edward_n the_o confessor_n as_o to_o the_o tribute_n pay_v by_o lewis_n xi_o of_o france_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o then_o that_o it_o be_v well_o know_v upon_o what_o ground_n our_o king_n especial_o henry_n v._n and_o henry_n vi_o the_o latter_a of_o which_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o france_n in_o paris_n pretend_v a_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n before_o his_o day_n and_o what_o reason_n they_o have_v to_o demand_v a_o tribute_n so_o that_o hartknoch_n argument_n draw_v from_o these_o two_o example_n amount_n to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n have_v never_o any_o more_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n than_o the_o danish_a king_n have_v have_v to_o the_o throne_n of_o england_n or_o the_o english_a to_o the_o sceptre_n of_o france_n and_o what_o kind_n of_o pretension_n those_o be_v historian_n can_v inform_v we_o sveciae_fw-la norvegiae_fw-la et_fw-la daniae_fw-la nova_fw-la tabula_fw-la sweden_n scandia_n or_o scandinavia_n probable_o so_o name_v from_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n who_o call_v themselves_o schaanau_n or_o shane_n though_o junius_n think_v it_o may_v be_v very_o well_o so_o call_v from_o the_o ancient_a word_n schans_n signify_v a_o fortification_n the_o situation_n of_o the_o country_n be_v well_o fence_v by_o the_o greek_n baltia_n or_o basilia_n â—â—tion_n â—â—anâ—â—d_v its_o â—â—tion_n be_v a_o large_a peninsula_n lie_v betwixt_o 55_o and_o 72_o degree_n of_o northerly_a latitude_n and_o about_o 25_o and_o 65_o of_o longitude_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o west_n and_o north_n by_o the_o vast_a ocean_n on_o the_o east_n by_o part_n of_o muscovy_n and_o the_o sinus_n finnicus_n and_o on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o baltic_a sea_n which_o peninsula_n be_v inhabit_v by_o divers_a nation_n as_o the_o suiones_n or_o sueci_n queni_fw-la northmanni_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v account_v the_o store-house_n of_o man_n and_o original_a of_o thirty_o potent_a nation_n disperse_v into_o most_o part_n of_o the_o habitable_a world_n but_o we_o shall_v now_o at_o this_o time_n speak_v only_o of_o the_o principall_a part_n of_o it_o situate_v towards_o the_o most_o easterly_a point_n wherein_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o great_a and_o powerful_a empire_n which_o have_v of_o late_o spread_v itself_o very_o large_o out_o of_o this_o peninsula_n command_v by_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n his_o dominion_n comprehend_v all_o from_o the_o freeze_a sea_n on_o the_o north_n the_o dofrine_n hill_n or_o scar_n on_o the_o west_n the_o lake_n ladoga_n and_o onega_n and_o part_n of_o russia_n on_o the_o east_n and_o the_o sund_n or_o oresund_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n omit_v for_o the_o present_a the_o new_a accession_n in_o livonia_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o in_o due_a place_n that_o we_o may_v speak_v distinct_o of_o this_o great_a empire_n â—â—viâ—â—_n â—â—pâ—â—nd_v â—â—viâ—â—_n we_o will_v begin_v first_o of_o all_o with_o the_o north_n which_o be_v inhabit_v by_o a_o sort_n of_o people_n call_v lap_n or_o laplander_n all_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o subject_n of_o the_o swede_n the_o easterly_a part_n be_v under_o the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o westerly_a under_o the_o dane_n however_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o they_o indistinct_o their_o manner_n language_n and_o custom_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o 1._o lapland_n muscovitick_a lapland_n muscovitick_a lapland_n call_v by_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n biarmia_n at_o present_a by_o the_o swede_n trennis_n by_o the_o russes_z tarchanavoloch_n and_o by_o the_o native_n pyhinienni_n take_v in_o all_o the_o maritime_a tract_n of_o ground_n which_o lie_v from_o about_o kola_n to_o the_o white_a sea_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n or_o province_n 1._o mourmanskoy_n or_o maritime_a leporie_n 2._o tersa_n or_o terskoy_n leporie_n and_o 3._o bellamoreskoy_n leporie_n the_o exact_a description_n whereof_o be_v not_o accurate_o know_v to_o we_o 2._o lapland_n norwegian_a lapland_n norwegian_a lapland_n former_o call_v scrickfinnia_n by_o jornandes_n scretfennia_n now_o finmark_n or_o the_o province_n of_o wardhuus_n run_v all_o along_o the_o norwegian_a shore_n from_o the_o lake_n tornetresk_n near_o the_o dofrine_n hill_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o wardhuus_n but_o how_o much_o more_o easterly_a be_v not_o exact_o discover_v to_o we_o all_o this_o province_n or_o lieutenancy_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n 3._o swedish_n lapland_n or_o as_o the_o swede_n call_v it_o lapland_n swedish_n lapland_n lapmark_n it_o contain_v all_o that_o most_o southern_a and_o inland_n part_v of_o lappia_n from_o the_o province_n of_o helsingia_a in_o sweden_n to_o the_o lieutenancy_n of_o wardhuus_n or_o quite_o to_o the_o north_n sea_n it_o be_v count_v by_o some_o to_o be_v of_o equal_a extent_n with_o almost_o all_o sweden_n proper_o so_o call_v andr._n buraeus_fw-la say_v it_o contain_v in_o length_n above_o four_o hundred_o english_a mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o this_o lapland_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o lesser_a part_n or_o province_n call_v markar_n i._n e._n land_n all_o which_o have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o most_o remarkable_a river_n that_o run_v through_o each_o of_o they_o 1._o the_o first_o and_o most_o northerly_a of_o all_o be_v tornelapmark_n lapland_n the_o province_n of_o swedish_n lapland_n extend_v itself_o from_o the_o further_a corner_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n all_o along_o or_o near_o to_o the_o north_n sea_n call_v by_o our_o seaman_n north-cape_n 2._o next_o to_o this_o lie_v kimilapmark_n wind_v from_o the_o north_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o bound_v on_o one_o side_n by_o the_o eastern_a bothnia_n on_o another_o by_o that_o part_n of_o lapland_n which_o belong_v to_o russia_n and_o on_o a_o three_o side_n by_o cajania_n and_o carelia_n 3._o west_n of_o tornelapmark_n lie_v lulalapmark_n which_o have_v on_o the_o westside_n the_o dofrine_n hill_n and_o also_o on_o the_o south_n 4._o pithalapmark_n a_o province_n very_o mountainous_a and_o barren_a 5._o next_o to_o this_o vmalapmark_n bound_v as_o the_o former_a upon_o the_o west_n bothnia_n and_o the_o dofrine_n hill_n 6._o south_n of_o which_o lie_v angermandlandslapmark_n border_v upon_o angermannia_n and_o temptia_n though_o angermandlandslapmark_n and_o vmalapmark_n be_v by_o many_o author_n reckon_v for_o one_o because_o they_o be_v both_o govern_v by_o one_o lieutenant_n yet_o be_v they_o distinct_a province_n each_o of_o these_o province_n be_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o the_o country_n subdivide_v into_o lesser_a part_n call_v by_o the_o swede_n byar_n division_n their_o lesser_a division_n and_o be_v equivalent_a to_o our_o shire_n and_o the_o pagi_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o ancient_n which_o be_v not_o village_n or_o country_n town_n but_o large_a part_n of_o a_o country_n there_o be_v several_a of_o these_o shire_n or_o pagi_n in_o each_o province_n except_o angermandlandslapmark_n which_o make_v but_o one_o pagus_n vulgar_o call_v aosahla_n vmalapmark_n have_v four_o vma_n lais_n or_o raanby_n granby_n and_o vapsteen_n pithalapmark_n have_v seven_o graotreskby_n arfwejerfsby_n lochteby_n arrieplogsby_n wisierfby_n norvesterby_n westerby_n lulalapmark_n have_v five_o jochmoch_n sochjoch_n torpinjaur_n zerkislocht_v and_o rautomjaur_n tornelapmark_n have_v nine_o tingewaara_o siggewaara_n sondewara_fw-mi ronolaby_o pellejerf_n kiedkajerf_n mansialka_n saodankyla_n and_o kithilaby_n so_o that_o all_o the_o territory_n be_v divide_v into_o thirty-three_a byars_n in_o each_o of_o these_o there_o be_v several_a clan_n or_o family_n which_o the_o swede_n call_v rakar_n in_o the_o byar_n call_v aosahla_n there_o be_v about_o thirty_o in_o other_o more_o or_o less_o according_a as_o they_o be_v in_o bigness_n and_o fertility_n distinguish_v by_o several_a name_n each_o of_o which_o have_v a_o certain_a alotment_n of_o ground_n assign_v they_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o themselves_o and_o their_o cattle_n not_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o country_n farm_n but_o of_o a_o very_a great_a length_n and_o breadth_n so_o as_o sometime_o to_o contain_v river_n lake_n wood_n and_o the_o like_a which_o all_o belong_v to_o one_o clan_n or_o family_n who_o enjoy_v it_o all_o in_o common_a without_o appropriate_v it_o to_o several_a person_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o division_n of_o lapland_n not_o late_o make_v except_o that_o under_o charles_n ix_o some_o clan_o have_v certain_a allotment_n assign_v they_o but_o derive_v from_o very_o ancient_a time_n as_o appear_v from_o hence_o that_o neither_o the_o laplander_n have_v know_v nor_o the_o swede_n give_v they_o any_o other_o since_o the_o country_n have_v be_v under_o their_o subjection_n and_o it_o may_v not_o seem_v improbable_a that_o this_o manner_n of_o possess_v be_v begin_v immediate_o after_o the_o flood_n propriety_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o populousness_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o lapland_n suppose_v the_o
of_o a_o piece_n of_o cloth_n a_o apt_a name_n for_o a_o city_n which_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v the_o further_a boundary_a and_o bulwark_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o silesia_n it_o be_v a_o comely_a old_a city_n seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a and_o in_o a_o good_a air_n the_o duke_n palace_n town-hall_n and_o some_o citizen_n house_n be_v build_v with_o a_o neat_a and_o well_o polish_a stone_n the_o neighbour_a hill_n be_v cover_v with_o apple_n pear_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o fruit._n some_o wine_n they_o have_v grow_v but_o exact_o such_o trash_n as_o altmarck_n and_o some_o other_o part_n of_o the_o elector_n dominion_n be_v wont_a to_o produce_v ii_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o glogaw_n this_o city_n be_v usual_o know_v by_o name_n of_o great_a glogau_n city_n city_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o a_o much_o more_o inconsiderable_a town_n of_o the_o same_o name_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o oppelen_n cureus_n fancy_n it_o to_o be_v the_o same_o place_n with_o ptolomy_n lugidunum_n which_o as_o he_o probable_o enough_o conjecture_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o lugii_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n it_o be_v present_a name_n be_v of_o wendish_n extraction_n and_o signify_v proper_o a_o thorn-bush_n so_o call_v from_o its_o situation_n among_o thicket_n or_o in_o a_o copse_n glogaw_n be_v make_v a_o true_a city_n by_o conrade_n duke_n of_o the_o place_n about_o the_o year_n 1260_o at_o which_o time_n the_o city_n and_o cathedral_n the_o only_a strength_n and_o ornament_n of_o the_o town_n be_v build_v and_o the_o city_n stock_v with_o german_n who_o establish_v here_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o own_o country_n the_o palsy_n be_v a_o epidemical_a disease_n in_o this_o town_n which_o be_v think_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o extraordinary_a intemperance_n of_o the_o burgher_n in_o drink_v a_o sort_n of_o bitter_a and_o muddy_a but_o withal_o wonderful_a strong_a and_o heady_a beer_n they_o be_v also_o common_o torment_v with_o the_o stone_n and_o gravel_n in_o the_o kidney_n a_o distemper_n partly_o ascribe_v by_o their_o physician_n to_o the_o same_o cause_n with_o the_o former_a and_o partly_o to_o their_o feed_n chief_o on_o pork_n cheese_n etc._n etc._n to_o this_o dukedom_n belong_v the_o petty_a town_n of_o guhrau_n dukedom_n dukedom_n sprottau_n grunberg_n schwibussen_n beuthen_n pulkwitz_n koben_n newstatt_n warienberg_n and_o primnikaw_n the_o people_n of_o this_o province_n have_v this_o peculiar_a anti-salic_a law_n among_o they_o that_o upon_o failure_n of_o issue_n male_a a_o daughter_n inherit_v the_o estate_n of_o her_o father_n before_o any_o of_o the_o near_a of_o his_o male_a relation_n iii_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o sagan_n sagan_n once_o one_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o populous_a city_n city_n and_o still_o one_o of_o the_o large_a city_n in_o silesia_n it_o be_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n several_a time_n take_v by_o the_o swedish_n force_n and_o retake_v by_o the_o imperialist_n there_o be_v now_o little_a remarkable_a to_o be_v see_v upon_o that_o large_a spot_n of_o ground_n whereon_o this_o city_n be_v place_v except_o only_o the_o castle_n st._n mary_n church_n and_o two_o monastery_n and_o these_o be_v rather_o venerable_a for_o age_n then_o commendable_a for_o any_o thing_n of_o rarity_n that_o be_v in_o they_o the_o dukedom_n call_v by_o the_o polish_v writer_n ducatus_fw-la zeganensis_fw-la be_v of_o no_o large_a extent_n in_o length_n or_o breadth_n duâ—â—_n duâ—â—_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o west_n with_o lusatia_n and_o the_o barony_n of_o sora_n which_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o rhe_n marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o javer_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o the_o great_a glogaw_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o crossen_n it_o be_v once_o a_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o glogaw_n but_o afterward_o it_o be_v subject_v to_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o sometime_o three_o or_o four_o at_o once_o whence_o we_o read_v of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sagan_n in_o the_o plural_a number_n there_o be_v some_o large_a and_o rich_a cornfield_n in_o this_o province_n which_o be_v well_o water_v with_o the_o river_n bober_n queiss_n tschirn_n and_o neisse_n pribus_fw-la naumburg_n and_o freywald_n three_o small_a city_n be_v all_o subject_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o sagan_n iv_o the_o town_n and_o dukedom_n of_o wolaw_n notwithstanding_o that_o wolaw_n be_v ancient_o account_v a_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n duâ—â—_n duâ—â—_n and_o have_v always_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o same_o law_n and_o government_n yet_o the_o petty_a prince_n of_o silesia_n whether_o it_o be_v to_o multiply_v their_o title_n or_o for_o what_o other_o reason_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v have_v of_o late_a year_n make_v it_o a_o dukedom_n of_o itself_o and_o because_o thus_o separate_v from_o lignitz_n it_o be_v still_o too_o large_a to_o be_v guide_v and_o govern_v by_o one_o man_n be_v near_o as_o big_a as_o either_o of_o our_o english_a county_n of_o huntingdon_n or_o rutland_n they_o have_v subdivide_v it_o into_o six_o large_a circle_n or_o hundred_o which_o have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o they_o viz._n wolau_n hernstadt_n winze_v ruten_n raude_n and_o steinaw_n none_o of_o which_o be_v worth_a the_o describe_v to_o these_o they_o add_v two_o more_o enclosure_n no_o big_a than_o one_o of_o our_o small_a parish_n in_o england_n whereof_o the_o one_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o koben_n and_o the_o other_o breubawischer_n haul_v both_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v see_v in_o the_o map_n and_o thence_o be_v able_a to_o take_v a_o estimate_n of_o their_o true_a bulk_n and_o value_n wolau_n itself_o which_o in_o this_o country_n make_v a_o shift_n to_o give_v title_n to_o a_o duke_n city_n city_n may_v pass_v for_o a_o market-town_n in_o england_n but_o will_v never_o merit_v as_o here_o it_o do_v the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n it_o be_v every_o way_n mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a the_o building_n in_o it_o be_v contemptible_a and_o the_o citizen_n for_o so_o they_o will_v needs_o style_v themselves_o hardly_o able_a to_o provide_v bread_n for_o their_o family_n out_o of_o the_o little_a or_o no_o trade_n of_o the_o place_n the_o neighbour_a lake_n der_fw-mi gross_a teich_n furnish_v they_o indeed_o with_o fish_n enough_o for_o the_o support_n both_o of_o themselves_o and_o their_o child_n or_o otherwise_o they_o will_v not_o i_o think_v have_v any_o possibility_n of_o subsist_v and_o yet_o this_o mean_a place_n be_v for_o some_o time_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o german_a civil_a war_n nay_o the_o swedish_n lieutenant_n gortzke_n think_v it_o no_o small_a piece_n of_o honour_n that_o he_o brave_o maintain_v himself_o and_o a_o garrison_n in_o the_o town_n for_o some_o month_n when_o god_n know_v no_o commander_n of_o note_n will_v so_o far_o undervalue_v himself_o as_o to_o attack_v it_o ducatus_n silesiae_fw-la glogani_n vera_fw-la delineatio_fw-la notarum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs._n oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templis_fw-la pagus_n cum_fw-la sede_n nobile_fw-la pagus_n arx._n monasterium_fw-la vinetorum_fw-la colles_n fedina_n et_fw-fr officina_fw-la ferri_n lacus_n sive_fw-la stâ—â—â—um_fw-la paludes_n ducatus_fw-la silesiae_fw-la wolanus_n notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la urbs_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n arx_n molindinum_n vinetum_fw-la mons_fw-la notabilis_fw-la bona_fw-la ecclesiastica_fw-la ducatus_fw-la breslanus_n sive_fw-la wratislaviensis_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la janssonio-waâ—sbergiorum_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephaâ—â—â—_n swart_a notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs._n oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n molendinum_fw-la arx._n w_n â—â—yal_a devoir_n to_o the_o …_o be_v honourable_a sr_n george_n cartwright_n bar._n vice_n câ—â—â—berline_n of_o the_o king_n househould_v 〈◊〉_d map_n be_v humble_o â—â—â—dicated_v breslaw_n totius_fw-la silesiae_fw-la metropolis_n ducatus_fw-la silesiae_fw-la ligniciensis_fw-la exit_fw-la officina_fw-la janssonio-waesbergiana_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-la stephani_fw-la swart_a notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs._n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n arx._n molendinum_fw-la mons_fw-la notabilis_fw-la locus_fw-la ubi_fw-la dimicatum_fw-la fürstliche_n stadt_n lignitz_n schloss_n closter_n zu_fw-ge vaser_n lieben_fw-mi frawen_v s._n johan_n s._n peter_n und_fw-ge paul_n v._o the_o dukedom_n and_o city_n of_o oelse_n oelsse_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o low_a silesia_n about_o sixteen_o mile_n distant_a from_o breslaw_n first_o make_v a_o city_n out_o of_o a_o poor_a village_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o in_o the_o year_n 936._o the_o country_n round_o this_o town_n be_v pleasant_a enough_o and_o the_o air_n wholesome_a the_o gate_n wall_n turret_n and_o other_o fortification_n of_o the_o city_n be_v handsome_a and_o noble_a before_o the_o late_a war_n but_o the_o swedish_n general_n wittenberg_n troop_n demolish_v the_o great_a part_n of_o
it_o may_v be_v easy_o collect_v that_o even_o in_o his_o time_n though_o the_o name_n be_v universal_o receive_v yet_o the_o reason_n of_o they_o be_v not_o know_v it_o shall_v seem_v however_o that_o the_o division_n be_v make_v by_o the_o grecian_n or_o by_o some_o neighbour_n to_o those_o sea_n because_o to_o they_o and_o as_o far_o as_o their_o knowledge_n reach_v it_o seem_v very_o proper_a and_o useful_a the_o bound_n of_o europe_n be_v convenient_o state_v as_o to_o they_o but_o in_o other_o respect_v the_o division_n seem_v not_o so_o rational_a for_o asia_n be_v much_o big_a than_o both_o the_o other_o nor_o be_v europe_n a_o equal_a balance_n for_o africa_n but_o europe_n be_v lest_o know_v to_o they_o and_o seem_v a_o vast_a territory_n perhaps_o they_o may_v think_v that_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v not_o large_a enough_o to_o contain_v more_o than_o three_o such_o proportion_n beside_o the_o region_n within_o both_o the_o polar_a circle_n seem_v not_o to_o be_v comprehend_v under_o any_o of_o these_o part_n and_o though_o the_o limit_n betwixt_o europe_n and_o asia_n seem_v to_o be_v well_o determine_v as_o far_o as_o palus_n meotis_n yet_o be_v they_o beyond_o that_o which_o be_v the_o great_a part_n not_o so_o distinct_o constitute_v by_o any_o natural_a limit_n nor_o any_o other_o certainty_n however_o though_o perhaps_o the_o division_n of_o the_o astronomer_n into_o zone_n climate_n etc._n etc._n may_v seem_v more_o accurate_a yet_o be_v this_o to_o we_o especial_o who_o consider_v not_o the_o space_n of_o ground_n only_o but_o the_o difference_n of_o nation_n also_o and_o habitation_n much_o more_o commodious_a and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v follow_v it_o in_o these_o discourse_n begin_v first_o with_o europe_n europe_n europe_n europe_n though_o acknowledge_v the_o least_o of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o in_o many_o respect_n be_v by_o learned_a man_n prefer_v before_o the_o rest_n strabo_n and_o after_o he_o many_o other_o geographer_n have_v recommend_v it_o for_o the_o mildness_n of_o the_o air_n the_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n the_o multitude_n of_o navigable_a river_n and_o the_o abundance_n of_o cattle_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n necessary_a or_o convenient_a for_o humane_a life_n but_o more_o especial_o for_o the_o valour_n ingenuity_n and_o beauty_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o magnificence_n of_o their_o government_n the_o freedom_n of_o their_o subject_n the_o equality_n of_o their_o law_n the_o art_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o people_n and_o above_o all_o the_o sanctity_n of_o their_o religion_n which_o be_v accompany_v with_o a_o great_a proportion_n and_o variety_n of_o learning_n and_o knowledge_n than_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o can_v ever_o pretend_v to_o yet_o i_o do_v not_o perceive_v one_o part_n to_o have_v much_o advantage_n over_o another_o except_o from_o the_o industry_n and_o skill_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o in_o one_o place_n be_v great_a in_o one_o kind_n in_o other_o more_o signal_n in_o another_o and_o be_v able_a to_o convert_v a_o natural_a inconvenience_n to_o a_o great_a pleasure_n and_o profit_n all_o the_o advantage_n we_o know_v europe_n to_o have_v above_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v from_o its_o embrace_a christianity_n so_o general_o as_o it_o do_v for_o if_o we_o reflect_v upon_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n before_o they_o be_v christian_n they_o be_v as_o barbarous_a wild_a faithless_a brutish_a as_o any_o the_o most_o inhuman_a nation_n of_o america_n though_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o civility_n of_o the_o roman_n possessor_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n be_v a_o great_a disposition_n to_o their_o receive_n of_o christianity_n and_o that_o the_o extreme_a barbarousness_n of_o some_o as_o well_o as_o the_o voluptuousness_n of_o other_o nation_n render_v they_o less_o prepare_v to_o embrace_v it_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a for_o we_o to_o search_v into_o the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o name_n either_o from_o ancient_a fable_n name_n it_o be_v name_n or_o modern_a conjecture_n our_o first_o historian_n as_o we_o already_o touch_v ingenuous_o confess_v he_o can_v neither_o discover_v who_o be_v the_o first_o imposer_n of_o the_o name_n nor_o for_o what_o reason_n it_o be_v give_v notwithstanding_o if_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a to_o adventure_v a_o conjecture_n ground_v upon_o a_o observation_n of_o that_o excellent_a and_o ancient_a historian_n thucydides_n in_o his_o first_o book_n it_o may_v probable_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o a_o province_n call_v europa_n near_o the_o bosphorus_n thracius_n to_o which_o place_n be_v the_o short_a and_o most_o usual_a passage_n out_o of_o asia_n and_o where_o new_a colony_n arrive_v thrust_v forward_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n who_o from_o europa_n people_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o region_n westward_o may_v perhaps_o carry_v with_o they_o the_o name_n of_o the_o country_n they_o quit_v to_o make_v room_n for_o new_a plantation_n inhabitant_n first_o inhabitant_n howbeit_o we_o must_v not_o conceal_v that_o the_o learned_a be_v of_o divers_a judgement_n in_o this_o matter_n for_o all_o those_o who_o hold_v europe_n to_o be_v people_v by_o the_o posterity_n of_o japhet_n do_v as_o we_o now_o mention_v maintain_v that_o the_o first_o planter_n come_v by_o sea_n out_o of_o asia_n but_o those_o who_o rather_o imagine_v they_o the_o offspring_n of_o shem_n conceive_v that_o they_o come_v by_o land_n betwixt_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o palus_n meotis_n thence_o through_o tartary_n and_o ancient_a scythia_n into_o the_o northern_a part_n as_o far_o as_o scandia_n where_o their_o inundation_n be_v stop_v by_o the_o vast_a ocean_n they_o overflow_v into_o the_o southern_a part_n as_o britain_n france_n germany_n thrace_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o northern_a nation_n in_o their_o edda_n as_o the_o other_o pretention_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o scripture_n but_o as_o this_o make_v not_o much_o use_n of_o any_o argument_n but_o what_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o similitude_n of_o name_n so_o that_o tradition_n of_o edda_n seem_v to_o suppose_v those_o place_n inhabit_v before_o thor_n or_o wodens_n migration_n which_o indeed_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o of_o late_a time_n even_o after_o the_o trojan_a war_n though_o we_o suppose_v two_o woden_n prince_n of_o colony_n the_o late_a be_v about_o our_o saviour_n methinks_v it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o scandia_n sarmatia_n and_o thence_o as_o far_o as_o thrace_n be_v people_v from_o the_o north_n the_o getae_n be_v original_o goth_n and_o the_o daci_n danes_n the_o sarmatae_n scythian_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o memorial_n of_o nation_n ancient_a than_o these_o in_o those_o place_n beside_o their_o language_n betray_v their_o original_n but_o the_o same_o reason_n seem_v not_o to_o hold_v concern_v greece_n italy_n and_o all_o the_o south-part_n of_o europe_n nor_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o they_o who_o live_v in_o a_o continual_a prospect_n of_o europe_n even_o so_o near_o that_o they_o can_v swim_v over_o without_o the_o help_n of_o bladder_n shall_v so_o long_o forbear_v to_o seize_v upon_o a_o plentiful_a and_o rich_a country_n till_o they_o be_v prevent_v by_o those_o who_o successive_o people_v the_o country_n of_o the_o north_n and_o round_o about_o the_o euxine_a sea_n wherefore_o it_o appear_v more_o probable_a that_o the_o southern_a europe_n be_v first_o plant_v from_o the_o maritime_a coast_n of_o asia_n which_o seem_v also_o to_o be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o posterity_n of_o japhet_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n by_o the_o freeze_a sea_n bound_n bound_n on_o the_o west_n by_o the_o vast_a western_a ocean_n on_o the_o south_n from_o afric_n by_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o on_o the_o east_n from_o asia_n by_o the_o archipelago_n and_o so_o on_o by_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o palus_n meotis_n or_o the_o sea_n of_o zabache_n and_o thence_o by_o the_o river_n tanais_n to_o the_o most_o eastern_a wind_v thereof_o at_o the_o city_n tuja_n and_o thence_o by_o a_o imaginary_a line_n to_o the_o river_n oby_n and_o by_o that_o to_o the_o freeze_a sea_n europe_n exâ—ent_n situation_n and_o exâ—ent_n as_o describe_v on_o the_o globe_n lie_v towards_o the_o artic_a pole_n most_o in_o the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n under_o the_o four_o and_o the_o nine_o climate_n and_o between_o the_o seven_o and_o seventeen_o parallel_n which_o fall_v about_o ten_o degree_n on_o this_o side_n the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o three_o within_o the_o polar_a circle_n it_o be_v extend_v in_o length_n from_o cape_n st._n vincent_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n oby_n 71_o deg_fw-la on_o the_o equator_fw-la which_o reckon_v 60_o mile_n to_o a_o degree_n come_v to_o 4260_o english_a mile_n the_o breadth_n of_o europe_n from_o cape_n matagan_n in_o the_o morea_n to_o
black_a sea_n for_o fear_v of_o the_o guard_n which_o be_v always_o keep_v by_o the_o turk_n in_o the_o ancient_a ruin_n which_o they_o call_v aslan-korodick_a tawan_n be_v the_o great_a and_o easy_a passage_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o river_n not_o be_v above_o five_o hundred_o pace_n broad_a be_v all_o in_o one_o channel_n the_o last_o pass_v and_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o nieper_n be_v oczacow_n where_o the_o river_n be_v three_o mile_n broad_a yet_o both_o the_o tartar_n and_o other_o pass_v it_o frequent_o in_o this_o manner_n they_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o flat-bottomed_a boat_n at_o the_o stern_a whereof_o they_o fasten_v across_o pole_n of_o a_o good_a length_n upon_o which_o they_o tie_v the_o head_n of_o their_o horse_n as_o many_o on_o the_o one_o side_n as_o the_o other_o to_o balance_v they_o they_o put_v their_o baggage_n in_o the_o boat_n and_o row_v it_o over_o and_o with_o it_o the_o horse_n the_o turk_n pass_v over_o in_o this_o manner_n forty_o thousand_o horse_n when_o the_o grand_a signior_n send_v to_o besiege_v azak_a or_o azow_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o don_n in_o the_o year_n 1643_o which_o the_o donski_n cosack_v have_v take_v from_o he_o the_o year_n before_o oucze_fw-mi sauram_fw-la or_o now_o koniecpolsky_n be_v the_o low_a habitation_n the_o polack_n have_v towards_o oczacow_n which_o be_v begin_v to_o be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 1634._o oczacow_n call_v by_o the_o turk_n dziancrimenda_n be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o turkish_a galley_n lie_v to_o keep_v the_o entrance_n into_o the_o black_a sea_n there_o be_v no_o port_n but_o good_a anchorage_n the_o castle_n be_v well_o fortify_v the_o town_n not_o so_o well_o there_o be_v in_o it_o about_o two_o thousand_o inhabitant_n below_o that_o be_v a_o platform_n with_o good_a ordnance_n to_o guard_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n about_o three_o mile_n below_o oczacow_n be_v a_o haven_n call_v berezan_n upon_o a_o river_n call_v anczakrick_n it_o be_v sufficient_o deep_a for_o galley_n southward_o of_o that_o be_v two_o lake_n jesero_n teligol_n and_o kuialik_n both_o of_o they_o so_o abundant_a in_o fish_n that_o the_o water_n have_v no_o exit_n stink_v of_o they_o yet_o they_o come_v above_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o mile_n to_o fish_n there_o bielogrod_n be_v about_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n upon_o the_o river_n niester_n ancient_o call_v tyras_n by_o the_o turk_n kierman_n this_o town_n be_v under_o the_o turk_n as_o be_v also_o killa_n well_o fortify_v with_o a_o counterscarp_n the_o castle_n be_v above_o the_o town_n upon_o the_o danow_n opposite_a to_o it_o on_o the_o other_o bank_n of_o the_o danow_n be_v kiha_n where_o be_v see_v divers_a ancient_a ruin_n betwixt_o bielogrod_n and_o killa_n be_v the_o plain_n of_o budziack_n where_o the_o rebel_n or_o banditi_n tartar_n refuge_n themselves_o who_o acknowledge_v no_o superior_a either_o turk_n or_o cham_n they_o be_v always_o watch_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o poland_n to_o catch_v what_o christian_n they_o can_v and_o sell_v they_o to_o the_o turk_n of_o these_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o there_o be_v also_o many_o turkish_a village_n along_o the_o south-bank_n of_o the_o niester_n but_o all_o the_o country_n betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o danow_n as_o also_o betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o nieper_n be_v desert_n and_o be_v inhabitate_v by_o those_o tartar_n who_o there_o pasture_v their_o flock_n of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o such_o also_o be_v the_o vkrain_n till_o of_o late_a that_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o cosack_n have_v render_v it_o as_o fruitful_a as_o it_o be_v before_o desert_n we_o may_v judge_n of_o it_o by_o what_o monsieur_n beauplan_n say_v that_o in_o seventeen_o year_n that_o he_o live_v in_o that_o country_n himself_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o above_o fifty_o colony_n which_o in_o a_o few_o year_n sprout_v into_o above_o a_o thousand_o village_n but_o be_v so_o late_o plant_v the_o reader_n can_v expect_v we_o shall_v have_v much_o to_o inform_v he_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o give_v some_o account_n of_o animal_n which_o be_v almost_o proper_a to_o this_o country_n they_o have_v a_o beast_n which_o they_o call_v bobac_n anim._n anim._n not_o much_o unlike_o a_o guiny-pig_n they_o make_v hole_n in_o the_o earth_n whereinto_o they_o enter_v in_o october_n and_o come_v not_o abroad_o till_o april_n within_o they_o have_v many_o little_a apartment_n dispose_v several_o their_o provision_n their_o dead_a their_o lodging_n etc._n etc._n eight_o or_o nine_o family_n live_v together_o as_o in_o a_o city_n each_o have_v his_o particular_a habitation_n they_o be_v easy_o tame_v and_o be_v very_o gamesome_a in_o a_o house_n when_o they_o go_v to_o make_v their_o provision_n they_o set_v a_o sentinel_n who_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o spy_v any_o one_o give_v a_o signal_n by_o make_v a_o noise_n and_o they_o all_o haste_n to_o their_o cave_n many_o more_o thing_n be_v speak_v of_o these_o little_a creature_n as_o that_o they_o have_v slave_n and_o punishment_n etc._n etc._n sounaky_a a_o kind_n of_o goat_n be_v desire_v for_o his_o beautiful_a sattin-like_a fur_n and_o white_a shine_a smooth_a delicate_a horn_n he_o have_v no_o bone_n in_o his_o nose_n and_o can_v feed_v except_o he_o go_v backward_o thy_o have_v many_o wild_a horse_n but_o of_o no_o value_n only_o for_o their_o flesh_n which_o they_o sell_v in_o the_o market_n and_o think_v it_o better_o than_o beef_n or_o veal_n when_o these_o horse_n come_v to_o be_v old_a their_o hoof_n so_o straiten_v their_o foot_n be_v never_o pare_v that_o they_o can_v hardly_o go_v as_o if_o that_o beast_n be_v so_o make_v for_o man_n use_n that_o without_o his_o care_n he_o be_v unprofitable_a novissima_fw-la poloniae_fw-la regni_fw-la descriptio_fw-la nobiliss_n &_o tam_fw-la dignitate_fw-la â—…ueris_fw-la quan_fw-mi meritis_fw-la ac_fw-la patriam_fw-la honoratiis_fw-la viro_fw-la d._n no_o nicolao_n pahl_n in_fw-la celeberrimo_fw-la maris_fw-la balthici_n emporio_fw-la urbe_fw-la gedanensi_fw-la praeconsuli_n &_o vicepraesidi_fw-la bonarum_fw-la artium_fw-la patrono_fw-la ac_fw-la fautori_fw-la observantiae_fw-la ergò_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n poland_n polonia_n or_o poland_n call_v by_o the_o native_n polska_n take_v its_o name_n as_o some_o conjecture_n from_o pole_n which_o in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n here_o common_o speak_v signify_v a_o plain_a and_o champain_n country_n such_o as_o this_o kingdom_n for_o the_o most_o part_n consist_v of_o other_o suppose_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n from_o their_o first_o captain_n lechus_n or_o lachus_n be_v call_v po-lachi_a that_o be_v the_o posterity_n of_o lachus_n and_o by_o corruption_n polani_n and_o poloni_n impart_v their_o name_n to_o their_o country_n and_o in_o favour_n of_o this_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o they_o call_v themselves_o polacci_fw-la the_o italian_n polacchi_fw-la the_o russian_n greek_n and_o tartar_n call_v they_o lachi_n and_o lechitae_n the_o hungarian_n lengel_n probable_o for_o lechel_n the_o same_o with_o po-lachi_a but_o hartknoch_n find_v the_o bulanes_n place_v by_o ptolemy_n among_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o sarmatia_n and_o observe_v the_o poloni_n to_o be_v call_v bolani_n and_o bolanii_n by_o the_o german_a writer_n think_v he_o have_v make_v the_o fair_a discovery_n of_o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n nevertheless_o cromerus_n affirm_v that_o the_o present_a name_n either_o of_o the_o country_n or_o people_n have_v not_o be_v in_o use_n above_o nine_o hundred_o year_n certain_o in_o the_o time_n of_o alfred_n king_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n 880_o this_o country_n be_v call_v weonodland_n and_o before_o that_o by_o the_o roman_n general_o sarmatia_n as_o be_v the_o best_a know_a part_n of_o that_o great_a country_n only_o that_o branch_n of_o poland_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o weissel_n belong_v to_o old_a germany_n and_o as_o ptolemy_n acquaint_v we_o be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o aelvaeones_n the_o luti_fw-la omanni_n longi_fw-la diduni_n and_o luti_fw-la buri_n with_o other_o german_a colony_n by_o some_o writer_n the_o same_o be_v assign_v to_o vandalia_n and_o the_o vistula_n call_v vandalus_n have_v be_v for_o a_o time_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o vandal_n the_o people_n of_o poland_n be_v the_o undoubted_a offspring_n of_o the_o slavi_n slavini_n or_o slavonian_n seat_v in_o justinian_o time_n as_o jornandes_n relate_v on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n from_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o weasel_n to_o the_o niester_n and_o thence_o extend_v themselves_o westward_o to_o the_o danube_n and_o eastward_o to_o the_o euxin_n sea_n from_o which_o part_n they_o then_o make_v inundation_n into_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o their_o first_o expedition_n they_o be_v join_v with_o the_o antae_fw-la and_o vinidae_n or_o venedi_n or_o rather_o in_o
generis_fw-la quam_fw-la meritis_fw-la in_o patriam_fw-la honoratiss_fw-la o_o viro_fw-la d._n o_o nicolao_n von_n bodeck_n consuli_fw-la et_fw-la primario_fw-la judici_fw-la in_o celeberrion_n totius_fw-la maris_fw-la baltici_n emporio_fw-la urbe_fw-la gedanensi_fw-la artium_fw-la literarumque_fw-la â—autori_fw-la benevolentiss_fw-la o_o d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n masovia_n masovia_n call_v by_o the_o polander_n mazowsze_v by_o the_o german_n die_v masaw_n lie_v in_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o poland_n bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o prussia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o lithuania_n and_o polessia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n it_o be_v usual_o divide_v into_o these_o four_o part_n the_o palatinate_v of_o podlachia_n plockzo_n masovia_n strict_o so_o call_v and_o the_o territory_n of_o dobrin_n which_o last_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o plockzo_n there_o be_v different_a conjecture_n touch_v the_o original_n of_o its_o name_n the_o most_o common_o receive_v be_v that_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o mieceslaus_n the_o second_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n not_o endure_v the_o impotent_a and_o effeminate_a government_n of_o his_o survive_a queen_n rixo_n lay_v hand_n upon_o what_o every_o man_n can_v catch_v among_o these_o masos_n or_o as_o other_o call_v he_o maslaus_n former_o cupbearer_n to_o the_o decease_a king_n sieze_v upon_o that_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o he_o after_o his_o own_o name_n call_v masovia_n this_o masos_n be_v afterward_o overcome_v by_o casimir_n the_o first_o by_o who_o he_o be_v take_v and_o put_v to_o death_n by_o this_o mean_v it_o be_v again_o restore_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n though_o it_o still_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o masovia_n but_o stanislaus_n serictius_n reject_v in_o part_n this_o story_n derive_v more_o probable_o the_o massovii_n from_o the_o massagetes_n i_o know_v say_v he_o what_o our_o historian_n have_v write_v touch_v the_o original_n of_o the_o massovians_n but_o it_o seem_v incredible_a to_o i_o that_o so_o famous_a and_o courageous_a a_o people_n shall_v stoop_v to_o borrow_v their_o denomination_n from_o so_o mean_v a_o person_n in_o the_o year_n 1220_o lescus_n the_o white_a in_o the_o parliament_n of_o sandomir_n grant_v the_o dukedom_n of_o masovia_n cujavia_n and_o dobrinia_n to_o his_o brother_n conrade_n from_o which_o time_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o do_v homage_n however_o to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n till_o the_o the_o year_n 1495_o but_o then_o the_o race_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n begin_v to_o fail_v for_o that_o year_n john_n duke_n of_o masovia_n die_v a_o bachelor_n upon_o which_o john_n albert_n reunited_a plockzo_n to_o the_o crown_n leave_v the_o rest_n of_o masovia_n to_o his_o brother_n conrade_n which_o after_o his_o decease_n in_o the_o year_n 1503_o be_v grant_v to_o his_o child_n upon_o condition_n that_o for_o default_n of_o male_a issue_n it_o shall_v return_v to_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v effect_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n the_o first_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o palatinate_n of_o podlachia_n former_o belong_v to_o masovia_n and_o join_v by_o casimir_n jagellon_n to_o lithuania_n return_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1567._o there_o be_v no_o peculiar_a bishop_n in_o masovia_n but_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v divide_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o posnan_n plockzo_n and_o luceoria_n the_o metropolis_n of_o masovia_n be_v warsaw_n by_o the_o polander_v call_v warfrawa_n seat_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n upon_o the_o vistula_n encompass_v with_o a_o double_a wall_n and_o deep_a ditch_n distant_a 40_o german_n or_o 160_o english_a mile_n from_o posen_n and_o cracow_n here_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n keep_v his_o court_n in_o a_o large_a four_o square_a palace_n build_v by_o sigismond_n the_o three_o but_o much_o beautify_v by_o his_o successor_n over_o against_o this_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n which_o be_v passable_a by_o a_o stately_a wooden_a bridge_n sit_v the_o great_a parliament_n of_o poland_n in_o another_o of_o the_o king_n palace_n call_v viasdow_n seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o many_o and_o delicate_a grove_n and_o garden_n in_o the_o city_n be_v public_a building_n of_o good_a note_n the_o most_o remarkable_a of_o which_o be_v st._n john_n baptist_n church_n where_o divine_a service_n be_v perform_v by_o secular_a canon_n not_o far_o from_o viasdow_n in_o the_o suburb_n call_v cracow_n stand_v as_o a_o trophy_n of_o the_o victory_n obtain_v by_o the_o pole_n over_o the_o moscovite_n a_o small_a chapel_n build_v by_o the_o king_n command_n for_o the_o burial_n of_o demetrius_n suiscius_n great_a duke_n of_o moscovie_n who_o die_v a_o captive_a in_o the_o castle_n of_o gostenin_n the_o nobility_n of_o masovia_n which_o be_v more_o numerous_a then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o poland_n be_v reckon_v to_o amount_v to_o near_o forty_o thousand_o whereof_o fifteen_o thousand_o appear_v in_o a_o body_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o sigismond_n the_o three_o be_v all_o roman-catholic_n never_o suffer_v any_o of_o other_o religion_n or_o opinion_n to_o reside_v among_o they_o out_o of_o these_o be_v send_v yearly_a to_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n one_o palatine_n and_o six_o castellanes_n the_o palatinate_n of_o plockzo_n lie_v eastward_o from_o masovia_n between_o the_o vistula_n and_o prussia_n plockzo_n plockzo_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o territory_n of_o plockzo_n zavera_n mlava_n and_o srensco_n and_o send_v out_o to_o the_o great_a parliament_n four_z senators_z that_o be_v the_o bishop_n the_o palatine_a and_o castellanes_n of_o plockzo_n radzyagas_n and_o sieprez_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o plockzo_n its_o chief_a city_n seat_v on_o a_o high_a bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n whence_o you_o have_v a_o fair_a prospect_n of_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a country_n the_o city_n be_v a_o episcopal_n see_v and_o very_o populous_a there_o be_v in_o it_o several_a religious_a house_n and_o church_n beside_o the_o cathedral_n very_o well_o endow_v especial_o the_o abbey_n of_o benedictines_n in_o the_o suburb_n where_o among_o other_o relic_n be_v keep_v the_o head_n of_o st._n sigismond_n to_o who_o the_o church_n be_v dedicate_v enchase_v in_o gold_n give_v by_o sigismond_n the_o three_o the_o territory_n of_o dobrizin_n be_v proper_o a_o part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o plockzo_n though_o mr._n blaeu_o dobrzin_n dobrzin_n and_o some_o other_o have_v make_v it_o a_o distinct_a part_n of_o masovia_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o city_n dobrzin_n situate_a between_o cujavia_n and_o plockzo_n on_o a_o rock_n near_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n the_o house_n in_o it_o be_v general_o of_o wood_n and_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v environ_v with_o wooden_a fortification_n the_o country_n afford_v great_a store_n of_o fruit_n and_o fish_n prussia_n whence_o prussia_n or_o borussia_n call_v by_o the_o german_n preussen_n shall_v fetch_v its_o name_n prussia_n prussia_n be_v not_o easy_o determine_v certain_a it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o among_o ancient_a author_n cluverius_n think_v helmoldus_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o twelve_o century_n be_v the_o old_a writer_n that_o give_v any_o account_n of_o the_o country_n under_o this_o name_n but_o both_o dithmarus_fw-la who_o live_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o eleven_o century_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o second_o and_o before_o he_o a_o anonymous_n writer_n of_o the_o life_n of_o st._n adalbert_n the_o apostle_n of_o the_o prussian_n about_o the_o year_n 990_o mention_n it_o marianus_n scotus_n will_v have_v the_o word_n deride_v from_o aprutis_n a_o city_n say_v he_o in_o these_o part_n where_o st._n adalbert_n suffer_v martyrdom_n in_o the_o year_n 995._o but_o this_o conjecture_n be_v vain_a and_o precarious_a for_o where_o any_o city_n of_o this_o name_n former_o stand_v or_o its_o ruin_n can_v at_o this_o day_n be_v find_v only_o he_o himself_o can_v tell_v we_o johannes_n annius_n viterbiensis_n tell_v we_o the_o prussian_n be_v at_o first_o call_v pruti_fw-la and_o that_o from_o one_o prutus_n a_o scythian_a king_n grandchild_n to_o noah_n that_o this_o nation_n be_v a_o offspring_n of_o the_o ancient_a scythian_n be_v indeed_o allowable_a but_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o story_n we_o can_v say_v no_o more_o then_o that_o it_o be_v well_o know_v how_o nimble_a this_o author_n and_o his_o feign_a berosus_n be_v at_o counterfeit_v of_o name_n in_o the_o etymology_n of_o country_n other_o of_o the_o same_o authority_n with_o viterbiensis_n bring_v the_o prussian_n out_o of_o asia_n under_o the_o command_n of_o prussia_n a_o king_n of_o bythinia_n some_o will_v have_v the_o word_n prussi_fw-fr or_o prutheni_fw-la corrupt_v
and_o many_o other_o superstition_n they_o seem_v to_o have_v borrow_v from_o the_o roman_n who_o come_v into_o this_o country_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o palaemon_n hence_o they_o use_v to_o burn_v their_o dead_a expect_v say_v cajalowicz_n part_n i._o hist_n lithv_n lib._n 5._o p._n 140._o a_o resurrection_n out_o of_o the_o ash_n at_o the_o come_n of_o a_o strange_a god_n to_o judge_v the_o whole_a earth_n from_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o their_o mountain_n from_o these_o idolatrous_a practice_n they_o be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n their_o great_a duke_n who_o a._n d._n 1386_o upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o hedvig_a queen_n of_o poland_n turn_v christian_n and_o be_v baptize_v at_o cracow_n by_o john_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o very_a pious_a and_o zealous_a prince_n and_o exceed_v diligent_a in_o bring_v over_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n at_o the_o first_o he_o meet_v with_o no_o small_a opposition_n but_o when_o the_o king_n have_v cut_v down_o their_o tall_a tree_n the_o temple_n of_o their_o heathenish_a god_n and_o not_o mischief_n befall_v he_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o think_v their_o idol_n will_v never_o take_v this_o affront_n if_o able_a to_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v resolve_v to_o listen_v to_o their_o prince_n advice_n whereupon_o the_o king_n immediate_o build_v a_o cathedral_n and_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o vilna_n and_o the_o queen_n furnish_v seven_o parish_n church_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n with_o chalice_n vestment_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n for_o divine_a service_n the_o russian_n at_o that_o time_n as_o most_o of_o they_o be_v still_o be_v member_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n so_o that_o the_o king_n think_v good_a to_o forbid_v marriage_n with_o a_o russ_n that_o will_v not_o conform_v to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n at_o this_o day_n many_o lithvanians_n be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n though_o more_o of_o the_o roman_a in_o vilna_n and_o several_a other_o great_a town_n vast_a number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v lutheran_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o palatinate_n the_o metropolis_n and_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v vilna_n the_o next_o be_v the_o palatinate_n of_o troki_n 3._o minsko_n 4._o novogrod_n 5._o breast_n 6._o volhinia_n 7._o kiow_n 8._o miecislaw_n 9_o vitebsk_v 10._o poloxko_n vilna_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n vilensski_n by_o the_o german_n die_v wild_a have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v the_o house_n be_v general_o low_a and_o mean_a all_o of_o wood_n except_v only_o in_o some_o street_n where_o merchant_n of_o other_o nation_n that_o resort_n hither_o for_o trade_n have_v build_v themselves_o more_o then_o ordinary_a gentile_a one_o of_o stone_n most_o of_o the_o church_n be_v of_o stone_n some_o of_o wood_n the_o suburb_n be_v not_o build_v here_o as_o at_o other_o city_n in_o europe_n but_o round_o the_o wall_n in_o a_o confuse_a and_o disorderly_a manner_n every_o man_n place_v his_o house_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o wooden_a booth_n where_o he_o please_v the_o citizen_n be_v exceed_o poor_a and_o idle_a slave_n to_o their_o noble_n and_o their_o belly_n they_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o great_a lover_n of_o onion_n and_o garlic_n which_o kind_n of_o diet_n help_v by_o their_o smoky_a house_n blind_v half_o of_o they_o before_o they_o arrive_v at_o any_o considerable_a age_n their_o excessive_a intemperance_n in_o drink_v breed_v continual_a quarrel_n among_o they_o if_o a_o stranger_n be_v kill_v in_o any_o such_o broil_n the_o murderer_n pay_v only_o sixteen_o dollar_n as_o a_o mulct_n if_o a_o lithvanian_a be_v slay_v and_o the_o murderer_n fly_v it_o be_v usual_a to_o preserve_v the_o dead_a corpse_n embalm_v till_o they_o can_v apprehend_v the_o fugitive_n who_o they_o can_v condemn_v without_o show_v he_o the_o carcase_n of_o he_o he_o slay_v there_o be_v not_o one_o public_a hospital_n in_o the_o whole_a city_n though_o it_o stand_v in_o more_o need_n of_o such_o a_o provision_n then_o any_o place_n in_o europe_n if_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o the_o swarm_n of_o beggar_n every_o street_n afford_v the_o only_a piece_n of_o neat_a building_n be_v the_o monastery_n of_o bernardine_n monk_n all_o of_o hew_a stone_n the_o moscovian_a company_n of_o merchant_n have_v also_o a_o considerable_o handsome_a structure_n build_v for_o a_o repository_n of_o fur_n ermine_n and_o other_o rich_a merchandise_n bring_v from_o moscow_n the_o great_a duke_n palace_n have_v nothing_o of_o note_n in_o it_o but_o the_o armoury_n which_o be_v admirable_o furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n and_o armour_n consider_v that_o lithvania_n itself_o afford_v no_o mine_n of_o brass_n or_o iron_n about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o vilna_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v another_o palace_n call_v from_o its_o situation_n wersupa_n that_o be_v near_o the_o water_n build_v by_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n all_o of_o wood_n and_o beautify_v with_o a_o park_n and_o pleasant_a orchard_n and_o garden_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lithvania_n have_v little_a in_o they_o observable_a save_v that_o they_o give_v title_n to_o palatine_n and_o duke_n what_o number_n there_o be_v of_o these_o last_o may_v be_v easy_o guess_v by_o what_o be_v report_v of_o vitoldus_n once_o great_a duke_n that_o he_o have_v no_o less_o than_o fifty_o duke_n at_o once_o in_o his_o army_n samogitia_n this_o country_n have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o situation_n which_o be_v low_a and_o wet_a samogitz_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n signify_v a_o marshy_a ground_n whence_o the_o moscovite_n call_v it_o samotzkasemla_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o liefland_n on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o some_o part_n of_o prussia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v continual_o overflow_v with_o river_n and_o lake_n unpassable_a but_o in_o a_o frost_n the_o rest_n of_o it_o be_v full_a of_o wood_n which_o afford_v good_a store_n of_o honey_n pure_a and_o better_a than_o any_o in_o lithvania_n or_o liefland_n the_o inhabitant_n differ_v little_a from_o the_o lithvanians_n either_o in_o manner_n habit_n or_o language_n they_o be_v sottish_o ignorant_a gross_o superstitious_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o use_v no_o plough_n in_o till_v their_o ground_n but_o dig_v it_o up_o with_o spade_n or_o stick_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o some_o part_n of_o moscovy_n when_o one_o of_o their_o governor_n have_v observe_v how_o far_o his_o countryman_n be_v outdo_v in_o their_o husbandry_n by_o other_o nation_n endeavour_v to_o teach_v they_o the_o art_n of_o plough_v it_o chance_v that_o for_o two_o year_n after_o their_o crop_n be_v not_o so_o rich_a as_o former_o it_o have_v be_v whereupon_o the_o people_n attribute_v the_o miscarriage_n to_o the_o new_a device_n grow_v so_o enrage_v that_o the_o governor_n be_v glad_a to_o decry_v the_o experiment_n for_o fear_n of_o a_o insurrection_n when_o vladislaus_n jagello_n have_v convert_v the_o great_a part_n of_o lithvania_n he_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v the_o samogitian_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o resolution_n he_o go_v himself_o into_o this_o country_n and_o burn_v up_o their_o hallow_a grove_n and_o destroy_v the_o serpent_n and_o other_o creature_n they_o worship_v with_o threat_n and_o promise_v make_v they_o vow_n to_o abandon_v their_o former_a idolatry_n and_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n and_o for_o fear_v that_o when_o his_o back_n be_v turn_v they_o may_v relapse_n into_o their_o former_a heathenism_n he_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o mzdniki_n endow_v it_o with_o a_o revenue_n sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o bishop_n and_o twelve_o prebend_n who_o be_v to_o officiate_v at_o so_o many_o parish_n church_n in_o and_o about_o the_o city_n howbeit_o the_o good_a king_n be_v not_o so_o successful_a in_o his_o undertake_n nor_o his_o successor_n so_o vigilant_a in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o design_n but_o that_o to_o this_o day_n many_o poor_a ignorant_a idolater_n may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o desert_a part_n of_o this_o country_n these_o like_o the_o lithvanians_n speak_v of_o before_o worship_v a_o four_o footed_a serpent_n about_o three_o hand_n long_o call_v in_o their_o tongue_n givosit_n without_o one_o of_o these_o household_n god_n you_o shall_v scarce_o find_v a_o family_n if_o any_o mischief_n befall_v they_o they_o think_v it_o be_v because_o the_o little_a deity_n have_v not_o be_v well_o attend_v another_o piece_n of_o heathenish_a superstition_n be_v still_o retain_v by_o the_o rustic_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o
of_o lechus_n the_o first_o other_o think_v it_o the_o same_o with_o ptolomey_n carodunum_fw-la corrupt_v into_o cracow_n this_o city_n as_o it_o be_v the_o large_a so_o it_o be_v the_o best_a build_v of_o any_o one_o in_o poland_n cromer_n set_v it_o in_o competition_n with_o the_o best_a build_v city_n of_o germany_n or_o italy_n but_o we_o must_v allow_v he_o to_o stretch_v a_o little_a more_o than_o ordinary_a in_o commendation_n of_o his_o own_o country_n the_o house_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o freestone_n and_o four_o or_o five_o story_n high_a but_o cover_v with_o board_n instead_o of_o slat_n there_o be_v in_o it_o a_o considerable_a company_n of_o italian_a and_o german_a merchant_n who_o bring_v in_o such_o foreign_a ware_n as_o the_o country_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o it_o consist_v like_a london_n and_o paris_n of_o three_o part_n 1._o cracow_n proper_o so_o call_v or_o the_o ancient_a city_n 2._o cazimiria_n join_v to_o the_o rest_n by_o a_o wooden_a bridge_n across_o the_o vistula_n 3._o stradomia_fw-la which_o lie_v between_o cracow_n and_o the_o bridge_n the_o king_n palace_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n whence_o it_o overlook_v both_o city_n and_o country_n it_o be_v rebuilt_a in_o the_o magnificent_a posture_n it_o now_o stand_v by_o sigismond_n the_o elder_a who_o add_v the_o gallery_n on_o the_o north_n side_n from_o whence_o you_o have_v one_o of_o the_o best_a prospect_n in_o europe_n the_o university_n of_o cracow_n be_v first_o begin_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a finish_v by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n in_o performance_n of_o the_o last_o will_v and_o testament_n of_o his_o queen_n hedwig_n and_o have_v its_o privilege_n confirm_v to_o it_o by_o pope_n vrban_n in_o the_o year_n 1549_o the_o scholar_n of_o cracow_n by_o a_o general_a consent_n leave_v the_o university_n upon_o a_o affront_n put_v on_o they_o by_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n who_o refuse_v to_o execute_v justice_n upon_o the_o servant_n of_o andrew_n czarnkowski_n when_o in_o a_o quarrel_n they_o have_v slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o student_n and_o disperse_v themselves_o into_o several_a part_n of_o germany_n whence_o return_v lutheran_n they_o spread_v the_o reform_a opinion_n all_o poland_n over_o and_o get_v great_a number_n of_o proselyte_n upon_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n in_o this_o kingdom_n miecislaus_fw-la the_o first_o who_o begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 964_o cracow_n be_v make_v a_o archbishopric_n but_o within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o lampert_n zula_n refuse_v to_o receive_v his_o pall_n from_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n as_o his_o predecessor_n have_v do_v before_o he_o it_o degenerate_v into_o a_o bishopric_n afterward_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a which_o begin_v a.d._n 1226_o asleep_o contest_v arise_v between_o jvo_n bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o vratislaw_n about_o precedency_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n upon_o his_o submissive_a appeal_n to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n be_v again_o restore_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o archbishop_n which_o only_o last_v during_o his_o life_n at_o this_o day_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n wear_v a_o archbishops_n pall_n set_v rich_o with_o jewel_n which_o be_v the_o only_a relic_n they_o have_v of_o their_o ancient_a honour_n the_o next_o palatinate_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n sendomir_n sendomir_n be_v that_o of_o sendomir_n the_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n and_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o a_o castle_n both_o build_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a who_o afterward_o die_v of_o a_o surfeit_n by_o eat_v too_o free_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o this_o country_n which_o be_v reckon_v the_o fair_a and_o best_a in_o poland_n here_o be_v nothing_o else_o worth_a the_o take_a notice_n of_o save_o the_o monastery_n of_o dominican_n friar_n found_v by_o jvo_n archbishop_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n be_v take_v out_o of_o that_o of_o sendomir_n as_o be_v too_o big_a for_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o one_o palatine_a by_o casimir_n jagellonides_n lublin_n lublin_n the_o city_n be_v not_o very_o large_a but_o well_o build_v and_o much_o frequent_v especial_o in_o the_o fair_n keep_v three_o time_n a_o year_n by_o christian_n jewish_a and_o turkish_a merchant_n it_o be_v much_o better_a fortifve_v by_o the_o marsh_n which_o environ_v it_o than_o its_o wall_n and_o more_o beholden_a to_o nature_n for_o its_o defence_n then_o either_o casimir_n the_o great_a who_o wall_v it_o round_o or_o the_o russian_n who_o build_v the_o adjoin_a castle_n the_o great_a church_n in_o it_o be_v build_v by_o lescus_n the_o black_a upon_o a_o great_a conquest_n obtain_v against_o the_o lithvanians_n near_o this_o city_n and_o dedicate_v to_o st._n michael_n who_o in_o a_o vision_n the_o night_n before_o the_o battle_n have_v promise_v he_o good_a success_n st._n bridget_n monastery_n among_o many_o other_o magnificent_a one_o be_v found_v by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n one_o of_o the_o two_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n from_o which_o no_o appeal_n lie_v save_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o poland_n be_v keep_v at_o lublin_n hither_o for_o judgement_n in_o controversy_n of_o any_o great_a moment_n repair_v the_o palatinate_v of_o cracow_n sendomir_n russia_n podolia_n lublin_n belze_n podlassia_n volhinia_n braclaw_n kiow_n and_o czernichow_n or_o at_o least_o so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o be_v still_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n of_o other_o country_n and_o province_n to_o which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v former_o pretend_v a_o title_n by_o conquest_n contract_n or_o otherwise_o beside_o the_o place_n mention_v and_o at_o present_a subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n of_o that_o nation_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n lay_v claim_n to_o many_o and_o large_a territory_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o other_o prince_n omit_v bohemia_n moravia_n wagria_n misnia_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o rugen_n mecklenburg_n and_o lunenburg_n which_o whatever_o some_o of_o the_o polish_v writer_n assert_v and_o endeavour_v to_o make_v good_a be_v very_o little_a or_o not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n who_o be_v the_o only_a king_n that_o ever_o can_v plausible_o pretend_v a_o title_n to_o any_o part_n of_o they_o we_o shall_v confine_v our_o discourse_n to_o those_o country_n to_o which_o the_o polonian_a prince_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v have_v a_o more_o just_a and_o legal_a title_n that_o all_o or_o most_o of_o silesia_n be_v part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o poland_n silesia_n silesia_n in_o the_o day_n of_o lechus_n the_o first_o and_o several_a of_o his_o successor_n be_v high_o probable_a from_o the_o writing_n of_o adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n who_o both_o of_o they_o make_v the_o river_n other_o the_o bound_n of_o poland_n beside_o the_o german_a chronologer_n tell_v we_o that_o charles_n the_o great_a ludovicus_n pius_n and_o other_o emperor_n conquer_v the_o silesian_n and_o make_v they_o tributary_n to_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o polish_v historian_n upon_o what_o ground_n i_o know_v not_o be_v general_o positive_a in_o assert_v that_o silesia_n be_v always_o without_o any_o such_o intermission_n or_o conquest_n as_o the_o german_n strive_v to_o make_v out_o a_o part_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n only_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n agree_v with_o the_o german_n affirm_v that_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n among_o his_o many_o other_o conquest_n regain_v selucia_n as_o he_o call_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n after_o his_o time_n we_o find_v that_o casimir_n the_o first_o translate_v the_o bishopric_n of_o bicine_n to_o vratislaw_n whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o his_o day_n silesia_n be_v part_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o poland_n not_o long_o after_o henry_n the_o iv_o emperor_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o diet_n at_o munster_n a.d._n 1086_o make_v over_o silesia_n lusatia_n and_o indeed_o all_o poland_n to_o vratislaus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n though_o as_o cromer_n say_v he_o have_v no_o right_n to_o a_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o any_o of_o they_o whereupon_o ensue_v a_o bloody_a war_n betwixt_o the_o bohemian_o and_o pole_n wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conjecture_v the_o latter_a have_v the_o better_a since_o all_o historian_n agree_v that_o silesia_n be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n government_n during_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o three_o his_o son_n vladislaus_n the_o second_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o brethren_n who_o be_v leave_v coheir_n with_o he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n flee_v first_o to_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o first_o who_o bring_v boleslaus_n crispus_n duke_n of_o poland_n and_o brother_n to_o vladislaus_n to_o such_o strait_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o resign_v all_o silesia_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o brother_n child_n but_o upon_o condition_n they_o shall_v
norwegian_a and_o muscovitic_a lap_n to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o original_n and_o extract_v be_v say_v to_o have_v descend_v from_o the_o race_n of_o the_o finlander_n and_o samoieds_n original_a the_o inhabitant_n and_o their_o original_a as_o may_v probable_o be_v gather_v from_o the_o likeness_n of_o their_o custom_n language_n and_o manner_n of_o worship_n and_o also_o from_o the_o very_a name_n of_o laplander_n i_o e._n banish_a man_n or_o runnagado_n for_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v drive_v out_o of_o finland_n once_o by_o the_o tartar_n when_o they_o extend_v their_o dominion_n as_o far_o as_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o swede_n and_o because_o such_o desert_v of_o their_o country_n be_v think_v a_o disgrace_n to_o the_o whole_a nation_n none_o of_o the_o laplander_n of_o any_o quality_n to_o this_o day_n will_v endure_v to_o be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n but_o give_v themselves_o some_o other_o compellation_n as_o sabmienladti_n sameednan_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o opinion_n that_o they_o take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o finlander_n or_o rather_o be_v always_o of_o the_o same_o nation_n with_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o those_o description_n ancient_a geographer_n give_v of_o finland_n and_o the_o finlandish_a people_n agree_v exact_o to_o the_o modern_a lapland_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n saxo_n say_v that_o the_o finlander_n be_v the_o far_a people_n towards_o the_o north_n live_v in_o a_o clime_n almost_o unhabitable_a good_a archer_n and_o hunter_n night-wanderer_n and_o of_o a_o uncertain_a habitation_n wheresoever_o they_o kill_v a_o beast_n make_v that_o their_o mansion_n and_o they_o slide_v upon_o the_o snow_n in_o broad_a wooden_a shoe_n all_o which_o hold_v true_a of_o the_o laplander_n as_o also_o do_v those_o description_n of_o finland_n set_v down_o by_o tacitus_n and_o jo._n magnus_n beside_o all_o this_o the_o norwegian_n and_o dane_n call_v the_o laplander_n finni_n or_o finlander_n in_o general_a and_o divide_v the_o whole_a nation_n into_o sioefinnar_n i._n e._n maritime_a finlanders_n and_o lappesinnar_n the_o same_o with_o the_o laplander_n the_o russes_z also_o call_v they_o kajienski_n as_o come_v from_o cajania_n a_o province_n in_o finland_n and_o as_o we_o may_v hence_o probable_o conclude_v the_o laplander_n at_o first_o to_o have_v come_v out_o of_o finland_n so_o we_o may_v believe_v that_o the_o finlander_n more_o than_o once_o march_v out_o into_o lapland_n which_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o several_a name_n of_o their_o leader_n who_o some_o call_v thinns-rogre_a other_o mieschogiesche_n the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a transmigration_n be_v that_o of_o the_o biarmi_n who_o some_o miscall_v seridfinni_n so_o call_v from_o their_o go_v to_o dwell_v upon_o the_o mountain_n varama_n signify_v in_o their_o language_n a_o hilly_a country_n which_o people_n be_v by_o harald_n harfager_n king_n of_o norway_n almost_o all_o destroy_v in_o battle_n and_o the_o nation_n so_o scatter_v that_o for_o ever_o after_o both_o the_o name_n and_o credit_n of_o the_o biarmi_n be_v quite_o abolish_v and_o forget_v the_o second_o time_n of_o their_o desert_v their_o country_n be_v when_o the_o russian_n enlarge_v their_o empire_n as_o far_o as_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n which_o be_v about_o the_o six_o age_n after_o christ_n for_o fear_v the_o cruelty_n of_o these_o people_n they_o retire_v into_o lapland_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o russian_n kajienski_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a to_o confirm_v what_o have_v be_v say_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o insert_v here_o a_o testimony_n great_a than_o all_o exception_n that_o be_v of_o the_o worthy_a of_o all_o prince_n aelfr_v the_o great_a who_o have_v himself_o represent_v orosius_n or_o a_o ancient_a geographer_n and_o historian_n in_o his_o own_o saxon_a language_n so_o as_o to_o add_v supply_n where_o he_o be_v defective_a give_v a_o account_n of_o these_o northern_a shore_n out_o of_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o norwegian_a nobleman_n employ_v by_o himself_o for_o the_o discovery_n of_o these_o country_n the_o testimony_n be_v more_o authentic_a than_o any_o one_o that_o have_v write_v upon_o this_o subject_n so_o long_o ago_o we_o shall_v here_o set_v it_o down_o almost_o verbatim_o otherus_n say_v to_o his_o lord_n aelfred_n that_o himself_o live_v in_o the_o very_o northerly_a part_n of_o norway_n in_o the_o country_n call_v halgoland_n that_o northwards_o of_o this_o country_n be_v desert_n except_o some_o few_o place_n wherein_o a_o few_o finns_n live_v in_o winter_n upon_o hunt_v and_o in_o summer_n upon_o fish_v that_o have_v sail_v northward_o and_o easterly_a with_o a_o good_a gale_n for_o seven_o day_n he_o arrive_v at_o a_o great_a river_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n whereof_o be_v the_o country_n of_o the_o ferfinni_n which_o be_v thin_o inhabit_v by_o a_o few_o fowler_n fisher_n and_o hunter_n on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v the_o biarmi_n a_o populous_a nation_n so_o that_o he_o dare_v not_o land_n among_o they_o that_o they_o discourse_v with_o he_o many_o thing_n concern_v their_o country_n whether_o true_a or_o false_a he_o know_v not_o but_o suppose_v that_o they_o speak_v the_o same_o language_n with_o the_o finni_n that_o near_o this_o country_n be_v the_o great_a fish_n for_o whale_n and_o sea-horse_n which_o we_o call_v morse_n who_o tooth_n be_v then_o account_v of_o great_a value_n but_o there_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v another_o more_o general_a migration_n of_o these_o finns_n into_o lapland_n about_o the_o year_n 1150_o and_o till_o this_o time_n we_o never_o find_v they_o call_v lappi_n or_o loppi_n and_o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o name_n seem_v to_o be_v about_o that_o time_n ericus_n sanctus_n king_n of_o sweden_n subdue_v the_o finlander_n and_o bring_v they_o under_o the_o swedish_n government_n and_o also_o plant_v among_o they_o the_o christian_a religion_n whereupon_o they_o be_v subject_v to_o stranger_n and_o force_v to_o be_v of_o a_o religion_n different_a from_o that_o of_o their_o ancestor_n many_o of_o they_o retire_v from_o their_o own_o country_n and_o seek_v out_o a_o place_n where_o they_o may_v live_v more_o free_a and_o according_a to_o their_o own_o manner_n and_o those_o that_o stay_v and_o submit_v to_o the_o swede_n and_o embrace_v christianity_n look_v upon_o the_o departer_n as_o deserter_n of_o their_o country_n who_o fear_n of_o a_o good_a government_n and_o better_a religion_n have_v make_v exile_n especial_o when_o the_o king_n have_v put_v forth_o a_o edict_n that_o all_o shall_v be_v account_v banish_v that_o will_v not_o renounce_v pagan_a superstition_n be_v thus_o force_v out_o of_o their_o native_a country_n firâ—_n their_o 〈◊〉_d mannâ—â—_n of_o liviâ—â—_n at_o firâ—_n they_o live_v for_o a_o age_n or_o more_o upon_o the_o bothnic_a coast_n and_o in_o the_o wood_n of_o tavastia_n as_o a_o straggle_a and_o miserable_a people_n neither_o have_v law_n nor_o governor_n till_o the_o year_n 1272_o at_o which_o time_n they_o be_v make_v tributary_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n under_o magn._n ladulaos_n than_o king_n who_o to_o bring_v they_o under_o his_o subjection_n promise_v any_o one_o that_o can_v effect_v it_o the_o government_n of_o they_o which_o the_o birkarli_n i._n e._n those_o that_o live_v in_o the_o allotment_n or_o division_n of_o birkala_n undertake_v and_o have_v for_o a_o great_a while_n cunning_o insinuate_v themselves_o into_o their_o conversation_n under_o a_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n at_o last_o set_v upon_o they_o unaware_o and_o quite_o subdue_v they_o and_o for_o their_o pain_n according_a to_o ladulaos_n promise_n they_o alone_o have_v the_o privilege_n to_o traffic_v with_o they_o and_o receive_v tribute_n from_o they_o which_o they_o constant_o do_v till_o about_o ann._n 1554_o when_o they_o be_v entire_o unite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n and_o in_o 1600_o better_a discover_v and_o more_o certain_o know_v to_o the_o swede_n then_o former_o they_o have_v be_v and_o this_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o care_n of_o charles_n the_o nine_o then_o king_n who_o send_v two_o famous_a mathematician_n m._n aron_n forsius_n a_o swedish_n professor_n and_o hieron_n birckholten_a a_o german_n with_o instrument_n and_o all_o necessary_n to_o make_v what_o discovery_n they_o can_v of_o this_o lapland_n this_o country_n 〈◊〉_d â—â—emâ—â—_n the_o 〈…〉_o the_o 〈◊〉_d lie_v under_o divers_a clime_n have_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n and_o likewise_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n very_o different_a in_o those_o part_n that_o be_v most_o northerly_a and_o within_o the_o artickcircle_n the_o air_n be_v extreme_a cold_a and_o the_o ground_n barren_a but_o without_o the_o circle_n the_o heaven_n be_v somewhat_o more_o mild_a and_o benign_a and_o the_o earth_n more_o liberal_a in_o her_o production_n afford_v in_o those_o place_n near_o bothnia_n some_o few_o sort_n of_o potherb_n as_o colewort_n raperoot_n parsnip_n etc._n
mitten_n one_o pair_n of_o woollen_a stocking_n and_o one_o pair_n of_o shoe_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o soldier_n by_o these_o and_o suchlike_a mean_n great_a addition_n be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n exchequer_n the_o ordinary_a income_n of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o year_n 1578_o six_o or_o seven_o tun_n of_o gold_n of_o 100000_o dollar_n apiece_o all_o charge_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v first_o deduct_v though_o in_o that_o year_n as_o also_o in_o several_a follow_v there_o be_v spend_v in_o maintain_v wiburg_n and_o revalia_n city_n upon_o the_o border_n of_o muscovy_n 100000_o dollar_n extraordinary_a the_o sueci_n or_o swede_n by_o some_o writer_n mistake_v for_o the_o suevi_n or_o schwab_v a_o people_n of_o germany_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o nation_n with_o the_o sueones_n or_o suiones_n of_o tacitus_n by_o that_o description_n of_o they_o which_o he_o set_v down_o a_o ancient_a and_o warlike_a people_n unite_v under_o distinct_a law_n if_o swedish_n author_n may_v in_o this_o case_n be_v credit_v not_o many_o year_n after_o the_o flood_n by_o one_o suenno_n or_o sueno_n elder_a son_n to_o magog_n and_o great_a grandchild_n to_o noah_n and_o from_o he_o call_v suenons_a or_o sueon_n though_o other_o will_v have_v they_o so_o name_v from_o suedia_n or_o suidia_fw-la i.e._n to_o burn_v wood_n or_o forest_n that_o be_v cut_v down_o they_o be_v force_v at_o their_o first_o arrival_n into_o this_o country_n to_o fell_a and_o burn_v the_o wood_n in_o order_n to_o tillage_n but_o these_o opinion_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o grotius_n who_o derive_v their_o name_n from_o the_o swedish_n and_o english_a word_n swet_n because_o the_o swede_n be_v always_o a_o laborious_a people_n be_v conjecture_n scarce_o worth_a name_n that_o this_o nation_n be_v not_o only_o before_o but_o the_o parent_n of_o the_o gothi_n or_o getae_n be_v assert_v by_o many_o author_n and_o say_v loccenius_n apparent_a from_o several_a runick_a monument_n and_o ancient_a swedish_n law_n which_o testify_v that_o thence_o proceed_v the_o gothish_a people_n diffuse_v themselves_o into_o other_o country_n as_o thrace_n spain_n italy_n etc._n etc._n one_o of_o these_o law_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v make_v about_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a for_o call_v they_o back_o into_o their_o own_o country_n scandia_n every_o one_o be_v command_v present_o to_o return_v or_o forfeit_v all_o title_n to_o any_o inheritance_n there_o which_o they_o or_o their_o ancestor_n have_v former_o possess_v that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o well_o know_v to_o the_o world_n as_o these_o goth_n or_o getes_n which_o we_o take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o people_n be_v on_o the_o contrary_a altogether_o as_o certain_a but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o may_v be_v that_o there_o be_v several_a emigration_n of_o the_o latter_a when_o the_o former_a remain_v in_o their_o own_o country_n either_o not_o know_v by_o stranger_n as_o a_o distinct_a people_n from_o the_o goth_n or_o pass_v under_o the_o same_o name_n with_o they_o the_o norwegian_a chronicle_n reckon_v five_o and_o twenty_o king_n of_o sweden_n before_o haldanus_n hwithen_n the_o first_o founder_n of_o their_o kingdom_n which_o be_v afterward_o by_o harald_n harfagher_n the_o three_o king_n from_o he_o very_o much_o enlarge_v and_o make_v a_o absolute_a monarchy_n that_o out_o of_o this_o country_n a_o vast_a number_n of_o man_n go_v to_o people_n schonen_fw-mi and_o the_o cimbrick_n island_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o ericus_n the_o first_o swedish_n king_n according_a to_o loccenius_n his_o account_n be_v attest_v by_o johannes_n magnus_n and_o other_o author_n and_o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 870_o one_o otherus_n in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o northern_a region_n which_o he_o make_v to_o king_n aelfred_n make_v mention_n of_o swedland_n or_o the_o land_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o gotland_n and_o jutland_n give_v they_o muchwhat_a the_o same_o limit_n they_o have_v at_o present_a and_o in_o all_o age_n so_o famous_a have_v be_v the_o warlike_a exploit_n and_o victorious_a arm_n of_o this_o nation_n that_o one_o nicolaus_n ragvaldi_n archbishop_n of_o vpsal_n make_v a_o oration_n extant_a in_o johannes_n magnus_fw-la in_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n a._n d._n 1440_o concern_v the_o noble_a achievement_n of_o the_o sweo-gothish_a people_n prevail_v so_o far_o with_o the_o holy_a father_n there_o present_a that_o it_o be_v move_v in_o council_n that_o the_o king_n of_o swedland_n shall_v have_v precedency_n of_o all_o other_o christian_a king_n the_o man_n of_o sweden_n as_o to_o their_o person_n be_v general_o of_o a_o proper_a and_o big_a body_n manner_n their_o manner_n a_o comely_a presence_n and_o gentile_a carriage_n in_o their_o young_a year_n breed_v up_o to_o learning_n travel_a and_o especial_o language_n of_o which_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o a_o swedish_n gentleman_n to_o be_v able_a to_o speak_v five_o or_o six_o in_o perfection_n and_o in_o their_o ripe_a accustom_v to_o affair_n of_o state_n and_o war._n honest_a free_a and_o plain-dealer_n they_o be_v note_v for_o insomuch_o that_o the_o granary_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n have_v ancient_o neither_o lock_n nor_o key_n but_o only_o a_o hatch_n judge_v sufficient_a security_n among_o honest_a and_o trusty_a neighbour_n and_o to_o steal_v corn_n out_o of_o the_o common_a field_n be_v a_o crime_n so_o horrid_a that_o it_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n the_o woman_n be_v also_o of_o a_o tall_a stature_n and_o very_o personable_a general_o chaste_a adultery_n which_o be_v severe_o prohibit_v by_o their_o law_n be_v seldom_o commit_v by_o they_o modest_a virtuous_a and_o endow_v with_o those_o quality_n which_o be_v common_o the_o consequent_n of_o wholesome_a law_n and_o government_n they_o the_o citizens_z especial_o love_v to_o go_v neat_a and_o provide_v themselves_o general_o with_o good_a clothes_n and_o fair_a house_n count_v that_o ill_a spend_v which_o be_v superfluous_o bestow_v upon_o their_o worst_a part_n their_o belly_n when_o marriage_n christen_n burial_n etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v solemnize_v they_o spare_v no_o expense_n to_o seem_v noble_a and_o magnificent_a sometime_o rather_o than_o want_v a_o splendid_a funeral_n for_o their_o relation_n keep_v the_o dead_a corpse_n for_o several_a year_n and_o in_o the_o interim_n labour_v to_o gather_v up_o as_o much_o money_n as_o will_v maintain_v the_o pomp_n of_o its_o burial_n ancient_o they_o burn_v their_o body_n a_o custom_n as_o they_o say_v bring_v in_o by_o wooden_a however_o they_o make_v it_o one_o of_o their_o epocha_n and_o call_v that_o time_n aetas_n cremationis_fw-la afterward_o they_o bury_v they_o on_o the_o top_n or_o some_o eminent_a place_n of_o hill_n and_o this_o be_v call_v by_o their_o writer_n aetas_n collium_fw-la but_o christianity_n have_v reduce_v to_o the_o same_o custom_n that_o be_v use_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o religion_n frugal_a and_o laborious_a they_o be_v enure_v as_o well_o by_o their_o exercise_n as_o the_o clime_n of_o their_o country_n to_o all_o extremity_n of_o hardship_n it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o a_o common_a soldier_n to_o watch_v upon_o the_o guard_n at_o stockholme_n a_o whole_a winter-night_n full_a eighteen_o hour_n long_o without_o be_v relieve_v to_o be_v a_o gentleman_n and_o well_o descend_v be_v high_o esteem_v among_o they_o though_o frequent_o their_o title_n of_o honour_n outswell_v their_o estate_n for_o when_o any_o one_o of_o a_o competent_a estate_n die_v one_o half_a of_o it_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o survive_a widow_n and_o the_o other_o half_o divide_v among_o the_o child_n the_o son_n have_v two_o part_n and_o a_o daughter_n the_o three_o the_o widow_n part_n upon_o her_o decease_n be_v share_v among_o they_o after_o the_o same_o proportion_n so_o that_o one_o great_a estate_n be_v cut_v out_o into_o many_o little_a parcel_n by_o many_o child_n which_o be_v again_o subdivide_v by_o these_o child_n child_n the_o family_n be_v common_o reduce_v to_o a_o low_a condition_n all_o inherit_v equal_o the_o title_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n the_o hospitality_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v among_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o good_a quality_n hospitality_n their_o hospitality_n the_o most_o remarkable_a they_o ancient_o use_v to_o entertain_v those_o that_o be_v stranger_n with_o the_o like_a civility_n as_o they_o will_v treat_v their_o friend_n afford_v they_o victual_n and_o what_o necessary_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o gratis_o and_o furnish_v they_o with_o horse_n to_o the_o place_n whither_o they_o intend_v to_o go_v the_o contrary_a to_o this_o viz._n churlishness_n and_o inhospitality_n be_v think_v so_o great_a a_o crime_n and_o so_o unworthy_a the_o genius_n of_o any_o swedish_n inhabitant_n that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v reign_v sometime_o before_o
call_v nystort_v or_o st._n olaus_n fort_n build_v in_o the_o year_n 1475_o by_o one_o ericus_n axelson_n governor_n of_o aboa_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o carolus_n canuti_n viii_o 5._o tavastia_n a_o inland_n province_n tavastia_n tavastia_n have_v on_o the_o west_n north_n finland_n on_o the_o north_n cajania_n on_o the_o east_n savolaxia_fw-la and_o carelia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n nylandia_n and_o the_o principality_n of_o raseborg_n in_o it_o there_o be_v one_o fort_n call_v the_o fort_n of_o tavastia_n or_o tavasthus_fw-la build_v by_o berjerus_n jerl_n a._n d._n 1250_o to_o keep_v the_o tavastians_n in_o awe_n who_o he_o at_o that_o time_n have_v bring_v over_o to_o the_o swedish_n government_n and_o force_v to_o profess_v the_o christian_a religion_n here_o be_v one_o lake_n of_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n name_v jende_v or_o pejende_v and_o towards_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o province_n several_a other_o call_v kautilambi_n i.e._n iron_n lake_n not_o so_o large_a as_o the_o former_a but_o no_o less_o remarkable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o iron_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n find_v in_o they_o and_o as_o be_v say_v daily_a hook_n out_o for_o their_o private_a use_n 6._o nylandia_n or_o neuland_n so_o call_v new-land_n nylandia_n nylandia_n because_o its_o ancient_a inhabitant_n the_o finni_n and_o carelii_n be_v drive_v out_o new_a colony_n be_v send_v out_o of_o helsingia_n and_o suecia_n to_o go_v people_n or_o rather_o defend_v this_o country_n here_o be_v two_o city_n borgo_n and_o hesingfors_n 7._o carelia_n carelia_n carelia_n lie_v upon_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o great_a peninsula_n scandia_n or_o scandinavia_n part_v from_o russia_n by_o the_o river_n pinsyoki_n which_o run_v towards_o the_o north_n sea_n and_o povevetz_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o lake_n onega_n by_o the_o near_o approach_v of_o these_o two_o river_n towards_o each_o other_o scandia_n be_v almost_o make_v as_o the_o ancient_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o perfect_a island_n the_o nick_n of_o land_n call_v maanselke_o not_o be_v above_o three_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n in_o that_o part_n where_o the_o river_n come_v near_a together_o this_o province_n ancient_o contain_v all_o that_o large_a tract_n of_o ground_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o river_n kymi_n on_o the_o north_n the_o lake_n pejende_v on_o the_o west_n and_o onega_n on_o the_o east_n and_o the_o river_n sueci_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n and_o nieva_n which_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o finnic_a bay_n on_o the_o south_n and_o southeast_n but_o at_o present_a its_o bound_n be_v much_o narrow_a take_v in_o only_a the_o more_o southern_a part_n of_o that_o large_a country_n which_o former_o it_o do_v whole_o contain_v it_o afford_v good_a store_n of_o pasturage_n and_o breed_v cattle_n as_o ox_n horse_n etc._n etc._n in_o great_a abundance_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n carelia_n caria_n in_o the_o finlandish_a tongue_n signify_v herd_n or_o drove_n of_o cattle_n magnatus_n ducatus_fw-la finlandiae_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la delineatio_fw-la caiania_n finl_n metz._n finland_n …_o finl_n sept._n savolexia_n tavastia_n nylandia_n caretia_n literis_fw-la et_fw-la morum_fw-la elegantiâ_fw-la probatissime_fw-la juveni_fw-la magnorum_fw-la parentum_fw-la filio_fw-la d._n no_o jacobo_n schütz_n suece_n tunc_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la excolendae_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la per_fw-la varias_fw-la terras_fw-la peregrinanti_fw-la tabula_fw-la haec_fw-la geographica_n submiss_a offertur_fw-la the_o chief_a city_n in_o finlandish_a carelia_n city_n city_n be_v 1._o wiburg_n a_o note_a mart-town_n well_o fortify_v with_o trench_n fort_n and_o a_o strong_a castle_n against_o which_o the_o muscovite_n very_o often_o have_v make_v unsuccessful_a attempt_n with_o no_o less_o than_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n 2._o kexholm_n or_o as_o the_o swede_n call_v it_o kekisalmi_n i.e._n the_o frith_n of_o gurnardi_n from_o keki_n signify_v a_o kind_n of_o fish_n call_v a_o car_n or_o gurnardi_n which_o abound_v in_o the_o river_n wax_v upon_o which_o this_o city_n stand_v and_o salmi_n a_o frith_n or_o bay_n the_o russes_z call_v it_o carelogorod_n i._n e._n the_o fort_n of_o carelia_n gorod_v in_o their_o language_n denote_v a_o fort._n in_o this_o province_n the_o soil_n be_v exceed_o rich_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o those_o place_n especial_o which_o lie_n near_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n for_o fifteen_o or_o twenty_o mile_n northward_o from_o it_o the_o ground_n be_v so_o overflow_v with_o lake_n and_o river_n that_o it_o bear_v corn_n only_o on_o the_o high_a and_o more_o mountainous_a part_n whereupon_o the_o inhabitant_n live_v most_o upon_o hunt_v and_o fish_v take_v more_o pain_n for_o their_o subsistence_n where_o the_o earth_n be_v less_o bountiful_a the_o large_a and_o most_o remarkable_a among_o the_o lake_n of_o this_o country_n and_o as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n of_o all_o europe_n be_v the_o lake_n ladoga_n of_o which_o four_o part_n in_o five_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o a_o kind_n of_o fish_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o herring_n call_v in_o the_o russian_a tongue_n lagdog_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o lake_n and_o with_o which_o it_o very_o much_o abound_v the_o figure_n of_o it_o be_v oval_a about_o a_o hundred_o league_n in_o length_n and_o sixty_o in_o breadth_n in_o it_o be_v many_o small_a island_n and_o upon_o its_o bank_n several_a town_n of_o very_a good_a note_n near_o a_o place_n call_v kidila_n in_o this_o province_n be_v dug_n out_o of_o the_o ground_n a_o sort_n of_o precious_a stone_n which_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o kexholmian_a ruby_n the_o russes_z call_v they_o kidelsco_n camen_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o finland_n be_v say_v jornandes_n the_o most_o hospitable_a and_o least_o barbarous_a of_o any_o of_o the_o scandian_o finland_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o finland_n but_o at_o present_a they_o be_v of_o all_o the_o lap_n only_o except_v the_o most_o fierce_a and_o uncivilise_v their_o language_n which_o they_o make_v use_v of_o language_n their_o language_n and_o which_o be_v proper_a to_o themselves_o be_v of_o a_o harsh_a and_o uneven_a dialect_n difficult_o attainable_a by_o any_o stranger_n as_o have_v in_o it_o some_o propriety_n not_o common_a to_o any_o european_a tongue_n as_o in_o the_o whole_a language_n they_o have_v no_o f_o nor_o any_o word_n that_o begin_v with_o b_o d_o or_o g_z or_o two_o consonant_n so_o that_o they_o pronounce_v v._o g._n for_o the_o he_o for_o grant_v rant_v for_o both_o poth_o for_o good_a can_v etc._n etc._n thro'_o the_o whole_a tongue_n they_o observe_v no_o gender_n and_o have_v but_o one_o article_n se_fw-la to_o denote_v both_o sex_n their_o preposition_n they_o place_n after_o the_o word_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v their_o rythm_n in_o verse_n they_o count_v not_o from_o the_o like_o end_v but_o the_o like_a beginning_n of_o the_o last_o word_n and_o many_o suchlike_a difference_n the_o government_n of_o finland_n government_n their_o government_n be_v ancient_o administer_v by_o king_n of_o its_o own_o who_o exercise_v their_o power_n without_o control_n and_o be_v no_o way_n tributary_n to_o or_o dependent_a on_o a_o foreign_a jurisdiction_n till_o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1150_o ericus_n ix_o surname_v the_o saint_n king_n of_o sweden_n bring_v the_o whole_a country_n into_o subjection_n to_o his_o law_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n compel_v they_o to_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n after_o his_o day_n tavastia_n be_v conquer_v by_o berjerus_n jerl_n and_o carelia_n by_o turgillus_n kuntesonius_n who_o build_v viburg_n to_o defend_v it_o against_o the_o russes_z a._n d._n 1193._o at_o present_a the_o whole_a principality_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o be_v reckon_v as_o a_o very_a considerable_a part_n of_o his_o dominion_n of_o ingria_n or_o ingermanland_n ingria_n ingermanland_n ingria_n of_o ingria_n or_o as_o the_o muscovite_n call_v it_o isera_n be_v a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a province_n have_v on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n part_n of_o muscovy_n on_o the_o west_n esthonia_n and_o part_n of_o the_o finnic_a bay_n on_o the_o north_n the_o lake_n ladoga_n and_o the_o river_n which_o join_v it_o with_o the_o finnic_a bay_n it_o afford_v beast_n both_o wild_a and_o tame_a of_o several_a species_n in_o great_a plenty_n that_o which_o abound_v most_o be_v the_o aelg_n elk_n or_o as_o the_o german_n call_v it_o ellent_a which_o as_o we_o mention_v in_o lapland_n in_o the_o spring-time_n swim_v over_o the_o river_n nieva_n in_o numerous_a herd_n into_o carelia_n and_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o autumn_n return_v by_o the_o same_o way_n into_o russia_n and_o the_o more_o southern_a part_n of_o this_o province_n and_o also_o into_o esthonia_n livonia_n etc._n etc._n here_o be_v several_a city_n of_o great_a importance_n and_o strength_n which_o be_v former_o the_o
king_n of_o denmark_n be_v call_v dan_n who_o reign_v before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n from_o he_o denmark_n have_v its_o name_n but_o the_o story_n they_o tell_v we_o of_o this_o king_n like_o all_o their_o ancient_a history_n be_v so_o incoherent_a and_o incredible_a that_o little_a trust_n can_v be_v give_v to_o this_o etymology_n other_o ridiculous_o derive_v the_o name_n of_o dane_n and_o danemark_n from_o dan_n the_o son_n of_o jacob._n some_o from_o the_o grecian_a danai_n hadrianus_n junius_n a_o learned_a historian_n but_o not_o too_o happy_a in_o etymology_n will_v have_v the_o dane_n so_o call_v from_o the_o abundance_n of_o fir-tree_n which_o grow_v in_o their_o country_n not_o consider_v that_o a_o fir-tree_n have_v not_o the_o same_o name_n dannen_n or_o tannen-baum_a in_o denmark_n as_o in_o germany_n for_o the_o dane_n as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a call_v it_o a_o firtre_n or_o firtrae_n pontanus_n sleght_v all_o the_o conjecture_n of_o other_o author_n think_v he_o give_v we_o a_o sufficient_a account_n of_o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n dani_n and_o dania_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o these_o people_n be_v the_o danciones_fw-la or_o dansciones_fw-la as_o the_o learned_a mr._n cambden_n read_v the_o word_n instead_o of_o dausiones_n in_o the_o vulgar_a copy_n mention_v by_o ptolomey_n but_o this_o determination_n be_v not_o at_o all_o satisfactory_a for_o the_o question_n be_v not_o how_o long_o but_o whence_o the_o dane_n have_v have_v their_o name_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o dare_v not_o assent_v to_o any_o of_o the_o derivation_n yet_o give_v but_o have_v rather_o guess_v that_o the_o dane_n or_o dansche_n take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o great_a opinion_n they_o have_v of_o their_o own_o uprightness_n and_o integrity_n for_o danneman_n be_v a_o word_n ordinary_o use_v among_o they_o to_o this_o day_n to_o denote_v a_o honest_a and_o good_a man_n thus_o the_o german_n use_v the_o phrase_n ein_fw-ge teutschhertziger_fw-ge mensch_fw-ge to_o signify_v a_o true_a dutch_n heart_v fellow_n and_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v the_o constant_a custom_n of_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n to_o give_v themselves_o name_n from_o their_o piety_n as_o well_o as_o prowess_n thus_o the_o people_n who_o style_v themselves_o germane_a war-man_n in_o the_o field_n be_v teutschen_n or_o godly_a at_o home_n and_o the_o cimbri_n or_o camp-fighter_n in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v gottisch_n pious_a and_o religious_a as_o soon_o as_o they_o lay_v down_o their_o weapon_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o denmark_n be_v the_o cimbri_n and_o getae_n inhabitant_n ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o both_o which_o we_o shall_v discourse_v at_o large_a in_o the_o description_n of_o jutland_n concern_v the_o goth_n something_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o description_n of_o sweden_n and_o more_o may_v be_v expect_v in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o cimbric_n island_n the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o 1._o jutland_o situation_n division_n and_o situation_n which_o be_v a_o peninsula_n wash_v on_o either_o side_n by_o the_o german_a and_o baltic_a sea_n and_o bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o nether_a saxony_n 2._o zeeland_n funen_n with_o some_o more_o island_n of_o less_o note_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v 3._o schonen_fw-mi and_z halland_n which_o former_o do_v belong_v to_o this_o kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1658_o by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n conclude_v at_o roschild_n between_o frederic_n iii_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o charles_n x._o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v whole_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o swedeland_n and_o by_o another_o ratification_n hold_v at_o copenhagen_n 1660_o confirm_v to_o it_o the_o air_n be_v not_o so_o cold_a as_o in_o some_o place_n of_o germany_n which_o lie_v much_o more_o to_o the_o south_n air._n air._n nor_o so_o hot_a in_o summer_n this_o temperature_n proceed_v chief_o from_o the_o adjoin_a sea_n which_o as_o in_o england_n fan_n the_o inhabitant_n in_o summer_n and_o keep_v they_o warm_a in_o winter_n sometime_o indeed_o the_o baltic_a sea_n be_v freeze_v up_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1659._o when_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n march_v his_o army_n out_o of_o jutland_n into_o zeeland_n over_o the_o ice_n and_o then_o charcoal_n and_o turf_n which_o be_v their_o only_a fuel_n stand_v their_o friend_n the_o land_n natural_o barren_a soil_n soil_n and_o abound_v with_o little_a but_o wood_n and_o mountain_n be_v by_o the_o late_a care_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v very_o fruitful_a funen_n furnish_v many_o foreign_a part_n with_o barley_n and_o zeeland_n great_a trade_n lie_v in_o transport_v of_o corn_n and_o hay_n schonen_fw-mi be_v full_a of_o pleasant_a meadow_n whence_o some_o author_n think_v it_o have_v its_o name_n for_o schone_n signify_v fair_a the_o rich_a pasture_n in_o denmark_n afford_v such_o multitude_n of_o kine_n cattle_n cattle_n that_o according_a to_o oldenburgh_n relation_n some_o year_n forty_o thousand_o other_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o cow_n and_o ox_n be_v hence_o transport_v into_o the_o low_a country_n which_o must_v needs_o exceed_o enrich_v the_o kingdom_n they_o have_v also_o good_a breed_v of_o horse_n but_o not_o in_o such_o number_n that_o they_o can_v afford_v to_o send_v any_o into_o other_o nation_n helmoldus_n tell_v we_o fish_n fish_n that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o great_a riches_n of_o the_o dane_n consist_v in_o fish_n and_o saxon_a grammaticus_n say_v the_o seacoast_n round_a zeeland_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n be_v so_o stock_v with_o shoal_n of_o herring_n and_o other_o fish_n that_o you_o may_v not_o only_o take_v they_o up_o with_o your_o hand_n without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o net_n line_n or_o hook_n but_o that_o they_o hinder_v the_o passage_n of_o ship_n and_o bo_n certain_a it_o be_v however_o strange_a and_o incredible_a saxo_n story_n may_v appear_v herring_n swim_v usual_o in_o infinite_a number_n and_o no_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ancient_o better_a stock_v with_o this_o kind_n of_o fish_n then_o the_o coast_n of_o denmark_n but_o of_o late_a year_n the_o herring-trade_n have_v fail_v strange_o here_o and_o those_o they_o do_v catch_v come_v far_o short_a of_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a herring_n in_o bulk_n and_o goodness_n i_o be_o unwilling_a to_o think_v with_o oldenburgh_n this_o decay_n of_o the_o fishing-trade_n in_o denmark_n a_o judgement_n inflict_v on_o the_o inhabitant_n since_o our_o fisherman_n will_v tell_v we_o that_o some_o year_n the_o herring_n haunt_v the_o english_a shore_n sometime_o the_o dutch_a or_o french_a however_o though_o the_o herring_n have_v forsake_v they_o they_o have_v still_o plenty_n of_o other_o sort_n of_o fish_n as_o plaise_n whiteing_n cod_n etc._n etc._n which_o they_o dry_a and_o send_v abroad_o pontanus_n to_o show_v how_o well_o they_o be_v provide_v in_o this_o kind_n tell_v we_o this_o memorable_a story_n it_o happen_v not_o many_o year_n before_o the_o write_n of_o his_o history_n of_o denmark_n that_o several_a ambassador_n from_o most_o of_o the_o great_a prince_n in_o europe_n be_v meet_v together_o at_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n court_n have_v some_o dispute_v about_o precedency_n some_o of_o they_o assert_v the_o dignity_n and_o power_n of_o their_o master_n from_o the_o riches_n of_o their_o country_n in_o gold_n and_o silver_n other_o brag_v of_o the_o plenty_n of_o corn_n fruit_n etc._n etc._n when_o all_o have_v do_v the_o danish_a ambassador_n tell_v they_o that_o shall_v the_o rich_a prince_n in_o europe_n sell_v his_o kingdom_n and_o with_o the_o price_n buy_v nothing_o else_o but_o wooden_a platter_n the_o king_n his_o master_n be_v able_a to_o fill_v they_o all_o with_o three_o sort_n of_o fresh_a fish_n whereupon_o they_o unanimous_o declare_v the_o king_n of_o denmark_n the_o happy_a prince_n in_o christendom_n and_o place_v his_o ambassador_n next_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o sit_v on_o the_o emperor_n right_a hand_n their_o forest_n be_v full_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o venison_n forest_n forest_n insomuch_o that_o every_o hunt_a season_n which_o common_o be_v in_o august_n there_o be_v above_o sixteen_o hundred_o buck_n bring_v in_o to_o the_o king_n palace_n beside_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o hare_n coney_n boar_n etc._n etc._n however_o the_o ancient_a roman_n vilify_v and_o contemn_v all_o the_o northern_a nation_n manner_n manner_n esteem_v they_o a_o sort_n of_o barbarous_a dull_a and_o unactive_a people_n yet_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o relation_n give_v by_o lucius_n florus_n and_o other_o roman_a historian_n who_o never_o care_v for_o speak_v too_o well_o of_o their_o enemy_n how_o stout_o the_o cimbrian_o encounter_v the_o roman_a force_n and_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o the_o galli_n senones_n come_v out_o of_o this_o country_n who_o force_v their_o infantry_n to_o take_v sanctuary_n or_o
minute_n and_o then_o the_o parallel_n betwixt_o ptolomy_n thule_n and_o this_o island_n will_v fail_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n nature_n of_o the_o soil_n temperature_n of_o the_o air_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o same_o in_o this_o isle_n as_o in_o iseland_n iseland_n iseland_n be_v a_o isle_n in_o the_o deucalidonian_a sea_n situation_n situation_n situate_v 13_o deg_fw-la and_o 30_o min._n of_o longitude_n and_o 65_o deg_fw-la and_o 44_o min._n of_o latitude_n reckon_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o whole_a isle_n from_o skalholt_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o it_o it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o northern_a ocean_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o deucalidonian_a sea_n on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n with_o the_o freeze_a sea_n of_o groenland_n the_o isle_n be_v first_o discover_v by_o one_o naddoc_n discovery_n discovery_n who_o sail_v near_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o fero_n island_n be_v by_o a_o unexpected_a tempest_n drive_v upon_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o iseland_n which_o from_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o snow_n that_o then_o overspread_v the_o country_n he_o call_v sneeland_n after_o he_o a_o swedish_n mariner_n name_v gardar_n make_v a_o second_o discovery_n of_o this_o isle_n and_o after_o his_o own_o name_n call_v it_o gardarsholm_n this_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 864._o not_o long_o after_o this_o one_o flocco_n a_o norwegian_a pirate_n make_v a_o three_o discovery_n of_o it_o not_o casual_o as_o the_o other_o two_o have_v do_v but_o by_o design_n he_o have_v hear_v some_o faint_a story_n of_o the_o two_o former_a discoverer_n and_o question_v not_o but_o if_o he_o can_v meet_v with_o this_o newfound_a land_n to_o be_v better_o pay_v for_o his_o pain_n then_o his_o predecessor_n have_v be_v whereupon_o he_o resolve_v on_o the_o adventure_n and_o instead_o of_o the_o mariner_n compass_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v never_o dream_v of_o make_v use_v of_o the_o follow_v expedient_a to_o direct_v he_o in_o his_o voyage_n he_o take_v with_o he_o out_o of_o schetland_n three_o crow_n and_o have_v sail_v northwards_o for_o some_o day_n he_o let_v one_o of_o they_o fly_v which_o he_o perceive_v return_v to_o schetland_n soon_o after_o he_o throw_v a_o second_o out_o of_o the_o ship_n which_o find_v no_o land_n to_o set_v her_o foot_n on_o return_v weary_a into_o the_o vessel_n within_o awhile_o after_o he_o send_v out_o the_o three_o crow_n which_o fly_v to_o this_o isle_n flocco_n follow_v this_o leader_n land_v safe_a in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o isle_n and_o there_o winter_v find_v this_o country_n all_o the_o while_o he_o stay_v there_o oppress_v with_o intolerable_a frost_n and_o snow_n he_o call_v the_o whole_a land_n iseland_n or_o iceland_n which_o name_n it_o retain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o next_o winter_n he_o spend_v in_o the_o southern_a part_n but_o meet_v there_o with_o as_o cold_a entertainment_n as_o he_o have_v find_v in_o the_o north_n he_o hoist_a up_o sail_n the_o spring_n follow_v and_o return_v to_o norway_n where_o he_o be_v ever_o after_o call_v rafnafloke_n or_o flocco_n the_o crow_n the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o iseland_n come_v into_o the_o isle_n in_o the_o yeat_a 874_o inhabitant_n first_o inhabitant_n bring_v hither_o by_o one_o ingulf_n a_o norwegian_a baron_n who_o with_o hiorlief_n his_o brother_n in-law_n flee_v or_o be_v banish_v his_o own_o country_n for_o murder_v another_o nobleman_n the_o islandic_n chronicle_n which_o make_v the_o say_a year_n its_o epoch_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o ingulf_n find_v the_o isle_n whole_o desolate_a and_o destitute_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o inhabitant_n nor_o be_v there_o in_o this_o work_n any_o mention_n of_o any_o former_a discovery_n whatsoever_o make_v either_o by_o the_o english_a or_o irish_a though_o some_o of_o our_o historian_n have_v assert_v that_o iseland_n be_v well_o know_v to_o both_o these_o nation_n long_o before_o ingulf_n bring_v in_o his_o norwegian_n the_o irish_a annal_n go_v further_o and_o assure_v we_o that_o the_o ancient_a iselander_n call_v the_o irish_a papas_n and_o the_o western_a part_n of_o their_o isle_n as_o most_o frequent_v by_o irish_a merchant_n papey_n arngrim_n ionas_n follow_v the_o chronicle_n of_o his_o country_n and_o be_v very_o passionate_a in_o assert_v that_o before_o ingulf_n no_o manner_n of_o inhabitant_n be_v hear_v of_o in_o this_o island_n and_o in_o his_o specimen_fw-la islandicum_fw-la he_o be_v extreme_o enrage_v at_o pontanus_n and_o the_o author_n he_o follow_v for_o offer_v to_o assert_v that_o iseland_n be_v the_o ultima_fw-la thule_n of_o the_o ancient_n for_o say_v he_o if_o our_o isle_n be_v that_o thule_n which_o virgil_n and_o other_o roman_a write_v mention_n it_o must_v needs_o have_v be_v inhabit_v in_o the_o day_n of_o augustus_n the_o emperor_n and_o than_o what_o credit_n i_o pray_v can_v be_v give_v to_o our_o iselandic_n chronicle_n which_o tell_v we_o in_o plain_a term_n that_o this_o isle_n be_v never_o inhabit_v before_o ingulf_n be_v day_n but_o if_o that_o learned_a author_n will_v give_v we_o leave_v to_o argue_v the_o case_n it_o be_v possible_a he_o may_v not_o find_v any_o reason_n at_o last_o to_o be_v in_o so_o great_a a_o rage_n for_o in_o the_o work_n quote_v he_o himself_o allow_v the_o story_n of_o the_o irish_a be_v first_o call_v papas_n by_o the_o ancient_a iselander_n if_o we_o inquire_v what_o those_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v that_o give_v the_o irish_a this_o name_n it_o will_v questionless_a be_v answer_v they_o be_v heathen_n this_o arngrim_n take_v for_o grant_v and_o think_v the_o answer_n satisfactory_a enough_o and_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o iseland_n be_v heathenish_a idolater_n from_o one_o passage_n in_o the_o iselandic_n chronicle_n where_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o in_o the_o west_n of_o iseland_n there_o be_v a_o large_a piece_n of_o ground_n encircle_v with_o a_o ditch_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o which_o stand_v a_o great_a stone_n make_v use_v of_o former_o for_o a_o altar_n whereon_o they_o use_v in_o the_o day_n of_o idolatry_n and_o paganism_n to_o sacrifice_v man_n to_o their_o god_n woden_n but_o then_o if_o we_o consult_v the_o ancient_a monument_n of_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o great_a part_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n convert_v to_o christianity_n before_o ingulf_n time_n so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v find_v upon_o examination_n high_o probable_a that_o there_o be_v inhabitant_n in_o iseland_n before_o ingulf_n bring_v over_o his_o norwegian_n and_o those_o perhaps_o know_v to_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a the_o isle_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n mountainous_a and_o rocky_a soiâ—_n soiâ—_n though_o some_o valley_n afford_v good_a store_n of_o corn_n and_o pasturage_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v so_o many_o and_o so_o vast_a mountain_n in_o this_o isle_n there_o be_v no_o manner_n of_o mine_n either_o of_o metal_n or_o mineral_n in_o the_o whole_a land_n except_o sulphur_n novissima_fw-la islandiae_fw-la tabula_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la janssonio-waesbergiorum_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-la stephani_fw-la swart_a dioecesis_fw-la trundhemiensis_fw-la pars_fw-la australis_fw-la exit_fw-la officina_fw-la janssonio-waesbergiona_a et_fw-fr moses_n pitt_n blefkenius_fw-la speak_v of_o a_o strange_a lake_n and_o arngrim_n say_v he_o have_v hear_v as_o much_o of_o a_o fountain_n near_o skalholt_n which_o immediate_o petrify_v whatever_n be_v throw_v into_o it_o insomuch_o that_o if_o you_o take_v a_o long_a pole_n and_o stick_v part_n of_o it_o into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o lake_n that_o part_n of_o the_o staff_n which_o stick_v in_o the_o earth_n will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n be_v turn_v into_o iron_n the_o middle_a into_o stone_n and_o the_o uppermost_a part_n which_o never_o come_v into_o the_o water_n remain_v wood_n he_o further_o add_v that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o staff_n which_o resemble_v iron_n will_v burn_v like_o a_o coal_n another_o lake_n he_o mention_n which_o like_o the_o grecian_a aornon_n speak_v of_o by_o virgil_n send_v out_o such_o pestiferous_a exhalation_n as_o poison_v the_o bird_n which_o fly_v that_o way_n several_a other_o strange_a story_n he_o tell_v which_o because_o reject_v by_o anrgrim_n we_o omit_v in_o most_o place_n of_o the_o isle_n you_o may_v meet_v with_o hot_a bath_n and_o scald_a fountain_n the_o water_n of_o which_o if_o set_v to_o cool_v throw_v off_o a_o sulphureous_a scum_n of_o all_o the_o affront_v which_o blefkenius_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o his_o scurrilous_a description_n of_o iseland_n have_v put_v upon_o that_o country_n none_o be_v highly_o resent_v by_o arngrim_n then_o the_o sleight_n and_o false_a account_n he_o give_v of_o the_o law_n manner_n and_o religion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o isle_n whoredom_n theft_n idolatry_n witchcraft_n sorcery_n etc._n etc._n be_v vice_n he_o accuse_v the_o whole_a nation_n of_o we_o may_v rational_o imagine_v
brunswic_n belong_v magdeburg_n gosslar_n einbeck_n gottingen_n hildesheim_n hannover_n vlsen_n buxtehude_n staden_n bremen_n hammel_n and_o minden_n in_o the_o circle_n of_o dantzig_n be_v reckon_v konigsberg_n colmar_n tear_v elbingen_n brunsberg_n riga_n derpt_v revel_v etc._n etc._n in_o each_o of_o the_o four_o chief_a city_n be_v hold_v a_o high_a court_n of_o judicature_n where_o all_o case_n be_v plead_v that_o concern_v any_o of_o the_o particular_a member_n of_o that_o circle_n lubeck_n be_v reckon_v the_o head_n and_o metropolis_n of_o all_o the_o hans-town_n metropolis_n metropolis_n as_o lie_v the_o most_o convenient_a for_o trade_n and_o be_v best_o fortify_v and_o most_o populous_a among_o they_o hence_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n mention_v make_v use_n of_o the_o seal_n of_o lubeck_n in_o all_o their_o public_a letter_n and_o that_o city_n keep_v a_o advocate_n in_o the_o imperial_a chamber_n at_o spire_n to_o plead_v all_o manner_n of_o cause_n in_o which_o any_o of_o the_o hans-town_n in_o matter_n of_o trade_n be_v concern_v this_o city_n have_v also_o the_o sole_a power_n of_o call_v by_o her_o letter_n patent_n a_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o whole_a society_n in_o case_n of_o any_o extraordinary_a exigence_n that_o concern_v their_o whole_a body_n in_o general_n these_o kind_n of_o assembly_n be_v common_o hold_v at_o lubeck_n but_o if_o the_o radtsherrn_a of_o that_o city_n think_v fit_a they_o may_v and_o sometime_o do_v appoint_v such_o another_o place_n of_o meeting_n as_o lay_v more_o convenient_o for_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o member_n concern_v this_o society_n in_o short_a time_n become_v so_o considerable_a as_o to_o obtain_v large_a privilege_n in_o most_o place_n of_o trade_n in_o europe_n grandeur_n privilege_n and_o grandeur_n nay_o they_o be_v sometime_o grow_v so_o formidable_a as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o most_o potent_a monarch_n in_o christendom_n and_o to_o come_v off_o honourable_o the_o chief_a mart-town_n they_o resort_v to_o in_o foreign_a nation_n in_o each_o of_o which_o they_o have_v extraordinary_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n grant_v to_o they_o and_o keep_v their_o storehouse_n and_o exchange_n be_v these_o four_o london_z here_o in_o england_n where_o their_o storehouse_n be_v call_v stael-hof_a because_o the_o great_a commodity_n they_o trade_v in_o with_o the_o english_a be_v steel_n novogrod_n and_o afterward_o narva_n in_o russia_n bergen_n in_o norway_n and_o bruges_n in_o flanders_n whence_o after_o some_o time_n they_o remove_v to_o antwerp_n in_o brabant_n but_o after_o the_o year_n 1500_o dissolution_n dissolution_n their_o trade_n begin_v to_o fail_v daily_o and_o the_o society_n to_o dwindle_v into_o nothing_o insomuch_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1570_o there_o be_v scarce_o a_o city_n to_o be_v find_v that_o will_v offer_v to_o challenge_v the_o ancient_a privilege_n former_o allow_v to_o hans-town_n afterward_o there_o be_v some_o who_o appear_v very_o zealous_a in_o endeavour_v to_o renew_v the_o decay_a confederacy_n but_o all_o their_o endeavour_n prove_v successless_a and_o vain_a for_o many_o of_o the_o lesser_a city_n find_v themselves_o impoverish_v rather_o then_o enrich_v by_o continue_v the_o league_n since_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o contribute_v to_o all_o public_a charge_n of_o the_o society_n though_o they_o gain_v little_a or_o nothing_o by_o the_o bargain_n beside_o within_o a_o while_n the_o great_a current_n of_o trade_n be_v turn_v from_o germany_n into_o england_n and_o holland_n and_o the_o hans-town_n render_v thereby_o unable_a to_o maintain_v so_o great_a a_o fleet_n as_o former_o so_o that_o by_o degree_n the_o society_n fall_v in_o piece_n and_o there_o nothing_o remain_v of_o it_o at_o present_a but_o the_o bare_a name_n in_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o german_n and_o their_o neighbour_n the_o territory_n name_n manner_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n although_o at_o this_o day_n the_o upper_a and_o low_a saxony_n take_v up_o but_o a_o very_a small_a share_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n yet_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o writing_n of_o the_o best_a antiquary_n that_o former_o the_o better_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v know_v by_o the_o general_a name_n of_o saxon_n gens_n saxonum_n say_v ethelwerd_v a_o ancient_a english-saxon_a historian_n who_o flourish_v about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 950_o in_o toto_fw-la erat_fw-la maritima_fw-la a_o rheno_fw-la flumine_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la doniam_fw-la urbem_fw-la quae_fw-la nunc_fw-la vulgo_fw-la dan-marc_a nuncupatur_fw-la since_o mr._n cambden_n can_v not_o find_v out_o what_o city_n this_o author_n and_o the_o man_n of_o his_o time_n call_v donia_n or_o dan-marck_n i_o shall_v not_o pretend_v to_o inquire_v but_o we_o may_v from_o hence_o safe_o conclude_v that_o all_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o jutland_n sleswic_n holstein_n the_o bishopric_n of_o bremen_n county_n of_o oldenburg_n both_o frisland_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o holland_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o common_a name_n of_o saxon_n this_o assertion_n be_v confirm_v by_o a_o notable_a passage_n in_o the_o old_a belgic_a chronicle_n write_v in_o rythm_n near_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o wherein_o the_o author_n tell_v we_o oude_fw-mi bocken_fw-mi hoor_fw-mi ick_fw-mi gewagen_fw-mi that_o aled_a land_n beneden_fw-mi nyemagen_n willen_n neither_fw-mi sassen_n hiet_fw-la alsoo_o all_o be_v thy_o stroom_n vershiet_a van_fw-mi der_fw-mi maze_n end_n van_fw-mi den_fw-mi rhine_n die_v schelt_n be_v that_o west_n end_n syn._n i_o hear_v say_v he_o that_o old_a book_n report_v that_o all_o the_o country_n below_o nimmeguen_n be_v former_o call_v nether_a saxony_n which_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o skelt_z a_o river_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o flanders_n that_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o maes_n and_o rhyne_n the_o german_a antiquary_n give_v westphalia_n the_o name_n of_o old_a saxony_n and_o out_o of_o this_o country_n it_o be_v probable_a some_o of_o our_o english-saxons_a come_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o mr._n sheringham_n in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n de_fw-fr anglorum_fw-la gentis_fw-la origine_fw-la make_v alsace_n a_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a territory_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o name_n which_o to_o this_o day_n it_o retain_v be_v borrow_a from_o its_o saxon_a inhabitant_n for_o these_o man_n call_v their_o own_o country_n sassen_n as_o well_o as_o themselves_o die_v sassen_a and_o thence_o name_v this_o part_n of_o their_o dominion_n which_o be_v the_o pleasant_a and_o rich_a piece_n they_o be_v master_n of_o edel-sassen_a or_o noble_a saxony_n which_o name_n be_v easy_o turn_v by_o change_v the_o high_a dutch_a termination_n into_o a_o latin_a one_o into_o edelsassia_n and_o at_o last_o contract_v into_o elsatia_n or_o alsatia_n it_o be_v a_o difficult_a task_n to_o pick_v up_o a_o true_a and_o rational_a account_n of_o the_o name_n of_o saxon_a out_o of_o the_o frivolous_a conjecture_n of_o ignorant_a monk_n name_n name_n or_o the_o equal_a impertinency_n of_o illiterate_a etymologist_n isidore_n hispalensis_n will_v needs_o have_v the_o saxon_n to_o fetch_v their_o name_n from_o the_o latin_a word_n saxum_fw-la and_o he_o give_v this_o reason_n for_o his_o fancy_n quod_fw-la sit_fw-la durum_fw-la &_o validissimum_fw-la genus_fw-la hominum_fw-la &_o praestans_fw-la caeteris_fw-la piraticis_fw-la i._n e._n because_o they_o be_v always_o a_o strong_a and_o hardy_a people_n and_o archer_n pirate_n than_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n but_o why_o shall_v the_o saxon_n be_v behold_v to_o the_o roman_n for_o their_o name_n since_o they_o inhabit_v the_o same_o country_n whereof_o their_o own_o offspring_n be_v still_o master_n long_o before_o rome_n be_v build_v beside_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o the_o roman_n give_v any_o new_a name_n to_o the_o nation_n they_o conquer_v any_o otherwise_o then_o by_o give_v they_o a_o latin_a instead_o of_o their_o barbarous_a termination_n crantzius_n tell_v we_o of_o some_o and_z himself_z seem_v not_o altogether_o to_o dislike_v their_o opinion_n who_o derive_v the_o word_n saxon_n from_o askenas_n the_o great_a leader_n of_o the_o asian_o who_o first_o people_v germany_n but_o why_o these_o people_n shall_v any_o more_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o that_o grand_a general_n of_o the_o asian_a army_n than_o the_o goth_n frank_n or_o any_o other_o branch_n of_o the_o ancient_a dutch_a nation_n he_o can_v inform_v we_o goropius_fw-la who_o be_v follow_v by_o cisner_n cambden_n and_o several_a other_o learned_a man_n bring_v the_o saxon_n from_o sacae_n a_o scythian_a people_n from_o who_o they_o be_v first_o call_v sacason_n or_o the_o son_n of_o the_o sacae_n and_o by_o contraction_n saxon_n these_o scythian_n he_o tell_v we_o and_o allege_v the_o authority_n of_o strabo_n to_o confirm_v his_o story_n leave_v their_o ancient_a seat_n conquer_v bactriana_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o armenia_n thence_o they_o pass_v into_o capadocia_n and_o
moravia_n have_v write_v a_o particular_a treatise_n entitle_v historia_fw-la lapidum_fw-la &_o gemmarum_fw-la bohemiae_n to_o which_o we_o refer_v the_o reader_n for_o a_o further_a account_n of_o these_o rarity_n jasper_n and_o saphire_n they_o tell_v we_o be_v find_v near_o the_o source_n of_o the_o elb_n in_o the_o mountain_n before_o mention_v call_v by_o the_o bohemian_o krakonosse_n goldastus_n think_v the_o hermiones_n be_v the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n inhabitant_n ancient_a inhabitant_n a_o branch_n whereof_o he_o make_v the_o hermunduri_n who_o at_o first_o dwell_v among_o the_o riphaean_a mountain_n but_o afterward_o descend_v low_a these_o people_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o land_n by_o the_o boii_n who_o make_v a_o inroad_n into_o this_o country_n under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o general_n sigovesus_n nephew_n to_o ambigatus_n a_o ancient_a king_n of_o the_o celts_n micraelius_n a_o learned_a pomeranish_n historiographer_n believe_v these_o man_n be_v not_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o galli_n senones_n as_o most_o modern_a antiquary_n imagine_v but_o rather_o of_o the_o semnones_n the_o old_a inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n this_o people_n whensoever_o they_o come_v have_v about_o the_o year_n 600_o settle_v themselves_o in_o these_o part_n extirpate_v the_o nation_n of_o the_o hermiones_n so_o far_o as_o to_o call_v the_o land_n after_o their_o own_o name_n boien_n heimat_n or_o the_o dwelling-place_n of_o the_o boii_n which_o be_v in_o time_n corrupt_v into_o the_o modern_a german_a name_n boheim_n or_o boheimb_n about_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n the_o marcomanni_n or_o ancient_a moravian_o rush_v in_o upon_o the_o boii_n and_o so_o far_o overpower_a they_o as_o to_o make_v they_o quit_v their_o quarter_n and_o seek_v out_o a_o new_a habitation_n which_o they_o name_v boioaria_n and_o be_v now_o call_v bavaria_n however_o they_o be_v not_o so_o total_o rout_v but_o that_o a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o keep_v their_o old_a station_n and_o mix_v themselves_o with_o their_o conqueror_n as_o no_o question_n vast_a number_n of_o the_o hermiones_n and_o hermunduri_n have_v do_v with_o they_o before_o the_o modern_a bohemian_o call_v their_o country_n czechowe_v and_o themselves_o czechowsky_n and_o these_o word_n the_o hungarian_n and_o new_a greek_n make_v use_v of_o be_v utter_a stranger_n to_o the_o german_a name_n of_o boheimb_n and_o bohmische_n those_o among_o they_o that_o do_v allow_v of_o this_o latter_a name_n derive_v it_o from_o boy_n signify_v in_o their_o language_n war_n or_o buch_n that_o be_v god_n and_o muz_o i._n e._n man._n intimate_v that_o they_o be_v a_o valiant_a and_o pious_a people_n see_v the_o like_a fancy_n in_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n teutcsch_fw-mi and_o german_a p._n 5_o and_o 6._o answerable_a to_o this_o etymology_n of_o their_o name_n be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o present_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o kingdom_n manner_n manner_n if_o we_o may_v give_v credit_n to_o their_o own_o historian_n and_o some_o late_a traveller_n who_o have_v for_o some_o time_n converse_v with_o they_o and_o have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o observe_v their_o humour_n they_o be_v represent_v to_o be_v man_n of_o great_a hospitality_n and_o courage_n faithful_a observer_n of_o their_o promise_n and_o contract_n they_o be_v exceed_o give_v to_o ape_n the_o manner_n and_o fashion_n of_o foreigner_n according_a to_o the_o true_a character_n long_o since_o give_v of_o they_o eosdem_fw-la habet_fw-la cum_fw-la simia_fw-la mores_n ferox_fw-la bohemia_n quae_fw-la facta_fw-la viderit_fw-la facit_fw-la cultusque_fw-la priscos_fw-la abjicit_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o ingenuous_a fancy_n of_o the_o painter_n who_o have_v draw_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o most_o country_n in_o europe_n in_o their_o proper_a habit_n picture_v a_o bohemian_a naked_a with_o a_o web_n of_o cloth_n at_o his_o foot_n and_o all_o other_o requisite_n for_o the_o make_n up_o of_o a_o suit_n intimate_v that_o he_o can_v not_o tell_v what_o certain_a fashion_n to_o make_v his_o clothes_n on_o but_o leave_v it_o to_o himself_o to_o make_v they_o after_o the_o next_o new_a mode_n he_o shall_v fancy_v that_o small_a handful_n of_o man_n that_o zechus_n the_o slavonian_a commander_n bring_v into_o bohemia_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d some_o time_n for_o author_n can_v agree_v upon_o the_o year_n nor_o age_n in_o the_o four_o five_o or_o six_o century_n from_o who_o the_o modern_a bohemian_o love_v to_o derive_v their_o pedigree_n be_v a_o company_n of_o poor_a and_o honest_a people_n folk_n that_o have_v nothing_o themselves_o and_o want_v the_o knavery_n to_o rob_v those_o that_o have_v now_o as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v in_o this_o state_n of_o innocence_n they_o have_v no_o need_n of_o magistrate_n nor_o law_n but_o live_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o a_o sociable_a community_n and_o have_v their_o little_a all_o equal_o distribute_v among_o they_o in_o this_o condition_n they_o remain_v for_o some_o year_n after_o zechus_n death_n till_o the_o moravian_o and_o pannonian_n disturb_v their_o quiet_n and_o teach_v they_o the_o first_o rudiment_n of_o villainy_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v once_o initiate_v in_o wickedness_n they_o be_v force_v to_o take_v new_a measure_n and_o to_o think_v of_o constitute_v some_o chief_a magistrate_n to_o punish_v offender_n whereupon_o they_o pitch_v upon_o one_o crocus_n a_o old_a gentleman_n of_o a_o something_o long_a head_n as_o it_o be_v fancy_v than_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o neighbour_n to_o be_v their_o governor_n they_o have_v not_o yet_o any_o write_a law_n among_o they_o but_o their_o judge_n for_o so_o crocus_n and_o some_o of_o his_o successor_n be_v style_v by_o the_o bohemian_a writer_n be_v to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n by_o the_o know_a custom_n of_o the_o land_n in_o extraordinary_a case_n which_o will_v not_o easy_o be_v decide_v by_o this_o sort_n of_o common_a law_n there_o sit_v on_o the_o bench_n with_o the_o judge_n for_o fear_n of_o arbitrary_a and_o illegal_a proceed_n if_o one_o man_n shall_v be_v invest_v with_o the_o sole_a power_n of_o pronounce_v sentence_n a_o certain_a number_n of_o senator_n or_o alderman_n who_o have_v definitive_a vote_n as_o well_o as_o himself_o with_o this_o kind_n of_o praetorian_a authority_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d justice_n be_v administer_v by_o crocus_n his_o son_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o his_o granddaughter_n libussa_n until_o primislaus_n who_o libussa_n have_v marry_v take_v upon_o he_o a_o more_o absolute_a command_n and_o get_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a this_o man_n be_v as_o florus_n say_v of_o lucins_n quinctius_n dictator_n ab_fw-la arato_fw-la a_o poor_a country-farmer_n who_o libussa_n advance_v out_o of_o the_o dirt_n to_o her_o own_o bed_n and_o therefore_o like_o the_o forementioned_a roman_a general_n know_v better_a how_o to_o keep_v the_o headstrong_a bohemian_o like_v so_o many_o ox_n under_o the_o yoke_n thus_o be_v the_o land_n govern_v by_o the_o child_n and_o successor_n of_o primislaus_n and_o libussa_n about_o four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n until_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iv_o have_v call_v a_o general_n diet_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n at_o mentz_n create_v wratislaus_n duke_n of_o bohemia_n king_n of_o the_o same_o nation_n by_o settle_v with_o the_o pope_n permission_n a_o crown_n of_o gold_n upon_o his_o head_n this_o be_v do_v in_o the_o year_n 1082_o though_o some_o will_v have_v it_o 1072._o from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n always_o lie_v claim_n to_o the_o right_n of_o invest_v the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n as_o their_o vassal_n and_o make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o persuade_v the_o poor_a people_n of_o that_o kingdom_n to_o rebel_v against_o any_o monarch_n though_o never_o so_o due_o elect_v into_o the_o throne_n who_o have_v not_o receive_v the_o regalia_z as_o they_o call_v they_o or_o badge_n of_o majesty_n at_o the_o emperor_n hand_n so_o that_o frideric_n v._o grandfather_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o father_n to_o our_o prince_n rupert_n be_v never_o like_v quiet_o to_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n however_o just_o his_o pretension_n to_o it_o may_v be_v so_o long_o as_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n his_o competitor_n refuse_v to_o confirm_v he_o most_o of_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v so_o contradictory_n one_o to_o another_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o difficult_a task_n to_o pick_v out_o of_o they_o a_o true_a register_n of_o the_o name_n of_o these_o prince_n the_o best_a account_n i_o know_v of_o which_o have_v be_v give_v of_o they_o be_v the_o ingenious_a paul_n stransky_n in_o his_o respublica_fw-la bojema_fw-la print_v at_o leyden_n 1643._o the_o present_a king_n be_v leopold_n i._o emperor_n of_o germany_n who_o character_n must_v be_v reserve_v for_o another_o place_n the_o
place_n spring_v out_o of_o hill_n of_o alum_n brimstone_n and_o niter_n but_o their_o water_n be_v not_o so_o hot_a here_o as_o at_o baden_n drink_a inward_o they_o have_v be_v know_v to_o cure_v asthmae_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o stoppage_n and_o shortness_n of_o breath_n as_o also_o old_a and_o inveterate_a ague_n and_o fever_n by_o wash_v and_o bathe_v they_o cure_v the_o itch_n scab_n and_o leprosy_n and_o be_v a_o excellent_a remedy_n against_o old_a sore_n and_o bruise_n rotel_n sponheim_n susenburg_n and_o mahlberg_n badenweiler_n badenweiler_n be_v place_n which_o have_v be_v former_o of_o some_o note_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o castle_n or_o palace_n of_o some_o ancient_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o have_v borrow_a their_o title_n from_o the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o their_o family_n and_o hence_o the_o name_n of_o these_o old_a town_n be_v still_o register_v in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o baden_n but_o otherwise_o they_o have_v nothing_o worthy_a of_o a_o description_n the_o landgraviate_n of_o alsace_n alsatia_n or_o elsass_n have_v its_o name_n in_o all_o probability_n from_o the_o river_n ell_n or_o ill_n which_o run_v through_o it_o whence_o elsassen_n as_o the_o german_n call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o die_v a_o der_fw-mi elle_fw-fr sassen_n other_o wohnen_n i.e._n the_o people_n that_o dwell_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o elle_fw-fr some_o i_o know_v will_v have_v the_o ancient_a name_n of_o the_o country_n to_o be_v edel-sassen_a intimate_v a_o delicate_a and_o noble_a seat_n our_o countryman_n mr._n sheringham_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v make_v this_o a_o part_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n and_o by_o they_o call_v edel-sassen_a or_o noble_a as_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o rich_a and_o pleasant_a ground_n they_o be_v master_n of_o the_o country_n be_v certain_o as_o these_o late_a etymologist_n will_v make_v it_o as_o rich_a and_o noble_a a_o province_n as_o any_o in_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o as_o plentiful_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n especial_o corn_n and_o wine_n the_o hill_n be_v common_o cover_v with_o chesnut-grove_n and_o leberthal_n with_o some_o other_o valley_n afford_v good_a store_n of_o copper_n lead_v and_o other_o metal_n in_o some_o place_n you_o meet_v with_o rich_a meadow_n and_o fat_a pasture-ground_n which_o furnish_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o good_a butter_n and_o a_o sort_n of_o cheese_n equal_a if_o not_o preferable_a to_o the_o best_a in_o holland_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o schwaben_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o wirtenberg_n on_o the_o south_n with_o switzerland_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o lorraine_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o county_n palatinate_n of_o the_o rhine_n the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v reckon_v at_o about_o twenty_o german_a mile_n though_o the_o breadth_n scarce_o any_o where_n exceed_v four_o this_o whole_a land_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o franc_n and_o by_o their_o king_n hilderic_n bestow_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o dukedom_n on_o his_o favourite_n etico_n in_o the_o year_n 684._o etico_n be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n adelprecht_n who_o leave_v his_o two_o son_n linfrid_n and_o eberhard_n coheir_n of_o the_o dukedom_n after_o this_o the_o duke_n of_o this_o country_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o their_o dominion_n by_o charles_n martel_n hofmeister_n or_o lord_z chamberlain_z of_o the_o household_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n but_o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n i._o the_o count_n of_o kiburg_n the_o emperor_n kinsman_n get_v possession_n of_o alsatia_n and_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o be_v make_v the_o first_o landgrave_v of_o this_o country_n other_o say_v that_o it_o be_v first_o divide_v into_o two_o landgraviate_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o in_o who_o time_n the_o upper_a alsace_n come_v first_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o count_n of_o haspurge_n who_o from_o thenceforward_o be_v lord_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n the_o low_a alsace_n be_v afterward_o by_o the_o earl_n of_o ottingen_n who_o get_v the_o possession_n of_o it_o after_o the_o decease_n of_o henry_n its_o landgrave_n without_o issue_n sell_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o strasburg_n who_o be_v like_a to_o continue_v master_n of_o it_o so_o long_o as_o the_o french_a king_n will_v give_v he_o leave_v alsatia_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a alsace_n beside_o the_o lesser_a territory_n of_o ortenaw_n brisgow_n hagenaw_n sungaw_n etc._n etc._n but_o most_o of_o these_o petty_a province_n may_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o upper_a alsace_n and_o come_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o upper_a landgraviate_v and_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o low_a the_o chief_a city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o low_a alsace_n next_o to_o strasburg_n of_o which_o anon_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o low_a alsace_n be_v zabern_n zabern_n zabern_n or_o elsasszabern_n as_o it_o be_v sometime_o call_v to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o other_o two_o city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n one_o in_o the_o palatinate_n and_o the_o other_o in_o bergen_n it_o be_v thought_n to_o be_v the_o tabernae_n mention_v by_o antonine_n and_o marcellinus_n one_o of_o the_o old_a roman_a garrison_n demolish_v by_o the_o ancient_a german_n but_o rebuilt_a by_o julian_n the_o apostate_n the_o city_n be_v defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a rock_n up_o to_o which_o you_o be_v lead_v by_o a_o narrow_a and_o rugged_a way_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o hard_a craggy_a mountain_n by_o william_n iii_o bishop_n of_o strasburg_n this_o prelate_n and_o his_o successor_n have_v usual_o keep_v their_o residence_n at_o zabern_n where_o they_o have_v also_o erect_v a_o court_n of_o judicature_n for_o the_o decision_n of_o all_o controversy_n arise_v within_o the_o precinct_n of_o their_o diocese_n but_o it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o french_a king_n who_o pretend_v to_o be_v master_n of_o the_o place_n will_v employ_v the_o castle_n otherwise_o hereafter_o 2._o weissenburg_n weissenburg_n weissenburg_n be_v a_o imperial_a city_n but_o reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o low_a alsace_n as_o be_v incorporate_v into_o the_o province_n of_o hagenaw_n beatus_fw-la rhenanus_fw-la say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a sebusii_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v call_v by_o latin_a author_n sebusium_n dagobert_n king_n of_o france_n present_v this_o city_n with_o a_o crown_n of_o silver_n gild_v with_o gold_n and_o adorn_v with_o a_o great_a many_o turret_n and_o other_o flourish_n of_o art_n who_o diameter_n be_v four_o and_o twenty_o foot_n in_o remembrance_n of_o which_o noble_a present_a the_o citizen_n have_v a_o crown_n of_o copper_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n hang_v up_o in_o their_o great_a church_n which_o continue_v there_o till_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n it_o be_v break_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o soldiery_n who_o sieze_v on_o it_o for_o good_a plunder_v the_o same_o king_n grant_v the_o citizen_n of_o weissenburg_n privilege_n to_o hunt_v and_o fish_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o certain_a circle_n which_o in_o some_o place_n reach_v two_o german_a mile_n from_o the_o town_n in_o other_o no_o more_o than_o one_o this_o circle_n be_v in_o their_o charter_n style_v emunitas_fw-la which_o the_o modern_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o place_n have_v corrupt_v into_o mundat_fw-la the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o make_v the_o abbot_n of_o this_o place_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o monastery_n at_o fulda_n kempten_a and_o murbach_n a_o prelate_n of_o the_o empire_n bestow_v on_o he_o the_o title_n of_o a_o prince_n and_o allow_v he_o to_o sit_v at_o his_o foot_n in_o all_o diet_n and_o other_o public_a assembly_n of_o the_o state_n general_n of_o the_o empire_n 3._o brisach_n brisach_n the_o imperial_a city_n hagenaw_n be_v seat_v between_o the_o two_o rivers_n motter_n and_o sorna_n about_o four_o german_a mile_n from_o strasburg_n it_o be_v encompass_v round_o with_o a_o sandy_a soil_n and_o thick_a wood_n but_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o town_n there_o be_v large_a and_o pleasant_a cornfield_n with_o good_a store_n of_o vineyard_n it_o have_v ancient_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o four_o chief_a village_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o indeed_o it_o may_v now_o as_o proper_o as_o ever_o be_v term_v a_o village_n since_o it_o be_v burn_v to_o the_o ground_n by_o the_o french_a force_n a._n d._n 1677_o but_o have_v in_o it_o even_o in_o those_o day_n the_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n for_o both_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a alsace_n afterward_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n i._o wall_v it_o round_o beautify_v it_o with_o a_o fair_a palace_n wherein_o himself_o for_o some_o time_n keep_v his_o residence_n and_o make_v it_o
esq_n benjamin_n woodroff_n d._n d._n canon_n of_o ch._n ch._n oxon_n sr._n peter_n wyche_n lady_n wymondesold_n of_o putney_n tho._n wyndham_n esq_n groom_n of_o the_o bedchamber_n john_n wyvell_n minister_n by_o rochester_n richard_n ld._n arch_n bp._n of_o york_n robert_n earl_n of_o yarmouth_n robert_n yard_n esq_n john_n yardley_n m._n d._n col._n med._n lond._n s._n hon._n tho._n yate_n d._n d._n principal_a of_o brazen-nose_n coll._n oxon_n james_n young_a esq_n robert_n young_a canon_n of_o windsor_n orbis_fw-la terrarum_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accuratissima_fw-la tabula_fw-la auctore_fw-la joanne_n à _fw-fr loon_n honi_fw-fr soit_fw-fr qui_fw-fr mal_fw-fr y_fw-fr pense_fw-fr serenissimo_fw-la potentissimoque_fw-la domino_fw-la domino_fw-la carolo_n secundo_fw-la magnae_fw-la britanniae_fw-la francia_fw-la et_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la reg_n defensor_fw-la fidei_fw-la hanc_fw-la tabulam_fw-la totius_fw-la orbis_n d._n d._n d._n 〈…〉_o nova_fw-la totius_fw-la terrarum_fw-la orbis_fw-la geographica_n ac_fw-la hydrographica_n tabula_fw-la to_o the_o right_n reverend_a father_n in_o god_n john_n by_o divine_a permission_n ld._n bishop_n of_o oxon_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v johannes_n jansonius_n à _fw-fr waesberge_n and_o moses_n pitt_n and_o steven_n swart_a septem_fw-la planeta_n luna_fw-la ♋_o ☽_o mercurius_n ♊_o ☿_o venus_n ♎_o ♉_o sol_fw-la ♌_o ☉_o mars_n ♈_o ♂_o jupiter_n â™_o ♃_o saturnus_n ♑_o ♄_o quatuor_fw-la elementae_fw-la ignis_fw-la aer_fw-la aqua_fw-la terra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la anni_fw-la tempestates_fw-la ver_fw-la ♈_o ♉_o ♊_o aestas_fw-la ♋_o ♌_o â™_o autumnus_fw-la ♎_o â™_o â™_o hiems_n ♑_o â™’_o ♓_o septem_fw-la mirabilia_fw-la mundi_fw-la murus_n babyloniae_fw-la colossus_n pyramid_n mausoleum_n dianae_n templum_n jupiter_n olympicus_n pharos_n america_n septentrionalism_n terra_fw-la australis_fw-la incognita_fw-la the_o introduction_n cosmography_n be_v a_o general_a description_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n work_n the_o intention_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n consist_v of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n of_o both_o which_o a_o account_n be_v intend_v to_o be_v give_v in_o this_o atlas_n that_o of_o the_o heaven_n be_v reserve_v to_o a_o peculiar_a volume_n it_o being_n as_o we_o conceive_v of_o great_a necessity_n that_o we_o begin_v with_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o first_o of_o this_o great_a globe_n in_o general_a the_o description_n whereof_o belong_v to_o geography_n as_o that_o of_o particular_a region_n and_o country_n be_v call_v chorography_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o their_o peculiar_a map_n nor_o shall_v we_o omit_v such_o topographical_n description_n or_o the_o knowledge_n of_o lesser_a place_n as_o city_n river_n mountain_n etc._n etc._n where_o advantage_n may_v be_v to_o the_o reader_n now_o this_o globe_n which_o we_o call_v of_o the_o earth_n consist_v of_o land_n and_o water_n or_o sea_n the_o description_n of_o those_o be_v proper_o name_v hydrography_n which_o set_v forth_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o mouth_n of_o great_a river_n the_o havens_n rock_n shallow_n creek_n and_o such_o other_o consideration_n as_o concern_v navigation_n to_o this_o also_o a_o entire_a volume_n in_o this_o edition_n of_o a_o atlas_n be_v design_v and_o because_o that_o of_o ancient_a time_n the_o division_n and_o boundary_n of_o kingdom_n and_o country_n be_v very_o much_o divers_a from_o those_o at_o present_a to_o avoid_v confusion_n which_o must_v needs_o happen_v by_o treat_v in_o the_o same_o place_n of_o thing_n so_o different_a it_o be_v think_v necessary_a to_o reserve_v the_o ancient_a geography_n to_o a_o particular_a tome_n to_o be_v put_v forth_o with_o the_o rest_n in_o its_o due_a time_n thus_o you_o have_v a_o account_n of_o what_o be_v intend_v in_o the_o edition_n of_o this_o great_a work_n but_o it_o be_v first_o necessary_a to_o explain_v such_o term_n and_o lay_v such_o general_a ground_n as_o be_v of_o use_n through_o all_o the_o volume_n which_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o this_o preface_n or_o introduction_n first_o than_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v earth_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n make_v but_o one_o body_n the_o figure_n whereof_o be_v round_o and_o therefore_o be_v best_a and_o most_o natural_o represent_v by_o those_o we_o call_v globe_n though_o map_n also_o or_o plain_a figure_n if_o careful_o draw_v be_v sufficient_o exact_a this_o proposition_n though_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v rational_o enough_o as_o now_o grant_v by_o all_o learned_a man_n yet_o may_v it_o be_v evident_o prove_v both_o from_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a appearance_n whereof_o a_o account_n and_o reason_n may_v easy_o be_v give_v by_o this_o figure_n and_o not_o by_o any_o other_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o star_n rise_v soon_o to_o they_o who_o live_v eastward_o than_o they_o do_v to_o we_o which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o the_o whole_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a 2._o to_o those_o who_o live_v more_o or_o less_o northward_o the_o pole_n be_v more_o or_o less_o elevate_v for_o those_o inhabitant_n of_o iseland_n lapland_n etc._n etc._n who_o live_v about_o a_o thousand_o mile_n more_o northward_o than_o we_o do_v see_v the_o polestar_n fifteen_o degree_n high_o than_o we_o can_v and_o those_o who_o travel_n hence_o towards_o those_o country_n do_v find_v that_o this_o variation_n be_v make_v gradual_o alter_v about_o a_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o hundred_o mile_n which_o can_v not_o be_v except_o the_o body_n on_o which_o they_o move_v be_v spherical_a 3._o the_o shadow_n which_o the_o earth_n cast_v upon_o the_o moon_n when_o she_o be_v partial_o eclipse_v be_v see_v to_o be_v circular_a and_o therefore_o the_o body_n which_o cause_v it_o must_v be_v so_o too_o to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v that_o many_o proposition_n in_o astronomy_n geography_n and_o navigation_n be_v found_v on_o this_o supposition_n and_o when_o they_o be_v apply_v to_o use_v they_o prove_v true_a and_o succeed_v according_a to_o expectation_n which_o certain_o they_o will_v not_o always_o do_v if_o the_o very_a foundation_n upon_o which_o they_o be_v build_v be_v unsound_a the_o same_o also_o be_v prove_v by_o plain_a sense_n and_o experiment_n as_o well_o as_o by_o reason_n and_o consequence_n for_o we_o perceive_v that_o ship_n which_o lose_v from_o their_o harbour_n in_o calm_a weather_n disappear_v gradual_o first_o their_o hulk_n than_o their_o sail_n and_o after_o a_o few_o mile_n their_o high_a mast_n the_o natural_a convexity_n of_o the_o water_n interpose_v betwixt_o they_o and_o our_o sight_n several_a also_o of_o our_o countryman_n and_o neighbour_n have_v sail_v round_o about_o this_o globe_n lose_v hence_o westward_o and_o return_v again_o fromwards_o the_o east_n from_o which_o and_o other_o navigation_n we_o may_v conclude_v not_o only_o that_o natural_o no_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v high_a than_o another_o but_o also_o that_o we_o may_v sail_v from_o any_o part_n to_o any_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o that_o every_o continent_n have_v sea_n about_o it_o and_o be_v indeed_o but_o a_o great_a island_n the_o controversy_n about_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o globe_n whether_o it_o stand_v still_o in_o the_o midst_n earth_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o as_o it_o be_v centre_n of_o the_o world_n as_o the_o ancient_n general_o opine_v or_o whether_o it_o move_v upon_o its_o own_o axis_fw-la and_o about_o the_o sun_n as_o the_o centre_n beside_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o our_o purpose_n in_o this_o as_o in_o the_o volume_n of_o the_o heaven_n the_o map_n and_o description_n be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o way_n and_o that_o the_o learned_a be_v not_o come_v to_o any_o issue_n in_o it_o nor_o have_v we_o any_o thing_n to_o add_v to_o the_o common_a and_o vulgar_a probable_a argument_n only_o we_o shall_v omit_v the_o part_n of_o this_o globe_n be_v natural_o separate_v one_o from_o another_o by_o sea_n ledge_n of_o mountain_n river_n desert_n and_o the_o like_a which_o be_v very_o opportune_a for_o the_o distinction_n of_o nation_n kingdom_n and_o government_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o creation_n globe_n of_o the_o water_n in_o this_o globe_n the_o water_n be_v light_a than_o the_o earth_n according_o overspread_v and_o compass_v it_o to_o some_o considerable_a height_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o earth_n or_o water_n create_v be_v a_o undeterminable_a curiosity_n on_o the_o three_o day_n the_o almighty_a creator_n separate_v they_o by_o cause_v the_o water_n to_o sink_v into_o the_o deep_a and_o open_a cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o by_o the_o height_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o shore_n they_o be_v restrain_v as_o in_o a_o vessel_n from_o return_v to_o overflow_v and_o drown_v the_o dry_a land_n but_o if_o the_o shore_n be_v weak_a as_o many_o time_n it_o happen_v the_o water_n break_v through_o and_o overwhelm_v so_o much_o of_o the_o
do_v extraordinary_o temperate_a the_o heat_n which_o else_o will_v extreme_o infest_v they_o and_o though_o nothing_o of_o the_o southern_a frigid_a zone_n be_v yet_o discover_v yet_o much_o which_o lie_v within_o the_o northern_a be_v as_o greenland_n lapland_n and_o divers_a other_o place_n which_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o volume_n which_o show_v that_o though_o the_o other_o be_v unknown_a to_o we_o yet_o it_o may_v notwithstanding_o its_o cold_a be_v inhabit_v as_o well_o as_o this_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o frigid_a zone_n be_v call_v periscii_n because_o when_o the_o sun_n by_o its_o annual_a motion_n be_v rise_v to_o they_o it_o move_v round_o about_o they_o without_o set_v and_o so_o cast_v their_o shadow_n towards_o every_o part_n of_o the_o horizon_n those_o of_o the_o temperate_a one_o be_v heteroscii_n because_o their_o noon_n shadow_n be_v always_o cast_v only_o one_o way_n we_o northward_o the_o other_o southward_n those_o of_o the_o torrid_a one_o be_v amphiscii_n because_o their_o meridional_a shadow_n be_v sometime_o north_n sometime_o south_n nor_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o clime_n climate_n climate_n by_o lesser_a circle_n parallel_v to_o the_o equator_fw-la of_o much_o more_o use_n than_o the_o former_a for_o by_o say_v that_o a_o country_n lie_v somewhere_o within_o 8_o deg_fw-la 25_o min._n of_o the_o equator_fw-la where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v above_o twelve_o hour_n and_o less_o than_o twelve_o and_o a_o half_a which_o be_v the_o first_o clime_n its_o situation_n be_v but_o little_o better_a describe_v then_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v it_o be_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o 24_o clime_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o subdivision_n of_o the_o zone_n into_o such_o unequal_a space_n that_o the_o long_a day_n in_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v next_o to_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v short_a by_o half_a a_o hour_n than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o other_o part_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o pole_n so_o that_o look_v how_o many_o hour_n the_o long_a day_n in_o any_o country_n do_v exceed_v twelve_o the_o double_a of_o that_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o clime_n where_o it_o lie_v as_o because_o in_o england_n the_o long_a day_n be_v about_o sixteen_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a therefore_o it_o be_v in_o the_o nine_o clime_n or_o eighteen_o parallel_n for_o one_o of_o the_o other_o make_v two_o of_o these_o and_o thus_o we_o may_v reckon_v in_o the_o southern_a as_o well_o as_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n till_o we_o come_v to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n where_o the_o clime_n end_n for_o here_o the_o long_a day_n be_v twentyfour_o hour_n i._n e._n the_o entire_a revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n they_o increase_v so_o fast_o that_o they_o must_v be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o difference_n of_o week_n and_o month_n as_o a_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a within_o the_o polar_a circle_n the_o long_a day_n be_v a_o month_n three_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a two_o month_n six_o deg_fw-la 50_o min._n three_o month_n 11_o deg_fw-la 50_o min._n four_o month_n 17_o deg_fw-la 30._o min._n five_o month_n 90_o deg_fw-la six_o month_n those_o who_o inhabit_v the_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o same_o clime_n have_v summer_n and_o winter_n together_o but_o not_o day_n and_o night_n and_o be_v call_v perioeci_n those_o who_o inhabit_v the_o same_o point_n of_o clime_n equal_o distant_a from_o the_o equator_fw-la have_v day_n and_o night_n but_o not_o summer_n and_o winter_n together_o and_o be_v call_v antoeci_n the_o perioeci_n and_o antoeci_n therefore_o agree_v in_o neither_o but_o be_v antipode_n to_o each_o other_o live_v under_o point_n diametrical_o opposite_a but_o the_o most_o exact_a and_o now_o most_o usual_a description_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o place_n be_v by_o their_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n the_o latitude_n of_o any_o point_n be_v its_o near_a distance_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la as_o e_z 10_o e_z 20_o etc._n etc._n towards_o p._n it_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o arc_n of_o the_o meridian_n intercept_v betwixt_o they_o this_o direct_v to_o the_o very_a circle_n under_o some_o part_n of_o which_o the_o place_n lie_v and_o so_o give_v a_o better_a account_n of_o its_o sitethen_a zone_n and_o clime_n do_v therefore_o some_o former_o describe_v the_o situation_n of_o country_n by_o this_o only_a but_o to_o render_v the_o direction_n complete_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o longitude_n also_o be_v add_v unto_o it_o this_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o first_o meridian_n to_o be_v number_v in_o the_o equator_fw-la from_o 1_o to_o 360_o as_o in_o the_o scheme_n e_o 10_o 20_o etc._n etc._n towards_o e._n but_o where_o to_o fix_v this_o first_o or_o great_a meridian_n geographer_n can_v never_o yet_o well_o agree_v from_o whence_o many_o confusion_n have_v be_v occasion_v and_o be_v still_o continue_v in_o this_o science_n and_o will_v not_o be_v thorough_o redress_v till_o they_o concur_v in_o the_o determination_n of_o this_o point_n which_o though_o it_o may_v be_v fix_v indifferent_o in_o any_o note_a place_n yet_o they_o have_v all_o thus_o far_o agree_v as_o to_o place_v it_o in_o some_o of_o the_o most_o western_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n move_v by_o their_o proper_a motion_n fromward_o the_o west_n towards_o the_o east_n ptolemy_n and_o other_o ancient_a geographer_n fix_v it_o in_o hera_n or_o junonia_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o fortunate_a or_o canary_n island_n and_o as_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o which_o now_o be_v call_v teneriff_n hence_o the_o arabian_n translate_v it_o about_o ten_o degree_n eastward_o some_o of_o our_o late_a geographer_n transfer_v it_o to_o the_o azore_n or_o insulae_fw-la flandricae_fw-la think_v that_o a_o meridian_n draw_v over_o these_o do_v pass_v through_o the_o pole_n towards_o which_o the_o loadstone_n point_v as_o well_o as_o through_o those_o of_o the_o world_n because_o here_o they_o observe_v no_o variation_n of_o the_o needle_n but_o they_o differ_v in_o assign_v through_o which_o of_o these_o isle_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v describe_v some_o place_n it_o in_o st._n michael_n which_o be_v about_o 9_o deg_fw-la more_o west_n than_o teneriff_n because_o here_o they_o say_v the_o compass_n vary_v least_o other_o say_v that_o the_o variation_n be_v less_o in_o corvo_n which_o lie_v about_o 6_o deg_fw-la weft_n of_o this_o i._n e._n 15_o of_o teneriff_n and_o therefore_o fix_v it_o here_o but_o some_o of_o the_o late_a find_v the_o great_a inconvenience_n that_o there_o be_v in_o have_v different_a longitude_n apply_v to_o the_o same_o place_n and_o also_o experiment_v a_o far_o great_a variation_n in_o the_o azore_n than_o be_v pretend_v have_v reduce_v it_o again_o to_o teneriffe_n and_o suppose_v it_o describe_v over_o the_o top_n of_o el_n pico_n or_o the_o peak_n which_o be_v the_o most_o note_a and_o accuminate_v mountain_n in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v better_a fit_v for_o such_o a_o purpose_n than_o any_o shore_n or_o whole_a island_n can_v be_v because_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a to_o be_v at_o all_o remove_v as_o shore_n sometime_o by_o the_o encroachment_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o a_o good_a space_n be_v and_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v but_o of_o a_o very_a small_a compass_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o point_n hence_o longitude_n may_v be_v compute_v even_o to_o a_o minute_n which_o from_o the_o forename_a term_n can_v scarce_o be_v do_v to_o a_o degree_n from_o hence_o all_o the_o longitude_n in_o the_o map_n of_o this_o atlas_n be_v reckon_v and_o we_o wish_v that_o in_o all_o the_o new_a one_o which_o shall_v be_v draw_v henceforward_o it_o may_v be_v so_o to_o or_o at_o least_o that_o it_o may_v particular_o be_v express_v in_o they_o from_o what_o meridian_n it_o be_v that_o they_o compute_v that_o so_o the_o account_n of_o longitude_n may_v become_v more_o intelligible_a and_o useful_a then_o for_o want_v of_o such_o direction_n it_o common_o be_v in_o most_o of_o our_o map_n have_v the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o any_o place_n give_v to_o find_v it_o in_o the_o map_n reckon_v the_o longitude_n among_o the_o meridian_n which_o common_o be_v describe_v from_o the_o upper_a to_o the_o low_a side_n thereof_o and_o the_o latitude_n among_o the_o parallel_n which_o be_v always_o draw_v the_o contrary_a way_n and_o where_o you_o see_v or_o guess_v that_o these_o two_o line_n intersect_v each_o other_o be_v the_o place_n seek_v for_o the_o latitude_n may_v be_v find_v out_o either_o in_o the_o day_n by_o the_o sun_n latitude_n how_o to_o find_v the_o latitude_n or_o in_o the_o night_n by_o the_o star_n the_o elevation_n
of_o the_o equator_fw-la above_o the_o horizon_n be_v the_o compliment_n of_o the_o latitude_n to_o 90_o degree_n as_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o if_o therefore_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v take_v at_o noon_n about_o the_o ten_o day_n of_o march_n or_o twelve_o of_o september_n and_o subduct_v from_o 90_o the_o remainder_n be_v the_o latitude_n the_o same_o may_v be_v find_v at_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n if_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o parallel_n wherein_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v first_o know_v for_o this_o be_v add_v to_o or_o subtract_v from_o the_o meridional_a altitude_n according_a as_o the_o sun_n that_o day_n be_v below_o or_o above_o the_o equinoctial_a make_v the_o case_n all_o one_o with_o the_o former_a in_o the_o night_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n may_v easy_o be_v take_v by_o the_o polestar_n and_o this_o be_v always_o equal_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n for_o because_o under_o the_o equator_fw-la where_o the_o latitude_n begin_v both_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n be_v in_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o so_o far_o as_o we_o remove_v from_o thence_o towards_o either_o pole_n so_o much_o it_o must_v be_v elevate_v that_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o zenith_n and_o the_o horizon_n may_v be_v 90_o degree_n or_o else_o the_o meridional_a altitude_n of_o any_o other_o star_n who_o declination_n be_v know_v may_v be_v observe_v and_o the_o latitude_n hence_o collect_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o from_o that_o of_o the_o sun_n be_v but_o no_o such_o certain_a and_o easy_a method_n for_o the_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n have_v yet_o be_v invent_v longitude_n how_o to_o find_v the_o longitude_n though_o very_o many_o mathematician_n have_v long_o employ_v their_o wit_n in_o the_o search_n after_o it_o be_v encourage_v hereunto_o not_o only_o by_o the_o apprehension_n of_o that_o great_a advantage_n and_o perfection_n which_o this_o science_n and_o navigation_n will_v receive_v from_o such_o a_o discovery_n but_o also_o by_o several_a other_o great_a reward_n which_o have_v be_v propose_v to_o it_o the_o principal_a mean_n whereby_o it_o have_v be_v hitherto_o attempt_v and_o whereby_o it_o seem_v most_o likely_a to_o be_v effect_v be_v the_o observation_n of_o some_o one_o celestial_a appearance_n at_o divers_a place_n such_o as_o be_v eclipse_n the_o entrance_n of_o the_o moon_n into_o the_o ecliptic_a its_o latitude_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o ecliptic_a its_o approximation_n to_o or_o distance_n from_o some_o fix_v star_n the_o conjunction_n and_o opposition_n of_o jupiter_n satellite_n etc._n etc._n for_o if_o the_o moment_n of_o time_n when_o any_o of_o these_o do_v happen_v be_v exact_o observe_v in_o any_o two_o distant_a place_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o will_v be_v find_v out_o by_o resolve_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n that_o the_o appearance_n happen_v in_o one_o place_n soon_o than_o the_o other_o into_o degree_n allow_v fifteen_o degree_n for_o a_o hour_n and_o fifteen_o minute_n of_o a_o degree_n for_o a_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n from_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o beginning_n middle_n and_o end_n of_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n especial_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n have_v hitherto_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v determine_v as_o because_o the_o same_o eclipse_n which_o at_o london_n be_v observe_v at_o twelve_o a_o clock_n begin_v not_o at_o brandenburg_n till_o one_o hence_o it_o be_v collect_v that_o this_o late_a city_n have_v fifteen_o degree_n longitude_n more_o than_o the_o other_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a method_n that_o have_v yet_o be_v find_v out_o and_o if_o all_o artist_n who_o be_v able_a will_v be_v constant_a and_o diligent_a in_o their_o observation_n of_o it_o in_o such_o country_n where_o they_o be_v and_o then_o free_a in_o publish_v these_o their_o observation_n we_o shall_v after_o a_o while_n hereby_o know_v the_o exact_a situation_n at_o least_o of_o all_o great_a city_n and_o other_o such_o note_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lover_n of_o science_n usual_o visit_v but_o this_o indeed_o give_v but_o very_o little_a direction_n to_o mariner_n when_o they_o be_v in_o any_o unknown_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o who_o sake_n principal_o a_o easy_a method_n of_o find_v out_o longitude_n be_v so_o earnest_o seek_v after_o for_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o observe_v the_o beginning_n or_o end_n of_o a_o eclipse_n exact_o at_o sea_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o fluctuation_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o they_o happen_v so_o seldom_o in_o the_o whole_a year_n that_o they_o can_v be_v of_o any_o considerable_a use_n to_o they_o who_o must_v sometime_o examine_v whereabout_o they_o be_v several_a time_n in_o a_o day_n other_o appearance_n therefore_o which_o happen_v more_o frequent_o must_v be_v propose_v to_o their_o observation_n the_o usual_a one_o be_v 1._o the_o moon_n entrance_n into_o the_o ecliptic_a for_o the_o line_n of_o her_o proper_a motion_n intersect_v it_o as_o the_o equator_fw-la do_v only_o its_o great_a distance_n from_o it_o be_v but_o about_o five_o degree_n if_o the_o hour_n when_o this_o happen_v in_o any_o unknown_a place_n be_v compare_v with_o the_o hour_n set_v down_o in_o the_o ephemerides_n which_o be_v calculate_v for_o any_o know_a meridian_n the_o difference_n of_o time_n be_v resolve_v as_o before_o give_v their_o differece_n of_o longitude_n but_o beside_o the_o difficulty_n that_o there_o be_v of_o observe_v this_o appearance_n exact_o it_o happen_v but_o once_o in_o a_o fortnight_n and_o so_o be_v not_o frequent_a enough_o to_o serve_v the_o present_a turn_n therefore_o to_o this_o be_v add_v 2._o the_o moon_n place_n in_o the_o zodiac_n especial_o when_o she_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n the_o time_n of_o night_n when_o this_o happen_v in_o any_o unknown_a place_n be_v by_o any_o of_o the_o fix_a star_n find_v out_o and_o then_o compare_v with_o the_o time_n when_o the_o same_o point_n be_v in_o the_o meridian_n for_o which_o the_o present_a ephemerides_n be_v calculate_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o do_v likewise_o discover_v their_o distance_n in_o longitude_n but_o because_o the_o moon_n for_o some_o day_n before_o and_o after_o the_o change_n can_v be_v see_v at_o all_o and_o for_o several_a more_o can_v be_v see_v in_o the_o meridian_n therefore_o this_o method_n have_v almost_o the_o same_o inconvenience_n attend_v it_o as_o the_o former_a which_o some_o think_v be_v full_o redress_v in_o this_o other_o which_o be_v 3._o the_o conjunction_n eclipse_n or_o any_o such_o appearance_n of_o jupiter_n four_o satellite_n the_o time_n when_o they_o will_v happen_v in_o any_o know_a place_n be_v first_o compute_v and_o then_o compare_v with_o the_o time_n when_o they_o be_v observe_v in_o a_o unknown_a one_o will_v also_o as_o before_o discover_v its_o longitude_n these_o planet_n be_v so_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o earth_n that_o they_o have_v no_o considerable_a parallax_n and_o so_o their_o appearance_n be_v more_o easy_a to_o be_v observe_v then_o those_o of_o the_o moon_n common_o be_v and_o they_o move_v so_o swift_o about_o the_o body_n of_o jupiter_n that_o in_o a_o very_a little_a time_n a_o sensible_a alteration_n of_o their_o place_n be_v make_v and_o so_o the_o moment_n of_o their_o conjunction_n and_o other_o appearance_n may_v be_v the_o more_o accurate_o observe_v and_o longitude_n hence_o more_o exact_o determine_v but_o because_o these_o satellite_n be_v every_o year_n for_o many_o week_n together_o so_o near_o the_o sun_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o ray_n they_o can_v be_v see_v and_o at_o other_o time_n can_v be_v discern_v without_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o very_a good_a prospective_n and_o a_o very_a clear_a air_n therefore_o neither_o can_v this_o be_v a_o constant_a direction_n 4._o the_o appulse_n of_o the_o moon_n to_o any_o of_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v by_o some_o think_v a_o appearance_n of_o the_o most_o universal_a use_n in_o this_o concern_n because_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v at_o all_o time_n but_o about_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o indeed_o do_v not_o the_o double_a parallax_n and_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o moon_n render_v the_o calculation_n of_o its_o true_a place_n somewhat_o nice_a and_o subject_a to_o mistake_n this_o method_n will_v be_v better_o like_v and_o more_o serviceable_a than_o any_o of_o the_o precedent_n since_o therefore_o each_o of_o these_o celestial_a appearance_n have_v some_o difficulty_n or_o other_o attend_v it_o which_o hinder_v it_o from_o be_v observe_v constant_o or_o without_o great_a skill_n and_o care_n then_o mariner_n usual_o adhibit_v the_o fit_a method_n i_o think_v be_v not_o to_o choose_v one_o of_o they_o from_o the_o rest_n and_o always_o to_o make_v use_n of_o
island_n be_v not_o so_o much_o enclose_v with_o ice_n as_o that_o which_o lie_v in_o the_o north_n where_o it_o run_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n with_o a_o sharp_a point_n behind_o the_o mountain_n of_o bear_n for_o on_o this_o side_n all_o the_o year_n long_o the_o ice_n never_o remove_v from_o the_o shore_n above_o ten_o mile_n and_o in_o the_o spring_n time_n so_o besiege_n it_o that_o there_o be_v no_o passage_n through_o it_o for_o which_o reason_n the_o mariner_n who_o be_v bind_v for_o this_o island_n use_v all_o the_o care_n they_o can_v to_o avoid_v the_o eastern_a and_o to_o make_v direct_o to_o the_o western_a shore_n there_o to_o lie_v while_o the_o fish_n season_n continue_v if_o by_o miscarriage_n they_o come_v upon_o the_o east-side_n they_o be_v then_o force_v to_o fetch_v a_o compass_n about_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o island_n whereby_o they_o be_v not_o only_o expose_v to_o the_o terrible_a wind_n that_o blow_v off_o from_o bears-mountain_n but_o also_o to_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o float_v ice_n for_o here_o the_o sea_n flow_v from_o south_n to_o north_n and_o ebb_v from_o north_n to_o south_n at_o the_o northern_a end_n of_o the_o island_n appear_v the_o bears-mountain_n of_o a_o prodigious_a height_n and_o so_o perpendicular_o steep_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o climb_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o this_o mountain_n from_o the_o bear_v there_o frequent_o see_v call_v beerenberg_n or_o the_o bears-mountain_n at_o the_o bottom_n take_v up_o the_o whole_a space_n between_o the_o eastern_a and_o the_o western_a shore_n on_o the_o north-side_n it_o leave_v a_o little_a room_n for_o leveller_n ground_n to_o the_o ocean_n and_o be_v of_o prodigious_a height_n may_v be_v descry_v 30_o mile_n off_o at_o sea_n the_o sea-coast_n lie_v thus_o 1_o noords-hoeck_a or_o the_o northern_a angle_n be_v the_o extreme_a point_n shoot_v out_o to_o the_o north._n 2_o oosthoeck_n be_v the_o most_o eastern_a point_n ysbergh_n mark_v 1._o 2._o 3._o be_v three_o mountain_n of_o ice_n or_o rather_o vast_a heap_n of_o congeal_a snow_n which_o dissolve_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n fall_v from_o the_o top_n of_o bears-mountain_n but_o upon_o the_o sun_n be_v retire_v freeze_v again_o 3_o zuydoost-hoeck_a be_v the_o southeast_n angle_n from_o this_o point_n the_o shore_n extend_v itself_o from_o east_n to_o west_n to_o a_o little_a island_n and_o then_o wind_n again_o to_o the_o west_n and_o south_n in_o some_o place_n not_o passable_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o steepness_n in_o other_o smooth_v enough_o 4_o cleyn_n sand-bay_n or_o little_a sand-bay_n eyerland_n or_o eggland_n be_v certain_a rock_n full_a of_o bird_n here_o about_o a_o musket_n shoot_v from_o the_o shore_n the_o sea_n be_v 60_o fathom_n deep_a and_o a_o little_a far_o the_o sound_a line_n will_v not_o reach_v to_o the_o bottom_n 5_o groote_n hoot-bay_n or_o great_a wood-bay_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a piece_n of_o rot_a timber_n that_o be_v there_o find_v in_o this_o which_o be_v the_o narrow_a part_n of_o the_o island_n be_v certain_a mountain_n not_o very_o steep_a from_o the_o top_n whereof_o any_o person_n call_v they_o that_o stand_v upon_o either_o shore_n may_v be_v hear_v by_o both_o 6_o cleyn_n hoot-bay_n or_o little_a wood-bay_n 7_o english_a bay_n and_o several_a other_o to_o which_o the_o dutch_a have_v give_v such_o name_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a groneland_n call_v also_o groenland_n groinland_n situation_n the_o name_n and_o situation_n and_o more_o ancient_o engroenland_n lie_v as_o the_o islander_n say_v like_o a_o halfmoon_n about_o the_o north_n of_o their_o country_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o four_o day_n sail_v but_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o lie_v so_o much_o east_n but_o rather_o on_o the_o north_n of_o america_n from_o cape_n farewell_o in_o 60_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n on_o the_o south_n it_o be_v unknown_a to_o how_o many_o degree_n in_o the_o north._n the_o east_n and_o west_n be_v encompass_v by_o two_o great_a ocean_n but_o at_o what_o degree_n of_o longitude_n be_v not_o yet_o discover_v only_a mr._n fotherbie_n find_v it_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o groneland_n in_o 71_o deg_fw-la and_o the_o south_n of_o greenland_n to_o be_v above_o two_o hundred_o league_n it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v discover_v first_o by_o a_o norwegian_a gentleman_n discovery_n ancient_a discovery_n who_o name_n be_v eric_n rotcop_n or_o red_a head_n who_o have_v commit_v a_o murder_n in_o iseland_n to_o save_v his_o life_n resolve_v to_o adventure_n to_o another_o country_n whereof_o he_o have_v hear_v some_o obscure_a fly_v report_n he_o succeed_v so_o well_o that_o he_o arrive_v in_o a_o safe_a harbour_n call_v sandstasm_n lie_v between_o two_o mountainous_a promontory_n the_o one_o upon_o a_o island_n over_o against_o groneland_n which_o he_o call_v huidserken_v or_o white_a shirt_n because_o of_o the_o snow_n upon_o it_o the_o other_o on_o the_o continent_n call_v huarf_n eric_n he_o winter_v in_o the_o island_n but_o when_o the_o season_n suffer_v pass_v into_o the_o continent_n which_o because_o of_o its_o greenness_n and_o flourish_v he_o call_v groneland_n thence_o he_o send_v his_o son_n to_o olaus_n trugger_n king_n of_o norway_n to_o get_v his_o pardon_n which_o be_v easy_o grant_v when_o he_o be_v inform_v by_o he_o of_o this_o new_a discovery_n whereupon_o divers_a gentleman_n adventure_v to_o plant_v there_o who_o multiply_v not_o long_o after_o divide_v the_o whole_a country_n into_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a and_o build_v two_o city_n garde_n and_o albe_n in_o albeit_o be_v a_o bishop_n see_v and_o a_o cathedral_n church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n anthony_n the_o seat_n also_o of_o the_o viceroy_n send_v thither_o from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o the_o norwegian_a they_o write_v also_o of_o a_o great_a monastery_n call_v of_o st._n thomas_n wherein_o be_v a_o spring_n who_o water_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o it_o dress_v all_o their_o meat_n and_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o cell_n and_o other_o room_n in_o pipe_n heat_v all_o the_o monastery_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v so_o many_o stove_n they_o say_v also_o that_o this_o monastery_n be_v build_v all_o of_o pumice-stone_n and_o that_o this_o hot_a water_n fall_v upon_o they_o mix_v with_o the_o outer_a part_n and_o produce_v a_o sort_n of_o clammy_a matter_n which_o serve_v instead_o of_o lime_n but_o what_o the_o norwegian_n conquer_v norwegian_n by_o the_o norwegian_n or_o possess_v in_o this_o country_n be_v a_o inconsiderable_a corner_n of_o that_o large_a continent_n themselves_o mention_v a_o nation_n who_o they_o call_v skrelinger_n to_o have_v inhabit_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o land_n but_o what_o they_o be_v we_o know_v not_o but_o whether_o their_o paucity_n expose_v they_o to_o the_o mercilesness_n of_o the_o native_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o epidemical_a disease_n which_o they_o call_v the_o black_a plague_n which_o sweep_v away_o not_o only_o most_o of_o that_o nation_n in_o groneland_n but_o also_o the_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n in_o norway_n that_o maintain_v that_o traffic_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v some_o other_o reason_n which_o be_v now_o forget_v so_o it_o be_v that_o since_o 1349_o little_a intelligence_n have_v descend_v to_o we_o concern_v groneland_n till_o seek_v the_o northwest_n passage_n to_o china_n occasion_v more_o knowledge_n of_o it_o in_o 1389_o they_o say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n send_v a_o fleet_n thither_o with_o intention_n to_o re-establish_a his_o dominion_n in_o those_o part_n but_o that_o be_v cast_v away_o discourage_v he_o from_o any_o further_a enterprise_n till_o now_o of_o late_a christian_n iv_o renew_v somewhat_o again_o of_o that_o navigation_n of_o which_o by_o and_o by_o in_o 1406_o the_o bishop_n of_o drontheim_n send_v a_o priest_n call_v andreas_n to_o succeed_v henry_n bishop_n of_o garda_n if_o dead_a if_o alive_a to_o return_v and_o bring_v notice_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n there_o but_o andreas_n never_o come_v back_o nor_o have_v there_o be_v since_o any_o further_a care_n take_v to_o supply_v bishop_n or_o maintain_v christianity_n there_o there_o be_v a_o relation_n in_o purchas_n pilgrim_n part_v 3_o of_o one_o ivor_n boty_n a_o gronelander_n translate_v 1560_o out_o of_o the_o norweighish_n language_n which_o give_v a_o sufficient_o particular_a account_n of_o all_o the_o place_n in_o that_o country_n inhabit_v by_o christian_n but_o nothing_o beside_o afterward_o another_o part_n of_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v discover_v by_o antonio_n zany_n zany_n a._n zany_n the_o relation_n of_o who_o adventure_n be_v at_o large_a in_o hackluit_n three_o volume_n i_o shall_v not_o insert_v they_o because_o not_o useful_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n and_o though_o there_o be_v ground_n sufficient_a to_o make_v we_o doubt_v of_o some_o of_o these_o relation_n yet_o not_o to_o reject_v
they_o gudbrandus_fw-la thorlacius_n a_o islandish_a bishop_n and_o discreet_a person_n say_v that_o the_o islandish_a chronicle_n affirm_v that_o they_o use_v former_o to_o trade_n to_o engroneland_n and_o that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o popery_n that_o country_n have_v bishop_n now_o our_o man_n in_o all_o the_o place_n where_o they_o have_v land_v find_v none_o but_o savage_n and_o those_o also_o idolater_n speak_v a_o language_n different_a from_o all_o that_o ever_o they_o hear_v though_o the_o native_n in_o their_o custom_n most_o resemble_v the_o laplander_n of_o who_o more_o in_o due_a place_n the_o occasion_n of_o our_o voyage_n to_o those_o coast_n frobisher_n late_a discovery_n by_o the_o english_a sir_n martin_n frobisher_n be_v to_o find_v out_o a_o way_n to_o china_n etc._n etc._n by_o the_o northwest_o which_o have_v be_v fruitless_o seek_v towards_o the_o north-east_n the_o first_o who_o we_o read_v to_o have_v search_v the_o northwest_n for_o a_o passage_n be_v martin_n frobisher_n who_o in_o 1576_o with_o two_o bark_n come_v to_o the_o height_n of_o 62_o deg_fw-la find_v a_o great_a inlet_n call_v by_o he_o frobisher_n strait_n whereinto_o have_v sail_v 60_o league_n with_o main_a land_n on_o either_o side_n return_v he_o find_v there_o a_o certain_a oar_n which_o he_o conceive_v to_o be_v of_o gold_n and_o the_o next_o year_n he_o make_v a_o second_o voyage_n to_o fetch_v a_o quantity_n of_o it_o but_o it_o prove_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o black_a lead_n answer_v not_o expectation_n yet_o they_o find_v a_o silver_n i_o which_o lie_v so_o deep_a and_o fast_o in_o the_o rock_n that_o they_o can_v not_o dig_v it_o they_o melt_v gold_n also_o but_o in_o very_o small_a quantity_n out_o of_o several_a stone_n they_o find_v there_o upon_o smith_n isle_n they_o find_v also_o a_o dead_a fish_n of_o about_o twelve_o foot_n long_o not_o unlike_a in_o shape_n to_o a_o porcpoise_n have_v a_o horn_n six_o foot_n long_o such_o as_o be_v common_o call_v unicorns-horn_n grow_v out_o of_o his_o snout_n which_o be_v still_o keep_v at_o windsor_n in_o 1578_o he_o go_v out_o again_o upon_o a_o discovery_n wherein_o pass_v as_o far_o as_o he_o think_v good_a he_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o name_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n calling_z it_z meta_fw-la incognita_fw-la in_o 1583_o gilbert_n sir_n hum._n gilbert_n sir_n humphrey_n gilbert_n upon_o the_o same_o design_n go_v to_o the_o great_a river_n of_o st._n laurence_n in_o canada_n take_v possession_n of_o the_o country_n and_o settle_v a_o fish_n trade_n there_o this_o voyage_n i_o suppose_v be_v make_v upon_o suggestion_n of_o a_o greek_a mariner_n who_o assure_v some_o of_o our_o nation_n that_o himself_o have_v pass_v a_o great_a strait_n north_n of_o virginia_n from_o the_o west_n or_o south_n ocean_n and_o offer_v to_o be_v pilot_n for_o the_o discovery_n but_o die_v before_o he_o come_v into_o england_n in_o 1585._o davis_n mr._n davis_n mr._n john_n davis_n be_v employ_v with_o two_o bark_n to_o the_o same_o search_n the_o first_o land_n he_o come_v to_o he_o name_v the_o land_n of_o desolation_n and_o be_v one_o part_n of_o groneland_n then_o he_o arrive_v in_o 64_o deg_fw-la 15_o min._n in_o gilbert_n sound_v where_o they_o find_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o that_o oar_n which_o frobisher_n bring_v into_o england_n and_o also_o lapis_fw-la specularis_fw-la thence_o they_o go_v to_o 66_o deg_fw-la 40_o min._n to_o mount_n raleigh_n totness_n sound_v etc._n etc._n where_o they_o see_v some_o few_o low_a shrub_n but_o nothing_o else_o worth_a note_n in_o 1586_o he_o make_v a_o second_o voyage_n to_o the_o same_o place_n where_o he_o find_v among_o the_o native_n copper_n oar_n as_o also_o black_a and_o red_a copper_n thence_o they_o search_v many_o place_n westward_o and_o return_v with_o good_a hope_n of_o discover_v the_o desire_a passage_n in_o 1587._o he_o make_v a_o three_o voyage_n to_o 72_o deg_fw-la 12_o min._n the_o compass_n vary_v to_o 82_o deg_fw-la westward_o the_o land_n they_o call_v london-coast_n and_o there_o they_o find_v a_o open_a sea_n and_o forty_o league_n between_o land_n and_o land_n think_v this_o to_o be_v the_o most_o likely_a place_n to_o find_v the_o passage_n and_o it_o be_v from_o he_o call_v fretum_n davis_n thus_o from_o time_n to_o time_n proceed_v the_o discovery_n of_o these_o country_n hudson_n mr._n hudson_n but_o now_o not_o upon_o hope_n of_o a_o passage_n to_o the_o indies_n but_o for_o the_o profit_n of_o trade_n till_o mr._n hudson_n in_o 1610_o after_o he_o be_v satisfy_v that_o there_o be_v no_o passage_n north-easter_o be_v send_v to_o make_v a_o trial_n here_o also_o he_o proceed_v a_o hundred_o league_n further_o than_o any_o before_o have_v do_v and_o give_v name_n to_o certain_a place_n as_o desire-provokes_a isle_n of_o god_n mercy_n prince_n henry's-cape_n king_n james_n cape_n queen_n ann's-cape_n and_o the_o like_a but_o the_o ice_n hinder_v he_o from_o go_v further_o and_o the_o sedition_n of_o his_o man_n from_o return_v home_o in_o 1612_o james_n hall_n return_v into_o england_n hall_n james_n hall_n and_o with_o he_o william_n baffin_n who_o discover_v cockin_n sound_v in_o the_o height_n of_o 65_o deg_fw-la 20_o min._n which_o differ_v in_o longitude_n from_o london_n 60_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n westward_o they_o see_v also_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o great_a beast_n they_o suppose_v a_o elk_n or_o the_o like_a james_n hall_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o boat_n by_o a_o native_a pretend_v to_o trade_n with_o they_o they_o try_v the_o mine_n at_o cunninghams_n river_n which_o the_o dane_n have_v dig_v before_o and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v nothing_o worth_a there_o be_v rock_n of_o very_a pure_a stone_n fine_a and_o white_a than_o alabaster_n and_o angelica_n grow_v plentiful_o in_o many_o place_n which_o the_o savage_n use_v to_o eat_v in_o 1615_o mr._n baffin_n be_v send_v again_o baffin_n mr._n baffin_n he_o find_v fair-point_n to_o differ_v in_o longitude_n from_o london_n 74_o deg_fw-la and_z 5_o min._n westward_o but_o the_o chief_a thing_n they_o discover_v be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o passage_n in_o the_o north_n of_o davis_n strait_n it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o great_a bay_n but_o that_o profit_n may_v be_v make_v by_o fish_v for_o whale_n morss_n and_o unicorn_n of_o which_o there_o be_v good_a store_n in_o 1616_o mr._n baffin_n go_v again_o in_o sir_n tho._n smith_n sound_v 78_o deg_fw-la lat._n their_o compass_n vary_v 56_o deg_fw-la westward_o the_o great_a variation_n that_o be_v any_o where_o know_v despair_v to_o discover_v their_o desire_a northwest_n passage_n they_o return_v home_o and_o since_o that_o we_o hear_v of_o no_o more_o voyage_n make_v from_o england_n upon_o that_o design_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n also_o dane_n by_o the_o dane_n partly_o to_o advance_v the_o trade_n of_o his_o own_o and_o partly_o to_o renew_v his_o ancient_a pretence_n to_o that_o country_n if_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v discover_v worth_a the_o claim_n whilst_o the_o english_a be_v busy_a in_o these_o discovery_n set_v out_o two_o ship_n and_o a_o pinnace_n 1605_o the_o admiral_n be_v capt._n john_n cunningham_n a_o scot_n godske_v lindenaw_n a_o noble_a dane_n be_v vice-admiral_n the_o chief_a pilot_n be_v james_n hall_n and_o john_n knight_n english_a man_n gotske_v arrive_v on_o some_o part_n of_o the_o country_n where_o he_o traffic_v some_o small_a matter_n with_o the_o native_n take_v two_o of_o they_o and_o return_v into_o denmark_n the_o other_o two_o ship_n arrive_v at_o cape_n farewell_o thence_o go_v to_o frobishers_n strait_n give_v danish_a name_n to_o divers_a place_n trade_v with_o the_o native_n of_o who_o they_o bring_v away_o three_o and_o find_v certain_a stone_n in_o a_o place_n call_v cunninghams_n ford_n out_o of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n of_o which_o be_v extract_v twenty-six_o ounce_n of_o fine_a silver_n in_o 1606_o he_o send_v again_o four_o ship_n and_o a_o pinnace_n godske_v lindenaw_n admiral_n and_o james_n hall_n pilot-general_n they_o bring_v away_o five_o of_o the_o native_n in_o 1607_o james_n hall_n be_v send_v again_o but_o the_o seaman_n mutine_a as_o soon_o as_o he_o come_v to_o the_o coast_n bring_v the_o ship_n back_o again_o into_o denmark_n without_o any_o thing_n do_v the_o king_n of_o denmark_n set_v out_o two_o ship_n more_o under_o christian_a richardson_n a_o holsteiner_n with_o norwegian_a and_o iselandish_a mariner_n who_o return_v before_o they_o see_v shore_n more_o of_o their_o expedition_n we_o know_v not_o till_o 1619_o when_o he_o send_v out_o john_n monk_n with_o two_o ship_n they_o arrive_v safe_a at_o cape_n farewell_o 60_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n where_o their_o tackle_n be_v so_o freeze_v and_o full_a of_o icicle_n that_o they_o can_v not_o handle_v they_o the_o next_o day_n be_v so_o hot_a
nor_o as_o stranger_n but_o as_o a_o wander_a people_n live_v upon_o hunt_v and_o prey_n wherever_o they_o can_v find_v it_o in_o this_o tract_n of_o ground_n we_o find_v the_o name_n but_o nothing_o else_o of_o divers_a nation_n as_o vgolici_fw-la hugritsci_fw-la voluhisci_n calami_fw-la and_o the_o like_a all_o who_o the_o russes_z who_o till_z of_o late_o have_v not_o any_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o they_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o samoieds_n or_o self-eater_n and_o since_o that_o they_o have_v also_o call_v a_o great_a tract_n of_o land_n both_o of_o the_o west_n and_o east_n side_n of_o the_o river_n ob_fw-la samoiedia_fw-la i_o think_v erroneous_o the_o samoieds_n as_o i_o say_v not_o be_v a_o nation_n but_o however_o it_o be_v we_o shall_v begin_v with_o these_o samoieds_n samoieds_fw-fr of_o the_o samoieds_fw-fr though_o not_o name_v among_o the_o emperor_n subject_n except_o they_o be_v include_v in_o the_o title_n of_o great_a commander_n of_o siberia_n or_o obdoria_n neither_o of_o which_o be_v likely_a partly_o because_o the_o muscovite_n retain_v their_o ancient_a form_n in_o their_o title_n partly_o because_o these_o people_n be_v only_o in_o part_n and_o by_o their_o own_o free_a submission_n under_o the_o tzar_n part_n continue_v still_o in_o their_o ancient_a fierceness_n barbarism_n and_o heathenishness_n nor_o be_v their_o country_n reduce_v into_o town_n and_o government_n as_o russia_n be_v they_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o nation_n altogether_o distinct_a from_o the_o muscovite_n both_o in_o the_o make_v of_o their_o body_n manner_n of_o live_v language_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o be_v rather_o akin_a to_o the_o tartar_n as_o be_v also_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o most_o northern_a nation_n laplander_n gronelander_n etc._n etc._n because_o of_o their_o low_a stature_n fullchestedness_n broad_a and_o flat_a face_n long_o black_a hair_n little_a hollow_a eye_n short_a leg_n and_o knee_n bow_v outward_a they_o inhabit_v the_o confine_n of_o europe_n and_o asia_n habitation_n their_o habitation_n and_o take_v up_o a_o considerable_a portion_n of_o the_o northern_a tract_n of_o both_o those_o part_n they_o live_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n ob_fw-la obba_n oby_n the_o russian_n call_v they_o sam-ieda_a i._n e._n self-eater_n which_o be_v not_o improbable_a both_o because_o at_o present_a they_o eat_v all_o manner_n of_o raw_a flesh_n even_o the_o very_a carrion_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o ditch_n and_o those_o who_o live_v upon_o waygates_n even_o till_o these_o time_n will_v not_o suffer_v the_o russes_z to_o land_n upon_o their_o country_n but_o if_o they_o catch_v will_v kill_v any_o of_o they_o and_o eat_v they_o of_o those_o also_o who_o live_v beyond_o the_o ob_fw-la the_o russian_n report_n that_o they_o in_o hard_a time_n do_v not_o make_v any_o difficulty_n to_o devour_v one_o another_o that_o if_o a_o merchant_n come_v among_o they_o to_o trade_n they_o will_v to_o make_v he_o a_o high_a entertainment_n not_o stick_v to_o kill_v a_o child_n for_o his_o sake_n and_o that_o if_o any_o one_o die_v among_o they_o they_o make_v the_o best_a of_o he_o and_o eat_v he_o but_o themselves_o give_v another_o reason_n even_o of_o the_o name_n samoy_v as_o if_o it_o signify_v of_o themselves_o that_o they_o be_v ab_fw-la origines_fw-la and_o bear_v in_o that_o place_n however_o as_o i_o say_v this_o be_v not_o a_o name_n of_o a_o nation_n but_o a_o accidental_a difference_n from_o most_o other_o people_n yet_o such_o a_o one_o as_o have_v quite_o obliterated_a the_o true_a name_n how_o far_o they_o extend_v beyond_o the_o ob_fw-la be_v not_o yet_o discover_v on_o this_o side_n the_o river_n they_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o petzora_n or_o at_o least_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n betwixt_o those_o two_o river_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o original_n with_o the_o saimoieds_fw-fr waygate_n and_o nova_n zembla_n in_o appearance_n be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o same_o nation_n as_o be_v siberia_n borandia_n jugoria_n and_o so_o be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o northern_a russia_n till_o civilise_v the_o reader_n must_v not_o expect_v any_o exact_a relation_n of_o their_o affair_n and_o action_n discovery_n their_o discovery_n they_o have_v not_o any_o thing_n of_o learning_n or_o record_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o oral_a tradition_n of_o what_o have_v be_v do_v among_o they_o in_o the_o very_a last_o age_n nor_o do_v stranger_n mention_v any_o thing_n of_o they_o save_v that_o they_o frequent_v with_o their_o fur_n and_o other_o commodity_n the_o free_a fair_n and_o public_a mart_n hold_v in_o several_a town_n of_o russia_n till_o their_o submission_n to_o the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o first_o that_o give_v any_o notice_n of_o they_o to_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v our_o own_o countryman_n who_o endeavour_v the_o discovery_n of_o a_o passage_n that_o way_n to_o cathay_n and_o china_n happen_v upon_o their_o country_n who_o notwithstanding_o can_v not_o give_v any_o exact_a relation_n of_o they_o because_o of_o their_o ignorance_n of_o the_o language_n and_o the_o extreme_a shyness_n and_o jealousy_n they_o have_v of_o all_o stranger_n and_o their_o conversation_n the_o first_o that_o we_o find_v to_o have_v light_n upon_o they_o be_v stephen_n burrough_n a_o english_a man_n 1556_o in_o his_o voyage_n to_o discover_v the_o north-east_n passage_n before_o he_o also_o i_o find_v not_o any_o of_o our_o geographer_n to_o have_v mention_v waygat_n which_o he_o say_v be_v island_n lie_v north-east_n of_o pechora_n and_o nova_n zembla_n his_o relation_n as_o also_o that_o of_o rich._n johnson_n who_o go_v the_o same_o voyage_n be_v extant_a in_o hackluit_n afterward_o 1596_o will._n barent_n give_v some_o small_a account_n of_o they_o since_o that_o divers_z other_o what_o we_o can_v find_v concern_v they_o life_n their_o language_n and_o manner_n of_o life_n we_o shall_v set_v down_o they_o have_v not_o all_o one_o language_n but_o how_o many_o or_o how_o differ_v and_o in_o what_o place_v which_o language_n we_o know_v not_o their_o manner_n of_o live_v seem_v to_o be_v much_o according_a to_o nature_n they_o have_v no_o city_n but_o some_o of_o they_o have_v house_n whither_o they_o sometime_o when_o not_o convenient_a to_o travel_v retire_v which_o be_v as_o the_o groenlander_n in_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o hill_n with_o passage_n to_o one_o another_o the_o part_n that_o be_v not_o dug_n out_o of_o the_o ground_n be_v of_o wood_n meet_v together_o at_o the_o top_n and_o cover_v with_o bark_n and_o turf_n with_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o top_n which_o serve_v they_o for_o a_o chimney_n to_o vent_v their_o smoke_n and_o door_n to_o creep_v out_o when_o the_o snow_n stop_v up_o their_o entrance_n but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o travel_n from_o place_n to_o place_n where_o they_o can_v find_v best_a pasturage_n for_o their_o rain-deer_n and_o best_a game_n or_o prey_n for_o themselves_o and_o they_o will_v reckon_v it_o a_o curse_n to_o be_v confine_v to_o one_o place_n those_o next_o the_o sea_n side_n abide_v upon_o the_o sea_n common_o a_o month_n together_o when_o it_o be_v seasonable_a fish_n when_o they_o wander_v they_o carry_v wife_n child_n and_o all_o their_o wealth_n along_o with_o they_o pretend_v no_o propriety_n in_o any_o place_n they_o travel_v upon_o sled_n draw_v by_o their_o rain-deer_n with_o so_o great_a speed_n that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o post_v two_o hundred_o italian_a mile_n in_o one_o day_n they_o bait_v and_o rest_n where_o be_v best_a provision_n for_o their_o beast_n and_o they_o travel_v common_o in_o company_n ten_o sled_n fasten_v one_o to_o another_o and_o to_o every_o of_o they_o one_o rain-deer_n at_o least_o in_o which_o they_o carry_v their_o stuff_n and_o wealth_n and_o call_v it_o argish_a but_o when_o thus_o lade_v they_o make_v short_a day_n journey_n and_o travel_v not_o above_o thirty_o mile_n in_o twelve_o hour_n at_o night_n they_o pitch_v their_o tent_n which_o be_v the_o large_a skin_n and_o fur_n set_v and_o extend_v upon_o short_a pole_n or_o stake_n of_o which_o the_o country_n be_v very_o plentiful_o store_v so_o cover_v the_o whole_a frame_n except_o a_o hole_n at_o the_o top_n which_o let_v out_o the_o smoke_n and_o they_o heap_v snow_n upon_o the_o outside_n the_o fire_n they_o make_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o round_o about_o it_o spread_v their_o bears-skin_n and_o fur_n whereupon_o they_o sleep_v it_o be_v the_o wife_n office_n to_o set_v up_o the_o cabbans_n and_o guide_v the_o argish_a or_o convoy_n of_o sled_n whilst_o the_o man_n bring_v in_o fire_v and_o such_o provision_n as_o can_v be_v get_v for_o their_o supper_n from_o this_o their_o continual_a change_a place_n it_o come_v that_o these_o samoieds_fw-fr be_v the_o only_a guide_n for_o merchant_n in_o winter_n time_n to_o all_o the_o great_a town_n near_o those_o country_n who_o
so_o many_o in_o all_o as_o the_o tatar_n to_o show_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o slaughter_n fill_v nine_o great_a sack_n with_o their_o right_a ear_n and_o the_o arabian_a author_n say_v they_o amount_v to_o 270000_o which_o be_v manifest_o false_a if_o speak_v of_o this_o battle_n if_o of_o all_o the_o war_n may_v have_v some_o probability_n this_o battle_n be_v fight_v v._o id._n apr._n 1241_o at_o a_o place_n thence_o call_v walstad_n a_o mile_n from_o lignitz_n the_o tatar_n also_o be_v so_o weaken_v that_o they_o stir_v not_o out_o of_o their_o camp_n for_o fifteen_o day_n space_n to_o cure_v their_o man_n and_o to_o deliberate_v whither_o they_o shall_v march_v next_o and_o they_o resolve_v upon_o moravia_n to_o be_v near_o to_o their_o general_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n raise_v what_o man_n he_o can_v send_v they_o under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o very_a valiant_a and_o expert_a soldier_n jaroslaus_n a_o sternberg_n to_o defend_v such_o place_n as_o be_v most_o considerable_a he_o with_o much_o labour_n and_o difficulty_n get_v into_o olmutz_n when_o the_o scout_n of_o the_o tatar_n appear_v before_o the_o town_n trust_v to_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o work_n he_o forbear_v to_o fight_v the_o enemy_n so_o long_o that_o they_o conceive_v he_o a_o coward_n begin_v to_o despise_v he_o and_o to_o keep_v their_o own_o guard_n more_o negligent_o which_o jaroslaus_n perceive_v after_o they_o have_v recommend_v their_o cause_n to_o god_n by_o fast_v and_o prayer_n choose_v a_o dark_a night_n march_v out_o of_o a_o postern_n and_o with_o great_a silence_n fall_v into_o the_o tatar_n camp_n of_o who_o they_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n peta_n be_v slay_v by_o jaroslaus_n himself_o the_o rest_n draw_v off_o and_o march_v to_o batu_n into_o hungary_n batu_n have_v ravage_v for_o two_o year_n together_o not_o only_a hungary_n but_o slavonia_n bosnia_n rascia_fw-la bulgaria_n and_o the_o country_n on_o both_o side_n the_o danube_n some_o say_v that_o after_o this_o make_v a_o attempt_n upon_o austria_n and_o endeavour_v to_o swim_v a_o great_a river_n he_o be_v drown_v other_o that_o go_v against_o the_o greek_a emperor_n he_o be_v overthrow_v however_o it_o be_v it_o be_v agree_v that_o his_o army_n return_v back_o and_z seizing_z upon_o all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o boristhenes_n and_o volga_n and_o the_o taurica_n chersonesus_n which_o before_o they_o very_o much_o waste_v there_o settle_v unto_o this_o day_n be_v call_v crim-tartar_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o chersonesus_n call_v crim_n and_o precopense_n from_o precop_n which_o in_o their_o language_n signify_v a_o ditch_n such_o a_o one_o be_v draw_v across_o the_o isthmus_n to_o cut_v of_o that_o peninsula_n from_o the_o continent_n the_o tartar_n at_o first_o be_v lord_n yet_o not_o absolute_a for_o they_o acknowledge_v the_o superiority_n of_o the_o great_a cham_n the_o chief_a heir_n of_o gingis-chan_n till_o lochtan-chan_n one_o of_o the_o descendant_n from_o batu_n refuse_v obedience_n to_o he_o and_o take_v upon_o himself_o the_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o all_o those_o place_n except_o some_o few_o city_n in_o taurica_n which_o notwithstanding_o their_o conquest_n remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o genovese_n their_o inhabitant_n till_o about_o the_o year_n 1574_o when_o mahomet_n ii_o emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n take_v they_o a_o little_a before_o that_o they_o have_v forsake_v their_o old_a religion_n of_o gingis-chan_n by_o the_o practice_n of_o hedegh_n and_o sida-hameth-chan_n their_o emperor_n and_o embrace_v the_o mahometan_a yet_o the_o common_a people_n be_v not_o very_o zealous_a in_o it_o to_o this_o day_n but_o make_v use_n of_o their_o little_a puppet-idol_n of_o felt_n etc._n etc._n and_o continue_v many_o other_o pagan_a custom_n of_o their_o former_a religion_n mahomet_n the_o great_a fear_v they_o shall_v grow_v too_o powerful_a for_o he_o under_o colour_n of_o take_v in_o the_o city_n of_o caffa_n possess_v by_o the_o genovese_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o chersonesus_n and_o of_o the_o city_n of_o azoph_n or_o azek_n a_o strong_a place_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o tanais_n afterward_o the_o crim-tartar_n aid_v selimus_n i._o who_o marry_v his_o daughter_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 150000_o man_n against_o his_o father_n and_o then_o the_o two_o nation_n make_v a_o league_n that_o the_o tartar_n shall_v assist_v the_o turk_n when_o require_v with_o 50000_o horse_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o make_v war_n except_o against_o the_o muscovite_n without_o leave_n of_o the_o turk_n that_o they_o shall_v yearly_o pay_v to_o the_o turk_n a_o tribute_n of_o three_o hundred_o christian_n some_o fur_n butter_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n and_o the_o turk_n shall_v pay_v they_o 5500_o ducat_n and_o the_o cham_n shall_v succeed_v to_o the_o turkish_a empire_n if_o the_o male_n of_o the_o ottoman_a line_n shall_v fail_v but_o this_o last_v not_o long_o for_o amurath_n iii_o in_o the_o year_n 1584._o quarrel_v mahomet_n the_o crim-tartar_n as_o if_o he_o design_v to_o intercept_v osman_n bassa_n in_o his_o return_n from_o persia_n to_o constantinople_n authorize_v osman_n to_o invade_v he_o who_o take_v he_o and_o his_o two_o son_n strangle_v they_o and_o set_v up_o islan_n the_o brother_n of_o mahomet_n under_o such_o condition_n as_o the_o grand_a signior_n please_v the_o tartar_n do_v enjoy_v also_o all_o the_o country_n of_o budziak_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o niester_n and_o boristhenes_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o but_o the_o turk_n have_v seize_v upon_o that_o so_o that_o now_o their_o dominion_n reach_v only_o between_o dnieper_n or_o boristhenes_n and_o the_o don_n or_o tanais_n and_o of_o this_o that_o peninsula_n call_v taurica_n chersonesus_n be_v the_o chief_a part_n that_o peninsula_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o or_o chersonesus_n be_v call_v taurica_n because_v inhabit_v by_o a_o sort_n of_o scythian_n call_v tauri_n and_o tauro-scythae_a afterward_o the_o greek_n mingle_v among_o they_o and_o bring_v the_o country_n into_o great_a beauty_n and_o fame_n but_o their_o name_n and_o action_n belong_v to_o the_o ancient_a geography_n the_o genovese_n take_v advantage_n of_o the_o great_a feud_n of_o the_o greek_n among_o themselves_o in_o the_o year_n 1266_o or_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o holy-war_n take_v caffa_n and_o plant_v a_o considerable_a interest_n in_o the_o country_n the_o tartar_n either_o permit_v they_o because_o of_o the_o gain_n they_o make_v by_o their_o traffic_n principal_o of_o slave_n which_o they_o furnish_v to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n but_o especial_o to_o egypt_n who_o general_o have_v all_o their_o mamaluke_n as_o long_o as_o that_o government_n last_v from_o this_o place_n or_o not_o be_v skill_v in_o besiege_v of_o town_n especial_o such_o as_o can_v be_v perpetual_o relieve_v and_o indeed_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a for_o the_o genovese_n for_o have_v beside_o this_o a_o great_a plantation_n at_o pera_n near_o constantinople_n they_o thereby_o enjoy_v the_o whole_a trade_n of_o the_o black-sea_n till_o as_o we_o say_v they_o be_v ruin_v by_o the_o turk_n since_o which_o time_n i_o can_v find_v that_o it_o have_v suffer_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n we_o shall_v therefore_o describe_v it_o be_v by_o christian_n a_o unfrequented_a country_n out_o of_o mart._n broniovius_n who_o be_v send_v ambassador_n twice_o thither_o from_o stephanes_n battori_n king_n of_o poland_n from_o which_o such_o little_a information_n as_o we_o meet_v with_o since_o do_v not_o considerable_o differ_v this_o chersonesus_n then_o be_v about_o fifty_o league_n long_o and_o thirty_o where_o broad_a the_o first_o town_n at_o the_o entrance_n upon_o the_o east_n be_v przecop_n call_v by_o the_o tartar_n or_o situate_v upon_o the_o dyke_n in_o the_o narrow_a part_n of_o the_o isthmus_n where_o it_o be_v not_o above_o a_o mile_n wide_a ancient_o call_v eupatoria_n pompeiopolis_n beside_o other_o name_n it_o be_v now_o a_o small_a town_n of_o about_o four_o hundred_o fire_n it_o have_v a_o stone_n castle_n but_o not_o strong_a wherein_o the_o cham_n have_v continual_o he_o beg_v or_o palatine_n who_o command_v the_o guard_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o boristhenes_n and_o tanais_n as_o also_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o plain_n betwixt_o he_o also_o examine_v all_o stranger_n suffer_v none_o to_o pass_v without_o the_o cham_n letter_n sachingeri_fw-la the_o great_a cham_fw-mi here_o overthrow_v the_o nagay-tartar_n and_o raise_v seventeen_o fort_n upon_o the_o dyke_n some_o of_o they_o of_o the_o skull_n and_o bone_n of_o the_o slay_v coslow_n situate_v near_o unto_o the_o black_a sea_n be_v a_o town_n of_o traffic_n have_v near_o two_o thousand_o house_n and_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o cham._n ingerman_n be_v now_o only_a a_o castle_n but_o have_v be_v a_o great_a town_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o ruin_n among_o which_o
from_o bructeri_n a_o ancient_a people_n of_o germany_n who_o say_v they_o conquer_v and_o people_v these_o part_n the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n be_v that_o the_o prussian_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o borusci_n a_o people_n former_o inhabit_v some_o part_n of_o russia_n about_o the_o raphaean_a mountain_n whence_o they_o be_v drive_v out_o by_o excessive_a snow_n and_o cold_a for_o to_o omit_v the_o affinity_n there_o be_v among_o the_o three_o word_n borusci_n borussi_n and_o prussi_n the_o ancient_a language_n of_o the_o prussian_n be_v only_o a_o dialect_n of_o the_o russian_a as_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v by_o and_o by_o who_o be_v the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o prussia_n be_v hard_a to_o find_v out_o then_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n many_o as_o well_o ancient_a as_o modern_a geographer_n think_v eridanus_n and_o the_o insulae_n electride_v so_o famous_a for_o the_o electrum_n or_o amber_n carry_v all_o greece_n and_o italy_n over_o be_v in_o this_o country_n but_o who_o in_o those_o day_n people_v the_o land_n they_o dare_v not_o determine_v the_o most_o likely_a story_n be_v that_o the_o venedi_n or_o venedae_n a_o large_a branch_n of_o the_o slavonian_a nation_n be_v here_o seat_v this_o seem_v plain_a from_o the_o word_n of_o ptolemy_n who_o tell_v we_o the_o venedi_n upon_o the_o vistula_n have_v on_o the_o south_n the_o phinni_n and_o gythones_n and_o cluverius_n confirm_v the_o assertion_n from_o several_a place_n in_o liefland_n which_o to_o this_o day_n retain_v the_o name_n of_o wenden_n windaw_n vschewende_n etc._n etc._n hence_o come_v the_o mistake_n of_o the_o latin_a poet_n who_o have_v read_v that_o electrum_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o venedi_fw-la confound_v these_o people_n with_o the_o venetian_n of_o italy_n and_o fancy_v padus_n be_v the_o ancient_a eridanus_n beside_o the_o venedi_n the_o galindae_n and_o sudini_n be_v here_o place_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o hartknoch_n prove_v from_o the_o idolatrous_a worship_n use_v former_o in_o prussia_n that_o the_o goth_n be_v sometime_o master_n of_o the_o country_n the_o aelii_n and_o aelvaeones_n reckon_v by_o some_o writer_n as_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o prussia_n be_v goth_n at_o this_o day_n the_o prussian_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o heterogeneous_a people_n make_v up_o of_o swede_n polander_n german_n and_o other_o of_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n the_o whole_a country_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n for_o fifty_o german_n or_o two_o hundred_o english_a mile_n together_o on_o the_o east_n with_o lithvania_n and_o podlachia_n on_o the_o south_n with_o masovia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o vistula_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o cassubia_n and_o part_n of_o pomeren_n the_o chief_a river_n in_o it_o be_v the_o vistula_n nemeni_n cronon_n call_v by_o the_o native_n at_o this_o day_n mimel_n and_o near_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o russ_n nogat_v elbing_n vuser_n passar_n alla_n pregol_n ossa_n vrebnicz_n louse_n and_o lave_v by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o and_o the_o convenient_a haven_n which_o be_v everywhere_o find_v upon_o the_o baltic_a shore_n all_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o country_n be_v easy_o export_v and_o foreign_a ware_n bring_v in_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v general_o strong-bodyed_a and_o long_o live_v adam_n brememsis_n in_o his_o description_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o europe_n tell_v we_o the_o prussian_n be_v grey-eyed_a and_o yellow-haired_a the_o same_o opinion_n the_o ancient_n have_v of_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n whence_o sidonius_n apollinaris_n speak_v of_o the_o heruli_n who_o doubtless_o come_v out_o of_o this_o country_n say_v hic_fw-la glaucis_fw-la herulus_fw-la genis_fw-la vagatur_fw-la imos_fw-la oceani_fw-la colens_fw-la recessus_fw-la algoso_n prope_fw-la concolor_fw-la profundo_fw-la and_o ausonius_n speak_v of_o bissula_n a_o swabish_a virgin_n take_v captive_a by_o the_o roman_n say_v of_o she_o sic_fw-la latiis_fw-la mutata_fw-la bonis_fw-la germana_n maneret_fw-la ut_fw-la facies_fw-la oculos_fw-la caerula_fw-la flava_fw-la comis_fw-la but_o since_o the_o prussian_n have_v mix_v themselves_o with_o other_o nation_n and_o admit_v of_o the_o modish_a luxury_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o european_a country_n they_o be_v neither_o so_o healthy_a nor_o of_o the_o same_o complexion_n as_o former_o the_o apparel_n of_o the_o prussian-gentry_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o though_o not_o altogether_o so_o gaudy_a as_o that_o of_o the_o more_o southern_a nation_n the_o rustic_n wear_v after_o the_o fashion_n of_o their_o forefather_n long_a and_o strait_a coat_n of_o course_n wool_n or_o leather_n it_o be_v reckon_v a_o argument_n of_o more_o than_o ordinary_a riches_n if_o a_o yeoman_n be_v able_a to_o purchase_v a_o holiday_n suit_n of_o course_n english_a cloth_n though_o the_o venedi_n as_o tacitus_n witness_n be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o scythian_a race_n that_o forsake_v their_o wagon_n which_o their_o ancestor_n be_v wont_a to_o live_v in_o and_o begin_v to_o build_v house_n yet_o their_o successor_n be_v not_o yet_o arrive_v at_o any_o great_a curiosity_n in_o architecture_n near_o the_o vistula_n indeed_o which_o be_v the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o venedi_n the_o house_n be_v magnificent_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o wooden_a hut_v which_o you_o meet_v with_o towards_o the_o wild_a confine_n of_o lithvania_n tacitus_n tell_v we_o the_o phenni_n who_o dwell_v in_o these_o part_n have_v no_o other_o shelter_n from_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o weather_n and_o wild_a beast_n than_o the_o bough_n of_o tree_n twist_v together_o and_o to_o this_o day_n the_o invention_n be_v not_o much_o improve_v for_o the_o rude_a commonalty_n have_v yet_o no_o other_o habitation_n than_o hovel_n make_v of_o stake_n interweave_v with_o rod_n and_o cover_v with_o earth_n at_o best_a a_o little_a fern_n the_o many_o incursion_n which_o have_v be_v make_v into_o this_o country_n upon_o the_o several_a late_a quarrel_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brandenburg_n with_o the_o polander_n and_o swede_n have_v force_v they_o to_o raise_v some_o castle_n and_o fortification_n of_o stone_n but_o otherwise_o a_o stone-house_n be_v as_o rare_a as_o a_o coat_n of_o english_a frieze_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o great_a advancement_n make_v in_o their_o lodging_n for_o the_o ancient_a prussian_n lie_v on_o the_o ground_n or_o sometime_o on_o the_o skin_n of_o beast_n and_o these_o sleep_n on_o straw_n they_o be_v natural_o content_a with_o spare_a diet_n and_o more_o give_v to_o sloth_n then_o gluttony_n or_o drunkenness_n the_o most_o ordinary_a food_n they_o have_v be_v fish_n their_o land_n abound_v with_o great_a store_n of_o river_n and_o lake_n to_o the_o number_n as_o they_o have_v be_v former_o reckon_v by_o some_o of_o their_o monk_n of_o two_o thousand_o thirty_o and_o seven_o they_o never_o use_v to_o eat_v herb_n or_o any_o manner_n of_o root_n before_o the_o teutonick_n order_n come_v among_o they_o so_o that_o it_o seem_v not_o so_o natural_a to_o man_n if_o we_o may_v judge_v of_o man_n nature_n by_o the_o action_n of_o these_o man_n who_o have_v never_o yet_o study_v luxury_n in_o variety_n of_o meat_n and_o drink_n to_o feed_v upon_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o aristotle_n in_o his_o economic_n will_v persuade_v we_o the_o drink_v use_v heretofore_o in_o prussia_n as_o well_o as_o the_o neighbour_a country_n be_v water_n mares-milk_n mix_v sometime_o with_o blood_n and_o mead._n this_o last_o be_v still_o much_o in_o use_n among_o they_o and_o make_v in_o such_o quantity_n that_o they_o can_v afford_v to_o send_v it_o into_o other_o nation_n from_o the_o german_n they_o have_v learn_v the_o art_n of_o brew_v beer_n they_o have_v be_v always_o and_o be_v still_o both_o man_n and_o woman_n much_o give_v to_o drunkenness_n seldom_o or_o never_o keep_v holiday_n without_o a_o fit_a of_o it_o and_o judge_v they_o have_v not_o make_v a_o friend_n welcome_a enough_o except_o the_o whole_a family_n be_v drink_v in_o the_o entertainment_n tractuum_fw-la borussia_n circum_fw-la gedanum_n et_fw-la elbingam_fw-la ab_fw-la incolis_fw-la werder_n appellati_fw-la cum_fw-la adiuncta_fw-la neringia_n nova_fw-la et_fw-la elaboratissima_fw-la delineatio_fw-la authore_fw-la olao_n joannis_n gotho_n 〈…〉_o to_o the_o â—orp_n william_n peachey_n esq_n of_o new_a grouâ—_n in_o sussex_n this_o map_n be_v hum_n bly_z dedicate_v the_o prussian_n as_o we_o have_v say_v have_v little_a or_o no_o knowledge_n of_o the_o use_n of_o money_n before_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n among_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1230._o these_o man_n come_v out_o of_o germany_n bring_v with_o they_o the_o coin_n of_o their_o country_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o piece_n of_o money_n the_o broad_a bohemian_a gross_n be_v long_a currant_n both_o in_o prussia_n and_o poland_n but_o not_o judge_v that_o small_a stock_n they_o have_v bring_v with_o they_o sufficient_a to_o furnish_v the_o country_n with_o
and_o charles_n ix_o who_o the_o swede_n have_v set_v up_o king_n in_o his_o place_n these_o gustavus_n adolphus_n continue_v and_o in_o they_o overrun_v almost_o all_o liefland_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1629_o a_o truce_n be_v make_v for_o six_o year_n upon_o these_o term_n that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n shall_v enjoy_v all_o he_o have_v win_v this_o truce_n be_v again_o renew_v for_o 26_o year_n more_o a.d._n 1635._o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o ambassador_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o whilst_o a_o great_a part_n of_o lithvania_n be_v lay_v waist_n by_o the_o moscovite_n charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n before_o the_o 26_o year_n be_v expire_v proclaim_a war_n against_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n allege_v among_o other_o thing_n as_o a_o reason_n for_o his_o proceed_n that_o the_o polish_v ambassador_n at_o stockholm_n have_v protest_v against_o his_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n at_o the_o beginning_n the_o fortune_n of_o the_o war_n go_v much_o on_o his_o side_n but_o within_o a_o short_a while_o the_o dane_n make_v incursion_n into_o sweden_n force_v he_o to_o quit_v poland_n and_o be_v more_o concern_v to_o defend_v what_o he_o have_v at_o home_n then_o to_o seek_v for_o new_a conquest_n abroad_o however_o the_o war_n still_o continue_v till_o a.d._n 1660._o when_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n gustavus_n peace_n be_v establish_v between_o the_o two_o kingdom_n at_o oliva_n a_o monastery_n near_o dantzic_n of_o which_o these_o be_v some_o of_o the_o article_n that_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n shall_v for_o ever_o renounce_v all_o pretension_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n and_o principality_n of_o finland_n that_o he_o shall_v only_o challenge_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o sweden_n for_o his_o life_n but_o not_o make_v use_n of_o it_o in_o any_o of_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o swedish_n king_n that_o he_o shall_v deliver_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n all_v that_o part_n of_o liefland_n which_o lie_v beyond_o the_o river_n duna_n and_o disclaim_v all_o right_a and_o title_n to_o esten_n and_o oesel_n and_o whatever_o on_o this_o side_n the_o duna_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n during_o the_o truce_n that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n shall_v still_o keep_v the_o southern_a liefland_n in_o which_o be_v reckon_v duneburg_n rositen_n luzen_n marienhusen_n etc._n etc._n this_o country_n be_v long_o subject_a to_o paganism_n and_o idolatry_n until_o about_o the_o year_n 1158_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v frequent_v by_o merchant_n from_o lubeck_n who_o get_v leave_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o build_v a_o small_a chapel_n in_o a_o island_n upon_o the_o duna_n thence_o call_v kircholm_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o christian_a worship_n afterward_o menard_n a_o monk_n of_o segeberg_n be_v consecrate_v bishop_n of_o liefland_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n and_o send_v over_o by_o the_o merchant_n to_o propagate_v christianity_n in_o these_o part_n his_o seat_n be_v at_o vxkel_n a_o small_a village_n upon_o the_o duna_n not_o far_o from_o riga_n bertholdus_n a_o monk_n of_o bremen_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n paul_n succeed_v he_o in_o his_o bishopric_n he_o be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o riga_n whither_o he_o remove_v his_o see_n but_o live_v not_o long_o to_o enjoy_v it_o there_o for_o endeavour_v to_o promote_v christianity_n more_o by_o the_o sword_n than_o spirit_n he_o be_v overcome_v and_o slay_v by_o the_o pagan_n albertus_n bertholdus_n immediate_a successor_n fortify_v riga_n and_o make_v it_o a_o city_n that_o do_v he_o join_v himself_o to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sword_n bearer_n a_o order_n of_o knighthood_n confirm_v by_o pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o about_o the_o year_n 1204_o hope_v thereby_o to_o be_v better_a able_a than_o his_o predecessor_n have_v be_v to_o oppose_v the_o rage_n of_o the_o heathen_a not_o long_o after_o when_o this_o order_n be_v change_v into_o the_o teutonic_n order_n the_o bishop_n of_o riga_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o society_n subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n of_o prussia_n the_o master_n of_o which_o have_v power_n give_v he_o to_o appoint_v a_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o prussian_a bishop_n of_o culm_n pomesen_n and_o sambland_n do_v though_o not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o advance_v the_o power_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o riga_n make_v he_o a_o archbishop_n and_o themselves_o his_o suffragans_fw-la only_o the_o bishop_n of_o warm_a as_o have_v never_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n will_v not_o yield_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o member_n of_o the_o province_n of_o riga_n in_o this_o state_n the_o church_n of_o liefland_n continue_v for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1513_o william_n plettenberg_n the_o xli_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n buy_v off_o all_o homage_n to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n in_o prussia_n and_o be_v himself_o make_v absolute_a prince_n of_o liefland_n his_o successor_n live_v and_o enjoy_v their_o dominion_n in_o peace_n till_o the_o day_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n but_o afterward_o what_o with_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a war_n and_o the_o continual_a incursion_n of_o the_o moscovite_n polander_n swede_n and_o dane_n the_o country_n be_v bring_v to_o be_v a_o mere_a medley_n of_o man_n and_o religion_n at_o this_o day_n those_o part_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o dane_n and_o swede_n do_v general_o profess_v the_o lutheran_n religion_n most_o of_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n adhere_v to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n though_o some_o be_v lutheran_n in_o some_o part_n of_o esten_n the_o poor_a ignorant_a rustic_n be_v half_a pagan_n liefland_n be_v former_o divide_v into_o two_o part_n only_o let_v and_o esten_n to_o which_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sword_n bearer_n add_v curland_n some_o have_v divide_v the_o whole_a country_n into_o six_o part_n curland_n semigal_n esten_n let_v harland_n and_o virland_n but_o semigal_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o province_n of_o curland_n and_o harland_n and_o virland_n part_n of_o esten_n of_o these_o curland_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o its_o own_o duke_n who_o nevertheless_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n some_o part_n also_o of_o let_v which_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o south_n liefland_n be_v since_o the_o treaty_n at_o oliva_n in_o that_o king_n possession_n the_o curoni_n ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o curland_n and_o semigal_n be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o caryones_n mention_v by_o ptolomey_n there_o be_v not_o far_o from_o windaw_n a_o small_a village_n which_o still_o bear_v their_o memory_n in_o its_o name_n be_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o this_o day_n call_v curon_n the_o most_o notable_a place_n in_o it_o be_v 1._o mitaw_fw-mi the_o seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n mauss_n take_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o but_o restore_v a.d._n 1629._o the_o town_n be_v but_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a but_o the_o castle_n magnificent_o rebuilt_a by_o some_o of_o the_o late_a duke_n 2._o windaw_n or_o winden_n as_o the_o german_n write_v it_o though_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v it_o kies_n seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n windaw_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n here_o former_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n afterward_o the_o general_a parliament_n or_o great_a council_n of_o curland_n have_v their_o session_n in_o this_o city_n which_o make_v it_o exceed_o populous_a at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v little_a appearance_n of_o its_o ancient_a splendour_n nor_o be_v it_o frequent_v by_o any_o but_o a_o few_o dutch_a merchant_n who_o be_v here_o lade_v with_o tar_n pitch_n and_o wax_n it_o be_v a_o mistake_n very_o ordinary_a among_o the_o historian_n that_o write_v of_o this_o country_n to_o confound_v this_o city_n with_o wenden_n in_o let_v tell_v we_o that_o this_o too_o be_v call_v by_o the_o polander_v kies_n and_o the_o old_a dutch_a sea-cart_n mention_v a_o kind_n of_o castle_n with_o three_o tower_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o windaw_n but_o never_o take_v notice_n of_o of_o any_o sea-port-town_n in_o this_o place_n 3._o pilten_a or_o piltyn_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o curland_n build_v by_o waldemar_n king_n of_o denmark_n a.d._n 1219._o the_o southern_a or_o polish_v liefland_n contain_v only_o a_o few_o small_a town_n or_o village_n among_o which_o there_o be_v nothing_o worth_a take_v notice_n of_o but_o duneburg_n a_o castle_n as_o its_o name_n intimate_v seat_v on_o the_o river_n duna_n volhinia_n podolia_n etc._n etc._n though_o the_o polish_v dominion_n reach_v former_o a_o considerable_a
still_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o that_o time_n the_o polander_n begin_v to_o sleight_n and_o hate_v the_o silesian_n seldom_o call_v any_o of_o the_o silesian_n nobility_n to_o council_n of_o parliament_n and_o balk_v the_o right_a succession_n if_o any_o of_o this_o province_n have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n these_o jealousy_n and_o quarrel_n be_v foment_v and_o increase_v by_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o by_o this_o mean_v whedle_v the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n into_o his_o yoke_n and_o afterward_o force_v casimir_n the_o great_a to_o resign_v the_o supreme_a government_n of_o that_o province_n into_o his_o hand_n after_o this_o the_o pole_n though_o they_o have_v frequent_a skirmish_n with_o the_o bohemian_o yet_o never_o regain_v any_o considerable_a foot_n in_o silesia_n for_o except_v the_o small_a territory_n of_o wschovia_n retake_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a a.d._n 1343_o and_o some_o other_o parcel_n of_o ground_n annex_v to_o the_o estate_n of_o several_a bishopric_n and_o abbey_n in_o poland_n silesia_n be_v at_o present_a whole_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n lusatia_n be_v once_o conquer_v by_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n but_o soon_o after_o lose_v again_o lusâ—â—â—â—_n lusâ—â—â—â—_n for_o though_o when_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n subdue_v silesia_n lusatia_n be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o that_o country_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o so_o continue_v yet_o the_o polander_n claim_v no_o more_o of_o it_o as_o lord_n of_o silesia_n than_o a_o few_o frontier_n town_n the_o rest_n be_v under_o the_o marquess_n of_o misnia_n and_o lusatia_n prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o goldastus_n prove_v it_o be_v without_o all_o authority_n of_o annal_n what_o some_o of_o the_o polish_v writer_n have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v out_o by_o etymology_n maâ—â—â—_n neâ—_n maâ—â—â—_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n that_o new_a marck_n indeed_o or_o at_o least_o a_o good_a share_n of_o it_o be_v they_o be_v beyond_o all_o controversy_n since_o as_o the_o best_a historian_n witness_v miecislaus_fw-la or_o miscio_n the_o first_o christian_a duke_n of_o poland_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n first_o found_v the_o bishopric_n of_o lubuss_n this_o city_n be_v take_v from_o the_o polander_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o second_o but_o recover_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o first_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o successor_n keep_v it_o till_o the_o year_n 1109_o when_o it_o be_v again_o take_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n v_n who_o give_v it_o to_o adelgot_v archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n but_o soon_o after_o it_o return_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o pole_n when_o silesia_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v divide_v among_o the_o son_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o second_o the_o territory_n of_o lubuss_n devolve_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o silesian_n duke_n whence_o it_o happen_v within_o a_o short_a while_n after_o to_o be_v make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n cromer_n say_v it_o be_v mortgage_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o bald_a and_o never_o redeem_v but_o dlugossus_n ad_fw-la ann_n 1198._o tell_v we_o it_o be_v sell_v by_o boleslaus_n son_n to_o henry_n duke_n of_o vratislavia_n from_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v have_v very_o little_a to_o do_v in_o new_a marck_n and_o at_o present_a have_v not_o one_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o it_o vladislaus_n jagello_n bring_v it_o whole_o under_o his_o power_n but_o his_o son_n find_v it_o too_o hot_a service_n for_o he_o to_o keep_v it_o and_o be_v therefore_o fain_o to_o resign_v it_o up_o to_o the_o marquis_n john_n casimir_n their_o late_a king_n part_v with_o the_o last_o stake_n by_o deliver_v up_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o drahim_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o the_o treaty_n at_o bydgost_n in_o the_o year_n 1657._o that_o the_o slavonian_n be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n be_v undeniable_o true_a …_o pom_n …_o pomorska_n in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n signify_v near_o the_o sea_n whence_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n a_o ancient_a and_o judicious_a polish_v writer_n use_v frequent_o the_o word_n maritima_n for_o pomeren_n and_o speak_v of_o this_o country_n these_o phrase_n be_v ordinary_a with_o he_o maritimae_n praeses_fw-la maritimae_n dux_n ingressus_fw-la est_fw-la maritimam_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o whether_o or_o no_o the_o polander_n be_v master_n of_o pomeren_n immediate_o upon_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o slavoniaus_n be_v a_o grand_a question_n which_o the_o pole_n affirm_v but_o the_o pomeranian_o deny_v and_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n between_o they_o helmoldus_n agree_v as_o it_o shall_v seem_v with_o the_o latter_a place_n pomeren_n among_o the_o free_a slavonian_a province_n lie_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n and_o before_o his_o day_n adam_n bremensis_n give_v we_o the_o same_o account_n micraelius_n a_o historian_n of_o good_a credit_n lib._n 2._o chron._n pomer_n num_fw-la 46._o p._n 191._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o first_o entrance_n which_o the_o polander_n make_v upon_o pomeren_n be_v in_o the_o ten_o century_n when_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o authorize_v boleslaus_n chrobri_n king_n of_o poland_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o and_o bring_v into_o his_o subjection_n the_o prussian_n pomeranians_n wendi_n and_o russian_n which_o do_v the_o emperor_n at_o a_o visit_n give_v king_n boleslaus_n make_v the_o bishop_n of_o colberg_n a_o suffragan_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o eleven_o century_n miecislaus_fw-la ii_o spread_v his_o dominion_n all_o over_o casubia_n and_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n put_v garrison_n into_o all_o the_o fort_n and_o castle_n between_o the_o persandt_n and_o the_o vistula_n and_o commit_v the_o government_n of_o they_o to_o bela_n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n brother_n but_o upon_o bela_n return_n into_o hungary_n pomeren_n shake_v off_o the_o polish_v yoke_n and_o only_o be_v subject_n to_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o till_o svantibor_n surrender_v it_o again_o to_o boleslaus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v free_v he_o from_o prison_n to_o which_o his_o own_o subject_n have_v commit_v he_o after_o svantibors_n death_n the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v divide_v among_o his_o four_o son_n whereof_o two_o who_o be_v duke_n of_o the_o western_a pomeren_n from_o colberg_n as_o far_o as_o the_o marck_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburgh_n be_v admit_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o frederick_n barbarossa_n the_o other_o two_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v themselves_o subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o the_o pomeranian_o soon_o weary_a of_o bondage_n revolt_v once_o more_o from_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o perhaps_o have_v for_o ever_o reject_v his_o government_n have_v not_o mestwin_n their_o duke_n want_v issue_n endeavour_v to_o subject_v they_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n for_o look_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n as_o mere_a stranger_n be_v indeed_o three_o part_n of_o they_o german_n they_o choose_v rather_o to_o give_v themselves_o up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o acquaintance_n then_o to_o be_v slave_n to_o a_o upstart_n and_o foreign_a nation_n whereupon_o they_o unanimous_o swear_v fealty_n to_o praemislaus_fw-la ii_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o quarter_v his_o coat_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n the_o gryphin_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n become_v sole_a lord_n of_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n in_o the_o year_n 1460_o casimir_n jagellonides_n straighten_a in_o the_o war_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o against_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o prussia_n commit_v the_o city_n and_o castle_n of_o lavenburgh_n and_o bouta_n to_o the_o trust_n of_o eric_n ii_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n who_o successor_n george_n son_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la x._o and_o nephew_n to_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n have_v these_o city_n confirm_v to_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n upon_o condition_n of_o pay_v some_o sleight_n acknowledgement_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o these_o term_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n renew_v his_o title_n to_o these_o place_n after_o the_o usual_a fashion_n by_o his_o ambassador_n in_o the_o year_n 1670._o what_o right_a the_o polander_n have_v at_o this_o day_n in_o prussia_n we_o have_v show_v before_o but_o former_o their_o pretension_n be_v much_o great_a than_o now_o sometime_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n lord_v it_o over_o the_o prussian_n and_o make_v the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_v his_o vicegerent_n but_o in_o the_o treaty_n make_v between_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n and_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o the_o
trade_n 5._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d north_n or_o north-east_n of_o sudermannia_n lie_v the_o province_n of_o vpland_n so_o call_v from_o its_o situation_n in_o the_o country_n or_o as_o some_o say_v from_o king_n vbbon_n who_o reign_v here_o it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n side_n by_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o lake_n meller_n on_o the_o west_n and_o north_n by_o the_o river_n see_v and_o dalecarle_n this_o country_n afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o corn_n with_o which_o it_o supply_v the_o neighbour_a province_n some_o few_o mine_n it_o have_v of_o lead_n and_o iron_n especial_o some_o also_o of_o silver_n though_o not_o dig_v it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o land_n or_o as_o the_o swede_n call_v they_o folk-land_n 1._o tihundria_n which_o lie_v most_o northerly_a of_o any_o and_o take_v its_o name_n from_o ten_o prefecture_n or_o hundred_o into_o which_o it_o be_v share_v out_o 2._o athundria_n lie_v betwixt_o vpsal_n and_o stockholm_n so_o call_v because_o it_o contain_v eight_o prefecture_n 3._o fiedrundria_n which_o take_v its_o name_n from_o four_o prefecture_n into_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v in_o it_o be_v the_o city_n enkope_v four_o league_n from_o vpsal_n and_o seven_o from_o stockholm_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v as_o peculiar_a to_o this_o province_n that_o it_o as_o the_o county_n in_o england_n be_v share_v out_o into_o several_a prefecture_n or_o hundred_o as_o erling-hundrat_a etc._n etc._n each_o of_o they_o contain_v at_o first_o one_o hundred_o family_n all_o two_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o which_o be_v not_o observe_v in_o other_o province_n but_o their_o division_n be_v call_v harodh_n har_n signify_v a_o army_n and_o odh_n a_o possession_n all_o which_o at_o first_o be_v supply_v with_o inhabitant_n from_o this_o province_n of_o vpland_n for_o when_o family_n increase_v above_o their_o hundred_o some_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o army_n be_v single_v out_o and_o list_v to_o go_v and_o people_n or_o rather_o subdue_v other_o part_n of_o the_o country_n wherefore_o these_o man_n settle_v in_o other_o province_n call_v the_o place_n where_o they_o first_o sit_v down_o the_o possession_n of_o such_o a_o colony_n or_o army_n as_o daga-harodh_a lystugn-harodh_a etc._n etc._n in_o this_o province_n be_v five_o city_n 1._o encope_a where_o be_v former_o a_o monastery_n of_o minorite_n 2._o sigtunia_n so_o call_v from_o siggo_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o found_v it_o here_o be_v ancient_o a_o monastery_n of_o dominican_n the_o bury_a place_n of_o some_o of_o their_o archbishop_n 3._o oregrundia_n or_o oregrund_n a_o rich_a &_o populous_a city_n abound_v with_o corn_n &_o several_a sort_n of_o merchandise_n because_o of_o the_o commodiousness_n of_o the_o port._n 4._o vpsal_n the_o most_o ancient_a and_o most_o famous_a vpsal_n vpsal_n city_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n it_o take_v its_o name_n say_v johannes_n magnus_n from_o vbbon_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o found_v it_o about_o the_o year_n after_o the_o flood_n 240_o but_o as_o other_o from_o its_o situation_n upon_o the_o river_n sala_n here_o be_v former_o the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n for_o which_o reason_n as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o city_n one_o of_o their_o title_n be_v vpsala-konung_a i.e._n king_n of_o vpsal_n here_o be_v also_o the_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a and_o the_o seat_n of_o their_o only_a archbishop_n continue_v to_o it_o to_o this_o day_n fortify_v it_o be_v by_o one_o only_a castle_n build_v after_o the_o modern_a not_o ancient_a gothick_n fashion_n upon_o a_o high_a hill_n some_o small_a distance_n from_o the_o city_n overlook_v and_o command_v the_o whole_a town_n begin_v by_o ericus_n continue_v by_o king_n john_n and_o perfect_v by_o charles_n gustavus_n the_o first_o in_o this_o city_n be_v the_o metropolitan_a church_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n cover_v upon_o the_o roof_n as_o be_v most_o of_o the_o chief_a building_n with_o copper_n adorn_v with_o a_o artificial_a clock_n and_o honour_v with_o the_o monument_n of_o several_a of_o their_o king_n ericus_n the_o saint_n be_v say_v to_o lie_v bury_v here_o in_o a_o golden_a coffin_n gustavus_n adolphus_n also_o have_v his_o tomb_n in_o this_o church_n upon_o which_o the_o whole_a history_n of_o his_o life_n be_v inscribe_v in_o large_a golden_a character_n here_o be_v also_o the_o only_a university_n they_o have_v in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n begin_v at_o first_o say_v some_o ann._n 1248_o under_o ericus_n balbus_n xi_o by_o a_o college_n of_o only_o four_o professor_n or_o as_o loccenius_n will_v have_v it_o about_o the_o year_n 1306_o under_o one_o andrea_n precedent_n of_o the_o say_a college_n who_o keep_v a_o free_a table_n for_o chorister_n and_o poor_a scholar_n to_o assist_v in_o the_o choir_n but_o now_o by_o the_o care_n of_o some_o of_o their_o late_a king_n advance_v into_o a_o famous_a university_n an._n 1476_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o steno_n stir_v senior_n pope_n sixtus_n iv_o give_v it_o the_o same_o privilege_n with_o bononia_n an._n 1595_o charles_n then_o king_n endow_v it_o with_o several_a immunity_n and_o revenue_n by_o his_o royal_a patent_n which_o say_v messenius_n be_v in_o the_o year_n 1608_o upon_o some_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o calvinist_n and_o lutheran_n fraudulent_o get_v from_o it_o which_o if_o so_o yet_o probable_o that_o prince_n who_o favour_v the_o reformer_n so_o much_o do_v restore_v it_o to_o the_o university_n of_o this_o see_v loccenius_n hist_o suec_fw-la lib._n 8._o pag._n 474._o an._n 1624._o in_o the_o time_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n it_o be_v most_o considerable_o augment_v that_o king_n settle_v upon_o the_o university_n 306_o manor_n 8_o granary_n of_o tithe_n 4_o mill_n and_o 30_o demesne_n out_o of_o his_o own_o crown_n revenue_n free_a from_o all_o tax_n and_o imposition_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o more_o professor_n and_o poor_a scholar_n command_v that_o the_o chief_a rector_n shall_v be_v elect_v by_o the_o professor_n that_o one_o of_o these_o shall_v read_v a_o public_a lecture_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n continue_v at_o present_a only_o in_o the_o wintertime_n that_o the_o scholar_n shall_v live_v peaceable_o sober_o and_o mind_v their_o own_o affair_n not_o meddle_v with_o state_n matter_n that_o none_o of_o they_o shall_v as_o they_o have_v former_o do_v wear_v sword_n or_o carry_v arm_n this_o university_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n iii_o 1592._o be_v remove_v hence_o to_o stockholm_n but_o that_o place_n be_v find_v for_o several_a reason_n inconvenient_a it_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n remand_v to_o vpsal_n a_o library_n they_o have_v well_o store_v with_o book_n a_o considerable_a part_n of_o which_o be_v give_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n an._n 1631_o which_o he_o in_o his_o expedition_n against_o germany_n take_v out_o of_o the_o library_n of_o wurtzburg_n and_o other_o place_n to_o this_o city_n there_o ancient_o do_v belong_v several_a land_n and_o revenue_n by_o the_o title_n of_o vpsala_n oedom_n or_o the_o patrimony_n of_o vpsal_n give_v by_o freius_n surname_v pacificus_fw-la one_o of_o their_o ancient_a king_n out_o of_o his_o own_o hereditary_a land_n as_o a_o public_a stock_n which_o patrimony_n be_v embezele_v by_o those_o man_n that_o have_v the_o managery_n of_o it_o and_o for_o many_o year_n no_o account_n give_v an._n 1282_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o magnus_n i._o surname_v ladulaus_n it_o be_v order_v in_o council_n that_o these_o public_a land_n shall_v be_v seek_v after_o and_o reunite_v to_o the_o crown_n or_o some_o other_o way_n find_v to_o maintain_v the_o grandeur_n of_o the_o court_n the_o land_n by_o reason_n of_o long_a alienation_n can_v not_o be_v regain_v wherefore_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o in_o lieu_n of_o they_o all_o the_o revenue_n of_o fish_v in_o the_o finnick_n and_o bothnick_a bay_n the_o lake_n meller_n and_o all_o other_o lake_n and_o river_n within_o the_o king_n dominion_n as_o also_o of_o all_o mine_n of_o what_o metal_n soever_o shall_v over_o and_o above_o the_o land-tax_n whole_o and_o entire_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n this_o city_n be_v ancient_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o their_o heathenish_a worship_n their_o ancient_a manner_n of_o worship_n as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a of_o their_o christian_a worship_n wherefore_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o here_o to_o treat_v as_o well_o of_o their_o ancient_a superstition_n as_o of_o their_o present_a true_a religion_n the_o heathenish_a deity_n to_o which_o they_o pay_v their_o devotion_n be_v thor_n oden_n and_o freia_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v come_v out_o of_o asia_n into_o this_o country_n and_o be_v though_o under_o divers_a name_n worship_v by_o most_o of_o the_o scandian_o thor_n so_o call_v from_o the_o assyrian_a word_n there_z or_o thurra_n i.e._n powerful_a have_v a_o temple_n
the_o swedish_n nation_n have_v make_v a_o law_n among_o his_o subject_n that_o if_o any_o of_o they_o kill_v or_o injure_v a_o swede_n he_o shall_v pay_v only_o half_a the_o mulct_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v if_o he_o have_v do_v the_o like_a to_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o 33._o atislus_n a_o warlike_a and_o magnificent_a king_n 34._o hotherus_fw-la who_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o dane_n and_o russes_z and_o die_v of_o a_o wound_n he_o receive_v in_o battle_n 35._o rodericus_fw-la king_n of_o denmark_n and_o swedland_n at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o either_o leave_v or_o lose_v the_o former_a he_o retire_v into_o the_o latter_a and_o there_o end_v his_o day_n 36._o attilus_n who_o kill_v wermundus_n king_n of_o denmark_n in_o single_a duel_n and_o be_v himself_o afterward_o slay_v by_o wermundus_n two_o son_n after_o this_o king_n time_n the_o succession_n for_o about_o 600_o year_n be_v much_o interrupt_v who_o enjoy_v the_o kingdom_n be_v uncertain_a botvildus_n charles_n two_o ericus_n two_o and_o six_o more_o be_v mention_v but_o little_o more_o know_v of_o they_o than_o their_o name_n he_o who_o historian_n first_o pitch_n upon_o to_o have_v certain_o succeed_v be_v 46._o alricus_n who_o challenge_v gestiblindus_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n to_o duel_n thereby_o lose_v both_o his_o life_n and_o kingdom_n 47._o ericus_n iii_n surname_v the_o wise_a and_o by_o some_o the_o eloquent_a a_o happy_a and_o peaceable_a prince_n he_o reign_v according_a to_o johannes_n magnus_n computation_n about_o four_o and_o thirty_o year_n before_o our_o saviour_n birth_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o gothish_a king_n who_o reign_v short_o after_o their_o transmigration_n out_o of_o scandia_n while_o they_o dwell_v about_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n near_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trojan_a war_n collect_v out_o of_o wolf_n lazius_n upon_o who_o credit_n you_o be_v to_o take_v they_o 1._o telephus_n well_o know_v for_o his_o exploit_n in_o the_o trojan_a war._n 2._o bericus_n or_o beget_n 3._o filimar_n 4._o frogradus_fw-la 5._o aringis_fw-la 6._o eurypilus_n 7._o tomyris_n 8._o antriregus_n after_o this_o succession_n of_o king_n in_o scythia_n europea_n the_o goth_n either_o weary_a of_o that_o country_n or_o drive_v out_o of_o it_o by_o some_o of_o their_o potent_a neighbour_n be_v say_v by_o the_o same_o author_n though_o i_o find_v not_o his_o opinion_n second_v by_o any_o swedish_n writer_n to_o have_v return_v into_o gothia_n and_o particular_o to_o have_v pitch_v upon_o the_o isle_n gotland_n as_o the_o fit_a seat_n for_o their_o king_n a_o long_a series_n of_o who_o may_v seem_v not_o very_o necessary_a to_o be_v set_v down_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o same_o with_o the_o swedish_n king_n before_o mention_v 48._o haldanus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o hunns_n overrun_v gothia_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o king_n dominion_n build_v hunnaberg_n a_o ancient_a city_n in_o ostrogothia_a and_o after_o some_o continuance_n in_o the_o country_n be_v by_o this_o king_n at_o last_o utter_o expel_v 49._o sivardus_fw-la or_o sigvardus_fw-la in_o who_o time_n commotion_n arise_v in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o goth_n elect_v a_o separate_a king_n of_o their_o own_o name_v carolus_n who_o some_o make_v to_o be_v 50._o charles_n iii_o 51._o ericus_n iv_o slay_v by_o haldanus_n king_n of_o denmark_n 52._o haldanus_n who_o get_v the_o kingdom_n by_o his_o valour_n of_o this_o king_n be_v report_v several_a prodigious_a story_n as_o of_o his_o gigantic_a stature_n his_o pull_v up_o tree_n by_o the_o root_n and_o such_o like_a not_o inferior_a to_o those_o which_o poet_n relate_v of_o hercules_n and_o the_o giant_n 53._o vngvinus_n who_o to_o his_o own_o kingdom_n unite_v gothia_n for_o a_o long_a time_n govern_v by_o distinct_a king_n 54._o ragvaldus_n or_o regnaldus_n 55._o amundus_n 56._o haquinus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o goth_n elect_v one_o sivardo_fw-la king_n of_o gothia_n 57_o ostenus_fw-la i._n who_o entertain_v a_o implacable_a hatred_n against_o the_o norwegian_n send_v a_o great_a army_n against_o they_o subdue_v their_o country_n make_v the_o inhabitant_n tributary_n to_o the_o swedish_n crown_n and_o as_o a_o opprobrium_fw-la to_o the_o nation_n set_v a_o dog_n to_o be_v chief_a governor_n over_o they_o to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v all_o subjection_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o lose_v one_o hand_n and_o one_o foot_n this_o be_v mention_v both_o in_o the_o swedish_n and_o norwegian_a chronicle_n 58._o alverus_n or_o alaricus_n elect_v say_v krantzius_n out_o of_o the_o noble_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o happy_a reign_n stab_v by_o his_o brother_n ericus_n who_o be_v impatient_a to_o obtain_v the_o crown_n which_o he_o think_v he_o may_v procure_v after_o his_o death_n but_o vain_o for_o the_o government_n be_v confer_v on_o 59_o ingo_n i._o elder_a son_n to_o alverus_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o order_v the_o election_n of_o king_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o moresten_n near_o vpsal_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o which_o see_v what_o be_v say_v in_o suecia_n about_o this_o time_n the_o kingdom_n be_v govern_v by_o judge_n the_o next_o king_n be_v 60._o ingellus_fw-la i._n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n 61._o germunder_o in_o a_o war_n against_o denmark_n take_v prisoner_n and_o hang_v up_o upon_o a_o gibbet_n 62._o haquinus_n 63._o egellus_n after_o who_o time_n succeed_v several_a king_n johannes_n magnus_n reckon_v twenty_o concern_v who_o nothing_o very_o remarkable_a be_v set_v down_o by_o historian_n the_o next_o great_a epocha_n be_v count_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o 84._o bero_n or_o biorno_n iii_o the_o first_o christian_a king_n in_o sweden_n convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o one_o herebretus_n at_o his_o request_n send_v to_o he_o by_o charles_n the_o great_a emperor_n of_o germany_n 85._o brautamundus_n or_o amundus_n in_o some_o civil_a commotion_n in_o his_o kingdom_n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n and_o successor_n 86._o sivardus_fw-la ii_o who_o in_o his_o expedition_n against_o norway_n be_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n overcome_v in_o battle_n the_o enemy_n force_n most_o consist_v of_o woman_n 87._o herotus_fw-la or_o haraldus_n betwixt_o who_o and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n a_o war_n break_v out_o concern_v the_o province_n of_o schonen_fw-mi which_o this_o king_n at_o last_o free_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o his_o signal_n prudence_n and_o valour_n 89._o charles_n vi._n 90._o biorno_n iu._n 91._o ingellus_fw-la ii_o in_o who_o time_n helsingia_n and_o several_a other_o province_n in_o suecia_n have_v their_o distinct_a governor_n these_o he_o under_o colour_n of_o friendship_n invite_v to_o a_o banquet_n and_o when_o he_o have_v make_v they_o drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n he_o cause_v a_o fire_n to_o be_v set_v on_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v and_o so_o destroy_v they_o all_o and_o seize_v on_o their_o possession_n to_o revenge_v this_o cruelty_n gramus_fw-la duke_n of_o sudermannia_n and_o hauno_n duke_n of_o ostrogothia_a raise_v force_n and_o come_v against_o he_o but_o with_o no_o good_a success_n at_o last_o for_o under_o pretence_n of_o a_o parley_n they_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o at_o ingellus_n command_n burn_v to_o death_n 92._o olaus_n from_o his_o command_v many_o thick_a wood_n to_o be_v cut_v down_o surname_v tratelia_n or_o tree-feller_n he_o be_v say_v by_o some_o to_o have_v embrace_v christianity_n at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o ansgarius_n a_o learned_a bishop_n send_v into_o sweden_n by_o lewis_n ii_o emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o though_o he_o himself_o perhaps_o do_v favour_v christian_a religion_n it_o get_v small_a foot_n among_o his_o subject_n for_o paganism_n be_v say_v for_o a_o long_a time_n to_o have_v prevail_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o succeed_a prince_n 93._o ingo_n ii_o 94._o ericus_n vi_o surname_v windy-cap_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v a_o cap_n by_o hold_v up_o of_o which_o he_o can_v cause_v the_o wind_n to_o blow_v from_o what_o point_v he_o please_v for_o which_o and_o such_o like_a magical_a exploit_n he_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n be_v elect_v king_n 95._o ericus_n vii_o surname_v victorious_a 96._o ericus_n viii_o surname_v aarsel_n i.e._n rich_a in_o corn._n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v countenance_v christianity_n which_o have_v be_v from_o the_o time_n of_o bero_n till_o his_o reign_n very_o much_o suppress_v and_o endeavour_v by_o law_n to_o establish_v it_o in_o his_o kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v by_o the_o fury_n of_o his_o subject_n tear_v in_o piece_n and_o martyr_v for_o his_o good_a intention_n towards_o they_o 97._o olaus_n surname_v scotkonung_n i.e._n infant-king_n because_o advance_v to_o the_o crown_n when_o young_a he_o embrace_v christianity_n and_o send_v to_o ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n to_o furnish_v he_o with_o able_a minister_n
and_o set_v up_o a_o government_n for_o himself_o in_o this_o province_n and_o helsingia_n which_o lie_v northward_o in_o suecia_n proper_o so_o call_v have_v on_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o medelpadia_n on_o the_o west_n the_o dofrine_a mountain_n on_o the_o north_n angermannia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n part_n of_o helsingia_n and_o medelpadia_n this_o province_n do_v ancient_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n though_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o olaus_n scotkonung_n it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v revolt_v from_o olaus_n crassus_n then_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o become_v tributary_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n in_o the_o year_n 1613_o by_o a_o peace_n conclude_v between_o the_o northern_a crown_n it_o be_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n yield_v up_o to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n but_o a._n 1642_o repossess_v by_o the_o swede_n pontanus_n in_o his_o map_n of_o scandia_n reckon_v up_o some_o place_n of_o note_n in_o it_o viz._n alsne_n ronvere_n aus_n lidh_n hamer-dal_a vndersaker_n oviken_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o olaus_n magnus_n this_o province_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o vpsal_n near_o a_o small_a village_n in_o this_o country_n there_o be_v say_v messenius_n several_a large_a stone_n with_o gothick_n inscription_n which_o be_v a_o prophesy_n of_o what_o for_o the_o future_a will_v befall_v the_o scandian_o 5._o herrndalia_n herrndalia_n herrndalia_n call_v by_o pontanus_n herdalia_n and_o by_o most_o author_n reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o helsingia_n contain_v the_o territory_n of_o nomedal_n hellegeland_n frostena_n indera_fw-la heroa_fw-la with_o some_o other_o all_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o diocese_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o nidrosia_n and_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o finnic_a and_o bothnic_a bay_n and_o the_o swedish_n island_n contain_v in_o they_o the_o baltic_a sea_n sea_n the_o baltic_a sea_n so_o call_v say_v pontanus_n from_o the_o saxon_a and_o english_a word_n belt_n because_o it_o encompass_v the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o belt_n or_o girdle_n or_o as_o jornandes_n will_v have_v it_o from_o baltia_n or_o basilia_n i_o e._n queen_n of_o island_n the_o ancient_a greek_a name_n of_o scandia_n or_o scandinavia_n or_o as_o adam_n bremensis_n be_v of_o opinion_n from_o the_o wisogoth_n who_o inhabit_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o it_o usual_o call_v balt_n i_o e._n a_o stout_a and_o valiant_a people_n be_v the_o large_a of_o any_o sea_n in_o europe_n except_o the_o mediterranean_a contain_v in_o it_o five_o and_o thirty_o island_n of_o considerable_a bigness_n beside_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o lesser_a note_n the_o whole_a bay_n as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n be_v call_v by_o mela_n sinus_n codanus_n q._n gothanus_fw-la or_o gothicus_fw-la from_o gothia_n that_o border_n upon_o it_o or_o caudanus_n from_o cauda_fw-la because_o it_o come_v from_o the_o main_a ocean_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o tail_n of_o a_o beast_n by_o strabo_n the_o venedic_n bay_n from_o the_o venedae_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n who_o live_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o it_o and_o by_o the_o dane_n and_o swede_n the_o oost-zee_n because_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o eric_n eigod_n king_n of_o denmark_n the_o dane_n who_o go_v pilgrimage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n use_v to_o pass_v into_o russia_n and_o the_o eastern_a part_n by_o this_o sea_n it_o begin_v at_o the_o narrow_a place_n call_v the_o sund_n and_o interlace_v the_o country_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n germany_n and_o some_o part_n of_o poland_n extend_v itself_o to_o livonia_n and_o lithvania_n it_o either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o passage_n by_o which_o the_o ocean_n flow_v into_o it_o or_o because_o of_o its_o northerly_a situation_n whereby_o the_o celestial_a influence_n have_v less_o power_n over_o it_o never_o ebb_v nor_o flow_v from_o the_o several_a country_n and_o place_n that_o it_o wash_v it_o have_v diverse_a name_n give_v it_o and_o be_v distinguish_v into_o different_a bay_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v 1._o bay_n the_o bothnic_a bay_n the_o bothnic_a bay_n count_v from_o the_o island_n alandia_n northward_o to_o the_o river_n kimi_n which_o fall_v into_o it_o at_o the_o very_o further_a cape_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o both_o signify_v in_o the_o swedish_n language_n a_o fenny_a country_n or_o a_o land_n overflow_v with_o water_n 2._o bay_n the_o finnic_a bay_n the_o finnic_a bay_n so_o call_v from_o the_o principality_n of_o finland_n which_o it_o water_n some_o will_v have_v the_o sinus_n venedicus_n of_o strabo_n and_o the_o mare_n amalchium_n of_o pliny_n particular_o to_o denote_v this_o bay_n the_o swedish_n island_n in_o this_o sea_n concern_v those_o that_o be_v under_o the_o danish_a power_n see_v denmark_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o most_o southerly_a first_o be_v 1._o rugen_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o pomeren_n give_v to_o the_o swede_n by_o the_o great_a treaty_n of_o peace_n at_o munster_n and_o osnaburg_n a._n d._n 1649._o of_o which_o consult_v the_o volume_n of_o germany_n 2._o bornholm_n be_v situate_a more_o northward_o than_o rugen_n and_o lie_v opposite_a to_o blekingia_n it_o have_v one_o city_n in_o it_o name_v santwyk_n and_o thirty-two_a small_a village_n this_o island_n be_v by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n hold_v at_o copenhagen_n a._n d._n 1660_o give_v up_o to_o the_o dane_n under_o certain_a condition_n of_o which_o mention_n be_v make_v in_o denmark_n 3._o huena_n or_o hueen_n a_o very_a small_a island_n in_o the_o oresundic_n bay_n famous_a for_o the_o city_n vraniburg_n build_v by_o that_o excellent_a mathematician_n tycho_n brahe_n where_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v 55_o deg_fw-la 54_o min._n this_o isle_n be_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o forementioned_a peace_n conclude_v betwixt_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n a._n d._n 1660._o 4._o vtklippa_n 5._o vtlengia_n both_o lie_v over_o against_o blekingia_n 6._o oelandia_n a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a island_n in_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o best_a breed_n of_o horse_n that_o be_v in_o all_o the_o swedish_n dominion_n this_o island_n a._n d._n 1526_o be_v take_v by_o christiern_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o short_o after_o regain_v by_o gustavus_n i._o king_n of_o sweden_n a._n d._n 1613_o it_o be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n and_o ever_o since_o retain_v by_o the_o swede_n see_v more_o concern_v it_o among_o the_o province_n of_o gothia_n 7._o gotland_n lie_v over_o against_o ostrogothia_a in_o length_n seventy-two_a mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n twenty_o for_o a_o long_a time_n almost_o tear_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o continual_a arm_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n till_o 1648_o by_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o christina_n queen_n of_o swedeland_n and_o christiern_n iv_o of_o denmark_n it_o with_o the_o city_n wisbuy_n of_o which_o see_v among_o the_o gothic_a province_n be_v whole_o yield_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o they_o as_o a_o perpetual_a possession_n 8._o oselia_n call_v by_o pliny_n oserica_n opposite_a to_o liefland_n and_o reckon_v by_o some_o as_o a_o district_n of_o esthonia_n fifty-six_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o twenty-eight_a in_o breadth_n in_o it_o be_v the_o city_n arnsburg_n fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n 9_o daghoe_n dachden_n or_o dagheroort_n part_v from_o oselia_n by_o a_o very_a narrow_a bay_n 10._o alandia_n lie_v in_o the_o middle_a sea_n betwixt_o it_o and_o upland_n reckon_v by_o some_o as_o a_o part_n of_o finland_n in_o it_o be_v the_o fort_n castleholm_n 11._o hogland_n in_o the_o finnic_a bay_n with_o severalother_n of_o less_o note_n and_o importance_n regni_fw-la daniae_fw-la accuratissima_fw-la delineato_fw-la nobilissimo_fw-la amplissimo_fw-la consultissimoque_fw-la viro_fw-la d._n gerardo_n schaep_v i._n v._o d._n inclyti_fw-la et_fw-la celeberrimi_fw-la ansterodamensium_fw-la emporii_fw-la consuli_fw-la ac_fw-la senatori_fw-la et_fw-la ad_fw-la serenissimos_fw-la sveciae_fw-la daniaque_fw-la reges_fw-la legato_n dignissimo_fw-la fidelissimo_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n denmark_n saxo_n grammaticus_n deduce_v the_o name_n of_o denmark_n danmark_n or_o dania_n from_o dan_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o son_n of_o humblus_n a_o prince_n of_o these_o part_n many_o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o our_o saviour_n this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a tradition_n among_o the_o dane_n and_o be_v confirm_v by_o one_o of_o the_o old_a chronicle_n of_o their_o king_n publish_v by_o wormius_n out_o of_o a_o manuscript_n copy_n of_o the_o scanian_a law_n write_v in_o runick_a character_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o which_o we_o read_v dan_o heet_n den_fw-mi force_v cunung_a i_o danmurk_n der_fw-mi var_fw-mi fore_fw-la christus_fw-la borth_z of_o hannom_n call_v be_v danmurk_n i._n e._n the_o first_o
rather_o imprison_v themselves_o in_o the_o capitol_n beside_o most_o of_o the_o northern_a nation_n have_v at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o stoop_v to_o the_o danish_a arms._n for_o if_o we_o consult_v the_o best_a of_o their_o historian_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o ireland_n be_v eight_o several_a time_n conquer_v by_o the_o dane_n the_o english_a be_v ten_o time_n beat_v by_o they_o and_o for_o many_o year_n subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n scotland_n be_v for_o awhile_o tributary_n to_o this_o crown_n whence_o some_o fancy_n it_o have_v its_o name_n scotland_n in_o the_o danish_a tongue_n signify_v a_o country_n that_o pay_v tribute_n to_o a_o foreign_a potentate_n hence_o we_o still_o retain_v the_o word_n scotfree_a i._n e._n one_o exempt_v from_o all_o payment_n due_n and_o duty_n saxony_n pay_v homage_n to_o frotho_n siward_n and_o other_o danish_a king_n and_o the_o swede_n often_o than_o once_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o dane_n but_o revolt_v as_o soon_o as_o they_o find_v themselves_o able_a to_o rebel_n the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n in_o a_o sufficient_a testimony_n of_o the_o danish_a valour_n nay_o saxon_a grammaticus_n give_v we_o many_o instance_n of_o the_o courage_n and_o conduct_n of_o several_a danish_a viragines_n who_o exploit_n if_o he_o say_v true_a may_v be_v set_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o brave_a performance_n of_o the_o hector_n of_o other_o nation_n tacitus_n speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a german_n say_v they_o be_v a_o little_a too_o much_o addict_v to_o gluttony_n and_o drunkenness_n but_o withal_o so_o oblige_v to_o stranger_n that_o they_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o the_o height_n of_o barbarism_n and_o rudeness_n to_o turn_v any_o such_o out_o of_o door_n or_o deny_v they_o lodging_n both_o these_o character_n may_v still_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o dane_n for_o since_o they_o grow_v so_o modish_a as_o to_o drink_v wine_n they_o have_v exceed_o apee_v their_o neighbour_n the_o german_n in_o large_a draught_n and_o long_a meal_n again_o they_o be_v wonderful_o complaisant_a to_o all_o foreigner_n which_o perhaps_o may_v in_o some_o part_n be_v attribute_v to_o their_o immoderate_a desire_n of_o learn_v the_o language_n of_o other_o country_n but_o notwithstanding_o the_o civil_a entertainment_n usual_o meet_v with_o in_o this_o kingdom_n it_o behoove_v every_o stranger_n to_o carry_v himself_o so_o circumspect_o that_o he_o seem_v neither_o by_o his_o word_n nor_o action_n to_o sleight_n any_o thing_n he_o meet_v with_o for_o the_o dane_n be_v natural_o proud_a and_o self-conceited_a and_o quarrelsome_a upon_o the_o least_o apprehension_n of_o a_o affront_n the_o old_a roman_n common_o too_o peremptory_a in_o their_o censure_n look_v upon_o the_o cimbrian_o as_o a_o dull_a phlegmatic_a people_n and_o we_o know_v the_o general_a vogue_n still_o give_v the_o italian_n french_a and_o spaniard_n a_o large_a share_n of_o brain_n than_o they_o allow_v to_o any_o of_o the_o norther_o nation_n however_o this_o kingdom_n have_v never_o want_v man_n remarkable_a for_o their_o wit_n and_o learning_n who_o as_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v hereafter_o have_v in_o spite_n of_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o a_o cold_a country_n give_v evident_a proof_n that_o man_n do_v not_o like_o water_n take_v a_o tincture_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o soil_n out_o of_o which_o they_o spring_v it_o be_v julius_n caesar_n observation_n of_o the_o gaul_n 〈◊〉_d staâ—â—â—_n and_o 〈◊〉_d of_o 〈◊〉_d that_o they_o look_v down_o with_o a_o scornful_a eye_n upon_o the_o low_a stature_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o ancient_o the_o northern_a people_n except_o only_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o iseland_n and_o groneland_n if_o know_v to_o the_o ancient_n who_o excessive_a cold_n have_v pinch_v into_o as_o small_a dimension_n as_o the_o spaniard_n and_o other_o southern_a nation_n be_v heat_v into_o be_v general_o a_o sort_n of_o giant_n the_o dane_n in_o a_o more_o peculiar_a manner_n from_o their_o large_a size_n say_v some_o have_v the_o name_n of_o geat_n corrupt_v afterward_o into_o getae_n jutae_n etc._n etc._n at_o this_o day_n the_o a-la-mode_o luxury_n of_o the_o time_n have_v so_o prevail_v in_o denmark_n as_o to_o contract_v the_o pristine_a bulk_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n who_o nevertheless_o seem_v still_o to_o be_v more_o vigorous_a and_o long-lived_a then_o most_o of_o their_o neighbour_n aristotle_n long_o since_o can_v tell_v we_o that_o the_o northern_a people_n be_v most_o common_o yellow-haired_a and_o lucan_n speak_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o elb_n say_v fundit_fw-la ab_fw-la extremo_fw-la flavos_fw-la aquilone_n suevos_fw-la albis_n indeed_o most_o of_o the_o dane_n those_o especial_o that_o live_v beyond_o the_o baltic_a be_v to_o this_o day_n either_o white_a or_o red_a haired_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o england_n we_o usual_o say_v of_o a_o red_a haired_a man_n he_o be_v a_o dane_n and_o from_o the_o old_a grudge_n between_o this_o nation_n and_o denmark_n i_o fancy_n arise_v that_o ill_a conceit_n that_o most_o english_a have_v of_o red_a haired_a people_n what_o the_o ordinary_a food_n be_v may_v be_v easy_o know_v from_o the_o abundance_n of_o corn_n fish_n dieâ—â—_n dieâ—â—_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o tame_a and_o wild_a beast_n fit_a for_o food_n wherewith_o as_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o this_o kingdom_n be_v stock_v among_o the_o many_o other_o sort_n of_o fowl_n no_o nation_n in_o europe_n have_v so_o many_o woodcock_n call_v by_o martial_a perdices_n rusticas_fw-la by_o pliny_n rusticulas_fw-la and_o account_v by_o the_o ancient_a roman_n a_o great_a rarity_n as_o denmark_n it_o be_v long_o before_o vine_n spread_v themselves_o so_o far_o northward_o as_o to_o reach_v beyond_o the_o rhine_n in_o julius_n caesar_n day_n the_o belgic_a nervii_n know_v no_o such_o drink_n as_o wine_n or_o at_o least_o as_o he_o say_v will_v not_o suffer_v any_o such_o lewd_a liquor_n to_o come_v among_o they_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o german_n taste_v the_o juice_n of_o the_o grape_n they_o quick_o commend_v the_o glass_n to_o their_o neighbour_n the_o dane_n who_o in_o a_o short_a time_n grow_v as_o intemperate_a as_o their_o teacher_n the_o ancient_a drink_n of_o the_o country_n be_v oel_n ale_n or_o beer_n make_v of_o malt_n and_o water_n which_o be_v still_o in_o ordinary_a use_n among_o they_o though_o in_o england_n we_o make_v a_o distinction_n between_o ale_n and_o beer_n yet_o the_o dane_n know_v no_o such_o difference_n what_o the_o german_n call_v bier_n be_v oel_n in_o denmark_n this_o be_v that_o famous_a drink_n which_o animate_v the_o western_a nation_n against_o the_o roman_n which_o tacitus_n call_v humorem_fw-la ex_fw-la hordeo_fw-la aut_fw-la frumento_fw-la in_o quandam_fw-la similitudinem_fw-la vini_fw-la corruptum_fw-la i._n e._n a_o liquor_n make_v of_o corn_n which_o rival_n wine_n it_o be_v undoubte_o true_a what_o rodericus_fw-la toletanus_n many_o year_n ago_o observe_v that_o the_o high_a dutch_a danish_a swedish_n norwegian_n flandrian_a and_o english_a language_n be_v only_o so_o many_o distinct_a dialect_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o mother-tongue_n which_o may_v soon_o be_v discern_v by_o any_o man_n that_o shall_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o compare_v the_o lord_n prayer_n or_o any_o other_o piece_n of_o scripture_n in_o all_o these_o tongue_n the_o gibb'rish_n indeed_o speak_v in_o lapland_n finland_n and_o some_o other_o country_n to_o the_o north-east_n of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n be_v quite_o another_o thing_n and_o as_o unintelligible_a to_o the_o civilise_a danes_n and_o swede_n as_o hebrew_n or_o arabic_a but_o the_o ordinary_a danish_a whatever_o some_o of_o their_o own_o writer_n say_v to_o the_o contrary_a be_v no_o more_o than_o corrupt_v dutch._n i_o know_v pontanus_n have_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o collect_v a_o great_a many_o word_n out_o of_o the_o danish_a tongue_n which_o he_o call_v vocabula_fw-la danis_n propria_fw-la though_o all_o of_o they_o be_v not_o so_o that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v perhaps_o in_o any_o german_a dictionary_n what_o then_o no_o man_n shall_v with_o this_o argument_n persuade_v i_o that_o the_o dutch_a and_o danish_a tongue_n be_v fundamental_o distinct_a and_o not_o two_o branch_n of_o the_o same_o stock_n for_o you_o shall_v find_v thousand_o of_o word_n in_o willeramus_fw-la otfrid_n and_o other_o ancient_a german_a writer_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n whole_o out_o of_o use_n and_o scarce_o a_o county_n in_o england_n but_o have_v some_o peculiar_a word_n not_o understand_v in_o the_o rest_n which_o nevertheless_o speak_v perfect_a english_a neither_o will_v it_o avail_v any_o thing_n to_o say_v the_o ancient_a danish_a tongue_n be_v bring_v hither_o out_o of_o asia_n and_o call_v former_o asamal_n i._n e._n the_o language_n of_o the_o asian_o for_o the_o edda_n islandorum_n which_o probable_o be_v the_o old_a piece_n which_o mention_n the_o
come_n of_o the_o asian_o into_o these_o part_n say_v odin_n or_o woden_n the_o great_a captain_n of_o the_o asae_n spread_v his_o language_n over_o saxony_n as_o well_o as_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n add_v further_o that_o within_o awhile_o the_o asian_a tongue_n be_v general_o speak_v in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a country_n the_o strong_a argument_n to_o prove_v a_o difference_n between_o this_o tongue_n and_o the_o old_a teutonic_n may_v be_v have_v from_o a_o diligent_a enquiry_n into_o the_o various_a phrase_n and_o propriety_n of_o speech_n use_v in_o both_o of_o they_o but_o when_o we_o consider_v how_o much_o the_o idiom_n of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a dutch_a differ_v and_o how_o vast_o the_o syntax_n of_o our_o english_a language_n be_v alter_v from_o the_o danish_a and_o german_a we_o shall_v have_v reason_n to_o confess_v before_o we_o pronounce_v these_o last_o two_o distinct_a primitive_a language_n that_o time_n be_v able_a strange_o to_o alter_v the_o physiognomy_n of_o tongue_n as_o well_o as_o man_n however_o the_o dispute_n be_v like_o short_o to_o have_v a_o end_n and_o the_o dane_n will_v in_o a_o little_a while_n if_o they_o do_v not_o already_o speak_v good_a dutch._n for_o the_o german_a tongue_n be_v now_o ordinary_o speak_v in_o copenhagen_n and_o most_o of_o the_o chief_a trade_n city_n in_o denmark_n to_o let_v pass_v the_o story_n of_o king_n dan_n government_n government_n who_o some_o historian_n make_v to_o reign_v in_o this_o kingdom_n three_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o unquestionable_a testimony_n of_o the_o best_a roman_a writer_n that_o denmark_n be_v a_o monarchy_n in_o the_o consulship_n of_o catulus_n and_o marius_n near_o a_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n afterward_o we_o have_v a_o certain_a account_n of_o gothric_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a from_o who_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n be_v descend_v in_o a_o lineal_a succession_n except_o what_o pontanus_n seem_v not_o to_o allow_v of_o the_o line_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n fail_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n christopher_n iii_o a._n d._n 1448_o the_o power_n of_o the_o danish_a nobility_n in_o council_n be_v exceed_o great_a but_o not_o so_o large_a as_o to_o make_v the_o supreme_a government_n aristocratical_a some_o will_v argue_v that_o the_o noble_n be_v above_o the_o king_n since_o it_o be_v well_o know_v they_o deny_v to_o crown_n frederic_n ii_o in_o the_o year_n 1559_o till_o he_o have_v swear_v never_o to_o pretend_v to_o be_v able_a by_o his_o own_o authority_n to_o put_v any_o nobleman_n to_o death_n from_o this_o and_o some_o other_o like_o instance_n bodinus_fw-la endeavour_n to_o prove_v the_o king_n of_o denmark_n petty_a prince_n rather_o than_o absolute_a monarch_n not_o remember_v that_o even_o in_o france_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n it_o have_v always_o be_v think_v requisite_a for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o people_n that_o every_o king_n at_o his_o coronation_n shall_v make_v some_o solemn_a vow_n to_o maintain_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o privilege_n of_o his_o country_n and_o subject_n and_o if_o in_o the_o case_n mention_v the_o nobility_n of_o denmark_n require_v their_o king_n to_o lay_v a_o strict_a obligation_n on_o himself_o than_o be_v usual_a the_o performance_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o not_o constrain_v the_o subject_n may_v possible_o upon_o the_o king_n refusal_n to_o gratify_v they_o have_v rebel_v against_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n but_o can_v not_o just_o have_v compel_v he_o to_o a_o compliance_n before_o the_o year_n 1660_o king_n king_n the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n be_v not_o as_o norway_n hereditary_a but_o elective_a yet_o so_o that_o the_o senator_n usual_o choose_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o their_o king_n who_o thenceforward_o be_v style_v the_o prince_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n son_n have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n and_o heir_n of_o norway_n the_o election_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v common_o have_v in_o this_o solemn_a manner_n as_o many_o of_o the_o noble_n as_o be_v senator_n and_o have_v power_n to_o give_v their_o voice_n agree_v upon_o some_o convenient_a place_n in_o the_o field_n where_o seat_v themselves_o in_o a_o circle_n upon_o so_o many_o great_a stone_n they_o give_v their_o vote_n this_o do_v they_o place_v their_o new_a elect_a monarch_n in_o the_o middle_n upon_o a_o stone_n high_o than_o the_o rest_n and_o salute_v he_o king_n in_o seland_n to_o this_o day_n there_o be_v such_o a_o company_n of_o stone_n which_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o kongstolen_a or_o the_o king_n seat_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n tell_v we_o the_o same_o story_n of_o a_o great_a stone_n call_v by_o the_o vicenage_n morastaen_n near_o vpsal_n in_o sweden_n near_a st._n buriens_fw-la in_o cornwall_n in_o a_o place_n which_o the_o cornish-man_n call_v biscow-woune_a be_v to_o be_v see_v nineteen_o stone_n set_v in_o a_o round_a circle_n distant_a every_o one_o about_o twelve_o foot_n from_o the_o other_o and_o in_o the_o very_a centre_n one_o pitch_v far_o high_a and_o great_a than_o the_o rest_n this_o cambden_n fancy_n to_o have_v be_v some_o trophy_n erect_v by_o the_o roman_n under_o the_o late_a emperor_n or_o else_o by_o athelstane_n the_o saxon_a when_o he_o have_v subdue_v cornwall_n and_o bring_v it_o under_o his_o dominion_n but_o wormius_n more_o probable_o guess_n that_o in_o this_o place_n some_o danish_a or_o saxon_a king_n be_v elect_v by_o his_o follower_n and_o i_o conceive_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o long_n meg_n and_o her_o daughter_n near_o little_a salkeld_n in_o cumberland_n but_o to_o return_v to_o denmark_n of_o late_a year_n the_o dane_n in_o their_o election_n have_v follow_v the_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n till_o frederic_n iii_o in_o the_o year_n 1660_o who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o venture_v to_o exercise_v the_o authority_n of_o a_o absolute_a prince_n and_o to_o shake_v off_o the_o dependence_n his_o ancestor_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v upon_o the_o good_a will_n of_o their_o subject_n procure_v with_o fair_a word_n and_o threat_n a_o law_n to_o be_v establish_v that_o for_o the_o future_a the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n shall_v immediate_o upon_o the_o king_n death_n descend_v upon_o his_o lawful_a heir_n whereupon_o the_o present_a king_n christian_n v._o be_v the_o same_o night_n his_o father_n die_v without_o any_o previous_a election_n or_o consent_v ask_v of_o the_o nobility_n proclaim_v king_n the_o rite_n of_o coronation_n be_v usual_o perform_v at_o copenhagen_n where_o the_o king_n be_v anoint_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o roschild_n the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n which_o have_v hitherto_o be_v publish_v king_n catalogue_n of_o their_o king_n be_v so_o imperfect_a and_o contradictory_n one_o to_o another_o that_o it_o be_v utter_o impossible_a to_o give_v a_o exact_a catalogue_n of_o their_o king_n saxon_a grammaticus_n who_o live_v say_v stephanus_n in_o the_o twelve_o century_n have_v make_v a_o shift_n to_o collect_v a_o great_a many_o story_n out_o of_o the_o scatter_a fragment_n of_o old_a runic_a inscription_n and_o ancient_a ballad_n and_o to_o relate_v they_o in_o a_o better_a method_n and_o stile_n than_o can_v be_v well_o expect_v from_o the_o age_n he_o live_v in_o but_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o best_a he_o meet_v with_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v of_o more_o authority_n than_o such_o venerable_a scrap_n of_o chronicle_n as_o be_v publish_v by_o wormius_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o monumenta_fw-la danica_n and_o see_v how_o these_o two_o run_v counter_a it_o be_v hard_o to_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o the_o relation_n he_o give_v we_o and_o yet_o as_o difficult_a to_o provide_v ourselves_o of_o a_o better_a the_o first_o rational_a account_n give_v we_o of_o any_o of_o the_o danish_a king_n which_o we_o may_v safe_o rely_v upon_o for_o truth_n be_v in_o our_o english_a chronicle_n which_o as_o the_o learned_a sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o a_o epistle_n to_o ol._n rosecrantz_n former_o danish_a ambassador_n in_o england_n treat_v more_o full_o and_o clear_o of_o the_o affair_n of_o denmark_n than_o any_o of_o the_o danish_a historian_n wherefore_o omit_v the_o relation_n give_v of_o dan_fw-mi humblus_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o heathen_a king_n as_o either_o false_a or_o frivolous_a we_o shall_v content_v ourselves_o with_o a_o short_a register_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n since_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o 1._o harald_n be_v beat_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n by_o his_o brother_n reinferd_n accomplice_n flee_v to_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n for_o help_v who_o assist_v he_o in_o regain_n of_o his_o crown_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v forsake_v his_o idolatry_n and_o turn_v
so_o ridiculous_a as_o to_o have_v the_o work_n of_o so_o many_o year_n confute_v in_o one_o page_n by_o our_o learned_a dr._n pell_n at_o that_o time_n public_a professor_n of_o mathematics_n in_o amsterdam_n 6._o arrild_n witfield_n lord_n of_o odersberch_n and_o sometime_o chancellor_n of_o denmark_n be_v the_o first_o that_o reduce_v saxo_n history_n to_o a_o chronological_a method_n annex_v the_o year_n to_o every_o memorable_a passage_n beside_o he_o compose_v and_o publish_v a_o accurate_a chronicle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n in_o the_o danish_a tongue_n of_o which_o work_n pontanus_n who_o be_v once_o his_o clerk_n gives_z a_o very_o high_a character_n 7._o stephanus_n stephanius_n professor_n of_o history_n in_o the_o university_n at_o sore_a have_v illustrate_v saxo_n grammaticus_n with_o most_o accurate_a and_o learned_a note_n beside_o he_o write_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o denmark_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o christian_a the_o three_o from_o the_o year_n 1550_o to_o 1559_o which_o since_o his_o death_n be_v print_v at_o sore_a a._n d._n 1650._o 8._o olaus_n wormius_n late_a regius_n professor_n of_o physic_n in_o copengagen_n beside_o the_o rare_a collection_n he_o make_v of_o natural_a curiosity_n of_o which_o his_o musaeum_fw-la wormianum_fw-la be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o catalogue_n have_v with_o great_a diligence_n and_o success_n make_v discovery_n of_o that_o venerable_a and_o mysterious_a part_n of_o learning_n which_o before_o his_o time_n have_v lie_v unregarded_a for_o many_o age_n in_o every_o corner_n of_o denmark_n his_o literatura_fw-la runica_n monumenta_fw-la danica_n fasti_fw-la danici_n and_o other_o writing_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v enough_o to_o inform_v any_o man_n how_o much_o his_o own_o countryman_n and_o all_o that_o be_v wellwisher_n to_o learning_n be_v indebt_v to_o his_o indefatigable_a pain_n and_o industry_n 9_o petrus_n johannes_n resenius_n professor_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o counsellor_n to_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n have_v for_o several_a year_n last_o pass_v apply_v himself_o to_o a_o enquiry_n after_o the_o antiquity_n of_o his_o country_n in_o order_n to_o which_o he_o have_v make_v a_o much_o large_a collection_n of_o runic_a monument_n then_o ever_o wormius_n meet_v with_o which_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v he_o design_n ere_o long_o to_o publish_v in_o a_o work_n of_o some_o volume_n the_o edda_n islandorum_n and_o other_o ancient_a piece_n already_o print_v may_v give_v we_o a_o taste_n of_o his_o ability_n in_o these_o severe_a study_n and_o teach_v we_o what_o to_o expect_v from_o so_o curious_a a_o antiquary_n to_o these_o many_o more_o as_o petrus_n severinus_n the_o two_o bartholin_n borrichius_n and_o several_a other_o which_o be_v to_o find_v in_o erasmus_n vindingii_n his_o academia_n hafniensis_n may_v be_v add_v but_o those_o that_o have_v be_v reckon_v up_o be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v we_o how_o much_o denmark_n have_v contribute_v to_o the_o advancement_n of_o learning_n what_o kind_n of_o idol_n and_o false_a god_n be_v worship_v by_o the_o ancient_a dane_n …_o re_fw-mi …_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n shall_v be_v show_v at_o large_a in_o the_o description_n of_o island_n christianity_n begin_v to_o be_v first_o plant_v in_o these_o northern_a country_n by_o king_n eric_n who_o have_v be_v baptize_v in_o germany_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o emperor_n ludovicus_n but_o it_o take_v no_o deep_a root_n at_o first_o for_o eric_n be_v settle_v in_o his_o throne_n relapse_v into_o his_o former_a paganism_n and_o turn_v a_o bitter_a persecutor_n of_o st._n anschar_n who_o be_v send_v to_o promote_v the_o christian_a religion_n in_o denmark_n norway_n etc._n etc._n by_o the_o say_a emperor_n and_o pope_n gregory_n the_o four_o a._n d._n 835_o and_o his_o follower_n after_o this_o though_o some_o of_o they_o be_v initiate_v in_o christianity_n yet_o the_o christian_n have_v no_o considerable_a foot_n in_o this_o kingdom_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n sueno_n tweskeg_n who_o at_o his_o baptism_n have_v the_o emperor_n otho_n two_o to_o his_o godfather_n and_o from_o he_o be_v afterward_o call_v suenotho_n he_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o poppo_n who_o as_o we_o have_v say_v confirm_v his_o doctrine_n by_o a_o miracle_n which_o introduce_v the_o use_n of_o fire_n ordale_n establish_v the_o christian_a reliligion_n upon_o a_o sure_a foundation_n and_o appoint_v several_a bishop_n in_o the_o kingdom_n frideric_n duke_n of_o holstein_n be_v elect_a king_n of_o denmark_n bring_v with_o he_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v profess_v in_o that_o kingdom_n christian_n the_o three_o give_v liberty_n to_o the_o english_a scot_n and_o hollander_n to_o build_v church_n and_o have_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n though_o no_o calvinist_n be_v to_o be_v find_v except_o some_o few_o at_o the_o present_a queen_n chapel_n those_o few_o papist_n that_o live_v in_o this_o kingdom_n be_v forbid_v the_o public_a exercise_n of_o divine_a service_n plutarch_n report_v of_o the_o ancient_a cimbrian_o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o that_o they_o have_v shield_n and_o helmet_n paint_v with_o the_o shape_n of_o several_a kind_n of_o wild_a beast_n other_o say_v they_o use_v to_o set_v a_o brazen_a bull_n on_o the_o top_n of_o their_o standard_n as_o a_o token_n of_o strength_n and_o valour_n at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n arm_n be_v a_o complication_n of_o fourteen_o several_a coat_n thus_o order_v in_o a_o field_n gules_a he_o bear_v a_o cross_n argent_fw-fr the_o arm_n of_o the_o house_n of_o oldenburg_n which_o quarter_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o coat_n into_o four_o canton_n the_o first_o of_o these_o give_v the_o arm_n of_o denmark_n or_o six_o half_a heart_n gules_a three_o lion_n passant_a guardant_n azure_a with_o crown_n of_o the_o first_o this_o coat_n be_v part_v with_o the_o arm_n of_o norway_n gules_a a_o lion_n crown_v or_o hold_v in_o his_o paw_n a_o hatchet_n argent_fw-fr with_o a_o haft_n of_o the_o second_o the_o second_o canton_n carry_v gules_a a_o leopard_n in_o chef_fw-fr or_n the_o field_n sow_o with_o nine_o heart_n of_o the_o second_o which_o be_v the_o arm_n of_o gothland_n these_o be_v part_v with_o gules_a a_o dragon_n crown_v or_o the_o ancient_a coat_n of_o the_o vandal_n or_o slavonian_n according_a to_o the_o distich_n hinc_fw-la rigidos_fw-la slavus_n effert_fw-la pernicibus_fw-la alis_fw-la et_fw-la loca_fw-la propugnat_fw-la sanguinolenta_fw-la draco_n the_o three_o canton_n give_v azure_a three_o crown_n or_o to_o denote_v the_o union_n of_o the_o three_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n norway_n and_o sweden_n this_o coat_n be_v part_v with_o gules_a a_o paschal_n lamb_n argent_fw-fr hold_v a_o cross_n or_o at_o which_o hang_v a_o streamer_n of_o the_o second_o charge_v with_o a_o small_a cross_n of_o the_o first_o the_o first_o original_n of_o this_o coat_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v this_o in_o the_o year_n 1218_o when_o king_n waldemar_n the_o second_o engage_v the_o lieflander_n in_o sharp_a and_o bloody_a war_n the_o danish_a army_n have_v lose_v their_o standard_n begin_v to_o be_v so_o discourage_v that_o they_o give_v ground_n and_o have_v almost_o yield_v the_o victory_n to_o their_o pagan_a enemy_n when_o on_o a_o sudden_a a_o new_a standard_n fall_v from_o heaven_n display_v a_o white_a cross_n in_o a_o bloody_a flag_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o this_o the_o dane_n immediate_o rally_v their_o scatter_a force_n with_o so_o much_o courage_n and_o success_n as_o make_v they_o in_o a_o short_a time_n master_n of_o the_o field_n in_o remembrance_n of_o this_o so_o miraculous_a a_o deliverance_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n keep_v the_o sacred_a flag_n with_o as_o much_o veneration_n as_o ever_o the_o roman_n do_v their_o palladium_n think_v their_o future_a success_n will_v very_o much_o depend_v upon_o the_o safety_n of_o so_o holy_a a_o relic_n this_o be_v the_o account_n the_o danish_a historian_n give_v we_o of_o this_o part_n of_o their_o king_n arms._n but_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o the_o pope_n give_v king_n waldemar_n this_o banner_n when_o he_o go_v against_o liefland_n to_o mind_v he_o that_o the_o business_n he_o now_o undertake_v be_v the_o conversion_n of_o those_o poor_a ignorant_a heathen_n he_o shall_v there_o meet_v with_o thus_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n the_o great_a make_v a_o cross_n be_v carry_v before_o his_o army_n with_o this_o motto_n in_o hoc_fw-la signo_fw-la vinces_fw-la and_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n bear_v a_o white_a cross_n when_o they_o be_v send_v to_o convert_v the_o prussian_n but_o to_o return_v the_o four_o canton_n bear_v or_o two_o lion_n passant_a azure_a which_o be_v the_o arm_n of_o sleswic_n these_o be_v part_v with_o gules_a a_o headless_a fish_n stick_v on_o a_o stake_n and_o crown_v argent_fw-fr which_o be_v the_o coat_n of_o island_n in_o
of_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o people_n who_o flock_n hither_o for_o justice_n in_o all_o cause_n civil_a and_o criminal_a it_o be_v former_o call_v cimmersbeg_n as_o be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o ancient_a cimbrian_o tacitus_n call_v it_o civitatem_fw-la parvam_fw-la but_o withal_o that_o it_o have_v be_v a_o glorious_a and_o strong_a hold_n and_o the_o metropolis_n of_o a_o terrible_a and_o warlike_a nation_n whence_o and_o when_o it_o get_v the_o name_n wiberg_n be_v not_o easy_o determine_v some_o tell_v we_o that_o after_o the_o many_o petty_a principality_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o be_v unite_v into_o one_o monarchy_n by_o wiglet_n this_o city_n lose_v its_o ancient_a name_n and_o be_v call_v after_o the_o prince_n wigburg_n corrupt_v by_o degree_n into_o wiberg_n elnot_n in_o the_o life_n of_o st._n canutus_n say_v it_o have_v its_o new_a name_n from_o wig_n a_o idol_n worship_v in_o this_o place_n i_o rather_o think_v it_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o danish_a pirate_n call_v former_o wig_n or_o wikenger_n for_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o the_o northern_a country_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v more_o than_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o land_n can_v sustain_v for_o young_a nobleman_n to_o live_v of_o what_o they_o can_v catch_v abroad_o as_o the_o lacedaemonian_n think_v robbery_n so_o these_o fancy_a piracy_n lawful_a and_o glorious_a whence_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n will_v often_o turn_v pirate_n and_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o title_n of_o king_n though_o they_o have_v not_o the_o least_o dominion_n at_o land_n as_o the_o norwegian_a history_n report_v of_o st._n olaus_n the_o most_o notorious_a pirate_n mention_v by_o the_o northern_a historian_n be_v the_o jomswikinger_n who_o dwell_v in_o the_o city_n wollin_n call_v ancient_o jomsberg_n where_o they_o have_v establish_v certain_a law_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o magistrate_n and_o governor_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o royal_a family_n cambden_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o dane_n be_v usual_o understand_v by_o the_o name_n viccingi_n in_o the_o latin_a writer_n of_o our_o english_a history_n because_o say_v he_o they_o be_v profess_v pirate_n in_o our_o learned_a king_n aelfred_n translation_n of_o bede_n ecclesiastical_a history_n pirate_n be_v call_v wicengas_n and_o wicing_n and_o mr._n cambden_n guess_v probable_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o glocestershire_n worcestershire_n etc._n etc._n be_v former_o call_v wiccii_n from_o the_o sea-robbery_n commit_v daily_o by_o they_o upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o severn_n the_o english-saxons_a name_v a_o stout_a warrior_n wiga_n skill_n in_o war_n wig-chaept_a a_o fort_n wighus_o etc._n etc._n in_o the_o old_a francic_a history_n of_o the_o life_n of_o st._n anno_fw-la archbishop_n of_o cologne_n we_o read_v ninus_n hiz_v der_fw-mi eristi_fw-la mann_n de_fw-fr dir_fw-mi ie_fw-fr volc_n wigis_fw-la begin_v i._n e._n ninus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o make_v war_n and_o in_o willeramus_n paraphrase_n upon_o the_o canticle_n wighuis_n be_v a_o castle_n wiigfimme_v the_o art_n of_o combat_n etc._n etc._n nial_n runic_a history_n say_v gunnar_n var_fw-mi alra_fw-mi manna_n best_a viigur_n deira_fw-la sem_fw-mi de_fw-fr voru_fw-fr a_o island_n i.e._n gunnar_n be_v the_o best_a champion_n that_o live_v in_o island_n in_o his_o day_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o wiberg_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o wigton_n the_o name_n of_o several_a great_a town_n in_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o the_o scot_n still_o retain_v so_o much_o of_o the_o old_a saxon_a word_n wig_n as_o to_o call_v soldier_n and_o pillager_n of_o the_o country_n wig_n or_o wiganeer_n there_o have_v be_v for_o some_o year_n a_o quarrel_n between_o the_o bishop_n of_o alburg_n and_o wiburg_n about_o precedency_n each_o pretend_v his_o bishopric_n the_o more_o ancient_a it_o be_v very_o hard_a if_o not_o impossible_a to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n except_o we_o date_n the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o alburg_n from_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o bishop_n palace_n to_o that_o city_n for_o the_o bishopric_n of_o wiburg_n and_o borlum_n be_v both_o found_v in_o one_o year_n by_o sueno_n esthrith_n who_o make_v heribert_n bishop_n of_o wiburg_n the_o same_o time_n that_o he_o give_v borlum_n to_o magnus_n witfield_n give_v wiburg_n the_o precedency_n but_o alburg_n be_v reckon_v the_o better_a and_o more_o honourable_a preferment_n by_o other_o danish_a writer_n from_o the_o high_a court_n of_o judicature_n hold_v at_o wiburg_n the_o jutlander_n can_v make_v no_o appeal_n save_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o the_o most_o memorable_a bay_n in_o this_o diocese_n be_v sallingsundt_n virckesundt_fw-mi hualpsundt_fw-mi sebersundt_fw-mi and_o othesundt_n the_o last_o of_o which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o who_o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o jutland_n about_o the_o year_n 948_o come_v as_o far_o as_o this_o bay_n into_o which_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v cast_v his_o spear_n and_o give_v it_o the_o name_n it_o retain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o most_o considerable_a and_o fruitful_a part_n of_o this_o diocese_n be_v salling_n a_o peninsula_n in_o the_o limfiord_n whence_o be_v bring_v the_o best_a horse_n that_o be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n the_o name_n of_o this_o province_n seem_v to_o point_v out_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o old_a sabalingi_n who_o ptolomey_n make_v a_o people_n inhabit_v some_o part_n of_o the_o cimbrian_a chersonese_n but_o more_o southerly_a than_o salling_n the_o chief_a river_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o wiburg_n be_v gudius_n gutalus_n or_o guddenus_n call_v by_o the_o native_n gudden_a aa_n and_o store_v with_o plenty_n of_o fish_n arhuse_n be_v a_o neat_a and_o pleasant_a seaport_n town_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n arhusen_n arhusen_n whence_o etymologist_n derive_v its_o name_n from_o aar-hus_a i._n e._n the_o house_n of_o oar_n which_o be_v a_o much_o more_o probable_a conjecture_n than_o be_v bring_v by_o pontanus_n who_o fetch_v the_o word_n arhusen_n from_o ptolomy_n harudes_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o danish_a historian_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v first_o make_v a_o bishop_n see_v about_o the_o year_n 1014._o though_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o poppo_n be_v make_v bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n its_o original_n must_v be_v fetch_v as_o high_a as_o the_o year_n 992._o the_o cathedral_n at_o arhuse_n be_v a_o neat_a piece_n of_o architecture_n adorn_v with_o several_a rich_a monument_n of_o bishop_n noblemen_z etc._n etc._n the_o bishop_n palace_n have_v lie_v many_o year_n in_o its_o ruin_n which_o still_o retain_v mark_n of_o its_o ancient_a splendour_n and_o grandeur_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o jutland_n and_o furnish_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n that_o the_o country_n afford_v at_o a_o very_a reasonable_a rate_n and_o what_o foreign_a commodity_n either_o the_o need_n or_o luxury_n of_o its_o citizen_n call_v for_o be_v bring_v daily_o in_o by_o the_o mariner_n in_o this_o diocese_n there_o be_v thirty_o one_o judicature_n seven_o city_n three_o hundred_o and_o four_o parish_n and_o five_o fort_n the_o strong_a of_o which_o be_v schanderborch_n or_o schonderborch_n i.e._n the_o neat_a castle_n seat_v on_o the_o gudden_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o note_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o arhusen_n be_v 1._o horsen_a on_o the_o south_n of_o arhusen_n 2._o randruse_v a_o place_n famous_a for_o the_o best_a salmon_n in_o jutland_n 3._o ebeltod_a on_o the_o baltic_a coast_n a_o town_n of_o considerable_a trade_n the_o bishopric_n of_o ripen_v ripen_v ripen_v border_v on_o the_o southern_a jutland_n contain_v in_o it_o seven_o city_n two_o hundred_o eighty_o two_o parish_n ten_o castle_n and_o a_o hundred_o nobleman_n house_n it_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o clear_a and_o sweet_a river_n nipsaa_n which_o part_v itself_o into_o three_o stream_n divide_v the_o town_n into_o as_o many_o part_n and_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o city_n arm_n which_o be_v three_o lion_n here_o about_o ptolemy_n seem_v to_o place_v his_o cimbros_n phundusios_fw-gr that_o this_o city_n shall_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o latin_a word_n ripa_n upon_o its_o be_v situate_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n be_v no_o great_a wonder_n if_o we_o consider_v that_o whilst_o the_o native_n of_o these_o part_n busy_v themselves_o chief_o in_o fortify_v and_o people_n their_o great_a ciity_n it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o the_o german_n roman_n and_o other_o foreigner_n to_o give_v name_n to_o small_a village_n upon_o the_o seacoast_n which_o after_o a_o revolution_n of_o some_o year_n by_o the_o advantage_n of_o a_o brisk_a sea-trade_n grow_v bulky_a and_o be_v often_o advance_v into_o large_a corporation_n the_o cathedral_n be_v a_o stately_a fabric_n of_o hew_a stone_n beautify_v with_o a_o tower_n of_o a_o incredible_a height_n which_o
serve_v for_o a_o good_a landmark_n to_o the_o seaman_n that_o sail_v along_o this_o dangerous_a shore_n this_o church_n be_v first_o build_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n by_o king_n eric_n barn_n who_o st._n ansgar_n have_v convert_v to_o christianity_n about_o the_o year_n 848._o near_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n after_o upon_o the_o reclaim_n of_o the_o dane_n from_o the_o idolatry_n they_o be_v relapse_v into_o this_o church_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o cathedral_n and_o ripen_v make_v a_o bishop_n see_v as_o it_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o university_n at_o ripen_v but_o come_v far_o short_a of_o that_o at_o copenhagen_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n of_o moment_n in_o this_o diocese_n be_v 1._o kolding_n first_o build_v by_o eric_n glip_v about_o the_o year_n 1268_o in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o fortify_v with_o such_o strong_a wall_n and_o good_a ditch_n as_o make_v it_o a_o city_n able_a to_o defend_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o danish_a dominion_n which_o in_o those_o day_n reach_v no_o further_a south_n than_o this_o place_n but_o they_o that_o think_v kolding_n have_v its_o name_n from_o ptolomy_n chali_n who_o seem_v to_o be_v place_v in_o this_o part_n of_o jutland_n make_v it_o a_o city_n much_o more_o ancient_a christian_n iii_o be_v so_o much_o take_v with_o the_o situation_n of_o it_o and_o plenty_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o country_n adjoin_v that_o he_o remove_v his_o court_n to_o the_o castle_n arnsburgh_n which_o hang_v over_o the_o town_n which_o he_o repair_v and_o in_o which_o he_o end_v his_o day_n on_o the_o south_n the_o city_n be_v wash_v by_o a_o river_n which_o divide_v the_o northern_a jutland_n from_o the_o southern_a and_o separate_v itself_o into_o two_o branch_n be_v empty_v soon_o after_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o bridge_n over_o this_o river_n bring_v yearly_o a_o great_a treasure_n into_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n coffer_n for_o beside_o the_o impost_n upon_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o commodity_n for_o every_o ox_n or_o horse_n that_o pass_v this_o bridge_n towards_o holstein_n or_o any_o of_o the_o hans_n town_n the_o owner_n pay_v a_o rixdollar_n which_o consider_v the_o infinite_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o kine_n which_o be_v yearly_o send_v this_o way_n out_o of_o the_o northern_a jutland_n must_v needs_o amount_v to_o a_o vast_a revenue_n 2._o we_o will_v a_o compact_n neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n on_o the_o baltic_a shore_n but_o not_o very_o large_a 3._o ward_n 4._o rinkope_v both_o seat_v near_o the_o western-shore_n upon_o the_o same_o river_n 5._o holstebro_fw-la 6._o lemwick_n which_o be_v the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o ripen_v northward_o seat_v on_o the_o limfiord_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n at_o jell_v a_o small_a village_n in_o this_o bishopric_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n we_o will_v be_v to_o be_v see_v one_o of_o the_o most_o famon_n runic_a monument_n that_o the_o three_o northern_a kingdom_n afford_v this_o village_n be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o one_o elling_n a_o general_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o and_o fancy_v to_o have_v be_v the_o seat_n of_o several_a danish_a king_n the_o inscription_n have_v be_v think_v worthy_a the_o diligent_a enquiry_n of_o jos_n scaliger_n bonaventura_n vulcanius_n lindenbrogius_fw-la stephanius_n and_o wormius_n and_o may_v therefore_o just_o challenge_v a_o place_n in_o our_o description_n of_o this_o province_n the_o word_n be_v these_o haralter_n kunugr_n bad_a kaurva_fw-la kubl_n dausi_fw-la eft_o gurm_n fadur_v sin_n aug_n eft_o thiurni_n mudur_fw-fr sinasa_fw-la haraltr_n kesor_fw-la van_fw-mi tanmaurk_n alla_fw-mi aug_fw-mi nurvieg_n aug_n tini_fw-la folk_n kristno_n i._n e._n harald_n the_o king_n command_v this_o tomb_n to_o be_v build_v in_o remembrance_n of_o gormo_n his_o father_n and_o thyra_n his_o mother_n harald_n the_o emperor_n win_v denmark_n and_o all_o norway_n and_o christen_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o both_o kingdom_n how_o worthy_a queen_n thyra_n be_v of_o such_o a_o last_a monument_n as_o this_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o and_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n only_o take_v notice_n of_o king_n harald_n style_v himself_n kesor_n or_o emperor_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v do_v in_o contempt_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o who_o have_v conquer_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n annex_v this_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o write_v himself_o emperor_n of_o the_o north_n till_o this_o king_n harald_n blaatand_n force_v he_o to_o retire_v and_o make_v he_o part_v with_o not_o only_o whatever_o he_o have_v take_v in_o jutland_n but_o a_o great_a part_n of_o saxony_n after_o so_o great_a a_o conquest_n and_o defeat_n of_o so_o mighty_a a_o emperor_n he_o have_v reason_n to_o assume_v a_o title_n as_o swell_v as_o ever_o otho_n can_v pretend_v to_o who_o come_v no_o further_o than_o othesundt_fw-mi with_o his_o army_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o helmoldus_n report_v of_o he_o that_o he_o be_v so_o far_o king_n of_o saxony_n as_o to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o law_n which_o be_v to_o this_o day_n observe_v in_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a saxony_n and_o contain_v in_o their_o saxon-spiegel_n southern_a jutland_n the_o southern_a jutland_n which_o be_v often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o sleswic_n reach_v from_o kolding_n and_o the_o river_n leewens_n aa_n as_o far_o as_o the_o dannewirk_n which_o be_v reckon_v about_o eighteen_o german_a mile_n the_o breadth_n of_o it_o do_v not_o anywhere_o exceed_v eight_o seldom_o six_o mile_n the_o chief_a city_n sleswic_n sleswic_n which_o sometime_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v sleswic_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o river_n or_o rather_o a_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n de_fw-fr slye_n so_o that_o sleswic_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o village_n call_v ancient_o by_o the_o saxon_n wic_n by_o the_o hollander_n to_o this_o day_n wiick_n and_o the_o latin_n vicus_n upon_o the_o slye_n hence_o the_o ancient_a people_n of_o these_o part_n be_v call_v by_o ptolemy_n sigulones_n which_o some_o read_v slieuâ—nes_n i.e._n wooner_n or_o dweller_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o sly_a adam_n bremensis_n call_v the_o town_n slias-wig_a and_o ethelwerd_v a_o ancient_a english-saxon_a historian_n give_v we_o this_o account_n of_o it_o anglia_fw-it vetus_fw-la sita_fw-la est_fw-la inter_fw-la saxones_n &_o giotos_n habens_fw-la oppidum_fw-la capitale_n quod_fw-la sermone_fw-la saxonico_n sleswic_n nuncupatur_fw-la secundum_fw-la danos_n vero_fw-la haithaby_n i._n e._n old_a england_n lie_v between_o saxony_n and_o jutland_n the_o metropolis_n of_o which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o saxon_n sleswic_n but_o by_o the_o dane_n haithaby_n in_o a_o old_a history_n of_o the_o life_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a it_o be_v call_v sliestorff_n it_o have_v its_o danish_a name_n haitheby_o say_v pontanus_n from_o hetha_n a_o certain_a queen_n of_o denmark_n which_o assertion_n seem_v confirm_v by_o a_o passage_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o king_n aelfred_n english-saxon_a translation_n of_o orosius_n and_o of_o scipinge_n heal_v he_o cÆ¿aeþ_n ê§_n he_o seglode_v on_o fif_n dagan_a to_o þem_v porte_fw-fr þe_fw-fr mon_fw-fr haetaet_fw-la haeðh_n um_o se_fw-mi stint_v betÆ¿uh_o winedum_o &_o seaxum_n &_o angle_n &_o hyrðh_n in_o on_o dene_fw-mi i.e._n and_o from_o sciringes-heal_a he_o say_v that_o he_o sail_v in_o five_o day_n to_o the_o port_n which_o be_v call_v haethe_n which_o stand_v between_o the_o vandal_n vinedi_fw-la saxon_n and_o the_o angle_n to_o who_o it_o be_v subject_a it_o be_v questionless_a heretofore_o a_o city_n much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n from_o britain_n france_n spain_n flanders_n and_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o trade_a world_n adam_n bremensis_n who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 1100_o call_v it_o civitatem_fw-la opulentissimam_fw-la ac_fw-la populosissimam_fw-la i.e._n a_o city_n exceed_v rich_a and_o populous_a and_o so_o it_o must_v needs_o have_v be_v for_o before_o mariner_n learn_v perfect_o the_o way_n of_o shun_v the_o dangerous_a sand_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o jutland_n and_o at_o the_o entrance_n into_o the_o baltic_a carriage_n be_v usual_o bring_v up_o the_o eidor_n and_o threan_a as_o far_o as_o holl_v by_o ship_n and_o thence_o convey_v by_o land_n to_o sleswic_n where_o they_o be_v again_o ship_v and_o so_o transport_v into_o zeeland_n sweden_n etc._n etc._n the_o citizen_n here_o be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n and_o the_o great_a church_n build_v by_o king_n eric_n barn_n assist_v by_o st._n anchar_n about_o the_o year_n 800._o not_o long_o after_o in_o the_o year_n 1064_o the_o slavonian_n make_v incursion_n into_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n
claim_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o treatye_n of_o roschild_n copenhagen_n and_o westphalia_n which_o by_o this_o treaty_n be_v confirm_v the_o duke_n expect_v beside_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o country_n some_o recompense_n for_o the_o damage_n he_o have_v sustain_v during_o the_o war_n and_o at_o least_o to_o have_v have_v back_o the_o canon_n be_v a_o hundred_o excellent_a brass_n piece_n which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o tunningen_n when_o it_o be_v seize_v and_o dismantle_v by_o denmark_n but_o his_o expectation_n in_o this_o point_n be_v not_o answer_v one_o of_o the_o article_n of_o the_o same_o treaty_n be_v that_o the_o country_n of_o rixingen_n belong_v to_o count_n alefelt_n chancellor_n of_o denmark_n make_v governor_n of_o holstein_n in_o the_o year_n 1663._o upon_o the_o death_n of_o christian_a earl_n of_o rantzaw_n chief_a minister_n of_o state_n to_o the_o late_a king_n frideric_n iii_o confiscate_v during_o the_o war_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o he_o ditmars_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o province_n be_v a_o remnant_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n and_o retain_v much_o of_o the_o prowess_n and_o heroic_a spirit_n of_o their_o ancestor_n some_o will_v have_v the_o word_n write_v deutsch_n or_o teutschmarsh_n i._n e._n the_o german_a or_o dutch_a marsh_n because_o the_o people_n be_v relic_n of_o the_o german-saxons_a and_o the_o country_n plain_a and_o fenny_a the_o ditmarssians_n be_v never_o like_o the_o wagrians_n and_o stormarians_n bring_v under_o subjection_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n till_o that_o whole_a earldom_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n and_o though_o they_o be_v give_v by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iii_o to_o christian_a earl_n of_o oldenburgh_n the_o first_o danish_n king_n of_o that_o house_n yet_o soon_o after_o they_o throw_v off_o this_o yoke_n and_o refuse_v to_o acknowledge_v themselves_o subject_a to_o he_o or_o his_o successor_n till_o by_o the_o valour_n and_o good_a fortune_n of_o king_n frideric_n ii_o they_o be_v vanquish_v and_o force_v to_o submit_v in_o the_o year_n 1559._o in_o this_o expedition_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v assist_v by_o john_n and_o adolph_n duke_n of_o holstein_n his_o cousin-german_n whereupon_o they_o share_v the_o conquest_n with_o he_o ditmars_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n whereof_o the_o southern_a fall_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o northern_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n the_o only_a place_n of_o note_n in_o ditmars_n be_v 1._o meldorp_n the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o province_n seat_v on_o the_o german_a ocean_n and_o a_o place_n of_o good_a trade_n 2._o heyde_n which_o be_v a_o large_a but_o poor_a city_n on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o great_a barren_a sand_n of_o the_o same_o name_n which_o overspread_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o country_n 3._o lunden_n opposite_a to_o tonningen_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o eyder_n stormar_n stormar_n stormar_n or_o stormarsh_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o marshy_a ground_n lie_v along_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n stoer_n for_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o holstein_n be_v distinguish_v by_o name_n take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n they_o inhabit_v and_o the_o ancient_a marsi_n be_v nothing_o else_o then_o a_o people_n that_o live_v in_o these_o bog_n and_o fen_n and_o thence_o take_v their_o name_n hamburgh_n of_o which_o city_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o give_v a_o large_a description_n elsewhere_o stand_v in_o stormar_n hamburgh_n hamburgh_n and_o upon_o that_o score_n the_o earl_n and_o duke_n of_o holstein_n have_v always_o pretend_v a_o right_a to_o this_o city_n and_o demand_v homage_n of_o the_o citizen_n these_o pretension_n be_v judge_v legal_a and_o the_o right_a and_o title_n of_o the_o say_a duke_n ratify_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o in_o the_o year_n 1374._o whereupon_o the_o hamburgher_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o christian_n i._o king_n of_o denmark_n acknowledge_v he_o and_o his_o successor_n their_o lawful_a lord_n but_o not_o long_o after_o they_o endeavour_v to_o throw_v off_o that_o yoke_n presume_v much_o upon_o their_o own_o strength_n and_o the_o assistance_n they_o promise_v themselves_o upon_o all_o occasion_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hans_n to_n this_o last_o year_n 1679_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n renew_v his_o claim_n and_o come_v before_o this_o city_n with_o a_o army_n of_o sixteen_o or_o seventeen_o thousand_o man_n to_o demand_v homage_n enter_v the_o elb_n with_o fourteen_o man_n of_o war_n and_o seize_v several_a merchant-ship_n english_a and_o other_o at_o gluckstadt_n on_o the_o nine_o of_o november_n a_o agreement_n be_v sign_v between_o the_o king_n and_o this_o city_n the_o article_n of_o which_o be_v i._o that_o his_o majesty_n and_o this_o city_n shall_v remain_v unprejudiced_a in_o their_o several_a right_n and_o pretension_n and_o that_o the_o point_n of_o homage_n shall_v be_v amicable_o determine_v by_o treaty_n or_o by_o a_o ordinary_a process_n before_o the_o chamber_n of_o spire_n and_o that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o city_n shall_v enjoy_v a_o neutrality_n and_o free_a commerce_n as_o former_o ii_o that_o this_o city_n with_o a_o thankful_a acknowledgement_n of_o his_o majesty_n good_a will_n towards_o they_o shall_v remain_v in_o a_o humble_a devotion_n towards_o he_o and_o shall_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n further_o his_o good_a and_o prevent_v any_o evil_n they_o know_v likely_a to_o happen_v to_o he_o iii_o that_o for_o the_o great_a manifestation_n of_o this_o their_o devotion_n this_o city_n shall_v send_v a_o formal_a deputation_n to_o his_o majesty_n iv_o that_o this_o city_n in_o consideration_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v gracious_o please_v to_o receive_v they_o again_o into_o his_o favour_n shall_v pay_v he_o 220000_o crown_n at_o four_o term_n the_o first_o payment_n to_o be_v make_v immediate_o after_o the_o ratify_v the_o recess_n the_o second_o within_o six_o month_n after_o and_o the_o three_o and_o last_o at_o the_o end_n of_o other_o six_o month_n v._o that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v quit_v all_o his_o pretension_n to_o any_o land_n which_o this_o city_n at_o present_a hold_n either_o in_o particular_a or_o in_o common_a with_o the_o city_n of_o lubeck_n shall_v release_v the_o ship_n stop_v dithmarsia_n rendesburgum_n kiel_n et_fw-fr bordesholm_n in_o occidentali_fw-la pâ—rte_fw-la holsatiae_fw-la tabula_fw-la geographica_n novissima_fw-la ducatus_fw-la stormariae_fw-la in_o meriodionali_fw-la parte_fw-la holsatiae_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n wagria_n quae_fw-la est_fw-la pars_fw-la orientalid_n holsatiae_fw-la exit_fw-la officina_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-fr moses_n pitt_n at_o gluckstadt_n and_o shall_v ratify_v this_o recess_n within_o eight_o day_n five_o day_n after_o the_o sign_v of_o this_o interim_n recess_n so_o call_v because_o it_o leave_v both_o party_n in_o the_o same_o right_n they_o have_v before_o the_o deputy_n of_o hamburgh_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o three_o article_n wait_v on_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n at_o his_o quarter_n at_o pinneberg_n and_o be_v admit_v to_o audience_n speak_v to_o he_o in_o the_o follow_a word_n most_o serene_a and_o most_o potent_a king_n most_o gracious_a lord_n whereas_o your_o royal_a majesty_n be_v by_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n happy_o arrive_v in_o this_o your_o dukedom_n and_o consequent_o in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o this_o city_n of_o hamburgh_n and_o have_v cause_v proposal_n consist_v in_o three_o point_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o say_a city_n and_o have_v desire_v their_o resolution_n thereupon_o and_o whereas_o the_o first_o point_n through_o the_o shortness_n of_o time_n and_o for_o other_o reason_n can_v not_o be_v determine_v at_o present_a and_o that_o your_o majesty_n have_v therefore_o be_v gracious_o please_v to_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o a_o amicable_a agreement_n or_o to_o a_o legal_a determination_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o remove_v the_o displeasure_n you_o have_v take_v against_o the_o say_a city_n and_o by_o a_o interim_n recess_n gracious_o to_o agree_v that_o as_o well_o the_o right_n and_o pretension_n of_o your_o majesty_n as_o of_o the_o say_a city_n shall_v remain_v unprejudiced_a the_o burgermaster_n and_o raedt_n deputy_n do_v in_o the_o name_n of_o themselves_o and_o of_o all_o the_o burgher_n appear_v before_o your_o majesty_n and_o do_v promise_v faithful_o to_o observe_v the_o say_v interim_n recess_n in_o all_o its_o point_n and_o clause_n and_o particular_o to_o bear_v your_o majesty_n most_o humble_a and_o become_a devotion_n that_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n they_o will_v further_o your_o majesty_n good_a and_o hinder_v all_o ill_a and_o detriment_n from_o happen_v to_o your_o majesty_n provide_v this_o city_n be_v leave_v in_o a_o quiet_a and_o undisturbed_a enjoyment_n of_o their_o
pass_v all_o the_o merchant-ship_n which_o traffic_n in_o the_o baltic_a the_o breadth_n of_o it_o be_v about_o twelve_o german_a mile_n and_o the_o length_n eighteen_o this_o island_n be_v undoubted_o the_o ancient_a codanonia_n mention_v by_o pomponius_n mela_n which_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o more_o modern_a word_n dania_n and_o denmark_n most_o of_o the_o danish_a etymologist_n derive_v seeland_n from_o soedland_n or_o seedland_n from_o the_o plenty_n of_o corn_n which_o this_o country_n afford_v other_o with_o great_a probability_n make_v the_o word_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o island_n or_o piece_n of_o ground_n encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n whence_o saxon_a grammaticus_n and_o several_a other_o ancient_a historian_n call_v it_o seelandia_n from_o the_o old_a danish_a word_n siam_fw-it or_o sio_n which_o be_v now_o turn_v into_o so_o and_o in_o our_o english_a tongue_n corrupt_v into_o sea_n in_o most_o or_o all_o of_o the_o ancient_a runic_a manuscript_n it_o be_v call_v soelunder_n or_o the_o seagrove_n the_o edda_n islandorum_n call_v it_o soelund_n and_o give_v we_o this_o account_n of_o the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o word_n there_o be_v former_o a_o certain_a king_n in_o sweden_n name_v gylfi_n who_o promise_v a_o asian_a sorceress_n call_v gesion_n who_o have_v please_v he_o with_o her_o melody_n as_o much_o land_n as_o four_o ox_n can_v plough_v up_o in_o one_o day_n and_o a_o night_n whereupon_o the_o old_a hag_n bring_v four_o of_o her_o son_n out_o of_o north_n jutland_n and_o turn_v they_o into_o as_o many_o ox_n cause_v they_o to_o plough_v up_o a_o large_a and_o deep_a furrow_n round_o this_o piece_n of_o ground_n which_o when_o the_o sea_n have_v fill_v up_o the_o land_n become_v a_o isle_n and_o be_v call_v seelund_n stephanius_n think_v ptolemy_n allude_v to_o this_o fable_n when_o speak_v of_o some_o island_n in_o the_o baltic_a he_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i.e._n beyond_o the_o cimbrian_a chersonese_n lie_v three_o island_n call_v alociae_fw-la from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o furrow_n copenhagen_n the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o island_n copenhagen_n copenhagen_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o east_n of_o seeland_n upon_o the_o seashore_n the_o dane_n call_v it_o kiobenhaun_n and_o the_o german_n copenhaven_n both_o which_o word_n be_v corruption_n of_o kiobmanshafen_n i.e._n portus_n mercatorum_fw-la as_o saxo_n somewhere_o call_v it_o mejerus_fw-la a_o learned_a frisian_a writer_n derive_v the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n from_o coppen_n which_o say_v he_o in_o the_o frisian_a language_n signify_v james_n and_o haven_n q.d._n st._n james_n haven_n but_o there_o be_v very_o little_a or_o no_o ground_n for_o any_o such_o derivation_n about_o the_o year_n 1168_o axil_v wide_o surname_v snare_n saxo_n call_v he_o absalon_n archbishop_n of_o denmark_n build_v a_o considerable_a fortification_n in_o the_o island_n in_o which_o now_o stand_v the_o castle_n this_o be_v call_v after_o his_o name_n axel-huys_a and_o be_v a_o good_a defence_n to_o the_o whole_a island_n against_o the_o daily_a incursion_n of_o pirate_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o this_o fort_n several_a fisherman_n and_o other_o that_o trade_v this_o way_n use_v to_o harbour_v their_o ship_n in_o security_n this_o cause_v a_o continual_a concourse_n of_o the_o native_n who_o resort_v hither_o to_o furnish_v the_o vessel_n with_o such_o provision_n as_o their_o country_n afford_v and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n lay_v the_o first_o rude_a draught_n of_o a_o city_n which_o at_o this_o day_n for_o strength_n trade_n beauty_n and_o bulk_n be_v not_o surpass_v by_o many_o in_o europe_n most_o of_o the_o danish_a king_n especial_o christian_n iu._n have_v be_v very_o active_a in_o beautify_v this_o city_n with_o a_o university_n church_n wall_n ditch_n etc._n etc._n james_n ecland_n bishop_n of_o roschild_n be_v the_o first_o that_o grant_v any_o privilege_n to_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1254._o these_o his_o successor_n ignatius_n confirm_v and_o they_o be_v afterward_o considerable_o enlarge_v by_o king_n waldemar_n in_o the_o year_n 1341_o and_o eric_n of_o pomeren_n in_o the_o year_n 1371._o christopher_n of_o bavaria_n endow_v it_o with_o municipal_a immunity_n like_o the_o other_o city_n of_o denmark_n in_o the_o year_n 1443._o all_o which_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o large_a charter_n of_o christian_a the_o three_o and_o frideric_n the_o second_o the_o citizen_n house_n till_o within_o these_o few_o year_n be_v very_o mean_a and_o low_a most_o of_o they_o patch_v up_o of_o wood_n and_o mortar_n but_o of_o late_o they_o be_v grow_v more_o curious_a and_o expensive_a in_o architecture_n and_o few_o of_o their_o street_n be_v without_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o fair_a brick_n building_n the_o cathedral_n church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n mary_n be_v beautify_v with_o a_o noble_a copper_n spire_n build_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o king_n christian_n the_o four_o the_o advowsance_n of_o this_o church_n belong_v to_o the_o professor_n in_o the_o university_n the_o marketplace_n be_v exceed_o spacious_a and_o no_o small_a ornament_n to_o the_o town_n beside_o these_o the_o king_n palace_n the_o arsenal_n which_o perhaps_o excel_v any_o thing_n that_o europe_n afford_v in_o this_o kind_n the_o observatory_n or_o runde_n taarn_v and_o the_o adjoin_a university_n church_n and_o library_n the_o exchange_n etc._n etc._n be_v place_n rich_o worth_a the_o see_n and_o deserve_v a_o large_a description_n than_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o short_a account_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n will_v permit_v the_o city_n be_v govern_v by_o four_o burgomaster_n one_o whereof_o be_v regent_n or_o precedent_n for_o his_o life_n this_o honour_n be_v at_o present_a confer_v on_o that_o worthy_a and_o learned_a person_n p._n john_n resenius_n professor_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n in_o the_o university_n at_o copenhagen_n and_o counsellor_n to_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n with_o he_o most_o of_o the_o other_o professor_n of_o note_n in_o this_o university_n as_o william_n langius_n former_o tutor_n to_o this_o present_a king_n christian_n the_o five_o erasmus_n vindingius_fw-la professor_n of_o history_n and_o geography_n and_o author_n of_o the_o academia_n hafniensis_n which_o give_v we_o a_o exact_a account_n of_o all_o the_o famous_a man_n that_o have_v ever_o flourish_v in_o this_o university_n thomas_n and_o erasmus_n bartholini_n both_o well_o know_v by_o their_o incomparable_a work_n etc._n etc._n be_v at_o this_o day_n minister_n of_o state_n in_o the_o court_n of_o denmark_n and_o keep_v only_o the_o title_n and_o pension_n of_o professor_n without_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o duty_n selandiae_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la daniae_fw-la insulae_fw-la chorographica_n descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n viro_fw-la illustri_fw-la ac_fw-la gentroso_fw-la dno_fw-la georgio_n seefeldo_n haereditario_fw-la in_o reffes_n regni_fw-la daniae_fw-la senatori_fw-la ac_fw-la judici_fw-la provintiali_fw-la selandico_n domino_fw-la ac_fw-la patrono_fw-la plurimum_fw-la honorando_fw-la d._n d._n d._n johannes_n janssonius_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a town_n and_o place_n of_o note_n in_o this_o island_n be_v roschild_n roschild_n 1._o roschild_n which_o take_v its_o name_n from_o a_o river_n run_v by_o the_o town_n which_o drive_v seven_o mill_n roe_n in_o the_o ancient_a danish_a tongue_n signify_v a_o king_n and_o kill_v a_o stream_n of_o water_n it_o be_v former_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o of_o late_a year_n this_o city_n have_v decay_v and_o copenhagen_n grow_v so_o fast_o that_o it_o be_v scarce_o remarkable_a for_o any_o thing_n at_o this_o day_n save_o the_o great_a old_a cathedral_n the_o bury_a place_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o some_o small_a trade_n this_o city_n be_v first_o make_v a_o bishop_n see_v by_o suenotho_n king_n of_o england_n denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n about_o the_o year_n 1012._o who_o give_v the_o bishopric_n of_o roschild_n which_o be_v now_o swallow_v up_o of_o copenhagen_n to_o gerebrand_n a_o monk_n afterward_o sueno_n gratenhede_v fortify_v it_o with_o a_o wall_n ditch_n and_o bulwark_n lyscander_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v once_o no_o less_o than_o twenty_o seven_o fair_a church_n in_o this_o town_n among_o these_o i_o suppose_v he_o reckon_v the_o chapel_n build_v by_o king_n harald_n svenotho_n father_n in_o which_o both_o he_o and_o his_o son_n who_o dead_a corpse_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o england_n to_o roschild_n to_o be_v bury_v be_v entomb_v in_o the_o old_a cathedral_n among_o many_o other_o rich_a monument_n in_o honour_n of_o several_a of_o the_o danish_a king_n and_o queen_n stand_v a_o fair_a marble_n pillar_n which_o margaret_n queen_n of_o denmark_n erect_v on_o purpose_n to_o hang_v thereon_o the_o whetstone_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o it_o with_o a_o chain_n which_o albert_n king_n of_o
that_o the_o ancient_a iselander_n be_v man_n of_o the_o same_o temper_n manner_n and_o religion_n with_o the_o norwegian_n from_o who_o they_o be_v descend_v i._n e._n man_n of_o vast_a stature_n strong_a and_o valiant_a great_a dueller_n and_o pirate_n but_o since_o christianity_n be_v introduce_v into_o their_o isle_n none_o of_o those_o barbarous_a quality_n which_o that_o dutch_a satirist_n lay_v to_o their_o charge_n can_v just_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o catholic_a enormity_n of_o the_o island_n '_o tho_o it_o be_v possible_a some_o few_o may_v still_o be_v find_v among_o several_a thousand_o that_o to_o this_o day_n retain_v a_o small_a tincture_n of_o the_o old_a idolatrous_a superstition_n and_o ungentile_a demeanour_n of_o their_o ancestor_n their_o temperance_n in_o meat_n and_o drink_n and_o the_o natural_o strong_a constitution_n of_o their_o body_n enable_v they_o to_o last_v out_o common_o to_o a_o good_a old_a age_n though_o i_o can_v but_o refer_v olaus_n magnus_n and_o blefkenius_fw-la to_o the_o reader_n sentence_n the_o former_a of_o which_o tell_v we_o the_o iselander_n live_v ordinary_o three_o hundred_o year_n the_o latter_a with_o more_o modesty_n and_o caution_n which_o in_o he_o be_v rare_a quality_n report_v that_o he_o see_v a_o man_n in_o iseland_n who_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o have_v then_o live_v two_o hundred_o year_n by_o the_o account_n which_o blefkenius_fw-la give_v of_o the_o habitation_n of_o the_o iselander_n habitation_n habitation_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v conclude_v that_o either_o he_o never_o travel_v among_o they_o whatever_o he_o pretend_v to_o or_o else_o he_o mistake_v their_o house_n cover_v with_o turf_n and_o grow_v over_o with_o grass_n for_o small_a hillock_n and_o rampire_n for_o he_o say_v all_o their_o house_n be_v underground_o and_o they_o their_o kine_n horse_n and_o sheep_n have_v all_o one_o cave_n ancient_o the_o iselander_n like_o the_o german_n in_o tacitus_n day_n dwell_v far_o apart_o according_a as_o every_o man_n take_v a_o affection_n to_o this_o field_n or_o that_o fountain_n this_o wood_n side_n or_o that_o plain_a they_o use_v neither_o mortar_n nor_o tile_n but_o the_o whole_a fabric_n of_o their_o house_n consist_v of_o timber_n and_o turf_n their_o window_n be_v most_o common_o in_o the_o roof_n seldom_o in_o the_o wall_n of_o their_o cottage_n some_o of_o their_o nobility_n have_v more_o stately_a palace_n build_v of_o large_a piece_n of_o timber_n bring_v hither_o out_o of_o groneland_n and_o norway_n at_o this_o day_n their_o house_n be_v most_o of_o wood_n cover_v over_o with_o turf_n except_o in_o their_o city_n hola_o and_o skalholt_n where_o instead_o of_o tile_n they_o make_v use_v of_o fir-board_n but_o since_o the_o trade_n between_o they_o and_o norway_n begin_v to_o decrease_v their_o building_n have_v lose_v much_o of_o their_o ancient_a splendour_n and_o the_o neat_a of_o their_o village_n run_v daily_a to_o ruin_v beside_o their_o traffic_n with_o foreign_a nation_n be_v much_o abate_v and_o they_o seem_v to_o draw_v towards_o that_o degree_n of_o meanness_n which_o krantzius_n speak_v of_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o the_o iselander_n and_o their_o cattle_n have_v the_o same_o lodging_n arngrim_n confess_v that_o upon_o the_o south-shore_n of_o the_o isle_n near_o skalholt_n there_o be_v three_o small_a parish_n in_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v destitute_a both_o of_o wood_n and_o turf_n the_o only_a fuel_n of_o the_o country_n the_o poor_a sort_n of_o these_o be_v not_o able_a to_o purchase_v fuel_n from_o abroad_o be_v constrain_v in_o the_o extremity_n of_o winter_n to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o a_o corner_n of_o their_o oxstall_n and_o there_o borrow_v heat_n from_o their_o cattle_n it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o iseland_n whatever_o munster_n frisius_n diet._n diet._n and_o blefkenius_fw-la say_v to_o the_o contrary_a that_o upon_o the_o first_o inhabit_v of_o this_o isle_n the_o ground_n be_v till_v and_o several_a sort_n of_o grain_n sow_v and_o reap_v it_o be_v a_o malicious_a slander_n to_o say_v as_o those_o author_n do_v that_o the_o islander_n feed_v upon_o carrion_n and_o unsavoury_a meat_n and_o want_v the_o use_n of_o bread_n the_o best_a and_o happy_a of_o nation_n be_v now_o and_o then_o upon_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n drive_v to_o harsh_a extremity_n in_o meat_n and_o drink_n and_o force_v in_o spite_n of_o former_a plenty_n to_o submit_v to_o a_o famine_n and_o it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o sea_n about_o iseland_n bind_v up_o by_o a_o long_a continue_a frost_n may_v sometime_o bring_v the_o like_a calamity_n upon_o this_o isle_n who_o have_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o food_n out_o of_o these_o water_n but_o set_v aside_o all_o such_o accidental_a casualty_n and_o extraordinary_a dispensation_n of_o god_n providence_n iseland_n be_v as_o well_o provide_v for_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n in_o meat_n and_o drink_n as_o any_o other_o country_n whatever_o for_o the_o iselander_n have_v general_o considerable_a stock_n of_o kine_n and_o sheep_n beside_o large_a pile_n of_o dry_a fish_n of_o several_a sort_n it_o be_v true_a a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n want_v bread_n and_o salt_n which_o be_v reckon_v two_o of_o the_o great_a requisite_n in_o furnish_v out_o one_o of_o our_o southern_a table_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v serious_o consider_v the_o vast_a strength_n and_o healthy_a constitution_n which_o these_o usual_o enjoy_v and_o the_o old_a age_n they_o ordinary_o arrive_v at_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o conclude_v that_o dry_a fish_n will_v prove_v as_o trusty_a a_o staff_n of_o life_n as_o bread_n if_o we_o be_v use_v to_o it_o and_o that_o salt_n may_v probable_o be_v convenient_a in_o a_o hot_a country_n to_o preserve_v our_o meat_n from_o corrupt_v but_o need_v not_o be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o the_o table_n in_o short_a the_o islander_n have_v all_o manner_n of_o necessary_a and_o substantial_a food_n as_o beef_n mutton_n goose_n hen_n partridge_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o fowl_n they_o want_v only_o the_o delicacy_n of_o sauce_n which_o other_o country_n enjoy_v and_o the_o sharpness_n of_o their_o air_n furnish_v they_o with_o stomach_n which_o easy_o supply_v that_o defect_n the_o most_o general_a drink_v use_v among_o they_o be_v whey_n drink_v drink_v which_o be_v common_o so_o good_a that_o a_o ounce_n of_o it_o will_v very_o well_o bear_v half_a a_o ounce_n of_o water_n sometime_o they_o drink_v a_o kind_n of_o mead_n make_v of_o a_o little_a barley_n flower_n and_o a_o honeycomb_n boil_v in_o water_n another_o liquor_n they_o have_v which_o be_v squeeze_v out_o of_o a_o certain_a red_a berry_n peculiar_a to_o this_o isle_n the_o ancient_a iselander_n use_v to_o import_v beer_n from_o denmark_n scotland_n norway_n england_n and_o other_o foreign_a country_n but_o for_o many_o year_n last_o past_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v any_o considerable_a commerce_n with_o these_o nation_n and_o upon_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n be_v force_v to_o content_v themselves_o with_o such_o liquor_n as_o their_o own_o land_n afford_v how_o poor_a and_o mean_a soever_o these_o liquor_n may_v seem_v to_o southern_a palate_n use_v to_o the_o juice_n of_o the_o grape_n yet_o with_o these_o the_o ancient_a iselander_n can_v make_v merry_a and_o keep_v banquet_n and_o revel_n with_o the_o mean_a fare_n beforementioned_a what_o grandeur_n their_o public_a entertainment_n want_v in_o the_o delicacy_n of_o the_o viand_n and_o richness_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v make_v out_o in_o the_o length_n of_o their_o feast_n and_o number_n of_o their_o guest_n thus_o we_o read_v that_o theodore_n and_o thorwald_n brethren_n and_o citizen_n of_o hialtaedat_fw-la in_o north_n iseland_n solcmnize_n the_o funeral_n of_o their_o father_n hialta_n entertain_v twelve_o hundred_o person_n for_o fourteen_o day_n together_o at_o a_o banquet_n and_o at_o their_o departure_n present_v the_o chief_a of_o their_o guest_n with_o gift_n answerable_a to_o their_o quality_n after_o the_o same_o rate_n and_o for_o as_o long_o a_o time_n olaus_n pa_n a_o west_n islander_n and_o his_o brethren_n entertain_v nine_o hundred_o man_n but_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o this_o be_v a_o instance_n of_o the_o generosity_n and_o gallantry_n or_o not_o rather_o prodigality_n of_o these_o people_n for_o the_o northern_a nation_n be_v general_o strange_o lavish_a in_o their_o entertainment_n at_o wedding_n and_o burial_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v grow_v a_o proverb_n in_o some_o of_o those_o country_n pay_v for_o thy_o father_n coffin_n before_o thou_o think_v of_o buy_v a_o cradle_n meaning_n that_o the_o entertainment_n at_o the_o burial_n of_o a_o father_n and_o marriage_n of_o a_o new_a wife_n if_o they_o come_v together_o be_v sufficient_a to_o ruin_v a_o man_n in_o his_o estate_n and_o make_v his_o heir_n a_o beggar_n before_o the_o
40._o place_v these_o map_n in_o poland_n alphabet_n the_o second_o 14._o novissima_fw-la poloniae_fw-la descriptio_fw-la pag._n 1._o 15._o palatinatus_n posnaniensis_fw-la pag._n 13._o 16._o prussia_n pag._n 15._o 17._o tractuum_fw-la borussiae_n pag._n 16._o 18._o magnus_fw-la ducatus_fw-la lithuaniae_fw-la pag._n 19_o 19_o nova_fw-la totius_fw-la livoniae_fw-la descriptio_fw-la pag._n 20._o place_v these_o in_o sweden_n alphabet_n the_o three_o 20._o suetiae_fw-la norvegiae_fw-la &_o daniae_n pag._n 31._o 21._o magnus_fw-la ducatus_fw-la finlandiae_fw-la pag._n 34._o 22._o gothiae_n pag._n 24._o 23._o vplandiae_fw-la pag._n 13._o 24._o dalecarliae_fw-la &_o westermanniae_fw-la pag._n 12._o 25._o regni_fw-la norvegiae_fw-la descript_n pag._n 66._o 26._o novissima_fw-la islandiae_fw-la tabula_fw-la pag._n 68_o 27._o dioecesis_fw-la trundhemiensis_fw-la pars_fw-la australis_fw-la pag._n 68_o 28._o episcopatus_fw-la bergensis_fw-la pag._n 67._o 29._o episcop_n stavangriensis_n bergensis_fw-la &_o aslocensis_n pag._n 67._o 30._o regni_fw-la daniae_fw-la delineat_fw-la pag._n 41._o 31._o scania_n vulgo_fw-la schonen_fw-mi pag._n 25._o 32._o selandiae_fw-la pag._n 62_o 33._o lalandiae_fw-la &_o falstriae_fw-la pag._n 64._o 34._o fioniae_fw-la vulgo_fw-la funen_n pag._n 61._o 35._o jutiae_fw-la generalis_fw-la pag._n 52._o 36._o jutiae_fw-la septent_n pag._n 52._o 37._o jutiae_fw-la australis_fw-la pag._n 54._o 38._o ducatus_fw-la slevicensis_fw-la pag._n 54._o 39_o ducatus_fw-la slesvicensis_fw-la septent_fw-la pag._n 54._o 40._o ducat_n slesvicensis_fw-la aust_n pag._n 54._o 41._o ducatus_fw-la holsatiae_fw-la descript_n pag._n 56._o 42._o dithmarsiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n pag._n 58._o 43._o wagriae_fw-la pag._n 59_o 44._o stormariae_fw-la pag._n 58._o the_o map_n may_v be_v place_v with_o the_o description_n as_o here_o direct_v or_o after_o they_o or_o in_o a_o volume_n by_o themselves_o as_o the_o buyer_n please_v book_n print_v at_o the_o theatre_n in_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n since_o 1672._o and_o sell_v by_o moses_n pitt_n at_o the_o angel_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n london_n in_o folio_n the_o synodicon_n or_o canon_n of_o ancient_a council_n with_o their_o scholia_fw-la greek_n &_o latin_a in_o 2._o vol._n a_o catalogue_n of_o print_a book_n in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n in_o oxford_n the_o history_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n lat._n the_o description_n of_o the_o college_n and_o public_a building_n in_o the_o university_n in_o perspective_n the_o history_n of_o lapland_n the_o arundel_n marble_n and_o other_o in_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n describe_v lat._n the_o natural_a history_n of_o oxford-shire_n by_o dr._n plot._n the_o history_n of_o the_o life_n of_o king_n aelfred_n lat._n dr._n pocock_n commentary_n on_o the_o lesser_a prophet_n whereof_o part_n be_v now_o in_o the_o press_n jamblichus_n of_o egyptian_a mystery_n greek_a &_o latin_n dr._n charletons_n description_n of_o animal_n lat._n st._n cyprian_n work_n now_o in_o the_o press_n lat._n josephus_n gr._n &_o lat._n now_o in_o the_o press_n the_o great_a universal_a herbal_a of_o dr._n morison_n almost_o finish_v lat._n jo._n scotus_n de_fw-fr divisione_n naturae_fw-la not_o yet_o extant_a now_o in_o the_o press_n lat._n the_o 2d._o and_o 3d._o volume_n of_o the_o atlas_n now_o in_o the_o press_n which_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v finish_v before_o dec._n 25._o 1680._o a_o large_a english_a bible_n on_o imperial_a paper_n of_o the_o same_o print_n as_o this_o volume_n of_o atlas_n be_v in_o quarto_n several_a english_a bibles_n dr._n willis_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la brutorum_fw-la lat._n his_o pharmaceutice_n rationalis_fw-la 2._o vol._n lat._n the_o description_n of_o the_o most_o rare_a plant_n of_o sicily_n malta_n italy_n etc._n etc._n by_o p._n boccone_n lat._n four_o controversial_a dialogue_n by_o d._n cole_n a_o tract_n of_o maimonides_n heb._n &_o lat._n of_o the_o tything_n for_o the_o poor_a etc._n etc._n the_o history_n of_o the_o jacobit_n etc._n etc._n by_o jos_n abudacnus_n lat._n edw._n earl_n of_o clarendon_n against_o mr._n hobbs_n the_o benefit_n of_o our_o saviour_n to_o mankind_n dr._n sall_n votum_fw-la pro_fw-la pace_n lat._n a_o discourse_n of_o convex-glass_n in_o octavo_fw-la tho._n lidiat_n chronological_a canon_n lat._n dr._n vossius_fw-la de_fw-la poematum_fw-la cantu_fw-la lat._n de_fw-fr sibyllinis_fw-la oraculis_fw-la lat._n dr._n mayow_o de_fw-fr spiritu_fw-la nitroaereo_a etc._n etc._n lat._n dr._n brevint_v saul_n and_o samuel_n or_o the_o new_a way_n of_o salvation_n etc._n etc._n a_o paraphrase_n and_o annot._n on_o the_o epistle_n of_o st._n paul_n etc._n etc._n the_o lady_n call_v the_o government_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o art_n of_o contentment_n the_o lively_a oracle_n xenophon_n cyr._n paed._n gr._n a_o dissertation_n of_o free-school_n by_o c._n wase_n epicteti_fw-la ench._n &_o theophrasti_n charact._n gr._n &_o lat._n the_o certainty_n of_o christian_a faith_n by_o dr._n whitby_n the_o deaf_a and_o dumb_a man_n tutor_n by_o geo._n dalgarno_n catholico-romanus_n pacificus_fw-la by_o jo._n barnes_n a_o english_a benedictine_n lat._n herodian_o history_n gr._n &_o lat._n zosimus_n history_n gr._n &_o lat._n aratus_n with_o schol._n gr._n nemesius_n de_fw-fr nat._n hom._n gr._n &_o lat._n quintilians_n declam_n lat._n the_o history_n of_o west_n barbary_n homer_n iliad_n gr._n with_o the_o schol._n theocrit_n gr._n with_o the_o schol._n suetonius_n lat._n the_o state_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n by_o tho._n smith_n mr._n oughtred_n mathematical_a tract_n not_o before_o extant_a pliny_n epistle_n lat._n demetrius_n phalereus_n de_fw-fr elocut_n gr._n &_o lat._n pachymerius_n logic._n gr._n &_o lat._n reflection_n on_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n by_o h._n luzancy_n greek_a psalter_n according_a to_o the_o alexandrian_a copy_n in_o twelves_o new_a testament_n gr._n with_o the_o various_a reading_n dr._n cole_n de_fw-fr secretione_fw-la lat._n grotius_n de_fw-fr veritate_fw-la etc._n etc._n lat._n st._n clement_n epist_n gr._n &_o lat._n cornelius_n nepos_n lat._n grammatica_fw-la rationis_fw-la lat._n ars_fw-la rationis_fw-la lat._n lily_n grammar_n with_o note_n lat._n of_o the_o education_n of_o gentleman_n depth_n and_o mystery_n of_o the_o roman_a mass_n by_o dr._n brevint_n the_o christian_a sacrifice_n etc._n etc._n maximus_fw-la tyrius_n gr._n &_o lat._n b._n andrews_n devotion_n gr._n &_o lat._n dr._n willis_n pharmac_n rat._n 2._o vol._n lat._n archimedes_n his_o arenarius_n gr._n &_o lat._n justins_n history_n lat._n dr._n sall_n defence_n of_o the_o catholic_a religion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o eng._n sallusts_n history_n lat._n m._n aurel._n antoninus_n gr._n &_o lat._n faustinus_n work_n lat._n epictetus_n gr._n &_o lat._n seneca_n tragedy_n lat._n elegantiae_fw-la poeticae_fw-la lat._n new_a test_n lat._n bibles_n 12._o eng._n common_a prayer_n 12._o and_o 24._o eng._n a_o brief_a explication_n of_o the_o catechism_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n book_n prepare_v for_o the_o press_n a_o volume_n of_o the_o ancient_a english_a historian_n never_o yet_o print_v a_o saxon_a lexicon_n the_o work_n of_o mr._n junius_n not_o yet_o print_v his_o etymologicon_n not_o yet_o print_v several_a of_o the_o ancient_a greek_a mathematician_n the_o coptic_n gospel_n and_o psalter_n the_o saxon_a chronology_n lactantius_n instit_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o in_o the_o press_n orosius_n hist_n jo._n antioch_n gr._n &_o lat._n never_o yet_o print_v with_o many_o other_o almost_o fit_v for_o the_o press_n the_o englishatlas_n volume_n two_o tome_n i_o the_o english_a atlas_n volume_n ii_o contain_v the_o description_n of_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n viz._n the_o upper_a and_o low_a saxony_n the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n bremen_n magdeburg_n etc._n etc._n the_o marquisates_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o misnia_n with_o the_o territory_n adjoin_v the_o palatinate_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n by_o william_n nicolson_n m._n a._n fellow_n of_o queen_n college_n oxon_n oxford_z print_v at_o the_o theater_n for_o moses_n pitt_n at_o the_o angel_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n london_n mdclxxxi_o to_o the_o queen_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n this_o second_o volume_n of_o the_o english_a atlas_n be_v dedicate_v by_o the_o humble_a of_o your_o majesty_n servant_n moses_n pitt_n nova_fw-la totius_fw-la germaniae_fw-la descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbâ—rgios_a mosem_fw-la pâ—â—â—_n et_fw-fr stâ—phâ—â—â—_n sâ—â—â—t_fw-la the_o general_a description_n of_o germany_n germany_n as_o describe_v by_o ptolemy_n â—â—unds_n â—â—cient_a â—â—unds_n and_o other_o ancient_a writer_n be_v doubtless_o of_o a_o much_o large_a extent_n than_o the_o vast_a country_n which_o at_o this_o day_n bear_v that_o name_n tacitus_n have_v give_v this_o account_n of_o it_o germany_n say_v he_o be_v separate_v from_o gallia_n rhetia_n and_o pannonia_n by_o the_o river_n danow_n and_o the_o rhine_n from_o the_o sarmatian_n and_o dacian_o it_o be_v divide_v and_o defend_v by_o a_o long_a ridge_n of_o mountain_n and_o a_o mutual_a awe_n which_o oblige_v these_o fierce_a nation_n and_o the_o german_n to_o rest_v content_v on_o each_o side_n with_o their_o ancient_a bound_n and_o property_n the_o rest_n of_o it_o be_v encompass_v with_o
long_o since_o give_v of_o it_o cedere_fw-la danubius_n se_fw-la tibi_fw-la nile_n negate_fw-la as_o soon_o as_o it_o come_v into_o illyricum_n near_o the_o city_n belgradum_n which_o the_o german_n call_v stuhlweissenburg_n it_o lose_v it_o name_n and_o be_v call_v isther_n at_o last_o qui_fw-la centum_fw-la populos_fw-la &_o magnas_fw-la alluit_fw-la urbes_fw-la euxinum_n irrumpit_fw-la bis_fw-la terno_fw-la flumine_fw-la pontum_fw-la one_o of_o these_o six_o current_n run_v with_o that_o violence_n into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n that_o it_o be_v say_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n fresh_a and_o sweet_a for_o near_o forty_o english_a mile_n together_o it_o be_v a_o admirable_a singularity_n in_o the_o danow_n that_o it_o alone_o of_o all_o the_o great_a river_n in_o europe_n run_v with_o a_o strange_o rapid_a current_n eastward_o whereas_o most_o other_o run_v either_o to_o the_o west_n or_o south_n some_o few_o northwards_o but_o not_o one_o so_o direct_o east_n solomon_n schweigger_n a_o german_a traveller_n report_v that_o sweet_a water_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o danow_n by_o aqueduct_n to_o constantinople_n which_o be_v two_o day_n journey_n from_o any_o part_n of_o this_o river_n before_o the_o danow_n leave_v germany_n though_o strabo_n assert_v the_o contrary_a it_o meet_v with_o these_o three_o notorious_a cataract_n 1._o der_fw-mi saw-russel_a or_o the_o swines-snout_n so_o call_v from_o a_o sharp_a point_a rock_n hang_v into_o the_o river_n near_o lintz_n in_o austria_n under_o which_o be_v a_o most_o dangerous_a and_o almost_o unavoidable_a whirlpool_n which_o certain_o suck_v in_o all_o the_o vessel_n which_o sail_v near_o it_o except_o manage_v by_o more_o than_o ordinary_a care_n and_o discretion_n ath._n kircher_n in_o his_o mund._o subterr_v say_v that_o whatever_o be_v swallow_v by_o this_o whirlpool_n be_v throw_v up_o again_o in_o a_o lake_n near_o canische_n in_o hungary_n 2._o der_fw-mi strudel_n so_o call_v from_o the_o noise_n which_o the_o water_n make_v in_o its_o fall_n this_o be_v a_o perilous_a cataract_n near_o greinon_n in_o austria_n where_o the_o water_n fall_v with_o a_o great_a violence_n among_o the_o rock_n distract_v the_o waterman_n with_o its_o noise_n and_o smoke_n and_o too_o often_o either_o overturns_a or_o split_v their_o vessel_n so_o that_o few_o or_o none_o be_v former_o so_o foolhardy_a as_o to_o pass_v this_o precipice_n without_o the_o assistance_n and_o conduct_n of_o some_o expert_a boor_n in_o the_o vicenage_n who_o for_o many_o year_n have_v make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o understand_v all_o the_o little_a creek_n and_o wind_n in_o this_o dangerous_a passage_n but_o of_o late_a year_n it_o have_v not_o be_v reckon_v a_o matter_n of_o so_o great_a difficulty_n to_o shoot_v this_o gulf._n on_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o the_o high_a rock_n stand_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n where_o former_o as_o the_o report_n go_v some_o notorious_a pirate_n who_o live_v upon_o the_o pillage_n of_o such_o boat_n as_o they_o can_v now_o and_o then_o hook_n into_o some_o of_o the_o neighbour_a cliff_n keep_v their_o residence_n 3._o der_fw-mi wurbel_n or_o whirlpool_n not_o much_o more_o than_o a_o furlong_n distant_a from_o the_o strudel_n the_o waterman_n that_o use_v this_o passage_n be_v of_o late_o grow_v so_o expert_a in_o shun_v this_o gulf_n that_o except_o your_o pilot_n be_v drink_v which_o be_v here_o no_o strange_a mishap_n there_o be_v little_a danger_n of_o miscarriage_n as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v pass_v the_o whirlpool_n you_o be_v sure_a to_o be_v wait_v on_o by_o a_o fellow_n bear_v st._n nicolas_n picture_n to_o who_o a_o adjoin_a chapel_n be_v dedicate_v and_o a_o alms-box_n into_o which_o every_o man_n cast_v what_o he_o please_v as_o a_o offering_n of_o thansgiving_n to_o that_o saint_n for_o the_o late_a deliverance_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o great_a rock_n which_o cause_v a_o great_a motion_n in_o the_o water_n stand_v the_o relic_n of_o a_o ancient_a fort_n which_o the_o german_n call_v der_fw-mi tuffel_n thurn_n or_o the_o devil_n tower_n the_o original_n of_o which_o name_n according_a to_o aventinus_n relation_n be_v this_o on_o a_o time_n bruno_n bishop_n of_o wurtzburg_n accompany_v the_o emperor_n in_o his_o passage_n down_o the_o danow_n when_o they_o come_v to_o this_o tower_n they_o be_v sudden_o scare_v by_o a_o strange_a apparition_n in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o blackamoor_n say_v i_o be_o bruno_n thy_o evil_a genius_n i_o shall_v do_v thou_o no_o mischief_n at_o present_a but_o thou_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o meet_v with_o i_o again_o ever_o long_o when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o bosenburg_n a_o village_n within_o ten_o english_a mile_n of_o this_o wurbel_n where_o passenger_n usual_o refresh_v themselves_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o chamber_n where_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o bishop_n be_v a_o rest_v themselves_o sudden_o fall_v down_o kill_v bruno_n ii_o the_o next_o great_a river_n in_o germany_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o rhine_n some_o etymologist_n derive_v this_o word_n from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o flow_v because_o of_o its_o rapid_a current_n other_o fetch_v it_o from_o a_o old_a celtish_a word_n rijen_n which_o signify_v to_o divide_v or_o separate_v allude_v to_o the_o old_a story_n before_o mention_v of_o the_o separation_n of_o france_n from_o germany_n by_o this_o river_n but_o the_o generality_n of_o modern_a dutch_a writer_n be_v please_v to_o fancy_n that_o it_o come_v from_o the_o ordinary_a german_a word_n rein_n which_o signify_v pure_a or_o clean_a because_o forsooth_o it_o be_v a_o fashion_n among_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n to_o try_v whether_o their_o child_n be_v legitimate_a or_o spurious_a by_o cast_v they_o into_o the_o rhine_n which_o will_v never_o suffer_v those_o to_o sink_v who_o be_v lawful_o beget_v but_o usual_o drown_v the_o bastard_n this_o story_n cesar_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o commentary_n and_o hence_o say_v schottelius_fw-la the_o german_n to_o this_o day_n retain_v this_o proverbial_a say_n of_o any_o notorious_a and_o scandalous_a crime_n das_n weschet_fw-mi ihm_fw-ge der_fw-ge rhein_n night_n ab_fw-la i._n e._n the_o rhine_n can_v never_o wash_v this_o of_o tacitus_n report_v that_o the_o old_a german_n worship_v the_o rhine_n as_o a_o god_n martial_n allude_v to_o some_o such_o thing_n when_o he_o say_v nympharum_fw-la pater_fw-la amniumque_fw-la rhenus_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o modern_a german_n seem_v to_o be_v little_o less_o jealous_a of_o the_o repute_n of_o this_o noble_a river_n when_o they_o give_v out_o that_o die_v thonau_n ist_fw-mi aller_fw-fr wasser_n ein_fw-mi frau_n aber_fw-ge der_fw-ge rhein_n make_fw-mi mit_fw-fr ehren_n wool_fw-mi ihr_fw-ge mann_n seyn_fw-mi i._n e._n the_o danow_n be_v indeed_o the_o lady_n paramount_n of_o rivers_n but_o the_o rhine_n may_v well_o seem_v to_o be_v her_o husband_n where_o note_n that_o the_o danow_n be_v as_o most_o other_o name_n of_o river_n in_o the_o high_a dutch_a tongue_n be_v of_o the_o feminine_a gender_n but_o the_o rhine_n of_o the_o masculine_a there_o be_v two_o spring_n in_o the_o rhaetian_a or_o celtic_a alps_n as_o some_o author_n call_v they_o from_o which_o the_o rhine_n have_v its_o rise_n the_o first_o not_o far_o from_o a_o small_a village_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n tavetsch_n out_o of_o a_o considerable_o high_a mountain_n which_o the_o german_n call_v st._n gottarde_n geburg_n the_o other_o fountain_n be_v not_o far_o from_o reinwald_n in_o rhaetia_n these_o two_o fountain_n be_v about_o forty_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o each_o other_o but_o their_o current_n meet_v in_o one_o about_o eight_o of_o the_o same_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n cur._n within_o three_o quarter_n of_o one_o of_o our_o mile_n from_o this_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o stream_n the_o river_n dilate_v itself_o into_o that_o vast_a lake_n which_o be_v ordinary_o by_o a_o corruption_n of_o the_o name_n of_o poomen_fw-mi a_o town_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o this_o water_n call_v der_n bodensee_a the_o broad_a part_n of_o this_o swift_a river_n be_v betwixt_o the_o city_n emeric_n and_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o schenckenschantz_n where_o the_o breadth_n of_o it_o be_v judge_v but_o i_o be_o afraid_a the_o story_n have_v outstretched_a the_o measuring-chain_n some_o furlong_n to_o exceed_v two_o english_a mile_n immediate_o after_o the_o union_n of_o the_o forementioned_a current_n the_o depth_n of_o the_o rhine_n be_v so_o considerable_a that_o vessel_n of_o large_a bulk_n and_o burden_n may_v easy_o if_o not_o let_v by_o several_a cataract_n and_o rock_n which_o block_n up_o their_o way_n sail_v from_o stein_n to_o francsurt_v on_o the_o meyn_n collen_n mentz_n and_o all_o other_o place_n of_o consequence_n upon_o this_o river_n the_o cataract_n of_o the_o rhine_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v nine_o in_o all_o whereof_o seven_o
our_o countryman_n verstegan_n fetch_v celtae_n from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d light-horseman_n assert_v i_o suppose_v for_o the_o etymology_n sake_n that_o the_o ancient_a celts_n be_v excellent_a warrior_n on_o horseback_n but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o we_o shall_v go_v as_o far_o as_o greece_n to_o seek_v for_o the_o derivation_n of_o this_o word_n cesar_n tell_v we_o those_o man_n who_o the_o latin_n call_v gaul_n be_v use_v to_o name_v themselves_o celts_n and_o pausanias_n confirm_v the_o story_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n at_o last_o it_o grow_v a_o fashion_n to_o name_v they_o gaul_n galatas_n but_o former_o both_o they_o themselves_o and_o other_o call_v they_o celts_n it_o be_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v and_o several_a other_o authority_n which_o may_v be_v produce_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n manifest_a that_o the_o german_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o western_a part_n of_o europe_n call_v themselves_o celts_n and_o do_v not_o borrow_v that_o name_n from_o the_o language_n of_o any_o foreign_a nation_n some_o dutch_a etymologist_n derive_v the_o name_n from_o the_o german_a word_n gelten_fw-mi i.e._n valere_n to_o be_v worth_a whence_o the_o ordinary_a dutch_a word_n geld_v money_n ground_v their_o opinion_n upon_o the_o authority_n of_o strabo_n who_o tell_v they_o that_o the_o celts_n be_v so_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o they_o interpret_v from_o the_o preeminence_n they_o have_v among_o other_o nation_n so_o that_o with_o these_o man_n a_o celt_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o man_n of_o extraordinary_a worth_n and_o accomplishment_n cluverius_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o indignation_n reject_v this_o opinion_n which_o nevertheless_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o high_a value_n the_o celts_n use_v to_o set_v upon_o their_o own_o person_n have_v as_o great_a a_o show_n of_o probability_n on_o its_o side_n as_o his_o own_o beforemention_v i_o find_v that_o in_o our_o old_a british_a or_o welsh_a tongue_n which_o be_v a_o undoubted_a dialect_n of_o the_o ancient_a celtic_a language_n celi_n signify_v god_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o as_o rational_a to_o bring_v the_o derivative_a celtic_a from_o this_o primitive_a as_o to_o fetch_v the_o word_n gothic_n from_o gott_n or_o god_n and_o teutsch_n from_o teut._n of_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o etymology_n we_o have_v already_o give_v a_o hint_n in_o the_o description_n of_o denmark_n and_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o same_o subject_n more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o follow_a paragraph_n we_o see_v then_o dutch._n dutch._n that_o the_o name_n celts_n be_v not_o appropriate_v to_o the_o german_n only_o who_o make_v up_o no_o more_o than_o one_o of_o the_o five_o province_n into_o which_o the_o vast_a celtic_a nation_n be_v divide_v but_o other_o particular_a name_n we_o meet_v with_o in_o ancient_a and_o modern_a historian_n which_o be_v peculiar_o ascribe_v to_o the_o german_n among_o these_o the_o name_n of_o teutones_n or_o teutonici_n turn_v by_o the_o high_a dutch_a into_o die_fw-fr deutschen_n or_o teutschen_n by_o the_o netherlander_n into_o de_fw-fr duytschen_n by_o the_o dane_n and_o swede_n into_o de_n tydsker_n and_o last_o by_o the_o english_a into_o the_o dutch_a seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o great_a antiquity_n some_o very_a unskilful_a etymologist_n have_v endeavour_v to_o bring_v this_o word_n from_o the_o name_n aschanax_v which_o they_o read_v ascanes_n beforementioned_a for_o by_o prefix_v the_o german_a particle_n thy_o use_v former_o instead_o of_o die_v to_o this_o proper_a name_n they_o present_o turn_v it_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o apostrophy_n and_o a_o german_a termination_n into_o the_o ascanen_n which_o they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o question_n but_o be_v afterward_o corrupt_v into_o tuiscones_n teutones_n teutsch_n deutsch_n etc._n etc._n but_o to_o pass_v by_o other_o impertinency_n of_o this_o derivation_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v allow_v a_o grand_a soloecism_n in_o any_o language_n to_o prefix_v two_o article_n to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o noun_n which_o we_o must_v be_v force_v to_o admit_v of_o by_o fetch_v die_v teutschen_n from_o thy_o the_o ascanen_n the_o most_o probable_a derivation_n of_o teutsch_n be_v from_o teut_n the_o name_n of_o one_o of_o the_o ancient_a celtic_a deity_n lucan_n talk_v of_o the_o gaulish_a god_n say_v et_fw-fr quibus_fw-la immitis_fw-la placatur_fw-la sanguine_fw-la diro_fw-la teutates_fw-la and_o tacitus_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o german_n in_o his_o day_n tell_v we_o celebrant_n carminibus_fw-la antiquis_fw-la tuistonem_fw-la some_o copy_n of_o good_a note_n read_v tuitonem_fw-la deum_fw-la terra_fw-la editum_fw-la &_o filium_fw-la mannum_fw-la originem_fw-la gentis_fw-la conditoresque_fw-la i.e._n they_o sing_v ballad_n in_o praise_n of_o their_o god_n tuit_fw-la and_o his_o son_n man_n the_o first_o founder_n of_o their_o nation_n this_o teut_n theut_fw-fr or_o tuit_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o phenician_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o egyptian_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o alexandrian_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d all_o mention_v by_o bochart_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o the_o grecian_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o well_o as_o the_o latin_a word_n deus_n be_v all_o spring_v from_o the_o same_o original_n from_o this_o primitive_a it_o be_v obvious_a to_o form_v the_o derivative_a teutisch_n which_o will_v signify_v as_o much_o as_o one_o descend_v from_o the_o stock_n or_o lineage_n of_o the_o god_n teut_n afterward_o contract_v into_o teutsch_n and_o thus_o in_o short_a to_o tell_v we_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v descend_v from_o man_n which_o the_o old_a egyptian_n as_o well_o as_o german_n use_v instead_o of_o the_o hebrew_n word_n adam_n the_o son_n of_o teut_fw-fr be_v to_o run_v up_o the_o pedigree_n of_o this_o people_n as_o st._n luke_n have_v do_v our_o saviour_n unto_o adam_n which_o be_v the_o son_n of_o god_n nor_o be_v the_o german_n only_o heretofore_o guilty_a of_o this_o vanity_n and_o arrogance_n but_o almost_o every_o nation_n under_o heaven_n diodorus_n siculus_n can_v long_o ago_o tell_v we_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n i._n e._n the_o barbarian_n as_o well_o as_o greek_n cast_v about_o for_o the_o reputation_n of_o be_v think_v descend_v from_o a_o ancient_a stock_n and_o lineage_n and_o strive_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o have_v themselves_o take_v for_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o their_o own_o country_n to_o compass_v these_o design_n it_o be_v usual_a with_o they_o to_o compose_v certain_a fabulous_a rythm_n which_o contain_v large_a and_o complete_a genealogy_n of_o particular_a family_n as_o high_a as_o some_o great_a god_n or_o other_o who_o they_o fancy_v to_o spring_v up_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o we_o find_v it_o be_v so_o ordinary_a a_o thing_n among_o the_o greek_n to_o derive_v a_o man_n pedigree_n from_o jupiter_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o ulysses_n slight_v that_o piece_n of_o vanity_n in_o his_o antagonist_n nam_fw-la genus_fw-la &_o proavos_fw-la &_o quae_fw-la non_fw-la fecimus_fw-la ipsi_fw-la vix_fw-la ea_fw-la nostra_fw-la voco_fw-la sed_fw-la enim_fw-la quia_fw-la retulit_fw-la ajax_n esse_fw-la jovis_n pronepos_fw-la nostri_fw-la quoque_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la auctor_fw-la jupiter_n est_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o you_o see_v how_o hardly_o he_o be_v provoke_v into_o a_o humour_n of_o brag_v of_o his_o heavenly_a ancestor_n the_o name_n of_o german_a german_n german_n though_o of_o a_o much_o late_a date_n then_o either_o of_o the_o former_a have_v meet_v with_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o derivation_n then_o both_o of_o they_o among_o the_o many_o curious_a etymologist_n that_o have_v rack_v themselves_o to_o find_v out_o the_o true_a original_n of_o the_o word_n some_o be_v too_o busy_a in_o look_v abroad_o into_o foreign_a language_n one_o of_o these_o reflect_v upon_o the_o pristine_a barbarity_n of_o the_o dutch_a nation_n strain_v hard_a to_o fetch_v the_o word_n german_n from_o the_o latin_a immanitas_fw-la another_o fancy_v the_o german_n be_v so_o call_v a_o germinando_fw-la because_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v a_o numerous_a and_o fruitful_a people_n a_o three_o will_v have_v germani_n to_o signify_v only_a brother_n and_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o latin_n mean_v no_o more_o by_o the_o word_n then_o that_o the_o dutch_a be_v brother_n to_o the_o gaul_n who_o they_o so_o exact_o resemble_v in_o their_o complexion_n humour_n and_o manner_n a_o four_o ransack_v asia_n and_o at_o last_o seize_v upon_o the_o carmani_n as_o the_o undoubted_a ancestor_n of_o the_o german_n the_o german_a writer_n be_v as_o zealous_a on_o the_o other_o hand_n in_o find_v out_o the_o original_n of_o their_o own_o name_n at_o
easy_o determine_v for_o we_o meet_v with_o it_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o european_a language_n the_o latin_n write_v it_o litera_fw-la the_o french_a lettre_n the_o spaniard_n letra_n the_o italian_n letera_n the_o german_n sometime_o for_o buchstab_n be_v the_o more_o usual_a word_n with_o they_o write_v it_o as_o we_o do_v letter_n the_o latin_a critic_n be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o to_o six_o upon_o a_o good_a etymology_n of_o it_o in_o that_o tongue_n one_o bring_v it_o a_o lituris_fw-la another_o from_o lino_n a_o three_o a_o lineando_n a_o four_o quia_fw-la legentibus_fw-la iter_fw-la praestat_fw-la and_o a_o five_o quod_fw-la legendo_fw-la iteretur_fw-la but_o these_o be_v all_o alike_o ridiculous_a and_o therefore_o it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v worth_a our_o search_n to_o inquire_v whether_o a_o apt_a primitive_a than_o any_o of_o these_o may_v not_o be_v find_v in_o the_o german_a language_n and_o consequent_o whether_o the_o latin_n borrow_v the_o word_n litera_fw-la among_o many_o other_o from_o the_o dutch_a schottelius_fw-la derive_v it_o from_o a_o old_a teutonic_n monosyllable_n let_n or_o litt_n still_o use_v in_o saxony_n and_o the_o netherlands_o though_o the_o high_a dutch_a instead_o thereof_o say_v glid_n signify_v a_o member_n or_o part_n which_o in_o the_o plural_a number_n make_v litter_n or_o letter_n this_o be_v as_o probable_a a_o conjecture_n as_o any_o latin_a writer_n can_v pretend_v to_o since_o letter_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o several_a part_n and_o member_n of_o a_o word_n and_o possible_o the_o roman_n have_v their_o word_n scribere_fw-la from_o the_o dutch_a schreiben_fw-ge or_o as_o it_o be_v write_v former_o scrieven_v the_o most_o usual_a word_n for_o a_o letter_n among_o the_o german_n be_v buchstab_v i._n e._n einer_n stab_n des_fw-fr buches_n or_o a_o staff_n make_v use_v of_o in_o a_o book_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o name_n be_v thus_o give_v by_o wormius_n the_o ancient_n say_v he_o be_v wont_a to_o make_v one_o long_o strait_a line_n in_o fashion_n of_o a_o staff_n as_o a_o foundation_n of_o whatever_o they_o be_v about_o to_o write_v and_o indeed_o the_o runic_a inscription_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o then_o a_o company_n of_o such_o staff_n cross_v and_o turn_v as_o occasion_v require_v the_o other_o member_n of_o this_o compound_a word_n buch_n whence_o our_o book_n have_v the_o like_a original_n with_o the_o latin_a word_n liber_n be_v so_o call_v from_o buche_n which_o signify_v a_o beech-tree_n because_o before_o the_o ancient_a use_n of_o paper_n the_o old_a cimbrian_o write_v on_o this_o kind_n of_o wood_n and_o stone_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v on_o the_o bark_n of_o tree_n lazius_n give_v we_o a_o specimen_fw-la of_o a_o alphabet_n use_v by_o the_o norman_n in_o their_o sorcery_n and_o incantation_n before_o ever_o they_o come_v acquaint_v with_o the_o roman_n duret_fw-la think_v que_fw-fr l'_fw-fr alphabet_n des_fw-fr lettre_n des_fw-fr get_v a_o este_fw-la le_fw-fr premier_fw-fr alphabet_n des_fw-fr premieres_fw-fr &_o plus_fw-la anciennes_fw-la lettre_n i._n e._n that_o the_o gothic_a alphabet_n be_v the_o most_o ancient_a one_o in_o the_o world_n and_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o first_o letter_n that_o be_v ever_o invent_v where_o by_o gothic_a letter_n he_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o alphabet_n invent_v by_o wulphilas_n bishop_n of_o the_o goth_n and_o by_o he_o employ_v in_o write_v his_o version_n of_o the_o four_o evangelist_n of_o which_o the_o codex_fw-la argenteus_n publish_v by_o the_o late_a famous_a franciscus_n junius_n f._n f._n in_o the_o year_n 1665_o be_v a_o noble_a transcript_n but_o the_o old_a runic_a character_n which_o the_o bishop_n will_v not_o make_v use_n of_o in_o this_o pious_a work_n because_o they_o be_v use_v in_o sorcery_n and_o witchcraft_n upon_o the_o same_o consideration_n all_o other_o ancient_a alphabet_n use_v in_o the_o other_o province_n of_o germany_n be_v lay_v aside_o as_o soon_o as_o christianity_n appear_v in_o this_o country_n thus_o upon_o the_o first_o conversion_n of_o the_o saxon_n by_o charles_n the_o great_a the_o latin_a letter_n be_v introduce_v into_o those_o part_n and_o their_o old_a conjure_a character_n abolish_v mr._n sheringham_n think_v and_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o our_o old_a anglo-saxonic_a character_n be_v first_o make_v use_n of_o upon_o the_o like_a occasion_n for_o that_o before_o their_o conversion_n to_o christianity_n both_o they_o and_o the_o dane_n in_o britain_n use_v another_o sort_n of_o letter_n seem_v manifest_a from_o the_o several_a fragment_n of_o runic_a monument_n find_v at_o beaucastle_n papcastle_n and_o other_o place_n in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n but_o when_o those_o that_o have_v employ_v themselves_o in_o the_o conversion_n of_o these_o poor_a idolater_n see_v how_o these_o character_n have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o their_o incantation_n and_o idolatrous_a practice_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o sight_n of_o they_o they_o be_v always_o ready_a to_o return_v to_o their_o sorcery_n they_o resolve_v to_o remove_v they_o and_o give_v other_o in_o their_o stead_n it_o be_v former_o a_o grand_a question_n among_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n â—ords_n significancy_n of_o â—ords_n whether_o word_n have_v their_o signification_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o natural_a import_n of_o the_o word_n themselves_o or_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o first_o author_n of_o they_o plato_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o reason_n can_v at_o first_o have_v be_v give_v for_o the_o name_n of_o every_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n because_o he_o that_o give_v every_o particular_a be_v its_o distinct_a name_n know_v its_o particular_a nature_n and_o be_v direct_v by_o divine_a providence_n in_o find_v out_o a_o name_n answerable_a to_o that_o nature_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o bibliander_n fancy_v adam_n be_v direct_v when_o he_o name_v every_o thing_n according_a to_o its_o nature_n many_o learned_a man_n have_v be_v curious_a in_o observe_v what_o a_o accurate_a analogy_n there_o be_v in_o the_o greek_a and_o latin_a tongue_n betwixt_o the_o voice_n of_o bird_n and_o beast_n and_o the_o word_n which_o in_o those_o language_n be_v make_v to_o signify_v such_o and_o such_o voice_n julius_n pollux_n bring_v these_o and_o many_o more_o example_n out_o of_o the_o greek_a tongue_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n and_o jos_n scaliger_n have_v collect_v these_o among_o many_o other_o out_o of_o the_o latin_a boar_n mugire_fw-la rudere_fw-la latrare_fw-la barrire_n blaterare_fw-la tetrinnire_fw-la glocitare_fw-la fringulare_a trinsare_n etc._n etc._n but_o certain_o there_o be_v no_o tongue_n more_o exact_a at_o this_o sort_n of_o onomatopoeia_fw-la than_o the_o high_a dutch._n for_o example_n the_o german_n say_v the_o ox_n beelket_n the_o bear_n brummet_n the_o sheep_n bleeket_n the_o swine_n gruntzet_n the_o dog_n baffet_fw-ge the_o horse_n wihelet_n the_o cat_n mavet_fw-la the_o goose_n schnatteret_fw-la the_o hen_n kakkelt_v or_o klukket_n the_o raven_n kraket_n etc._n etc._n beside_o no_o language_n come_v near_o this_o in_o the_o aptness_n of_o express_v the_o sound_n and_o noise_n of_o inanimate_a creature_n by_o verb_n active_a which_o be_v also_o a_o excellence_n observe_v in_o our_o own_o tongue_n by_o the_o learned_a and_o famous_a dr._n wallis_n in_o his_o english_a grammar_n no_o great_a argument_n can_v be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o a_o language_n monosyllable_n monosyllable_n than_o the_o multitude_n of_o monosyllable_n which_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o any_o primitive_a further_o off_o nor_o hardly_o fancy_v to_o be_v a_o corruption_n of_o so_o many_o word_n in_o foreign_a language_n simon_n stevin_n a_o ingenious_a hollander_n have_v reckon_v up_o 2170_o monasyllable_n primitives_n and_o the_o number_n may_v have_v be_v advance_v far_o high_o in_o the_o dutch_a tongue_n whereas_o in_o the_o latin_a he_o can_v find_v no_o more_o than_o 163_o and_o only_o 265_o in_o the_o greek_a in_o our_o english_a tongue_n a_o whole_a speech_n may_v be_v compose_v of_o monosyllable_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o original_o dutch._n indeed_o in_o the_o high_a dutch_a dialect_n many_o of_o these_o ancient_a primitives_n be_v turn_v into_o dissyllable_n but_o if_o we_o look_v back_o unto_o the_o old_a way_n of_o write_v these_o word_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o they_o consist_v only_o of_o one_o syllable_n thus_o vater_fw-mi muttel_n himmer_n leber_n etc._n etc._n be_v ancient_o write_v vaer_n moer_fw-mi himl_n lefr_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v in_o the_o german_a tongue_n twentythree_a principal_a termination_n derivatives_n derivatives_n which_o though_o they_o signify_v nothing_o in_o themselves_o yet_o when_o add_v to_o another_o word_n do_v very_o much_o alter_v its_o signification_n of_o which_o our_o english_a tongue_n have_v retain_v a_o great_a many_o as_o 1._o er_fw-mi in_o buyer_n seller_n waiter_n etc
tell_v we_o of_o they_o contain_v as_o many_o incredible_a thing_n as_o the_o most_o romantic_a popish_a legend_n however_o the_o saxon_a commonalty_n have_v still_o their_o memory_n and_o name_n in_o great_a veneration_n and_o will_v as_o soon_o part_v with_o christmas-day_n as_o st._n ansgar_n which_o be_v the_o eight_o of_o february_n out_o of_o their_o almanac_n st._n wilhad_n day_n be_v keep_v on_o the_o eight_o of_o november_n and_o st._n rembert_n on_o the_o four_o of_o february_n 6._o rembert_n be_v succeed_v by_o one_o adelgar_a a_o monk_n of_o corbey_n of_o who_o nothing_o be_v record_v worth_a the_o take_a notice_n of_o 7._o hoyer_n who_o be_v elect_v into_o the_o archbishops_n see_v in_o the_o year_n 909_o and_o die_v the_o year_n follow_v the_o bremen_n chronicle_n report_v that_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o his_o death_n his_o grave_n be_v open_v where_o nothing_o be_v find_v but_o a_o pillow_n which_o have_v be_v lay_v under_o his_o head_n and_o a_o cross_n both_o fresh_a and_o uncorrupted_a whereupon_o the_o monk_n of_o bremen_n conclude_v that_o his_o body_n be_v immediate_o after_o his_o death_n snatch_v up_o into_o heaven_n 8._o reginward_a 9_o vnni_n who_o go_v to_o convert_v the_o infidel_n in_o sweden_n die_v at_o birca_n in_o gothland_n 10._o adaldag_n 11._o libentius_fw-la a_o italian_a 12._o vnwan_n call_v by_o some_o wimar_n 13._o libentius_fw-la ii_o 14._o hermannus_n 15._o bezeline_n 16._o albert_n son_n of_o one_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n 17._o liemar_n or_o leimar_n a_o bavarian_a nobleman_n the_o fourteen_o and_o last_o archbishop_n of_o hamburg_n for_o when_o at_o the_o request_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o denmark_n the_o pope_n have_v erect_v a_o archbishop_n see_v at_o lunden_n in_o schonen_fw-mi the_o bishop_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n be_v subject_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o lunden_n and_o only_o lubec_n schwerin_n lebus_n and_o ratzenburg_n remain_v suffragans_fw-la to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n who_o thereupon_o for_o ever_o quit_v the_o title_n of_o archbishop_n of_o hamburg_n 18._o humbert_n the_o first_o that_o ever_o style_v himself_o bare_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n 19_o frideric_n 20._o adalbar_fw-la 21._o hartwic_n 22._o baldwin_n who_o successor_n some_o have_v make_v one_o barthold_n but_o without_o any_o good_a authority_n 23._o sifrid_n son_n to_o albrecht_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 24._o hartwic_n ii_o 25._o woldemar_n duke_n and_o bishop_n of_o sleswic_n 26._o gerhard_n former_o bishop_n of_o osnabrug_n 27._o gerhard_n ii_o earl_n of_o lip_n 28._o hildebold_n or_o hildebrand_n earl_n of_o broch-hausen_a 29._o giselbert_n 30._o henry_n i._n 31._o florentius_n de_fw-mi brunchor_v against_o who_o appear_v bernherd_v earl_n of_o wolpe_n who_o some_o historian_n make_v archbishop_n instead_o of_o florentius_n â—at_a lose_v the_o day_n 32._o john_n bishop_n of_o lunden_n and_o provost_n of_o roschild_n in_o denmark_n 33._o burchard_n 34._o otto_n earl_n of_o oldenburg_n and_o delmenhorst_n 35._o gotfrid_n earl_n of_o arnsberg_n he_o have_v great_a quarrel_n with_o maurice_n earl_n of_o oldenburg_n for_o the_o see_v which_o when_o he_o can_v not_o peaceable_o enjoy_v he_o resign_v to_o 36._o albrecht_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n choose_v archbishop_n in_o the_o life-time_n of_o his_o predecessor_n in_o the_o year_n 1359._o 37._o otto_n ii_o 38._o john_n ii_o 39_o nicolas_n earl_n of_o delmenhorst_n 40._o baldwin_n 41._o gerhard_n iii_o earl_n of_o hoga_n 42._o henry_n iii_o earl_n of_o schwartzburg_n 43._o john_n iii_o 44._o christopher_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lunenburg_n 45._o henry_n iu._n duke_n of_o saxony_n engeren_n westphalia_n etc._n etc._n 46._o john_n adolph_n duke_n of_o holstein_n etc._n etc._n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n be_v regent_n duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o thereupon_o quit_v the_o see_v of_o bremen_n in_o the_o year_n 1596_o leave_v the_o place_n to_o his_o brother_n 47._o john_n frideric_n who_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n bishop_n of_o lubec_n and_o have_v enjoy_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n for_o the_o space_n of_o thirty-eight_a year_n die_v in_o the_o monastery_n near_o buxtehude_n in_o the_o year_n 1634_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o sleswic_n 48._o the_o last_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n be_v frideric_n duke_n of_o holstein_n son_n to_o christian_a iu._n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o father_n to_o the_o present_a danish_a king_n christian_n v._n but_o before_o this_o frideric_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n he_o have_v nothing_o leave_v but_o the_o bare_a title_n of_o a_o archbishop_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1644_o the_o prevail_a force_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n overrun_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n and_o bishopric_n of_o vehrden_n as_o they_o have_v before_o many_o other_o province_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n afterward_o in_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n it_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o ut_fw-la satis_fw-la fieret_fw-la serenissimae_fw-la reginae_fw-la sueciae_fw-la pro_fw-la locorum_fw-la hoc_fw-la bello_fw-la captorum_fw-la restitutione_n pacique_fw-la publicae_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la restanrandae_fw-la condignè_fw-la prospiceretur_fw-la as_o it_o be_v word_v in_o the_o ten_o article_n of_o that_o treaty_n among_o other_o place_n there_o mention_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n and_o bishopric_n of_o vehrden_n shall_v be_v for_o ever_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o annex_v to_o their_o own_o territory_n and_o dominion_n sub_fw-la solitis_fw-la quidem_fw-la insigniis_fw-la sed_fw-la titulo_fw-la ducatus_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o archbishopric_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o dukedom_n which_o title_n it_o still_o retain_v whence_o the_o city_n of_o bremen_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v so_o call_v bremen_n city_n of_o bremen_n there_o be_v several_a different_a opinion_n among_o the_o german_n writer_n some_o of_o which_o for_o the_o reader_n be_v diversion_n i_o shall_v hear_v repeat_v leave_v it_o to_o himself_o to_o embrace_v any_o one_o or_o reject_v all_o as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n one_o tell_v we_o there_o be_v former_o a_o ferry_n across_o the_o weser_n in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o great_a bridge_n at_o bremen_n now_o stand_v and_o therefore_o will_v have_v the_o city_n so_o call_v from_o the_o flat_a bottom_v boat_n in_o the_o tongue_n of_o the_o neder-saxons_a name_v praman_n wherewith_o they_o use_v to_o ferry_v over_o passenger_n another_o fancy_v bremen_n may_v be_v fetch_v from_o the_o abundance_n of_o broom_n in_o their_o tongue_n brame_n which_o grow_v in_o this_o country_n m._n martinius_n a_o man_n of_o no_o contemptible_a part_n and_o learning_n guess_v that_o because_o the_o land_n of_o bremen_n be_v the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n towards_o the_o ocean_n therefore_o the_o city_n be_v call_v ein_fw-ge brame_n which_o word_n signify_v proper_o the_o outmost_a seam_n or_o selvidge_n of_o a_o garment_n to_o omit_v the_o impertinence_n of_o other_o etymologist_n all_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o ptolomy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d whence_o ever_o that_o word_n have_v its_o original_n be_v the_o same_o with_o bremen_n cluverius_n allow_v of_o this_o opinion_n add_v further_a nec_fw-la nomen_fw-la omnino_fw-la abhorret_fw-la nam_fw-la dempta_fw-la priore_fw-la syllaba_fw-la reliquum_fw-la biranum_fw-la satis_fw-la aperta_fw-la vestigia_fw-la gerit_fw-la vocabuli_fw-la bremen_n et_fw-la quid_fw-la scio_fw-la anon_o apud_fw-la ptolomaeum_n m_n corruptum_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o n_n integrumque_fw-la vocabulum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la fabiramum_fw-la among_o the_o old_a rubbish_n of_o ancient_a german_a writer_n antiquity_n antiquity_n and_o the_o small_a fragment_n of_o antiquity_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o that_o country_n it_o will_v be_v a_o difficult_a task_n to_o find_v out_o the_o first_o original_n of_o this_o city_n it_o be_v certain_a one_o great_a part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o s._n stephani_n statt_n be_v of_o a_o late_a foundation_n than_o the_o main_a body_n of_o the_o town_n and_o another_o grand_a accession_n call_v die_v new_a statt_fw-mi or_o the_o new_a city_n have_v be_v add_v within_o these_o hundred_o year_n what_o time_n this_o city_n be_v first_o fortify_v we_o have_v no_o other_o account_n then_o in_o the_o general_n that_o the_o city_n of_o saxony_n and_o in_o all_o probability_n bremen_n among_o the_o rest_n be_v first_o wall_v round_o by_o the_o order_n of_o henry_n duke_n of_o saxony_n surname_v auceps_fw-la or_o the_o fowler_n about_o the_o year_n 1000_o for_o this_o prince_n have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o his_o naked_a town_n be_v not_o able_a to_o withstand_v the_o fury_n and_o outrage_n of_o the_o vandal_n who_o in_o those_o day_n miserable_o infest_a the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n all_o the_o modern_a historian_n will_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o suburb_n of_o st._n nicolas_n which_o at_o this_o day_n make_v up_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o
city_n of_o bremen_n be_v first_o fence_v round_o in_o the_o year_n 1623._o and_o the_o a-la_a modern_a fortification_n of_o the_o newe-statt_a on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o weser_n can_v pretend_v to_o any_o great_a age_n at_o this_o day_n bremen_n be_v a_o large_a and_o well-built_a town_n description_n description_n the_o street_n general_o strait_a and_o even_o except_v only_o near_o the_o cathedral_n which_o stand_v upon_o a_o small_a rise_n the_o great_a trade_n bring_v to_o this_o city_n by_o the_o ship_n and_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o neighbour_a plain_n which_o be_v continual_o stock_v with_o vast_a drove_n of_o cattle_n have_v strange_o enrich_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o late_a year_n and_o render_v the_o place_n exceed_o populous_a nature_n as_o well_o as_o art_n have_v make_v this_o city_n very_o strong_a and_o be_v the_o wall_n beat_v down_o it_o will_v be_v a_o difficult_a task_n to_o take_v it_o if_o resolute_o defend_v for_o be_v situate_a on_o a_o level_n the_o citizen_n can_v immediate_o drown_v the_o neighbour_a plain_n with_o the_o weser_n which_o usual_o once_o a_o year_n like_o another_o nile_n overflow_v its_o bank_n and_o thereby_o mighty_o improve_v the_o adjacent_a sandy_a field_n the_o haven_n at_o bremen_n be_v not_o so_o convenient_a for_o ship_n to_o harbour_v in_o as_o that_o at_o hamburg_n haven_n haven_n and_o sometime_o a_o great_a flood_n cast_v up_o such_o bank_n and_o ridge_n of_o sand_n as_o make_v the_o weser_n for_o some_o mile_n unnavigable_a for_o merchant_n ship_n of_o any_o great_a burden_n so_o that_o oftentimes_o the_o citizen_n of_o bremen_n be_v at_o vast_a charge_n to_o cleanse_v the_o passage_n and_o yet_o can_v scarce_o clear_v the_o river_n so_o far_o as_o that_o vessel_n of_o great_a bulk_n then_o ordinary_a can_v be_v bring_v within_o six_o english_a mile_n of_o their_o bridge_n at_o this_o distance_n from_o the_o town_n the_o rahtsherrn_a and_o magistracy_n of_o bremen_n have_v a_o custom-house_n where_o all_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v unlade_v and_o bring_v up_o to_o the_o city_n in_o flat-bottomed_a boat_n or_o small_a vessel_n by_o the_o weser_n the_o citizen_n of_o bremen_n transport_v all_o their_o own_o commodity_n as_o timber_n commodity_n commodity_n wool_n corn_n and_o mineral_n into_o other_o nation_n and_o by_o the_o same_o stream_n convey_v the_o commodity_n of_o foreign_a country_n into_o westphalia_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n hassia_n thuringen_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n they_o have_v here_o a_o excellent_a art_n of_o dress_v of_o leather_n and_o cloth_n vast_a quantity_n of_o both_o which_o be_v sometime_o bring_v hither_o out_o of_o other_o country_n and_o remit_v to_o the_o great_a gain_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n another_o considerable_a commodity_n of_o this_o city_n be_v their_o fish_n which_o be_v catch_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o weser_n and_o hence_o transport_v into_o most_o neighbour_a country_n every_o month_n they_o have_v a_o several_a sort_n of_o fish_n in_o season_n and_o within_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o the_o town_n many_o thousand_o of_o salmon_n and_o lamprey_n be_v catch_v yearly_o and_o after_o they_o be_v pickle_v up_o or_o dry_v in_o the_o smoke_n ship_v off_o soon_o after_o the_o reformation_n which_o be_v first_o begin_v at_o bremen_n in_o the_o year_n 1522_o gymnasium_n gymnasium_n the_o burgher_n build_v a_o free-school_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o a_o fair_a revenue_n this_o be_v afterward_o advance_v into_o a_o schola_fw-la illustris_fw-la as_o they_o term_v it_o or_o a_o college_n wherein_o be_v profess_v and_o teach_v the_o four_o superior_a faculty_n of_o divinity_n law_n physic_n and_o philosophy_n at_o last_o it_o become_v a_o gymnasium_n or_o little_a university_n and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n the_o most_o note_v one_o in_o germany_n famous_a for_o the_o education_n of_o nat._n chytraeus_n chr._n pezelius_n vrban_n pierius_n mathias_n martinius_n joh._n lampadius_n lud._n crocius_n joh._n combachius_n joh._n coccejus_n and_o several_a other_o learned_a man_n the_o magistracy_n of_o the_o town_n consist_v of_o four_o burgomaster_n and_o four_o and_o twenty_o raths-herrn_a magistrate_n magistrate_n or_o common-council-man_n who_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o class_n so_o that_o one_o burgomaster_n and_o six_o rahtsherrn_n may_v be_v allot_v for_o each_o quarter_n of_o the_o city_n if_o any_o of_o the_o burgomaster_n or_o rahtsherrn_a die_n or_o be_v bring_v so_o low_a in_o the_o world_n as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v his_o office_n any_o long_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o choose_v another_o into_o his_o place_n within_o four_o and_o twenty-hour_n after_o his_o burial_n or_o resignation_n the_o election_n be_v carry_v on_o in_o this_o manner_n out_o of_o each_o class_n one_o elector_n be_v pitch_v upon_o by_o lot_n and_o the_o four_o that_o be_v at_o last_o set_v out_o for_o that_o office_n take_v a_o oath_n to_o choose_v a_o person_n out_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a freeman_n of_o the_o town_n who_o in_o their_o conscience_n they_o think_v the_o fit_a for_o the_o place_n vacant_a this_o do_v they_o be_v shut_v up_o together_o in_o a_o chamber_n by_o themselves_o and_o not_o suffer_v to_o speak_v to_o any_o man_n before_o they_o have_v finish_v the_o election_n all_o manner_n of_o law-suit_n tam_fw-la civiles_fw-la quam_fw-la criminals_n fiscales_fw-la ac_fw-la consistoriale_n be_v try_v before_o these_o magistrate_n from_o who_o court_n no_o citizen_n can_v appeal_v to_o the_o imperial_a chamber_n at_o spire_n without_o be_v liable_a to_o pay_v a_o fine_a of_o fifty_o gold-gulders_a to_o the_o common_a treasury_n this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a imperial_a city_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o be_v always_o reckon_v the_o three_o hans-town_n after_o lubec_n and_o colen_n its_o first_o great_a privilege_n be_v grant_v to_o it_o by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n v._o in_o the_o year_n 1111_o in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o valiant_a performance_n of_o the_o citizen_n of_o bremen_n in_o the_o holy_a war._n for_o thus_o the_o word_n of_o their_o charter_n run_v ob_fw-la obsequiorum_fw-la promptitudinem_fw-la multasque_fw-la deificas_fw-la virtutes_fw-la viriles_fw-la actus_fw-la &_o non_fw-la modicos_fw-la labores_fw-la &_o expensas_fw-la quos_fw-la &_o quas_fw-la bremenses_n per_fw-la mare_fw-la suis_fw-la navibus_fw-la &_o per_fw-la terram_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la in_fw-la passagio_fw-la ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la ad_fw-la terram_fw-la sanctam_fw-la quando_fw-la civitas_n hierosolymitana_n capta_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o before_o this_o emperor_n time_n it_o be_v certain_o a_o free_a city_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o statue_n rolandina_n which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o marketplace_n bear_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o empire_n a_o spread-eagle_n with_o this_o inscription_n in_o the_o old_a neder-saxon_a language_n vryheitt_n do_v ick_fw-mi ju_fw-mi openbahr_fw-ge de_fw-fr carll_n und_fw-ge manig_v force_v vorwahr_fw-ge deeser_n stadtt_n ghegheven_a hat_n dess_n dancket_v good_a iss_v min_fw-mi rath_n i.e._n i_o be_o a_o testimony_n of_o the_o liberty_n which_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o many_o other_o emperor_n have_v grant_v to_o this_o city_n for_o which_o i_o advise_v you_o to_o return_n god_n thanks_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o in_o this_o place_n to_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o reason_n which_o move_v the_o ancient_a german_n especial_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a saxony_n to_o erect_v these_o kind_n of_o monstrous_a statue_n in_o their_o city_n and_o great_a to_n the_o tradition_n usual_o receive_v among_o the_o saxon_n be_v that_o charles_n the_o great_a overran_a their_o country_n by_o the_o help_n of_o one_o roland_n a_o gigantic_a general_n in_o his_o army_n and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o emperor_n order_v his_o image_n to_o be_v set_v up_o in_o all_o the_o city_n of_o note_n which_o he_o conquer_v with_o this_o privilege_n that_o so_o long_o as_o they_o keep_v up_o such_o statue_n they_o shall_v have_v a_o right_n to_o several_z regalia_z not_o allow_v to_o other_o city_n in_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o truth_n or_o probability_n of_o this_o story_n depend_v whole_o upon_o the_o credit_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o common_a people_n for_o from_o they_o some_o of_o the_o german_a historian_n have_v borrow_a the_o relation_n and_o afterward_o without_o any_o further_a enquiry_n impose_v it_o upon_o the_o world_n for_o a_o piece_n of_o authentic_a history_n how_o ridiculous_a and_o absurd_a will_v it_o be_v for_o a_o triumphant_a emperor_n to_o erect_v trophy_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o commander_n in_o his_o army_n where_o himself_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v the_o conqueror_n beside_o it_o appear_v from_o the_o unquestionable_a testimony_n of_o the_o best_a dutch_a record_n that_o several_a of_o those_o city_n which_o show_v such_o kind_n of_o statue_n as_o these_o be_v build_v many_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a nor_o
that_o come_v over_o into_o britain_n be_v send_v from_o hence_o and_o they_o tell_v we_o far_o that_o in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o good_a success_n they_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o our_o island_n some_o of_o they_o return_v hang_v up_o a_o gild_a ship_n of_o tin_n in_o the_o marketplace_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v here_o before_o the_o fire_n above_o mention_v iv_o zell_n zell_n zell_n this_o city_n famous_a for_o the_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o luneburg_n on_o a_o sandy_a level_n at_o the_o confluence_n of_o two_o small_a river_n the_o aller_n and_o fuhse_n about_o ten_o german_a mile_n distant_a from_o luneburg_n six_o from_o brunswic_n ten_o from_o bremen_n and_o thirteen_o from_o hamburg_n the_o word_n zell_n in_o the_o language_n of_o some_o of_o the_o low_a saxon_n signify_v the_o same_o with_o the_o high_a dutch_a kellar_n or_o our_o english_a word_n cellar_n but_o for_o what_o reason_n the_o town_n shall_v have_v this_o name_n give_v it_o i_o can_v determine_v in_o a_o old_a parchment_n deed_n bear_v date_n a._n d._n 1236_o which_o to_o this_o day_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o duke_n of_o zell_n archive_v whereby_o sigefride_n count_n of_o osterburg_n make_v over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o country_n to_o otho_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n we_o read_v ministeriale_n suos_fw-la tselle_fw-fr usque_fw-la breman_n and_o another_o indenture_n make_v between_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n son_n date_v a._n d._n 1203_o and_o still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o same_o place_n mention_n this_o town_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a name_n high_a than_o these_o time_n its_o antiquity_n can_v be_v trace_v and_o whether_o it_o be_v in_o those_o day_n a_o city_n wall_a town_n or_o only_o a_o bare_a castle_n we_o know_v not_o the_o duke_n palace_n as_o it_o now_o stand_v be_v a_o square_a piece_n of_o building_n mote_v round_o and_o beautify_v with_o a_o great_a many_o pleasant_a garden_n orchard_n grotto_n etc._n etc._n be_v first_o build_v by_o henry_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lunenburg_n and_o ann_n bear_v countess_n of_o nassaw_n his_o mother_n in_o the_o year_n 1485._o in_o this_o palace_n be_v hold_v the_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n for_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n v._o walstrode_n walstrode_n walstrode_n or_o walo's-cross_n at_o first_o only_o a_o monastery_n build_v by_o one_o walo_n a_o prince_n of_o anhalt_n in_o the_o year_n 986_o but_o afterward_o advance_v into_o a_o considerable_a town_n walo_n statue_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o church_n with_o this_o inscription_n on_o its_o pedestal_n illustris_fw-la princeps_fw-la walo_fw-la de_fw-fr anholt_n come_v in_o aschania_n &c_n &c_n dominus_fw-la in_o berneborch_n est_fw-la fundator_fw-la huius_fw-la monasterii_fw-la it_o be_v situate_a in_o a_o very_a pleasant_a valley_n encompass_v on_o every_o side_n with_o mountain_n and_o wood_n the_o chief_a trade_n of_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n consist_v in_o honey_n wax_n wool_n and_o beer_n harborch_n winsen_n gifhorn_n notable_a for_o a_o strong_a palace_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n with_o some_o other_o place_n of_o the_o like_a value_n be_v only_o just_a considerable_a enough_o to_o merit_v a_o distinct_a character_n in_o the_o map_n from_o poor_a village_n but_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o so_o remarkable_a as_o to_o deserve_v a_o a_o particular_a description_n the_o truth_n be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n be_v a_o poor_a and_o barren_a country_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v scarce_o any_o where_o so_o rich_a as_o that_o they_o need_v to_o wall_n in_o their_o town_n or_o be_v afraid_a of_o the_o invasion_n of_o a_o enemy_n the_o most_o notable_a place_n in_o the_o county_n of_o diepholt_n hoye_n and_o schawenburg_n subject_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o luneburg_n the_o reader_n will_v find_v describe_v in_o the_o next_o volume_n when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o all_o the_o little_a province_n which_o be_v usual_o comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o westphalia_n meklenburg_n ducatus_n auctore_fw-la joanne_n laurenbergio_n sumptiê°_n janssonio-waesbergiorum_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephan_n swart_a the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n although_o at_o this_o day_n geographer_n can_v hardly_o meet_v with_o any_o such_o place_n as_o mecklenburg_n from_o whence_o this_o dukedom_n shall_v have_v its_o name_n yet_o the_o german_a historian_n will_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o small_a village_n not_o far_o from_o wismar_n which_o still_o bear_v that_o name_n be_v ancient_o a_o large_a and_o populous_a city_n and_o some_o of_o their_o antiquary_n pretend_v to_o be_v able_a to_o show_v we_o be_v rudera_fw-la near_o this_o place_n for_o some_o mile_n in_o compass_n j._n peter_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o village_n be_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o very_a ancient_a city_n which_o say_v he_o be_v build_v above_o three_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n by_o anthyrius_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o the_o heruli_n or_o mecklenburger_n but_o we_o know_v what_o kind_n of_o credit_n to_o give_v to_o such_o romantic_a chronologer_n as_o this_o who_o impertinent_o pretend_v to_o trace_v the_o annal_n of_o his_o country_n through_o those_o dark_a day_n of_o ignorance_n wherein_o he_o must_v necessary_o lose_v himself_o and_o truth_n cluverius_n and_o bertius_n be_v exceed_o displease_v with_o that_o universal_a humour_n of_o latin_a who_o mention_v this_o country_n of_o render_v mecklenburg_n by_o megalopolis_n or_o megapolis_n and_o the_o mecklenburger_n by_o megapolitani_n such_o etymologist_n as_o these_o say_v cluver_n be_v but_o novice_n in_o the_o german_a tongue_n for_o the_o word_n mecklenburg_n be_v not_o as_o they_o imagine_v derive_v from_o the_o old_a saxon_a word_n micle_n or_o mickel_n ordinary_o meet_v with_o in_o our_o ancient_a english-saxon_a monument_n and_o still_o use_v in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n but_o from_o the_o dutch_a verb_n mecklen_n whence_o meckler_n which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o all_o the_o northern_a german_n that_o inhabit_v the_o seacoast_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o proxineta_n pararius_n a_o broker_n so_o that_o mecklenburg_n have_v not_o its_o name_n as_o megalopolis_n in_o arcadia_n from_o the_o vastness_n of_o its_o extent_n although_o lindebergius_n report_v it_o to_o have_v be_v above_o eight_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o twenty_o in_o circumference_n but_o from_o the_o great_a resort_n of_o merchant_n to_o this_o place_n for_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o these_o part_n and_o the_o seat_n as_o it_o be_v suppose_v of_o bilunaus_n misilaus_n mistevus_n pribislaus_n and_o several_a other_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o vandal_n we_o may_v reasonable_o conclude_v that_o all_o foreign_a merchant_n who_o probable_o be_v not_o very_o numerous_a that_o trade_v in_o this_o part_n of_o germany_n keep_v their_o factor_n and_o broker_n at_o this_o city_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n subject_a to_o the_o two_o duke_n of_o gustrow_n and_o swerin_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n bound_n bound_n on_o the_o west_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n and_o saxon-lauwenburg_a and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o country_n have_v more_o in_o it_o of_o profit_n then_o pleasure_n commodity_n commodity_n be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o corn_n and_o fruit_n especial_o apple_n and_o well_o store_v with_o fowl_n and_o fish_n but_o situate_v in_o a_o air_n very_o unwholesome_a in_o the_o summer_n and_o intolerable_o sharp_a and_o cold_a in_o the_o winter_n beside_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o river_n everywhere_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o this_o dukedom_n their_o lake_n many_o of_o which_o be_v very_o large_a afford_v they_o good_a store_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fresh_a fish_n insomuch_o that_o at_o the_o marriage-feast_n of_o henry_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg-swerin_a with_o helen_n daughter_n to_o the_o elector_n palatine_n be_v serve_v up_o to_o the_o table_n five_o thousand_o bream_n all_o of_o which_o be_v fresh_a and_o new_o take_v out_o of_o the_o great_a lake_n near_o swerin_n some_o romantic_a genealogist_n have_v endeavour_v to_o bring_v down_o the_o line_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n from_o some_o of_o alexander_n the_o great_a be_v general_n government_n government_n the_o first_o original_n of_o which_o fancy_n spring_v from_o the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n bear_v a_o horse_n head_n which_o these_o herald_n be_v please_v to_o call_v the_o head_n of_o bucephalus_n in_o their_o eschutceon_n and_o indeed_o the_o generality_n of_o german_a antiquary_n fetth_v their_o pedigree_n from_o anthyrius_n the_o forementioned_a founder_n of_o the_o city_n of_o mecklenburg_n who_o they_o unanimous_o report_v to_o have_v live_v in_o the_o day_n of_o
d._n 1066_o be_v martyr_v by_o the_o wendish_n apostate_n in_o these_o part_n after_o his_o cruel_a and_o inhuman_a death_n for_o his_o murderer_n be_v report_v to_o have_v cut_v of_o his_o hand_n and_o foot_n and_o in_o that_o miserable_a condition_n to_o have_v leave_v he_o alive_a for_o some_o day_n the_o seat_n be_v vacant_a for_o 83_o or_o 84_o year_n until_o eberhard_n be_v send_v hither_o by_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n iii_n in_o the_o year_n 1260._o this_o man_n successor_n bruno_n berno_n or_o benno_n be_v remove_v from_o mecklenburg_n to_o swerin_n when_o henry_n the_o lion_n by_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o first_o have_v build_v a_o new_a cathedral_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o considerable_a revenue_n some_o of_o the_o mecklenburgish_a historian_n report_v that_o much_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o this_o new_a cathedral_n the_o say_a duke_n henry_n cause_v the_o infidel_n mecklenburger_n to_o be_v drive_v by_o thousand_o into_o the_o swerin-sea_n at_o a_o place_n not_o far_o from_o fichel_n which_o from_o so_o remarkable_a a_o passage_n to_o this_o day_n retain_v the_o name_n of_o die_n dope_n or_o the_o font_n where_o they_o be_v all_o baptize_v by_o bishop_n benno_n from_o this_o benno_n there_o continue_v a_o uninterrupted_a succession_n of_o bishop_n of_o swerin_n who_o nevertheless_o keep_v their_o usual_a residence_n at_o butzow_n a_o fort_n and_o considerable_a town_n not_o far_o from_o gustrow_n until_o in_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n the_o bishopric_n be_v convert_v into_o a_o temporal_a principality_n and_o give_v up_o to_o adolph_n frideric_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n as_o before_o have_v be_v say_v in_o this_o city_n be_v keep_v the_o residence_n of_o christian-lewis_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n swerin_n who_o be_v bear_v the_o first_o of_o december_n 1623._o and_o by_o be_v educate_v in_o france_n and_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o romanist_n be_v bring_v up_o in_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n which_o he_o still_o profess_v he_o marry_v at_o first_o his_o cousin_n german_n christina-margaret_n daughter_n of_o john_n albert_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o widow_n of_o francis_n albert_n duke_n of_o saxen-lawenburg_a but_o have_v upon_o some_o discontent_n get_v himself_o divorce_v from_o she_o he_o be_v the_o second_o time_n marry_v in_o france_n a._n d._n 1653_o to_o elizabeth_n de_fw-fr montmorency_n widow_n of_o gaspard_n de_fw-fr coligny_n duke_n of_o chastillon_n and_o sister_n to_o francis-henry_n de_fw-fr montmorency_n duke_n of_o luxemburg_n piney_n v._o gustrow_n a_o well_o fortify_v town_n gustrow_n gustrow_n about_o eighteen_o or_o twenty_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o rostock_n but_o remarkable_a for_o little_a or_o nothing_o save_o the_o residence_n of_o gustave-adolph_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg-gustrow_a only_a son_n of_o john_n albert_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o eleonor-mary_n princess_n of_o anhalt_n he_o be_v bear_v the_o six_o and_o twenty_o of_o february_n a._n d._n 1633_o and_o breed_v up_o a_o lutheran_n of_o which_o persuasion_n he_o still_o continue_v a_o zealous_a assertor_n be_v a_o prince_n of_o as_o great_a learning_n as_o gallantry_n and_o equal_o able_a to_o maintain_v his_o religion_n in_o the_o school_n and_o field_n the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o whether_o we_o fetch_v the_o word_n pomeren_fw-mi out_o of_o the_o high-dutch_a or_o slavonian_a language_n since_o pomeer_n in_o the_o former_a signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o pomercze_v in_o the_o latter_a i._n e._n a_o country_n situate_a upon_o the_o seashore_n such_o as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v know_v to_o be_v that_o the_o slavonian_a tongue_n be_v once_o common_o speak_v in_o this_o country_n appear_v from_o the_o termination_n of_o several_a name_n of_o great_a town_n in_o this_o dukedom_n as_o bugslaw_n wratislaw_n witslaw_n etc._n etc._n and_o historian_n will_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o whole_a land_n be_v many_o year_n subject_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n and_o first_o annex_v to_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n the_o whole_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o be_v ancient_o comprise_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o pomeren_n or_o pomerland_n be_v of_o a_o much_o large_a extent_n than_o the_o present_a dukedom_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d take_v in_o eastward_o all_o casubia_n and_o pomerellia_n but_o afterward_o this_o vast_a country_n be_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o back-pomerland_n for_o by_o this_o name_n it_o be_v ancient_o distinguish_v from_o the_o present_a dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v call_v fore-pomerland_n be_v give_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v towards_o the_o south_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n for_o first_o in_o the_o vcker_n marck_n not_o only_o prentzlow_v angermund_n aderberg_n schweet_a and_o vierraden_n but_o also_o stargard_n and_o friedland_n be_v both_o subject_n to_o that_o duke_n until_o the_o whole_a vcker-marck_n be_v give_v to_o john_n i_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n by_o barminus_n i_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n for_o a_o portion_n with_o his_o daughter_n and_o though_o prentzlow_v with_o the_o adjoin_a territory_n be_v afterward_o wrest_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o brandenburger_n yet_o they_o can_v not_o long_o keep_v their_o hold_n but_o be_v force_v to_o resign_v back_o their_o conquest_n the_o mecklenburger_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o friedland_n and_o have_v once_o take_v possession_n can_v never_o be_v beat_v out_o again_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o other_o the_o great_a share_n of_o the_o new-marck_n be_v under_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n dominion_n as_o part_v of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o stetin_n westward_o pomeren_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o warna_n and_o rostock_n be_v almost_o the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n last_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n reach_v much_o far_o northwards_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n which_o by_o degree_n swallow_v up_o a_o good_a part_n of_o their_o dominion_n the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n as_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v anon_o be_v think_v to_o be_v scarce_o half_a so_o large_a as_o it_o be_v former_o and_o some_o whole_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a be_v at_o this_o day_n cover_v with_o the_o wave_n which_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v as_o habitable_a country_n so_o that_o pomeren_n though_o at_o this_o day_n only_o a_o small_a dukedom_n nay_o indeed_o no_o more_o than_o a_o inconsiderable_a part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n yet_o may_v ancient_o have_v pass_v for_o a_o kingdom_n and_o its_o duke_n have_v vied_z territory_n with_o most_o of_o the_o great_a monarch_n of_o europe_n at_o present_v the_o country_n which_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v a_o long_a and_o narrow_a tract_n of_o land_n division_n division_n extend_v itself_o from_o east_n to_o west_n along_o the_o baltic_a shore_n which_o be_v usual_o divide_v into_o the_o province_n of_o stetin_n and_o wolgast_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o cosslin_n in_o the_o province_n of_o stetin_n be_v reckon_v the_o city_n of_o old_a stetin_n stargard_n stolpe_n greiffenberg_n treptow_n upon_o the_o rega_n rugenwald_n pyritz_n schlawe_n golnow_v gartz_n wollin_n camin_n belgarten_n new_a stetin_n sam_n zanew_v and_o pohlitz_n together_o with_o the_o fort_n of_o sazigk_n zachan_n jacobshagen_a fridrichwald_n etc._n etc._n to_o which_o be_v fomer_o add_v the_o lordship_n of_o lavenburg_n and_o butou_n both_o which_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la the_o last_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o province_n of_o wolgast_n contain_v in_o it_o the_o city_n of_o stralsund_n gripswald_n anklam_n demin_n pasewalk_n greiffenhagen_n wolgast_n barth_n trubsees_n grimmon_n damgarten_n vckermund_n loytz_n gutzkow_n franckenburg_n richtenberg_n lassen_n and_o new_a warp_n with_o the_o fort_n of_o weissen_n klempenau_n lindenberg_n and_o torgelou_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o same_o province_n be_v usual_o comprise_v the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n vsedom_n and_o some_o other_o upon_o these_o coast_n there_o be_v every_o where_o almost_o large_a and_o navigable_a river_n in_o pomeren_n lake_n river_n and_o lake_n by_o the_o advantage_n of_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v not_o only_o enable_v to_o export_v the_o commodity_n of_o their_o own_o country_n and_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o the_o fruit_n and_o good_a thing_n of_o their_o neighbour_n but_o also_o have_v a_o great_a convenience_n of_o fortify_v their_o city_n and_o secure_v they_o against_o the_o incursion_n of_o any_o foreign_a enemy_n such_o as_o these_o be_v 1._o the_o rekenitz_n which_o separate_v this_o country_n from_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n make_v a_o kind_n
or_o runi_n helmondus_n i_o think_v first_o teach_v they_o to_o call_v themselves_o by_o this_o latter_a name_n fancy_v that_o the_o ancient_a insula_fw-la runorum_fw-la who_o adam_n bremensis_n call_v fortissimam_fw-la slavorum_fw-la gentem_fw-la must_v needs_o be_v rugen_n whereas_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o the_o runi_n as_o the_o learned_a ol._n wormius_n conjecture_n live_v further_o eastward_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o liefland_n where_o to_o this_o day_n there_o be_v a_o small_a island_n call_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n die_v run_v however_o let_v the_o ancestor_n of_o the_o modern_a rugian_a nobleman_n be_v what_o they_o will_v they_o have_v this_o good_a mark_n of_o antiquity_n that_o they_o pay_v tithe_n duely_o of_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n fruit_n wool_n etc._n etc._n then_o any_o people_n in_o germany_n and_o give_v large_a allowance_n and_o more_o respect_n to_o their_o clergy_n men._n the_o rustic_n pay_v easy_a rent_n than_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o place_n and_o therefore_o have_v reason_n to_o give_v as_o they_o common_o do_v that_o respect_n and_o honour_n to_o their_o landlord_n which_o all_o the_o antiquity_n they_o brag_v of_o can_v challenge_v marchionatus_fw-la brandenburgicus_fw-la authore_fw-la olao_n johannis_n gotho_n gustavi_fw-la mag._n r._n s._n cosmographo_fw-la to_z the_o honourable_a s._n r_o lyonel_n jenkins_n judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n die_v marck_n which_o be_v now_o a_o word_n common_o use_v in_o germany_n to_o express_v all_o the_o territory_n subject_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n as_o he_o be_v only_a marquis_n of_o the_o empire_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o outmost_a border_n or_o limit_n of_o a_o country_n so_o that_o markgraf_n instead_o of_o which_o we_o use_v the_o french_a word_n marquis_n be_v proper_o judex_n or_o comes_fw-la limitaneus_fw-la which_o we_o may_v english_a lord_z lieutenant_z of_o the_o march_n and_o this_o title_n seem_v reasonable_o enough_o appropriate_v to_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o empire_n may_v possible_o heretofore_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o emperor_n delegate_n in_o hear_v and_o determine_v cause_n as_o well_o as_o oppose_v all_o violent_a incursion_n of_o foreigner_n the_o city_n of_o brandenburg_n which_o lend_v the_o marquis_n his_o title_n and_o be_v once_o the_o metropolis_n of_o these_o part_n be_v now_o decay_a into_o a_o despicable_a village_n of_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v expect_v a_o large_a account_n anon_o when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o middle_a marck_n the_o whole_a marquisate_n which_o dresser_n tell_v we_o be_v seven_o great_a day_n journey_n either_o in_o length_n or_o breadth_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o pomeren_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d on_o the_o north-west_n with_o lunenburg_n on_o the_o west_n with_o brunswic_n on_o the_o south-west_n with_o magdeburg_n on_o the_o south_n with_o anhalt_n the_o upper_a saxony_n and_o lusatia_n on_o the_o southeast_n with_o silesia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o poland_n and_o last_o on_o the_o north-east_n with_o prussia_n the_o country_n be_v general_o sandy_a and_o full_a of_o wood_n and_o forest_n afford_v good_a store_n of_o corn_n but_o small_a quantity_n of_o any_o other_o provision_n in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n you_o may_v meet_v with_o good_a flock_n of_o sheep_n but_o rare_o find_v any_o considerable_a herd_n of_o kine_n the_o boar_n near_o francfurt_n brandenburg_n and_o berlin_n brag_v of_o their_o vineyard_n and_o think_v the_o vintage_n they_o have_v yearly_a worth_a the_o toil_n of_o plant_v and_o look_v after_o their_o vine_n but_o their_o neighbour_n have_v not_o so_o good_a a_o opinion_n of_o the_o mean_a liquor_n which_o these_o poor_a man_n boast_v of_o for_o in_o the_o upper_a saxony_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o frighten_v young_a child_n to_o school_n by_o threaten_v to_o make_v they_o drink_v brandenburg_n wine_n and_o this_o proverb_n be_v ordinary_a among_o they_o vinum_fw-la auss_n den_n alten_n marck_n calefacit_fw-la ut_fw-la quarck_n now_o the_o word_n quarck_n in_o their_o dialect_n proper_o signify_v a_o squeeze_a handful_n of_o new_a cheese_n but_o be_v common_o use_v in_o a_o metaphorical_a sense_n to_o denote_v any_o sort_n of_o insipid_a stuff_n whatever_o their_o salt_n be_v bring_v to_o they_o up_o the_o elb_n havel_n and_o spree_n from_o other_o country_n to_o who_o they_o return_v corn_n and_o fish_n the_o two_o chief_a commodity_n of_o this_o province_n the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n territory_n do_v not_o afford_v such_o mine_n of_o silver_n as_o several_a country_n subject_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n mine_n mine_n and_o some_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v one_o main_a reason_n why_o the_o money_n coin_v in_o this_o marquisate_n be_v much_o base_a metal_n than_o what_o we_o find_v currant_n in_o saxony_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lunenburg_n in_o some_o place_n they_o make_v a_o shift_n to_o dig_v up_o small_a parcel_n of_o brass_n iron_n and_o copper_n but_o scarce_o anywhere_o enough_o to_o supply_v the_o necessary_a occasion_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o varini_n and_o naithones_n inhabitant_n inhabitant_n two_o branch_n of_o the_o vast_a nation_n of_o the_o suevian_o who_o be_v succeed_v by_o the_o helvoldi_n wilini_fw-la beirani_n and_o some_o other_o tribe_n of_o the_o slavonian_n but_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o have_v in_o the_o year_n 620_o conquer_v and_o throw_v out_o the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o people_n bestow_v these_o territory_n upon_o sigefride_n earl_n of_o rengelheim_n who_o with_o some_o of_o his_o successor_n new_o people_v the_o desolate_a country_n with_o golony_n out_o of_o holland_n zealand_n westphalia_n saxony_n and_o franconid_v so_o that_o the_o present_a brandenburger_n be_v a_o mix_a medley_n of_o several_a different_a german_a nation_n as_o may_v easy_o be_v observe_v from_o the_o confusion_n of_o dialect_n which_o make_v up_o the_o language_n of_o this_o people_n the_o generality_n of_o they_o be_v so_o lamentable_o poor_a and_o miserable_a that_o to_o lie_v on_o a_o bed_n of_o clean_a straw_n be_v esteem_v the_o character_n of_o one_o of_o better_a fashion_n than_o his_o neighbour_n soon_o after_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o first_o be_v conquest_n of_o brandenburg_n religion_n religion_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n and_o under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o elector_n joachim_n the_o first_o embrace_v the_o tenant_n of_o m._n luther_n in_o this_o state_n they_o continue_v undisturbed_a until_o the_o breach_n betwixt_o george_n william_n father_n of_o the_o present_a elector_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o neuburg_n for_o the_o latter_a have_v marry_v a_o daughter_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n at_o that_o time_n the_o most_o potent_a prince_n of_o the_o popish_a party_n embrace_v the_o tenant_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n fancy_v as_o it_o be_v conjecture_v that_o this_o expedient_a may_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o secure_v the_o aid_n and_o assistance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n if_o his_o occasion_n shall_v require_v it_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o elector_n marry_v a_o sister_n of_o frideric_n the_o five_o prince_z elector_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o grand_a protector_n of_o the_o calvinist_n adhere_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o calvin_n hope_v thereby_o to_o engage_v the_o netherlands_o to_o befriend_v he_o upon_o occasion_n but_o when_o afterward_o he_o be_v persuade_v by_o his_o wife_n to_o put_v out_o a_o edict_n for_o suppress_v the_o lutheran_n discipline_n and_o doctrine_n and_o authorise_v the_o calvinian_a throughout_o his_o dominion_n which_o be_v do_v in_o the_o year_n 1615_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o marquisate_n unanimous_o rebel_v against_o he_o and_o have_v probable_o put_v a_o end_n to_o his_o line_n and_o government_n if_o they_o have_v not_o meet_v with_o a_o speedy_a redress_n of_o their_o grievance_n hereupon_o the_o elector_n be_v force_v to_o compose_v the_o business_n by_o revoke_v this_o edict_n and_o set_v forth_o a_o new_a one_o in_o its_o place_n whereby_o it_o be_v order_v that_o the_o form_n of_o divine_a service_n shall_v be_v use_v in_o all_o public_a church_n within_o the_o marquisat_n of_o brandenburg_n according_a to_o the_o institution_n of_o luther_n only_o and_o that_o the_o elector_n with_o his_o marchioness_n and_o those_o few_o more_o that_o be_v of_o their_o opinion_n shall_v not_o be_v permit_v to_o hear_v a_o calvinist_n preacher_n in_o any_o other_o place_n then_o a_o private_a chapel_n however_o these_o mean_n be_v find_v insufficient_a to_o secure_v the_o people_n from_o all_o innovation_n in_o church-discipline_n for_o upon_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o elector_n family_n and_o daily_a conflux_n of_o new_a favourite_n
and_o sheep_n as_o the_o forest_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o venison_n the_o mountain_n indeed_o be_v not_o so_o rich_a in_o silver_n as_o some_o in_o the_o principality_n of_o grubenhagen_n and_o county_n of_o stolberg_n but_o this_o defect_n be_v supply_v by_o the_o abundance_n of_o iron_n over_o which_o be_v almost_o peculiar_a to_o this_o province_n the_o four_o chief_a river_n in_o this_o country_n 1._o die_v kalte_n bode_n 2._o die_v warm_a bode_n 3._o die_v rapbode_n 4._o die_v lubbode_n have_v their_o name_n as_o luther_n in_o his_o onomasticon_fw-la tell_v we_o from_o one_o bodo_n bode_n or_o vode_n a_o prince_n of_o these_o part_n for_o the_o ancient_a german_n have_v a_o peculiar_a fancy_n of_o eternize_n their_o name_n by_o bestow_v they_o upon_o the_o most_o notable_a river_n in_o their_o country_n which_o they_o know_v will_v outlast_v the_o strong_a fort_n and_o castle_n they_o can_v build_v the_o high_a mountain_n in_o these_o part_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d perhaps_o in_o germany_n be_v der_fw-mi brocken_n blockberg_n or_o brocksberg_n call_v by_o latin_a author_n melibocus_n and_o bructerus_n bructerus_n hercyniae_fw-la montes_fw-la supereminet_fw-la omnes_fw-la and_o indeed_o it_o may_v well_o be_v call_v the_o tall_a mountain_n not_o only_o in_o the_o hercynian_a wood_n but_o in_o all_o europe_n if_o what_o some_o of_o the_o high_a dutch_a geographer_n relate_v of_o it_o be_v true_a for_o they_o endeavour_v to_o persuade_v we_o that_o the_o top_n of_o it_o come_v near_o the_o uppermost_a region_n of_o the_o air_n in_o which_o they_o have_v questionless_a place_v it_o have_v not_o their_o philosopher_n acquaint_v they_o that_o ice_n and_o snow_n wherewith_o they_o observe_v the_o top_n of_o this_o and_o the_o adjoin_a mountain_n almost_o continual_o cover_v be_v product_n of_o the_o middle_a region_n they_o tell_v we_o further_o that_o from_o hence_o in_o a_o clear_a day_n may_v be_v discern_v not_o only_o the_o city_n of_o brunswic_n magdeburg_n luneburg_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o german_a ocean_n and_o baltic_n sea_n which_o be_v a_o story_n just_a as_o credible_a as_o what_o some_o of_o our_o northern_a rustic_n will_v not_o stick_v to_o affirm_v that_o from_o the_o top_n of_o some_o of_o our_o high_a mountain_n on_o the_o outmost_a border_n of_o england_n a_o view_n may_v be_v take_v of_o all_o the_o sea_n round_o the_o isle_n of_o great_a britain_n among_o the_o many_o wonder_n of_o nature_n hole_n buman_n hole_n wherewith_o this_o county_n abound_v the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v a_o great_a cave_n betwixt_o blackenburg_n and_o elbingerode_n call_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n from_o its_o first_o discoverer_n buman_n hole_n the_o mouth_n of_o this_o cave_n be_v so_o narrow_a that_o a_o man_n be_v force_v to_o creep_v in_o at_o it_o but_o soon_o after_o your_o entrance_n you_o pass_v through_o a_o dark_a and_o dismal_a gallery_n as_o high_a as_o the_o stately_a house_n no_o man_n can_v ever_o yet_o affirm_v that_o he_o meet_v with_o the_o end_n of_o it_o though_o some_o miner_n have_v confident_o assert_v that_o they_o have_v go_v as_o far_o as_o goslar_n which_o be_v about_o twenty_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o cave_n mouth_n this_o story_n be_v confident_o report_v among_o the_o neighbourhood_n that_o about_o 80_o year_n ago_o a_o venturous_a young_a fellow_n who_o look_v after_o a_o herd_n of_o kine_n in_o the_o neighbour_a wood_n go_v alone_o to_o find_v out_o new_a discovery_n in_o this_o cave_n lose_v his_o way_n and_o have_v by_o chance_n have_v his_o light_n put_v out_o wander_v for_o eight_o day_n together_o before_o he_o find_v his_o way_n back_o at_o his_o return_n his_o hair_n be_v perfect_o grey_a and_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o his_o journey_n strange_a and_o terrible_a he_o give_v a_o relation_n of_o a_o great_a many_o odd_a kind_n of_o spirit_n and_o appartion_n wherewith_o he_o have_v encounter_v some_o whereof_o seize_v on_o he_o as_o a_o thief_n judge_v and_o condemn_v he_o but_o at_o last_o have_v first_o put_v a_o halter_n about_o his_o neck_n grant_v he_o a_o reprieve_n many_o other_o that_o have_v have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o view_v the_o inside_n of_o this_o strange_a cave_n pretend_v to_o meet_v with_o the_o like_a fairy_n but_o withal_o affirm_v they_o to_o be_v better_a company_n than_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o poor_a cow-herd_n in_o this_o cave_n be_v often_o find_v a_o great_a many_o large_a bone_n of_o strange_a creature_n some_o whereof_z be_v keep_v as_o rarity_n by_o the_o neighbour_a gentleman_n and_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o the_o skeleton_n of_o a_o man_n of_o a_o prodigious_a bulk_n be_v bring_v out_o among_o other_o rarity_n of_o the_o like_a sort_n near_o the_o old_a monastery_n of_o michaelstein_n monkcrag_n monkcrag_n not_o far_o from_o blackenburg_n two_o huge_a craggy_a rock_n be_v to_o be_v see_v confront_v each_o other_o which_o natural_o but_o as_o exact_o as_o if_o cut_v by_o the_o most_o curious_a workman_n represent_v two_o monk_n in_o their_o proper_a habit_n the_o one_o of_o these_o be_v still_o and_o have_v be_v possible_o ever_o since_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n in_o these_o part_n call_v hans_n much_o and_o the_o other_o henning_n munch_n but_o not_o to_o continue_v too_o long_o on_o this_o subject_n fort_n old_a fort_n the_o work_n of_o art_n in_o many_o place_n of_o this_o county_n be_v as_o admirable_a as_o the_o forementioned_a extravagancy_n of_o nature_n for_o you_o shall_v scarce_o observe_v any_o high_a cragged_a hill_n in_o the_o whole_a province_n but_o on_o the_o top_n thereof_o may_v still_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o old_a fort._n it_o be_v admirable_a to_o behold_v so_o many_o strong_a castle_n hew_v out_o of_o such_o high_a and_o inaccessible_a rock_n as_o most_o of_o these_o be_v and_o no_o casie_a matter_n to_o guess_v what_o shall_v be_v the_o design_n of_o these_o bulwark_n in_o so_o barren_a and_o desert_a a_o place_n as_o the_o hercynean_a forest_n of_o all_o these_o the_o duke_n palace_n at_o blaekenburg_n where_o the_o duke_n of_o wulfenbuttel_n usual_o spend_v the_o hunt_a part_n of_o the_o year_n be_v almost_o the_o only_a habitable_a fort_n in_o the_o country_n the_o rest_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o so_o many_o venerable_a monument_n of_o antiquity_n such_o be_v the_o old_a castle_n of_o reinstein_n so_o call_v from_o its_o be_v hew_v out_o of_o one_o entire_a rock_n or_o stone_n heimburg_n hartingow_n gerssdorf_n lawenburg_n homburg_n with_o many_o more_o the_o most_o noteble_a of_o the_o utter_o demolish_a fort_n be_v hartzburg_n hartzburg_n hartzburg_n the_o ruin_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n of_o that_o name_n not_o far_o from_o the_o mountain_n bructerus_n some_o historian_n assert_v that_o this_o fort_n be_v build_v about_o three_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n by_o the_o chauci_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o saxon_a nation_n who_o in_o those_o day_n inhabit_v these_o country_n add_v further_o that_o these_o same_o chauci_n erect_v in_o this_o place_n a_o temple_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o saturn_n from_o who_o the_o castle_n be_v in_o those_o day_n name_v saturburg_n this_o satur_n or_o crodo_n for_o that_o name_n also_o be_v give_v he_o by_o the_o german_a antiquary_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o image_n of_o a_o old_a man_n stand_v barefoot_a on_o the_o prickle_a back_n of_o a_o ruff_n to_o denote_v say_v pomarius_n the_o security_n of_o his_o adorer_n in_o the_o most_o difficult_a undertake_n in_o his_o right_a hand_n he_o hold_v a_o bucker_n of_o water_n strew_v over_o with_o all_o sort_n of_o flower_n and_o fruit_n thereby_o promise_v to_o send_v rain_n on_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o production_n of_o such_o flower_n and_o fruit_n in_o his_o left_a hand_n he_o carry_v a_o wheel_n the_o emblem_n of_o that_o unity_n and_o concord_n which_o all_o his_o worshipper_n be_v thereby_o advise_v to_o embrace_v mechtilde_v daughter_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n surname_v the_o fowler_n write_v the_o whole_a history_n of_o this_o idol_n in_o a_o rich_a silken_a coat_n of_o needlework_n which_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n be_v take_v by_o the_o swedish_n general_n bannier_n out_o of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n at_o goslar_n and_o carry_v into_o sweden_n upon_o the_o conversion_n of_o wittekind_n and_o his_o saxon_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n this_o idol_n and_o its_o temple_n be_v both_o destroy_v together_o by_o the_o express_a command_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a who_o change_v the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n into_o hartzburg_n because_o situate_v in_o the_o hercynian_a wood._n in_o the_o day_n of_o duke_n julius_n a_o salt-well_a be_v discover_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o hill_n which_o occasion_v the_o build_n of_o a_o small_a town_n for_o workman_n call_v to_o this_o day_n julius-halle_n which_o be_v since_o by_o
the_o great_a trade_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n in_o salt_n copper_n kettles_n pot_n wire_n etc._n etc._n considerable_o enrich_v and_o augment_v though_o the_o imperial_a city_n goslar_n be_v whole_o independent_a upon_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o therefore_o can_v proper_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n subject_a to_o those_o prince_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v situate_a in_o this_o country_n and_o whole_o environ_v with_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o say_a duke_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o in_o this_o place_n to_o give_v the_o reader_n some_o short_a account_n of_o it_o this_o city_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v found_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o and_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n goose_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v here_o the_o emperor_n build_v himself_o a_o palace_n in_o which_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o keep_v his_o usual_a residence_n this_o palace_n say_v the_o high_a dutch_a antiquary_n be_v proper_o name_v goslar_n which_o name_n afterward_o communicate_v to_o the_o town_n build_v round_o about_o it_o for_o the_o termination_n lar_n laer_fw-mi lager_n signify_v no_o more_o say_v they_o than_o a_o dwell_a house_n and_o consequent_o goslar_n must_v denote_v such_o a_o single_a apartment_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n goose_n the_o citizen_n of_o goslar_n enjoy_v as_o many_o and_o large_a privilege_n almost_o as_o any_o other_o immediate_a subject_n of_o the_o emperor_n in_o all_o imperial_a writ_n and_o letter_n direct_v to_o they_o they_o be_v style_v nobile_fw-la membrum_fw-la imperii_fw-la and_o they_o be_v exempt_a from_o pay_v toll_n in_o any_o market_n in_o the_o empire_n except_o three_o all_o the_o house_n in_o this_o city_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o glitter_a kind_n of_o slat_n which_o be_v a_o great_a ornament_n to_o the_o town_n but_o enough_o on_o a_o clear_a day_n to_o dazzle_v the_o eye_n of_o a_o traveller_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v all_o miner_n and_o the_o only_a trade_n of_o the_o town_n be_v in_o dig_v cleanse_v temper_v and_o vend_v all_o manner_n of_o metal_n except_o gold_n and_o a_o great_a many_o sort_n of_o choice_a mineral_n of_o the_o country_n such_o as_o vitriol_n brimtone_n quicksilver_n copperas_n etc._n etc._n episcopatus_n hildesiensis_fw-la descriptio_fw-la novissima_fw-la authore_fw-la joanne_n gigante_n d._n med._n et_fw-fr math._n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanun_n swart_a avita_n fide_fw-la the_o bishopric_n of_o hildesheim_n whence_o the_o city_n of_o hildesheim_n which_o give_v name_n to_o this_o bishopric_n come_v to_o be_v so_o call_v be_v not_o unanimous_o agree_v on_o by_o their_o own_o etymologist_n some_o of_o they_o read_v the_o word_n bildesheim_n and_o fetch_v its_o original_n from_o the_o virgin_n mary_n picture_n in_o their_o language_n belde_n with_o some_o other_o relic_n which_o they_o tell_v we_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n the_o godly_a at_o the_o first_o foundation_n of_o this_o diocese_n have_v hang_v upon_o a_o tree_n near_o this_o place_n and_o return_v can_v not_o pull_v they_o off_o again_o other_o will_v have_v we_o believe_v that_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o town_n be_v hildeschnee_n i.e._n the_o lord_n snow_n and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o call_v from_o a_o great_a snow_n which_o fall_v the_o night_n that_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n lodge_v in_o this_o place_n cover_v all_o the_o earth_n for_o some_o mile_n round_o a_o foot_n deep_a except_v only_o the_o place_n where_o the_o cathedral_n now_o stand_v which_o remain_v dry_a and_o untouched_a but_o these_o and_o the_o like_a story_n be_v only_o to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o scrap_n of_o old_a legend_n and_o the_o ridiculous_a and_o idle_a fancy_n of_o illiterate_a monk_n it_o be_v much_o more_o likely_a what_o some_o historian_n of_o note_n have_v record_v that_o the_o say_a emperor_n name_v this_o city_n after_o his_o mother_n hildegard_n for_o hilda_n or_o hille_n in_o the_o dialect_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o abbreviation_n of_o hildegard_n as_o well_o as_o saunder_n of_o alexander_n fritze_n of_o frideric_n metta_n of_o mechtildis_n ilse_n of_o elizabeth_n etc._n etc._n and_o instead_o of_o hildesheim_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o neighbour_a gentry_n the_o rustic_n say_v hillsem_n when_o gunther_n a_o poor_a priest_n of_o eltze_n be_v first_o advance_v to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o hildesheim_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 822_o this_o diocese_n be_v but_o of_o a_o small_a extent_n but_o in_o after_o age_n the_o county_n of_o wintzenburg_n schladen_n poppenburg_n peine_fw-fr woldenberg_n hundsrucken_v and_o lewenstein_n be_v annex_v to_o it_o the_o last_o be_v now_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n as_o the_o whole_a bishopric_n may_v probable_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n for_o although_o the_o citixen_n at_o present_a as_o well_o as_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n of_o their_o church_n pay_v homage_n to_o maximilian-henry_n government_n government_n elector_n of_o collen_n as_o their_o bishop_n yet_o the_o last_o duke_n of_o hannover_n quarter_v his_o great_a army_n during_o the_o late_a broil_n betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o the_o empire_n in_o this_o diocese_n without_o the_o leave_n and_o doubtless_o against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o say_a elector_n and_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o the_o present_a duke_n to_o enter_v upon_o this_o whole_a diocese_n when_o he_o shall_v see_v occasion_n nor_o needs_o he_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n for_o such_o a_o pretence_n in_o so_o do_v we_o know_v into_o what_o strait_n eric_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n bring_v john_n iv_o and_o forty-sixth_a bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n in_o the_o year_n 1523_o when_o he_o leave_v he_o only_o the_o bare_a city_n of_o hildesheim_n with_o the_o three_o inconsiderable_a fort_n of_o peyne_n steurwald_n and_o marienborg_n and_o that_o for_o several_a year_n after_o these_o territory_n which_o be_v surround_v with_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n be_v subject_a to_o duke_n eric_n successor_n so_o that_o all_o that_o hinder_v the_o potent_a duke_n ernestus_n from_o re-enter_v upon_o these_o rich_a possession_n of_o some_o of_o his_o ancestor_n be_v either_o his_o exemplary_a fidelity_n in_o a_o strict_a observance_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o brunswic_n in_o the_o year_n 1653_o wherein_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o this_o diocese_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o collen_n as_o administrator_n of_o hildesheim_n or_o else_o we_o must_v ascribe_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o delay_n to_o his_o generous_a temper_n in_o scorn_v to_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o present_a calamitous_a estate_n of_o the_o say_a elector_n the_o town_n of_o hildesheim_n though_o usual_o divide_v into_o the_o old_a and_o new_a city_n look_v all_o of_o it_o very_o ancient_a and_o venerable_a hildesheim_n hildesheim_n but_o otherwise_o have_v nothing_o in_o it_o that_o be_v great_a or_o splendid_a in_o the_o cathedral_n may_v be_v see_v the_o relic_n of_o the_o famous_a saxon_a idol_n irmensewl_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o large_a account_n the_o great_a corn-trade_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o first_o thing_n that_o raise_v the_o burgher_n of_o hildesheim_n to_o that_o pitch_n as_o to_o obtain_v so_o honourable_a a_o place_n in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o hans-town_n and_o it_o be_v the_o same_o sort_n of_o traffic_n which_o still_o maintain_v their_o grandeur_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o burgher_n of_o this_o and_o the_o neighbour_a town_n and_o indeed_o almost_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o diocese_n be_v lutheran_n the_o reformation_n be_v first_o begin_v upon_o a_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o citizen_n and_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o year_n 1552_o whereupon_o the_o former_a call_v in_o john_n bugenhagen_n ant._n corvin_n and_o henry_n winkel_n three_o lutheran_n preacher_n who_o in_o a_o short_a time_n draw_v after_o they_o the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o town_n at_o the_o treaty_n of_o brunswic_n abovementioned_a it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n shall_v not_o be_v open_o teach_v or_o profess_v in_o this_o bishopric_n beyond_o such_o a_o set_a number_n of_o year_n but_o that_o article_n be_v repeal_v and_o make_v invalid_a by_o a_o clause_n in_o the_o general_a treaty_n of_o westphalia_n 648._o the_o best_a catalogue_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n which_o can_v be_v pick_v out_o of_o the_o many_o different_a some_o imperfect_a and_o most_o false_a account_v give_v of_o they_o by_o the_o german_a historian_n be_v as_o follow_v elshop_n elshop_n 1._o gunther_n founder_n of_o the_o cathedral_n and_o st._n cecil_n church_n he_o die_v a._n d._n 835._o 2._o frembert_n who_o live_v but_o a_o few_o month_n after_o his_o instalment_n 3_o ebc_n a_o frenchman_n who_o have_v be_v suspend_v from_o the_o
you_o may_v meet_v large_a vineyard_n plentiful_o stock_v with_o grape_n out_o of_o which_o be_v press_v a_o much_o more_o palatable_a sort_n of_o wine_n then_o can_v be_v have_v in_o any_o part_n of_o saxony_n or_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n among_o the_o many_o kind_n of_o plant_n and_o herb_n wherewith_o the_o field_n and_o forest_n as_o well_o as_o garden_n of_o thuringen_n abound_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o peculiar_a to_o this_o province_n be_v wild_a saffron_n and_o woad_n the_o late_a of_o which_o be_v use_v by_o our_o dyer_n in_o their_o best_a blew_n and_o sky-colour_n and_o with_o which_o the_o old_a britain_n as_o cesar_n inform_v we_o be_v use_v to_o paint_v themselves_o near_a sangerhausen_n and_o salfeld_n have_v sometime_o be_v dug_n up_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o copper_n and_o silver_n over_o and_o at_o franckenhausen_n saltzungen_n and_o sultza_n they_o have_v still_o rich_a salt-pit_n the_o chief_a river_n of_o the_o country_n be_v the_o sala_n rivers_n rivers_n werra_n vnstrut_v hiera_n ilm_n leina_fw-la schwertze_n wipper_n helbe_n rahna_n helme_n lossa_n and_o giessel_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v several_a great_a lake_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o of_o their_o mountain_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v the_o weissensee_n and_o schwansee_n the_o boar_n of_o thuringen_n be_v a_o rough_a and_o unhew'n_a sort_n of_o people_n downright_a clown_n inhabitant_n inhabitant_n and_o so_o far_o stranger_n to_o courtship_n and_o breed_n that_o they_o be_v with_o much_o difficulty_n bring_v acquaint_v with_o the_o common_a principle_n of_o humanity_n they_o hardly_o admit_v of_o any_o manner_n of_o government_n or_o order_n among_o they_o and_o be_v possible_o the_o only_a german_n that_o be_v uncivil_a to_o traveller_n the_o thuringer_n upon_o their_o first_o appearance_n in_o these_o part_n government_n government_n subject_v themselves_o to_o a_o king_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n and_o continue_v in_o this_o estate_n till_o their_o whole_a land_n be_v overrun_v and_o conquer_v by_o the_o franc_n in_o the_o year_n 1522._o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a and_o his_o father_n king_n pepin_n who_o first_o root_v out_o paganism_n and_o plant_v christianity_n in_o this_o province_n the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n who_o govern_v it_o by_o several_a deputy_n and_o lieutenant_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o kingdom_n of_o thuringen_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o a_o great_a many_o county_n and_o barony_n or_o lordship_n such_o be_v the_o county_n of_o schwartzburg_n kirchberg_n kefernburg_n schoneberg_n gleichen_n sangerhausen_n etc._n etc._n the_o lordship_n of_o franckenstein_n saltza_n heldrungen_n dreffert_n apolda_n vargila_n etc._n etc._n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n ludowic_n count_n of_o schoneberg_n get_v the_o title_n of_o count_n of_o thuringen_n confer_v on_o he_o by_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n ii_o and_o his_o grandchild_n prevail_v with_o lotharius_n ii_o to_o change_v the_o title_n of_o count_n into_o landtgrave_n in_o this_o line_n the_o honour_n continue_v till_o the_o death_n of_o herman_n landtgrave_n of_o thuringen_n and_o hessen_n in_o the_o year_n 1226._o whereupon_o henry_n duke_n of_o brabant_n get_v possession_n of_o hessen_n and_o thuringen_n fall_v to_o henry_n marquis_n of_o misnia_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o house_n of_o saxony_n erfurt_n the_o metropolis_n of_o thuringen_n erfurt_n erfurt_n and_o one_o of_o the_o large_a city_n in_o germany_n be_v think_v by_o bertius_fw-la and_o other_o learned_a geographer_n to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o erfa_n a_o old_a ruinous_a castle_n near_o thirty_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o the_o town_n i_o have_v rather_o believe_v its_o ancient_a name_n to_o have_v be_v jerafurt_n which_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o ferry_n over_o the_o river_n jera_fw-fr on_o the_o bank_n of_o which_o this_o city_n now_o stand_v there_o be_v three_o barony_n and_o seventy-two_a fair_a village_n subject_a to_o the_o citizen_n of_o erfurt_n so_o that_o the_o country_n rustic_n have_v some_o reason_n for_o that_o proverbial_a say_n in_o ordinary_a use_n among_o they_o erfurt_n be_v not_o a_o city_n but_o a_o country_n when_o this_o great_a city_n which_o be_v about_o as_o large_a as_o coln_n and_o as_o beautiful_a be_v first_o build_v be_v not_o easy_o determine_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o boniface_n archbishop_n of_o mentz_n it_o be_v reckon_v a_o ancient_a city_n for_o there_o be_v still_o extant_a a_o epistle_n write_v by_o that_o prelate_n to_o pope_n zachary_n wherein_o we_o meet_v with_o these_o word_n unam_fw-la esse_fw-la sedem_fw-la episcopatus_fw-la decrevimus_fw-la in_o castello_n quod_fw-la dicitur_fw-la wurtzburg_n &_o alteram_fw-la in_o oppido_fw-la quod_fw-la nominatur_fw-la buriburg_n perhaps_o nuriburg_n tertiam_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la qui_fw-la dicitur_fw-la erphesfurt_n qui_fw-la fuit_fw-la olim_fw-la paganorum_fw-la the_o town_n be_v situate_a in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n abundant_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n and_o afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o good_a wine_n vast_a multitude_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v maintain_v by_o gather_v and_o dress_v the_o herb_n woad_n before_o mention_v which_o grow_v in_o great_a abundance_n in_o most_o field_n near_o erfurt_n this_o and_o the_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o town_n corn_n wine_n etc._n etc._n be_v carry_v off_o at_o two_o great_a fair_n in_o the_o year_n whereof_o one_o be_v hold_v the_o week_n after_o trinity_n sunday_n and_o the_o other_o at_o martinmass_n weimar_n a_o neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n weimar_n weimar_n in_o the_o middle_a way_n betwixt_o erfurt_n and_o jena_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v ancient_o call_v weinmarckt_v from_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o wine_n sell_v daily_o at_o this_o town_n it_o be_v questionless_a a_o place_n of_o great_a antiquity_n since_o as_o the_o old_a chronicle_n of_o thuringen_n witness_n the_o emperor_n otho_n ii_o hold_v a_o general_a diet_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o this_o city_n in_o the_o year_n 975._o the_o only_a remarkable_a thing_n in_o the_o town_n be_v the_o landgrave_n palace_n a_o regular_a and_o stately_a piece_n of_o building_n the_o city_n of_o jena_n seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o sala_n jena_n jena_n and_o famous_a for_o a_o univesity_n and_o great_a concourse_n of_o learned_a man_n may_v just_o be_v reckon_v the_o three_o in_o thuringen_n some_o german_a etymologist_n will_v have_v this_o town_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a fetch_v its_o name_n from_o the_o grape_n or_o vineyard_n about_o it_o they_o tell_v we_o jain_n signify_v wine_n in_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n and_o therefore_o too_o it_o be_v probable_a say_v they_o that_o the_o jew_n be_v first_o founder_n of_o this_o city_n but_o this_o conjecture_n have_v as_o little_a of_o probability_n in_o it_o as_o that_o fancy_n of_o some_o other_o who_o endeavour_n to_o derive_v the_o name_n of_o this_o town_n from_o the_o old_a roman_a god_n janus_n since_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o there_o grow_v any_o vine_n near_o this_o place_n foam_n century_n ago_o or_o that_o ever_o the_o jew_n be_v master_n of_o it_o the_o town_n be_v at_o present_a a_o well_o compact_a piece_n and_o tolerable_o well_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o turret_n the_o foundation_n of_o the_o university_n be_v first_o begin_v by_o john_n frideric_n elector_n of_o saxony_n who_o procure_v for_o it_o many_o brave_a and_o large_a privilege_n from_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o but_o this_o good_a prince_n never_o live_v to_o finish_v the_o work_n he_o have_v begin_v but_o upon_o his_o deathbed_n commit_v that_o charge_n to_o his_o son_n who_o get_v the_o forementioned_a privilege_n confirm_v by_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n in_o the_o year_n 1558._o since_o that_o time_n there_o have_v never_o want_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o eminent_a professor_n and_o learned_a man_n in_o all_o faculty_n in_o this_o university_n among_o who_o the_o great_a j._n lipsius_n be_v one_o a_o man_n sufficient_a of_o himself_o not_o to_o mention_v any_o of_o his_o learned_a colleague_n to_o eternize_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o place_n they_o have_v here_o a_o library_n give_v they_o by_o some_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o daily_o augment_v but_o not_o so_o considerable_a as_o to_o merit_v a_o particular_a description_n gotha_n the_o five_o great_a town_n in_o thuringen_n gotha_n gotha_n seat_v on_o the_o leina_fw-la be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o some_o of_o the_o old_a gothic_a troop_n on_o their_o march_n through_o this_o country_n towards_o italy_n and_o by_o they_o to_o have_v have_v the_o name_n of_o gotha_n give_v it_o however_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o be_v only_o a_o mean_a village_n such_o as_o may_v just_o serve_v for_o the_o tent_n of_o a_o company_n of_o hardy_a
and_o a_o great_a many_o stately_a dwell_a house_n the_o chief_a trade_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v in_o beer-brewing_a and_o make_v colour_v and_o dress_v several_a sort_n of_o linen_n and_o some_o woollen_a cloth_n zittau_n zittau_n zittau_n or_o sittau_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o susse_v awe_n and_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o fresh_a and_o sweet_a water_n on_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v but_o we_o need_v inquire_v no_o further_o after_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n if_o what_o dresser_n report_v be_v true_a that_o on_o a_o grave-stone_n in_o this_o city_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o his_o time_n the_o follow_a inscription_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 1021_o idibus_fw-la julii_n obiit_fw-la pia_fw-la &_o illustris_fw-la foemina_fw-la zittavia_n christianissimo_fw-la principi_fw-la manfredo_n nupta_fw-la fundatrix_fw-la &_o dotatrix_fw-la huius_fw-la oppidi_fw-la de_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la nomine_fw-la dicti_fw-la there_o be_v hardly_o any_o thing_n at_o present_a remarkable_a in_o the_o town_n except_o the_o old_a franciscan_a monastery_n which_o since_o the_o reformation_n have_v be_v convert_v into_o a_o hospital_n iv_o leiba_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o lobau_n liben_fw-ge loben_n or_o lubben_n for_o all_o these_o name_n i_o find_v give_v it_o by_o mercator_n and_o other_o note_a geographer_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o one_o of_o the_o old_a town_n in_o these_o part_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n the_o other_o five_o confederate_a city_n of_o lusatia_n use_v always_o to_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o consult_v at_o this_o place_n in_o time_n of_o any_o common_a calamity_n or_o danger_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o small_a rivulet_n about_o a_o equal_a distance_n betwixt_o bautzen_n and_o gorlitz_n gird_v round_o with_o a_o delicate_a plain_n and_o pleasant_a meadow_n we_o may_v judge_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o this_o little_a town_n by_o the_o vast_a plunder_v which_o the_o swedish_n army_n confess_v they_o get_v out_o of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1639_o which_o amount_v to_o a_o sum_n of_o seventy_o thousand_o ricxdollar_n in_o ready_a cash_n beside_o other_o rich_a booty_n v._o luben_n on_o the_o spree_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o low_a lusatia_n in_o this_o place_n the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n have_v a_o palace_n in_o which_o sometime_o in_o a_o progress_n for_o pleasure_n he_o keep_v his_o residence_n for_o some_o short_a while_n what_o alteration_n be_v here_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n may_v perhaps_o be_v remember_v by_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a burgher_n of_o the_o town_n but_o be_v not_o i_o think_v record_v by_o any_o historian_n of_o note_n vi_o guben_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o a_o well_o fortify_v little_a town_n in_o the_o low_a lusatia_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n neisse_n which_o contribute_v very_o much_o to_o its_o strength_n and_o security_n in_o the_o year_n 1631_o immediate_o after_o the_o great_a battle_n of_o leipsick_a the_o imperialist_n fall_v in_o upon_o this_o city_n and_o take_v it_o but_o towards_o the_o late_a end_n of_o october_n be_v drive_v out_o again_o by_o marquis_n hamilton_n at_o that_o time_n a_o commander_n in_o the_o swedish_n army_n who_o come_v sudden_o upon_o they_o put_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o to_o the_o sword_n and_o rout_v the_o rest_n but_o the_o poor_a citizen_n be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1642_o when_o the_o swedish_n general_n stallhanss_n lie_v before_o it_o for_o three_o week_n together_o and_o the_o poor_a besiege_a saxon_n lay_v block_v up_o and_o destitute_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o ammunition_n be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o surrender_v themselves_o upon_o what_o term_n their_o merciless_a enemy_n will_v propose_v to_o they_o camentz_n lucken_n calow_n with_o many_o other_o may_v pass_v for_o fair_a village_n but_o will_v hardly_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o city_n the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n many_o and_o various_a be_v the_o opinion_n of_o geographer_n touch_v the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n silesia_n or_o schlesien_n to_o speak_v in_o the_o german_a language_n it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o schless_a a_o small_a river_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o other_o but_o other_o be_v content_a to_o fetch_v it_o from_o the_o elysii_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n not_o trouble_v themselves_o to_o dive_v any_o further_a into_o the_o original_n of_o that_o name_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o that_o vast_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o now_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o common_a name_n of_o silesia_n be_v contain_v ancient_o a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n of_o different_a name_n and_o government_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pirckheimer_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o country_n about_o bresslaw_n be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o lutiburi_n the_o principality_n of_o sagan_n by_o the_o batini_n the_o dukedom_n of_o oppelen_n by_o the_o sidones_n and_o that_o of_o teschen_n by_o the_o cogni_n to_o these_o simon_n grisbecius_n add_v several_a other_o in_o the_o follow_a distich_n elysiam_fw-la veteres_fw-la ligii_fw-la quadique_fw-la manimi_n marsigni_n clari_fw-la quam_fw-la tenuere_fw-la luij_o and_o to_o these_o the_o learned_a cluverius_n will_v have_v we_o to_o add_v the_o semnones_n osi_n burii_n etc._n etc._n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v no_o more_o than_o so_o many_o distinct_a name_n take_v from_o the_o different_a village_n these_o man_n inhabit_v or_o it_o may_v be_v from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o river_n as_o be_v the_o peculiar_a fancy_n of_o these_o german_a people_n now_o these_o name_n of_o place_n rivers_z etc._n etc._n be_v as_o cureus_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o silesia_n assure_v we_o quite_o lose_v and_o forget_v upon_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o polish_v language_n into_o this_o country_n lignitz_n libus_fw-la and_o some_o few_o place_n more_o retain_v their_o primitive_a name_n but_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v as_o appear_v from_o their_o termination_n of_o a_o polish_v extraction_n pliny_n call_v the_o other_o the_o chief_a river_n of_o this_o country_n guttalus_n and_o other_o think_v that_o river_n which_o have_v now_o the_o name_n of_o the_o spree_n be_v by_o the_o ancient_n name_v suevus_n from_o whence_o some_o geographer_n not_o improbable_o have_v conclude_v that_o first_o the_o goth_n and_o afterward_o the_o suevi_n or_o swabe_n be_v former_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n that_o silesia_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n in_o the_o day_n of_o their_o first_o prince_n lechus_n or_o at_o least_o a_o good_a large_a share_n of_o it_o government_n ancient_a government_n down_z as_o far_o as_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n oder_fw-ge seem_v probable_a enough_o from_o the_o testimony_n of_o adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n the_o former_a whereof_o begin_v the_o polish_v nation_n from_o the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o that_o river_n which_o the_o late_a make_v the_o utmost_a bound_n eastward_o of_o his_o slavi_n however_o it_o be_v as_o manifest_v that_o the_o ancient_a prince_n of_o germany_n often_o invade_v this_o land_n and_o probable_a enough_o that_o it_o be_v sometime_o tributary_n to_o they_o before_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v day_n we_o have_v but_o little_a of_o history_n concern_v these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o we_o may_v rely_v on_o but_o cureus_n prove_v to_o we_o that_o this_o emperor_n among_o many_o other_o his_o noble_a exploit_n subject_v silesia_n to_o himself_o and_o eginhard_n mean_v the_o same_o thing_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o charles_n the_o great_a overrun_v the_o whole_a country_n betwixt_o the_o rhine_n and_o the_o vistula_n where_o by_o the_o vistula_n it_o be_v evident_a he_o understand_v the_o first_o original_a source_n or_o head_n of_o that_o river_n after_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v day_n we_o have_v yet_o clear_a testimony_n of_o the_o silesian_n pay_v homage_n to_o the_o german_n adam_n bremensis_n a_o historian_n of_o unquestionable_a authority_n speak_v of_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n the_o godly_a say_v ipse_fw-la boemanos_fw-la sarabos_n susos_n where_o by_o the_o way_n we_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o instead_o of_o silesii_fw-la some_o of_o the_o ancient_a writer_n have_v slesii_n other_o sliusii_n many_o sileucii_n and_o not_o a_o few_o susi_n &_o caeteros_fw-la slavorum_n populos_fw-la ita_fw-la perdomuit_fw-la ut_fw-la tributarios_fw-la efficeret_fw-la whence_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o quick_o throw_v of_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v yoke_n as_o they_o do_v not_o long_o afterward_o his_o son_n be_v too_o for_o helmoldus_n tell_v we_o post_fw-la mortem_fw-la ludovici_n regis_fw-la bohemi_n sorabi_n susi_fw-la &_o slavi_n quos_fw-la ipse_fw-la tributis_fw-la subjecerat_fw-la tunc_fw-la servitutis_fw-la jugum_fw-la excusserunt_fw-la another_o rebellion_n the_o annales_n fuldenses_n mention_n in_o the_o year_n 874_o slavi_n qui_fw-la vocantur_fw-la linones_n &_o sliusi_fw-la eorumque_fw-la vicini_fw-la defectionem_fw-la molientes_fw-la solitum_fw-la dare_v censum_fw-la renuunt_fw-la quos_fw-la
east_n of_o the_o dukedom_n divide_v it_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o hungary_n and_o poland_n mention_v usual_o in_o latin_a writer_n by_o the_o name_n of_o montes_n carpatii_n or_o hungarici_n but_o by_o the_o native_n of_o this_o country_n call_v common_o jablunka_n among_o these_o hill_n the_o silesian_n find_v the_o chief_a treasure_n of_o their_o great_a dukedom_n have_v here_o a_o great_a many_o mine_n of_o silver_n and_o lead_n the_o miner_n that_o inhabit_v these_o part_n be_v call_v by_o their_o neighbour_n die_v walachen_n and_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o people_n much_o more_o rough_a and_o rustical_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o silesian_n a_o vast_a company_n of_o these_o boar_n in_o the_o year_n 1643_o revolt_v from_o the_o imperialist_n and_o flee_v to_o the_o swedish_n army_n but_o be_v not_o long_o after_o reclaim_v the_o other_o row_n of_o mountain_n be_v on_o the_o south_n and_o divide_v the_o dukedom_n of_o teschen_n from_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n these_o hill_n the_o native_n call_v gesencke_v but_o latin_a author_n make_v they_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sudetes_n and_o name_v they_o montes_n moravici_n these_o latter_a do_v not_o afford_v that_o plenty_n of_o ore_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o former_a but_o be_v tolerable_o well_o stock_v with_o mineral_n and_o some_o metal_n and_o supply_v what_o they_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o other_o in_o this_o kind_n with_o huge_a flock_n of_o sheep_n which_o be_v here_o pasture_v other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o teschen_n be_v bielitz_n freystattlein_n friedick_n jablunke_v which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o eastern_a row_n of_o mountain_n abovementioned_a nistkow_n strummen_n skotschau_n and_o schwartzwasser_n some_o add_v lassla_n with_o who_o agree_v j._n scultetus_n map_n of_o silesia_n but_o this_o town_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o troppau_n x._o the_o county_n and_o city_n of_o glatz_n among_o the_o montes_n sudetes_n lie_v the_o county_n of_o glatz_n county_n county_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o moravia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o bohemia_n and_o on_o the_o east_n and_o north_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n for_o which_o reason_n modern_a geographer_n have_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n to_o determine_v which_o of_o the_o three_o nation_n they_o shall_v refer_v it_o to_o some_o of_o they_o make_v it_o a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohehemia_n other_o esteem_v it_o a_o petty_a province_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n and_o a_o three_o sort_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v most_o probability_n on_o their_o side_n call_v it_o a_o silesian_n county_n it_o be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v the_o marsigni_n in_o who_o day_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n be_v call_v luca._n after_o they_o the_o hungarian_n get_v possession_n of_o this_o and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n and_o keep_v it_o till_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o rout_v they_o and_o hang_v up_o their_o chief_a commander_n in_o one_o of_o the_o forest_n of_o this_o county_n from_o this_o great_a hungarian_a warrior_n who_o name_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v glozar_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n or_o glotz_n be_v first_o name_v though_o other_o etymologist_n think_v its_o ancient_a name_n to_o be_v klotz_n which_o signify_v proper_o the_o root_n and_o trunk_n of_o a_o tree_n but_o be_v sometime_o take_v for_o a_o large_a forest_n or_o copps_z of_o shrub_n such_o as_o they_o tell_v we_o once_o grow_v in_o the_o place_n where_o glatz_n now_o stand_v the_o nobility_n of_o this_o county_n have_v a_o tradition_n among_o they_o that_o before_o their_o land_n be_v conquer_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o make_v christian_a this_o county_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n by_o who_o it_o be_v afterward_o bestow_v on_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n m._n george_n aelurius_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o the_o city_n and_o county_n of_o glatz_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1625_o say_v that_o it_o be_v as_o his_o countryman_n affirm_v subject_n at_o first_o to_o the_o emperor_n but_o afterward_o win_v and_o enjoy_v for_o some_o time_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o who_o the_o bohemian_o take_v it_o and_o as_o appear_v from_o the_o record_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v master_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1074_o and_o 1114._o after_o this_o the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n make_v themselves_o lord_n of_o the_o county_n of_o glatz_n which_o within_o a_o while_n return_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o then_o back_o again_o to_o the_o foresay_a duke_n in_o this_o state_n it_o continue_v till_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o in_o who_o reign_n it_o be_v once_o more_o subject_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o thus_o it_o continue_v till_o king_n george_n about_o the_o year_n 1460_o bestow_v the_o city_n of_o glatz_n munsterberg_n and_o franckenstein_n upon_o his_o own_o son_n who_o thereupon_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n and_o earl_n of_o glatz_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iv_o in_o the_o year_n 1500_o the_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n sell_v this_o country_n to_o vlric_n earl_n of_o hardegg_n who_o successor_n within_o less_o than_o forty_o year_n after_o sell_v it_o again_o to_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n i._n who_o bestow_v it_o on_o the_o lord_n of_o bernstein_n from_o they_o it_o descend_v a._n d._n 1549_o upon_o ernest_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n after_o who_o death_n it_o return_v again_o to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n the_o commodity_n of_o this_o country_n be_v iron_n coal_n silver-ore_n timber_n all_o sort_n of_o venison_n and_o tame_a cattle_n butter_n cheese_n etc._n etc._n how_o rich_a the_o country_n be_v may_v hence_o easy_o be_v gather_v that_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n steward_n and_o rent-gatherers_a have_v be_v know_v to_o bring_v into_o their_o master_n coffer_n near_o forty_o thousand_o ricxdollar_n yearly_o out_o of_o this_o one_o county_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n be_v a_o neat_a and_o compact_a town_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o neisse_n but_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o neighbour_a hill_n which_o overlook_v and_o command_v the_o town_n the_o great_a church_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v former_o the_o temple_n of_o a_o idol_n worship_v by_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n in_o which_o as_o aelurius_n tell_v we_o the_o young_a maid_n of_o the_o country_n use_v to_o nail_v up_o their_o hair_n against_o the_o wall_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o that_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o several_a of_o these_o kind_n of_o tabulae_fw-la votivae_fw-la be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o charter_n of_o their_o city_n permit_v their_o magistrate_n to_o coin_v money_n in_o their_o own_o name_n but_o they_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o the_o privilege_n any_o further_a than_o to_o give_v abroad_o a_o kind_n of_o small_a coin_n little_o better_o than_o the_o farthing_n and_o halfpence_n late_o currant_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o no_o better_a man_n than_o a_o ordinary_a grocer_n or_o chandler_n in_o most_o of_o our_o market-town_n in_o england_n beside_o glatz_n there_o be_v the_o follow_v nine_o great_a town_n in_o this_o county_n havelswerd_v neurode_o winschelburg_n mitselwald_n reinertz_n lewin_n landeck_v beurath_n and_o wilhelmsthal_n or_o neustatl_n beside_o a_o hundred_o fair_a village_n and_o upward_o marchionatus_n moraviae_n auct_n i._o comenio_n excudebat_fw-la janssonio-waesbergä_a moses_n pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanus_n swart_a notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs_fw-la muris_fw-la cincla_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n turritus_fw-la arx_n zamek_a castellum_n â—â—â—z_fw-fr pagi_n innominati_n monasterium_fw-la vinetorum_fw-la colle_n thermae_n seu_fw-la aquae_fw-la medicale_n officinae_fw-la â—â—â—â—aria_fw-it auri_fw-la et_fw-fr argenti_n fodinae_fw-la ferri_n fodinae_fw-la the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n moravia_n be_v common_o in_o the_o bohemian_a writer_n prefer_v before_o silesia_n although_o this_o late_a be_v a_o dukedom_n and_o the_o other_o no_o more_o than_o a_o marquisate_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o preeminence_n must_v be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o this_o marquisate_n have_v be_v ancient_o a_o kingdom_n or_o else_o to_o its_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n before_o ever_o the_o silesian_n embrace_v their_o yoke_n the_o german_n call_v this_o country_n mahren_n and_o some_o of_o their_o writer_n will_v have_v it_o name_v mehrhenland_n or_o equarum_fw-la regio_fw-la imagine_v the_o true_a etymology_n of_o the_o word_n to_o come_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o horse_n or_o mare_n breed_v in_o this_o marquisate_n but_o certain_o the_o word_n moravia_n which_o be_v undoubted_o of_o the_o same_o offspring_n with_o the_o
heathen_a slavonian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o their_o first_o come_v into_o this_o country_n bring_v with_o they_o a_o great_a many_o idol_n god_n who_o they_o worship_v as_o the_o only_a protector_n and_o saviour_n of_o their_o nation_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o they_o call_v pron_z or_o peron_n which_o in_o their_o language_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o jupiter_n intonans_fw-la this_o be_v their_o god_n of_o god_n divum_fw-la pater_fw-la atque_fw-la hominum_fw-la rex_fw-la and_o worship_v with_o the_o same_o reverence_n as_o thor_n among_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n but_o this_o god_n be_v at_o last_o for_o some_o misdemeanour_n or_o other_o throw_v out_o of_o favour_n and_o the_o honour_n confer_v on_o swanto-wit_n a_o idol_n who_o temple_n stand_v at_o julinum_n or_o wollin_n in_o pomeren_n in_o those_o day_n the_o large_a city_n in_o europe_n some_o small_a remembrance_n of_o this_o god_n they_o retain_v to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v usual_a for_o friend_n shake_v hand_n to_o use_v this_o mutual_a compellation_n witeg_n witeg_n or_o witam_n te_fw-la in_o which_o they_o still_o seem_v to_o own_o the_o idol_n wit_n for_o their_o god_n christianity_n begin_v first_o to_o be_v profess_v in_o the_o kingdom_n about_o the_o year_n 894_o in_o which_o it_o be_v say_v duke_n borsivogius_n be_v baptize_v by_o methodius_n the_o saint_n of_o bohemia_n this_o methodius_n be_v a_o prelate_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n so_o that_o the_o clergy_n of_o bohemia_n do_v not_o for_o some_o age_n acknowledge_v the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n supremacy_n the_o reformation_n be_v first_o begin_v here_o upon_o this_o occasion_n a_o young_a gentleman_n of_o this_o country_n travel_v into_o england_n and_o visit_v our_o university_n have_v here_o at_o oxford_n the_o opportunity_n of_o transcribe_v several_a tract_n write_v by_o our_o british_a author_n among_o other_o thing_n he_o chance_v to_o light_v upon_o some_o of_o john_n wicliff_n work_n copy_n of_o which_o he_o carry_v home_o with_o he_o and_o show_v to_o jahn_n huss_n and_o jerome_n of_o prague_n upon_o the_o read_n of_o these_o book_n those_o two_o great_a man_n begin_v immediate_o to_o reform_v error_n in_o the_o church_n which_o good_a work_n they_o prosecute_v with_o great_a vigour_n and_o zeal_n till_o they_o be_v summon_v to_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n and_o there_o contrary_a to_o the_o promise_n and_o protestation_n of_o the_o popish_a prelate_n then_o assemble_v condemn_v for_o heretic_n and_o burn_v in_o the_o year_n 1415._o but_o so_o firm_o be_v their_o doctrine_n root_v in_o most_o of_o the_o heart_n of_o their_o hearer_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n by_o this_o expedient_a to_o hinder_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o reformation_n which_o soon_o after_o be_v more_o firm_o establish_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o luther_n melancthon_n calvin_n etc._n etc._n it_o have_v be_v well_o if_o after_o the_o foppery_n of_o rome_n be_v thus_o abolish_v the_o bohemian_o have_v content_v themselves_o with_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n grant_v they_o by_o their_o king_n but_o grow_v infolent_a as_o their_o number_n increase_v they_o begin_v first_o to_o mutiny_v against_o the_o emperor_n minister_n of_o state_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n mathias_n fall_v into_o a_o open_a rebellion_n this_o prove_v at_o last_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n which_o be_v now_o nowhere_o profess_v but_o in_o some_o by-corner_n and_o hole_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o unprosperous_a a_o thing_n be_v rebellion_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o religion_n the_o bohemian_a language_n as_o well_o as_o the_o russian_a polonian_a croatian_a and_o wendish_n be_v a_o dialect_n of_o the_o ancient_a slavonian_a a_o tongue_n so_o copious_a and_o sweet_a that_o the_o old_a lawgiver_n of_o this_o country_n as_o appear_v from_o several_a of_o their_o municipal_a law_n be_v zealous_a in_o command_v the_o true_a and_o primitive_a pronunciation_n and_o orthography_n of_o it_o to_o be_v keep_v up_o but_o this_o unhappiness_n attend_v the_o endeavour_n of_o these_o wellwisher_n to_o their_o country_n that_o they_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o any_o letter_n but_o the_o ruthenian_a character_n a_o alphabet_n exceed_o imperfect_a and_o whole_o unfit_a for_o the_o polish_n of_o a_o language_n afterward_o when_o the_o prince_n of_o bohemia_n begin_v to_o maintain_v a_o correspondence_n with_o their_o neighbour_n in_o germany_n the_o roman_a letter_n be_v bring_v in_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v their_o tongue_n be_v refine_v with_o better_a success_n however_o the_o modern_a bohemian_o be_v as_o negligent_a in_o this_o particular_a as_o their_o ancestor_n be_v careful_a nay_o most_o man_n of_o fashion_n in_o the_o kingdom_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o scandalous_a to_o speak_v their_o own_o mother-tongue_n in_o its_o purity_n and_o therefore_o talk_v ordinary_o either_o the_o german_a language_n entire_a or_o else_o the_o bohemian_a mix_v and_o mangle_v with_o a_o great_a many_o outlandish_a word_n and_o bombast_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n prague_n be_v the_o merropolis_n of_o this_o kingdom_n prague_n prague_n seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a place_n on_o the_o great_a river_n moldau_n what_o name_v it_o have_v before_o the_o bohemian_o come_v into_o this_o country_n be_v not_o to_o be_v learn_v out_o of_o any_o of_o their_o record_n but_o they_o it_o seem_v call_v it_o boioheim_n or_o the_o chief_a residence_n of_o the_o bohemian_a prince_n it_o be_v modern_a name_n be_v give_v it_o long_o after_o upon_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o slavonian_n with_o zechus_n boregius_n give_v this_o blind_a account_n of_o the_o original_n of_o this_o name_n some_o of_o the_o slavonian_n come_v to_o this_o town_n and_o find_v they_o busy_a in_o building_n inquire_v of_o one_o of_o the_o workman_n who_o as_o it_o chance_v be_v make_v a_o threshold_n which_o in_o his_o language_n be_v call_v prah_n what_o they_o be_v a_o make_n receive_v answer_v prah_n as_o the_o town_n be_v afterward_o name_v it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n the_o old_a new_a and_o little_a city_n which_o latter_a be_v separate_v from_o the_o two_o former_a by_o the_o moldau_n this_o great_a city_n be_v compare_v by_o aeneas_n silvius_n to_o florence_n in_o italy_n and_o our_o countryman_n dr._n brown_n who_o have_v see_v both_o and_o be_v curious_a enough_o in_o his_o observation_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o be_v much_o large_a and_o more_o populous_a than_o florence_n that_o the_o river_n arno_n which_o run_v through_o florence_n be_v not_o comparable_a to_o the_o moldau_n at_o prague_n but_o then_o he_o tell_v we_o the_o pave_v of_o the_o street_n at_o florence_n the_o cathedral_n st._n laurence_n chapel_n and_o the_o duke_n palace_n outstrip_v any_o thing_n that_o prague_n can_v boast_v of_o because_o the_o three_o partition_n of_o the_o town_n before_o mention_v be_v distinct_a corporation_n we_o shall_v describe_v they_o separately_z beginning_n with_o 1._o the_o old_a town_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n moldau_n be_v very_o populous_a and_o full_a of_o fair_a house_n build_v after_o a_o old_a fashion_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o town_n stand_v the_o university_n which_o have_v nothing_o stately_a in_o it_o but_o the_o jesuit_n college_n the_o historian_n of_o bohemia_n report_n strange_a thing_n of_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o scholar_n which_o have_v be_v resident_a at_o once_o in_o this_o university_n lewis_n du_fw-fr may_n counsellor_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o wirtenberg_n in_o his_o incomparable_a dialogue_n concern_v the_o state_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n say_v there_o be_v hardly_o at_o this_o day_n so_o many_o student_n to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o germany_n as_o be_v here_o in_o the_o year_n 1409_o when_o j._n huss_n himself_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v forty_o thousand_o scholar_n it_o be_v found_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iu._n and_o be_v still_o the_o only_a university_n in_o bohemia_n it_o will_v be_v worth_a observation_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o as_o be_v report_v no_o fly_n will_v touch_v any_o flesh_n expose_v to_o sale_n in_o the_o shambles_n here_o let_v the_o weather_n be_v never_o so_o hot_a the_o jew_n inhabit_v a_o good_a share_n of_o this_o old_a town_n which_o from_o they_o be_v call_v die_v juden-statt_a or_o the_o city_n of_o the_o jew_n they_o be_v very_o rich_a trade_v in_o all_o manner_n of_o commodity_n but_o especial_o in_o jewel_n and_o several_a sort_n of_o precious_a stone_n find_v in_o the_o mine_n of_o bohemia_n 2._o the_o new_a town_n be_v former_o separate_v from_o the_o old_a by_o a_o wall_n or_o ditch_n but_o now_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o part_v they_o but_o a_o trench_n into_o which_o they_o can_v let_v in_o the_o moldau_n at_o pleasure_n in_o this_o
part_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o ancient_a palace_n of_o the_o duke_n and_o king_n of_o bohemia_n there_o be_v still_o stand_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o wall_n round_o this_o palace_n the_o cement_n whereof_o be_v so_o good_a that_o hardly_o any_o engine_n can_v be_v invent_v which_o will_v pull_v they_o down_o the_o jesuit_n of_o late_a year_n have_v build_v here_o a_o new_a college_n for_o themselves_o which_o go_v beyond_o the_o other_o they_o have_v before_o in_o the_o old_a town_n 3._o the_o little_a town_n or_o kleine_n seiten_fw-ge as_o they_o sometime_o call_v it_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o muldau_n over_o which_o you_o pass_v by_o a_o stately_a stone-bridge_n of_o sixteen_o arch_n in_o this_o place_n stand_v winceslaus_n palace_n wherein_o the_o emperor_n when_o he_o come_v to_o prague_n keep_v his_o court._n some_o have_v venture_v to_o affirm_v that_o as_o good_a high_a dutch_a be_v speak_v in_o this_o palace_n and_o by_o the_o neighbour_a burgher_n as_o in_o any_o city_n of_o germany_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v curious_o and_o critical_o inquire_v into_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o assertion_n will_v find_v that_o the_o language_n here_o speak_v fall_v as_o far_o short_a of_o the_o pure_a misnian_a dialect_n as_o this_o palace_n do_v of_o the_o elector_n court_n at_o dresden_n not_o far_o from_o hence_o be_v the_o cathedral_n of_o this_o archbishopric_n dedicate_v to_o st._n vite_fw-la from_o the_o top_n of_o which_o you_o have_v the_o best_a prospect_n of_o the_o city_n of_o prague_n at_o weissenberg_n or_o the_o white_a hill_n near_o prague_n be_v fight_v the_o fatal_a battle_n between_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n and_o count_n bucquoy_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o second_v force_n and_o frideric_n count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o elect_a king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o which_o the_o new_a king_n be_v conquer_v his_o force_n total_o rout_v his_o ordnance_n seize_v on_o and_o himself_o and_o his_o queen_n our_o king_n charles_n the_o martyr_n sister_n force_v to_o fly_v into_o silesia_n prague_n be_v force_v to_o resign_v itself_o up_o immediate_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o soon_o after_o root_v out_o all_o maintainer_n of_o the_o protestant_a religion_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n some_o historian_n have_v take_v notice_n that_o of_o the_o gospel_n appoint_v to_o be_v read_v on_o the_o day_n whereon_o be_v fight_v this_o battle_n which_o be_v the_o twenty-third_a sunday_n after_o trinity_n a._n d._n 1620_o this_o text_n render_v to_o cesar_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v caesar_n be_v a_o part_n which_o be_v as_o observable_a as_o the_o church_n of_o england_n appoint_v the_o 27_o chapter_n of_o matthew_n to_o be_v read_v the_o second_o lesson_n on_o the_o thirty_o of_o january_n whereon_o our_o late_a king_n suffer_v martyrdom_n ii_o egra_n egraâ—_n egraâ—_n a_o great_a city_n on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o palatinate_n be_v call_v by_o the_o bohemian_o chebbe_n but_o by_o the_o german_n that_o inhabit_v it_o egra_n from_o the_o river_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v it_o be_v make_v a_o imperial_a city_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n i._o in_o the_o year_n 1179_o in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o fidelity_n of_o the_o burgher_n to_o that_o emperor_n in_o oppose_a henry_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n who_o have_v overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o country_n it_o be_v wall_v with_o a_o double_a sometime_o with_o a_o triple_a wall_n and_o defend_v by_o a_o almost_o impregnable_a castle_n the_o marketplace_n be_v surround_v with_o very_o fair_a building_n and_o some_o of_o their_o church_n make_v a_o good_a show_n bertius_fw-la and_o ens_fw-la speak_v of_o strange_a cure_n perform_v by_o the_o water_n issue_v out_o of_o a_o fountain_n in_o the_o suburb_n of_o this_o city_n the_o well_o they_o mention_v be_v not_o in_o the_o suburb_n but_o about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o town_n its_o water_n be_v something_o salt_n and_o brinish_a but_o very_o cool_a and_o clear_a they_o be_v say_v to_o cure_v all_o infirmity_n in_o the_o eye_n ear_n or_o other_o part_n of_o the_o head_n and_o many_o other_o cure_n be_v wrought_v by_o their_o purge_n and_o cleanse_v the_o body_n jac._n theodorus_n tabernaemontanus_n give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o some_o strange_a feat_n wrought_v by_o they_o in_o his_o book_n entitle_v wasser-schatz_a print_v at_o frantfurt_n a._n d._n 1584._o and_o paul_n macasius_n publish_v a_o whole_a treatise_n about_o the_o nature_n and_o virtue_n of_o these_o egrish_a water_n in_o the_o year_n 1616._o some_o antiquary_n pretend_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o old_a name_n of_o this_o city_n be_v sourstad_v from_o these_o bitter_a water_n but_o we_o can_v expect_v no_o great_a faithfulness_n in_o the_o account_n of_o its_o antiquity_n since_o the_o city_n with_o all_o its_o record_n perish_v in_o the_o flame_n a._n d._n 1270._o other_o city_n of_o note_n be_v 1._o budweiss_n a_o fair_a and_o large_a town_n not_o far_o from_o the_o border_n of_o austria_n 2._o kuttenberg_n a_o mine-town_n on_o the_o elb._n elnbogen_n a_o strong_a town_n on_o the_o border_n of_o misnia_n call_v usual_o the_o bohemian_a key_n to_o the_o german_a empire_n 4._o thabor_n in_o the_o way_n betwixt_o prague_n and_o budweiss_n whence_o the_o picart_n get_v the_o name_n of_o thaborite_n leimiritz_n aug_v bern_n bruck_n gretz_n maut_n hoff_n jaromir_n pilsen_n etc._n etc._n be_v no_o better_o then_o ordinary_a market-town_n franconiae_fw-la nova_fw-la descriptio_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la jansonio-waesbergiorum_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-la stephani_fw-la swart_a reverendissim_fw-la o_o &_o illustrission_n principi_fw-la ac_fw-la domino_fw-la dnon_fw-la francisco_n episcopo_fw-la bambergensi_fw-la &_o wirceburgensi_fw-la francia_fw-la orientalis_n duci_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la clementissimo_fw-la humillime_v offer_v nicolaus_n rittershusius_n u._n i._o d._n the_o great_a circle_n of_o franconia_n franconia_n be_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o ten_o great_a circle_n or_o district_n into_o which_o the_o german_a empire_n be_v usual_o divide_v this_o district_n send_v to_o the_o diet_n the_o bishop_n of_o wurtsburg_n eichstadt_n and_o bamberg_n the_o count_n of_o henneberg_n wertheim_n etc._n etc._n with_o several_a other_o prince_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a beside_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o noremberg_n rottenburg_n winsheim_n and_o schwinfurt_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o schwaben_n and_o bavaria_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o rhine_n and_o the_o low_a palatinate_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o landgraviate_v of_o thuringen_n and_o on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n the_o country_n have_v undoubted_o its_o name_n from_o the_o frank_n its_o ancient_a inhabitant_n who_o some_o historian_n make_v a_o remnant_n of_o the_o old_a trojan_n who_o at_o first_o be_v expel_v their_o own_o country_n by_o the_o grecian_n seat_v themselves_o upon_o the_o seashore_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o danubius_n these_o sicambri_n for_o so_o they_o be_v then_o call_v be_v beat_v from_o their_o hold_n by_o the_o goth_n be_v force_v to_o seek_v out_o new_a habitation_n and_o at_o last_o about_o 430_o year_n before_o christ_n fix_v themselves_o under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o general_n marcomir_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n in_o westphalia_n friesland_n and_o gelderland_n all_o which_o country_n be_v afterward_o comprise_v under_o the_o general_n name_n of_o sicambria_n about_o four_o hundred_o year_n after_o they_o name_v themselves_o franci_n after_o the_o name_n of_o their_o great_a commander_n francus_n who_o lead_v they_o beyond_o the_o rhine_n and_o subdue_v for_o they_o the_o great_a part_n of_o gallia_n which_o they_o name_v franckric_a the_o german_n call_v it_o still_o franckreich_n or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o frank_n other_o say_v that_o the_o frank_n be_v not_o one_o particular_a people_n but_o that_o the_o vbii_n mattiaci_n juhones_n sicambri_n tencteri_n vsipetes_n marsi_n marsaci_n tubantes_n bructeri_n chamavi_n angrivarii_n dulgibini_n chassuarii_n ansibarii_n frisii_n chanci_n cherusci_n gambrivii_n and_o some_o other_o branch_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n unite_v themselves_o into_o one_o body_n by_o a_o solemn_a league_n and_o covenant_n as_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o secure_v themselves_o against_o the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n have_v thus_o link_v themselves_o together_o they_o take_v as_o the_o almain_n have_v do_v before_o they_o one_o common_a name_n call_v themselves_o francken_a which_o in_o their_o language_n signify_v as_o freyen_v in_o the_o modern_a high_a dutch_a a_o free_a people_n as_o we_o find_v in_o our_o ancient_a law-book_n francisia_n for_o freedom_n franciscare_n to_o set_v at_o liberty_n and_o franchise_n be_v a_o word_n still_o common_o use_v for_o liberty_n about_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixteen_o year_n after_o christ_n there_o be_v great_a contest_v between_o the_o thuringian_o and_o schwabe_n
which_o the_o former_a thought_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o by_o call_v in_o the_o king_n of_o the_o franc_n to_o their_o assistance_n and_o desire_v he_o to_o plant_v a_o colony_n of_o his_o soldier_n betwixt_o they_o and_o their_o enemy_n these_o proposal_n clodomir_v than_o king_n of_o france_n ready_o assent_v to_o and_o immediate_o dispatch_v his_o brother_n genebald_a with_o a_o great_a army_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o their_o promise_a dominion_n according_o genebald_a and_o his_o man_n fix_v themselves_o in_o maingow_n the_o ancient_a name_n of_o the_o territory_n round_a wartsburg_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o that_o country_n which_o from_o they_o retain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o name_n of_o franconia_n the_o two_o chief_a river_n of_o this_o land_n be_v the_o main_a and_o the_o sala_n rivers_n rivers_n whereof_o the_o former_a spring_n out_o of_o two_o fountain_n among_o the_o hill_n on_o the_o border_n of_o bohemia_n and_o pass_v by_o bamberg_n hassfurt_n schweinfurt_n kitzingen_n wurtzburg_n wertheim_n and_o francfurt_n be_v swallow_v by_o the_o rhine_n at_o mentz_n the_o german_a geographer_n give_v this_o account_n of_o these_o river_n maenus_fw-la pater_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quia_fw-la rubrum_fw-la &_o album_fw-la maenum_fw-la generate_fw-la &_o maritus_fw-la salae_n baec_fw-la autem_fw-la vxor_fw-la dicitur_fw-la maeni_fw-la &_o mater_fw-la quoniam_fw-la octo_fw-la liberos_fw-la habet_fw-la fluvios_fw-la minores_fw-la this_o country_n be_v encompass_v with_o wood_n and_o mountain_n soil_n soil_n but_o have_v not_o in_o it_o any_o hill_n of_o extraordinary_a height_n there_o be_v in_o it_o several_a forest_n and_o park_n well_o stock_v with_o deer_n wild_a boar_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o game_n most_o of_o the_o hill_n especial_o along_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n main_a and_o tauber_n be_v cover_v with_o vine_n which_o yield_v as_o delicate_a and_o rich_a a_o wine_n as_o the_o best_a vineyard_n upon_o the_o rhine_n the_o field_n about_o bamberg_n be_v wonderful_o fruitful_a in_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n beside_o their_o great_a plenty_n of_o grape_n apple_n and_o other_o fruit_n licorise_n grow_v so_o plentiful_o hereabout_o that_o it_o be_v ordinary_o carry_v off_o the_o field_n in_o waggon-loads_a the_o bamberger_n have_v also_o great_a store_n of_o saffron_n and_o melon_n and_o hardly_o want_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v pleasant_a or_o necessary_a the_o circle_n of_o franconia_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o six_o lesser_a principality_n division_n division_n whereof_o four_o be_v subject_n to_o spiritual_a and_o two_o to_o temporal_a prince_n the_o four_o spiritual_a prince_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o bamberg_n wurtzburg_n and_o eeichstad_v and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n the_o first_o of_o these_o have_v the_o preeminence_n and_o challenge_v a_o kind_n of_o archiepiscopal_a jurisdiction_n over_o the_o rest_n the_o bishop_n of_o wurtzburg_n be_v a_o more_o potent_a prince_n than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n though_o inferior_a in_o place_n to_o bamberg_n the_o bishop_n of_o eichstad_n have_v no_o large_a dominion_n in_o franconia_n the_o most_o of_o his_o territory_n lie_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o bavaria_n and_o schwaben_n the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n have_v now_o little_o leave_v but_o the_o bare_a title_n to_o a_o few_o bailiwick_n which_o seldom_o or_o never_o take_v notice_n of_o he_o for_o their_o governor_n the_o two_o temporal_a prince_n be_v the_o burggrave_v of_o noremberg_n who_o be_v two_o prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v some_o more_o petty_a county_n and_o lordship_n subject_a to_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o hennenberg_n be_v under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o weimar_n and_o several_a other_o places_z swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o mentz_n the_o old_a francick_a dialect_n language_n language_n or_o lingua_n theotisca_n be_v the_o true_a mother_n of_o the_o modern_a high_a dutch_a the_o word_n theotisca_n be_v nothing_o else_o then_o a_o corruption_n of_o die_n hogh_o deutsch_n in_o opposition_n to_o die_n nieder_fw-ge deutsch_n speak_v in_o westphalia_n and_o the_o low_a saxony_n m._n goldastus_n have_v take_v care_n to_o preserve_v several_a fragment_n of_o record_n diplomata_fw-la etc._n etc._n write_v many_o age_n ago_o in_o this_o tongue_n and_o martin_n opitz_n the_o virgil_n of_o germany_n as_o he_o be_v usual_o style_v publish_v the_o life_n of_o anno_fw-la archbishop_n of_o coln_n in_o the_o same_o dialect_n a._n d._n 1639._o otfrid_n historia_fw-la evangelica_n write_v in_o old_a francic_n near_o 900_o year_n ago_o be_v publish_v at_o basil_n in_o the_o year_n 1571_o and_o willeramus_fw-la the_o abbot_n of_o mersburg_n paraphrase_n upon_o the_o canticle_n at_o leyden_n a._n d._n 1598._o upon_o which_o the_o learned_a fr._n junius_n f._n f._n publish_v his_o incomparable_a note_n at_o amsterdam_n 1655._o since_o which_o time_n mr._n lambecius_n the_o emperor_n library-keeper_n at_o vienna_n have_v make_v public_a several_a scrap_n in_o his_o curious_a history_n of_o some_o rarity_n in_o the_o imperial_a library_n and_o mr._n junius_n before_o mention_v have_v late_o bequeath_v a_o noble_a collection_n of_o the_o like_a monument_n of_o antiquity_n to_o our_o public_a library_n at_o oxford_n among_o which_o the_o choice_a be_v tatian_n harmonia_n evangelica_n illustrate_v with_o mr._n junius_n note_n and_o design_v for_o the_o press_n wurtzburg_n call_v by_o bede_n wirceburg_n wurtzburg_n wurtzburg_n by_o sigebert_n wirtiburgum_n and_o wirtziburgum_n by_o trithemius_n paepolis_n and_o marcopolis_n but_o by_o most_o of_o the_o modern_a latin_a historian_n and_o geographer_n herbipolis_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o franconia_n and_o have_v its_o name_n as_o most_o imagine_v from_o the_o variety_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o herb_n wurtzen_n grow_v in_o this_o place_n conradus_n celtes_n the_o first_o poet_n laureate_a in_o germany_n call_v this_o city_n erebipolis_n which_o word_n some_o derive_v from_o a_o certain_a pagan_a god_n name_v erebus_n never_o hear_v of_o by_o any_o francic_a antiquary_n i_o rather_o think_v that_o poet_n work_n corrupt_v and_o erebipolis_n careless_o write_v for_o herbipolis_n i_o can_v but_o here_o take_v notice_n of_o champerius_n mistake_n who_o though_o a_o learned_a man_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr mirabilibus_fw-la mundi_fw-la that_o there_o be_v two_o bishopric_n in_o germany_n subject_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n to_o wit_n wirceburgensis_n and_o herbipogenensis_n which_o be_v something_o akin_a to_o the_o blunder_n of_o a_o late_a geographer_n who_o make_v two_o distinct_a city_n of_o strasburg_n and_o argentina_n it_o be_v by_o some_o fancy_v that_o the_o palace_n at_o wurtzburg_n be_v build_v long_o before_o the_o city_n because_o in_o the_o life_n of_o st_n burchard_n the_o palace_n be_v call_v old_a wurtzburg_n and_o the_o town_n new_a wurtzburg_n andrew_n goldmayer_n a_o whimsical_a astrologer_n in_o this_o town_n have_v give_v we_o this_o punctual_a account_n of_o its_o age_n wurtzburg_n say_v he_o be_v build_v a._n m._n 3782_o three_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n in_o the_o two_o and_o forty_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n augustus_n in_o the_o twenty-sixth_a year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n francus_n on_o the_o twentyseventh_a of_o february_n about_o thirty-three_a minute_n past_o eleven_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o forenoon_n but_o man_n less_o skilled_a in_o calculation_n though_o of_o better_a understanding_n than_o this_o gentleman_n say_v it_o be_v build_v by_o genebald_a about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 236._o bede_n call_v it_o pagus_n but_o by_o that_o word_n questionless_a intend_v to_o render_v the_o german_a word_n gow_n which_o signify_v a_o province_n or_o county_n as_o well_o as_o a_o village_n the_o bishop_n have_v supreme_a jurisdiction_n over_o the_o whole_a town_n in_o temporal_n as_o well_o as_o spiritual_n and_o sit_v at_o his_o pleasure_n judge_n in_o all_o cause_n civil_a and_o criminal_a when_o he_o appear_v in_o public_a there_o be_v a_o sword_n carry_v before_o he_o with_o this_o inscription_n herbipolis_n sola_fw-la judicat_fw-la ense_n &_o stola_fw-la and_o when_o he_o say_v mass_n there_o lie_v before_o he_o on_o the_o altar_n a_o draw_a sword_n to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n that_o to_o he_o belong_v the_o execution_n of_o justice_n throughout_o the_o whole_a principality_n of_o franconia_n the_o most_o remarkable_a sight_n in_o the_o town_n next_o to_o the_o bishop_n palace_n a_o stately_a structure_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n beyond_o the_o river_n the_o hospital_n and_o great_a college_n in_o the_o gymnasium_n both_o of_o which_o be_v mighty_a regular_a and_o uniform_a building_n and_o equal_a most_o of_o our_o new_a build_v college_n in_o oxford_n bamberg_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v at_o first_o name_v babenberg_n bâ—â—_n bâ—â—_n from_o baba_n the_o emperor_n
a_o imperial_a city_n at_o the_o jesuit_n college_n be_v to_o be_v see_v before_o the_o war_n with_o france_n a_o large_a old_a roman_a aries_n or_o battering-ram_n a_o piece_n of_o antiquity_n of_o great_a value_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v now_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o i_o know_v not_o to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v moltzheim_n have_v on_o the_o brusch_n seltz_n and_o some_o few_o town_n more_o place_n of_o no_o great_a note_n before_o they_o be_v visit_v by_o the_o french_a army_n and_o of_o much_o less_o since_o the_o chief_a city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o upper_a alsace_n the_o city_n of_o brisach_n call_v by_o antonine_n in_o his_o itenerary_n mons_fw-la brisiacus_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o brisgow_n the_o old_a inhabitant_n of_o which_o province_n we_o find_v often_o mention_v in_o latin_a historian_n by_o the_o name_n of_o brisigavi_n or_o brisigavii_n b._n rhenanus_fw-la and_o some_o other_o high_a dutch_a antiquary_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o brisach_n stand_v former_o on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n because_o on_o that_o side_n the_o old_a roman_n use_v to_o build_v their_o fort_n and_o on_o the_o east_n of_o this_o town_n there_o be_v still_o a_o great_a hollow_a valley_n which_o they_o take_v for_o the_o ancient_a channel_n of_o the_o rhine_n but_o cluverius_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o prove_v that_o the_o emperor_n valentinian_n who_o all_o allow_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o brisach_n build_v castle_n on_o both_o side_n the_o river_n the_o town_n stand_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o round_a hill_n excellent_o well_o fortify_v both_o by_o nature_n and_o art_n but_o they_o have_v only_o one_o deep_a well_o which_o supply_v the_o whole_a city_n with_o water_n the_o river_n be_v at_o some_o distance_n and_o the_o passage_n troublesome_a in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n this_o town_n be_v besiege_v and_o take_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o saxon-weimar_n who_o force_n be_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o courage_n and_o gallantry_n resist_v by_o the_o imperialist_n for_o four_o month_n together_o during_o which_o time_n the_o besiege_a be_v bring_v to_o those_o extremity_n as_o to_o dig_v up_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o their_o soldier_n after_o they_o have_v be_v some_o day_n bury_v and_o to_o eat_v their_o flesh_n in_o this_o siege_n 80000_o man_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v slay_v and_o about_o 1100000_o rixdollar_n spend_v in_o ammunition_n on_o both_o side_n since_o that_o time_n a._n d._n 1638_o the_o french_a under_o who_o banner_n the_o forementioned_a duke_n of_o saxony_n then_o bear_v arm_n have_v remain_v master_n of_o this_o city_n wherein_o their_o present_a victorious_a king_n have_v of_o late_o repair_v its_o fortification_n keep_v a_o strong_a garrison_n and_o a_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o chamber_n at_o spire_n which_o decide_v all_o controversy_n in_o his_o new_a conquest_n levy_n contribution_n give_v he_o right_o to_o all_o neighbour_a village_n as_o dependency_n on_o some_o great_a town_n yield_v up_o to_o he_o by_o the_o late_a treaty_n at_o nimiguen_n etc._n etc._n 2._o freyburg_n in_o brisgow_n be_v at_o first_o a_o village_n build_v by_o a_o company_n of_o miner_n who_o wrought_v at_o the_o silver_n and_o copper_n mine_n about_o a_o german_a mile_n from_o brisach_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n grow_v so_o rich_a as_o to_o purchase_v the_o estate_n and_o title_n of_o nobleman_n by_o this_o mean_v their_o village_n grow_v up_o into_o a_o large_a city_n which_o be_v able_a upon_o a_o very_a short_a warning_n to_o send_v into_o the_o field_n three_o thousand_o fight_a man_n this_o city_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n a._n d._n 1386_o and_o be_v by_o the_o present_a emperor_n resign_v up_o to_o the_o french_a together_o with_o its_o village_n of_o lehn_n mezhausen_n and_o kirchzart_n in_o exchange_n for_o philipsburg_n there_o be_v in_o the_o town_n fourteen_o religious_a house_n and_o a_o university_n found_v by_o albert_n archduke_n of_o austria_n in_o the_o year_n 1450._o the_o citizen_n be_v excellent_a artist_n at_o polish_n all_o manner_n of_o precious_a stone_n such_o especial_o as_o be_v find_v in_o lorraine_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n 3._o near_o the_o place_n where_o the_o imperial_a city_n colmar_n be_v now_o seat_v stand_v the_o ancient_a argentuaria_n which_o be_v conquer_v by_o gratian_n the_o emperor_n a._n d._n 378_o and_o afterward_o destroy_v by_o the_o gothic_a general_n attila_n out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o this_o old_a town_n colmar_n or_o cole-market_n be_v first_o build_v a_o city_n which_o stand_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o fruitful_a country_n and_o former_o so_o populous_a that_o in_o the_o great_a church_n at_o a_o easter-time_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o have_v near_o four_o thousand_o communicant_n but_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n wherein_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o swedish_n force_n and_o by_o they_o resign_v to_o the_o french_a and_o the_o late_a engagement_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n army_n have_v make_v it_o as_o desolate_a of_o inhabitant_n as_o house_n vtriusque_fw-la alsatiae_fw-la superioris_fw-la ac_fw-la inferioris_fw-la nova_fw-la tabula_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a lantgraff_n in_o obern_n elssas_n lantgraff_n in_o vnderen_n elssa_n alsatia_n inferior_a apud_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n alsatia_n superior_n cum_fw-la suntgoia_n et_fw-fr brisgoia_n terrirotium_fw-la argentoratense_n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr ptephanum_n swart_a mulnhausen_n by_o most_o late_a geographer_n place_v in_o the_o upper_a alsace_n be_v one_o of_o the_o confederate_a city_n of_o switzerland_n keysersberg_n and_o turcheim_n be_v imperial_a city_n but_o of_o no_o great_a note_n the_o city_n and_o bishopric_n of_o strasburg_n argentina_n be_v a_o name_n of_o a_o monkish_a invention_n instead_o of_o argentoratum_n as_o well_o as_o moguntia_n for_o moguntiacum_n to_o omit_v other_o frivolous_a conjecture_n about_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n argentoratum_n and_o strasburg_n we_o shall_v satisfy_v ourselves_o with_o the_o fancy_n of_o the_o learned_a cluverius_n who_o think_v the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o famous_a city_n to_o have_v be_v argen_n straaten_v or_o bad-street_n which_o may_v easy_o by_o add_v a_o latin_a termination_n be_v turn_v into_o argentratum_n or_o argentoratum_n and_o afterward_o by_o omit_v the_o two_o first_o syllable_n and_o annex_v burg_n to_o denote_v some_o new_a build_v fort_n with_o as_o much_o ease_n turn_v to_o straetburg_n or_o straesburg_n this_o city_n though_o at_o first_o design_v only_o for_o a_o strong_a fortification_n be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o most_o populous_a and_o best_a trade_v town_n in_o germany_n the_o citizen_n be_v general_o courteous_a and_o rich_a most_o of_o their_o merchant_n and_o magistrate_n have_v house_n fit_a to_o entertain_v so_o many_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o cathedral_n be_v one_o of_o the_o wonder_n of_o germany_n describe_v at_o large_a by_o os_fw-la schadaeus_n in_o a_o particular_a tract_n upon_o this_o subject_n by_o he_o publish_v at_o strasburg_n a._n d._n 1617._o the_o tower_n of_o this_o church_n be_v the_o high_a in_o the_o german_a empire_n nay_o possible_o in_o europe_n or_o the_o whole_a world_n some_o have_v reckon_v it_o perpendicular_a from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o spire_n to_o the_o ground_n at_o 574_o other_o 575_o geometrical_a foot_n but_o schadaeus_n who_o seem_v most_o accurate_a in_o his_o computation_n say_v it_o be_v 489_o foot_n and_o 8_o inch_n yet_o much_o more_o famous_a be_v this_o cathedral_n for_o the_o great_a clock_n in_o it_o which_o by_o the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n and_o some_o other_o of_o our_o ingenious_a virtuoso_n have_v be_v mention_v as_o a_o instance_n of_o the_o late_a great_a improvement_n of_o art_n mechanical_a it_o be_v finish_v in_o the_o year_n 1574_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o magistracy_n of_o the_o town_n by_o one_o habrecht_n a_o famous_a artificer_n of_o who_o work_n they_o have_v many_o more_o piece_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n this_o workman_n have_v his_o instruction_n from_o d._n wolckenstein_n and_o conr._n dasypodius_n two_o learned_a mathematician_n the_o latter_a whereof_o have_v publish_v a_o tract_n about_o this_o clock_n the_o first_o thing_n present_v to_o your_o view_n be_v a_o celestial_a globe_n with_o all_o the_o motion_n of_o planet_n fix_a star_n etc._n etc._n behind_o which_o there_o be_v a_o perpetual_a almanac_n wherein_o the_o day_n of_o the_o month_n be_v point_v at_o by_o a_o statue_n stand_v by_o the_o hour_n be_v crow_v by_o a_o gild_a cock_n and_o afterward_o strike_v on_o a_o bell_n by_o a_o angel_n not_o far_o from_o which_o stand_v another_o angel_n with_o a_o hourglass_n in_o its_o hand_n which_o it_o turn_v round_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o clock_n have_v do_v strike_v the_o first_o
for_o some_o time_n inhabit_v that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o border_v on_o the_o euxin_n sea_n at_o last_o they_o pass_v through_o the_o hercynian_a wood_n into_o germany_n and_o give_v the_o name_n of_o sacasena_n afterward_o turn_v into_o saxonia_n to_o the_o country_n that_o here_o by_o their_o conquest_n they_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o strabo_n indeed_o say_v and_o we_o may_v believe_v he_o that_o the_o sacae_n do_v leave_v their_o ancient_a scythian_a seat_n and_o mr._n cambden_n observe_v well_o that_o ptolemy_n place_n his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d near_o that_o part_n of_o scythia_n whence_o these_o man_n be_v say_v to_o have_v sally_v out_o but_o that_o they_o ever_o pass_v the_o hercynean_a wood_n be_v one_o of_o goropius_n forgery_n and_o a_o story_n not_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o strabo_n or_o any_o other_o author_n of_o credit_n i_o wonder_v most_o that_o mr._n cambden_n who_o be_v so_o great_a a_o master_n of_o our_o old_a english-saxon_a tongue_n shall_v not_o discern_v the_o absurdity_n of_o this_o etymology_n for_o in_o that_o language_n saex_n in_o the_o singular_a number_n signify_v a_o saxon_a as_o well_o as_o sachs_n to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o high_a dutch_a dialect_n and_o seax_n seaxna_fw-la and_o seaxena_fw-la as_o also_o the_o modern_a dutch_a word_n sachsen_n and_o sassen_n be_v plural_n now_o if_o seax_n and_o seaxen_a be_v only_o break_v remnant_n of_o sacson_n and_o sacsone_n we_o shall_v in_o all_o probability_n meet_v with_o the_o entire_a word_n in_o some_o of_o our_o ancient_a saxon_a monument_n which_o can_v never_o yet_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o best_a of_o antiquary_n wherefore_o to_o omit_v other_o impertinence_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n be_v that_o the_o saxon_n have_v their_o name_n from_o a_o short_a kind_n of_o weapon_n call_v in_o their_o language_n seax_n different_a from_o what_o any_o other_o german_n wear_v and_o peculiar_a only_o to_o their_o own_o nation_n in_o confirmation_n of_o this_o conjecture_n some_o of_o our_o english_a historian_n give_v we_o a_o relation_n of_o a_o treacherous_a parley_n betwixt_o hengist_n the_o first_o saxon_n that_o land_v in_o britain_n and_o king_n vortigern_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o both_o party_n shall_v meet_v on_o salisbury-plain_a unarm_v but_o the_o saxon_n intend_v nothing_o but_o treachery_n carry_v private_o under_o their_o coat_n short_a dagger_n which_o upon_o the_o watchword_n nem_fw-la eowr_n seax_n or_o take_v your_o seax_n they_o immediate_o draw_v out_o these_o weapon_n and_o slay_v no_o less_o than_o three_o hundred_o of_o the_o british_a nobility_n the_o like_a story_n and_o as_o equal_o true_a some_o of_o the_o german_a writer_n relate_v of_o a_o treacherous_a massacre_n commit_v by_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n in_o thuringen_n pontanus_n urge_v the_o reasonableness_n of_o this_o etymology_n more_o home_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o saxony_n in_o its_o ancient_a arm_n bear_v two_o seax_n or_o hanger_n cross-way_n which_o say_v he_o be_v a_o undoubted_a proof_n of_o their_o first_o denomination_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o erkenwyn_n king_n of_o the_o east_n saxon_n give_v for_o his_o arm_n three_o short_a dagger_n argent_fw-fr in_o a_o field_n gules_a a_o since_o be_v still_o call_v saisen_v in_o the_o netherlands_o and_o scher-sax_n in_o the_o high_a dutch_a signify_v as_o much_o as_o ein_fw-mi messer_n damit_v man_n scheret_fw-la a_o razor_n wormius_n tell_v we_o that_o sages_n or_o saks_n in_o the_o runic_a dialect_n signify_v a_o sword_n or_o dagger_n who_o hilt_n and_o blade_n be_v almost_o of_o equal_a length_n nor_o be_v it_o at_o all_o extraordinary_a for_o people_n to_o take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o weapon_n use_v by_o they_o in_o battle_n thus_o most_o learned_a man_n agree_v that_o the_o scythian_n have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o teutonic_n word_n scytan_n to_o shoot_v because_o they_o be_v excellent_a bowman_n the_o picard_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v first_o call_v by_o that_o name_n from_o pike_n a_o sort_n of_o weapon_n they_o best_o understand_v we_o may_v therefore_o venture_v to_o conclude_v with_o the_o latin_a rythm_n of_o the_o learned_a engelhus_o quip_n brevis_fw-la gladius_fw-la apud_fw-la illos_fw-la saxa_n voco_fw-la ind_n sibi_fw-la saxo_n nomen_fw-la traxisse_fw-la putatur_fw-la from_o the_o account_n which_o be_v give_v we_o of_o this_o people_n by_o zosimus_n marcellinus_n diaconus_fw-la man_v man_v and_o other_o ancient_a writer_n we_o may_v learn_v that_o they_o be_v man_n of_o a_o vast_a bulk_n of_o body_n and_o proportionable_a strength_n the_o most_o renown_a warrior_n in_o germany_n and_o the_o most_o terrible_a enemy_n which_o the_o roman_n ever_o encounter_v mr._n cambden_n say_v they_o be_v such_o notorious_a pirate_n and_o most_o of_o they_o so_o accustom_a to_o live_v at_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v afraid_a to_o appear_v on_o dry_a land_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o relation_n which_o isidorus_n give_v of_o they_o gens_n saxonum_n say_v he_o myoparonibus_fw-la non_fw-la viribus_fw-la nituntur_fw-la fugae_fw-la potius_fw-la quam_fw-la bello_fw-la parati_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v that_o all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o britain_n and_o france_n as_o far_o as_o the_o border_n of_o spain_n the_o roman_n maintain_v continual_a stand_a regiment_n under_o the_o command_n of_o several_a general_n who_o from_o their_o commission_n and_o office_n which_o be_v to_o secure_v the_o inhabitant_n from_o the_o sudden_a and_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o the_o saxon_a pirate_n be_v style_v comites_fw-la litoris_fw-la saxonici_fw-la per_fw-la britanniam_fw-la &_o galliam_n sidonius_n in_o one_o of_o his_o epistle_n give_v this_o character_n of_o a_o saxon_a pirate_n that_o he_o be_v a_o enemy_n formidable_a beyond_o comparison_n one_o who_o frequent_a shipwreck_n recreate_v rather_o then_o terrify_v as_o be_v not_o only_o acquaint_v but_o grow_v familiar_a with_o the_o peril_n of_o the_o ocean_n etc._n etc._n their_o whole_a nation_n be_v govern_v by_o twelve_o of_o the_o chief_a noble_n in_o the_o land_n government_n government_n who_o be_v elect_v to_o that_o dignity_n by_o the_o commonalty_n in_o time_n of_o war_n they_o choose_v a_o king_n out_o of_o these_o twelve_o chief_a commander_n who_o execute_v regal_a authority_n over_o the_o rest_n as_o long_o as_o the_o war_n last_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o peace_n be_v conclude_v be_v degrade_v into_o his_o former_a quality_n this_o custom_n continue_v among_o they_o until_o the_o conclusion_n of_o their_o war_n with_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a at_o which_o time_n wittikind_n a_o nobleman_n of_o angria_n in_o westphalia_n and_o one_o of_o their_o twelve_o ruler_n have_v the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o a_o king_n confer_v on_o he_o but_o when_o he_o be_v afterward_o conquer_v and_o convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o that_o emperor_n this_o fade_a title_n be_v turn_v into_o the_o more_o durable_a one_o of_o duke_n and_o his_o eleven_o companion_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o honourable_a title_n and_o dignity_n of_o earl_n and_o lord_n from_o who_o the_o great_a prince_n at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n derive_v their_o pedigree_n some_o have_v imagine_v that_o from_o this_o duodecemviral_n government_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n our_o modern_a way_n of_o judicature_n by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o juryman_n have_v its_o first_o original_n whether_o this_o opinion_n be_v whole_o allowable_a i_o shall_v not_o stand_v to_o dispute_v have_v say_v something_o of_o this_o matter_n in_o the_o description_n of_o island_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o under_o the_o reign_v of_o some_o of_o our_o english-saxon_a king_n this_o way_n of_o proceed_v be_v practise_v in_o the_o decision_n of_o most_o cause_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a for_o proof_n hereof_o i_o shall_v only_o quote_v a_o old_a law_n make_v in_o king_n ethelred_n time_n wherein_o cap._n 3._o de_fw-la pignore_fw-la ablato_fw-la it_o be_v enact_v that_o tÆ¿elf_n lahmen_fw-ge scylon_fw-mi rehte_n taecean_n Æ¿ealan_n and_o aenglan_n syx_n england_n &_o syx_n Æ¿ylisce_n þlien_n call_v þae_n hy_z ago_o give_v hi_o Æ¿oh_o taecen_n oþþe_a geladian_n high_a ê§_n hi_o bet_n ne_o cuþon_n i._n e._n all_o controversy_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a shall_v be_v determine_v by_o twelve_o man_n skilled_a in_o the_o law_n six_o of_o each_o nation_n who_o if_o they_o pass_v sentence_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n shall_v forfeit_v their_o whole_a estate_n except_o they_o shall_v excuse_v themselves_o by_o acknowledge_v their_o error_n and_o bewail_v their_o want_n of_o judgement_n in_o the_o case_n propose_v which_o penalty_n be_v near_o akin_a to_o the_o attainder_n to_o which_o our_o modern_a jury_n be_v liable_a when_o they_o bring_v in_o a_o false_a and_o corrupt_a verdict_n though_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o of_o the_o heathenish_a god_n worship_v in_o all_o part_n of_o germany_n irmenseul_n irmenseul_n and_o among_o the_o