being enlarged and made the head of the Oriental Empire in the time of Constantine it was called Constantinople it is now under the power of the Turks being won by Mahomet the Second and it is called Stambol here is the Seat of the Grand-Seignior C. CAbira a City of Asia the Less in Paphligonia Callaeci a People of Lusitania or now rather Gallicia Campania a Champian Country of Italy in the Realm of Naples now called Terra di Lavoro Cannae a pitiful Village in Apulia famous for a great Overthrow which Hannibal gave the Romans there where were slain 40000. and among them such a number of Gentry that he sent three bushels full of Rings to Carthage Capitolium the Capitol a strong Castle of Rome built on one of the seven Hills of Rome of that Name Cappadocia a Country in Asia the Less it is otherwise called Leucosyria Almasia or Geneck and anciently Moga Capua a famous City of Campania not far from Naples Carnuntum a City of the Upper Pannonia now St. Petronel. Carpi a People of Salmatia Europoea Carrae a City in Mesopotamia by the Hebrews Charan now Heren Here Abraham dwelt and it was here that Crassus the Roman with his whole Army was Routed so miserably by the Parthians Carthago a famous City of Africa built by Dido after the Temple of Solomon 135 years and before the building of Rome 133. in the year of the destruction of Troy 300. now called Tunis Catalauni the People of a Country in Spain belonging to the Kingdom of Arragon Catanenses the People of Catana now Catania lying between Messina and Syracuse Catti People of Germany now under the Langrave of Hessen Celtiberia a Country in Spain lying near the River Iberus in the Countrey of Biscay Chalcedon a City in Bithynia where the fourth General Council was held before Christ 453. to refute the Heresie of Nestorius it is otherwise called Computa and of late time Calcitiu and Caulina Cilicia a Countrey in the Lesser Asia where St. Paul was born it is now called Caramania and Fenichia Cimbri a People of Denmark and Holstein Circessunt a Castle of the Romans not far from Euphrates Clypea a Maritime City of Africa Coelius one of the Seven Hills of Rome now M. di S. Giovanni Laterano Caeninenses the People of the Town Caenina in Italy Colchis a Countrey by the Euxine Sea in Asia near Pontus having on the North the Hill Corax being a part of Taurus on the East Iberia on the South Phasis it is now Mengrelia and Laxia Colchi the People of Colehis Concordia a City of the Carni by Aquileia also a City in Germany called Kochersberg Constantinople a City in Thrace called the Port by the Turks Stambol it is the Seat of the Grand Seignior Corinth a famous and rich City of Achaia placed in the Isthmus going into Morea Corsica an Isle in the Ligustick Sea about six miles from Sardinia 't is in compass 300 miles it is now under the City of Genoa Creta the Isle called Candia situated in the mouth of the Aegean Sea between Rhodes and Peloponnesus the breadth of it is fifty miles the length 279. Crustumii a People of Thuscia nigh the Veii in Italy Ctesiphon a Town of Assyria called Calamio or Calaneth Cyrene a Province of Libya between Mareotis and Zeugitana Cyzicus a large City of Mysia in the Lesser Asia by the Propontis D. DAcia a Country beyond Hungary and the Danow 't is now divided into Transylvania which was called Dacia Mediterranea and Valachia called the Hilly Dacia and Moldavia Daci the People of Dacia Dalmatae People of Dalmatia Dalmatia part of Illyricum now called Sclavonia lying between Croatia Bosnia Servia and the Adriatick Sea Danubius the Danow the greatest River in Europe as it passes by Illyricum it changes its name and is called Ister it receives into it sixty more Rivers and arises in the lowest side of Germany out of the Hill Arnoba and runs into the Euxine Sea Dardania the City of Troy in Phrygia in Asia the Less built by King Dardanus Dodonae a City of Chaonia or Molossia now called Larta or Janna and by the Turks under whose Government it is Arbanos E. EBoracum a City in the Kingdom of England called York Edessa a City of Syria Edessi the People of Edessa Ephesus a City in Ionia built by the Amazons as Justin says and called by Lysimachus who removed it to where it now stands after his Wife's name Arsinoe but now Figena or Efeso famous for the Temple of Diana one of the seven
departed from Tarentum and was slain at Argos a City of Greece In the Consulship of Caius Fabricius Luscinus and C. Claudius Cinna and in the four hundred sixty first year of the City Ptolemy sent Embassadours from Alexandria to Rome to make a friendship with the Romans which they obtained Quintius Gulo and C. Fabius Pictor being Consuls the Picentes raised a War and the next Consuls Pub. Sempronius and Appius Claudius overcame them for which Conquest they triumphed At this time the Romans built these Cities Ariminum in Gaul and Beneventum in Samnium In the Consulship of Marcus Attilius Regulus and Lucius Junius Libo the Roman people proclaimed War against the Salentini a people living in Apulia and vanquished the Brundusini with their City for which there was another Triumph In the four hundred seventy seventh year of the City the Roman Name was famous to all the World yet they had not waged War out of Italy Wherefore they made a Muster to know their Forces there were found two hundred ninty two thousand and three hundred thirty four although they had always been fighting ever since the building of the City The first forein War they made was against the Africans in the Consulship of Appius Claudins and Quintus Fulvius They fought them in Sicily and Appius Claudius triumphed over the Africans and Hiero the King of Sicily The next year Valerius Marcus and Octacilius being Consuls the Romans performed great Actions in Sicily they received into their protection the Taurominitani the Catanenses with fifty Cities The third year they designed to make War with Hiero the King of Sicily But he with all the Nobility of Syracuse desired to make Peace with the Romans and gave them two hundred Talents the Romans overcame the Africans in Sicily for which they triumphed the second time In the fifth year of the Punick War which was carried on against the Africans in the Consulship of Caius Duillius and Cnaeus Cornelius Asina the Romans fought first by Sea having prepared Ships headed with Iron which they call Liburnae Cornelius the Consul was killed by stratagem Duillius having joyned Battel defeated the Carthaginian Admiral and having took one and thirty of his Ships sunk fourteen he took seven thousand Prisoners and slew three There was no Victory more acceptable to the Romans than this because being a people invincible at Land they appeared now very powerful by Sea In the Consulship of Caius Aquilius Florus and Lucius Scipio Scipio took the Islands Corsica and Sardinia and having brought captive from thence several thousand obtained a Triumph L. Manlius Volso and M. Attilius Regulus being Consuls the Romans carried the War over into Africa and fighting by Sea against Hamilcar the Carthaginian General defeated him for he having lost sixty four Ships made homewards the Romans lost two and twenty but being come into Africa they first made the City Clypea surrender it self The Consuls went unto Carthage and having wasted many of their Towns Manlius after his Conquest returned to Rome bringing with him seven and twenty thousand Captives Attilius Regulus tarried in Africa He drew up his Army and fighting against three Carthaginian Captains overcame them and having slain eighteen thousand of their men and taken five thousand with eight Elephants received seventy Cities into the Roman protection Now the Carthaginians being routed desired to make peace with the Romans which Regulus denying but upon very hard terms they desired the Lacedaemonians to help them and Xantippus the General which they had sent defeated Regulus the Roman Geral with a total overthrow for of all his Army there escap'd onely two thousand fifteen thousand men were taken with their General thirty thousand slain and Regulus cast into Prison Marcus Aemilius Paulus and Servius Fulvius Nobilior being Consuls sailing to Africa with a Fleet of three hundred Ships overcame the Africans first in a Sea-fight Aemilius the Consul having sunk one hundred and four of their Ships took thirty with the men in them and having slain or taken fifteen thousand of the Enemy enriched his Souldiers with costly Spoils Now the Romans had subdued all Africa if the scarcity of provisions had not been such that their Army could not subsist there any longer The Consuls as they sailed homewards were Shipwrecked about Sicily and the Tempest so great that out of four hundred and sixty four Ships they could scarce save eighty neither was so great a storm ever heard of But the Romans soon set out another Fleet of two hundred Sail nor was there any one daunted with their former misfortune Cnaeus Servilius Cepio and C. Sempronius Blaesns the Consuls sailing to Africa with two hundred and sixty Ships took some Cities and returning home with rich Spoil were also Shipwracked Wherefore the Romans being afflicted with these continual calamities the Senate Decreed they should abstain from Sea-fights and onely keep a Fleet of sixty Ships to guard Italy In the Consulship of Lucius Caecilius Metellus and Caius Furius Pacilus Metellus the Consul in Sicily overcame a General of the Africans marching with thirty Elephants and great Forces and having slain twenty thousand of his men took six and twenty Elephants and gathered together divers others stragling up and down in the Country by the assistance of the Numidians who helped him in that War and brought them to Rome in great Pomp filling all the Roads with an hundred and thirty Elephants After these misfortunes the Carthaginians sent Regulus the Roman General whom they had taken Prisoner to desire the Romans to make peace and exchange their Captives he being come to Rome and brought into the Senate acted nothing as a Roman saying he was no Roman from that Day he had been taken by the Africans hindering even his Wife from embracing him he persuaded the Romans not to make peace with the Carthaginians for they being weaken'd with so many misfortunes were now hopeless he was not of so great value that they should restore so many Captives for him being an old Man and for a few Romans who had been taken Therefore he obtained his request For no body granted Peace to the Africans desiring it Upon his return to Carthage the Romans would have had him to have stay'd at Rome but he answered he could not live there with the same honour as before having been a Slave to the Carthaginians Wherefore when he returned to Africa they put him to a very cruel Death P. Claudius Pulcher and C. Junius being Consuls Claudius fighting with ill Omens against the Carthaginians was defeated for of two hundred and twenty Ships he fled with thirty the Enemy having taken ninety and sunk the rest twenty thousand being made captive Also the other Consuls Fleet was shipwracked but he saved his Army having landed it on the coast hard by Caius Luctatius Catulus and Aulus Posthumius Albinus being Consuls in the twenty third year of the Punick War having the management of the War sailed into Sicily with three hundred Ships
the Africans had a Fleet of four hundred against him Luctatius Catulus went sick a Shipboard for he had been wounded in the former Battel The Romans fought very valiantly over against Lilybaeum a City of Sicily they took seventy three Carthaginian Ships and sunk an hundred and twenty five they took thirty two thousand Prisoners having slain thirteen thousand with a great quantity of Gold and Silver Of the Roman Fleet there were but twelve Ships sunk This fight was on the sixth of the Ides of March The Carthaginians soon after desired to make Peace with the Romans which they granted them They restored the Romans their Captives and the Carthaginians having desired their own Captives might be ransomed the Senate commanded those who were in publick Prisons to be sent to them gratis expecting a Ransom onely for them in the possession of private men and upon their return to Carthage it should rather be paid out of the Treasury than by the Carthaginians Quintus Luctatius and Aulus Manlius being Consuls made War with the Falisci whose City heretofore abounded with Riches which War they finished within six days having slain fifteen thousand of the Enemy and granted Peace to the rest taking away half of their Land The Third Book OF EVTROPIVS The War with the Ligurians Sardinians Illyrians and the Cisalpine Gauls the second War with the Carthaginians with other passages From V. C. 512. to 551. By Mr. William Williams THE first Punick War being ended which continued for twenty two years the Romans being grown famous sent Embassadours to Ptolomy the Aegyptian King promising him aid because Antiochus the King of Syria had made War upon him He returned thanks to the Romans but accepted not their help for now the Battel was over At the same time Hiero the most powerful King of Sicily came to Rome to behold the Plays and gave two hundred thousand bushels of Wheat as a gift to the People In the Consulship of Lucius Cornelius Lentulus and Fulvius Flaccus at which time Hiero came to Rome the War also was carried on against the Ligurians in Italy and in conquering them the Romans triumphed The Carthaginians attempted now to renew the War inciting the Sardinians to rebel who ought to have been subject to the Romans according to their former Articles Yet Embassadours from the Carthaginians coming to Rome obtained Peace In the Consulship of Titus Manlius Torquatus and Caius Attilius Balbus the Roman people triumph'd over the Sardinians there being no Wars in any place the Romans enjoy'd peace which onely hapned when Numa Pompilius reigned from the building of Rome Lucius Posthumius Albinus and Cnaeus Fulvius Centumalus being Consuls waged War against the Illyrians and having taken many Cities the Kings of that Country submitted themselves and then the Romans triumphed first over the Illyrians In the Consulship of Lucius Aemilius great Armies of the Gauls passed over the Alps but all Italy assisted the Romans and 't is written by Fabius the Historian who was then a Soldier that eight hundred thousand Men were in readiness for that War but Affairs were manag'd so prosperously by the Consuls that forty thousand of the Enemies were slain and a Triumph Decreed for Aemilius Not many years after the Romans fought against the Gauls in Italy the War was ended in the Consulship of M. Claudius Marcellus and Cnaeus Cornelius Scipio Then Marcellus fighting with a small body of Horse slew with his own hand the King of the Gauls who was called Viridomarus After that with his Collegue he destroyed the great Forces of the Gauls and took Mediolanum and brought great Spoil to Rome and Marcellus triumphing carried the spoils of a certain Gaul on a Truncheon upon his shoulder In the Consulship of M. Minutius and P. Cornelius War was made with the Istri because they had robbed the Roman Ships which carried provision and they were all overcome The same year the Carthaginians began the second Punick War by Hannibal their General who besieged Saguntum a City of Spain in League with the Romans being in the twentieth year of his age his Army consisting of a hundred and fifty thousand Foot and twenty thousand Horse The Romans sent to Hannibal to keep the peace but he would not see the Embassadours Then sending also to Carthage that they should command Hannibal not to wage War against the Allies of the Roman people they received no civil answer In the mean while the Saguntines were overcome through Famine and being taken by Hannibal were put cruelly to the Sword Then Publius Cornelius Scipio having march'd with an Army into Spain and Tiberius Sempronius into Sicily War was proclaimed against the Carthaginians Hannibal having left his Brother Asdrubal in Spain passed over the Pyrenaean Mountains and made his way through the Alps hitherto unpassable in that part Hannibal is reported to have brought along with him eighty thousand Foot and twenty thousand Horse and seven and thirty Elephants In the mean while many Ligurians and Gauls listed themselves under Hannibal Sempronius Gracchus having notice of Hannibal's coming ship'd his Army out of Sicily to Ariminum Publius Cornelius Scipio first fought Hannibal the Battel being joyn'd his Soldiers fled and Scipio returned wounded into his Camp Sempronius Gracchus and Hannibal fought at the River Trebia He also was overcome Many in Ital submitted themselves to Hannibal he coming from thence into Tuscia fought Flaminius and slew him with five and twenty thousand Romans the rest being put to flight After that Quintus Fabius Maximus was sent against him He by not fighting stop'd the career of the Conqueror and after having found an opportunity overcame him In the five hundred and fortieth year from the building of the City Lucius Aemilius and P. Terentius Varro are sent against Hannibal succeeding Fabius in that War who admonish'd both the Consuls that they could overcome the eager and impatient Hannibal no otherwise than by deferring the Battel But through the rashness of Varro the other Consul contradicting him they fought at a Village in Apulia called Cannae both the Consuls were overcome by Hannibal In that Battel three thousand Africans were slain and a great part of Hannibal's Army wounded the Romans never suffer'd more in any Punick War for in this Fight Aemilius Paulus the Consul was slain and twenty that had been Consuls or Praetors thirty Senators were taken or kill'd three hundred Noble Men forty thousand Soldiers three thousand and five hundred Horse In which misfortunes the Romans disdain'd to mention Peace They listed their Servants having made them free a thing never done before After that Battel many Italian Cities which obeyed the Romans yielded themselves to Hannibal Who profering the Romans to redeem their Captives it was answered by the Senate that they wanted no such Citizens who when they were armed could not defend themselves After that he put them all to death with divers Torments and sent three bushels of golden Rings to Carthage which he pulled from the
called the Sequani Then after his Victories in very great Battels he marched a Conquerour even to the British Ocean He was almost nine years in subduing all Gaul which lies between the Alps the River Rhone the Rhine and the Ocean in compass three thousand and two hundred miles Then he brought War upon the Britans who never before heard of the Roman Name and having overcome them he took their Hostages and made them tributary to the Roman Empire and ordered Gaul to pay an annual tribute of above three hundred thousand pounds And then passing the Rhine overcame the Germans in very great Battels he was so fortunate that he fought but thrice unsuccessfully once in Person against the Arverni twice in his absence in Germany where his two Lieutenants Titurius and Arunculeius were slain in an Ambush About the same time in the year of the City six hundred ninety seven Marcus Licinius Crassus Pompey's Collegue made the second time Consul was sent against the Parthians and when he fought at Carrae both contrary to the Omens and Praedictions of the Southsayers he was overcome by Surena one of Orodes his Captains and at last was slain with his Son a famous and valiant young Man The residue of his Army was saved by Cnaeus Cassius his Questor who with great resolution and courage so repair'd the calamity that repassing the Euphrates he overcame the Persians in many Battels Now that lamentable and horrible civil War came on which besides the calamities that happen'd in Battel changed the condition of the Roman Name For Caesar returning Conquerour from Gaul required another Consulship and it being without dispute carried on his side he was oppos'd by Marcellus the Consul Bibulus Pompey and Cato and commanded having dismissed his Army to return to Rome for which Affront from Ariminum where he mustered his Soldiers he march'd against his native Country The Consul with Pompey the whole Senate and all the Nobility fled out of the City into Greece Pompey being General rais'd War against Caesar in Epirus Macedonia and Achaia Caesar having entered the City forsaken made himself Dictator Thence marching into Spain he routed Pompey's brave and stout Armies under the three Generals L. Afranius M. Petreius and M. Varro Then returning he marched into Greece where fighting against Pompey he was in the first Battel overthrown and put to flight but the Night drawing on he escaped and upon Pompey 's not pursuing him he said Pompey knew not how to conquer he being only that Day in his Power to have been overcome Afterwards they fought in Thessaly at Palaeopharsalus with great Armies on both sides Pompey's Army consisted of forty thousand Foot and seven thousand Horse in the left Wing with five hundred in the right besides the Auxiliary Forces of all the East all the Nobility with a great number of Senators Praetors and such as had been Consuls and the Conquerors of ny Nations Caesar's Army amounted to thirty thousand Foot with a thousand Horse The Roman Forces were never greater at one time nor never commanded by more valiant Generals they might have overcome the whole World if they had fought against their Enemies But after a sharp fight Pompey being overcome and his Camp plunder'd fled to Alexandria that he might receive aids from the King of Aegypt whose Guardian he had been by order of Senate in his minority but he following Pompeys fortune more than true friendship slew him and sent his Head and Ring to Caesar which he looking on is reported to have wept beholding the Head of so worthy a Man and once his Son-in-law Afterwards Caesar coming to Alexandria Ptolemy had Designs upon his life for which reason Caesar made War with him and he being overcome was drowned in the Nile but his body was afterwards found covered with a Gold Coat of Mail. Caesar having won Alexandria gave that Kingdom to Cleopatra Ptolemy's Sister with whom he had been dishonourably acquainted Caesar returning from thence overcame in a Battel Pharnaces great Mithridates's Son who aided Pompey in Thessaly and also rebelling in Pontus had seiz'd upon many of the Roman Cities upon which misfortune he kill'd himself Then Caesar upon his return to Rome made himself the third time Consul with M. Aemilius Lepidus who was the year before in his Dictatorship General of the Horse From thence he went into Africa to the War which very many of the Nobility with Juba King of Mauritania had raised against him The Roman Generals were P. Cornelius Scipio of the ancient Family of Scipio Africanus he was Father-in-law to Pompey the Great M. Petreius Q. Varius and M. Porcius Cato L. Cornelius Faustus the Son of Sylla the Dictator and Pompey's Son-in-law Caesar in a pitch'd Battel after many Skirmishes overcame them Cato Scipio Petreius and Juba slew themselves but Faustus was put to death After a year Caesar coming back to Rome made himself Consul the fourth time but soon went into Spain where Cnaeus and Sextus Pompey's Sons had levy'd a great War they fought many Battels the last was at the City Munda in which Caesar was so near overcome that seeing his Soldiers sly he would have slain himself lest after so great Military Glory and fifty six years old he should fall into the power of these young Men at last having rallied his Forces he overcame them and slew Pompey's eldest Son and put to flight the younger Now Caesar having ended the Civil Wars through all the World returned to Rome and began to govern too insolently and against the customs of the Roman Liberties He would bestow Honours at his own pleasure which were before given by the people neither would he rise up to the Senate coming to salute him he performed other things after a regal tyrannick manner Whereupon above sixty Senators and Roman Knights conspired against him The chief of the Conspirators were the two Bruti of Brutus's Family who was the first that was made a Roman Consul and had expell'd the Kings with Cnaeus Cassius and Servilius Casca who stab'd Caesar on a certain day with twenty three Wounds when he came to the Senate The Seventh Book OF EVTROPIVS The Reign of Augustus Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero Galba Otho Vitellius Vespasian Titus Domitian From A. V. 710. to V. C. 850. By Mr. Thomas Cornwallis CAESAR being kill'd about the seven hundred and ninth year of the City the Civil Wars were renewed The Senate favouring the murtherers of Caesar Antony the Consul one of Caesars party endeavoured to overthrow them in a Civil War Having therefore disturbed the Commonwealth and done many ill things he was judged an enemy by the Senate The two Consuls Pansa and Hirtius were sent to pursue him with Octavianus Caesar's Nephew a young man eighteen years old whom he made his Heir and commanded to bear his name This is he who afterwards was call'd Augustus and obtained the Empire Wherefore these three Generals marching against Antony overcame him but it happened out that
this Princes memory that even unto my time the Senators with no other phrase honour'd their Emperours than be thou happier than Augustus and better than Trajan So much hath the glory of goodness obtain'd from him that it gives an occasion of a great Example either to Flatterers or true Praisers After the decease of Trajan Aelius Adrianus was made Emperour indeed not with Trajan's Will but by the help of his Wife Plotina for he as long as he liv'd although he was his kinsman would not adopt him he was born at Italica in Spain who envying the glory of his Predecessour presently forsook those three Provinces which Trajan had added to the Roman Empire and recall'd his Forces out of Assyria Mesopotamia and Armenia and made Euphrates the Eastern bound of the Empire his Friends deter'd him endeavouring to do the same thing in Dacia lest many of the Roman Citizens should be expos'd to the Barbarians for when Trajan had conquer'd that Countrey he brought a great Colony out of the whole Roman Empire to plant and build Cities there Dacia being depopulated in the long War with Decibalus Aelius Adrianus enjoy'd peace all the time of his Reign having made only one War and that by the Governour of the Province he travel'd all over the Roman Empire and built in many places He was a very good Scholar both in Latin and Greek not esteem'd very merciful yet he took great care of his Revenue and the Discipline of his Soldiers He died in Campania above sixty years old and in the twenty first year tenth month and twenty ninth day of his Reign The Senate would not have made him a God onely Titus Aurelius Fulvius Antoninus that succeeded him by long intreaty when all the Senators resisted him openly at length obtain'd it Then Titus Antoninus Fulvius Bojonius was made Emperour after Adrianus he was also call'd Pius his Family was Noble but not very ancient yet he himself was so famous a Man that he might as deservedly be compar'd to Numa Pompilius as Trajan to Romulus When he was a private Man he was very honest but when Emperour much more He was rough to none but kind to all indifferently honour'd for his Military Actions affecting more to defend the Provinces than to increase them he made it his business to seek for men that were able to govern the Common-wealth always conferring great honour upon good Men and detesting the bad without severity he was no less venerable to his Confederate Kings than awful insomuch that many Nations of the Barbarians laid down their Arms and submitted themselves to his Opinion in their Controversies and Quarrels he was very rich before he was Emperour but wasted it in his Soldiers pay and gifts bestowed upon his Friends yet he left a rich Treasury behind him He was call'd Pius for his clemency and dy'd at Lorium his Country Palace about twelve miles from Rome in the seventy third year of his age and twenty third of his Reign and was deservedly made a God After him reign'd M. Antoninus Verus who was without doubt a most noble Prince for his Father descended from Numa Pompilius and his Mother from King Salentinus with him reign'd L. Annius Antoninus Verus for then the Roman Commonwealth first submitted to the equal authority of two Princes being govern'd before but by one Emperour These were ally'd by Kindred and Marriage for Verus Annius Antoninus married the Daughter of M. Antoninus but M. Antoninus was Son-in-law to Antoninus Pius by his Wife Galeria Faustina the younger who was his Cousin-german They made War with the Parthians who after the Victory of Trajan then made their first Rebellion V. Antoninus march'd to this War and living at Antioch near Armenia did great actions by the conduct of his Captains he took Seleucia a very famous City in Assyria with five hundred thousand Men and conquering the Parthians made a Triumph with his Brother and Father-in-law He dy'd in Venetia of the Disease which the Grecians call the Apoplexy being kill'd by a sudden eruption of blood in his brain in his Litter with his Brother as he was coming from Concordia to Altinum He was a rough Man yet never did any ill thing in reverence to his Brother he dy'd in the eleventh year of his Reign and was made a God After him only M. Antoninus govern'd the Commonwealth a man more to be admir'd than prais'd he was very peaceable from the beginning of his life insomuch that neither joy nor grief could alter his countenance he mightily lov'd the Stoick Philosophy and was Master of it as well by Learning as by the morality of his life Even when he was a youth he merited so great admiration that Adrianus design'd to make him his Caesar but having adopted Antoninus Pius he made him therefore his Son-in-law that he might come that way to the Government he learn'd Philosophy of Apollonius the Chalcedonian and Greek of Sextus Chaeronensis Plutarch's Nephew and Fronto that most excellent Orator taught him Latin he carry'd himself very justly to all the Romans and was no way puff'd up according to the haughtiness of Emperours he was very liberal and govern'd the Provinces with great moderation Affairs while he reign'd were carry'd on successfully against the Germans in his own Person he made one War with the Marcomanni as considerable as any in Story even to be compar'd with the Carthaginian Wars and from the loss of whole Armies to be esteem'd worse In his time there happen'd so great a Pestilence that after his Victory over the Persians a great number of Men and almost all his Soldiers dy'd through Italy and the Provinces Wherefore after he had persever'd with great labour and patience full three years at Carnuntum he ended that War with the Marcomanni which had been carry'd on by the confederacy of the Quadi the Vandali the Sarmatae the Suevi and all the neighbouring Barbarians he slew a great many thousand of them and having freed the Pannonii from their servitude he made another Triumph at Rome with his Son Com. Antoninus whom he had made his Caesar When his Exchequer was all exhausted in this War and he had no assistance by Presents being unwilling to lay any thing upon the Provinces or the Senate he made an Inventory of the furniture of his Palace and in Trajan's Forum for two months expos'd to sale his golden Vessels his Chrystal and Amber Cups his Wifes and his own Wardrobe and a great many Jewels from which he rais'd a good Sum of God and after the Victory bought his Houshold-stuff again of them that were willing to sell being offended with none that refus'd it He also granted that Noblemen might make Feasts with the same Grandeur and Retinue as himself After this Victory he was so noble in his Sports and publick Shews that he is reported to have expos'd in the Amphitheater an hundred Lions at once Thus after he had restor'd the Commonwealth to a prosperous condition he dy'd
was liberal towards his friends but not so careful as it became so great a Prince for there were some who would wound his honor he was very just to the Natives of the Provinces and eased them from Taxes as much as could be he was courteous to all men but took little care of his Exchequer very ambitious of glory which oftentimes transported his mind he was too great a Persecutor of the Christians yet so as he abstained from putting any to death he was not unlike M. Antoninus whom he endeavoured to imitate After Julian Jovian who at that time was one of the Guard was elected Emperor by the Soldiers more eminent by his Fathers commendation than by his own who through the disorder of his affairs and the want of provision in the Army when he was overcome in several Battels by the Persians made a necessary tho an ignoble peace with King Sapores being forced to diminish the Confines and to part with some of the Roman Empire which in eleven hundred and eighteen years from the building of Rome never hapned till his time I confess our Legions were made slaves at the Town Caudium by Pontius Telesinus in Spain also at Numantia and in Numidia yet no part of the Empire was surrendred This condition of Peace ought not altogether to have been blamed if Jovian would have broke the necessity of his League when it was fresh and in force as the Romans have done in all these Wars that I have given an account of for War was forthwith brought upon the Samnites the Numantians and the Numidians neither was there any Peace ratified But he staying in the East and fearing one that would rival him in his Empire little consulted his own honor wherefore in his march to Illyricum he suddenly died in the Confines of Galatia he was a man neither unactive nor imprudent Many snppose he died of a Surfeit for he loved to indulge Feasting at Supper others of the small of his Bed-chamber which coming from the fresh plaistering of the Wall was dangerous to such that lie there some think he died by the fume of too many coals which he commanded to be burnt it being very cold He died in the seventh month of his Reign on the fourteenth of the Kalends of March and as they who speak most probably in the three and thirtieth year of his age and by the kindness of his Successors was deified for he was inclined to civility and very liberal in his nature This was the state of the Roman Empire when this Jovian and Varronianus were Consuls in the eleven hundred and 19th year after the building of Rome But since I am come to famous and venerable Princes I will put an end to my work for I must speak of what remains in a more lofty stile which I do not at this time so much omit as reserve to be written more accurately A Geograpical INDEX To explain the names of the People Countrys Citys Rivers and Hills mentioned by Eutropius A. A Chaia largely taken is Hellas or Greece but strictly part of the Peloponnesus about Corinth Actium a City of Epirus on the Sea Shore and called Nicopolis in memory of Augustus's Victory over Mark Anthony and Cleopatra Adiabeni the people of Adiabene a Country of Assyria Aegypt a Country in Africa anciently divided by Mela into two parts the lower Delta the upper Thebais Famous for the invention of Arts and Physick Astronomy Husbandry c. It is bounded on the East with the Red-Sea on the West with Cyrene on the North with the Mediterranean-Sea on the South with Aethiopia Aemus or Haemus the greatest Hill of Thrace called now Balkan Aequi a People of Latium in Italy now called Campagna di Roma Aetoli a People of Greece between Acarnania and Phocis Africa one of the four parts of the World it is a Peninsula joyned to Asia by an Isthmus of sixty miles long Agrigentum the Town Gergento on the Hill Agragas in Sicily Agrippina now called Cologne a famous City of the Lower Germany upon the Rhine so called from Agrippina the Empress and Wife of Claudius Albani the People of Albania between Iberia and the Caspian-Sea Albis a River it runs through the midst of Germany called the Elb and falls into the Sea near Hamborough it has its name from Halb that is half Alexandria the name of many Citys but here in Aegypt now called Scanderia built by Alexander the Great Alexandrini the People of Alexandria Algidus a Hill 12 miles from Rome with the Town Algidum built upon it Allia a River of the Sabins in Italy flowing into the Tiber supposed now to be Rio de Mosso famous for the Slaughter of the 300. Fabij Almans a People of Germany near to Rhaetia heretofore inhabiting in Suevia now all the Germans are called Almans Altinum a Town of the Lower Pannonia now Hungary called Tolna Ambrones a People of France where Ambrun is now tho Cluverius makes them some of the Helvetii The Alps high Mountains which part Italy from Germany and France Anio a River of the Sabin's flowing into the Tyber three miles from Rome now called Teverone Antemnates the People of the City Antemnae in Italy Anthemisius a Country of Persia Antiochia Antioch a great City of Syria this is the City where men were first named Christians Apollonia a name of many Citys 1. in Macedonia 2. in Asia 3. in Thrace Apulia a Country in Italy it is now called Puglia it is divided into two parts the one is called Puglia Piana or Daunia the other Peucetia or Terra di Barri Aquileia a City of Italy not far from Venice Aquitania the third part of France now called Guienne one side bordering on the Ocean-Sea on the West it hath Spain on the North the Province of Lyons and on the South Narbone Arabia a Country of Asia so called between Judea and Aegypt It is divided into three parts Arabia the Stony Arabia the Desert and Arabia the Happy Ardea once a City of Italy twenty miles from Rome Argentoratum a City of Alsatia it is now called Strasburg Argos a Country and a City in the Peloponnese Ariminum a City of Italy by the River Rubico cow called Rimini Armenia now called Turcomania a Country of Asia divided into two parts the greater and the less the greater hath on the West Cappadocia on the East part of the Hyrcane-Sea on the South Mesopotamia the Less hath on the North and West a part of Cappadocia on the East Euphrates on the South Taurus Armorica Bretagne in France so called by Caesar Arverni a People of France by the River Loire this Province is called Auvergne Asia the third part of the World divided into two parts the Greater and the Lesser the Greater is parted from Europe by Tanais and from Africa by Nilus The Lesser is now under the power of the Turks and called Natolia Assyria a Country in Asia on the East it hath Media on the West Mesopotamia on the
Wonders of the World which was burned by Erostratus the same night that Alexander was born Epirus a Country in Greece 't was called by the Ancients Chaonia and Molossia now Larta and Chimera 't is under the Turks and by some called Albania inferior Esquilinus one of the seven Hills of Rome Eumenia a City of Phrygia built by Eumenes from whom it took its name Euphrates a River of Mesopotamia rising out of Niphatis a Hill of Armenia one of the Rivers that come out of Paradise it passes through Babylon and now called Aferat or Frat. Europa Europe one of the four parts of the World and most considerable for Arts and Arms so called from Europa the Daughter of Agenor King of Tyre F. FAlisci a People of Tuscany in Italy subdued by Camillus the Consul Fidenae a City of Latium a Province of Italy now called St. Peters Patrimony G. GAbii a City of the Volscians twelve miles from Rome in the way to Praeneste now called Campo Gabio Galatia or Gallograecia a Country in Asia the Less lying between Paphlagonia Pontus and Cappadocia whereof Dejotarus for whom Tully did make an Oration was King 't is now called Chiangare and by the Turks Gelas. Gallia now called France it is bounded with the English Aquitane and Mediterranean Seas the Pyrenean Hills and the Alps. Galli the People of Gallia now called the French Germania Germany a most large Country in Europe having on the West the River Rhine on the North the Baltick Ocean on the South-West the Danow 't is divided into ten Circles and Governed by the Emperor and seven Electoral Princes with other Dukes and Petty Princes Germani Germans the People of Germany Gothi a people of the Lower Scythia in the Northern part of Europe they did Wast and Depopulate a great part of Europe Graecia a famous Eastern Province of Europe the Nurse of Valour and Learning H. HElvetii the People of Helvetia now called Switzers Heraclea a City in Thrace betwixt Stanbol and Galliopolis once called Perinthus Hierosolyma Jerusalem called also Salem and by the Poets Solyma the chief City of the Holy Land indeed once of the whole World 't was also called Aelia from Aelius Adrianus The Turks who have it now in possession call it Chutz or Gots Hispania the Country of Spain by the Ancients called Iberia 't is environ'd with the Mediterranian the Ocean and Cantabrian Seas except towards France from which 't is sever'd by the Pyrenean Hills I. Janiculum a Castle upon the Hill Janiculus one of the four Hills of Rome called from the God Janus now Montorio Iberi a People of Spain which was called Iberia either from King Iberus or from the River Iberus Illyricum the Country called Sclavonia or Wedenland having on the North Pannonia on the West Istria on the East Mysia Superior and on the South the Adriatick Sea India a large Country of Asia call'd by the Natives Indostan 't is bounded on the East with China on the North with Tartary on the West with Persia and on the South with the Indian Sea Interamna and Italian City in Vmbria called Terani Isauria a Southern Country of Galatia joyning to Pisidia with a City called Isauria which was afterwards called Claudiopolis Istri the People of Istria a Country now in Italy by the Dutch called Histerech so called from the River Ister under the Dominion of Venice Italica a City of Spain built by Scipio Africanus Ituraei the People of Iturea a Region of Palestine bordering upon Arabia Judaei Jews People of Judaea or Palestine now dispersed over all the World L. LAcedaemonia a large Country of Peloponnesus now called Tzaconia the chief City whereof was Lacedaemon called also Sparta Lacedaemonii the People of Lacedaemon Latini the People of Latium a Province in Italy now called Compagna di Roma Leptis a City of Africa between the two Syrtes belonging to Tripoli and now called Lebeda or Lepeda Libyssa a Town of Bythynia called now Polmen where Hannibal died between Nicomedia and Chalcedon Ligures the People of Liguria in Italy reaching from the Hill Apenninus to the Tuscan Sea of which Genoa is the chief City 't is now called La Riviera di Genoua Lilybaeum a Promontory and City of Sicily now called Capo coco Lingones People of France dwelling about Longres Lorium a Village 12 miles from Rome Lucania a Country of Italy in the Kingdom of Naples Lugdunum the City Lyons in France called for difference-sake Lugdunum Celtarum from Lugdunum Batavorum Lusitania the third part of Spain now called Protugal 't is parted on the North from Tarracon by the River Ducro Lycia a Country in Asia the Less now called Bricquia by others Aldinelli situated between Caria and Pamphylia M. MAcedonia a large Country of Greece containing several Provinces 't is now all under the Turks Maesi People of Maesia a Country in Europe adjoyning to Pannonia and running out at length along the Danube to the Pontus antiently the higher and the lower now Bulgaria Servia Magnesia a Country of Macedonia joyning to Thessaly containing Pieria and Pelasgia Marcomanni People near Austria whose Country is called Mark or as others Bohemians Mare Rubrum the Red Sea called by the Greeks Erythraeum and 't is also called Sinus Arabicus it parts Asia from Africa Mariana a City in Corsica now called Matino or Zagorolo Marsi a People of Latium in Italy Massilia a City in Provence in France called Marsiles Mazaca the City Caesaria in Cappadocia by the Hill Argaeus Mauritania a Country in Africa called Morisco lying towards the Gaditan Straits and the West Ocean 't is divided into Tingitana which contains in it the Kingdom of Fess and Morocco and Caesariensis called the Kingdom of Algier and is now with other Countrys contained under the general name of Barbary Mediolanum the City of Milan in Italy where St. Ambrose was Bishop remarkable for four things for multitude of People a stately Church a strong Castle and a Library well furnished Mesopotamia a Country of Asia between Tigris and Euphrates Milvius Pons a Bridge two miles from Rome where Milvius Ager lies Moguntiacum the City Mentz in Germany the Seat of one of the Spiritual Electors of the Emperor here was Printing first invented Munda a Town in Hispania Boetica where the last and most bloody Battel that ever Caesar undertook was fought between him and the Sons of Pompey Mursa a Town in Pannonia N. NArbona a City in France an Arch-Bishops See Nicomedia a City of Bithynia by the Propontis Nicomedienses a People of Bithynia Nisibis otherwise Antiochia of this name are many Cities one of Syria called Epiphane Nola a City of Campania fourteen miles from Naples where Augustus Caesar died tho our Author mentions Atella Noricum a great tract of Ground containing several Countrys as great part of Austria Stiria Carinthia c. Numantia a City of Spain now called Soria or Garray Numentana via a Road that went from Rome to Nomentum Numidia a part of Africa now
called Biledulgerid bounded with Mauritania Carthage and Aethiopia Numidae the People of Numidiae O. OLympus 't is the name of three Cities the first in Pamphylia the second in Lycia the third in Cilicia also the name of a Promontory of Cyprus and of twelve Hills especially one very high in Thessaly and 't is also a Promontory in Crete now called Cambrasia or Cambrussia Osdroene a Country in Syria on the confines of Mesopotamia Osdroeni the People of Osdroene P. PAlatinus one of the seven Hills of Rome called so from Palatia Evanders Daughter now Palazzo Maggiore Palaestina a Country of Asia called by the Ancients Canaan and the Land of Promise by Ptolomy Palaestine or the Country of the Philistines and now by Christians the Holy Land it containeth the Countrys of Idumaea Samaria Judaea and Galilee the chief City was Hierusalem Pamphylia a Southern Country in Asia the Less between Cilicia and Lycia now Subject to the Turk and lying on the West part of Caramania Panticapaeon a great City of Taurica now Tartary the Less near the Cimmerian Bosphorus call'd Pantico Pannonia a large Country of Europe now called Hungary divided into the Upper and the Lower Pannonii the People of Pannonia Paphlagonia a Country in Asia the Less lying between Galatia and the Euxine Sea now called Bolli Parthi the People of Parthia a Country in Asia lying between Media Carmania and the Hyrcane Sea by Mercator 't is called Aroch by others Corasan Parthenopolis a City of Macedonia and of Mysia in Asia the Less Peligni a People of Italy about the City Sulmo Pergamus a City of Troas in Asia the Less now called Pergamo or Bargamo where Galen was born Persia a large Country of Asia lying between the Caspian Sea and the Country of the Moguls 't is Ruled by a Sophy and the Inhabitants call it Farsi Perusium a City of Tuscany in the mid-way betwixt Rome and Florence Praeneste a City of Latium in Italy now called Palestrina twenty four miles from Rome Phaselis a City of Pamphylia built in the year of the World 3257. it was a long time held by Pyrats Philippi a City of Thessaly built by Philip King of Macedonia who called it after his name Phrygia a Country in Asia bounded with Caria Lydia Mysia and Bithynia it is divided into the greater and the less now called Troas Picentes the People of Picenum a Country in Italy now called la Marca de Ancona Piraeeus the Port-Town of Athens now called Porto di Setine Ponticum mare called Pontus Euxinus and now the Black Sea Pontus a Country of Asia the Less lying between Bithynia and Paphlagonia and the Euxine Sea Ptolemais a Town by the Red-Sea there are also four Citys of this name Pyrenaei Montes the Mountains that part Spian from France running from East to West eighty five Leagues in length cross the Land Q. QVadi a People in Germany in Moravia Quinquegentiani a People of Africa Quirinalis one of the seven Hills of Rome called so from Romulus's name Quirinus now Monte Cavalle R. RAvenna a City of Italy upon the Coast of the Adriatick Sea Rhaetia the Country of the Grisons on the Alps. Rhenus a River which parts France from Germany and after it has run 300. miles it falls into the River Mosa and the German Sea by two mouths whence Virgil calls it Rhenus bicornis Rhodanus the River Rhone in France Rhodii the People of Rhodes an Isle near Caria in compass an 110 miles Rhodopa a Province of Thrace Rome the chief City of Italy seated on the River Tybur now in the power of the Pope S. SAbini People of Italy not far from Rome Saguntum a City in Spain now called Morvedre famous for its Ruin by Hannibal Saguntini the People of Saguntum Salassi People of Piedmont whose Country in Dutch is called Austhalles from Augusta Praetoria the chief Town Salentini a People of Italy inhabiting that corner of Italy called Terra de Otranto formerly Messapia Salonae Cic. Salona Pl. a City once of Dalmatia out of whose Ruins Spalato came Samos an Isle of the Icarian Sea lying over against Ephesus the compass of it 87 miles Samnites a People of Italy whose Country was called Samnium or Samnis now adays Labruzzo Sardica in this Author is a City in Dacia upon the Ister and also 't is a City anciently in Thrace now the head of Bulgaria called by the Turks and Greeks Sophia Sardinia an Island of Italy under the Spaniard it is 170 miles in length 80 in bredth 450 in compass the chief City is Cagliare Sardi the People of Sardinia Sarmatae the People of Sarmatia Sarmatia a large Country Northward part in Europe part in Asia containing Poland Russia Muscovy and most part of Tartary Sauromatae the Scythians and Tartars a wild People that drink horses blood Saxones the People of Saxony once Masters of great part of Germany some of them came over into England the Duke of it is one of the seven Electors of the Empire Scordisci a People of Pannonia Scythae People of Scythia Scythians or Tartarians in the North parts of Asia and in some part of Europe also Eastward Seleucia the name of several Citys one in Syria in Mesopotamia in Cilicia in Pisidia Sena the City Siena in Tuscany 100 miles from Rome Sicilia the Island of Sicily lying at the toe of Italy and parted with a narrow dangerous Sea 600 miles in compass Siculi the People of Sicily Sipylum the name of a Town and Mountain in Lydia called formerly Tantalis Sirmium the City Sirmisch in the Lower Hungary Smirna a City of Ionia called the old Naulochus now Smyrna or Ismyr Stratonice a Town of Macedonia called so from Stratonice the Daughter of Ariarathes and afterwards built by Adrianus and now called Castro Franco Sutrium the People are called Sutrini a little City of Hetruria now called Tuscany in the Province of St. Peters Patrimony Suevi a People of Germany lying about the Danaw the Country now called Schwaben Suessa Pometia once a City of the Volsci in Latium St. Peters Patrimony Syria a Country in Asia bounded with Asia the Less Euphrates and the Mediterranean Sea divided into Phoenicia and Palaestine Syracusani the People of Syracusae a City of Sicily called Saragossa T. TAiphali and Thervingi People of Dacia Tarentini the People of Tarentum called now Taranto Tarentum a noble City in the farthest part of Magna Graecia now called Tarento Tarraco the chief City of Hispania Tarraconensis which is one of the three parts of Spain and larger than both twice it doth now contain the Kingdom of Castile Gallicia Navarre and Arragon Taurominitani the People of the City of Taurominium in Sicily now called Taormina Taurus a continual Mountain in Asia beginning at the Indian Sea and stretching its Arms Northward and Southward it also reacheth Westward to the Aegean Sea Teutones the People of Germany in General called Almaines Thracia a large Country of Europe commonly called Romania bounded with the Euxine and Aegean Sea Macedonia and the Mountain Hoemus Thessalonica a City of Macedonia built by Philip of Macedon in Memory of Conquering Thessaly now called Salonichi Thessalia a Country of Greece between Boetia Macedonia the River Peneus and Thermopylae Thusci a People now called Tuscans Tygris a famous River of Asia it riseth in Mount Araret in Armenia parts Mesopotamia and Assyria it continues its course after it s joyned with the River Euphrates into the Persian Gulf. Tigurini the People of Tigurum a City of the Helvetians now called Zurich Tygranocerta the Town Sultania in Armenia the Greater Tomos a City of Pontus whereunto Ovid was Banished Transalpini the People of Gaul beyond the Alps from Rome now called the Realm of France Trebia a River of Italy called la Trebia near Placentia running into the Po. Triballi a People of Mysia between Danubius and Aemus now the Bulgarians Tripolis a City of Syria by which name several other Citys are called Troy a City of Phrygia a Country of Asia the Less Tuscia a large Country of Italy called Tuscany divided into two parts the one under the great Duke and the other under the Pope called the Churches Patrimony Tusci a very ancient People of Italy also called Hetrusci now Florentines their Country was called Hetruria now la Toscana Tusculum a City of Latium in Italy now Frascati 12 miles from Rome U. VAndali a People of Germany about Mecklenburg after setling in Spain Andaluzia was called from them Vectis the Isle of Wight about sixty miles in compass twenty in Length and twelve in bredth Newport is the chief Town Vejentes the People of Veii a Town of Hetruria in Italy Venetia the Country of Venice Verona a City of Italy in the Territory of the Venetians Victophali a People of Dacia Viminalis one of the seven Hills of Rome called so from the Osiers that grew there Vindelici People of Vindilicia a Country of Germany where now Bavaria is Volsci a People of Latium in Italy now called Campagna di Roma FINIS * Valens * Julian