which is granted and upon what terms 843.844 Hautcea sent out with a Fleet to intercept the Spanish ships coming out of America and the success thereof 846 Hohenlo Philip his death and character 856 Hollanders averse to Peace 865 Hague Herman Wittenhorsten comes thither from the Archdukes concerning Peace 866 Hollanders averse to Peace and why 876 Obtain a famous Victory at Sea under the command of Jacob Hemskerk at the straights of Gibralter 881.882.883 ad 888 A description of Hercules Pillars 883.884 Hemskerk Jacob Dutch Admiral his speech to the Captains of his Fleet. 884.885 He is killed and his speech at his death 886 Holland Fleet retires to Tituan to repair their ships where they are received with joy 889 Hollanders recal their Fleet from Spain and why 892.896.897 Send Deputies to the King of Britain and for what and his answer to them 894.895 â—â—gue the place appointed for the Treaty 900 Hollanders take a great booty from the Spaniards and how 908.909 I. INquisition the Spanish Inquisition the Original cause and severity thereof one cause of the Dutch troubles 17.18.31 Command sent from Spain to put the same anew in execution 30 Received in the Netherlands and by whom 55 John Don John of Austria sent Governor into the Netherlands his Character 86 He is received by the Netherlanders 86 Accused by them to the King 87 Overthrows the Dutch Army at Gemblin 91 Offers the Confederates Articles of Peace 91 Imbis a great Incendiary at Gaunt his character and death 97.142 John Don John perswaded to Peace and by whom but in vain 99 His Army is recruited he breaks off the Treaty and pitcheth his Army near Namur 100 His death and character 102 103 Imbâ—s moves a new sedition in Gaunt 104.138 Ipre a Town joyns with the United Provinces 110 Issel a City submits to Parma 111 Ipre besieged by Parma 140 It is surrendred to him 142 Issel the derivation of the name 329 Iesuits hated in France and why banished 342 The original description and character of that order 342.343.344 Ireland Rebels there assisted by the Spaniards with a short description of the Countrey 402.403 First invaded by the English under Richard Earl of Pembroke 402 Beginning of a Rebellion there and by whom 403.404 Indies Holland ships first return thence with a description of the Countrey by them made 502.503 Isabella Clara Eugenia betrothed to Albertus and why 529 She writes to Albertus to take possession of the Netherlands which he doth privately 566.567 Iselburg forceably taken by Mendosa 611 Isabella sets an Edict out against the Hollanders and to what purpose 638.639 Isabella Fort besieged by Prince Maurice 687 Indian Company first rise thereof in Holland and the form of ordering the same 733 734 James King of Scotland Successor to Queen Elizabeth in the Throne of England and Proclaimed King 740.741 An Embassy sent to him by the United States and the Embassadors Speech to him with his Answer 741.742.743 Embassadors come to him from the King of Spain and the Archdukes 743 Indian Company send ships to Sea and whither 764.816 848. James King other Embassadors sent to him from the King of Spain and the Archdukes 777 Jesuits banished out of Britain and why but restored in France 780 Indies several ships return thence very rich 815 816 847 A Description of some part thereof 848.849 ad 856 Indian Company confirmed by Edict of the States 856 Indies West a new Company for those parts raised in Holland the Form and Government thereof 870.871 872 Several Opinions thereof 873 874.875 James King sends Embassadors to the Hague who they were and what they did 895 Indies ships come home thence rich and others sent thither 910 Janinus goes into France and for what 929 His Speech in the Councel of the States 941 942.943 K. KNights of the Golden Fleece the Original thereof and causes of their Institution 5â—6 Drawn into Parties and for what and when and by whom 24 King the Presence of the King necessary in the Netherlands to keep the Peace as the Emperor Charls was sensible 42.43 Knodsenburg Fort built and by whom 253 Knodsenburg besieged by the Duke of Parma 270 Relieved by Prince Maurice and the Duke of Parma's men worsted in sight 272.273 L. LOw Countreyes the antient situation and limits the original language Dukes Earls and how they attained and hereditary Succession 3.4 The antient form of its Government untill they fell to the Burganâ—â—ans and after that to the house of Austria 5. â— Liberty chiefly and first sollicited for at Philips departure 22 League between Philip the second of Spain and Henry the third of France and the effect thereof 30 Divers Lords of the Netherlands against the Inquisition and by whom drawn up and when 33 Lutherans formidable in the Netherlands and why 36 Law utterly laid aside and an Arbitrary Power set up and by whom 56.57 Lumey Admiral of the Prince of Aurange's Fleet his character 60.61 Luyden besieged beats off the Enemy 77.78 Lamot Philip reconciled to the King by the surrender of Gravelin draws in many others 105 Lyra won treacherously by Parma 127 Lâ—chem siege thereof raised and why 128 Lorrain Family of Lorraign claims the Crown of France which much troubles the King 152 153 League with England the heads thereof 164 Leicester Earl sent General into Holland his character 165 Much honoured at first by all and why 166 167.176 He grows ambitious and raises Factions 167.168.175.176 He takes ill the meetings of the States and why 174 And returns to England 17â— He comes back to Ostend for the relief of Sluys but marches thence and doth nothing 180.181 He renews the old factions in Holland 181 Endeavors to seize the Government but is prevented 182 He returns to England is forced to abjure his Authority and dyes 183 â—eban the place of meeting the Spanish Fleet. 207 Besieged by the English and Hollanders 239 Leige Bishopric is difference between is and the Hollanders and for what 259.260 Lopeâ— Lodewick his Treason against Queen Elizabeth and by whom 〈◊〉 341.342 Lutzenburg wasted by the French 360 361 Lâ—ere taken by Heraugier and lost again presently 397 398 Leyden in Holland and University when begun and 〈◊〉 Learned Men bred there 464.465.466.467 Lingen Besieged by Prince Maurice 520 521 And delivered together with the Castle â—â—2 Lisbone beset by the Earl of Cumberland with a Fleet and the success thereof 541 Lovestreyn a City that first threw off slavery 626 Lingen Besieged by Spinola and yielded 801 802 803 Lochem Besieged by Spinola and taken 836 Retaken by Count Ernest of Nassau 844 Lipsius Justus his Death and Character 857 Luther his Opinions 951 M. MOntiny John Count Horn's Brother and the Marquess of Berghen sent into Spain and to what purpose With the King's Answer 34 35 Margaret Lady Regent forced to give way to the Times and agree to the Counsel of the Confederate Lords 38 39 She raiseth more Souldiers and why 41 Maximilian the Emperour's
their Towns and Fields being eased of so great a Burden of Souldiers especially upon the French Borders they had now a small breathing space from their long-continued Miseries The Enemy also being gone far from thence another Way added Confidence to their Security Count Frederick Heremberg by reason of Count Mansfeldts great Age and Weakness was Lieutenant-General of the whole Army under Mendosa but was by Them intitled Camp-Master-General The Horse passing the River by Maestricht some of them went to Venloo others to Ruermunde Thence spreading themselves through Juliers by the Territories of Colen and other parts of Germany they lay among those naked People without fear and so came to the Bank of Rhene Barlotte was sent before who was a Captain frequently made use of in Business requiring either speed or audacity for he drawing together what Boats and Wherries he could possibly meet within the River into one place between Boâ—e and Colen and having with him 800 of his Men and a small Guns call'd Drakes he drove away the Ships of Holland which had been left to keep Guard at Berck Thus many Souldierâ— being taken he enjoy'd the River free from Trouble and all the further Bank of it All this while Mendosa lay heavy upon a quiet People with an oppressive and licentious Army and because he could not remedy the Peoples Complaints he abhorr'd to intermeddle in the moderation of their Oppressions whereof many every where were conscious that knew the Discords and Divulsions of Germany and how much it had lost of its ancient Renown gain'd by Arms But to his Prince he was of a Couragious Spirit and bore great Faith while performing his Commands he was a Contemner of Forein Fame and valued not Hatred that was not attended with Power It will not be out of the way since the matter it self hath led us thither to describe those several Nations which lye about the Rhine next to the Hollanders and the Sites and Extents of the Countries of the Princes and Bishops formerly under the Obedience of the Almain Empire I can with more shew of Learning than Truth compare the Names of Antiquity with those now in use For old Authors noâ— looking much into Germany have hardly mention'd them But when the whole World was disturb'd by the frequent Transmigrations of one Nation to another then Writers following them increased the obscurity every one drawing the Antiquity of Fame to the Honour of his own People This I can almost assert that beyond the Hollanders who possessed the Country next to the French Coast without the Island which part opens between the Rhine and the Maes and a few other places beyond both those Rivers of Old a Soyl full of Woods and Marishes was the Antient Seat of the Menapii from whom came the Eburones and other Allied Nations and this at first made the Germans to be called Tungri which People afterwards attained the well-known River Moselle or the Maes and the Country of Triers The Neruii with their Partakers lay at the back of these by the River Scheld beyond whom the Morini lay hedged in by the Forest of Ardenne which is now the Bounds of the Netherlands but was formerly under the Dukes of Burgundy and divided them from the Kingdom of the Franks or French But after Agrippa Translated the Ubii out of the Region which is against Triers to another part or had taken into his Protection such as had voluntarily transmiâ—rated escially a Colony of the Romans being given him by his Neece and the Gugerni setled next to them the Name of Menapii grew obsolete but that some of the Inhabitants being driven into the inner part of the Country first seem'd to seat Themselves on this side the Maes and Wael afterwards between the Scheld and the Morini Hereupon all this Tract from the Hollanders beyond Triers even as far as Mentz was possessed and planted by Romane Garrisons and took the Name partly of inferiour partly of Higher Germany because the Original of the Inhabitants came from beyond the Rhine as may easily be discerned by the Tone of their Speech to this day On this side upon the Border of the River stands Wagening Grinnes Duren and Arnheym all which were upon the French Bank though formerly many were otherwise erroneously perswaded From thence one might have been seeen Burtuatium Drechshausen and Acken famous sometimes in the Dutch Wars Emmerich also and Culo but now so lost in their own Ruines that the most Learned can but conjecture where they were scituate But Nâ—ys Colen Bonne Andernach and Coblentz keep both their Names and Stations unalter'd to this day In after-times all this Region and the Country that lyes above it was call'd Austrasia because that part bordering on the East-side of France was held by the Franks or French who in most parts where they setled gave new Names to the places But they at length being weakned by their own Discords the Almays Emperours by bestowing larger Power and Liberties on the Prince's and People than they had before drew to Themselves the Superiority of Government and therefore they of Cleves inhabiting on this side the Rhine took that part of Gelderland which is now call'd Low-Holland and contains in it the City of Nimmeghen With these is intermingled the Arch-Bishop of Colen's Territories which extend a great way upon that Bank Another part of Gelderland incompasses the Dutchy of Cleves the Governours whereof were formerly call'd Guardians and herein is the Town of Gilders from whom the People of that whole Province take their Name Behind these the Old Maps and Descriptions would perswade us that the Gugerni inhabited and there is yet a Village in those Parts that seems to speak something of their Name in its own which is Gogen At the backside of Colen is Gulick an antient City they have now the same Governours with Cleves but formerly their Government was the same with Gelderland yet more up into the Country are sited the Liegeoâ—s by the Maes the Lutzenburgers by the Mâ—selle and the People of Triers which two Cities of Liege and Triers are governed by Bishops the rest are accounted among the Netherlands But on the further Bank of the Rhine which was the Antient Seat of the Almains and Great Germany Of Old the Frizons were the first that met us who by reason they possessed the lesser part of the Region were call'd the Lesser Frizons from whence the Caninefates now People of Gorichom coming into the Isle of Holland were on another side compassed with great Lakes and the Estuary of the â—llye and from thence by the Eemes unâ—il you come to the Ocean To these are joyning the Greater Bructeri hard by the same River and now opposite to the Menapii are the Remainders of the Sicambrians after that People either of their own Accord or by the Compulsion of Augustus his Arms had setled Themselves about the Wael At Luppen we have the Lesser Bructeri again which River some of the
never intended a Peace And Arguments of their Hostile Dâ—signs and Warlike Preparations every day broke out clearer and clearer until at last the so long feared Flâ—et set an end to the one sides hope and the other sides dissimulation But Dissention and Factions with By-names went not out of Holland with the Earl of Leicester but under this pretence the Garrison Souldiers both of Cities and Castles made Disturbances robbing and pilling every where especially they that by ill-ordering of the Treasury were behind in their Pay for fear of Peace hasted by Rapine to repay their Labour in the War At which time some were pleased that the third part of Pay should be offer'd which by the Custom of the Netherlands is always in Bank and never used to be disbursed but upon very good occasions Which because it could not speedily be obtained in regard it was the Remains of many Years and to be demanded of many they forthwith every one took to himself what Liberty or Licentiousness he pleased being defended a while by some English the Queen had sent As if the Name of English would have made these Crimes pass more currant The Souldiery of Geertruydenburg upon the receiving a great Sum of Money seemed cotented but into what an unâ—â—ly Baseness and Tâ—eachery they afterwards backe on I wâ—liâ—m its proper place relate Sonoi in the City of Medem like â—cituate on the Western Shore of the Frizian Gulph by the Rebellion of his Souldiers against him suffer'd the punishment of denying Obedience to Superiours Prince Maurice by Siege reduced these to the Obedience of himself and the States â—â—ssel also Governour of the Garrison in Flushing hoping to command in Chief all the Souldiers in Zeland and drawing to his Party Veren and Armuyden Towns in the sle of Wâ—lcheren with an Ambition of Rule was at length 〈◊〉 Queen's Commands who understood heâ—â—â— things a 〈◊〉 Renunciation of the Earl of Leicester which now 〈…〉 heard of forced to desist In other places the Seditions were appeased with less danger but every where with great Expence of Money These things though not bursting out till the following year I have mention'd in this place because they are coherent with the matter But before I settle my self to proceed in my impartial Relation of the following Troubles I think it will be a digression both satisfactory and pleasant to the Reader if I take a short View chiefly of such Domestick Affairs of our own as is necessary for other Nations to come to the knowledge such as was that War when a few People and they living in a narrow compass of Land and shaken with many grievous Slaughters should yet raise it self to such a Greatness against so mighty a Power as that of Spain Therefore I will compare what Bounds what Form of Commonwealth what Number of Forces and what Natural Dispositions and Inclinations were in this middle Time most usual with both these People After the Liberty confirmed by the League at Gaunt Don John of Austria had Conquer'd Namur Lutzenburg and Limburge The Duke of Parma gained by particular Agreements Artois and Henault by Treachery he obtained Flanders and Brabant and Mechlin he subdued by Famine excepting that in Flanders the Town of Ostend in Brabant Bergeâ—op-Zoom and Williamstedt so called from the Prince of Aurange together with some Castles all lying upon the Sea-Coast or by the sides of Rivers Frizeland and Over-Issell were in the power of the Vnited States onely the Spaniard had Groningen The rest Steanwic and Daventry excepted with as many other Fortresses were divided with the Enemy And they wanted not many Towns in Gelderland besides Arnheim Geldres Niâ—umegen Zutphen principal Cities and some less Carrisons held by the Spaniard Prince Maurice did wholly govern and Zeland after the rest there came under his Command beyond the Frizons the Dominion of the Sea and all other places which continued faithful to the States in the Enemies Country They took away every where the great President of having proper and peculiar Governours in Cities suffering none such but in the very uttermost Borders Nor must I omit to say something of their Neighbors Beyond the River Eomes is the County of East-Frizeland commonly called Embden-Land By the Maes and Rhine the Bishopricks of Colen and Leige the Governour whereof a Bavarian a Kinsman of King Philips who encompassing almost all the Belgike Provinces by divers Names of Ecclesiasticall Dignities possesseth most large Territories and although the Court of the Prince of Cleves and Juilliers had not yet been claimed by War yet either by infused Dread together with the pretence of the Burgundian Alliances it seems to incline towards the Spaniard and then if any of those Cities should fall to the like Religion as the Hollanders they had an Enemy close by them that would be no less implacable than theirs But Cambray which after the Defection of the Neighbour Cities being clogg'd and annoy'd with its own Garrison Valois had by his last Directions commended to the Kingdom of France his Protection Baligny who was appointed Governour thereof by the King's Mother Catharine kept after both their Deaths and he now joyning himself to the Guisian Faction while the Duke of Parma rejoyced at the prolonging of the War thereby to recover satisfaction for the wasting of the Country and King Henry driven out of his own Cities had no peace nor vacant time to mind these beginnings took to himself an Authority though he knew it could be of no long continuance These were their Bounds and Limits Now let us consider their Polity the Vnited States among whom the Prince of Aurange for a long time had the chief Authority in the King's Name and then in his own afterwards both his and the States Power sliding into the Earl of Leicester's Dominion were taught by Experience that the strength of the Empire divided into many Hands though it may suit better with Liberty yet is it more subject to discord if the fear of the publick Enemy be but abated but the Government it self lost nothing for what was substracted by any means from its power was doubly regained in the benevolence and affection of the People for Honours and Licences were wholly granted by it whereas Impositions of Taxes and Subsidies and other burthens were laid upon the People by another hand And besides such is the nature of the common People that they will generally lay the fault of all miscarriages upon those who are most active in the Common-wealth and yet for Victories they will only acknowledge one The Nobles and more potent men were wont by an antient Custom according to the hereditary right of their Possessions to govern the Country and the Inhabitants therein but Towns were left to be ruled by selected and choyce Citizens and the Reason was because the People imploying themselves in multiplicity of Affairs did not desire to be called together and assembled upon every occasion of electing Officers or making Laws
own him But when he declared himself a Catholike the face of Affairs were on a sudden very much changed for the fault of the defection from and aversion to the Kings Name and Title was wholly call on the other yet was not Philip terrified by this example but that he now assisted the Duke of Guise his Brother who made use of a double pretence of Piety not in private but in the view of the whole World not that he so loved him but that he might keep involved in discords that Kingdom which lying between him and the Low-Countries had formerly been very dangerous and troublesome to him and if his designs were crowned with success he would commit the same to some one of his own Allyance with a fiduciary Power And the Reason by him pretended for this was because he marryed Isabella the Daughter of Henry the Second King of France by whom he had a Daughter a Person most fit to govern that Kingdom either in regard to her Fathers Merits or her Mothers Blood and so much the rather because the Dukedom of Bretaigne as severall other Principalities of France were known to have been fortunately ruled by a Woman's hand On the other side the Duke of Savoy the Spaniard's Son in Law enlarged his Borders to the very opening of the Alps The Queen of England being informed by a particular Envoy that the Duke of Parma had sent Lamot into France with an Army both of Horse and Foot forthwith ordered a supply of mony to the King of France together with four thousand English Souldiers Neither were the States of the United Provinces backwards in granting him Assistance for first they sent Ships with Provisions and all other necessary Munitions for War then adding thereto mony far more liberally than the present exigencies of their Affairs would permit and this only in hope of a future benefit It was certainly a noble and an honourable act and that raised an emulation towards their moderated Liberty that they having so newly erected themselves into a Commonwealth should yet by their Riches support and help a Kingdom the success thereof proving no less advantagious to the French than distructive to their Enemies while the Walloons Country to whom formerly they committed their cause lying open and exposed to the mischief of War was equally damnifyed whether assaulted by the French or their own Souldiers Afterwards the Spanish Forces France putting a stop to their victorious times lay open to the Hollander who for eight years together increased their Treasury enlarged their bounds and augmented their Armies untill the Bourbonian by his own vertue and valour waded through all the threatning billows raised against him by his obstinate adversaries and himself at last becoming a Catholike brought under his subjection all parties rather laying aside his Arms than the memory of that Pristine League It seems here very convenient now we are relating the French Affairs to search as far as humane Reason can direct us how the Belgick troubles having the like beginnings should yet have so different a Progress For a Peace being setled formerly between King Philip and the King of France these two Princes seemed to be of one mind having concluded a mutual League to extirpate all Religions which had begun or increased either by impunity or War But the French Peers hating the Guisian Potency that they might not become contemptible as the Netherlanders to the Spaniards took occasion to draw the multitude now contending about Religion into Tumults and Arms but the Events were most unlike for there the Subjects obedience was preserved entire and consequently the Roman Catholique Religion carryed the day but so only as to keep under not oppress the other But here the old Form of Government is altered the differing Rites grow insociable neither allowing the other and so between Servitude and liberty become divided The cause whereof I suppose may be that the Guises or Lorraines being by themselves in private but weak did afterwards receive from abroad such small help as might indeed follow but not force their Fortune So that the main of their strength either consisted under the pretence of the Kings name or the affections of the vulgar which are mean supports and of no duration where there is any experiment of utility on the other side And the Kings of France have within themselves the whole strength of that one People so that they diminish their own Authority by tyrannizing and wholly loose what is spent in revenge And the very Commons though highly offended with the differences in Religion yet when once they became sensible of the miseries of War were not so desirous of revenge as Peace Hence proceeded those Edicts of Peace so often hastned so often withstood by the now divided affections of the People who might rather be said to lay aside War than to make and observe a Peace for being weary of a long War they were driven to force and treachery by the impulse of others not their own obstinacy and being always accustomed to a Kingly Government they might have been composed before if the one King famously knowing in the Arts both of War and Peace had tempered himself and his Laws according to the strength and prevalence of parties They who were newly gotten into power being ignorant how to use the time nourished discords by variety of evill deeds while they of a more active Spirit or such whose Riot incapacitated them either got or lost all and this was the only hindrance of Peace But on the other side the Spaniards having a King that wished the same things in hatred to the Belgick liberty and who was now grown old in the enjoyment of his Territories by the keeping abroad so great Forces never feared the Netherlandish Solitudes especially having Presidents both in Italy and America that where they could not subject into Provinces they should settle Colonies But the French were highly offended with the pride avarice and cruelty of this forraign Nation the very Catholikes themselves who had never faltered in point of Religion disliking their Customs some of whom having been before circumvented and deluded with the hope of better things becoming an example to the rest that they would with all violence exercise their malice as mistrusting the breach of Peace under that notion to hide their revenge Thus a War no less cruel than civill Wars use to be continued but still looked as forraign But Count William in Frizeland straitned the City of Groning not able to resist the greatness of his endeavours by scarcity and death having wasted all their Provision about the Country he got also Reide a Peninsula of a very convenient Scituation between the River Eâ—mes and the Bay of Dullart The City being suspected for this mischief cast it upon Verdugo because he had refused a Garrison from thence being both recruited this with a new addition of Foot and Nassau with more Horse sometimes with mutual fear sometimes taking opportunities
the beginning of the Siege was Zutphen delivered it stands in an excellent Scituation the River Barkâ— runs through it Issell passeth by it as it comes from â—phalia and not far off falling into the Rhine by the labour of Drasus as it is believed This with her neighbour-Towns and Country was of old subject to the Princes thereof who were called Earls and there remains a distinct 〈◊〉 of Jurisdiction though it be now united to the body of Gâ—lderland not so much by reason of its scituation beyond the Rhine as by the intermarriages of Princes Upon the same Banck stands Deventer formerly a free City of the Ausâ—ike League and the Metropolis of Over-Issell under the Bishops power Hither when the Army came with a swift march at the very sight thereof they were at a non-plus not knowing what to do But the strong Fortifications of the City and the greatness of the Garrison whereof the Army had Intelligence being one hundred Horse and fourteen Ensigns of Foot made the Prince at a stand Herman Count Herâ—nberg was Governour thereof both an instructer and an example of vertue and fidelity he was neerly allyed by bloâ—d to Prince Maurice himself as being born of his Aunt and therefore so much the more envying the glory and splendor of his Kinsman Above all the Duke of Parma was feared least he should draw together Forces and come and disturb them in their Siege which if it should happen there would be a necessity for them either shamefully to fly or doubtfully run the hazard of a battel And the taking of Zutphen as it was a great incouragement to all that hoped well so was it a warning to others that they should not endanger their gotten Honour but rather preserve it for more certain advantages On the other side some that fled out of the City brought Intelligence that the Souldiers were ready to mutinie that there was not Victuals to serve against a long Siege nay that they had not Gunpowder enough in any proportion for their Guns which being understood the middle course was resolved on to wit that they should with all speed fortisie their Camp stop â— all passages both by Land and Water that no Messengeâ— might be able to get to them with newes of Relief But if the Enemy should hold out it would be sufficient that all the Bancks being guarded they might for the future easily passe to the other side and force them and this was the sum of the Counsel before the expedition was undertaken Prince Maurice making a continual battery against the Town upon the ninth day to try the mindes of the besieged drew up his Army before the Walls then commands some Ships to be forthwith carried into the Channel where the River passing by the City is somewhat stopped and to place them near the shore These in regard they could not be rowed because of the narrowness of the River some Seamâ— drew under the very Walls with their hands in spight of al the Enemies Shot an undertaking certainly of such a nature as many couragious men would have shrunk at The Boats being placed in the very trench and a Bridge made over them every one was ready to take upon him the shoâ— and assault to merit the Princes prayse who called it an honourable piece of Service though it was not a work for ordinary Valour Thus while they made so much hast they hindred the Engineers and the Bridge it self being a little too short did not reach over to the other Bancks The Wall is this place together with an adjoyning Tower was partly beaten down by the force of the battery part of it yet being supported by Arches for it was an antient Structure and heaps of Earth thrown into the hollow places thereof The choyce men that were to give the onset and if they entred to make good the place were many of them drowned some few onely attaining the shore by leaping I cannot in this place passe by the glorious emulation of two Ensigns the one of whom being killed upon the top of the Walls the other brought off both his own Colours and those of his slaughtered Companion But all this time the Cannon did the greatest harm to the Enemy yet could not force them from the Walls for being full of Wine they made rather a desperate than a valiant defence Here in the first place Count Herman fought with more than necessary Valour in regard he was the Governour of the Town but he did it to make good his Honour and fidelity For some Spaniards had not stuck to report that it was an agreed design between the two Kinsmen Nor did he go away before the showres of Bullets yet continuing thick he was in the darkness wounded All night the Princes men were fain to defend the Bridge from being burned for the Enemy continually cast fire at it As soon as the Day again appear'd and the Enemy now grown sober saw plainly the Prince's Army before them in Battel Array and the Bridge whole the sight being also ready to begin again then they considered their danger especially upon the Return of some that had been sent as Spies who reporting the Prince's strength with the greatest Advantage made their disgrace in case they surrendred to seem the less Count Herman alone would not consent to surrender but he being very ill with his Wounds though he might suffer the Rendition yet could not hinder it For the Townsmen now called to the Souldiers that guarded the Bridge that they might have liberty to Treat whereof the Prince being informed and receiving from him safe Conduct they went out The Townsmen were left to the Conquerours Mercy and that thereafter they should have Magistrates appointed not according to their own Laws and Customs but as should be thought convenient by the Vnited States of the Reformed Religion And it appeared that as Zutphen so also Deventer did not reckon the Spaniards should dwell amongst them for ever for that before the Siege they burnt their Huts although they had not long before Wood enough Before their departure all the Captains and Officers were deliver'd bound in vain lamenting the own Necessities and the Civil Discords But Count Hâ— would not believe that the States were able to raise such numerous Forces yet he having been Governour durst not go into the Spanish Quarters fearing bitter and inveteâ— Accusers and prepossessed Judges Fit Garrisons being 〈◊〉 placed in the Cities lately taken the Frizons beseeched 〈◊〉 That now at last he would think of them whose Peace was diâ—â— bed by the pertinacious Obstinacy of one single City and that 〈◊〉 remained now but a few Towns and Castles which if they were taken the whole Country between the Rivers Issel and Ems would be free from the Enemies Incumbrances and be intirely in the States Power So much was their hope advanced by these first Successes that they who till this time hardly durst undertake any thing now on a suddain did not
of Authority was equally ridiculous both to his own Souldiers and his Enemies they had changed an old feeble man for a person of great Nobility and therefore they gloried at once of that Honour and their restored Laws that according to the antient Custom one was sent to govern them that was of Royal Blood and by Kinred allyed to the King They remembred that Alva and Requescuse had stirred up the War by their forraign Authority And the Duke of Parma though otherwise we I enough liked was maligned for his Country sake That Don John who had attained Royal Blood by all wayes both of Birth and Vertue wanted rather the moderation than the affection of the Nobles and People But that now there was truly come the off-spring of Emperours with a German uprightness neither infected with hatred or malice and consequently more prone to concord He had governed in behalf of his Brother the Emperour both the Panâ—â—nia's or Hungary beloved by the Subjects for his mildness in the taking care of them and the blandishments of his leisure time not much provoking the Enemy nor himself by them often provoked Not averse from fighting when the Barbarians urged him by disturbing his peace and it may seem that he was the rather chosen as one who might compose the Netherlandish Affairs the Citizens being even tyred with War and the King well knowing that it would be in the Conquerours power to make what Laws he pleased for the settlement of peace This Duke Ernestus was of such gravity in Conversation that the Netherlanders interpreted it to pride But which is proper to his Countrymen being not Superiour in his Affairs he was easily ruled either by Counsel or Command With this mediocrity of disposition he had so pleased Philip that he intended to have married him to his Daughter and strongly argued in the French Counsel by Embassadors 〈◊〉 confer upon him the Kingdom of France fearing perchance that if he should marry her to any Frenchman and at any time after his Issue male should fail that Spain by accessâ—â—â— to the Crown of France would become a Province thereâ—â— But Providence provided otherwise in that affair 〈◊〉 brought Henry of Burbon through divers variety of Fortune and setled him in the Kingdom for he being grieved â— himself that being born to a Kingdom he should onely â— depelled for the oretext of Religion Many of the Princes protesting they resisted him for 〈◊〉 other causes and by that means alone could not submit their Fortunes to him seeing his Forces almost consumed and 〈◊〉 other things that were the main supports of his hope He â—â—gan to grow unsetled in his mind between some of his Friends applauding his noble constancy and others persuading for most advantage At length either that he believed nothing more sacred than the Peace of a Kingdom or that he had embraced his former kind of living more out of Form than Judgement he was Reconciled to the Church of Rome which thing was not of so much disadvantage to the Spaniard but that for many years after be continued his hatted and War against him neither till of late by the strong endeavours of Anmarle were the Cities of Picardy adjoyning to the Borders of the Netherlands reduced unto his obedience Nay at Rome a great while he incensed Pope Clement and the most powerfull in the conclave by threats and force least they should open or propose a way for the Kings Repentance and Reconciliation calling him a Renegado from Religion and a dissembler of novel Piety But at the first being had in suspicion by both Parties as well that he departed from as that he came over to afterwards by a sweet and well-constituted moderation by giving to these the chiefest Power to those Safety in the Exercise of their Religion and some Honour he exceeded both their 〈◊〉 and made a Harmony between them among whom before there was nothing but Discord So that now all were pleased except a few ignorant how great a benefit they had receiv'd whom no Felicity could ever please no Revenge saâ— In short Trade and Commerce beginning in this Cessation of Arms and the People well pleas'd with this Quiet it came to pass that the strongest and most potent Cities with the Metropolis of them all Paris and the chief Heads of the Faction and Revolt submitted to him caused either by private â—â—scords among themselves or the fear of a Forreign Authority The Spaniard hereupon when the Duke de Mayn came to â—â—xels were of opinion to restrain him as one that was averse to their Design but the Regent Ernestus having more regard to his Fame hindred it although it were known he was the chief Instigator of the chief Leader of the Faction to go in to the King and merit thereby his Pardon yet there were some who detain'd by their own Covetousness or the Spaniard's Policy did all they could to hinder Peace delaying by the same the performance of their Expectations Picardy chiefly and the parts thereabouts near Henalt and Artots were molested and perturbed by the Spanish Forces And the first Spring Charles Mansfeldt who made War in those parts had forced Capelle a free City there having assaulted the Rampires when the Trench was dry to surrender before King Henry could send thither any Succours Shortly after the King himself being conducted with some Troops to Laudune staying upon those Confines Towards the end of Summer Mansfeldt being driven away who had indeavour'd to raise the Siege the Town came again into the King's Power The Confederate States about this time had given a Summe of Money to King Henry upon condition That he should turn his Force upon the Netherlands But that Queen Elizabeth would not hear of who fore-saw that together with the War all use of him and respect to him would cease This Defection of the King from the New-Religion was variously reported both in England and Holland so as hardly any thing had bin further examined and discoursed with more variety of Language and freeness of Judgment Others look'd upon it with Hatred and Detestation The Catholikes hereby conceiv'd a hope that in time that other differing Religion Rites though at present receiv'd in publike might at last reunite and that as France had follow'd the Rule of German so the rest would follow the Pattern of France But all Leagues and Alliances with Neighbors were by the King inviolably observ'd And now the States being 〈◊〉 by what private Policies the Enemy gain'd upon them ordered very diligent Care to be taken That no sort of Writing that might prove dangerous to the Publike might be foisted 〈◊〉 the People And that Masters which instructed Youth in Leaning should not instill into their Minds evill Opinions Which done they turned all their Counsel to the carrying on of the war while the Enemy would seem to seek after a peace And because Ernestus having recruited the Army was reported to have enhanced the Fame and Terrour of his
nor erected according to the modern way of Fortification which for hastning the Work was to be a Second to the adjoyning Bulwark While this was doing Mendosa batter'd Doetechem a Town also in Zutphen Jurisdiction which is an hours Journey from Doesburgh and the 3d day he came to the Trench without sending any Summons according to the Custom of War choosing rather to terrifie the Besieged with Danger than Threats as confident by that Example after the first bloud drawn it would not be refused Yet it is believed that the Interest of Frederick Count Hiremberg procur'd the Surrender of it the Souldiers upon delivery being disarm'd and commanded not to bear Arms during the space of 6 Moneths out of Holland or Zeland and the Townsmen having free Pardon and Impunity after 20 years continuing faithful to the States were now first compell'd to change their Masters with this one small Victory After Bergh the course of the King 's Army was stopped acknowledging their Errour That they had not at first without Delay fallen upon Doesburg which they thought would have yielded presently if Prince Maurice taking time by the Fore-lock had not come thither himself and by his Policy prevented them And this was all worthy of Note done by these great Forces being hindred to proceed further either by the Season of the Year or shortness of Time and Provisions their Want being so great that many Runaways from them affirmeâ— They had not tasted a bit of Bread in five days by which Extremity of Hunger and feeding on unwholesom Victuals Diseases did so increase that in a short time above 7000 Men were lost and dead The News whereof coming to the Deputy Regent Cardinal Andrew of Austria and Commands from him received They consult to go and Winter in Germany with he whole Army The Spaniards had oftentimes done many things impiously and without shame or modesty but they never before so highly contemned the Censures and Judgments of Men as that they would not endeavour to palliate their Wickedness with some pretence But this one Thing will excuse the Injury so openly done by publike Council viz. They supposed no man so innocent but that ought rather to perish than suffer his Affairs to be brought into hazard For this is evident If so many Regiments of Foot and Troops of Horse or indeed more truly so great a Company of Seditious Persons pinched with Poverty should remain in the Netherlands it were much to be fear'd that together with this New Empire they would introduce Old Examples of Defection and Rebellion Wherefore Mendosa leading back his Army took the Castle of Sculenberg which done he took leave of the States Borders The Prince follow'd his departure upon the Track not so much glorying before in his Works as he did then that he had defended his Country which Honour great Captains used to seek before they looked for Triumphs and Mural Crowns It pleased him to view the Situation of their empty Camp and the unperfect Works of the starved Enemy But it was a sad Spectacle to behold in what Numbers the Sick and Wounded lay scatter'd every where who being deserted by the Army were left to the pityless Injuries of the Air and Weather besides the want of all Things else These Enemies of whom their own Friends took no pity he caused to be refreshed with Victuals for Octayola that was by Mendosa left at Doetichem being summon'd by a Herald from the Prince That he would assist those miserable Wretches and take them into Coverture returned an Answer more like a Souldier than a Man That within those Walls there was room onely for sound and healthful Bodies Then after some small Horse Fights and the taking of Count Bucquoy in which Affairs Lewis of Nassaw principally had the Conduct Prince Maurice came to Arnheym laying up there all the Provisions of War for the Year following which shew'd him very judicious in his foresight because from thence he could easily supply all the Towns round about in time of Danger both with Victuals and Arms. But before he dismissed his Forces understanding that the City of Emmeric did very impatiently bear the Yoke of Spanish Slavery sent Count Hohenlo to regain the same by Force of Arms and Battery from Mendosa who then Winter'd hard by in Rees taking no Care to send any Relief to his men in distress because the Bank of the Rhine being digg'd through had so overflow'd the Ways that he believ'd they could not have passed Emmeric retaken the Prince thought not sit to put a Garrison into it but by the Advice of his Council it was left that by the Example thereof he might cause the Enemy to be more envyed With the same hope Sevenaer in the Dutchy of Cleves was quitted by the Prince From thence going to the Hague together with the Senate according to Custom he advised the States of each Province that there was need of a greater Army wherefore he hoped they would provide in greater measure Money for the Souldiers Pay and other extraordinary Charges for that the Enemy lay now more heavy upon one part and that they should rescind all prejudicial Procrastinations Accounting all other Necessities as nothing in regard of that one for their Defence At this time there were many famous Funerals celebrated in those Provinces Florence Palante Count of Culenburg formerly accounted among the chief Commanders of the Nobility that conspired against the Inquisition but afterwards being found unfit for that Charge and of himself desirous to take his ease grew old and almost unknown to those Factions which he himself had been the first Author of But Philip Aldegunde led a more notable private Life whom whoever had seen inseparable from the Prince of Aurange and governing Cities and People would have admired to find him afterwards retired to a studious Repose even to his death But certainly Elberte Leoninus at first brought under the shadow of Learning and before the Peace made at Gaunt a publike Minister of the King's Party then Chief Justice and of the Publike Council of Gelders in which Employment he dyed A Man that attained by Nature what the Precepts of the Old Philosophers dictated and was so free from all passionate Fancy that he follow'd Parties not out of Affection because they were so but because he found them so 'T is a strange Thing to relate with what Flagitious Acts Mendosa's Army filled Germany the Towns being assaulted and forced without any difference their readiness to resist being so gotten in the Confidence they had of their long-continued Peace At the same time the Country People in hope of getting to a place of Refuge fled but their collected Wealth made them become both a more rich and easie Prey to those Russianly Plunderers The Fields were wasted enough in their very Passage so that in some places they proved barren the Year following because they were worn out at that time when they ought to have been sowed No less uncivil
nor did they omit private commodity either of the House of Nassau or of Emmanuel whose Father Don Antonio for a short time possessed the Kingdome of Portugal A conference being appointed concerning the chief controverted points immediately to the contest of the Indies was added another about the European Commerce this also having no small difficulties for the passage to Antwerp being opened the Hollanders but chiefly the Zelanders feared a damage to their Negotiations whereupon Richardotâ—â—me â—â—me to the States Commissioners beseeching them with 〈◊〉 That they would not lose out of their hands a Peace so much hoped for by too pertinacious a defence of what pleased themselves Nor did he obscurely maintain that nothing could be determined concerning Trade unless the pleasure of the King of Spain were first known therein and therefore the States should remember to contrive such a manner of Covenant or Article as might be approved by a Prince who is neither Conquered nor a Captive but really desirous of Peace The Moneth of March being almost spent the time limited for the Cessation of Arms was almost expired it was agreed therefore That April and May should be added And then the States offered this Condition concerning the Indies That it should be free for their Citizens during the space of nine years from the Conclusion of the Peace to go to all those places unless where the Spaniard had Dominion And that they should not at any time come thither unless they had permission from the Governors or were compelled by necessity And during that time all hostility should cease between them and their companions and if any should do the contrary it should not be lawful to take vengeance for the same in any other place then where the injury was committed or the doers of the injuries lived and then before the expiration of the said nine years there should be a more firm and lasting Agreement endeavoured The Spaniards refused this and plainly argued That the Indian Negotiation should for the present be limited and for the future left off But the freedome of home Commerce which the Hollanders seemed to suspect they provided for the same by these Articles First That all Taxes invented during the War should be abolished and only the antient moderate Tributes remain That the priviledg of drawing Merchandise to particular Markets usurped by divers Cities as of Germanâ— Wines to Dort French Wines to Middleburgh should be prevalent against the Citizens of other Nations and Countreyes On the other side the Hollanders understanding whither this tended declared it to please them that no greater charges should be laid upon Forreigners Merchandising then upon Natives but the rights of Cities to continue in the same posture they were before the Belgick troubles Also they esteemed it just that some caution should be given to them that the Ships that went from thence into Spain should be free and unmolested Concelning these Controversies Naya was sent into Spain to speak with the King with promise to return within forty dayes but the event evidenced that promise either to be false or rash However the interval of time was not spent in vain for first the States took into consideration the money owing by them to the English and soon after make a League likely enough to continue if Peace were concluded with Spain almost upon the same tearms as they had done before with France only but half the number of supplyes were promised Then all that were assembled above the number of the Commissioners returning to their own Provinces they that were chosen to preside this business of Peace called to the Enemies Ambassadors That they would expedite their demands upon the rest of the Heads to be Treated on The debate being entred into concerning Limits the Spaniards were not ashamed to insist That Brabant Flanders and all Gelderland beyond the Waell should be delivered up by the States who in stead thereof should receive Lingen Oldenzeel and Groll which certainly would have been a very unequal exchange And when they condescended thus far That for a short time the States should have the custody of the Towns yet so as the Soveraign power and Jurisdiction should be vested in the Archdukes they further said That they divided the Netherlands too liberally leaving that part to their Neighbours which the Fortune of War had determined to be the strongest The rumour of this business being dispersed the Brabanters under the States Jurisdiction not contented to obtain that they should not be delivered up to the Enemy thought they had a fit occasion given them whereby to recover their right of having a Vote in the publick Council for after the principal Cities and the last of them Antwerp had yielded to the Duke of Parma the rest being less then could govern themselves received Laws Tributes and Magistrates from the Authority of the seven United Provinces although Berghen op Zoome had ever continued faithful to the States yet Bredah and other places that were taken and retaken by War recovered their Liberty by the Trajectine League But those were not times wherein either the labour of Conjunction or the multitude of Judges ought to be increased Little was yet done with the Enemy when even now the Moneth of May was drawing to an end when they among the Hollanders that were desirous of Peace faintly desired of the rest That the residue of the passing year might be added to the Cessation of Arms but upon this Condition That the Treaty should no longer be continued than the end of July Which being agreed They fell to discussing the matter concerning the restitution of goods which gave new matter of dissention the former points not being fully concluded about which Verreike going to Bruxells and returning with speed reported what was the intention of the Archdukes That it was fit the burdens propagated by War should be thrown aside and buried by Peace and for the Towns of Brabant and Flanders they would gratify them with the same so as they might enjoy the whole Countrey That as all private persons were to have a restitution of their goods so likewise were to be restored to the Princes the goods their Ancestors enjoyed there being several sorts of profit of possessions due to the Majesty of Dominion not did it follow because the Archdukes had denuded themselves of this that therefore he should be deprived of the rest The States contradicted that a Government could not be deprived of its Revenue nor Cities of the ground belonging to them without the Ruine and destruction both of Government and Cityes and therefore unless they come to more moderation they would suddenly break off the Treaty The others insisted That although they denyed the Revenue yet certainly there was no reason why they should refuse to restore the private Patrimony of the Princes But this crafty difference and distinction was denyed also for that in these places there was no separate account of the Publick Treasury and the Princes