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A62183 The opinion of Padre Paolo of the Order of the Servites, consultor of state given to the Lords the Inquisitors of state, in what manner the republick of Venice ought to govern themselves both at home and abroad, to have perpetual dominion.; Opinione come debba governarsi internamente ed esternamente la Repubblica di Venezia. English. Sarpi, Paolo, 1552-1623.; Aglionby, William, d. 1705. 1689 (1689) Wing S699; ESTC R9325 39,488 142

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there will be no difficulty in it provided they pay them but withal one must not forget the witty Reflection of Boccalini when the Italian Princes are willing to be taught manners out of the Galateo provided that it may not look like ill breeding in them to eat with both Jaws as fast as they can With Poland the Republick can have no other Concern than that of defending Christendom and by some diversion from that Crown bear the more easily the weight of the Ottoman Power Therefore it would be well for the Republick to have that King and Kingdom grow more powerful As for any thing else the great distance that is between that State and the Republick takes away all matter of any further Consideration The same thing may be said of the Moscovite England being the greatest of those powers that are separated from the Church of Rome is a Kingdom of great strength particularly since the Union of Scotland and the Kings of England have nothing left to desire as to Territory All that Island is now under the Dominion of one sole Monarch and has the Sea for a Wall So that if England be not disunited within it self there is no power to overcome it We see the Example in the Invasion of Philip the Second of Spain and yet then the Union was not so great as might have been who lost his mighty Armada that he had been so long preparing at such vast Expences Queen Elizabeth who has shew'd the World how far a Woman's ability can go in Government did likewise enlarge her Dominions by Navigations to the Indies and wounded Spain in that tender part She likewise had some Ports of the Low-Countries consign'd to her so that she seem'd to be hardly contain'd in that separate World of hers The Island is fertile and delicious producing all necessaries for Life and though the Natives go abroad and buy the Products of other Countries it is more as Superfluities and out of Luxury than want and amongst the rest they have a Trade for Grapes called Currans which they buy in the Dominions of the Republick Henry the Eighth who was the King that Apostatiz'd from the Church of Rome did use to concern himself in the Affairs of Italy and several times the Popes have had good Protection from the ancient Kings of that Country who were most devoted to the See of Rome to say truth Religion has had a great Loss and the Court of Rome a greater I cannot well say whether out of the great Lust of Henry the Eighth or the little consideration of Clement the Seventh at present that King will not hear of Rome and has but small Curiosity for the Affairs of Italy If this King could grow greater it would be advantageous to the Republick because it might obtain his Alliance and by that means a greater respect from other Crown'd Heads but however even without this consideration 't is a Power to be courted because the Nation having an ancient Antipathy to France and a modern one to Spain it cannot but have a good inclination for the Republick 'T is true that the present King is more enclin'd to Wars with his Pen than with his Sword having a mighty Love for Disputes and valuing himself upon the Character of a Notable Divine so much has the Quarrel with Rome influenc'd that Country that even their Princes study Controversie but however I should not think the Republick ought to mind any of those Circumstances because where there is strength there is always hopes of making use of it that depending only upon raising of Passions The best means would be besides the continuation of those Offices already introduc'd of mutual Embassies strictly to command the Governours in the Levant to shew all good usage to the English Merchants and particularly observe punctually all Treaties and Engagements with them because there is no Nation that puts a greater value upon their Word than the English do and the Kings of that Island have not yet learnt the modern Policy that gives them leave to break their Faith in order to reigning more absolutely With the Seven United Provinces 't will be good to cultivate Friendship and to encrease it by a mutual defensive League particularly at this time that the Truce is but newly concluded with Spain for it will be a Curb upon the Spaniard if he should attempt any thing against the Republick for fear his old Wounds should be set a bleeding again they being but just bound up and not healed 'T is feasable likewise to procure something more of Trade with the Hollanders because they are extremely ingenious and addicted that way and moreover since both the Republicks stand in awe of the same Power it will not be difficult to unite their inclinations and they have made on their side a sufficient Advance by sending an Embassy to the Republick which though of Complement yet it has shew'd great esteem and inclination to an Union Besides the Advantage of a solid diversion of the Forces of Spain there is another Essential consideration which is That from them might be had a considerable Body of well disciplin'd Soldiers and that with admirable celerity besides several Regiments that might be rais'd in a Country so well us'd to War if there were occasion and all the inconveniencies of Transportation are not to be valued for the Republick will always have a greater scarcity of good Soldiers than of good Money With the Princes of Germany of a different Religion there can hardly be any Concerns if there is no room for Quarrels As the World stands now if it be not well they should grow greater at least 't is not amiss they are already great enough because they are a Check upon the Emperour who else would be a most formidable Potentate to all Princes but more particularly to the Italians and more to the Republick than to the rest of Italy but now by their means his Power is not only balanced but almost quite oppressed to the common benefit of other Princes With these Princes it will be easie for the Republick to have an Engagement First because they know that the Republick is not a blind Adorer of the Interests of the Court of Rome And Secondly because they see the Jealousies that are between the Republick and the Emperour from whence they conclude that there is no danger of a League between them and the Emperour and by consequence they have not the Republick for a suspected Power and upon all Occurrences it will do well to shew an Inclination to Friendship with them first because they may make a potent diversion and secondly because their Country being a Nursery of Soldiers the Republick upon occasion may make Levies there and it is a point of high importance for the Republick to be certain of their Levies for in a time of need they can hope but for small help from the Italian Militia I have not yet said any thing of the Duke of Bavaria
and give them to others that can take them there might be some danger but they are seldom practiz'd but in an Attempt made by a Prince upon the Church which is never to be feared from the Piety and Moderation of the Republick There is no doubt but the Church would enter into a League to hinder any progress of the Republick particularly against any Dependant of theirs and also in case the Republick attack'd some small Prince the Popes to affect the protection of the weak would declare but if the Republick had to do with a strong Prince the Church would look on for fear of greatning too much that Prince the rather because the Republick can lay claim to none of those Old ticklish Titles which some other Princes might set a-foot against the Church And so much for the Pope Now let us come to the Emperour The Republick must never forget that Maxim which is common to all Princes bordering upon the Empire which is That it is not convenient for them to see the Emperour made more powerful lest he renew those antiquated Titles he has to most Dominions near him and particularly in Italy The power of the Roman Commonwealth which extended almost over all the known World being at last usurp'd by Julius Caesar and from him deriv'd to a long Series of succeeding Emperours might give the German Emperour a pretext to reckon with all the Princes of Europe if he were strong enough and perhaps many who wear Crowns would be reduc'd to Beggary therefore 't is best to keep him in his cold Country of Germany where mens Spirits are benumm'd and less undertaking The Republick has Reason to distrust him upon many Heads as Emperour he has pretences upon the Dutchy of Frioul and the Marca Trevisana besides the Cities of Trevisa Padoua Vicenza and Verona As Arch-Duke he pretends to Istria As King of Hungary to Zara and the neighbouring Country So that his Titles and Neighbourhood are considerably dangerous all these Countries are besides of greater Antiquity than the City of Venice it self So that their being subject to a Metropolis of a younger standing gives some suspicion of the Lawfulness of their Subjection All these pretences were renewed in the League of Cambray Therefore I think without hesitation I may pronounce That it is the Interest of the Republick that the Emperour should be kept low both for General and Particular Reasons From these Reflections we may also conclude that the Emperour to these Titles does not want Inclination to acquire a part of the Territories of the Republick particularly it being yet a complaint of that Prince of the little Respect show'd him by the Republick when taking advantage of his Distractions they Erected the Fortress of Palma Nuova just under his Nose There remains therefore to see what Facility he might find in such an Attempt In the present State of his Affairs while the Faction of the Protestants is so strong in Germany I cannot think that he can quarrel with the Republick which is as powerful in Money as he is in Men For in length of time 't is certain that he who has Money may have Men and they who have many Men must consume much Money 'T is true he being so near a Borderer upon the Republick it may give him the more confidence because a lesser Number will be necessary to make the Invasion but if the Enterprize be not in the Name of the whole Empire in which case the whole German Nation would be a party I believe with the help of his own Patrimonial Dominions he will not do any great matter the rather because many great Heretical Princes and Cities of Germany have the same Interest to keep him low So that as he might perhaps be pretty smart upon an Invasion or Incursion at length of time he would prove as weak to hold out a War And indeed this was the true cause of Erecting the Fortress of Palma Nuova to obviate a sudden Incursion of his Forces and provide a Retreat for the Country people so to gain time which is always as advantageous to the Republick as dangerous to such an Enemy who if he have not some body to furnish him with Money will get but little ground tho his Army be numerous as it was in the time of Maximilian Now whether the Republick has any Title Inclination or Facility to acquire any part of the Emperour's Territories I answer That without doubt the Republick has pretences upon Goritia and Gradisca which formerly belong'd to the Family of the Frangipani and for a little while was under the Government of the Republick There are likewise some Castles in Istria and upon the Coast which the Republick claims and for an Inclination to acquire these we need not doubt but the Republick has it it being either the Vertue or Vice of Princes never to be without it But still the great consideration lies in the Facility of doing it for if there be that 't is above half the Title and if that is wanting 't is Imprudence to own any part of a pretence that must remain without Execution I believe by Sea it would prove easie to take Trieste and some other places but it would be as hard to maintain them and to go further into the Land would need great preparatives on the side of the Republick whereas on the Emperour's side the Defence would be easie he having a command of Men So that except in an open War there is no thinking of any strong Attempt that way and then it were not amiss to put a good strength to it that at the end of the War which always must one time or another be succeeded by Peace some of the Country might remain by Treaty in the Venetians Hands for the charges of the War for to begin a War only for the acquisition of these places would not be a Deliberation besitting the Wisdom and Gravity of the Venetian Senate It would be better to watch the occasion of some Extremity or Pinch of an Emperour which often happens and buy these places but then be aware that if it be not a Patrimonial Estate the consent of the Dyet is necessary to the purchase to cut off all claims in time to come 'T is as hard that the Emperour should unite with the Republick to acquire the State of any other Prince in Italy because first for Spain they are the same Family with the Emperour Against the Church he will declare as little professing a great Zeal for it and calling himself The Churches Advocate Modena Mantoua and Mirandola are Fiefs of the Empire Savoy and Florence are remote from him and to come at them he must overcome greater Princes that are between him and them so that this Union would prove difficult If the Emperour should fall out with some of these Dukes his Vassals and depose them it might happen that if Spain were busie elsewhere and the Emperour loth to take the trouble of chastising