or Provinces within Land are so near and sometimes so engaged with those of the Coast that I will not change the order I have taken to consider this Kingdom in 5 principal parts in each part observing the Governments Provinces and Kingdoms therein Hunain Haresgol and Marsalquibir on the Coast Telensin Hanghad and Benirafi within Land shall compass the quarter of Telensin Tenes and Sarsell on the Coast and Meliana within Land shall be the quarter of Tenes Algier on the Coast and Cuco within Land that of Algier Bugia and Gilgili on the Coast Stefe Labes Necaus and Mesila withing Land that of Bugia Bona on the Coast Constantina and Thebesse within Land that of Constantine Province of Telensin The City of Telensin which those of the Country now call Tremecen and Tilmisan hath once been chief of a Kingdom of the same name of which the Provinces of Telensin Tenes Algier and Bugia were the parts The City is not above seven or eight Leagues distant from the Sea It hath been one of the greatest and fairest of all Barbary This may appear in that there remains but eight Mosques of consideration it having had 250 but four Bania's of 160 but two Inns for the Franks and four for the Moors of 34 but six Hospitals of thirty or forty It had 16000 Houses about the year 1000 20000 about the year 1200 25000 in the year 1550 and the Jews had ten great Synagogues The divers changes which it suffered and the rude treatment which they received from the Turks hath made many of its Inhabitants retire into Fez and some other where which hath reduced it low That which remains is magnificent its Houses better built its Streets more large and spacious its Gardens more embellished Its People more civil and its Merchants of better credit then those of Algier It hath a Cittadel built after the Modern Fortifications Humain 2. Humain which others call Humanbar and Vnhaim is the ancient Artifiga It s Port is not great but good its Land hath much Figs Oranges Citrons Pomgranates and Cotton of which the Inhabitants make divers Manufactures In 1535 this place was ruined by the Castilians and not restored till long after Haresgol 3. Haresgol is the ancient Siga a Roman Colony the residence of Syphax sometimes King of this Country before he seised the Estates of Massanassa Its scituation is on a Rock whose foot is washed by the Sea and hath no communication with the firm Land but on the South side This City hath been much greater then it is the takings and retakings which it suffered by the Kings of Fiz by the Califfs by the Moors by the Castilians and by the Arabs reduced to the estate it is at present under the Kings of Algier City of Oran who kept a Garrison in its Castle 4. Oran and Marsa-el-Quibir which belongs to the Marquisate of Oran are in the hands of the Catholick King Oran which the Africans call Tuharan the Arab of Nubia Vaharan is the Cuisa of the ancients and Marsa-el-Quibir there Portus Magnus since this name signifies the great Port. This was taken by the Marquess of Comares in the year 1505 the other by the Cardinal Ximenes in the year 1509. At the taking of this last the Castilians lost only 30 men killed 4000 Moors and delivered 20000 Christian Captives This City of Oran before it was taken had above 6000 Houses abundance of Temples Hospitals Canes Bania's c. and had sometimes been the residence of the Catholick Kings The Venetians Genouese Catalonians c. having here so great a Trade that its riches and power inclined its Inhabitants to deny Tribute to the Kings of Telensin and to make some incursions on the Coast of Spain which was the cause of their loss At present it is a Suffragan Bishoprick to the Archbishoprick of Toledo it hath some Convents and Hospitals among others one very rich It is strongly seated on the Mediterranean Shore powerfull at Sea in their Gallies and is a place of some Trade affording most of the Commodities the Country produceth Marsalquibir 5. Masalquibir hath one of the fairest greatest and most secure Ports that is in all Africa The Government or Marquisate of Oran comprehends likewise some Castles and Mountains where there are good Garrisons which keep the Neighborhood in jealousie Mazagran with its Castle on the Coast is in the hands of the Moors Province of Anghad The Quarter of ANGHAD or RANGVAD though for the most part desart yet hath some fertile places where are the Cities Gâ—â—gida and others Guagida hath yet about 3000 Families its Land fruitful in Grains and watred with many Rivers The Desart is possessed by the Arabs and amongst them many Lions Wild-Boars Stags and above all Ostriches in hunting of which the Arabs often exercise themselves making profit of their Feathers eating their Flesh and currying their Skins to carry their Baggage in They keep the heart to make use of in Charms or Witcherasts the Fat to mix in their Medicaments and the Nails or the Horn to make Pendants for the Ears to deck themselves with when they utter the other parts Province of Benirasid BENI-RASID or BENIRAXID hath some Plains towards the North many Mountains toward the South is fruitful almost every where and hath three or four places of some consideration in these Mountains 1. Beni-Arax of Old Bunebora is not walled it contains more then 2000 Inhabitants 2. Calaa or Calat-Haoara of Old Vrbara between two Mountains is strong 3. Moascar of Old Victoria hath a Castle where the Governor of the Countrey resides 4. Batha of Old Vaga on the River Mina having been ruined by the Inhabitants of the Mountain of Guanseris some Morabut out of their opinion of his sanctity restored it in Anno 1520. And 5. Medua Province of Tenes its chief places fertility and people The Province of TENES is between that of Telensin and Algier to whose Kings it hath been subject sometimes to one and sometimes to others and sometimes it self hath born the Title of a Kingdom It s principal places on the Sea are Tenesa and Sargel within Land Meliana 1. Tenesa part on the side of a Hill and part on a Plain descending to the Sea hath a Castle and a Palace formerly the abode of its Kings or Lords now of its Governours Its Inhabitants are addicted to Traffick The Country both in the Mountains and Plains yields them Grains Fruits Hides Wax Hony and some other Commodities 2. Brischa and 3. Sersela East of Tennesa and between Tennes and Algier have many Roman Antiquities The first is the ancient Icosima the other is Rusubricari This hath suffered divers Ruins the Moors driven from Granada rebuilt it and enriched it with their Piracies with their Silks and Fruits The Inhabitants both of the one and the other are for the most part Weavers 4. Meliane or Malliana is on a Mountain where yet the most part of the
These are the three sorts of Properties to be declared in Special Geography although those Terrestrial properties which make up the third rank are not so rightly referr'd to Geography But we must yield somewhat to Custom and the Profit of Learners We will besides these joyn many Chapters to Particular Geography concerning the practice of Geography But in General Geography which we will unfold in this Book first the absolute properties of the Earth and its constitution are considered Lastly in the Comparative part those things shall be proposed which are offered unto us in the comparing one place with another The Principles of Geography The Principles which Geography useth for the confirming the truth of her Propositions are threefold 1. Geometrical Arithmetical and Trigonometrical Propositions 2. Astronomical Precepts and Theorems although it may seem like a miracle for the knowledge of the Earth in which we dwell to use the Celestial Bodies which are so many thousand miles remote from us 3. Experience for indeed the greatest part of Geography especially that which is Particular is upheld by the only Experience and Observation of men who have described every Country The Order of Geography Concerning the Order which I esteem sitting to observe in this Art of Geography it hath been already spoken in the Division and Explication of the properties thereof yet here meets us a certain difficulty concerning the Order to be observed in the explication of these Properties Forsooth whether to all Countries their own Properties are to be attributed or whether the Countries themselves are to be ascribed to the Properties generally explicated Aristotle in the first Book of the History of Living Creatures as also in his first Book of the Parts of Living Creatures moveth the like doubt and disputes it at large whether according to the single â—orts of Living Creatures their Properties are singly to be reckoned up or else whether these Properties are generally to be declared and the Living Creatures in which the may be found are then to be subjoyned The like difficulty occurs also in other parts of Philosophy We in General Geography have generally unfolded some Properties which in Special Geography we will apply to the application of single Countries The Method of Geography As touching the method and manner of proving the truth of Geographical Tenents very many are proved in general Geography by Demonstrations properly so called especially Celestial Properties but in special Geography the Celestial Properties only excepted which may be demonstrated are in a manner declared without demonstration because experience and observation doth confirm them neither can they be proved by any other means Also very many Propositions are proved or rather demonstrated by the Terrestrial Artificial Globe and also by Geographical Maps and some of these Propositions which are thus explained upon the Globe c. may be confirmed by lawful demonstrations Again some Propositions can in no wise be so proved but are therefore received because we suppose that all places in the Globe and Maps are so disposed even as they lie on the Earth Yet in these things we will rather follow the Descriptions made by Authors of Geography The Globe and Maps serve for the clearing and more easie comprehension thereof The Original of Geography The Original of Geography is not New nor brought into the World at one birth neither came she to us from one Man but her Principles and Foundations were laid long ago yea many Ages since although ancient Geographers were employed only in describing Countries which is the part of Chorography and Topography The Romans were accustomed when any Country by them was subdued to shew in their Triumph the Chorography thereof lively pencilled and drawn on a Table and flourished with Pictures to the Beholders There were besides at Rome in Lucullus his Porch many Tables of Geography exposed to the view of all men The Senate of Rome about an hundred years before Christs Birth sent Surveyors and Geographers into divers parts of the World that they might measure out the Earth but they came far short thereof Neco King of the Egyptians many Ages before the Birth of Christ commanded that the whole outer-side of Africa should be discovered by the Phoenicians in three years space King Darius commanded that the Mouths of the River Indus and the Ethiopian Eastern-Sea should be searched out Alexander the Great in his Voyage to Asia took with him Diognetus and Beton as Pliny noteth two Surveyors and Describers of his Journies out of whose Annotations and Journals Geographers of succeeding Ages took many things Ancient Geography very imperfect But the Geography of the Ancients was very lame and imperfect for first they knew not America in the least 2. The Northern-Lands 3. The South-land and Magellan were utterly unknown to them 4. They knew not whether the Earth might be sailed about or the Main Ocean with a continual trace did encompass it but yet I deny not but that some of the Ancients were of that opinion yet I utterly deny they knew it certainly 5. They knew not whether the Torrid Zone were habitable 6. They were ignorant of the true dimensions of the Earth although they wrote many things in this business The Excellency of Geography First the study of Geography is commended to us by the great worthiness thereof because it most of all becometh Man being an Inhabitant of the Earth and endued with Reason above all Living Creatures Secondly It is also a pleasant thing and indeed an honest recreation to contemplate the Kingdoms and Properties of the Earth Thirdly The commodity and necessity of it is notable insomuch as neither Divines Physitians Lawyers Historians nor other Professors can want the knowledge thereof But the Excellency of Geography hath been sufficiently handled I place hereunder a Table which openeth the order in Special Geography to the observing the Explication of single Countries Special Geography considereth in every Region Ten Terrestrial 1. Limits and circumscription 2. Longitude of place and scituation 3. Figure 4. Magnitude 5. Mountains The Appellation Scituation and Altitude Their properties and things contained in them 6. Mines 7. Woods and Deserts 8. Waters The Sea Lakes Marshes Rivers Their Springs Inlets Tracts and Latitude The quantity of Water the celerity the quantity the Cataracts 9. Fertility Sterility and Fruits 10. The Animals Eight Celestial 1. The distance of place from the Aequator and Pole 2. The obliquity of Motion above the Horizon 3. The Quantity of Dayes 4. The Clime and Zone 5. The Heat the Seasons of the Year the Winds Rain and other Meteors 6. The rising and stay of the Stars above the Horizon 7. The Stars passing through the Vertex of the place 8. The celerity or quantity of their Motion according to the Hypothesis of Copernicus Ten Human Things 1. The Stature Life Meat and Drink and the Original of the Inhabitants 2. The Income Arts Merchandize or Traffick 3. Vertues and Vices the Genius and Erudition 4.
serious to their King are very obedient true and loving in Adversity patient they are much addicted to Women are great braggers and exceeding proud though scarce Masters of a single Ryal In matters of Religion they are Roman Catholicks in which they are very devout not admitting the publick exercise of any other Religion throughout the Kingdom Spain is divided into fourteen Kingdoms or Principalities which are set down in the Geographical Table of the said Kingdom and to these fourteen Principalities we may add the Isles of Baleares seated in the Mediterranean Sea which comprehendeth Majorca Minorca and Yvisa and all these Kingdoms have formerly been reduced into three Estates which they call Castile Arragon and Portugal But to proceed to its several parts Kingdom of Leon. LEON called by some the Kingdom of Leon and Oviedo hath for its chief places 1. Leon by some called Legio as supposed that the eleventh Legion quartered here which was called Legio Germanica 2. Avilez seated on the Sea-shoar 3. Salamanca of note for having the most famous Academy or all Spain 4. Astorga and 5. Placentia Kingdom of Castile CASTILE severed into the Old and the New or first and last gained or conquered from the Moors The Old Castile is seated Northwards of the New and hath for its chief places 1. Burgos famous as contending with Toledo for the primacy of all Spain 2. Validolid a neat and fair City and a University honoured with the Birth-place of King Philip the Second who erected a Colledge for the English Papistical Fugitives 3. Numatia famous for defending it self against the Romans for fourteen years and at last left Scipio nothing else but a pile of Ashes for his Triumph and 4. Segovia a place of note for Clothing here made The New Castile boasts of Madrid for its chief place though but a Village but is the greatest in all the World and may compare with many Cities in Europe and its Territory although neither pleasant nor abundant yet is made both by the residence of the Kings of Spain 2. Yoledo seated on the Tagus and almost in the heart of all Spain a fair City beautified with stately Edifices its Walls are strong whereon are placed about fifty Towrs of Stone It is honoured with a University famous for the study of the Civil and Canon Laws 3. Alcantara of note for its Order of Knights so called 4. Alcala de Henares dignified with an University And 5. Cuenca seated at the Spring-head of the Xucar nigh to which is the stately Palace of the Escurial or St. Lawrence built by King Philip the Second a place of such magnificence that neither times past came near it nor present doth equal it In this large and stately structure are Eleven several Quadrangles every one incloistred all expressing a Peruvian Treasure to have been spent in the building them and is of such beauty and magnificence that a voyage to Spain were not lost to see it Kingdom of Navar. NAVAR for Antiquity may claim the second place of all the fourteen Kingdom It hath for its Eastern bounds the Pyrenean Mountains It s chief places are 1. Pamplona a place more famous for her Fortification than her Negotiation 2. Viana once the Title of the Prince of Navar near which Caesar Borgio was slain by an Ambush 3. Estella 4. Tudela 5. Olite and 6. Sanguessa all good Cities This Country was one of the first that with success opposed the Moors Seigniory of Biscay BISCAY by reason of its Mountainous and Woody scituation is the only Countrey of all Spain that remained unconquered by the Moors and for its many Iron-Mines is called the Armory of Spain The chief places are 1. Bilboa a Town of grat Trade Riches and much frequented by Merchants seated two miles distant from the Ocean and aboundeth in Wines Cattle and the best Blades known by the name of Bilboa-Blades 2. St. Sebastian another noted Town for Traffick 3. Andero all Sea-port Towns 4. Victoria and is Tolosetta Cities of some account Kingdom of Asturie ASTVRIE or Oviedo hath for its chief place Oviedo which gave name to the Territory which conjoyns with that of Leon. Kingdom of Gallicia GALLICIA a Mountainous Countrey like Asturie hath for its chief places 1. St. Jago de Compostella or St. Jago in honour of St. James who here lieth interr'd it is honoured with the See of an Archbishoprick and an Vniversity and in one of the Churches are kept the Relicks of St. James which are much reverenced 2. Bajona seated at the Mouth of the River Minius 3. Coronna not far from the Promontory of Nerius 4. Mondonnedo 5. Luge and 6. Tuy seated on the River Minho The Kingdom of PORTVGAL This Kingdom of Portugal as united with that of Algarve and divided from the Dominions of Castile contains the Kingdoms of Portugal and Algarve It enjoyeth a sweet and healthful Air for most part is hilly and not very grateful to the Husbandman but that defect is recompenced by their abundance of Wine Oil Fruits Hony Fish White Marble Salt Its Commodities Allom c. which are the product of the Country This Kingdom is about 320 Miles in length and about 120 in breadth Extent Number of Parishes in which compass are said to be about 1460 Parishes and many Nunneries and Religious Houses Its Fruits are excellent by reason of which here are abundance of Confectioners It is well watered with Rivers having near 200 great and small the chief of which is the Tagus The People are esteemed more honest plain It s People and of a simpler behaviour than the rest of Spain and more devout in matters of Religion The chief Places in thir Kingdom are 1. Lisbona said to be built by Vlysses in his ten years Travels seated on the Tagus convenient for Navigation and of a great resort and trade it is in compass about seven miles in which may be numbred about twenty thousand well built Houses and hath thirty and odd Parish Churches and on its Walls are about sixty Turrets and Towers which renders a pleasing shew to the Beholders towards the Continent it is seated on five small Hills betwixt which is a Valley which runs down to the River Duero whose entrance is defended by a Castle and this City being the Metropolis of the Kingdom is the residence of the Kings of Portugal and the See of an Archbishop 2. Braga once the chief of the Kingdom now dignified with the See of an Archbishop 3. Miranda seated on the Duero an Episcopal See 4. Santaren seated on the Tagus 5. Sintra upon the main Atlantick at the end of high Mountains which for the pleasure of the Woods here adjacent as also for the refreshings which come from the Sea is the usual retirement of the Kings of Portugal in the heat of Summer 6. Coimbra seated on the River Mondego of a pleasant scituation being amongst Vineyards and Woods of Olives dignified with an Episcopal
part where are The Dutchies of And the Charollois in part Charolles Brabant Leuvain Brusselles Limbourg Limbourg Luxembourg Luxembourg Thionville Guelderland in part Ruremonde The Counties of Flanders Gand or Gaunt Lille Artois Arras St. Omer Hainault Mons Valenciennes Namur Namur The Marquisate of the Empire where is Anvers or Antwerp The Signieury of Malines Malines And near the LOW COUNTRY The Archbishoprick and Signieury of Cambray Cambray The County of Linghen Lighen To the R t Hon John Egerton Earle of Bridgewater Visc Berckley Bar t of Elsmere L d Leiutenant Buckingham Shire one of L d of his Matys most Hon. Privi Councell c. This Mapp is Humbly Dedicated by R B A GENERALL MAPP OF THE EMPIRE OF GERMANY with its severall Estates Designed by Monsieur Sanson Geographer to the French King c. GERMANY AND BELGIUM Or THE Low Countries Its Bounds Latitude and Longitude GERMANY is in the midst of those three parts which we have placed in the middle of Europe and extends it self from 45 ½ unto 54 ½ degrees of Latitude and from the 28th unto the 41 of Longitude This position shews that it lies in the middle of the Temperate Zone This Germany may be considered in three great parts of which each may be subdivided into three others We will call the great parts Germany about the Rhine Germany about the Danube and Germany about the Elbe and the Oder all which with its lesser parts are taken notice of in the Geographical Tables of Germany according to which method we will proceed and then the first will be the Franche County or BVRGVNDY which is bounded with Bress Switzerland Lorraine and Champaine It s ancient Inhabitants were the Hedui who first called Julius Caesar into France and its People are at present esteemed warlike marching under the Colours of divers Princes and are known by the name of Walloons It is a Country so fertil that it hath been called the Flower of France within whose bounds some do esteem it It hath for its chief places 1. Besanson the Metropolis of Burgundy seated on the banks of the Doux a City of good strength and beauty and made an Vniversity by the commands of Charles the Fifth and Pope Julio the Third 2. Dole in the Balliage of Dole a Town of great strength riches and beauty famous for its Colledge of Jesuites 3. Gray in the Balliage of Amont and 4. Salius in the Balliage of Aval of some account for its rich Salt Fountain Besides these places in Burgundy are numbred 20 walled Towns and about 160 Lordships Province of Lorrain LORRAINE bordering on Burgundy famous for having had for its Duke Godfrey Sirnamed Bulloigne the Recoverer of the Holy Land from the Turks its Dukes now enjoy little else save the Title the Country being seized by the French It is of a fertil Soil affording plenty of Corn and Wine and hath store of Salt It s chief places are 1. Nancy in the Balliage of Francois once dignified with the Seat of the Duke 2. Vandrevange 3. Mirecourt 4. Vancoleur the Birth-place of Joan de Pucelle 5. Pont-a-Mason so named by reason of its Bridge over the Mosa 6. Metz and 7. Toul Country of Barrois Between this Province and Champaine lieth the Country of BARROIS and belongeth to Lorrain whence the eldest Sons of these Dukes were styled Princes of Barri It s chief places are Bar-le-Duc and St. Michael The several parts of the Catholick Low Countries The Catholick LOW COVNTRIES may be contained under the Dukedoms of Brabant Limbourg and Luxembourg the Earldoms of Flanders Artois Haynaut and Namur the Marquisate of the Empire the Signiory of Malines c. The whole Country is exceeding fertil yet found not very advantagious to the Spaniards who are Masters of it Dukedom of Brabant BRABANT for the most part of an ungrateful Soil yet well inhabited and stored with walled Towns and Villages the chief amongst which are 1. Lovaine a fair and large City being about four miles in circuit within its Walls and six without wherein are many delightful Gardens and Meadows and is of note for its Vniversity where there is a Seminary for English Jesuits 2. Brussels a City for its fairness and elegancy of its Buildings its extent being as large as Lovaine giveth place to few in the Netherlands It is at present the residence of the Spanish Governour for the Low Countries and 3. Breda once the Seat of the Prince of Orange till taken by the Spaniards City of Antwerp To the Dukedom of Brabant doth belong the Marquisate of the EMPIRE whose chief place is Anvers or Antwerp seated on the Schelde out of which it hath eight Channels cut the biggest of which are capable to receive about 100 great Ships which doth much facilitate its Trade it is a fair and large City being about seven or eight miles in circuit within its Walls which are strong high and broad enough for Coaches to pass on which the Nobility and Gentry commonly use to recreate themselves In this City are abundance of Painters and Gravers whose work is well received abroad To this Dukedom doth also belong the Signiory of Malines whose chief place bears the same name likewise the Archbishoprick and Imperial City of Cambria of good account and the Bishoprick and Imperial City of Liege seated on the Meuse a Town of good beauty being so filled with fair Abbies and Monasteries that it is called the Paradice of the Priests Dutchy of Limbourg LIMBOVRG hath many good Towns the chief of which are 1. Limbourg seated on the Banks of the Weser and giveth name to the Dutchy 2. Mastrich a place of great strength being held almost impregnable yet was gained lately by the French but through the assistance of the English under the command of his Grace James Duke of Monmouth 3. Dalen fortified with a Castle c. Dukedom of Luxembourg LVXEMBOVRG Northwards of Lorrain said to contain about 1000 Villages and 23 walled Towns the chief of which are 1. Luxembourg seated on the Elze 2. Thionville which with the other places suffered much in the time of the Wars betwixt France and Spain Forrest of Ardenna The Spaw In this Province is the famous Forrest of Ardenna once about 500 miles in compass now scarce 90 and in it or on its edges is the no less famous Waters of the Spaw so much frequented by the Europeans in and about the Month of July being found exceeding good for several Diseases in the body Man FLANDERS Earldom of Flanders described FLANDERS should be the most famous of all these Countries since it communicates its name to them all it is divided into Tutone Wallone and Imperiale The chief Cities and places in this Earldom are 1. Ghent whose Walls are seven miles in compass and was once of great beauty but now through the Seditiousness of its Inhabitants it is much ruinated a good part of it being
together extend from about the 48th degree of Latitude unto the 57th which are about 225 French Leagues and from the 38th of Longitude unto the 61 and have near as much Continent again as France They are bounded on the East for the most part by Moscovy Bounds and part of the Petit Tartars on the South the Mountains oâ— Caprack and the River Neister divide them from Hungaria Transilvania and Moldavia on the West by Germany and toucht in part on the Balticâ— Sea and on the North they are bounded part by Livonia and Moscovy Ancient Inhabitants The Ancient name of Poland was Sauromatia from its Inhabitants the Sauromatae afterwards by Lechius the first Duke hereof in Anno 550 it was called Poland which signifies a plain Country as generally it is It was made a Kingdom by the Emperour Otho the Third Anno 1000 Boleslaus being Duke and hath ever had its Dukes and Kings elected by the States who by reason of their vicinity to the Turks generally chuse a Warriour Fertility Commodities c. The Country is plain well clothed with Firs and other Timber-Trees the Air is so cold that they have neither Wine nor Grapes instead of which having store of Barly they make use of the Old drink of England viz. Ale The Country is well furnished with Grains and Fruits but they are but lean their chief Commodities are rich Furs Horses Hony Wax Bow-staves Buff-hides Ambergreese Flax Linnen-cloth Masts Cordage Boards Wainscot Timber Rozin Tar and Pith of both kinds Match Iron Stock-fish Salt digged out of the Earth Pot-ashes Rye in great plenty for which it hath made Dantzick famous It is well furnished with Flesh Fowl and Fish and to waâ—ds the Carpatian Mountains of Hungaria are found Mines of Gold and Silver as also Iron and Brimstone To the R t Worship Full Sr Robert Clayton of the Citty of London Kt and Alderman and Lord Mayr thee of Anno 1680 This Mapp is D D by R B P of the ESTATES of the CROWNE of POLAND where are the KINGDOM of POLAND withits Palatinates the DUTCHES of RUSSIA-NOIRE CUJAVIA MOZOVIA PRUSSIA â—IA VOLHYNIA PODOLIA c Designed by Monsieur Sanson Geographer to the French King The Revenue of the King The Revenue of the King is not great for so large a Country and that which is he receiveth from them quarterly the Kingdom being divided into four Parts every one of which keepeth the King and Court a quarter which Revenue is not certain but more or less according to his occasions by War Marriage of his Daughters or the like Poland with its parts and chief places The Kingdom is divided throughout into Palatinates and Castlewicks Poland taken particularly is divided into the Higher and Lower in the Higher are the Palatinates of Cracou Sandomirz and Lublin Places of most note in these parts are 1. Cracou or Cracovia seated in a Plain and on the Banks of the Vistula dignified with the residence of the King It is in form round the Houses fair and lofty and built of Freestone in the midst of the City is a large Quadrangle Market-house where is seated the Cathedral Church and the Senate-house for the Citizens about which are several Shops for Merchants The City is encompassed with two strong Stone Walls and a dry Ditch on the East-side of the City is the Kings Castle being fair well built and pleasantly seated on a Hill as also the Kings and Queens Lodgings on the West is a Chappel where the Kings are interr'd and on the North-side Lodgings for Entertainment and Feasting the South-side being without Buildings but as to matters of Trade this City is of small account Also Sandomirz and Lublin both chief Cities of their Palatinates are in the higher Polonia or Poland Lower Poland In the Lower Poland are the Palatinates of Posna Kalisch Sirad Lencinâ— Dobrzin Ploczk and Rava whose chief Cities or places bear the same name and are the residence of their Palatines Besides which there are several other Towns of good note which are taken notice of in the Geographical Table of the Kingdom and in chief Posna and Gnesna dignified with the See of an Archbishop who during the Interregnum of the King holdeth the Supream Authority in the Kingdom and summoneth the Diets To Poland doth also belong the Dutchies of Russia Noire Cujavia Mazovia Prussia and Polaquie Russia Noire RVSSIA NOIRE hath for its chief places Loewenberg and Belz both chief of their Palatinates OVJAVIA hath for its principal places Brzesti and Vladislau Cujavia both chief of their Castelwicks Mazovia with its places MAZOVIA hath only one Palatinate viz. Czersk under which is comprised several Cities and Castlewicks the chief of which is Warzaw one of the fairest in the Kingdom it oft-times being the residence of the Kings of Poland a place noted for its excellent Metheglin here made PRVSSIA is considered in two parts Prussia which are called Royale and Ducale Prussia Royale is immediately subject to the Crown of Poland and hath its Palatinates in the Cities of 1. Dantzick seated on the Vistula at its influx into the Baltick Sea and at the foot of a great Mountain which hangs over it it is the fairest best and of the greatest Trade of any in Prussia Through this City runs a River very commodious to the Inhabitants whereon are many Mills for the grinding of Corn which is here found in great plenty as also a Water-Mill for the conveyance of water in Pipes to their Houses and by reason of its great Trade for Corn with England and other parts they have a great many Granaries or Store-houses for the same which is hither brought them from Poland 2. Elbin though but small yet a fair City and indifferently well frequented by the English Merchants 3. Marienburg the Seat of the Masters of the Dutch Knights 4. Culne and 5. Thorn which though it hath no Palatinate is esteemed by many next to Dantzick Prussia Ducale belongs to the Marquess of Brandenbourg who holds it from the Crown of Poland It hath only one Palatinate at Koningsberg seated on an Inlet of the Baltick Sea and washed with the River Pegel it is a fair City a famous Mart and a good University and before its Coast is gathered great quantity of Ambergriece This Ambergriece is the juyce of a Stone growing like Coral on a Rock in the North-Sea continually covered with Water and in the Months of September and December by the violence of the Sea is rent from the Rocks and cast into the Havens of the Neighbouring Countries POLAQVIE is a small Province between the Estates of Poland and Lithuania Polaquie and seems to have belonged to Mozavia Bielsk is the Seat of its Palatinate And hitherto we have treated of the Estates of Poland almost all on the Vistula or the Rivers that fall into it on which are seated the three fairest Cities of these Quarters viz. Cracow towards its Spring
Bogs which oft-times prove dangerous especially to New-comers and occasion Rheums and Fluxes for the cure of which they drink a sort of hot Water called Vskebah It s Air and Temperature It is blest with a mild and healthful Air its Summer being not so hot nor its Winter so cold as in England but more inclined to soggy Mists and Rains which makes it more unfit for Tillage than Pasturage the Clime being not very favourable for ripening of Corn or Fruits but beareth such great abundance of long and sweet Grass that the Cattle which are the Inhabitants chiefest wealth are soon fat and fit for slaughter therewith And it is further observed That the Air is so pure that it neither breedeth nor suffereth any venemous Beast Serpent or Insect being brought out of other Countries long to retain their life Its Names Many have been the Names according to Tradition that this Island hath been known by Orphaeus Aristotle and Claudian named it Jerna Juvenal and Mela Iverna or Hibernia Diodorus Siculus Iris Eustachius Oyernia and Bernia the Britains Yuerdon the Natives Eryn and the English Ireland Why so called Some there be that will have it called Hibernia from Hyberno tempore that is from its Winter season others from Hiberus a Spaniard and others from the ancient River Iberus whilst some strive to have it so called from the Irish word Hiere which signifieth West or Western Coast whence Eryn may seem to fetch its derivation Festus Avienus calleth this Island Sacram Insulam the Holy Island for that the People are soon drawn thereunto witness the many Saints that it hath produced Ireland long ago inhabited If you will take for truth what the Irish Historians report this Island hath been exceeding long inhabited for according to Cambden 't is said that it was possessed by Caesarea Niece to Noah before the Floud that Bartholanus a Scythian arrived here near 300 years before the Deluge that many years after Nemethus with his four Sons arrived here but was soon forced hence by the Giant-like sort of People of the Nimrods Race here inhabiting that after this the Five Grecians seized this Island and that soon after being about the time of the Israelites departure out of Aegypt Gaothel with his Wife Scota Daughter to Pharaoh King of Aegypt landed here and called the Island Scotia from his Wifes name And further the British History saith that some Ages after Hiberius Hermion Euer and Erimon Sons of Milesius King of Spain by permission of Gurguntius the British King here planted Colonies after that the Country had been wasted by a Pestilence and from the eldest Son was called Hibernia Nor is it much to be doubted but that the Britains setled themselves here seeing there is so great affinity betwixt them and the Irish in their natures dispositions and speech It s Extent Scituation This Island contains in length about 240 miles and in breadth about 120 't is scituate under the 10th and 12th Climates the longest day making about 16 hours It is a near Neighbour to Scotland from which it is separated by an Isthmus of about seven miles but England far more remote being from Dublin its Metropolitan City to Holy-land in the Isle of Anglesey the usual place for taking of Landing about 50. It s strength It is an Island of great strength as well by Nature as Art by reason of its scituation in such Tempestuous and dangerous Seas and the several Fortifications and Castles that the English have built since they became Masters thereof It s chief Rivers It is a Country well watered having several great Rivers the chief amongst which are those of Shannon being about 60 miles navigable and after its course of about 200 miles looseth it self into the Western Ocean Liff Showre Awidaff Slanie Sione c. And besides these Rivers there are several Lakes or Loughs amongst which that of most note is Lough-Erne about 30 miles in length and 15 in breadth in which are several small Isles Its Commodities The Commodities that this Island affordeth are great abundance of Cattle Hides Tallow Cheese Wool of which they make course-Cloth Freezes Rugs Mantles c. also Furs Pipe-staves Salt Hemp Linnen-Cloth Hony and Wax and its Seas likewise afford great plenty of Cod-fish Herrings Pilchards Oysters c. Its Inhabitants It s Native Inhabitants were extreamly rude and barbarous they made use of Women in common without any difference of other mens Wives they were very bold couragious and greedy of honour constant in love impatient of Injuries of an easie belief much addicted to phantastical conceits as holding it ominous to give their Neighbours Fire on a May-day with many the like Fooleries they are much inclined to superstitious Idolatry as worshipping the Moon after her change about their Childrens Necks they hung the beginning of St. Johns Gospel a piece of Wolves-skin or a crooked Nail of a Horse-shoe which they thought preserved them from danger the Hoofs of dead Horses they held Sacred with many such like ridiculous Fancies They accounted Ease and Idleness their greatest Liberty and Riches not coveting Worldly possessions contenting themselves with mean Cottages Hovels or Cabins nor were they profuse in their Apparel or Diet being well satisfied if they had wherewith to keep them warm and to fill their Bellies their chief food being Herbs Roots Butter Milk Oatmeal and the like For their dying they hired Women to Mourn who expostulated why they would die telling them that they had such and such things and the Corps were accompanied to the Grave with howlings clapping of hands and such like sorrowful actions But many of these ridiculous and absurd Customs since the English are setled amongst them are forgotten The Christian Faith was here first planted by St. Patrick The Christian Falth first planted by St. Patrick this Patrick according to Writers was the Son of Calphurus by St. Martins Sister and born at Glasco in Scotland who in his Youth was taken Captive by the Irish Pirates and sold for six years as a Slave in the meanest condition to Macbuain yet in this dejected condition he much desired the Conversion of this Nation from their extream Idolatrous ways to the true serving of the living God insomuch that he dreamed that the unborn Babes cried unto him for Baptisin and being at length redeemed from his bondage by a piece of Gold which he found in the Field that was rooted up by some Swine he lest the Isle but still having his thoughts on these People in his Aged years he again returned and in better state than before preached the Gospel converted the People became Bishop of Armagh and when dead was received or canonized as their Saint The English become Masters of Ireland These Irish having civil dissentions amongst them prompted the English in the Reign of K. Henry the Second to attempt the Conquest of this Kingdom who in Anno Dom. 1172.
a great part of the Country as well as the others who are the natural and most anâ—â—ent Inhabitants for the Turcomans are esteemed to descend from Turquestan in Tartary from whence come the Turks and to whom they are most resertbling the Curdes descend from the ancient people of Assyria Mesopotamiâ— Chaldea or Babylonia the most Easternly of these three parts being yet called by the Turks and by the Persians Curdistan or the Country of the Curdes and the Georgians descend from Georgia which is above and contiguous to our Turcomania Of these four sorts of People the Armenians are the most indurstrious and civil addicting themselves to Merchandize as appears by their Manufactures especially in their rich Tapestries Grograins watered Chamlets c. with which they drive a trade being also proper Personages and good Archers The Turcomans apply themselves to the Field and to look after their Flocks the Curdes are almost ever on Horse-back having much of the Arabick Nature the Georgians are the most docil and the most peaceable The Tarcomans and the Curdes are Mahometans the Georgians and Armenians the greatest part Christians And the Armenian Tongue is one of the most general in all Asia extending it self likewise other where and having Armenian Patriarchs and Bishops not only in Armenia but likewise in Anatolia Persieâ— the Holy Land Aegypt Russia and Polonia Amongst the Ceremonies observed by the Armenians I shall take notice of some few as I find them in the Travels of Tavernier They are very costly in adorning their Churches especially the Choir and the Altar at the ceremony of the Mass they light abundance of Tapers and after the Gospel is read several of the Noviciates some having Bells fixed to long Sticks and others having Copper-plates hung about with Bells shaking and striking them one against another together with the Ecclesiasticks and Laity who sing and make an indifferent harmony during which the Archbishop and Bishops performs several Ceremonies and says certain Prayers which being done having the Chalice in his hand and the Bread upon it he turns towards the People who immediately prostrate themselves on the ground beating their Breasts and kissing the Earth whilst the Archbishop pronounceth these words This is the Lord who gave his Body and Blood for you then he turns towards the Altar and eats the Bread dipt in Wine for they never drink the Wine then he turns again to the People with the Chalice in his hand and they that will receive taking the Bread from the Archbishop and this Bread is consecrated the day before That which is observable amongst them they give the Communion to Children of 2 or 3 Months old and they never administer the Sacrament all the time of their Lent They have four Feasts in the year besides their Lent at which times they observe the same Ceremonies as at Lent eating no Flesh Fish Butter Eggs or Oib for 8 days the Feasts are Christmas the Ascension the Annunciation and St Georges When a man designs his Son for the Priesthood he brings him to the Priest who puts the Cope about his Shoulders open on both sides after which he takes him home and keeps him till the age of saying Mass which is 18 years then he goes into the Church out of which he is not allowed to depart for a year during which time he is employed in the service of the Church And the Priest that is married after he hath said Mass must be 5 days before he returns home to eat drink or lie with his Wife They generally Baptize their Children on Sundays which is performed by putting it naked into the Water then gives it to the Godfather anoints it in several places in form of the Cross with holy Oil and pronounceth these words I baptize thee in the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost and sayeth several Prayers suitable to the occasion In their Marriages the Ceremonies are too many here to repeat See Tavernier fol. 173. I shall take notice of some few They are permitted to marry at 3 or 4 years of age the agreement is made betwixt the Mothers or for want of them by the Females next of kin which agreement the Father stands unto and after a Ring is presented to the intended Bride the Contract stands The Bridegroom and Bride never seeth one another till after the Nuptial Ceremonies are ended both riding to the Church with their faces Vailed the Bridegrooms is a Carnation Tiffany or else Gold and Silver Net-work and the Bride with a large white Veil which covereth her body thus Riding they are attended by their Relations and Friends with Tapers in their hands also the Drums Trumpets and other Musical Instruments wait on them to the Church-door being entred and advanced near the Altar they lean Forehead to Forehead then the Priest lays the Bible on their Heads instead of a Desk and so pronounceth the Ceremony which is much like ours after the Benediction they hear Mass and so return to the House of the Bride At their Feasting the Men sit by themselves and the Women by their selves the Man goeth to Bed first and the Woman pulleth off his Breeches but putteth not off her Veil till Candles be put out and at all times of the year the Woman riseth first so that the poor Bridegroom knoweth not whether he hath met with a Beauty or a course and ill-favoured piece of flesh but be she what she will he must keep her About their Dead the Body is washed wherein is put some Holy-water then it is drest with a clean white Shirt a pair of Breeches a Waist-coat and a Bonnet then it is put in a Linnen-Sack and sewed up then it is carried to the Church accompanied with the Friends and Relations of the deceased who carry in their hands Tapers and being come to the Altar after some Prayers are said they leave the Corps there all Night the next Morning the Bishop or Priest attended as before says Mass several Prayers being said and Dirges sung the Corps is puts in the Grave and the Bishop casts 3 handfuls of Earth in one after another saying From earth thou camest to earth thou shalt return and stay there till our Lord comes then the Grave is filled up and the Relations and Friends that will go back to the House of the Deceased where a Collation is prepared These with many other Ceremonies are performed by them It s Air and fertility and trade The Air is healthful though its temperament be cold because of the Mountains and Hills which overspread the Country but intermixt with fertil and and delightful Valleys the Soil producing more Grain and Fruits than Vines It yields Bolearmoniack Hony and towards Servan Silk together with some Mines of Silver The Pastures are every where excellent and particularly for Horses of which they make great account for when Armenia was subject to the ancient Kings of Persia it furnished them yearly with 20000 Horses
At present the Turk possesses the greatest part of the Country and keeps still or did not long since Beglerbies at Erzerum Cars Revan Van Schildir Tefflis and Derbent besides which there are many Cities of considerable note some of which the Persians hold 1. It s chief Places Erzerum on the Euphrates near the black Sea on which and not far from Erzerum is Trebisonde which facilitates a great trade between the East West and North for coming from the Indian Ocean by the Gulph of Ormus and so up the Euphrates they may receive passing by what comes from the West to Aleppo and carry it unto Erzerum from whence to Trebisonde by land is not above 25 or 30 Leagues 2. Gars Chars or likewise Chissery is four or five days Journy from Erzerum towards the East on the River Euphrates it hath been taken and retaken divers times by the Turks and Persians The same may be said of Revan Schilder and Van this last is not great but well Walled and with greater Ditches and hath a Castle whose scituation is such as renders it almost inaccessible 3. Tefflis is likewise in some esteem at present but much more formerly under the name of Artaxata which Artaxias Father of Tigranes King of Armenia caused to be builded and fortified at the perswasion of Hannibal 4. Derbent of great antiquity being supposed to have its foundation laid by Alexander the Great who also erected that no less great than strong Castle which is called Kastow adjoyning to the said City which is the greatest and most ordinary passage between Turcomania Persia and other Southern Provinces of Asia to Zuire the Kingdom of Astracan and other more Northern Estates of Europe and Asia It s scituation is upon the utmost Mountains which regard the Taberestan or the Caspian Sea and all is so well fortified that the Turks have took occasion to call the place Demir or Temir Capi or the Port of Iron and the name of Derbent signifies a Streight Port and in all likelyhood these are the Caspiae Portae so famous among the Ancients because that in the black Sea and the Sea of Tabarestan which is about 3 or 400 thousand Paces It is all high Mountainous and hard to be passed and if there be any passages they are infamous for Robberies and Incursions which the Inhabitants of the Countries or the Princes which possess them make This City is a place of great strength being invironed with two strong Walls and fortified with Towers and Iron-gates being accounted the Key or Inlet to Persia now in the hands of the Grand Signior 5. Bitlis and Manuscute belong to the Curdes who have here many and divers Lords better affected to the Persians than the Turks Bitlis is between two Mountains watered with a River which receives many fair Fountains The Houses are built with Stones which is rare in that Country others being of nothing but Wood and Earth The Castle is seated advantagiously but I believe this place is not now in the hands of the Turks and to speak truth we have at present little knowledge of any thing concerning these quarters ARMENIA was much better known and more famous in Ancient time than at present under the name of Turcomania The Bounds of Armenia Its Bounds are very advantagious being quite encompassed with high Mountains large Rivers and washed by divers Seas and seated Northwards of the Caspian Mountains which divides it from Media now called Servan The Mountains of Armenis This Country is well replenished with Mountains Vallies Rivers and Lakes The Mountain Anti-Taurus divides it East and West almost from one extremity to the other whose most Easternly point is called Abus from whence the Euphrates Tigris and Araxes take some of their Streams The Gordian Mountains pour forth the greatest supplies to Tigris and the Pariardes increase most the Streams of Euphrates Araxes and Farza Chief Rivers in Armenia Farza turns his course towards the North and after having passed Colchida and pressed through 100 or 120 Bridges falls into the Euxine Sea Araxes turns towards the East watering the fairest and richest Plains of Armenia and falls into the Caspian Sea between Media and Albania Both the one and the other Euphrates descend towards the West but approaching the Euxine Sea it turns again towards the South and reunites its two Channels into one traverses the Anti-Taurus and Taurus divides Armenia and Mesopotamia from Asia Minor Syria and Arabia descends into Chaldea where it waters the ancient Babylon and loses it self in the Tigris This last descends from Mount Abus and the Georgian Mountains falls into divers Lakes loses it self and rises divers times out of the Earth cuts the Mountain Niphates separates Mesopotamia from Assyria washes Ninive Seleucia Ctesiphon receives all the branches of the Euphrates and discharges it self in the Persian Gulph Lakes of most note in Armenia The greatest Lakes of Armenia are Thospitis Areessa and Lychintes this last is towards the Araxes and the Caspian Sea Areessa is the same that Pliny and Solinus call Arethusa Thospitis according to Ptolomy is another Lake the Tigris likewise crosses after which it loses it self the second time The first hath its Water so as it will take spots out of Cloaths but is not good to drink Kings of eminent note in Armenia Among the Kings of Armenia which made themselves most known to the Romans or Parthians Tigranes Son-in-law to Mithridates King of Pontus hath been the most famous This Tigranes after having been an Hostage in the hands of the Parthians regained his Estates by their means in recompence of which he gave them 70 Valleys on the confines of Media and Assyria but after he knew and had gathered together his Powers he retook all those Vallies beat the Parthians out of them pillaged Assyria as far as Ninive and Arbela subjected to himself a part of Media and afterwards all Mesopotamia Syria Phoenicia and Cilicia But whilst he believed himself above Fortune Mithridates his Father-in-law was divers times defeated and driven from his Realm of Pontus by Lucullus and the Romans and retiring himself into Armenia to his Son-in-law his refusal to abandon or deliver him into the hands of Lucullus drew the Romans into Armenia where Lucullus several times defeated Tigranes took Tigranocerta where was his Regal Diadem and likewise in a great Set-Battel where Tigranes had 150000 Foot and 1000 or 1200 Horse flew 100000 Foot and the greatest part of his Cavalry constraining him to yield to the Romans the Provinces of Cilicia Syria Phoenicia and Mesopotamia and content himself with Armenia only but for the present let us lay aside History The division of Armenia according to Ptolomy Ptolomy divided Armenia into four principal Parts and allotted to the first 7 Regions or Provinces 6 to the second 3 to the third and 4 to the fourth placing in the first part 30 Cities 27 in the second 12 in the third and 18 in
little upon Asia that only an Isthmus of 30 or 40 Leagues between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean joyns them together Its Bounds Besides this Isthmus Africa is bounded on all sides by the Sea as appears by the Map The Latins called it most commonly Africa It s Name and the Greeks Libya yet both the one and the other are indifferently found in the Authors of the one and the other Tongue The first was given by one Afer descending from Abraham and Kethura others say of one Afer Son of the Libyan Hercules or according to the Greeks it is taken from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Sine Frigore because according to its scituation it must be without Cold. According to the Arabs the name should be taken from Ifriquia that is Divided because were it not for that Isthmus which joyns it to Asia it were quite divided from our Continent According to the Punick Tongue it signifies the Land of Corn for the abundance of Grains gathered in that particular part called Africa The name of Libya is taken either from Libya the Daughter of Epaphus the Son of Jupiter or from Libya one of the three Lakes which descend into the River Triton or from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which in the ancient Greek Idiom signifies Black because its Inhabitants are Black or from Lub which among the Arabs signifies Thirst because a good part of the Country wants Water But these Histories Fables and Etymologies are taken from divers Authors of divers Tongues and for different Reasons there may be new ones found or made to content those which are covetous of them It s Form and Promontories The Form of Africa is near Triangular yet it advances four Promontories to the four principal places of the World Cape Bona towards the North the Cape of Good Hope towards the South Cape Guard a Fuy towards the the East and Cape Verd towards the West the three last are on the Ocean and the first on the Mediterranean Sea It s length and breadth It s length taken from Cape Verd to Cape Guard a Fuy is about 2000 Leagues Its breadth from Cape Bona to that of Good Hope is about 1800 Leagues but both its length and breadth are found much less in all other places It s Scituation It s scituation is under or about the Torrid Zone the Equinoctial Line passing over it and cutting it in two though unequal parts The most part of Africa is between the two Tropicks which it out passes 11 ½ Degrees and and 15 Degrees on one and the other side to wit 11 ½ Degrees beyond the Tropick of Capricorn and 15 on this side that of Cancer How Inhabited It is every where inhabited though not so well as Europe or Asia whether by reason of the insupportable Heats which reign there or because it hath many Countries dry and without Water or because it hath others where there is much Sand easily removed by the Wind often burying Men in it or by reason of the great number of venemous fierce and cruel Beasts which are found through the whole or because they sell and transport one another for Slaves I leave to judge It is moreover observable that it is fresher and cooler under and about the Equator than under and about the Tropicks The reason is because the Sun makes two Summers and two Winters under and near the Equator and that the Nights are equal to the Days which is a great refreshment It s Division Divers Authors divide Africa in a very different manner yet most agree to make first the Division into two great parts calling that Oriental which is on the East of the Nile and that Occidental which is on the West others by the Equator calling it Northern on this side and Southern on the other side the Equator Others by the Colours of the People observing that on this side the Tropick of Cancer they are white and beyond it black But all these Divisions have many faults to avoid which and to make our Division of Africa into two great Parts agree with that of ancient Authors and with the disposition in which the Country is now found I draw a Line from the Gulph of St. Thomas unto the extremity of Egypt on the Red Sea This Line carried along where the Estates are distinguished one from the other divides Africa into two equal parts cuts no Estate in two and that which is on this side is called by the Ancients and by the Modern more precisely Africa or Libya that which is beyond this is called both by the one and the other Ethiopia This first Division will facilitate those of the other parts dividing Africa or Libya into two and Ethiopia likewise into two Africa or Libya into the higher and farther in regard of us and exteriour and interiour in regard of those of the Country Ethiopia into high and low according to the Moderns or into Ethiopia under Egypt and Ethiopia Interiour according to the Ancients Its Parts and their bounds In the Higher and Exteriour Africa or Libya we have Barbary Billedulgerid and Egypt In the Farther and Interiour Africa and Libya Saara or Desart the Country of the Negroes and Guinny In the Higher Ethiopia or under Egypt are Nubia Abissina and Zanguebar In the Lower or Interiour Ethiopia Congo the Mono-Motapa and the Cafres Barbary extends it self along the Mediterranean Sea from the Ocean unto Egypt and is bounded on the South by Mount Atlas Billedulgerid lies along this Mountain likewise from the Ocean unto Egypt bounded on the South by Saara or Desart Egypt is only one Valley from the Cataractes of Nile unto the Mediterranean Sea This last part hath retained its ancient name the other two put together answer to what the Ancients called Mauritania Africa proprie dicta and Libya likewise proprie dicta so that the most Western parts of Barbary and Billedulgerid together make Mauritania the Middle Africa and the most Eastern Libya Likewise Saara or Desart the Country of the Negroes and Guinny stretch themselves from the Ocean unto the High and Low Ethiopia And the most Western part of Saara answers to the ancient People Gatuli the Easternly part of Garamantes The Country of the Negroes to Nigritarum Regio Guinny to many People of which the most famous have been the Perorsi This Guinny is 750 Leagues long The Country of the Negroes near 1000 Saara Billedulgerid and Barbary each 11 or 1200 Leagues their breadth being only 100 200 or 300 Leagues The length of Egypt from South to North is not above 200 Leagues It s breadth if we esteem it only the Valley along the Nile is very narrow and sometimes only 5 10 sometimes 12 or 15 Leagues We have divided Ethiopia into the Higher and the Lower placing in the Higher Nubia Abissina and Zanguebar in the Lower Congo Mono-Motapa and Cafres Nubia is for the most part on this side and to the
broad Here is a fair Burse or Exchange for Merchants two great Prisons for their Slaves and some Bastions to defend the Port which is good and large This place is famous for the death of Cato sirnamed Vticensis who for fear of falling into the hands of Caesar here slew himself and is of note in the Carthaginian Wars The Government or City of Goletta The Government of GOLETTA is much esteemed because of the neighbouring Carthage or rather because of Tunis whose Key it is It is a Fortress built in the neck of the Gulph between Tunis and the Sea by which all must necessarily pass And it hath given occasion to build a Fort on the top of a Hill whose foot is washed by the Sea There was heretofore the old Fort and the now the Old was only an intrenched Bastion guarded by 30 or 40 Janizaries the New is great well fortified and furnished with all things necessary A Fountain of Running-water crosses the place so that it seems rather a City than a Fortress Charles the Fifth took this Fort in 1535 which the Turks retook in 1574. Under this Fort was it that General Blake with the English Fleet The City of Tunis fired the Pirate Ships of Tunis in 1654. Tunis at the bottom of this Gulph is at present one of the fairest Cities of Barbary it counts 8 Gates 8 chief Streets which are crossed by abundance of others 10 Places or Markets more than 300 Temples and Synagogues of the Jews and many Oratories some likewise for the Christians 150 Bania's or Hot-Houses 86 Schools 9 Colledges where Youth is nourished and instructed at the publick expence 64 Hospitals and a great number of Canes or Inus for Merchants and Christians c. The Buildings of the Royal Palace are magnificent it had long since 10000 Houses and is much increased since the Moors of Granada were driven out of Spain Among its Inhabitants are many Merchants Apothecaries Druggists Confectioners Cooks Bakers Butchers and above all Drapers and Weavers c. Their common Bread is kneaded with Oil of which they have abundance and utter quantity into Egypt Their Linnen and Manufactures have vent through all Africa It is a place of great Traffick It s Trade and Commodities and much frequented by Merchants of Foreign parts affording several other good Commodities as Gold Saffron Wax Oil raw and salted Hides variety of Fruits Wool Spunges Hard Soap they have also a great trade for Horses and Ostrich Feathers c. and above all for Christian Slaves Commodities most vendible here are English Cloths Perpetuanoes Iron Lead c. They have no Water either of Well or of Fountain except that which is reserved for the Bassa but make use of Cisterns and Rain-water They are fain to have their Mills turned by their Slaves or by Oxen. The Arab of Nubia Sanutus and some others esteem Tunis to answer to the Ancient Tarsis This place as Heylin noteth is observable in the History of the Holy Wars for the Sieges and Successes of two of our English Princes viz. Edward the First in his Fathers life time and Henry the Fourth then but Earl of Darby by both of which the City was forced to a composition But the Ruins of Carthage Tunis received its splendor from the ruins of Carthage from which Tunis had its increase are remarkable because of the Antiquity Scituation Greatness and Power of this City The beginning of it is given to Dido the Phoenician who inclosed with the Wall the Quarter or Castle of Byrsa which is two miles and a half in Circuit which in the Country they still call Bersac and Byrsa signifying a Hide to the Greeks and a Fortress to the Phoenicians the one agrees with the Fable that Dido had bought and builded the place on the greatness and extent of an Oxes Hide the other to the scituation and advantage of the place where this Fortress was built This Scituation and the goodness of the neighbouring Port drew so many People that it became one of the fairest Cities in the World Its circumference in its splendor was 360 Stadia like to that of Babylon and its Inhabitants have been so rich and powerful that they disputed with the Romans for the Empire of the World being once called the Lady and Mistress of Africa The particular power of this City was not known till the third and last Punick War when after having had to do with Massinissa to whom they yielded a good part of their Estates after having granted and put into the Romans hands their Ships of War their Elephants their Arms and their Hostages which were demanded when they commanded them to leave the City and to inhabit from the Sea-Coast despair made them resolve on the War They made other Arms built new Ships the Women and Virgins giving their Hair to make Cables and Cordage and defended themselves yet 3 or 4 years It was afterwards restored and at divers times but the Vandals and in the end the Arabs have wholly ruined it there not remaining above 7 or 800 Houses of Fishermen Gardiners c. The Government of Soussa its Cities People c. The Government of SOVSA contains the Cities of 1. Hammametha which communicates its name to the neighbouring Gulph at the bottom whereof it is scituated its Walls are strong and its Harbour safe 2. Susa is in a higher and lower City the former on a Rock and of difficult access the last on the Sea with a good Port where are laded great quantities of Oils both the one and the other well built The Duke of Savoy made an enterprize on them in 1619. 3. Monastero so called because there was once a famous Monastery of the Order of St. Augustine The Riches about Susa is in Olives Pears and other Fruits and Pastures for Cattle The ordinary Food for the Inhabitants is Barly-bread the Country affording no other Grain The Inhabitants of Susa and Hammametha addict themselves to Traffick others to Whitning of Cloth they make Charcoal and draw some profit from their Fishing The Government or City of Africa or El-Madia The Government of AFRICA or EL-MADIA hath nothing considerable but this place may be made far better than it is It s scituation is in a Peninsula which touches not the Main but by an Isthmus of 2 or 300 Paces where there is likewise some Marsh and on this side the City is invested with a double Wall and good Ditches It s Port within the City is capable to lodge 50 Gallies but its entrance is so narrow that a Galley is forced to lift up its Oars to pass The Coasts about Sousa and Elmedia and what Transactions hapned there The Coasts about Susa and Elmedia have been well known in the Roman History in the time of the Wars between Caesar and the Party of Pompey Caesar landed at Rhuspina now Susa Adrumetum now Hammametha being in the Enemies hands and in the beginning had divers
COSMOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHY In Two Parts THE FIRST Containing the General and Absolute Part of COSMOGRAPHY and GEOGRAPHY BEING A TRANSLATION From that Eminent and much Esteemed GEOGRAPHER VARENIVS Wherein are at large handled All such Arts as are necessary to be understood for the true knowledge thereof To which is added the much wanted Schemes omitted by the Author THE SECOND PART Being a Geographical Description of all the WORLD Taken from the Notes and Works of the Famous Monsieur SANSON Late GEOGRAPHER to the French King To which are added About an Hundred Cosmographical Geographical and Hydrographical TABLES of several Kingdoms and Isles in the World with their Chief Cities Seaports Bays c. drawn from the MAPS of the said SANSON Illustrated with MAPS LONDON Printed by S. Roycroft for Richard Blome MDCLXXXII To the Right Noble CHRISTOPHER DUKE OF ALBEMARLE Earl of Torrington Baron Monk of Potheridge Beauchamp and Teys Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter Lord Lieutenant of Devonshire and Essex Captain of His MAJESTIES Life Guards and Guards of Horse One of the Gentlemen of His Bed Chamber and One of His Most Honurable Privy-Council MY LORD WHEN I consider You are the Duke of ALBEMARLE the very Title is so Great that it puts a damp on my Quill and disables me from making any sufficient Apology for this presumptuous Dedication But on the other hand when I consider that You are Heir to Your now Glorious Fathers Vertues as well as to his Titles and Dignities and that his Goodness and Humility are entailed on You his only Son I cannot want a Motive to this Ambition My Lord This Volume is a Cosmographical and Geographical Description of the WORLD in which Your Name is great and precious and although in it self is excellent yet being Countenanced by Your Protection will admit of no Equals This being granted by Your Grace's Favour I have no more to beg but that Your Fathers Magnanimity Valour Grandure and Heroick Actions may be so deeply imprinted on You that these Kingdoms may not only love and admire You but that Your Name and Memory may be precious to future Ages which is the Prayer of MY LORD Your Graces most Obedient Servant RICHARD BLOME THE Preface to the Reader AMongst all those Arts or Sciences which Man ought to have a Knowledge of the Description of the Earth and Heavens which is termed COSMOGRAPHY and GEOGRAPHY for the Vtility and Dignity thence arising ought not to have the least estimate the Soul being naturally inclined to the exploration of COSMOGRAPHY and GEOGRAPHY as a necessary inherent in it which seems evident in that Men of undoubted Judgments out of a singular desire to propagate this Study and sparing no Cost or Labour have travelled over the greatest part of the Universe Vnto this we add That seeing the Earth was created by God to be the habitation of Man if by brevity of Life and Humane imbecility we cannot so well Travel with the Body yet at least-wise we would visit behold and contemplate it in our Minds for its beauty admirable elegancy and the Honour of the Creator There are many other Forceable Arguments by which it appears all Men are generally inclined to the knowledge thereof As the Commodities of every Nation are peculiar to it self so that according to Divine Providence one Nation cannot well subsist without the help of another to which end they are transported by way of Exchange and Traffick unto other Countries But to shew the use of it in all Arts and Sciences there being none but receive some light and assistance from COSMOGRAPHY and GEOGRAPHY To this the immortal Stagyrite and Divine Plato flieth as a refuge when a numberless multitude and variety of Natures secrets in Lands disjoyned and the profound Ocean sometimes nonpluseth or staggers their Capacities The Moral PHILOSOPHER is a Non-essence being unskilled herein for how can he search into or inform himself of the Genius Natures Inclinations or Studies of Men and what is most proper for every distinct Nation or People being his adequate subject without this Chart to stear by The PHYSITIAN is necessitated to have a great insight in this Noble Study both for observing the Drugs and Medicaments transported from Foreign Parts c. judging their Natures and Effects from the several Climates c. but especially for the variety of Bodies or Constitutions which are habituated according to the Climate and Soil of the Country Take this away from the MARTIALIST his Stratagems fail and his whole Knowledge is in a feeble condition The MERCHANT and NAVIGATOR are compelled unto an insight herein for the knowing the Scituation and Climate of Countries their Circumferences the Latitude and Longitude of Places the Currents of Rivers what Commodities each Region aboundeth in and what they are deficient of and the Manners Customs and Dispositions of the Inhabitants Without COSMOGRAPHY and GEOGRAPHY all History is a thing of little use the affinity of them both being such that they seem to center both in one And to come more home to the matter the History of the Scythians Indians Aethiopians and Americans are only expressed unto us by Geographers Farther Historiographers make use of Geographical Descriptions for the better and more full illustration of their History And lastly in reference unto POLICY or Management of State no Wars Societies or Leagues can be well made with a Foreign State or Kingdom except there be first a perfect knowledge of the Nature Disposition Manners Customs Strength c. of the Nation or Pâ—â—ple with which such a Combination or League c. is to be made and established Henry King of Castile though much weakned by Sickness yet neglected not to send frequent Embassadors into Asia that he might have a continual information of the Manners and Strength of those Provinces And the same was done by Moses before his setting foot into Palestine Now Nature which exhibiteth and discovereth her elegancy and force in the production of variety of things hath not only diversly distinguished the Faces and Physiognomy but also the Souls and Minds of Men The Modes Genius's Customs and Natures of Nations being vastly different unto this very end she hath variously disposed the causes themselves GEOGRAPHERS have divided the World into Climates and every Climate is distinctly subject to the Dominion of some Planet as the chief cause of this Diversity where observe that the first Climate which extendeth through the Meroë an Isle made so by the River Nilus is subject to Saturn Those under the second Climate is attributed to Jupiter and passeth through Siene a City in Aegypt Those inhabiting under the third is subject to Mars and extendeth through Alexandria Those under the fourth is appropriated to the Sun and stretcheth through Rhodes and the middle of Greece Those under the fifth which passeth through Rome and divideth Italy from Savoy is attributed to Venus Those under the sixth where Mercury is predominate passeth through France And
those under the seventh which is subject to the Moon passeth through Germany the Low Countries and England which said Planets have their Operations or Influences on the Inhabitants dwelling under each of the said Climes So that although the glorious and eternal Luminaries of Heaven have an efficacious operation yet notwithstanding the Disposition of the Earth hath a far greater prevalency seeing that through the various scituation of Hills and Vallies we experimentally find more great and different effects of the Celestial Rays which are also contemporated by the Rivers and Lakes This can be denied by no man that Nature is admirable in her Works sometimes as it were on set purpose deluding the curiosity of Humane wisdom by receding from the ordinary Laws of Causes Who can render a sufficient reason of that which is testified by Mariners concerning the Region of Maliapur in which is seated Calicut an exceeding high Mountains topping the Clouds dividing this Province throughout and ending in a Promontory which is now called Comorium which although it hath the same Altitude of the Pole yet when the Winter rageth and the Waters swell on the one side on the other side the Fields and Towns are schorched with excessive heat and the Sea calm Wherefore this diversity which is discovered in the Climates the scituation of Provinces Contemporation of the Air and Elements do variously discriminate the Constitutions of Men and those Constitutions their Natures for the manners of the Mind follow the temperament and disposition of the Body The Septentrional or Northern People being remote from the Sun and by consequence inhabiting in cold Countries are Sanguine Robust full of Valour and Animosity hence they have alwaies been Victorious and predominant over the Meridional or Southern Nations as the ASSYRIANS over the CHALDEANS the MEDES over the ASSYRIANS the PARTHIANS over the GRECIANS the TVRKS over the ARABIANS the GOTHS over the GERMANS the ROMANS over the AFRICANS and the ENGLISH over the FRENCH They love Freedom and Liberty as those also do which are Mountaineers as the Helvetians Grissons and Cantabrians The Nations proximate to the Sun have their Blood wholly exsiccated by immoderate Heat hence the Inhabitants of those Places are melancholy and profound in the penetrating of the secrets of Nature For all the Northern Nations receive the Mysteries of the Sciences from the AEGYPTIANS and ARABIANS The Provinces which are immediately between both Torrid Zones enjoy a a Benign Heaven so that they Florish in Religion Justice and Prudence The Mutations of Governments the Transmigration and Emission of Colonies Converse Matrimony War and Peace also the Motions of the Celestial Spheres which drive from the Poles and the Zodiack of the Primum Mobile the Heavenly Images on these Inferiour Bodies do change and alter the Habits Manners and also Nature it self If we have recourse unto History we shall find the GERMANS noted of old for lofty Minds and the ITALIANS on the contrary too abject and low which difference now cannot be discerned Nations have Swayed and been Predominate by turns and as long as the Monarchy hath had duration amongst them Vertue hath flourished Arts and Arms have gone hand in hand which afterwards with the Ruine of the Empire hath been smother'd in its Ashes and received Vivification in another place yet notwithstanding these Obstacles every Nation hath certain Propensions and fixed Affections appropriate to every one which will adhere to Forrainers if that they long remain amongst them The Intelligent Reader who desireth a Knowledge in these and other Particulars with a throughout Prospect of the Vtility of COSMOGRAPHY and GEOGRAPHY may consult the Work it self RICHARD BLOME The Contents of the SECTIONS and CHAPTERS GENERAL GEOGRAPHY which may be divided into III. Parts 1. The Absolute Part divided into Five Sections The first Section of things to be foreknown Chap. 1. Of the Precognita's Pag. 1 Ch. 2. Things necessary to Geometry and Trigonometry p. 6 The Second Section explaineth the Affections of the whole Earth Chap. 3. Of the Figure of the Earth p. 11 Chap. 4. Of the Dimension and Magnitude of the same 15 Chap. 5. Of the Motion of the same p. 23 Chap. 6. Of its Place in the System of the World p. 27 Chap. 7. Of its Substance and Constitution p. 30 The Third Section in which the Constitution and Parts of the Earth are explained Chap. 8. Of the division of the Earth by Waters p. 35 Chap. 9. Of Mountains in general p. 40 Chap. 10. Of the difference of Mountains p. 46 Chap. 11. Of Woods Deserts and Mines p. 54 The Fourth Section of Hydrography in which the Waters and their Properties are explained Chap. 12. Of the division of the Ocean throughout the Earth p. 57 Chap. 13. Of the Ocean and its Parts p. 65 Chap. 14. Of the Motions of the Sea especially of the flux and reflux p. 83 Chap. 15. Of Lakes Pools and Marishes p. 102 Chap. 16. Of Rivers p. 108 Chap. 17. Of Mineral Waters Baths Spaws c. p. 130 Chap. 18. Of the mutation of Dry places into Watery and the contrary p. 142 The fifth Section of the Atmosphere and Wind Chap. 19. Of the Atmosphere and Air p. 154 Chap. 20. Of the Winds in general p. 179 Chap. 21. Of the differences of Winds and of them in particular p. 187 2. The Respective Part â—xplaining the Celestial Affections Chap. 22. Of the Celestial Affections in general p. 2â—3 Ch. 23. Of the Latitude of a Place and the Elevation of the Pole p. 207 Chap. 24. Of the division of the Earth into Zones p. 213 Chap. 25. Of the Longitude of the Days and division of the Earth into Climates p. 220 Chap. 26. Of the Light Heat Cold Rains with other Properties of the Zones according to the Season of the Year p. 231 Chap. 27. Of Shadows and the division of the Inhabitants in respect of the Shadow p. 259 Chap. 28. Of the Comparation of the Celestial Affections in divers places where is treated concerning the Antoeci Perioeci and Antipodes p. 269 Chap. 29. Of the diversity of Time in divers Places p. 275 Chap. 30. Of the divers Rising of the Sun and Moon and of the other Appearances p. 280 3. The Comparative Part considering the Affections which do arise from the comparing of one place to another Chap. 31. Of the Longitude of Places p. 291 Chap. 32. Of the Scituation of Places one to another p. 309 Chap. 33. Of the mutual distances of Places p. 335 Chap. 34. Of the visible Horizon p. 342 Chap. 35. Of the Art of Navigation in general and of the Building of Ships p. 344 Chap. 36. Of the Lading or Ballacing of Ships p. 345 Chap. 37. Of the Directory of the Nautick Art in the first part the knowâ—edge of the Distance p. 347 Chap. 38. Thâ—â—â—â—ond part the knowledge of the Quarters p. 348 Chap. 39. The third part of Histiodromia or the Course of a Ship p. 353 Chap. 40. The fourth part of the
above Dalmatia the Dalmation Hills and they are stretched out through Macedonia to Thrace and Pontus But because there cometh in a little space between the Julian and Dalmatian Hills therefore some men determine and make the end of the Alpes to be in the Julian Mountains It sendeth out one Arm with continual chains and yokes of Hills and with a winding course like a crescent passing through all Italy and dividing it into two parts it runneth along even to the Sicilian Sea Neither doth it march forward in one form every where but in many parts it putteth forth collateral or side-Companions and fellow Branches as it also sendeth forth some Mountains styled with several Names as the Mountain Massicus the Hill Gaurus Monte di Capua or the Mountain of Capua and the burning Vesuvius c. The Hills of Peru. 2. The Hills of Peru or Peruviana the longest of all others for they pass through the whole South America even from the Equator to the Magellanick streigths and do separate the Kingdom of Peru from other Provinces insomuch that the whole tract of this Chain of Hills is about 800 German miles And the heads or cliffs of the Hills are so high that they are reported to weary Birds in their flight over them and there is but one only passage over these Hills which as yet is discovered and that very cumbersom Many of those are covered with perpetual Snows as well in Summer as Winter and many of them are also wrapt up and involved with the Clouds and some likewise are elevated beyond the middle Region of the Air. Truly it hath hapned the Spaniards sometimes passing out of Nicaragua into Peru that many of them These Mountains exceeding Cold. together with their Horses on the tops of those interposed Mountains have suddenly died and if they had become stiff with cold Frost they remained there immovable like standing Images The cause of which seemeth-to have been the want of Air such as our breath or Lungs require There are also found in these Mountains Sulphury and smoking Hills The Hills between Peru and Brasil 3. There are very many other Mountains between Peru and Brasil which also stretch themselves out through the Country of China to the Magellanick streights where the high tops of the Hills are perpetually hidden with Snows although they lie under the Latitude of 52 degrees The Hills of Canada and New England 4. Add to these Chains of Hills those of Canada and New England and very many others in North America covered with continual Snow although they are less famous The Mountain Taurus 5. The top of Taurus a Mountain in Asia This was amongst ancient Writers accounted the most noble and greatest Mountain of the World It riseth up in Asia Minor from the Pamphilian Sea nigh to the Chelidonian Islands and thence marcheth along through divers Countries and great Kingdoms under divers Names from the West into the East unto India and divideth all Asia into two parts one whereof which looketh to the North is called Asia within Taurus and the other which faceth the West is named Asia without Taurus It is fenced in on either side with many Companions amongst which the famous and most notable ones are the greater and the lesser Anti-Taurus which cut and divide the greater and lesser Armenia into two parts where Taurus it self passeth between Armenia and Mesopotamia it sendeth forth many Arms towards the North and South The Mountain Imaus 6. The Mountain Imaus marcheth forth in form of a Cross two ways as well towards the East and VVest as towards the North and South The Northern part is now called Alkai It is stretched out forward towards the South even to the very ends of the Indies and the fountain heads of the River Ganges in length about four hundred German Miles It divideth the Asian Scythia into two parts of which that which looketh on the west is called Scythia within the Mountain Imaus but that which beholdeth the East is named Scythia without the Mountain Imaus The Mountain Caucasus 7. The top of the Mountain Caucasus is stretched out from the North to the South towards Pontus Euxinus from the Caspian Sea to whom it is a neighbour at the breadth of fifty miles and to those that sail in the Caspian Sea it is an infallible mark to govern and steer their course by It reacheth to Mount Ararat in Armenia where Noah's Ark rested which the Turks and Persians believe to be there kept to this day But the Mountains of Ararat are neighbours to Taurus because all these Mountains are contiguous VVe will speak of the height of Caucasus in the Thirtieth Chapter The Hill of China 8. The Hill of China which embraceth and comprehends the Damasian Mountains so called by the Ancients towards the VVest and Ottoroâ—ora towards the North. This Clift or Chain of Hills consisteth of many Mountains not indeed continually yoked together but here and there affording a passage between them And the Mountains of Camboja seem to be a part of that gang of Hills The Mountains of Arabia 9. The Hills of Arabia which march forward in a triple rank of whom the Holy Mount Sinai is a part The Mount Atlas 10. The most famous Hill and which is celebrated with innumerable figments of the Greek Poets is Mount Atlas in Africa It riseth at the shore of the Western Ocean of Africa and extends it self through all Africa even to the borders of Egypt It hath the Fountains and Springs of almost all the Rivers of Africa in many places it is full of Snow and Cold although it lieth in the Torrid Zone The Mountains of the Moon 11. The Clift of Africa nigh to Monomotapa which is called the Mountains of the Moon It compasseth in almost all Monomotapa and the arms or branches thereof are many as the Hill Zeth and the Snowy Mountains There are found very many and in a manner innumerable other yoaks or chains of Mountains in Africa severed and disjoyned by a small space insomuch that they are almost all contiguous and seem to be parts of one Chain of Hills The Riphean Mountains of Europe 12. The Riphean Mountains of Europe which are also called the Obian Hills they march on forward from the White Sea or Muscovian Bay to the very mouth of the River Ob and the Muscovites call them Weliki Kameypoyas that is the great Stony Girdle because they think that the whole World is girted in with them There is here another yoak of Hills which the Russians call Joegoria It beginneth at the Southern boundary of Tartaria and extends it self unto the North Sea and very many Rivers rise and spring out of this viz. the Rivers Wissagda Neem Wissera and Petsora the greatest of all Besides a triple yoak of Hills runneth down betwen Siberia and Russia from the North towards the South One of them the Russians call Coosvinscoy Camen whose breadth or
Let them be drawn to A C which sheweth the Semiperiphery of the Aequator Right lines Parallel through every degree of the Quadrants or quarters they shew the Parallels of the Aequator or the Circles of Latitude and the Tropicks and Polary Circles shall also be found out The parts into which E B E D is divided through these that are drawn are the Meridian degrees B D which are noted 1 2 3 and so on The same are taken in the Quadrant E A of the Aequator and the Quadrant E C and the number 1 2 3 are ascribed even to 180 beginning from the first point or next to the Meridian B A D. So the parts A E C shew the degrees into which the Semiperiphery of the Aequator is divided through which the Poles B D the Semiellipsis must be drawn for the Meridians Because through B D is the greater Axis of Ellipsis which are to be drawn but the Semissis E B or E D but the Axis of the lesser Semissis is various in divers viz. pair of E A intercepted between E and the degree of Longitude and therefore from those given it is easy by an apt Instrument to describe these Ellipses which Instrument is vulgar at this day neither is it difficult to make it Yet the points of every one of the Ellipsis may be easily found through which they must be drawn with a free hand but it is better to delineate them with an Instrument The Circles of the Latitude and the Meridians being so described all the places in this Map are to be ascribed at these points in which the Meridian and Circle of Latitude do meet and so the Map shall be finished The Ecliptick shall be represented by a streight line or by the Ecliptick line by that Method which we have explained in Maps of the second Mode with little labour These Maps very useful Maps of this Method are able to perform what the Tables of the preceeding Modes do besides this they have this Commodity that they apparently shew the decrease of the Circles of Latitude in Magnitude towards the Poles If the division H G and H K cannot be made through the stroaks of the Lines by reason of the great distance of the Eye D it will be easy by calculation to find out the Parallels for every degree viz. according to this proportion As the distance of the Eye taken from the Center of the Earth with the Sinus of the Complement of the Arch of the Aequator to be represented have themselves to the Sinus of the same Arch so is the distance of the Eye from the Table to part the Line H C or H K which shall only represent the Arch of the Aequator For Example let us put the Eye D to be removed from the Center of the Earth E 200 Semidiameters of it but the Table or Glass H K 100 Semidiameters Therefore D E shall be 200 and D H 100 of such as E B or E A E C is 1. We shall find first the Longitude of G H K which ought to represent the Semiperiphery of the Aequator A B C in this distance of the Eye or Glass And it shall be thus As D E is to E A so is D H to H S or H K. 200 100 1 to the Semidiamiter of the Earth ½ From whence it is manifest H K or H G ought to be of half the Longitude of the Semidiamiter of the Earth which in truth is over vast when we can exhibit no such Line on any Plain Therefore for the Earth it self we conceive a little Earth or Globe Terrestrial lesser than usual whose Semidiameter if that it be of 2 foot H G or H K shall be of 1 foot viz. if that the Eye be put 200 foot remote from the Center of that little Earth but the Glass 100. But if you desire to know how much distance the Eye ought to be removed from the very Earth that the Semidiameter of the Aequator E A or E C may make the projecture H C of given Magnitude for Example of 1 foot the Semidiamiter of the Aequator that is the Semissis of the Axis of the Earth containeth 19598300 that may be found by this proportion yet supposing the distance of the Glass from the Eye viz. H D 10000. As H G to D H so E A to D E. A Holland mile 1 to 100000 so 19598300 to 1959830000000 foot wherefore 18000 makes an Holland mile a vast distance But in practice we take not the Earth its self but its type or little Earth from which it is not necessary to suppose the Eye removed by so great an interval but the projecture therefore is not varied The eighth Mode in which any given place in the Earth receiveth the Center or middle place of the Map If you please to have a Map in which the scituation of all places to our place or to any given place as also the distance of them from our place may be beheld and found out a Method is discovered by which the Superficies of the Earth is so represented that any given place of it may possess the middle place or Center of the Map and the other places may lie about it as a Center Such Maps those people affect The Chineses and ancient Jews supposed their Countrey to be in the middle of the Earth who are delighted with a vain opinion that their Country is scituated in the middle of the whole Earth as the Chineses and likewise the Jews in times past But to describe such a Map let us take London to possess the Center of the Map we take his Latitude or the Elevation of the ' Pole to be the 51 ½ degree the Eye is placed in the point opposite to the Vertex or in the Nadir of the place the Table or Glass is the Plain of the Horizon or another Parallel to it if you please to represent a larger portion than the Hemisphere which is more commodious in this Method to wit that the Plain at least may pass through the depressed Pole Therefore in the Plain let the Center E be taken for London and the described Periphery A B C D which sheweth the Horizon must be divided into four quarters and every one of these into 90 degrres let the Diameter B D be the Meridian line B the North Pole D the South Diameter And the line of the rising and setting Aequinoctial sheweth the primary vertical A the Occident C the Oriental Cardo or sheweth the place which is distant 90 degrees in the primary vertical point All the vertical points are represented in streight lines drawn through the Center E to every degree of the Horizon But to shun confusion it is better to omit them and to adjoyn a Circumductile Rule to the Paxil affixed in E. Then let B D be divided into 180 degrees as in the former Mode by drawing Right Lines from A to every degree of the Semiperiphery B C D. That point
quarter by North-west West and a quarter by South west North-west and a quarter by West South-west and a quarter by West The Measures in which are to be considered that the least part that can be described upon the Terrestrial Globe is a Point many Points described and continued right the one to the other make a Line twelve Lines continued together are esteemed to make an Inch or Thumbs breadth twelve Inches make a Foot two Foot and half make a common Pace and two common Paces a Geometrical Pace one hundred twenty five Geometrical Paces make a Stade or certain measure of ground eight Stades or one thousand Geometrical Paces is one thousand Roman Paces or the Italian Mile one thousand fifty six Geometrical Paces make an English Mile one thousand two hundred sixty seven Paces make a Scotish Mile two thousand four hundred or 2500 Geometrical Paces make a Spanish League four thousand Geometrical Paces make a Dutch League or Miles five thousand Geometrical Paces make a Swedish League or Miles six thousand Geometrical Paces make an Hungarian League or Miles 24 or 25 French Leagues or 60000 Geometrical Paces make a degree of Latitude on the Aequator three hundred and sixty degrees of Longitude on the Aequator make the great circle of the Terrestrial Globe the great circle of the Terr Globe multiplyed by his Diameter make the Superficies of the Terrestrial Globe Geographical and Hydrographical TABLES The Terrestrial Globe hath all its Surface in LAND which discovereth it self in Two Continents whereof Ours or the most Ancient and Superiour containeth three great parts to wit Europe where are the Kingdoms or parts of Turkey in Asia Arabia Persia India China Tartaria Asia where are the Kingdoms or Countreys of Italy Turkey in Europe France Germany Low Countreys Poland Scandinavia Russia or Moscovia Africa where are the Kingdoms or Countreys of Rarbary Biledulgerid Egypt Sara or Desart of Saara the Land of the Negroes Guinee Nubia the Emperour of the Abyssines Zanguebar Congo Monomotapa Caffreria Spain The other or New and Inferiour is called AMERICA America Septentrionalis where are the Kingdoms of Canada or New France New Mexico New Spain America Meridionalis where are the Kingdoms of Peru Brazil Paragua Many Isles of which the most famous are About our Continent and part of Europe as those in the Mediterranean Sea the Western Ocean called the British Isles part of Asia as those of Japon the Philippins the Moluccoes Sonde Ceylan and the Maldives c. part of Africa as those of Madagascar or St. Lawrence St. Thomas Cape Verd the Canaries c. Between the one and the other Continent as the Azores About the other Continent and towards America Septentrionalis as those of Terra Neuves California the Antilles towards America Meridionalis the Magellanick Isles And in some Lands and Isles the most part unknown towards the one and the other Pole among the which are Groenland Izland c. Terra Australis Nova Guiney c. WATER which is found in SEA and which may be called Ocean about our Continent Oriental or Indian where are the Seas of China India Arabia Southern or Aethiopian where are the Seas of Barbaria or of Zangucbar Cafreria Congo Western or Atlantick where are the Seas of Guinee Cape Verd the Canaries Spain France Great Britany Northern or Frozen where are the Seas of Denmark Moscovy Tartaria Sea about the other Continents North-Sea or Seas of Canada or New France Mexico or New Spain Brazil Magellanick-Sea or Seas of Paraguay Magellanick Pacifick-Sea or Seas of Peru New Mexico Gulphs or Seas between the Lands of our Continent the Baltick Sea the Mediterranean Sea between the Lands of the other Continent the Gulph of Mexico the Gulph of Hudson Lakes or Seas in the midst of our Continent the Caspian Sea in the midst of the other Continent the Lake or Sea of Parime Streights to wit between the one and the other Contin of Anian between the other Contin and the J. M. of Magellan between Europe and Africa of Gibraltar RIVERS of which the most famous are In our Continent as In Europe the Tage the Loire the Rhine the Elbe the Danube the Boristene the Don or Tanais the Volga In Asia the Tigre and the Euphrates the Indus the Ganges the Quiam or Jamsuquiam the Oby In Africa the Nile the Niger In America Septentrional as the River Canada or St. Lawrence Meridional as the River Paria or Orinoque the River Amazones the River of Plates The Water in the surface of the Terrestrial Globe is for the most part in Seas and which may be called Ocean and about our Continent to wit the Indian or Eastern where are the Sea of China Indian Sea Arabian Sea Aethiopian or Southern wherein are the Sea of Barbary or of Zanguebar Sea of Caffreria Sea of Congo Western or Atlantick where are the Sea of Guinee Sea of Cape Verd Sea of the Canaries or Gulph of Yeguas Sea of Spain Sea of France Sea of Great Britain Northern Frozen or Scythick where are the Sea of Denmark or Mourmanskoi-More Sea of Moscovy or Petzorke-More Sea of Tartrria or Niaren-More Sea and about the other Continent to wit the North or Sea of Canada or New France Sea of Mexico or New Spain Sea of Brazil or North-Sea Magellanick or Sea of Paraguay Magellanick Sea Sea of Chili South or Pacifick or Sea of Peru or South-Sea Sea of California or New Mexico Between the one and the other Continent and towards the Artick Pole are the Archipelague of St. Lazare the Sea of Groenland Gulphs among which there where the Ocean washeth them and About our Continent are these Gulphs and Seas as the Gulph of Nanquin Gulph of Cochinchina Gulph of Sian or Cambogue Gulph of Bengala Gulph of Ormus and Balsora Gulph of the Red-Sea or Sea of Mecca Gulph of Aethiopia or St. Thomas Sea of Guascagne White-Sea or Bella-more there where the Mediterranean Sea entreth and within our Continent are these Gulphs and Seas as the Gulph of Lyon Gulph of Venice Archipelague or White-Sea Sea of Marmora Black Sea or Sea of Majeure Levant Sea there where the Baltick Sea entreth and within our Continent are these Gulphs and Seas as the Gulph of Bolnia Gulph of Findland Gulph of Rhiga Gulph of Dantzick Gulph of Lubeck there where the Sea washeth them and About the other Continent are the Gulph of Hudson Gulph of St. Lawrence Gulph of Mexico Gulph of Hondutas Gulph of Panama Streights among which there where the Ocean and the See washeth and About the other Continent are these Streights Seas c. as the Streight of Anian Sea of Vermejo Streight of Magellan Channel of Bahama Streight of Hudson Streight of Davis About our Continent are the Streight of Nassau or Vaygatz Pasâ— or Streight of Calaâ—is Streight of Bebelmandeâ— Streight of Mocandan Streight of Manar Streight of Malacca Streight of Sonde there where the Baltick Sea is and In our Continent are the Streight of
the Danube Northward about 2000 which large extent was the cause of its ruine and declension The Ancient Romans The Ancient Romans were a gallant People of a sound Judgment and a ready Wit well skilled in Arts and Sciences very covetous of glory of great Valour as by their subduing the chief part of the World who contrary to the custom of Invaders to sack and ruine Countries they taught the People Manners Literature c. The Romans were the first that wore the Purple Robe and the beginners of Triumphs they had excellent and stately Theaters and it was hold no disreputation to be an Actor It s fertility and Commodities This Country is so exceedingly furnished with whatsoever may be found useful for Man and the Soil so rich and fer tile in Grains Fruits Rice c. in some places having threo Harvests in one year that it is esteemed the Garden of the World The chief Commodities for Merchandize that this Country yieldeth are Silks both raw and wrought into several fabricks as Sattins Taffities Plushes Velvets Cloth of Gold and Silver Damasks Grograms Rashes Fustians Glasses Alom Armour excellent Wines Oils Saffron Anni seeds Argal Brinistone several Metals Olives Almonds Galls Kids-skins Lute strings Quicksilver Aloes Gold Thread Anchoves several Drugs c. The People of Italy The Italians are very ingenious respective and grave exceeding malicious if affronted much addicted to Women which are here allowed the liberty to make use of their own They are generally very jealous of their Wives so that they are denied the liberty of the Streets or the common view or society of men The Women are generally handsom witty and of a seeming modest behaviour it is observed of them that they are Saints in the Church Angels in the Streets Magpies at the Door Syrens in the Windows and Goats in the Gardens Their Language is very eloquent It s chief parts Italy may be considered in three principal Parts viz. Lombardy Italy particularly so called and Naples to which for a fourth may be added the neighbouring Isles in which said parts are divers Estates and Dukedoms all which are at large set down in the Geographical Tables and of these parts in order LOMBARDY Parts of Lombardy Lombardy is divided into the Higher and Lower in the Higher are the Estates of Piedmont which belongs to the Duke of Savoy of Millan which belongs to the Catholick King of the Commonwealth of Genes or Genoa and of Montferrat which belongs to the Duke of Mantoua yet the Duke of Savoy hath some part thereof And in the Lower Lombardy are the Estates of Venice of Mantoua Parma and Modena which have their Dukes and of Trent which hath its Bishop And in the one and the other Lombardy are several small Estates amongst which is that of Mirandola The Estates of PIEDMONT washed by the Mediterranean Sea is exceeding fertil though inferiour to other parts of Lombardy It is divided betwixt the Dukes of Savoy and Mantoua the River Tener separating their possessions It is very populous numbring about 160 walled Cities and Towns of which the chief is Turin Chief places which is the Palace and Court of the Duke of Savoy it is also dignified with the See of an Archbishop and an Vniversity where the famous Erasmus proceeded Dr. of Divinity 2. Aoste or Avost seated on the Northern limits of the Country 3. Verceili a Town of great strength bordering on Millan to which it did once belong 4. Saluzzo a Marquisate and Bishops See 5. Nizza or Nice a Sea-port Town and serveth for Turin and 6. Asti. And since we have before omitted it before we pass further let us repass the Alpes and speak of the Territories of this Duke on this side which is the Country of Savoy from whence he bears his Title Country of Savoy SAVOY adjoyning to Piedmont is a Country very Mountainous and full of narrow passages and consequently not very fertil It s chief City is Chambery or Cambreria the residence of the Duke when he is in these parts seated in a pleasant Valley amongst Mountains which are well stored with beautiful Houses belonging to the Gentry of these parts and next Turante which commands the passage into Italy It s other places of account are Thonon Cluse Beaufort Vgine Montiers Yenne Modane c. The Dutchy of MILLAN is rich in Natures gifts being seated in the best part of Lombardy affording great plenty of Grains Wines Oils and Silks and is said to have the best Rice in the World It hath for its chief places Chief places 1. Millan which notwithstanding its often spoils is said to be the greatest City of all Lombardy It is seated in a wide Plain wherein are no less pleasant than profitable Meadows and Rivers it is strongly fortified with a Wall and a spacious and almost impregnable Castle besides its Fortifications it is beautified with many splendid Ornaments the chief of which are its Vniversity its Hospital liberally endowed seated in an Isle almost two miles in compass and capable to give entertainment to about 4000 Sick persons Its Schools Nunneries and Churches which amount in all to 238 most of which are stately structures and beautified with curious Paintings Images of the Saints Sepulchres and several Religious Antiquities The whole City is about seven miles in circuit is exceeding populous very rich and of a great Commerce affording sundry good Commodities 2. Pavia seated on the River Tacinus honoured with a famous Vniversity of note for the Battel in which Francis the first of France was taken Prisoner by the Emperour Charles the Fifth who for his ransom was forced to release all his Title and interest to the Kingdom of Naples and this Dutchy of Millan 3. Cremona seated on the banks of the Poe first built in the beginning of the Punick War It is a place of good account hath a considerable Trade beautified with well built Houses with the conveniency of curious Gardens and hath large and well ordered Streets It is of most note for its high Tower and Cathedral Church where are to be seen many Relicks of Saints and curious Pictures 4. Como seated on a Lake so called which is about fifty miles in circuit on which the Citizens use to recreate themselves in Boats It is a City of good Antiquity and here it was that both the Plinys were born 5. Alexandria which from a poor Village through the often ruins of Millan is now become a fair strong and flourishing Town 6. Lodi 7. Tortona 8. Valenca and 9. Novara State of Genoua The State of GENES or GENOVA once very large but at present possesseth only Liguria in the Continent and the Isle of Corsica of which we shall speak in place more convenient The People are much addicted to Traffick and Vsury and here the Women are allowed the liberty of the Streets as also to accompany or discourse with Men which is forbidden them in other parts
Province of Angoumois ANGOVMOIS South of Guienne hath for its chief place Angoulesme Province of Berry BERRY very fertil and hath rich Pastures on which are fed abundance of Sheep of whose Wool the Inhabitants make store of Cloth It s chief places are 1. Burges dignified with a flourishing Vniversity 2. Issoudun 3 Chasteau Roux 4. Argentum and 5. Sancerre Province of Dutchy of Burgundy BOVRGOGNE or BVRGVNDY which is subdivided into several less parts hath for its chief places 1. Dijon built by the Emperour Aurelian proud in her Parliament and for giving birth to St. Bernard 2. Autun once the chief City in the Province and dignified with an Episcopal See 3. Beaune famous for its stately Hospital equalizing many Princes Palaces and these places are in Bourgogne particularly so called 4. Challon in Challonnois belonging to the House of Orange 5. Mascon in Masconnois where the Devil made his visits and disputes to a Minister which story is sufficiently known being at large treated of in a Book entituled the Devil of Mascon 6. Semur in Auxois and 7. Chastillon on the Seine in the Country of Montagne Several small Countries Adjacent to this Province of Burgundy are the Countries of Charollois Auxerrois Bresse Balliage Beugey and Veromey The chief place of CHAROLLOIS is Chorolles of AVXERROIS Auxerre of BRESSE Bourge a Town so well built and so strongly fortified that it is esteemed impregnable of BALLIAGE which bordereth upon the Swisses and Savoy Gex which is not far distant from Geneve and of BVGEY and VEROMAY bordering upon Dolphin and Savoy Belly which is a place of some account Province of Lionnois LIONNOIS hath for its chief places 1. Lions seated upon the conjunction of the Roane with the Soane by some esteemed the second City of France a famous ancient Mart Town and the See of an Archbishop who is Primate of all France 2. Treveux in the Sovereignty of Dombes Mombrizon in the County of Forez and 4. Ville Franche in the Country of Beaujolois Province of Auvergne AVVERGNE hath for its chief places 1. Bourbon the Archambaul 2. Molins seated on the Elaver of note for their neat Cases of Knives and Scissers both in the part or Country of Bourbonnois 3. St. Pierre le Montier in Nivernois 4. Cleremont the Seat of Vercingetorix who so bravely opposed Caesar 5. Riom 6. Monferrand 7. Vic le Comte and 8. St. Flour all in Auvergne particularly so called 9. Gueret and 10. Dorat in the Part of La Marche Government of Guienne and Gascogne In the Government of Guyenne and Gascogne are several Provinces and Countries in which are seated many good Towns and Cities In GVYENNE are 1. the Province of Saintonge whose chief place is Sainctes 2. Guienne which hath for its principal City Bourdeaux seated on the Banks of the Gerende famous for being the Birth-place of King Richard the Second at present honoured with an Vniversity and a Parliament It is a place of a very great Trade and plentifully furnished with divers good Commodities especially Wines and Paper 3. Prigort hath for its chief place Perigueux seated on the Banks of Ila 4. Agenois whose chief place is Agen 5. Limosin hath for its chief places Limoges and Brive 6. Quercy in which are seated Cahors a rich and beautiful City built on the ascent of a Hill and Montalbon scituate on the Garond a place of good strength and 7. Rovergue whose chief places are Rodez and Vabres Provinces in Gascogne In GASCOGNE are also divers Provinces which with its chief places are taken notice of in the Geographical Table of the four Governments beyond the Loire beginning with Guienne and Gascogne Province of Languedoc LANGVEDOC may be divided into three quarters in which are several parts In the higher Langnedoc are the Cities of Toulousa in Toulousan a fair large City though of no continuance and is a place of a considerable Inland-trade 2. Alby in Albigeois 3. Castellan darry in Auraguais and 4. Foix in Foix. In the lower Languedoc are 1. Narbone the first Colony planted by the Romans next to Carthage out of Italy 2. Aleth 3. Limouth all in Narbone 4. Beziers 5. Agde and 6. Pemenas in the quarter of Beziers 7. Montpellier esteemed the healthfullest place for a pure Air in all France 8. Nismes and 9. Beaucaire all in the quarter of Nismes In the other part called Sevennes are 1. Mende in the quarter of Gevaudan 2. Le Puy in Velay 3. Viviers and 4. Vzes in the part of Vivarais Province of Daulphine The Province of DAVLPHINE is watered with the Roane and other Rivers and honoured with the title of the Princes of France It may be divided into three great parts which are subdivided into others viz. in the part or quarter towards the Roane are the Parts and Cities of Vienne in Viennois of some esteem for its excellent Sword-blades here made 2. Valence a fine City watered with the Roane 3. Romans 4. St. Marcellin 5. Crest and 6. Montelimar all in the higher and lower Valentinois and St. Pol Trois Chaux in the part of Tricastin In the quarter in the midst of the Province are 1. Grenoble in Grisivanden 2. Die in Diois and 3. le Bujiz in Baronies And in the quarter towards the Alpes 1. Embrun in Embrunois 2. Gap in Gapensois and 3. Brianson in Briansonnois Province of Provence PROVENCE washed by the Mediterranean Sea hath for its chief places towards the Roane Arles a Town well fortified by Henry the Fourth and Tarascon Upon the Sea 1. Marseille once a Colony of the Phoenicians commodiously seated on the Mediterranean shoar enjoying an excellent Haven and Road for Shipping which renders it a place of a considerable Trade and is well frequented by Merchants 2. Thollon the best Sea-port Town on the Mediterranean in all France having a capacious and safe Haven and is well resorted unto by Merchants 3. St. Tropes 4. Grace and 5. Vence In the midst of the Province are 1. Aix honoured with a Parliament 2. Salon 3. Apt and 4. Riez And towards the Alpes are Sisteron Digne Senez Glandeeve c. To the Province of PROVENCE doth belong the Country of Avignon and the Principality of Orange In Avignon are many walled Towns and some Cities the chief of which is Avignon a fair City seated on the Roane famous for being the ancient Seat of the Popes till removed to Rome This City is worthy of observation in that here is said to be 7 Parish Churches 7 Monasteries 7 Nunneries 7 Inns 7 Palaces and 7 Gates to its Walls as also for being made a Vniversity Principality of Orange In ORANGE are several good Towns and Cities the chief of which is Orange seated on the Meine of note for the wonderful and excellent Antiquities that are here to be seen and this Country belongs to the Prince of Orange To the twelve Governments we ought to add LORRAINE where are the Cities
Dukedom of Holstein HOLSTEIN or HOLSATIA a woody low and Marshy Country is severed into the Parts of Holsatia especially so called Wagrie Stormarch and Dilmarch HOLSTEIN or HOLSATIA hath for its chief places 1. Kiel seated on a navigable Arm of the Baltick where it hath a large Haven being a Town of a good Trade 2. Rendesborg said to be the strongest Town in all the Province 3. Wilsted and 4. Nienmunster WAGRIE hath for its chief places 1. Lubeck an Imperial and free City enjoying the priviledges of a Hans-Town it is pleasantly seated on the confluence of the Billew and on the North-banks of the Trane severing it from Germany and empty themselves into the Baltick being capable to receive Ships of a great burthen which they lade and unlade at Tremuren the Maritim Port at about a miles distance it is built on all sides upon a rising Hill on the Summit whereof is placed a fair and beautiful Church called St. Maries being the Cathedral from whence on an easie descent there are Streets which lead to all the Gates of the City which afford a fair prospect to the Eye besides which it is adorned with 9 other Churches one of which being a decayed Monastery is converted to an Armory to keep their Ammunition for War It is about 6 miles in compass encircling within its Walls divers fair and uniform Streets beautified with good Brick-buildings is very populous and well inhabited by Citizens and Merchants who drive a considerable Trade on the Baltick Seas But this City as also Hamburgh is esteemed rather part of Lower Saxony in Germany where I have also treated of them 2. Segeberg 3. Odesloe 4. Niestad and 5. Oldenborg STORMARCH hath for its chief places 1. Hambourg an ancient City built by the Saxons since made an Imperial City enjoying the Priviledges of a Hans-Town seated on the North-banks of the Albis which divides it from Germany of which it is reckoned a part or member and there treated of in the description of the Lower Saxony to which I refer the Reader 2. Krempe seated on a River of the same name which emptieth it self into the Store a strong and well fortified Town being reckoned for one of the Keys of the Kingdom 3. Bredenberg a Town of great strength belonging to the Rantzoves 4. Gluckstade seated on a Bay or Creek of the German Ocean and therefore well fortified to command the passage up the Elbe and 5. Tychenberg seated on the Elbe being so well fortified that it is now held the strongest Town in this Kingdom DILMARCH or DITMARCH hath for its chief places 1. Meldrop seated on the Sea a place of some account and the chief of the Province 2. Heide and 3. Lunden a Haven Town seated on the Eider which rising in this Peninsula here emptieth it self into the Ocean The BALTICK ISLES THese Islands which are between Juitland and the Coast and farther in the Baltick Sea are in number 35 and are so called as being dispersed in these Seas The Baltick Sea begins at the narrow passage called the Sound and interlacing the Countries of Denmark Poland Germany and Sweden extendeth to Livonia and Lithuania The reason according to the Opinion of many why this Sea which is so large doth neither ebb nor flow may be as well from its Northern scituation whereby the Celestial influences have the less predominancy as also from the narrowness of the Streight which receiveth the Ocean The chief of these Isles I have set down in the Geographical Table of this Kingdom of which a word or two and first with Zeland ZELAND anciently Codanonia from the Codani its Inhabitants Zeland the Isle is very fertil the greatest and of most importance of any in the Baltick to the King of Denmark as lying not above three miles from the main Land of Scandia which narrow Streight is called the Sound through which all Ships must pass that have any Trade into the Baltick all paying to the said King a certain Toll according to the bigness or Bills of Lading by which ariseth a great Revenue unto him and for the security of this passage there are built two exceeding strong Castles the one in this Isle called Cronenberg and the other in Scandia called Hilsemberg of which more anon In this Isle are 7 strong Castles and 13 Cities or walled Towns the chief of which are 1. Copenhagen or Haffen the chief of the Isle seated near the Sea having a commodious Port it is built orbicular of a good strength being defended by a powerful Castle its Houses are but meanly built yet it hath a spacious Market-place and is dignified with the residence of the King for the Winter season whose Palace is built of Freestone quadrangular but of no great splendor as also with the only Vniversity in the Kingdom 2. Elsenour seated on the Sea side of it self but a poor Village were it not for the great resort of Sea-men in their passage through the Sound into the Baltick this being the place where they pay their Toll and in this Village is the stately and well fortified Castle of Cronenburg built in the very Ocean and bravely resisting the fury of its Waves now the ordinary residence of the King being a pleasant prospect into the Sea on the South-side of this Castle is a large and commodious Road for Shipping 3. Roschilt once a rich City now only famous for being the Sepulchre of the Danish Kings where in the Cathedral Church they have their Tombs it is also dignified with the See of a Bishop 4. Fredericksbourg a Fortress built in a pleasant Plain often visited by the King in his retirement where he hath a delightful House seated in a Park 5. Warborg 6. Ringstede 7. Holbeck 8. Slages c. FVINEN or FIONIE seated betwixt Zeland and Juitland Fuinen and almost joyning to the Main-land it is of a fextil Soil and pleasant scituation being in length about 12 Dutch miles and 4 in breadth It s chief places are 1. Osel or Ottonium so called from Otho the Great who founded here an Episcopal See seated in the midst of the Isle from which the other Towns are of an equal distance which renders it very commodious for Traffick it is not large having but two Churches and its Buildings are neat and ornamental enough 2. Niborg 3. Swinborg 4. Kartemunde 5. Woborg and 6. Ascens all or most of them seated on some convenient Creek or Haven FIMERA a very fertil and well peopled Isle Fimera and here it was that Tycho Brache the famous Mathematician built an Artificial Tower in which are or were many rare Mathematical Instruments its chief place is Petersborne of some importance to the King of Denmark ALSEN a small Isle appertaining to the Dukedom of Sleswick Alsen is very populous contains 13 Parishes and 4 Towns viz. Osterholme Gammelgard Norbarch and Sunderburg dignified with the residence of the Duke of Sleswick TVSINGE a very small Isle Tusinge and of
the generality of an unfertil Soil as to the Moorish part yet not without a sufficiency of Corn Cattle Fish Fowl Coals Flax c. The Eastern part is very Mountainous and full of stony barren and craggy Hills being the habitation of Foxes Conies and some Otters but where the ground is plain and Champain it is very grateful to the Husbandman except some moist and unwholsom places which they call Mosses which are not unlike Irish-bogs from which the Inhabitants are supplied with Turf for Fuel and throughout the County there is great store of goodly Cattle which are there sold at easie races The Air of this County is sharp and serene but very healthful to the Inhabitants It is very well watered with Rivers amongst which are the Mersey Irwel Roch Irke Dugless Tarrow Ribel Derwent Codar Lune Brochwyre Keere Kent Dudden c. with the Sea which watereth its Western parts together with the Meers it aboundeth in Fish and Fowl The ancient Inhabitants were the Brigantes and when the Saxons became Masters of the Isle it was part of the Kingdom of the Northumbers Although there are but 61 Parishes in the County yet it is very populous the Parishes being large containing within them several Chappels of Ease which may be reckoned as Parishes in other Counties And amongst these Parishes there are 27 Market Towns many of which are large well frequented and traded unto Lancaster Lancaster a place of good antiquity pleasantly seated on the River Lune over which it hath a fair Stone-bridge sustained by 5 Arches It is at present indifferent large containing though but one Parish Church which is large and fair yet several well ordered Streets and graced with good Buildings the chief amongst which are its Church Bridge Market-house or Town-hall where the Major and his Brethren keep their Courts and Castle seated on the top of the Hill now made use of as a Prison for the County and where the Assizes are kept And although the Shire Town yet it is not much frequented nor inhabited by Tradesmen but chiefly by Husbandmen as lying in a good Soil but its Market which is on Saturdays is well served with Corn Cattle and Provisions especially Fish and chiefly with Salmon It is a Town Corporate governed by a Major 2 Bailiffs 6 Brethren 24 Burgesses 2 Chamberlains a Recorder c. and amongst its Immunities electeth Parliament men Manchester Manchester seated betwixt the Irke and Irwel and upon a stony Hill a Town of great antiquity being the Fort and station of the Romans and at present is large beautified with fair Buildings the chief amongst which are its Colledge Market-place and Collegiate-Church which is very ornamental is well inhabited much resorted unto and enjoyeth a considerable trade for most Commodities but chiefly for its Linnen and Woollen-Cloths also for its Cottons known by the name of Manchester Cottons which are held in great esteem and its Market on Saturdays is very considerable for the above-said Commodities as also for Provisions Opposite to Manchester on the other side of the River is Salford a pretty large Town with a Chappel of Ease Warington Warington seated on the Mersey over which it hath a curious Stone-bridge which leadeth to Cheshire It is a fine large Town much resorted unto by Welshmen is of note for its Lampries and hath a considerable Market for Linnen-Cloth Corn Cattle Fish and Provisions on Wednesdays Lerpool Lerpool or Leverpool commodiously seated on the East-side of the goodly River Mercy where it affords a bold and safe harbour for Ships which hath much advanced its Trade being inhabited by divers wealthy Merchants and Tradesmen whose Traffick especially into the West Indies makes it famous its scituation affording in greater plenty and at reasonabler rates than most parts of England such exported Commodities proper for the West Indies as likewise a quicker return for such imported Commodities by reason of the Sugar-Bakers and great Manufactures of Cotton in the adjacent parts this Town having intercourse of Traffick with Ireland and divers considerable Counties in England The chief Commodities that this Town affordeth are Corn Butter Cheese Beef Pit-Coal White Salt from Cheshire Silver and Gold Watches Lead Saddles Shoes Bees-Wax all sorts of Nails and Iron Tools and for Flesh Fish Fowl and all sorts of Provisions its Market on Saturdays is sufficiently well provided with It is an ancient Borough and Corporation sending two Representatives to Parliament 't is governed by a Major Bailiffs Aldermen Recorder Town-Clerk and Common-Council consisting of 40 Burgesses It is of late at the great charge and industry of the Family of the Moors of Bank-ball beautified with many goodly Buildings to the great enlargement of the Town there being Streets that entirely beat their name Wigan seated on the Douglass a large and well built Town Corporate Wigan is governed by a Major Bailiffs and Burgesses hath the election of Parliament men enjoyeth a good Trade hath two Markets weekly on Mondays and Fridays for Meal and Provisions is much inhabited by Brasiers Pewterers Dyers Weavers of Rugs Coverlids and Ticking for Bedding and is of note for its Fuel called Cannel being the choicest Coal in England Preston a large fair well built and inhabited Preston and frequented Borough Town where the Court of Chancery and Offices of Justice for the County are held It hath the election of Parliament men and is governed by a Major Baileffs Burgesses Recorder and other sub-Officers It is seated on the Rible over which it hath a fair Stone-bridge and for the accommodation of its Inhabitants hath weekly 3 Markets viz. on Wednesdays Fridays and Saturdays which is the chief and very considerable for Corn living Cattle Provisions and several other Commodities in great plenty Cartmel seated near the Sea and amongst the Hills called Cartmel-Fells Cartmel It is beautified with a very fair Church built Cathedral-wise in form of a Cross and hath a very good Market on Mondays for Corn Sheep and Fish Dalton seated in a Champain Country in the lower Farness Dalton Here is an ancient Castle now belonging to his Grace Christopher Duke of Albemarle wherein is kept the Records and Prisoners for Debt for the Liberty of Farness It hath a Market on Saturdays which is very well served with Corn Cattle Fish and Fowl County of Leicester described LEICESTERSHIRE a Champain Country and but thinly clothed with Wood which defect is supplied by the great plenty of Pit-Coal digged up in the Northern parts which is called the Would and although barren breedeth store of Cattle It s South-west and North-east parts are of a good Soil for Tillage and Pasturage and its South-east part is exceeding fertil having rich Pastures and produceth all sorts of Grain especially Pease and Beans It is well watered with Rivers as the Stour or Sour Trent Wreke Weeland Sence Eye c. It is severed into 6 Hundreds for Divine worship hath about 200
and frequented Town enjoying large Immunities and sendeth a Burgess to Parliament It is governed by a Major 2 Bailiffs 15 Common Councellors a Town Clerk and other sub-Officers and hath a considerable Market for Corn and Provisions on Saturdays Chepstow Chepstow seated on the side of a Hill which is washed with the Wye near its fall into the Severn a Town formerly very famous and of great resort being said to be raised out of the ruins of Venta Silurum the chief City of the Silures It is a large well built inhabited and frequented Town and hath a Market on Saturdays which is very good for Corn and Provisions and very considerable for Swine Carlion or Caerleon an ancient and flourishing City of the Romans Carlion which is evidenced by the ruins of its stately Buildings as Palaces Temples and Theaters enclosed within fair Walls the Water-pipes Vaults Hot-houses and Roman Coins oft digged up And here the Noble Arthur kept his Court and here was a famous Colledge for 200 Students in Astronomy and other the liberal Arts and Sciences This Town which is indifferent large is commodiously seated on the banks of the Vske over which it hath a large wooden Bridge yet its Houses for the generality are built of Stone and its Market which is but indifferent is on Thursdays Vske seated on a River so called a large Town uske beautified with well built Stone-houses and hath a very good Market on Mondays and Fridays Abergavenny seated at the meeting of the Vske and the Keveny Abergavenny once a place of great strength It is a large Town hath well-built Houses enjoyeth a good Trade for Flanels and Straw-Hats here made in great plenty and its Market which is on Tuesdays is very considerable for Cattle Provisions c. County of Norfolk The County of NORFOLK is of a different Soil but may be comprised under two heads to wit Champain and Wood-land yet notwithstanding about the Towns it is of a Claiey Chalkey and fat Earth and not without Wood. That which is comprised under the head of Champain is along the Sea-Coasts and from Thetford to Burnham and so Westwards and affords great plenty of Corn and on the Heaths great flocks of Sheep are fed The Wood-land part is chiefly for grasing yet not without Corn ground The ancient Inhabitants known to the Romans were the Iceni and afterwards became part of the Kingdom of the Angles The Commodities that this Country plentifully affordeth are Worsteds Stockings Norwich Stuffs and Herrings The chief Rivers that water this County are the Owse Waveny Yare and the Thryne It is generally well inhabited with Gentry is very populous and full of Towns and Villages numbring 660 Parish Churches which are the most of any County in England and is traded unto by 27 Market Towns Norwich a City of great antiquity Norwich and formerly of as great splendor when the Seat of the East Angles since which it hath undergone several calamities by Fire Sword and Pestilence and notwithstanding all its shocks of Ill fortune it is at present a fair large and populous City and enjoyeth a great Trade especially for their Stockings Stuffs and Manufactures here made It is commodiously seated on the banks of the Yare which severeth it but is joyned together by several Briges and in a pleasant Valley It is about a mile and half in length and almost of the like breadth and is encompassed with a Wall except on the side seated on the River and hath 12 Gates for entrance and for Divine worship 32 Parish Churches bisides Chapels It s chief buildings are the Cathedral the Bishops Palace the Palace of the Duke of Norfolk the Market-house the Cross and the House of Correction made of Free-stone Here is an Hospital where 100 poor Men and Women are maintained This City may not improperly be called an Orchard in a City or a City in an Orchard by reason of the pleasant intermixture of the Houses with Trees It was first governed by 4 Bailiffs but in the Reign of Henry the Fourth it was incorporated into a Majoralty and made a County whose limits extend to Eaton-Bridge It enjoys several Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament and is the See of a Bishop Its Markets on Wednesdays Fridays and Saturdays are very great and well stored with Corn living Cattle Leathen Yarn Worsteds and all sorts of Provisions Lynn Lynn or Lynn Regis seated almost at the influx of the Owse into the Washes a fair large and well-built Borough Town numbring 3 Parish Churches of good antiquity enjoying ample Immunities which were granted them for their good service against the outlawed Barons in the Isle of Ely It is governed by a Major 12 Aldermon hath a Recorder Sword-Bearer and other sub-Officers sendeth its Representatives to Parliament for its defence is encompassed about with a Wall and a deep Trench is well watered having 2 Rivulets which run through the Streets which are passed over by 15 Bridges It is well inhabited by Merchants and Tradesmen having a commodious Haven and its Markets on Tuesdays and Saturdays are well served with Commodities and Provisions Yarmouth Yarmouth seated on the Yare at its influx into the Sea It is a place of great strength as well by Nature as Art being esteemed the Key of this Goast The Town is large yet hath but one Church but that is so large that it serveth for two Ministers Its Buildings are good it is a place of a great resort is well inhabited and traded unto and the more as being the ready passage to Holland for the Packet-Boat and other Vessels About this Coast great abundance of Herrings are caught in September and as great quantities of Mackerels in the Summer season It is a Town Corporate having for its chief Magistrates 2 Bailiffs it enjoyeth several Immunities and sends Burgesses to Parliament It s Market is on Saturdays which is very great for Corn Fish and Provisions Windham Windham seated in a dirty bottom hath an indifferent good Market for Corn and Provisions on Fridays but chiefly for Stockings Wooden-Spoons Yapps and Spindles which are here made and sold by the Inhabitants in great abundance Swasham Swasham seated on a Hill a large and well built Town full of Inns end well inhabited by Shopkeepers who drive a good trade It s Market which is on Saturdays is very well served with Corn and Provisions being esteemed one of the best Market Towns in the County North Walsham North Walsham seated in a level not far from the Sea a fine Market Town which on Thursdays is well provided with Corn Flesh and other Commodities County of Northampton described NORTHAMPTON an Inland County of a fat and rich Soil both for Tillage and Pasturage every way recompencing the Husbandmans pains and industry both for its excellent Grain and for feeding and breeding of store of Sheep Horses and Cattle insomuch that here is observed to be less wast
of the Dutchy of Lancaster and hath a Market on Saturdays Doncaster seated on the Done and on the great Road to London Doncaster an ancient Town of good Antiquity once defended by a Castle now reduced to ruins and in Anno 759 this Town suffered much great part with its Cittadel being consumed with Fire but was rebuilt with a fair Church erected in the place where the Cittadel stood It is a large well-built and inhabited Town Corporate governed by a Major and Aldermen enjoyeth a good Trade especially for Stockings Knit-Waistcoats Petticoats and Gloves and hath a very good Market for Corn Cattle and Provisions on Saturdays Selby honoured in giving birth to King Henry the First seated on the Owse Selby which gives passage for small Vessels to York which doth occasion it to be a Town of some Trade and hath a good Market for Provisions and Merchandize on Mondays Ponfract very delightfully seated in a dry tract of ground Pontfract a neat Town Corporate beautified with good Buildings was once strengthned with a strong and stately Castle which was demolished in the late Wars It is governed by a Major and Aldermen sends Burgesses to Parliament and hath a very great Market for Corn Cattle Provisions and divers Country-commodities on Saturdays Wakefield seated in a large Lordship so called having its Steward Wakefield It is a large Town of good antiquity beautified with well built Stone-houses it is a place well known for its Clothing here made and hath a great Market on Thursdays and Fridays for Cloth Corn Provisions and divers Country-commodities Leeds seated on the Are an ancient Town Leeds where the Kings had formerly their Royal Palace and here Oswy King of the Northumbers put to flight Penda the Mercian It is a large and well built Town Corporate governed by a Major and Aldermen with sub-Officers electeth Parliament men is very well inhabited especially by wealthy Clothiers who drive a great Trade for their Cloth and hath two considerable Markets on Tuesdays and Saturdays which are well traded unto for Corn Provisions Woollen-Cloth and divers good Commodities Knaresbrough Knaresbrough delightfully seated on the Nid and on a ragged rough Rock on which is seated a Castle It is a well-built Town Corporate electing Parliament men and hath a good Market for Corn and Provisions on Wednesdays Nigh unto this place in a Moorish boggy-ground ariseth a Spring of Vitrioline tast and odour and not far off is also a Sulphur-Well which is good for several Diseases here is also a droping petrefying-Well which turns Wood Moss c. into Stone Rippon Rippon feated between the Yore and a Branch thereof over which are two Bridges It is a place of good antiquity and of much same for its Religious Houses but especially for its stately Monastery built by Wilfrid Archbishop of York It is at present a large and well-built Town Corporate governed by a Major and Aldermen hath the election of Parliament men the Town is well inhabited by Gentry and its Market which is on Thursdays is very great for Cattle Corn Provisions and chiefly for Wool which is much bought up by the Cloathiers of Leeds This Town is beautified with a very fine Cathedral Church with a lofty Spire-Steeple and in this Church was St. Winfrids Needle a place famous in our Fore-fathers days being a narrow Hole in the close Vaulted-room under ground in which place as 't is reported but not Recorded for Truth Womens Honesty was used to be tried for according to the story those that were Chast could easily pass through but the kind-hearted Souls were by an unknown means held fast and could not pass through WALES THE Island of great Britain in ancient time was severed into three Parts the first fairest and greatest contained all within the French Seas the Rivers of Severn Dee and Humber and was called Lhoyger which name in Welsh it still retaineth and in English England The second took up all the Land Northwards from the Humber to the Orkney Isles and was called Mare Caledonium or Deucaledonium and now Scotland And the third lying between the Irish Seas the Rivers of Severn and Dee was anciently called Cambria and now Wales to which the Britains being outed of their Country were forced to retire and there fortified themselves The Bounds This Country of Wales is bounded on all sides by the Sea except towards England from which it is severed by the River Dee and a Line drawn to the River Wye but anciently it was extended to the River Severn Eastward for Offa King of the Mercians forced them to quit the Plain Countries beyond that River which now is called the Marches of Wales and to betake themselves to the Mountains which he caused to be separated from England by a great Ditch called Offa's Dike in Welsh Claudh Offa in many places yet to be seen which Dike beginneth at the influx of the Wye into the Severn and reacheth unto Chester which is about 84 miles where the Dee disburthens it self into the Sea And over this Dike by a Law made by Harald no Welshman was permitted to pass with a Weapon upon pain of losing his Right hand Very Mountainous and Barren The whole Country is Mountainous and Barren yet affordeth several good Commodities and is not without many fertil Valleys which bear good Corn and breed great abundance of small Cattle with which they furnish England as also with Butter Cheese Woollen-Cloths called Welsh-Frizes Cottons Bays Herrings both White and Red Calve-skins Hides Hony Wax c. and the Country is well stored with Quarries of Free-stone for building and Mill-stones as also hath Mines of Lead Lead-Oar Coals and some of Silver and Tin And these Commodities are generally brought to Shrewsbury Oswestre Bristol Worcester and other adjacent parts and thence dispersed into England It s Ancient division About the year of Christ 870 Rodericus Magnus King of Wales divided this Country into three Regions Territories or Talaiths which were so many Kingdoms to wit Gwineth Venedotia or North-Wales and this part he gave to Anarawd his eldest Son Deheubarth or South-Wales which he gave to Cadelh his second Son and Powis or Powis-Land which he gave to Mervin his third Son and in each of these three Kingdoms he appointed a Royal Palace as at Aberffraw in the Isle of Anglesey for North-Wales at Dynefar or Dynevowr-Castle not far from Carmarthen for South-Wales and at Matravan in Montgomery-shire for Powis-Land Present division But at present according to Act of Parliament made in the Reign of King Henry the Eighth it is severed into two Parts to wit North-Wales and South-Wales both which have as it were devoured all Powis-Land and in each of these parts there are 6 Counties in the North those of Anglesey Caernarvon Denbigh Flint Merioneth and Montgomery and in the South those of Brecknock Cardigan Carmarden Glamorgan Pembroke and Radnor Again Wales like unto
on Tuesdays but now disused Prestaine seated on the Lug and in a pleasant and rich Vale which from a small Village in former days is now become a fair large and well built Town Prestaine with paved Streets is well inhabited and frequented where the Assizes are held and the County Gaol kept and its Market which is on Saturdays is very good for Provisions and Grain especially Barly of which they make good store of Mault Knighton seated in a Valley and on the Teme over which it hath a Bridge Knighton a very fair and well built Borough Town of a good resort whose Inhabitants enjoy a good Trade and its Market on Tuesdays is very well served with Cattle Corn Provisions Iron-ware Hops Salt Linnen and Woollen and other Commodities The Kingdom of SCOTLAND as it is divided in Firm Land where are thirty fiâ—e Provinces to wit Thirteen beyond the TAY which with the Province of LORNE made the ancient Kingdom of the SCOTS whereof Five are towards the NORTH and WEST as Strath-Navarn â—trabubaster Tounge Gathanes Giâ—â—ego Wick Sutherland Dornok Dunrobiâ— Rosse Skyrassin Cromarty Canonry Lovet Loquabrea Kyntaile Innerlethey Eight towards the EAST and SOUTH as Murray Elgin Invernes Forres Rothes Bean Narden Badgenoth Bucquhan Rothemay Stanes Marria Aberdean New Aberdone Kildrumy Mernis Fordon Dumnotyr Brechin Anguis Monross Dunde Glammes Forfar Perth Perth Scone Dunkeldon Athole Blaire Braidalbin Encerlothea Twenty two on this side the TAY which except the County of LORNE made the ancient Kingdom of the PICTS whereof Nine are towards the Gulph of DUNBRITTON as Lorne Dunstafâ—ge Tarbart Bergonum Cantyr Swin Sandell Arran c. Arran Rothsay Argile Duwwin Lennox Dunbriton Cuningham Yrwin Androssan Largis Kilwein Kyle Ayre Uchiltre Carrickt Bargeny Blaquhan Galloway Witherne Wighton Kiâ—koubrick Cardines Six towards the Gulph of EDINBURGH as Fife St. Andrews Cupre Disert Kinghorne Strathnaverne Abergeny Menteith Dumblain Clackmannan Striveling Sterling Linlithquo Linlithquo Falkirck Lothien Edinburgh Dunbar Leith Haddington Dalkith Seven in the Valleys towards ENGLAND as Cluydesdale Glasquo Lanrick Hamiltown Reynfraw Douglasdale Nithesdale Dumfreis Solway Anandale Anan Lochmabain Liddesdale Harlay Eskdale Aefica Teifedale Peblis Seltkirck Drimlar Roxburgh Yedburg Merch Hum. Coldingham ISLES which make three Bodies viz. those of ORCADES to the North of SCOTLAND Mainland Kirkewall SCHETLAND to the N. North-east of ORCADES Mainland Burgh INCH GALLES or Western Isles To the West of SCOTLAND among the which are Lewis Sterwaye Skye Tranternes Eust St. Maria. Ila Dunweg Sura Sodore Mulla Arrois Colm-kill Colm-kill Rawghlin Dowaneny The Kingdom and Isle of IRELAND hath formerly been divided into four Kingdoms which are at this day as many Provinces which are subdivided into Counties and thus scituated viz. Towards the NORTH the Province of ULSTER where are the Counties of Dunagall or Tyrconnell Donegal Derry or London Derry Calebeâ—k Tirconnel Upper Tyroen Strebane Lower Tyroen Dungannon Colrane Colrane Antrim Knoekfergus Antrim Downe Downe Newry Sâ—rangford Arglass Louth Trodaugh Dundalke Carlingford Ardeth Armagh Armagh Mountnorris Monaghan Clogher Churchland Cavan Cavan Kilmore Fermanagh Baltarbet Towards the SOUTH the Province of MOUNSTER where are the Counties of Tipperary or Holy-Cross Cassile Holy-Cross Clomel Caryck Emeley Lymerick Lymerick Kilmalock Kerry Dingle Ardart Trayley Desmond Donekyran Downbay Corke Corke Kinsale Ross Voghall Cloney Watersord Watersord Dungarvan Ardmor Lismore Towards the WEST the Province of CONNAUGHT where are the Counties of Majo Killaloy Refraine Slego Slego Dundroes Dunbroyle Galloway Galloway Kilmaculo Clonford Kingstown Clare or Twomond Clare Kylaloe Kilfenerog Toam Rosecoman Rosecoman Atlon Omacoghlan Elphin Letrym Letrym Mewkerke Achonry Towards the EAST the Province of LEINSTER where are the Counties of Dublin Dublin Newcastle Houth Malcheal Wicklo Glandelour Malehid East Meath Trim Aboy Slane Galtre West Meath Molingar Delvin Kelskery Longford Longford Ardragh Kildare Kildare Mainoth Athie Carbre Kings County Philipstown Lee. Queens County Queenstown Rheban Caterlough Caterlaugh Carickbrak Areklo Wexford Wexford Ross Ternes Eniscort Kilkenny Kilkenny Thomas Town Callan SCOTLAND It s scituation THE Kingdom of SCOTLAND maketh the Northern part of Great Britain and is divided from England by the Rivers Tweed and Solway Ancient Inhabitants together with the Cheviot-Hills A Country formerly inhabited by the Picts who were divided into two Nations viz. the Dicalidonii and the Vecturiones but when the Scots became the chief Rulers as Mr. Cambden noteth it was shared into seven Partâ— Ancient division and amongst as many Princes The first contained Enegus and and Maern the second Atheold and Goverin the third Stradeern with Meneted the fourth Forthever the fifth Mar with Bucken the sixth Muref and Ross and the seventh Cathanes which Mound a Mountain in the midst divideth running on forward from the West Sea to the East It was also according to the relation of Andrew Bishop of Cathanes severed into seven Territories which Mr. Cambden also taketh notice of as followeth The first from Frith or Scotwade to the River Tae the second to Hilef according as the Sea fetcheth a compass to the Mountain Athran in the North-east part of Strivelin the third from Hilef to d ee the fourth from Dee to the River Spe the fifth from the Spe to the Mountain Brunalban the sixth Mures and Ross and the Seventh the Kingdom of Argathel which is the Border of the Scots Modern division and its Inhabitants But the Kingdom at present according to the habitation of the People may be divided into Highland-men and Lowland-men or into the Northern and Southern parts The People of the former live either on the Western Coast and are very rude having much of the nature disposition speech and habit of the Tories or wild Irish or in the out Isles and are utterly Barbarous The Lowlanders as bordering on England have much of the disposition civility language and habit of the English and are supposed to be descended from the Saxons which is confirmed by the Highlanders who are the true Scoti and are supposed to descend from the Scythians who with the Getes infesting Ireland left their Issue behind them It s extent This Kingdom is very spacious extending it self from North to South about 250 miles in length and in breadth where broadest about 150 but contracting it self narrower and narrower as it approaches its extream Northern limits as doth appear by the Map It s name It is said to have been called Scotia from Scoti Scitti or Scythi a People of Germany over whose Northern limits the name Scythia did extend although there be many that will have it to be so called from Scota Daughter to an Egyptian Pharaoh It s fertility and commodities Although this Kingdom is less fertil than England and its Fruits not so plentiful nor so pleasing to the palate occasioned through the coldness of the Clime yet is it found to have great plenty of Cattle though but small and for Fish and Fowl an innumerable quantity amongst which is a
most exposed to the North to wit Pontus Bithynia Galatia and Cappadocia by the appellation of Rumla The more Meridional parts they call Cottomandia which are Lycia Pamphilia and Cilicia The Little Asia Minor which is on the Archipelago hath no other name than that of Anatolia But all these Names are little known amongst them much less those which are attributed to the lesser parts of Anatolia The Turks division of Anatolia The Turks divide it into four Beglerbeglies which are as our Lord Lieutenancies under which are 35 or 34 Sangiacats which are as our particular Governments The Beglerbeglies are of Anatolia of Caramania of Toccat and of Aladuli The two first compose all the Western part of Anatolia the two last all the Eastern part The Beglerby of Anatolia hath under him eleven or twelve Sangiacks The Beglerby of Caramania hath only seven or eight he of Toccat likewise seven or eight and he of Aladuli five or six The Cities where the Beglerbies keep their residence are Cuitage or Cutage formerly Cotyaeum for him of Anatolia Cogna once Iconium others put Caesaria once Caesaria penes Anazarbum for him of Caramania Amasia which keeps its ancient name and sometimes Trebizonde formerly Trapezus for him of Toccat and Maraz for him of Aladuli But to proceed to the Provinces of Anatolia The Province of Pontus described PONTVS is a Country of a large extent and taketh up all the length of Anatolia and was by the Romans anciently separated into four parts viz. Polemoniacus Pontus Galaticus Pontus Cappadocius and Metapontus or Pontus especially so called POLEMONIACVS hath for its chief places Nixaria formerly Neo-Caesarea which is the Metropolis Zela enlarged by Pompey and called Megalopolis Barbanissa and lastly Sebastia so called in honour of Augustus whom the Greeks called Sebastos a place for strength very considerable and contended against Tamerlane which was no sooner taken by him but to satisfie his Revenge he caused most cruelly to be buried alive in great Pits about 12000 Men Women and Children Nigh to this City is Mount Stella where Pompey gave Mithridates his fatal overthrow Here Mithridates had his overthrow This Mithridates was a great and eminent King of Pontus who for 40 years withstood the Romans not more excellent in War than in Learning and Memory who spake 22 several Languages who invented that Counter-poyson from him named Mithridate who at last by the Rebellion of his Son and the Valour of L. Sylla Lucullus and Pompey was vanquished where Pompey upon a small Island at the entrace of the Euxine Sea erected a Pillar which at this day bears his name and is by the Inhabitants shewed to Strangers as a memorial of his Victories in these parts In this part of Pontus on the rise and fall of the River Thermodon and on the Banks thereof the Amazons a sort of Warlike-Women were here said to reside so called either because they used to cut off their right Breasts which otherwise would be an impediment to their shooting or because they used to live together They were at first Scythians and accompanied their Husbands to these parts about the time of the Scythians first coming into Asia in the time of Sesostris King of Egypt These People held a great hand over the Themiscyrin who inhabited this Region and the Nations round about them and at last by Treachery were murthered A short account of the Amazonian Women who here inhabited but their Wives being grievously angred as well through Grief and Fear as Exile and Widdow-hood set upon the Conquerors under the conduct of Lempado and Marpesia who not only overthrew them but also much added to the largeness of their Dominions and for a considerable time continued in great reputation The Names of the chiefest of the Amazon Queens were Lampedo Marpesia Ortera Antiopa and Peuthesilea who with a Troop of gallant Virago's came to the Aid of Priamus King of Troy who at last was slain by Pyrrhus Son to Achilles These Amazons in matters of Copulation used to go to their neighbouring Men thrice in a year and if it happened that they brought forth Males they sent them to their Fathers but if Females then they kept them and brought them up in the Discipline of War and Courage Chief places in Pontus Galaticus PONTVS GALATICVS is Eastward of Pontus its chiefest Cities are viz. 1. Amasia remarkable for the Martyrdom of St. Theodorus also being the Birth-place of Strabo the famous Geographer and in these latter times for being the residence of the eldest Sons of the Grand Signior fent hither as spon as circumcised who are not to return till the death of their Father It is a great City about 4 days Journey from the Black-Sea 2. Themiscyra now Favagoria seated on a large Plain near the Sea 3. Diopolis remarkable for the great Overthrow Lucullus gave to Mithridates 4. Sinope of note for being the Birth and Sepulchre of Mithridates 5. Castamona the chief City of the Isfendiars which for strength and scituation is by them preferred before Sinope Chief places in Pontus Capadocius PONTVS CAPADOCIVS hath for its chief places viz. 1. Cerasâ—s from whence Cherries were first brought into Italy by Lucullus after he had finished his War with Mithridates 12. Pharnacia built by Pharnaces a King of Pontus 3. Trebezond the Metropolis of the Comneni famous for the Trade of Fish caught by the People on the Euxine-shoars here salted and then transported in great quantities to Constantinople Cassa and elsewhere In this City did anciently reside the Deputies of the Grecian Emperours for the security of the Out-parts against the Incursions of the Persians and now is the place of such Gallies as by the Grand Signior are appointed for the scouring and securing their Trade on the Coasts of the Euxine Sea The chief places of Metapontus METAPONTVS whose chief places were 1. Flaviopolu so called in honour to Flavius Vespasianus 2. Claudiopolis in honour to Claudius Emperour of Rome 3. Juliopolis in honour of the Julian Family all which are Mid-land Towns 4. Diospobis of grent resort on the Euxine Sea so named from a Temple consecrated to Jupiter 5. Heraclia a Colony of the Phocians remarkable for being the Seat of a Branch of the Imperial Family of the Comneni But above all is Tocat a good fair City built at the foot of a very high Mountain spreading it self round about a great Rock that is in the midst of the Town on the top of which is seated a Castle with a good Garrison It is well inhabited by Armenians Greeks Jews and Turks who have the command thereof its Houses are well built but its Streets are narrow and amongst its Mosques there is one very stately Here the Christians have 12 Churches hath an Archbishop under whom are 7 Suffragans Here are two Monasteries for Men and two for Women the greatest part of the Christians are Tradesmen and generally Smiths this is the
remaining nothing but Ruins Four miles from which there was another City built by Lysimachus one of Alexanders Captains which from other Cities there adjoyning was peopled by him called Alexandria or Troas Alexandria or New Troy in honour of Alexander the Great who begun the Work which though not so great rich and famous as the first yet was the Metropolis of the Province but now by the Turks quite ruinated by their carrying the Stones and Pillars to Constantinople for the beautifying of their Bashaws Houses 3. Sigaeum the Port-Town to Troy 4. Assus called by Pliny Apollonia in which place the Earth will consume the Bodies of the Dead in 40 days 5. Lyrnessus opposite to the Isle of Lesbos destroyed by Achilles and the Greeks in the beginning of the Trojan War The Province of Paphlagonia and its Cities PAPHLAGONIA hath for its chief Cities 1. Gangra remarkable for a Council there held in the Primitive times called Synodus Gangrensis 2. Pompeiopolis so called by Pompey the Great And 3. Coniata or Conica fortified by Mithridates when he was Master of this Country The Province of Lycaonia and its chief places LYCAONIA bounded on the East with Armenia Minor The most eminent places in this Country are 1. Iconium now Cogni the Regal Seat of the Aladine Kings a place of great strength whose scituation is in the Mountains advantagious for defence and safety 2. Lystra famous for the Birth-place of Timothy and where Paul and Barnabas having healed a Cripple were adored for Mercury and Jupiter And 3. Derbe where the said Apostle preached The Province of Pisidia and its chief places PISIDIA hath for its chief places 1. Seleucia built by Seleucus 2. Sagalassa scituate in the most fruitful part of this Country 3. Selge a Colony of the Lacedemonians And 4. Termessus strongly seated This Country was famous for the Battel fought betwixt Cyrus and Artaxerxes where Cyrus lost his life and the Victory out of which Xenophon made that notable Retreat with his Grecians in the despight of 20000 Men which pursued him Armenia Minor and its Cities ARMENIA MINOR is bounded on the East with the Euphrates which separates it from Armenia Major Cities of hote viz. 1. Meteline the Metropolitan City now called Suur abounding in great quantities of Wine and Oil. 2. Nicopolis built by Pompey in remembrance of a Victory he there obtained against the Forces of Tygranes King of Syrid 3. Garnasa a strong Town 4. Oromandus and 5. Arabyssus remarkable for the exile of St. Chrysostom Patriarch of Constantinople confined here by the malice of the Empress Eudoxia This Country as to its fertility pleasantness c. is the same as Cappadocia afore-mentioned The Province of Mysia and its chief places MYSIA hath for its chief places 1. Cyzicus seated in the Propontis in an Island of the same name but so near the Continent that it is joyned to it by two Bridges The Metropolis of the Consular Hellespont a place of great strength and beauty whose Walls Bulwarks Towers and Haven were made of Marble 3. Adramyttium where Paul took Shipping to go to Rome And 4. Pergamus seated in a goodly Plain on the Banks of the River Caicus a place of great strength beautified with a Library of about 200000 Volumes or Manuscripts all writ in Parchment famous also for those costly Hangings known to us by Tapestry Here was one of the 7 Churches of Asia to which St. John writ his Revelation and lastly famous for the Birth-place of Galen the eminent Physician who lived to the Age of 140 years in good health Mountains in Anatolia worthy of note The Mountains and Rivers in Anatolia may have somewhat in particular observed of them Mount Taurus begins between Lysia and Caria and extends it self all the length of Asia being a continual Ridge of Hills running through Asia from West to East which for its length height and the branches it casts forth on one side and the other the greatest and most famous Mountain in the World On Mount Ida the Trojan Paris judged of the Beauty of Juno Pallas and Venus and giving the Golden Apple to the last drew on himself and his Friends the enmity of the other two On the Mountain Tmole in Lydia Midas having esteemed Pan's Pipe to be more pleasant than the Harp of Apollo was by him pulled by the Ears not to make them greater but so hard as gave occasion to the Poets to jeer him and say that he had Asses Ears This Mountain is very fruitful especially in Vines and Saffron On Cragus was feigned to be the Monster Chimera which Bellerophon made tractable On Latmus in Caria passed the Loves of the Moon and Endymion c. Amongst the Rivers Rivers Pactolus hath rouled down so much Gold in its Streams since Midas washed there that the Riches of Croesus and others are come from thence The Granick was witness of the Victory of Alexander the Great against the Satrapes of Darius but Alexander washing himself in the cold waters of Cidnus had near lost his life The River Acheron and the Lake Acherusia near Heraclia in Bithynia are esteemed to reach to Hell and that this way Hercules brought up the Villain Cerberus Halys at present Lali served for the bounds and limits between the Kingdom of Croesus and the Empire of the Persians but it proved fatal to Croesus c. Things worthy of note in Asia Minor There are many other things observable about and within the lesser Asia The Bosphorus of Thrace or Channel of the Black-Sea or Streight of Constantinople is so narrow that Darius Hystaspes built a Bridge over it and passed with his Troops over it from Asia into Europe to make War against the Scythians Xerxes the Son of Darius did as much over the Hellespont or Streight of Gallipoli or the Dardanelles which we call the Castles of Sestos and Abydos which are seated three Leagues above the entrance and at the narrowest place of the Hellespont opposite each to other Formerly famous for the unfortunate Loves of Hero and Leander drowned in the merciless Surges Here also Xerxes whose populous Army drank Rivers dry and made Mountains circumnavigable is said to have passed over into Greece on a Bridge of Boats Sestos is strongly seated on the side of a Mountain descending to the Sea on the European shoar Abydos on a low Level on the Asian shoar The Amaniden Streights or Passes of Mount Aman between Cilicia and Syria are easie to keep the Way for about 2500 Paces being between Rocks and Crags the Feet of which are washed with many streams which fall off from the Mountains Here it was that Alexander the Great vanquished Darius The ISLANDS about ASIA MINOR THe ISLANDS about ASIA MINOR have been very remarkable to Antiquity though not so at present Islands They are almost in the Archipelago some in the Mediterranean Sea almost none in the Black Sea yet at the entrance into that
9. Episcopia where Apollo had both a Temple and a Grove This Temple was held so Sacred that those which touched it were thrown into the Sea The scituation fertility and Commodities of Cyprus This Island is seated under the Fourth Climate which makes the longest day to be but 14 hours and a half It is exceeding rich and fertil abounding in Corn Wine Oil Silks Cotton Turpentine Wool Hony Salt Verdigreace Alum Storax Colloquintida Laudanum All sorts of Metals c. To this Isle as to all other parts of Turky no English are suffered to Trade except those of the Company of Levant Merchants where they have a Factory and a Consul who is generally elected by the said Levant Company and established by the Ambassador The People are very civil to Strangers The People of Cyprus delighting in Hospitality also addicting themselves to War being strong and active and the Women were in former times given to unchastity by reason of their so great adoration of their goddess Venus it being the custom of these Women to prostitute themselves on the Shoars to Passers by where their Virgins would do the same But upon their receiving of Christianity by the Preachings of St. Paul and Barnabas being the Birth-place of the latter this with other of their uncivil and barbarous Customs were laid aside This ANATOLIA or ASIA MINOR which I have hitherto treated of is seated for the most part all in a healthful and temperate Air the Soil being generally fruitful once very populous and replenished with many fair and goodly Cities now lamenting the loss of about 4000 some of which by Earthquakes but most by the Wars the Turks brought against them The Commodities or Merchandizes which it abounds with Commodities in Asia Minor and communicates to other Nations are chiefly excellent Wines Goats-hair Camels-hair Grograin Yarn Silk Cotton Wool Cotton Yarn Cloth of a course make Coral Gauls though not so good as those of Syria Grograins Chamlets Mohairs Turky-Carpets Spunges Turpentine the best in the World Mastick with some other Commodities of less note which the English French Venetians and Dutch fetch from hence but chiefly from Smyrna it being the chief Town of Trade being a flourishing Factory where those Nations as hath been said before keep their Consuls SOVRIA or SYRIA Its Bounds SOVRIA formerly SYRIA the Great and at present Soristan with the Eastern People is near hand that which the Romans called their Diocess of the East as may seem by our now calling it the Levant It extends from the Mediterranean Sea which washes its Western Coast to the Euphrates which on the East divides it from Diarbeck and from Mount Aman or Monte-Negro which bounds it on the North and separates it from Cilicia unto Arabia and Egypt which border on its Southern parts The Ancients have divided it into three principal Parts the particular Syria called Syria Propria which as the greatest and best held the name of all Phoenicia and Judaea or Palestine This last stretcheth more towards the South Its Parts or Division by the Turks Syria towards the North and Phoenicia remaineth in the middle and all are along the Mediterranean Sea from Anatolia into Egypt the particular Syria alone touches the Euphrates the rest upon Arabia At present the Turks divide all Syria into two Beglerbeglies Aleppo and Damascus some make a third of Tripoli of Syria and give to this last five Sangiacats nine or ten to Damascus and seven to Aleppo which in all are 16 or 20 Sangiacats whose Names and Scituations are for the most part unknown we will content our selves to speak something of the Cities which have been or which yet are the principal of all these Quarters beginning with those of Syria SYRIA PROPRIA Syria Propria its bounds fertility and people SYRIA PROPRIA is bounded on the East with the River Euphrates and on the West with the Mediterranean Sea It is very fertil affording plenty of excellent Fruits Cotton-Wool Sheep which have Tails that weigh about 30 pounds with several other good Commodities The People were formerly very industrious but much addicted to Gluttony as did appear by their often and great Feasting they were subtle in their dealings much given to Superstition being worshippers of the goddess Fortune and other of their Syrian goddesses much addicted to Plays and Pastimes and given to Scoffing and Laughter It s chief places The chief Places in this Country are 1. Antioch or Antiochia once the Metropolis of Syria once so fair that it held the third or fourth degree amongst the best Cities of the Roman Empire Its Walls are yet standing and the most beautiful that Eye ever beheld within it is nothing but Ruins It s scituation is on the River Orontes so called at present Assi or Haser four Leagues from the Mediterranean shoar a place of great strength having for its Fortification an enchosure of two strong Walls on which for their further defence were erected about 460 Towers together with a strong Castle The City before its Ruins being adorned with stately Palaces Temples c. fit for so great a City being formerly the Seat of some of the Roman Emperours and of the chief Officers of their Empire in the Orient It was the first Seat of a Patriarch that St. Peter established and which held in the Infancy of the Church 1. The Diocesses of Thrace Asia Pontus and the East 2. Daphne about five miles from Antioch so named from Daphne one of the Mistresses of Apollo who was here worshipped famous for having here his Oracle and Grove which was about 10 miles in compass all encompassed with Cypresses and other Trees so tall and close together that the Beams of the Sun could not dart through though in his greatest power watered with pleasant Streams beautified with Fountains and enriched with abundance of Trees which yield variety of excellent Fruits as well for tast as tincture for its Temples dedicated to Apollo for its Sanctuary or Asyle and for the place where Daphne was changed into a Laurel that it hath been compared with the Valley of Tempe in Thessaly 3. Aleppo built upon four Hills at present is the greatest and principal Town of all Syria and one of the most famous of the East being the ancient Hierapolis having large Suburbs which are for the most part taken up by Christians It is seated between the Euphrates and the Mediterranean Sea and in that place where that Sea and the Euphrates make the nearest conjunction which makes it capable of the best and greatest commerce of the World to wit of all the Levant with the West by the passage of the Gulph of Ormus and Balsora which brings Commodities up the Euphrates just against the City of Aleppo from whence the Caravans bring them by Land to Aleppo and carry them from thence to Alexandretta or Scanderoon scituate on the Mediterranean Sea and thence into the parts of Asia Africa and Europe which
they read in a strange tone and sing as bad during the time of their Service their heads are veiled with Linnen fringed with Knots answerable to the number of their Laws and observing a continual motion of their body to and fro and often jumping up which they account for great zeal in their devotion they observe much reverence to all the names of God but especially to Jehovah insomuch that they do never use it in vain talk Their ancient Language was Hebrew they keep their Sabbath on Saturday in which they are very strict they marry their Daughters at the Age of 12 years as not affecting a single life The fertility of the Country This Country is so fertil in all things that it was termed a Land flowing with Milk and Hony adorned with pleasant Mountains and luxurious Valleys enriched with pleasant Streams and where the Inhabitants are neither scorched with Heats nor pinched with Colds To speak of all the memorable transactions that have happen'd in this Country would require a Volume by it self I shall only run over some of the chief and then proceed to the description of some of the Cities and Places of most note that are found therein It is famous for bringing our Saviour Jesus Christ into the World where he wrought so many Miracles but infamous for their horrid action of crucifying him Memorable Transactions in this Country the Lord of Life Here it was that the Lord appeared to Jacob here out of the Plains of Moab the Ark was built of Sittim Wood here on Mount Tabor Christ was transfigured on Mount Moriah Isaac was to be sacrificed on Mount Sion was the Tower of David on Mount Calvary as some aver was the Burial-place of Adam our Forefather Here over the Brook Kedron David passed in his flight from Absalom over which our Saviour when he went to his Passion passed Here runneth the River of Jordan sufficiently famous nigh to which stood the Cities of Sodom and Gomorrha Here at a place called Endor Saul consulted with a Witch near to Sichem Jacob had his Wells Here at Ashdod in the Temple of Dagon the Ark of the Lord was brought when taken upon the entrance of which their Idol fell down Here at Hebron is the Plain of Mamre where Abraham sitting in his Tent was visited by God from Heaven in the likeness of a Man this City he bought for a Burial-place for him and his Posterity where Sarah his Wife was first interr'd And on Mount Seir was the habitation of Esau after his departure from Canaan I shall cease to trouble the Reader with the mentioning of many more remarkable Passages which were here transacted but only refer them to the Books of the Old and New Testament where they shall find them recorded also great satisfaction may be received from Josephus a Book of good repute This Country is at present possessed by the Turks as Masters of it but inhabited by Moors Arabians Greeks Turks Jews nay I may say with People of all Nations and Religions But setting aside matters of History let us proceed to say something of the principal places found herein and first with Jerusalem Jerusalem its chief Places Jerusalem is so well known in the Holy Scriptures that we must confess it hath been not only one of the greatest but one of the fairest Cities in the World being called the City of the Lord. Its Kings High-Priests Temple and Royal Palaces have made it famous even amongst the remotest people Its circuit was onto 50 Furlongs which are only 6250 Geometrical Paces but so well builded that it was capable of the receiving of 150000 Families It s Temple and Palaces especially those of Solomon were the fairest greatest and most magnificent which ever eye beheld Its Gates Walls Towers Ditches cut out of the Rock and its scituation in the Mountains made it seem impregnable This City once sacred and glorious elected by God for his Seat placing it in the midst of Nations like a Diadem crowning the head of the Mountains the Theater of Mysteries and Miracles was once the glory of the World but its Pride and other horrid Sins in the end lost it divers times Nebuchadonozor was the first that ruinâ—d it Pompey contented himself to dismantle it of its Walls and to fill up the Ditches Vespasian and Titus Caesar utterly razed it and destroyed in the place 1100000 People that were assembled to the Pass-over Adrian ruined likewise some Towers and Walls which had been left to lodge the Roman Garrison and after caused a new City to be built partly on its ancient Ruins and partly without them But with the divers changes it hath since fallen under its beauty and magnificence is quite decayed Yet is it not so lost but that there are several Places yet remaining worthy of note together with several others that were since built as on Mount Calvary where Christ the Saviour of the World was Crucified there is a rich magnificent and large Temple built by the vertuous Helena Daughter to Coilus a British King and Mother to Constantine the Great which not only possesseth the Mount but also all the Garden below where his Sepulchre was and in this Temple there are several rich Structures as one where Christ was imprisoned before his Crucifixion another where Christ was nailed to the Cross another where he was Crucified also one where the Sepulchre was the Altar of the Holy Cross the Altar of the Scourging the Chapel of the Apparition the Chapel of the Angels the Chapel of the division of his Garments the Chapel of St. Helena who built this Temple the Chapel of St. John the Sepulchre of Joseph of Arimathea under ground together with several others too long to recite To this place there is a great resort as well of Protestants as Papists though for sundry ends which brings a great Revenue none being permitted to enter without paying some Mony which the Jews here inhabiting do Farm of the Grand Signior at a large yearly Revenue and so become Masters thereof making a great profit by shewing them to Strangers which come hither from all Nations Several other places are yet remaining as the Castle of the Pisans the Monastery of the Franciscans the Church of St. James the Church of St. Mark where once stood his House a Mosque where stood the House of Zebedaeus a Chapel where stood the House of St. Thomas the Church of the Angels where the Palace of Annas the High-Priest stood the Church of St. Saviour where the Palace of Caiphas stood the Court of Solomons Temple yet remaining but in the room of the Temple a Mosque Near about Jerusalem there are several places of note yet remaining as in the way between Jerusalem and the City of Bethlem there are the Ruins of Davids Tower the Tower of Simeon Bathsheba's Fountain the Cistern of Saget the Monastery of Elias Jacobs House the Sepulchre of Rachel the Cistern of David the House of Joseph the
or Gorgora answers to the ancient Getara which the Greek Text in Ptolomy writes Gagara and both the places are on the Sea they have been and may possibly yet be rich and Merchandizing Chipicha is farther up in the Land and was the ancient Chabala COMMANIA Commania and its bounds A Bove Georgia lies COMMANIA little known by the Ancients and less at present Mount Caucasus bounds it on the South and separates it from Georgia the River Don or Tana is its Northern limits and parts it from Muscovia the Euxine or Black Sea and the Sea of Zabaque or Tana doth wash it on the West and divides it from the petty Tartars the Caspian Sea or the Sea of Taberestan lies to the Eastward of it and gives it Traffick and Communication with Persia and Tartaria It s length and breadth This Region may have 300 Leagues of length from the Streight of Vospero unto the River Volga which are its extream bounds from East to West and about 100 from North to South It s People The People pass all under the general name of Circasses which the Polonians call Peint Zeorstki that is the Inhabitants of the five Mountains They are free having some Chiefs or Governours and living very near after the manner of Switzers in Europe hiring themselves to War sometimes to the Turks their Neighbours on the Black Sea sometimes to the Tartars or Moscovites which are next them on the Sea of Zabaque and River Don and sometimes likewise to the Soldan of Persia who is their Neighbour on the Caspian Sea They have been Christians of the Greek Churches but with many Superstitions at present for want of Teachers many let themselves fall to Mahumetism others to Idolatry They are warlike nor care they for fortifying their Towns confiding in their Arms and in the scituation of their Country At their Funerals the Relations and Friends of the Deceased scarifie their Flesh prostrating themselves on the ground and tear their Hair If a man have no Children by his Wife he may take others to raise up Issue and Women are allowed their Gallants and the more she hath the more she is respected which proceeds from her handsomness Beauties being admired by them and this is no disgrace to her Husband as amongst us and if the Man or Woman cannot agree they are parted The People for the generality are of an excellent Complexion especially the Women All the Country People are slaves to the Lord of the Village where they live and are employed to till his ground and other services it s ancient People the Amazons But the People of these Quarters have been much more famous formerly under the name of Amazons for this was their true and natural Country from whence they came and made their incursions into divers parts of Europe and Asia They had Soveraignty in Colchida in Albania in Cappadocia in Asia the Lesser in Cilicia in Syria and did in divers places build many fair Cities as Themiscyra in Cappadocia and on the Euxine Sea Mirlea in Bithynia and on the Propontick Pytane Myrina and Cuma on the Coast of Aeolia likewise Ephesus Smyrna and Pyrene On the Coast of Ionia these two Quarters Aeolia and Ionia being on the Aegean Sea Mitelene in the Isle of Lesbos and Paphos in the Isle of Cyprus who made themselves known in those Wars they sustained against Hercules near Themiscyra against Theseus near Athens whither they carried the War against the Greeks before Troy whither they went in favour of Hector against the Persians and other People in divers occasions Some of them made their abode at Themiscyra others at Alope which was afterwards called Ephesus and others at Zeleja not far from Troy To conclude the Ancients have spoken so many wonders of them that the least of them have passed for Fables It may be believed that some Estates in these Quarters being fallen under the Government of Women their Husbands being deceased and their Children young or for some other reason these Women administred the publick Affairs with so much conduct and generosity both in Policy and War that they excelled the greatest part of Men from whence the Greeks according to their ordinary custom took occasion to speak things not only beyond the Truth but all that came nigh to Truth And so much for Turky in Asia ARABIA which may be considered in LAND with its three Parts as they lie Between the RED-SEA and Gulph of BALSERA and ORMUS as HYAMAN GEMEN or ARABIA the HAPPY Medina Chaibar Algiar Egra Soquia Mecca Ziden Nageran Dhafar Magara Zerzer Cubid Gilan Zibith Sanaa Mechlaf Atherda Aden Abin Odeida Laghi Almacharama Saada Fartach Agiaz Caxem Gubit Dolfar Pescher Nerbante Guebelhaman Alibinali Calhar Cor Tybi Dayma Curiac Spalheiro Cueva Cerique Hor Calajaoe Mascates Sohar Orfacan Doba Mocandon Mirabat Masfa Syr or Sour Mascalat Jemen Zirisdin Lalach Elcatif Bahar Ahso Manabon Fararan Jamama Borani Near PALESTINE or the HOLY LAND as BARRAAB or ARABIA the STONY Madian Medava Sur Thara Herat of old Petras Moab Bussereth St. Catherine Near CHALDEA and the EUPHRATES as BERIARA or ARABIA the DESART Anna Mexat-Ali Mexat Ocem Sumiscasac Sukana Faraa Kadhema Anna Abadon Tangia Thaalabia Remala Maaden Alnocra ISLES adjacent as they lie In the PERSIAN GULPH or GULPH of BALSORA and ORMUS as Baharem Manama Oulximi Cori. Tome Andrani Quaro In the SOUTHERN OCEAN as Mazira Mazira Curia Muria In the RED-SEA or Sea of MECCA as Tincce Camaran Camaran Decor Zaiban Turach Muchi Monte Marzoan Genaman Chifale Cajas â—ENERALL Mapp of ARABIA with the Red Sea and Circumiacent Lands Designed by Monsieur Sanson To the Rt. Honorable William Viscount Brouncker of Lyons and Baron Brouncker of New Castle in the Kingdome of Ireland This Mapp is humbly DD. by R.B. ARABIA Arabia Its Bounds ARABIA hath for its Eastern Limits the Persian Gulph and Chaldea for its Southern the Ocean for its Western the Red Sea and some part of Egypt and for its Northern Limits the River Euphrates together with some part of Palestine Arabia hath been well known both to the Ancients and at present They commonly divided it into three parts Baraab It s Paru or Arabia the Stony which lies near the Holy Land Berjara or Arabia the Desart near to Chaldea and the Euphrates Hyaman or Gemen or Arabia the Happy which advances it self between the Red-Sea which separates it from Africa and the Gulph of Ormus which divides it from Persia into the Indian Ocean And this part is the greatest the richest and best inhabited of all Arabia the Stony and its chief places Arabia the Stony hath for its chief places 1. Petra now called Herat which signifies a Rock whereon it was built with an advantagious scituation a place of great strength and much noted as well in prophane History as Holy Writ 2. Bostra now called Bâ—sesereth rebuilt after its former Ruins by Augustus Caesar a City of great Antiquity and
their Summer Much Rain in July August September and October and that is their Autumn Fresh Weather or little heat in November December January and February which is their Spring For Winter they have none One of their principal Revenues comes from Salt which alone yields 1800000 Pagodes or so many Crowns Their other Revenues are drawn from several Commodities amongst the rest Diamonds of which all above 5 Carats belong to the Prince nor dare any keep them on pain of death BISNAGAR or NARSINGVE The Estates of Bisnagar and its Parts SOuth of Decan and Golconda are the Estates of BISNAGAR otherwise NARSINGVE these two places being the principal ones of the Realm Narsingue not far from the Port of Paleacate about the midst of the Coast of Choromandel Bisnagar towards the Mountains of Gate and near Canara The whole Estate is divided into three principal quarters and these 3 quarters into 7 Kingdoms and extends it self on two different parts of the Indian Sea on the Gulph of Ganges or Bengala towards the East and on the Gulph of Indus or Cambaya towards the West On this side the Coast is 65 Leagues long in the other 250. The three principal quarters are called CANARA BISNAGAR and CHOROMANDEL Canarâ— occupies all the Western Coast between the Estates of Decan and Malabar Bisnagar and Choromandel hold all the Eastern Coast the last towards the Coast of the Peschery and Isle of Ceylan and the first towards Golconda Canara hath the Kingdoms of Onor and Baticala on the Sea and that of Borsopa farther in the Land which stretches to the Mountains of Gate Bisnagar hath the Kingdoms of Tienlique and Bisnagar Choromandel those of Choromandel and Tamul The chief Cities and Fortresses Onor Baticala and Gorcopa are the capital Cities each of their Kingdoms the two first to one the last subject to a particular King but all Tributaries to Bisnagar Those four on the East and Gulph of Bengala are immediately subject to the King of Bisnagar except that the Portugals hold Maliapur and Negapatan But moreover the Estates of the Naicques of Tanjaor of Gingi and of Madure are esteemed to be of Bisnagar because they make part of it and are likewise at present Vassals and Tributaries of the King of Bisnagar Formerly these Naicques were only Governours of the Quarters they at present possesse these Governours revolting and each seising his Government The Kings of Bisnagar having long made War upon them to reduce them to their duty They in the end remained Naicques that is Hereditary Lords and absolute over those Quarters paying some Tribute to the Kings of Bisnagar The City of Gingi is esteemed one of the greatest and fairest of India in the midst of which is a Fortress and in that Fortress a Rock almost inaccessible they give likewise to this Naicque the City of Cindambaram after it Chistapatama and on the Coast of Choromandel Coloran the Princes of Trinidi and Salavacca are subject to him The Naicque of Tanjaor hath his Estate between those of Gingi and Madure and near the Port of Negapatan which belongs to the Portugals Besides Tanjaor and Castan in the Upland the Cities of Triminapatan of Trangabar and of Triminavez belong unto him The Naicque of Madure besides Madure his capital City and a very fair one holds almost all the Coast of the Pesoheria and the little Isle of Manar near Ceylan This Coast extends from the Cape of Comori unto the Cape of Negapatan viewing in the Ocean the not far distant Isle of Ceylan And the name of the Pescheria hath been given it by reason of the Pearls which they yearly fish there for about the end of March and the beginning of April and this Fishing endures only 15 or 21 days there being then about 50 or 60000 Persons employed either to fish or to keep the Fishermens Vessels from trouble These Pearls are exposed to sale in July August and September Tutucori and Manancor are the best Cities of this Coast which is of 75 Leagues length where there is about 25 Cities The people of Paravas are mixed along the Coast and live in some form of a Republick paying some rights to the Naicque of Madure and these are they that fish or the Pearls this fishing being all the riches of the Country which of it self is neither fertil nor pleasant but dry and scorched The King of Bisnagar very powerful Yet is the King of Bisnagar very powerful formerly marching against the Idalcan it hath been accounted that he had in his Army 40000 Horse 700000 Foot and 700 Elephants His chief City is Bisnagar or Visnagar a City very beautiful seated in a temperate Air and by reason of the fertility of the Country about it which brings forth sundry Commodities naturally besides the industry and ingenuity of the Inhabitants in several Manufactures but especially in their fine Cotton-Linnen which they make of divers colours and interwoved with several sorts of Loom-works and flowers which are esteemed better than Silk Also the goodness of its Haven hath made it a place of as great Commerce as any City on the Coast of Choromandel An English Factory at Musulipatan though at Musulipatan the English have settled a Factory both for the providing and lading hence the Commodities of the Country more by reason of its scituation than for the goodness of place it being of no beauty nor grandure its Houses being low and ill built and its Streets not many and those that are narrow and ill contrived but above all it is seated in a barten Soil by reason of the extraordinary Heat which here rages from March to July them from July to November the great Rains and Winds which reign continually so that their Temperate weather is but from November to March Vincent le Blanc saith That the City of Bisnagar is able to set forth 100000 Horse next to it Narsingue on the side of a little Hill towards the Sea Tripity not far from Chandegry and Cangevaran not far from Maliapor or St. Thomas Trivalur is famous for the great number of its Idols Cirangapatan is between Chandegry and Mangalor which is on the Coast of Canara the Fortress of Vellur between Chandegry and Narsingue was the Kings Court in 1609. All the Country is healthful rich and fertil in Corn and Fruits The fertility temperature c. of the Country breeding store of Cattel and Fowl and Diamonds are found in the Mountains of Gate near Chandegry and in other places quantity of Amethysts and white Saphirs They have all sorts of Beasts both tame and wild their Elephants are docil their People healthful and well disposed but not couragious The Pepper of Onor is esteemed the most weighty and the best of all these quarters the Portugals lade from thence 7 or 8000 Quintals a year Baticala a Port of Rice of several sorts different both in price and goodness the black Rice is esteemed more healthful and better than the white
others call them Kingdoms under Sian the two first Kingdoms are tributary to Sian They have nothing particular above Patane to which they are all united The chief City of Patane takes its name from its Kingdom so called The City of Patane and its Trade seated on the Sea-side betwixt Malacca and Siam Its Houses are well and handsomly built either of Timber or Canes The Palace Royal is encompassed with a Pallisado and its Mosques are made of Brick This City as also the whole Kingdom is very populous and enjoying a good Trade It s People are inclined to a Swarthy brown complexion well proportioned ingenious using Arts especially Navigation but above all great lovers of Women The Country affordeth most of the Indian Commodities by reason of which it hath a good Trade The City of Malacca and its Trade Malacca a City and Kingdom is at present the most famous of all those which of the Peninsula we have comprehended under the name of Malacca It hath been subject to the King of Sian A particular King had made himself Master of it before that the Portugals entred the Indies the Country remaining still to the Kings of Sian That which hath made this City great rich and powerful though the Air be unhealthful and the Soil almost barren is the advantage of its scituation being seated on the River Gasa which is about 3 Leagues broad and in the center of the firm Land and of all the Islands of the East Indies commanding a Streight which is the Key which makes it the Staple of all the Indian and China Commodities by reason of which it is a place of great Traffick and very populous containing about 12000 Families besides Strangers Its Houses are low and not over curiously built and the Streets narrow the City is about 2 miles in length and of half the breadth being a place of good strength and defended by a strong Wall and Castle is watered by the River Gaza and the chiefest place of pleasure is the Buzzar Before and nigh to this City are the Islands by the Portugals called Ilha de Naos and Ilha de Pedra The usance of divers Nations of the Indies hath so fashioned the Malayois Language that it is the best and most elegant of all others Arbor tristis a great rarity Among the Rarities of Malacca or rather among the wonders of the World may be counted Arbortristis or the Sad Tree which bears Flowers only after Sun set and sheds them so soon as the Sun rises and this it doth every Night throughout the whole year These Flowers are almost like to but faireâ— and more odoriferous than Orange Flowers Some of these Trees have been transported and brought as far as Goa and some other places of the Indies but no care could ever preserve them unto Europe The Provinces of thin Kingdom of SIAN are very populous The People of Sian their habit disposition c. especially those which have the benefit of the Sea or navigable Rivers but inhabited by different People but for the most part well proportioned of a Swarthy complexion more addicted to Venus than Mars ingenious but lazy unconstant and deceivers Their habit is a painted Cloth which they wear about their middle and hangeth down to their knees besides which the Men wear short Shirts and the Women cover their Breasts with a piece of Linnen which they tie about their Necks all observing one fashion the Persons of Quality being only known by their attendance Their Marriages Burials and other Ceremonies are much the same as those aforesaid they bring up their Children very well instructing them in Arts by which according to their abilities they are advanced to preferment In their Punishments they are severs and different Their Arms. according to the nature of the crime His Army doth consist of his own Subjects in the nature of our Trained-Bands which are to be ready upon all occasions and not of a standing Army Their Arms are Bows and Arrows Swords Pikes and Bucklers they have no Fire-Arms their Horse is not good their chief strength consisting in their Elephants The Kings of Sian absolute Monarchs are rich powerful and live in great state The Kings of Sian are esteemed absolute Monarchs in their Dominions making and breaking Laws as they please imposing Taxes on their Subjects punishing condemning and seising the Estates of those who speak or act contrary to their minds make War and Peace as often as they please These and the like actions he doth of himself without consent of any yet he hath a Council which are his Nobles of whom he will hear their Opinions and Advice but act as best pleaseth him He hath but one Wife who bears the title of a Queen but hath many Concubines In his Apparel and Attendance he is very magnificent and stately not stirring abroad without great pomp by reason of which as also through his austerity he hath great veneration shewed him His Revenue is very great he bestoweth his Honour or Preferment on those who best please him not regarding Birth and Education it being not hereditary For the administration of Justice most Cities have their Jurisdictions and Judges This great Kingdom is not in all places alike for in some parts it is covered with Wood in others Mountainous and to the Sea-side Marshy Flat and Fertil affording divers and rich Commodities as aforementioned and being plentifully furnished with Rivers Bays and Harbours for the conveniency of Shipping COCHIN-CHINA TVNQIN c. Cochin-china its bounds and extent I Esteem under the Name of COCHIN-CHINA taken in general all that lies to the Eastward of the Kingdoms of Camboja Sian Pegu and Ava c. to the Westward of China and the Gulph of Cochin-china and which is washed on the South with the Oriental Ocean and bounded on the North by those high Mountains which limit Tartary extending it self from the 9th degree of Latitude on this side the Equator unto the 34th or 35th towards the North which make more than 6000 Leagues the breadth not being above the 8th or 10th part of its length It s Name why so called The name of Cochin-china according to some signifies West China so the Natives of the Country call it Onam or Anam that is the Occidental Quarter and this extends to the view of China of which it was once part and whose Language Manners Customs Government Religion and other Ceremonies they yet retain which having occasion to treat of in China as more convenient for brevities sake I omit them here referring the Reader to the description of China But these Quarters being retired from the subjection of the Chinois above 800 years ago were a little after as easily divided into divers Estates The name of Cochin-china being kept in the most Southern parts that of Tunquin having taken the middle and more Northernly parts passing under the name of the People called Lays the Kingdom of Ciocangue the People
entertainment of the Emperor in his journey between Jendo and Meaco But the most beautiful Palace next to Yendo is that of O Jaca on the Sea and South of Meaco the buildings of Yendo are so beautified with Gold as well without as within that at a distance it seems to be rather a Mountain of Gold than a building The Mountains of Japan Amongst the Mountains of Japan there are two very well known Figenojama four Leagues from Meaco renowned for its height which stretches it self above the Clouds and Juy or Juycan in the Kingdom Hietcheu which vomits Fire in great abundance as some time did Aetna in Sicilia Vesuvius at Naples and the Isles of Volcan and Strongoli among those of Liparia And on the top of this Mountain the Devil in a white and shining Cloud shews himself in divers forms but only to such of his Votaries as live about this Mountain an abstemious life like the ancient Hermits as in Fasting undergoing many austerities and compleating the Vow they made for this purpose The People of Japan their dispositions The Country hath hot and medicinal Waters in several places the common Waters are healthful the Inhabitants of a good stature strong and active in complexion they are inclining to an Olive colour well disposed judicious apt to learn of sound memories subtile in their dealings more inclined to Arms then Letters though they become perfect in both having many Academies and Vniversities They are ambitious of glory patient in affliction hating Idleness Gaming or all ill-husbandry as also slandering swearing lying theft and generally all vices which they severely punish and oftentimes to death Their Arms are esteemed the most excellent of all the Indies they being more valiant and warlike then the Chinois and more patient of labour one of their Kings conceived no less then that he could conquer China and to that purpose levied 2 or 300000 men which went against it and brought back good booty They have long used the Art of Printing they are very civil and much given to visits and entertainments they delight in rich and costly furniture in their Houses with the adornment of Pictures Cabinets Arms c. They are very punctual in performing their promises Their Religion and belief In matters of Religion they are for the most part Gentiles adoring anciently the Sun Moon and Stars giving adoration to Wild Beasts but they chiefly worship the Devil and that partly for fear of hurting them To which purpose they have in all their Pagodes which are numerous several ill-shapen Figures which they pray to And to these Pagodes there belongeth a great many Priests to whom they shew a great respect and allow a good subsistence who by their habit are known from other persons and live a very strict life abstaining from Flesh even to the use of Women Amongst them they have several Sects which possibly are so many different ways in performing their Devotions in which they are not over strict nor over devout Some of them believe the immortality of the Soul that the Body is reduced to its first principles and becomes dust and ashes and that the Soul is either raised to joy or condemned to eternal sorrow believing the Resurrection and that at its return into the World it shall find good or evil according to its actions Whereas others make no account of the dissolution of the World nor put any difference between the Souls of Men and Beasts They are very jealous of their Wives and Concubines not admitting them the liberty of walking abroad or society with men at home they are very modest and not given to meddle with any kind of business that appertains to their Husbands Adultery they severely punish but Fornication is permitted amongst them They are very indulgent to their Children and give them good education They are very tender of their honor being shie of doing any thing which may eclipse it and as they will give no injuries to others so they will take none The state power c. of the Emperor Their Emperor dwels in great state and pomp having attendance of Nobles and others He is highly esteemed and reverended of his Subjects even to adoration In his Government he is in a manner tyrannical having in his power the Lives and Estates of his Subjects though he doth not often shew it his Revenue is exceeding great and his power as hath been spoken of before very strong All his Nobles which are very many live exceeding stately and have great Revenues And when any of them happen to die they have a custom that about 20 or 30 of their Slaves do voluntarily kill themselves to wait upon the Souls of their deceased Lords which they hold to be a great honor to them and a discharge of their fidelity and love they bear to them But there are many defaults observed in their government and in their manner of living The great number of their Kings and their Princes which still endeavour to make themselves great The Revolts and Rebellions to which those people are subject on the least occasion The principal form of the Government which is almost wholly tyrannical The little care they have of Tillage and of keeping fowl at home or Flocks in the Field makes them often want needfull Food And it is observed That they have many manners and customs different and often contrary to ours or those of their Neighbors The Japanoises differ in many Customs from other Nations As when they go out of the house they leave off their Cloak which they put not on again till they come in whereas we leave it off in the house and put it on abroad When they meet a friend they salute him by putting off their Shoo and shaking their foot we salute by uncovering the head In walking they give the left hand esteeming it most honourable whilst we believe the right so to be Receiving a friend at home they remain seated on the ground we stand till he who comes to see us is seated The Earth covered with Mats serves for Bed Table and Seat for they uphold themselves on their knees on that Mat when they eat our Bed Table and Seat are raised from the ground for our repose or eating They esteem Black Hair and Black Teeth we Fair Hair and White Teeth They mount on Horse-back from right to left we from left to right They set the name of their Family before their proper name we our proper name before that of our Family They will not that those Women they take in Marriage should bring any riches here we seek after those who have most So soon as their Women are married they have no longer liberty to go abroad here more then before Black is their sign of joy and White of mourning Black our mourning and White our joy Their richest Tapestries are Mats thin close and of divers colours ours of Wool Silk and oftentimes of Gold and Silver Their Stone
the Negroes the Mona's or Mani that is Kings of Congo Monotapa and Emugi and the Soba of Angola in the Lower Ethiopia he of Adel in the Coast of Ajan besides which there are many Xeques of the Arabs many free and vagabond People who for the most part live without Chiess Faith or Law The Kings of Castile and Portugal hold many places on the Coasts of Africa those of Castile hold some on the Mediterranean Sea those of Portugal hold a great number on all parts of the Ocean which encompasses Africa but the Hollanders have taken some from them and others are delivered to the English Languages or Tongues spoken in Africa Amongst a great number of different Tongues that are in Africa the three or four principal and most general ones are the Beribere or African which comes from the Ancient Punick the Arabick and Ethiopian The African and Arabick extend themselves through all Barbary Billedulgerid Egypt and Saara according as the People of these Countries descend from the Africans or Arabs The Ethiopian is in the greatest part of Ethiopia if it be not on the Coast where the commerce and confluence of Strangers hath long since changed the Tongue But the Negroes seem to have a particular Language These Tongues have divers Idioms and very different the one from the other all or at least the three first descending from the Hebrew or Tongues derived from it Their Religions The Religions which have course in Africa may be reduced to four Mahometism Paganism Christianity and Judaism Mohometism possesses Barbary Billedulgerid Egypt Zaara or the Desart part of the Negroes and a good part of the Coast of Zanguebar Paganism holds part of the Negroes and Nubia Guinny and almost all the Lower Ethiopia I comprehend the Cafres with the Pagans part of Zanguebar and some mixture otherwhere Christianity holds in Africa almost the whole Empire of the Abissines part of Egypt but the most part Schismaticks and along all the Coasts of Africa where the Portugals are the strongest they have introduced Christianity as in Congo Angola and some Coasts of the Cafres and Zanguebar As for Judaism it is scattered in many Cities on the Coast of Barbary as at Morocco Fez Algier c. Likewise in Egypt and on the confines of the Abissines and the Negroes they have the Kingdom of Ximen tributary to the Abissines but the Jews are but a small number in Africa in comparison of the others I make account that Africa being divided into 16 equal parts Mahometism would possess 5 or 6 Paganism 6 or 7 Christianity 3 and Judaism only one It s division into Parts as at this day known AFRICA as it is at this day known may be divided into these 8 parts following viz. 1. Barbary in which is found the Kingdoms of Morocco Fez Algier Telensin Tunis Tripoli and Braca 2. Billedulgerid or Numidia 3. Egypt 4. Zaara or Libya Interiour in which is comprehended the Country of the Negroes Guinny with some certain Isles 5. Nubia 6. The Empire of the Abissines or the higher or greater Ethiopia in which I comprehend Zanguebar 7. Ethiopia the Lower in which are found the Kingdoms of Congo the Empire of the Monomotapa the Land of Cafres And 8. and lastly the Isles of Africa And of these in order Under the Name of BARBARY are comprehended several Kingdoms to wit The Kingdom of MOROCCO wherein are several Provinces and which may be considered as they lie On the Sea as Susa Taradante Messa Tagavostum Tojouta Gartguessemum Hea Tednest Teculethum Goza Tefethna Within Land as Guzula Guzula Morocco Morocco Agmer Elguimha Temella Hascora Elmadina Tagodaft Teldes Teiza Tedza Ducala Azamor El Medina Asafi The Kingdom of FEZ with its several Provinces which may be considered as they lie On the Ocean as Temesne Anfa Almansor Rabatt Adendum Fez Fez Mahmora Salla or Sally Asgar Cafar-el-Cabir Lharais On the Streight of Gibraltar Habar Arzila Tangier Tettinguina On the Mediterranean Sea as Errif Gomer Bedia Garret Mellila Fetis Up within Land as Chaus Teza Dubdu Gaâ—sis The Kingdom of ALGIER with its Provinces which may be considered as they lie On the West as Telensin with its Quarters Telesin Telesin Oran Marsalquibiâ— Hanghad Guagida Beni-Rafid Batha Tenez Tenesa Sersela Meliana In the Middle as Algier Algier Temendfufta Taddeles On the East as Bugia Bugia Chollum Gergelum Steffa Constantina Constantina Bona Tabarca Tebessa The Kingdom of TUNIS with its Governments and which may be considered as they lie On the Sea and are Maritim as Benserta Benserta Goletta Tunis Goletta Sousa Susa Hammmetha El-Media or Africa El-Media Within Land as Beija or Bege Beija Urbs Urbs Arbes Musti Marmagena Cayroan Cayroan Cafsa Hama The Kingdom or Province of TRIPOLI whose chief Maritim places are those of Capes Et-Hamma Tripolis the New Lepeda Tripolis the Old The Country of BARCA or LIBYA which may be divided into The Kingdom of BARCA as it regards the Sea and makes the most Eastern Coast of BARBARY whose chief places are Camera Bernichum Torachara Tolometa Zadra Barca Cayroan Boni-Andreas Musolomarus Albertonus Roxâ— Ripaealba The Desart of BARCA within Land more Southward and under the Tropick of Cancer whose chief places are Ammon Gorham Angela Alguechet Erner Sertâ— Ascor Ebâ—ida and Couzza A GENERALL MAPP OF THE COAST OF BARBARIE WHERE IN ARE THE KINGDOMS AND ESTATES OF MOROCCO FEZ ALGIER TUNIS AND TRIPOLIS ALSO THE KINGDOMS ESTATES AND DESERTS OF BARCA EGIPT LIBYA BILEDULGERID SEGELMESSE AND DARHA With the Circumjacent Counteries By Mounsieur Sanson Geographer to the French King and Rendred into English and Illustrated By Richard Blome By his Majesties Especiall Command London Printed for Ric Blome Aº 1667. Francis Lamb Sculpit MOROCCO Kingdom of Morocco its bounds THE Kingdom of MOROCCO is the most Western part of Barbary bounded by the Ocean the River Sus Mount Atlas and the River Ommiraby The Ocean washes it on the West the River Sus separates it from Tesset on the South Mount Atlas divides it from Darrha and Segelmesse on the East and the Ommiraby from the Kingdom of Fez on the North. In Provinces It is divided into 7 Provinces those of Sus Hea Guzula and Morocco are between the Rivers of Sus and Tensift the two first on the Sea and the other within Land The Provinces of Teldes Hascora and Ducala are between Tensift and Ommiraby the two first up in the Land the other on the Ocean and these three last stretch towards the North and East the four first towards the South and West Province of Sus its chief places c. 1. The Province of Sus is about the River Sus and is sometimes extended as far as Cape de Non. Taradante not far from Atlas is esteemed the chief City of this Province its Governours and Kings having here made their residence much enriched of late by the English and French Merchants who have here a Staple for their Sugars The Town is
square Obelisks full of Egyptian Hieroglyphicks of a vast bigness and each of one entire piece of Stone said to be thrice as big as that at Rome or that at Constantinople Near these Obelisks as Sir Henry Blunt relateth are the ruines of Cleopatra's Palace high upon the shore with the private Gate whereat she received Mark Antony after their overthrow at Actium And he saith That about a bow shoot further upon another Rock on the shore is yet a round Tower which was part of Alexanders Palace This City after the Romans were Masters of Egypt was steemed the second of their Empire And when the Arabs seised it there was counted 12000 Sellers of Herbs 4000 Bathing-houses 400 Play-houses c. Thus was the former state of this City but at present almost a heap of ruines especially the East and South parts not the moyety of the City being inhabited And were it not for some conveniencies of Trade or the like more then any pleasure of the place by reason of the evil Air which reigns there it would be soon left wholly desolate It is now inhabited by a mixture of Nations as Turks Jews Greeks Moors Copties and Christians Now remarkable for a Mosque in which St. Mark their first Bishop was said to be buried Yet their rests still within and near the City many Obelisks Columus Footsteps of pround Building c. The City of Rosetto Raschit or Rosetto a pritty little City seated on the Nile four miles from the Mediterranean Sea a place of no strength but of a great Trade and well furnished with several sorts of Commodities Its Buildings are stately both within and without and is only defended by a Castle being without Walls or other Fortifications This City in ancient times was noted for a place of all kinds of Beastliness and Luxury Damiata is a fair City The City of Damiata and its Land excellent famous for the often Sieges laid unto it by the Christian Armies in Anno 1220. Who for 18 Moneths continuance did stoutly defend themselves till in the end the Enemy hearing no noise some of them did adventure to Scale the Walls who finding no resistance the Army marched in who then found in every house and corner heaps of dead bodies and none to give them burial and searching them found them to die of Famine and of the Pestilence which grievously raged amongst them Which lamentable spectacle must needs add terror to the beholder This City was built as some Authors say out of the ruines of Pelusium which was built by Peleus the Father of Achilles who for the murther of his Brother Phocus was by the gods commanded to purge himself in the adjoyning Lake This place as Heylin noteth was the Episcopal See of St. Isidore sirnamed Pelusiotes whose Pious and Rhetorical Epistles are yet extant And at this place Ptolomy the famous Geographer drew his first breath And these three Cities after Cairo are at present the fairest of Egypt There are abundance of other Cities which are yet in some repute as Suez and Cossir seated on the Red Sea Suez noted for its Arsenal and Cossir for its reception of the Merchandizes of the East and Saiet a fair Town not far from Cairo on the Nile by some said to be the dwelling place of Joseph and Mary whither they sled with Christ for fear of Herod where are yet the ruines of a fair and beautiful Temple which as they say was built by Helena the Mother of Constantine with several others too tedious to name But to speak truth Egypt is nothing in regard of what it was under its first Kings with several other as I have set down in my Geographical Tables as they are found in the said Twelve Cassiliffs and are all commodiously and pleasantly seated on the Banks of the Nile which traverses the whole Countrey dividing it self into several streams especially in the Higher Egypt where with several Mouths it fullâ— into or receives the Mideterranean Sea Also I have noted several Cities seated on the Red Sea to which I refer the Reader The Lakes of Bucheira and Moeris In this Countrey are two Lakes the one is called The Lake of Bucheira in the Territory of Alexandria and is about twelve Leagues in length and seven in breadth the other is called The Lake of Moeris in the Cassilifs of Giza and Fium and is about 27 Leagues in length and 20 15 10 5 and 3 in breadth Thus much for the Description of the Countrey In the next place I shall treat of the Inhabitants as to their Laws Religion Customs Antiquities Hieroglyphicks Stature Habit c. Also the Fertility and Rarities of the Countrey amongst which I shall end with the Description of the Nile Their Laws execution of Justice Their Laws as to Justice and Government are perfectly Turkish and therefore I shall refer the Reader to the Description of the Turks as ye may find it treated of in the Description of Constantinople their Metropolitan City Yet for rigor in their punishments they exceed other parts of Turkey and that by reason of the treacherous malicious and base dispositions of them their executions being different according to the quality of the Crime for some offences they use slaying alive for others impaling cutting them off with a red hot Iron at the Waist for others oynting with Honey in the Sun also some they hang by the Foot and the like cruelties The ancient People of this Countrey were Heathens worshipping the Sun Moon and Stars sacrificing to Apollo Jupiter Hercules and the rest of the gods also attributing divine honors to Serpents Crocodiles as also to Garlick Onions and Leeks But the god which thay most adored was Apis a coal-black Ox with a white Star in his Fore-head two Hairs only in his Tail and the form of an Eagle on his back but now Mahometism is much received amongst them The Christian Faith was here first planted by St Mark who was the first Bishop of Alexandria And these Christians are all of the Jacobites Sect observing the same Customs and Forms of Ceremonies in their Religion as those formerly treated of in Asia Its antiquities Among the many Rarities or Antiquities of this Countrey are the Pyramides as also the Obelisks and Columns spoken of before next on the Banks of the River Nile stood that famous Labyrinth built by Psamnicus a place of an exceeding great bigness containing 1000 Houses besides 12 Royal Palaces within an intire Wall Which had but one entrance but exceeding many turnings and windings which caused the way to be exceeding difficult to find the building being as much under ground as above The buildings were of Marble and adorned with stately Columns The Rooms were fair and large especially a Hall which was the place of their general Conventions which was adorned with the Statues of their gods and composed of polished Marble Not far from the Pyramides doth stand the Colossus being in form of an
also of a barren Soil and its People also barbarous Batta but indifferent well skill'd in Arms and that being forced to it rather to defend themselves than to offend others It s chief places are Batta Agisymba and Gongou PEMBA is held to be the richest and pleasantest Province of all Congo Pemba being very fertil in Grains Fruits c. hath good Water the Air is healthful the Inhabitants since the Portugals sat footing there are become very civil imitating them both in Behaviour and Apparel It s chief City called Banza that is the Court and which the Portagals call St. Salvador It s chief places is the residence of the King seated on an eminence which discovers the Country on all sides This scituation together with its being in the middle of the Estate gives it a great advantage some esteem it to have 10000 Inhabitants others 100000 possibly those understand 10000 Families and those 100000 Souls for the King being powerful and his Court always great there cannot but be multitudes The Isle and City of Loanda on the Coast of Bamba were not long since in the hands of the Portugals now the East India Company of the Vnited Provinces have seized it It s other chief places are Simba Pemba on the River Danda Lemba and Tinda The chief Rivers of Congo The most famous Rivers of this Kingdom are the Zaire the Lelunda the Danda and the Coanza the three last descend from the Lake of Aquilonda the Zaire from the Lake of Zaire from whence descends likewise the Nile the Zaire hath 400 Leagues course is very rapid by reason of the many Cataracts or great falls which it hath from the Mountains at its entrance into the Estates of Congo it enlarges it self much embraces quantity of Islands and at its Mouth hath no less than 8 or 10 Leagues breadth yet presses its Waters 15 or 20 Leagues farther into the Sea and that with so great a violence that its Waters retain their natural sweetness without being corrupted or intermingled with the Salt-waters of the Sea The Rivers Danda and Coanza are Navigable and receive great Ships The Isle of Loandu is near the Mouth of the last It is observed that when the Sea is high the Springs of Running-water are fresh and when the Sea falls they become salt The Congolans are naturally very sweet and easie able and strong It s People but dull and idle they will not take the pains to tame Beasts for service nor to employ their fine Stones in Buildings nor make their Birds of Prey for Hawking yet make they curious Cloths Velvets Damasks Brocats c. They have no harmony in their Instruments of Musick but a confused mixture of many cords or strings and many Voices content them their Money is of grey shells taken on the Coast of the Province of Bamba and these Shells especially the Females are much esteemed even in other Kingdoms and almost through all Aethiopia Their Grains Fruits Waters Fowl It s Fertility Sea and River Fish are excellent They have store of Elephants Mines of Silver Iron Chrystal Marble Jaspar Porphyre c. They know not their Histories but by the Reigns of their Kings and without specifying the time for they have no Letters much less Learning and hereupon some would make us believe that Emanuel of Portugal having sent a famous Ambassador into Congo with many Presents among others three fair Books excellently bound and which contained the Cannons the Laws Imperial the Ordinances Civil Right the Infortiate the Rubricks c. and with these Books many Doctors of Law to teach the knowledge of them and when the King of Congo did understand the subject that these fair Books contained and knew the profession of the Doctors he was so surprized that he remained sometime silent but in the end he caused these Books to be burned saying That he feared they would overihrow the very foundation of his Estate and that he contented himself to judge according to reason and need no other Interpreter than Common sense but withal protesting that he would remain a good and intire Friend to Emanuel King of Portugal and so sent back his Doctors The Author of the Essay of the Wonders of Nature applies this story to the King of the Abyssins It is much at one let us return to Congo They say that the Province of Bamba can furnish at a need 400000 strong and Warlike men the other Provinces are no less nor possibly worse peopled than this but less addicted to Arms. This being esteemed the Bulwark of the Kingdom affected to the service of their Prince and so strong that at one blow of a Sword they can strike off an Oxes head or cut a Slave in two Their Elephants are so great that some of their Teeth are found to weigh 200 l. and they make such esteem of their Tails when they are old that sometimes they exchange three Slaves for one Tail They make of them divers Ornaments and Cords for their Instruments of Musick The Kingdom falls only to the Males and in default of Legitimates to Bastards to shun all process all Riches belong to the King who disposes of them to whom he pleases keeping to himself a certain Revenue Christianity hath been introduced about 150 years ago but not without much difficulty in its beginning Estate of Cacongo East of Congo and South of Anziquaines is the Estate of CACONGO and South of Cacongo are the Giaques or Jaggas which the Abyssins call Gallas and others Imbagolas These People are Vagabonds Cruel Men-eaters like to the Anziquaines and Moceveies living only on what they steal from their Neighbours The great Jagge disposes absolutely both of their Idolatry and their War Kingdom of Angola The Kingdom of ANGOLA once Abonda is between Congo on the North Mataman on the South Malemba on the East and the Sea on the West This Kingdom hath 100 Leagues of Coast to wit from the 10th unto the 4th degree of Meridional Latitude and that which continues unto Cape Negro and belongs to divers Lords tributary to it The principal City of the Country is Engaze and likewise Dongo which Modern Authors place at the meeting of many Rivers It is 75 or 80 Leagues from the Sea The Mountains of Cambamba rich in Mines of Silver are in this Country which the Portugals cause to be laboured It s other chief places are Massirgan on the River Coanza Benguela seated on the Sea on the Bay of Thora and Quicongo a Sea-Port Town It s Trade Through the whole Country there is a great traffick for Slaves 20 or 25000 yearly being transported from the Port of Loanda There are such multitudes in this Kingdom that the Grand Soba as they say can in a moment raise 100000 Men and that in Anno 1584 he raised 1200000. In Anno 1585 600000. Yet these last were put to flight by 200 Portugals at the head of 10000 Aethiopians
our Coast into the other Continent It may likewise be believed that others have passed from the other Coast that is to say from Asia Whence it comes that some believe that the Inhabitants of Peru and Mexico descend rather from the Chinois and Japanois than from the Europeans or Africans But this subject will be too tedious to handle let us therefore content our selves to speak a word or two of this America in general before we descend to particulars AMERICA considered in its whole Body is part on this side and part beyond the Equator It stretches it self to near 54 degrees beyond and extends it self to 80 or more on this side which are more than 130 degrees of Latitude our Continent not having much more than 100 But the breadth of America is very unequal this Continent being composed of two great Peninsula's almost divided the one from the other by the Equator its breadth here is not in some places of above 30 40 or 50 Leagues The bigness of America though in other places 1000 or 1200 and possibly much more in America Septentrionalis if the Land of Jesso be contiguous to it The scituation and Land of Jesso This Land of JESSO or YEDSO is between America and Asia and we know not yet whether it joyn upon Asia or America or make a Piece apart if it be divided both from the one and the other and that New Denmark and Greenland are upon it as there is much reason to believe it makes a Piece not less than the three parts of our Continent or of the two of the other but possibly it makes a third part of the other Continent Let us proceed to the two parts of America as they are esteemed and known at present AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALIS AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALIS is that part of America which is not only the most Northern of the two America's but likewise doth all lie between the Equator and the North The length and breadth of America Septentrionalis it extends it self from the 8th or 10th degree of Latitude even beyond the Artick Circle and if we comprehend the Artick Lands with America it advances at least to the 88th degree of Latitude which are 70 degrees for its height from South to North. Its length from West to East possesses near all the degrees of Longitude of the other Hemisphere to wit from about the 180th where ours end even beyond the 300th which is the end of the other The Mer del Nort is on the East of it the Mer del Sud on its West towards the North its bounds are unknown there being Land found even beyond the 80th degree of Latitude Its bounds with appearance that they extend yet farther towards the Pole so that we cannot judge to what degree or whether it be contiguous to New Denmark and Greenland or whether it be in Islands and on the South it makes America Meridionalis We will divide this America Septentrionalis into Canadiana and Mexicana Under the name of Canadiana is understood that part of America which is about Canada where the English French Hollanders Danes and Swedes have divers Colonies And under the name of Mexicana It s division according to Mons Sanson that part of America which the King of Spain doth almost alone possess and where he hath established abundance of Colonies subdividing Canadiana into the Artick Lands and Canada or New France and Mexicana into New Mexico and Mexico or New Spain Of these four parts Mexico or New Spain is the most advanced towards the Equator and the South the Artick Lands towards the North It s scituation the other two parts rest in the middle Canada or New France towards the East and New Mexico towards the West The first is under and about the Tropick of Cancer the second under or about the Polar Circle the two others lie from 25 or 30 unto 60 degrees of Latitude so that the first is within or very near the Torrid Zone the second within or near the Frozen Zone and the two in the middle quite in the Temperate Zone The first and most Southernly ought to be called Mexico or New Spain Mexico because Mexico is by much the fairest City and the Dominion of the ancient Kings of Mexico extended over the best part of it New Spain because the King of Spain possesses near all of it having established a great many Colonies a Vice-Roy divers Archbishops Bishops Audiences and Governments the Natives of the Country that are left being almost all Tributaries to him The second may be called the Arctick Lands because it approaches the Arctick Pole Arctick Lands and is for the most part comprehended within the Arctick Circle these are but little known We understand well that they are divided by some Streights and that it apparently consists in many and divers Isles which hath been the cause a Passage hath been sought to go this way to China and the East-Indies The Natives do here enjoy a full and entire liberty the People of Europe not thinking it worth their pains to establish Colonies Of the two middle parts the most Easternly and nearest to Europe ought to be esteemed under the general name of Canada or New France Canada or New France of Canada because in that particular Region the Europeans first Landed of New France because the French did first establish themselves here before any other Europeans The most Western and farthest from Europe may in general be called New Mexico because the Spaniards of Mexico or New Spain discovered it not till after they had been sometime settled in this other Of these four parts of America Septentrionalis to wit Mexico or New Spain New Mexico Canada or New France and America Arctica New Spain is washed by Mer del Nort and Mer del Sud America Arctica likewise by both Seas New France only by Mer del Nort and New Mexico only by Mer del Sud These four great parts are subdivided into many less which we call Regions Peoples Provinces c. We will observe the chief of them the most clearly and succinctly as possibly we can but because New Spain touches on America Meridionalis we will begin our America Septentrionalis by the Arctick and New France so proceeding to the one and the other Mexico that we may pass in order to the parts bordering on America Meridionalis And likewise because the Arctick Lands of America are very little known and that we cannot judge to make a particular discourse of them we will content our selves to speak something here before we pass to the other parts That part of America which is comprised for the most part between the Arctick Pole and Circle or which at most descends unto the 60th or 55th degree of Latitude is named according to our method America Arctica In all this part we know only some Coasts and Gulphs of that which is most towards Europe There we have the Isles of Iseland and
Groenland we might likewise put Shetland which we know not whether Isles or parts of the New Continent as we are likewise ignorant of all the rest of America Arctica ISELAND Iseland subject to the King of Denmark is 150 Leagues long and little less than 100 broad Its Inhabitants Its Inhabitants are very lusty and live above an 100 years they scarce addict themselves to any thing but the feeding of their Beasts and Fishing The Coast toward the South is much better and best inhabited The Governour of the Island resides at Bellested on the Coast Scalhold and Holdon Bellested Scalhold and Holdon its chief Towns within Land are Bishops Sees The Mountains of Hecla and Helga often vomit Fire though the Circle of the Pole Arctick passes over this Island and incloses part of it in the Frozen Zone leaving the other in the Temperate if that can possibly be which lies so contiguous and near to the Frozen yet doth it not hinder them from enjoying many rare things in their Mountains in their Lands in their Fountains and Rivers in their Beasts and in their Fish Iseland doth in my Judgment apparently answer to the Thule of the Ancients though some Authors of the Country maintain the contrary Groenlandt or Greenland GROENLANDT that is GREENLAND hath been long known to those of Iseland and Norway Account is made that one Torwald and his Son Errick of Norway passed into Iseland about the year 800 and that from Iseland Errick and his Son Lieffe passed a little after into Groenlandt where they established some Colonies of Norwegians And the same History saith that Lieffe had some Combats with the Ancient Sekreglingres and Native Inhabitants of the Country and that those of Norway held but a small part in the East Coast of Groenlandt the Sekreglingres keeping the rest within the Country and that what the Norwegians possessed and knew in Groenlandt was not the hundreth part but that there were divers People governed by several Lords of which the Norwegians had no knowledge It s Fertility They say that in several parts of Groenlandt there are Lands which bear as good Wheat as any Ground in the World and Chestnuts so large that their Kernels are as big as Apples that the Mountains yield Marble of all sorts of colours that the Grass for Pastures is good and feeds quantities of great and small Cattle that there are Horses Stags Wolves Foxes Black and White Bears Beavers Martles c. That the Sea is full of great Fishes as Sea-Wolves Dogs and Calves but above all of Whales that the white Bears live more on the Sea than on the Land and that as the Black ones feed only on Flesh the White ones do on Fish and are especially greedy of little Whales which causes a great Antipathy between them and Whales who pursue them where-ever they can scent them The Marhval a strange kind of Fish That their Fish Marhval carrieth a Tooth or Horn so strong and long that it fights against and pierces the Whale as the Rhinoceros does the Elephant and they assure us that the Horn is of the same greatness form and matter and hath the same properties as those which we here esteem in the Vnicorns The Norwegians and Danes who sometime since have passed into Groenlandt say that the Language of its Inhabitants is so different from that of Norway or Denmark that there is little appearance they could descend either from the one or the other and that if formerly there have been any Colonies of Norwegians they are quite extinct In 1636 the Danes which went thither to Trade demanded by signs if beyond that ridge of Mountains there were any Men the Savages made them to understand they were innumerable higher Its Inhabitants and stronger than they and that they used great Bows and Arrows and would not have any Commerce nor suffer the sight of Strangers The Habits of those with whom the Danes traded some of which they brought into Denmark were of Skins of Wild Beasts their Shirts of the Entrails of Fish and their Wastcoats of the Skins of Birds with their Feathers These same Relations make mention of an Old and New Groenlandt this descending towards the South the other mounting towards the North but that some years since the North Seas have been so loaden with Ice that the first ones not being melted before Winter and the other having continued from time to time to add to them and lie in heaps one upon the other the Sun in the end hath not had power to break them and in succession of time this way hath been stopt up and the communication of Iseland with Old Groenlandt lost CANADIANE In which may be considered The ARCTICK LANDS called AMERICA ARTICA with its chief places and such are ISELAND Bellested Schalhod Holdon GROENLAND Bearesord Mudder Point Trime Point Warusick Foreland Warwick Sound Cape Farwel Resolution Isle NORTH WALES Seahorse Point Cape Pembrook SOUTH WALES Hudsons Bay James Bay Cape Henretta Marie CANADA or NEW FRANCE with its chief Parts and Places and such are those of ESTOTILAND Sir Tho. Smiths Foreland Merchants Isles Cape Charles King James Foreland Cape Prince Henry Hope advanced Ganse Bay Slapers Haven Clapmuts Bay Orang Bay Hollandsche Bay SAGUANA Quebeck Tadousac Bay Savage Brest Port de Quartier Port de St. Nicholas Chichekedec Port Neuf Jaus Coudres Isle of Orleance Sillery CANADA Mont Real Richelieu Point Verte Croipapequiac Cape de l'Evesque Assumpsion Isle Isle of Plate Isle of Birds Isle of Ramec New-found-land Isle of Brien Isle of Cap. Breton Isle of St. John ACADIE Martengo Macomode Paspay Port de Rosignal Cape de Sable Port Royal Cape de Mines Isles of Forchu de Sable NEW ENGLAND Boston Plimouth Charles-Town Dorchester Cambridge Ulielands Isle Long Isle MARY-LAND Maries Town Calverton Herrington NEW YORK New York VIRGINIA James Town Elizabeth Town Dales Gift Wicocomoco Pouhatan Bermuda Secotam Cape Henry Smiths Isle Isle of Paquiwock Croatoan Wokokon CAROLINA Charles-Town The HURONS St. Peter St. Francis Alexis St. Michael St. Joseph Isle of BERMUDES Southampton Harington Pagets FLORIDA St. Hellens Port Royal St. Matthews St. Augustine St. Jago CANADA OR New France UNder the name of CANADA or New France we esteem that which is on both sides the great River of Canada or St. Laurence with the Isles that are before its Mouth unto and so far as this River is known and from the Gulphs and Streights of Davis and Hudson unto New Spain or Mexico In this extent we have the Isles of New-found-land Terra di Librador Canada which communicates its name to the rest Acadia Saguenay the Irocois the Hurons the Algonquins with about a hundred other sorts of people whose names are known The Isles of NEW-FOVND-LAND or according to the Biscains New-found-land of Bacallaos that is of God-fish are so called by reason of these Fishes here found in such great quantity that sometimes they seem to hinder the sayling
for their ordinary Guard and having been able to raise 2 or 300000 Foot among the 25 or 30 Kings which were his Tributaries some could arm 100000 Men their Revenues vast which they raised out all Commodities as well of Natural as Artificial which the King received in kind participating of the Fruits of all Mens labour and sharing with them in their Riches Their Palaces were magnificent both that within the City and those in divers parts of the Kingdom they kept great Attendance lived in great Pomp were much reverenced of their Subjects in their Vestments stately being adorned with Gold Pearl and Precious Stones wearing a rich Crown resembling that of a Duke their Coronations held with great pomp at which times they used bloody Sacrifices of Men and Children which for the most part were their Enemies but sometimes their own their Temples were stately with many Idols whom they worshipped which were attended with abundance of Sacrificers or Priests and to excite their Souldiers to valour they used three degrees of Honour or Orders of Knighthood which according to their merit were conferr'd upon them the first was distinguished by a red Ribband the second called the Tyger or Lion-Knight and the third the Gray-Knight which among other things were priviledged to apparel themselves in Cotton in a different habit and to adorn themselves with Gold and Silver which things are prohibited to others The descent of the Mexicans Moreover the present Mexicans descended not from the Ancient Inhabitants of the Country but from divers People which had their residence in the North and not unlikely from that which we call New Mexico The History they produce of the manner how they came from these quarters at divers times of the time which the one and the other and particularly of him whom they last employed in their Voyages those Ceremonies they observed and likewise the name of their chief Mexi seems to accord somewhat with the Voyage of Moses and the Hebrews when he led them to the Land of Promise These People becoming Masters of Mexico formed a considerable Government and gave it divers Kings Montezuma under whom Ferdinand Cortez entred the Country was but the ninth in number The story of the Ynca-Mango-Capac and his Wife Coya Mama-Oelho The Ynca-Mango-Capac and his Wife Coya Mama-Oelho were the first that led them to a human and civil life they made themselves be believed to be Brother and Sister Children of the Sun and Moon and that they had been sent here below for the good of Men. And with this belief they withdrew them from the Mountains Caves and Forrests and gave them the first knowledge of the Law of Nature Ynca-Mango-Capac taught Men how to till the Earth to graft Plants to feed Flocks to gather the best Fruits to build Houses and Cities c. Coya Mama-Oelho learnt Women how to Spin Weave Sow make Habits c. and above all instructed that their principal care ought to be to serve and obey their Husbands and feed and instruct their Children And these People finding themselves in a better and more reasonable way of living than before easily submitted themselves to the Government of these Ynca's addicted themselves to the Religion they taught them which was to adore the Sun as that Star which above all the rest did most visible good to Men Beasts Grains Fruits Plants c. and so soon as these Ynca's knew the affection of the People they raised Arms assembled Troops and reduced to the same Government and the same Religion many neighbouring People but still more by sweetness than force and in the end composed an Estate or Empire which for its greatness and riches and likewise for its Laws was one of the most considerable of the World And if we should put in parallel the Politicks of the Ynca's of Peru or of those of Mexico with them of the Greeks and Romans Acosta maintains that these would have the advantage and that the Ynca's had so great a care of the good and repose of their Subjects that there cannot be found in all History any King or Emperour that ever bore himself with so much sweetness freedom and liberality towards his People as did the Ynca's Kings of Peru and Mexico So soon as a Province entred under their Obedience they made Channels every where to water the Lands and that these Lands might be the more commodious for Tillage they caused to be laid level what was unequal evening by degrees what was too steep The Lands proper for Tillage were divided into three parts viz. for the Sun for the King and for the Inhabitants of the Country and if these were in so great number that the third part of the Land was not sufficient for their food so much taken from the Third of the Sun and of the King as was needful The Lands being equally parted according to the ability of every Family the labour began with those of the Orphans Widows the old and impotent and Souldiers when they were in War after these every one laboured and cultivated his own then those of the Curacca's or Governours which were to be after the Private persons those of the King and of the Sun were the last And this Order was so religiously observed that a Governour having caused the Field of a Kinsman of his to be tilled before that of a poor Widow was hanged in the Field he caused to be tilled before its degrees so careful were they of the Poor Besides this labour for the Tillage of the Lands of the Sun and the Ynca's Private persons were obliged to make Cloaths Hose Shoes and Arms for the Souldiers as also for those whom Age or Sickness made incapable of Travel or Labour The Wool or Cotton was taken from the Flocks and on the Lands belonging to the Sun and the Ynca's and each Province gave only what was easie and common and each Private person only his labour young Men under 25 years Men above 50 Women and Lame people were exempt from these Tributes They made no account of Gold Silver or precious Stones but for their adornment beauty and splendor nor needing wherewith to buy Victuals or Cloaths their Lands and ordinary Occupation yielding and furnishing them with what ever was necessary Yet if at their hours of leasure they could discover any they made a Present of it to their Curaca's these to the Ynca when they went to salute him at Cusco or when the Ynca visited his Estates and then it was employed either for the Ornaments of the Royal-house or the Temples of the Sun The Temple of the Sun at Cusco The Temple of the Sun at Cusco was so stately and enriched with so much Gold Silver and precious Stones that it is incredible In this Temple besides the principal Apartment which was for the Sun there was others for the Moon Stars Lightning Thunder Thunderbolt and Rainbow which was the device of the Ynca's They esteemed the Stars as waiting-Maids
Leagues broad between the Province of Chiapa and the Sea the Country is full of Pools and Marshes towards the Coast Wood and Forests towards the Mountains and the Rains being continual for 8 or 9 Months in the year the Air is very humid and its scituation being much under the Torrid Zone it engenders an infinite number of Vermin Gnats and Insects yet the Soil is excellent It s fertility and commodities It s chief Colony abundant in Mayz and Cocao which is their principal Riches There is observable here but one Colony of the Spaniards which they call Villa de Nuestra a Sennora de la Victoria so called because of the Victory Cortez gained in 1519 against those of the Country when he went to the Conquest of the Kingdom of Mexico It was called Potonchan when it was besieged taken and sacked by Cortez and it is observed this was the first City in America which defended it self and which suffered under the Spaniards Sword The Province of Jucatan with its chief places described JVCATAN is the last Province of the Audience of Mexico towards the East It is a Peninsula of about 400 Leagues circuit scituate between the Gulphs of Mexico and Honduras The Isthmus which joyns it to the Main Land is not above 25 or 30 Leagues over from whence the Country continues enlarging it self from 50 or 75 Leagues breadth and ends at Cape de Cotoche which regards towards the East Cape St. Anthony in the Isle of Cuba at the distance of 60 and odd Leagues The Coasts of JVCATAN are very much cumbred with little Isles which often prove dangerous for Ships but covered with abundance of Sea-Fowl which those of the Neighbouring and far distant Countries come to chase The Isle of Cozumel The Isle of Cozumel to the East hath formerly been famous for its Idol Cozumel which all the People of the Neighbouring Continent went to adore And it was in this Isle or the Continent near unto it that Baldivius unfortunately saved himself having been Shipwreckt near Jamaica he had taken a little Boat like to those used by Fisher-men The Misfortune that befel Baldivius here wherein going with about 20 of his Men he was brought hither by the Sea but no sooner had he set foot on Land but he and his Men were seized by the Natives who immediately led them to the Temple of their Idols where they presently offered up or sacrificed and ate him and four of his Men and the rest they reserved till another time Among these Aquilar who had seen the Ceremony escaping with some others fled to a Cacique who treated him courteously for many years during which time some died others married in the Country Aquilar in the end was fetched thence by Cortez who was of no small use unto him in his Conquest of Mexico because that he had learned their Tongue The Air of Jucatan The Air of Jucatan is hot the Country hath scarce any Rivers yet wants no Water being supplied every where with Wells within the middle of the Land are to be seen quantity of Scales and Shells of Sea-fish which hath made some believe the Country hath been overflowed What it yieldeth They have scarce any of the Corn or Fruits of Europe but some others of the Country and quantity of wild Beasts principally Stags and wild Bears and among their Fowls Peacocks They have yet found no Gold much less Latten which makes it appear that it is not true that the Spaniards found here Crosses of Latten there being none in all America The Cities of Jucatan are four Merida Valladolid Its Cities Campeche and Salamancha 1. Merida is the Metropolis being the Seat of the Bishop and Governour for Tavasco and Jucatan distant from the Sea on each side 12 Leagues The City is adorned with great and ancient Edifices of Stone with many Figures of Men cut in the Stones and because they were resembling those which are at Merida in Spain that name was given it 2. Valladolid beautified with a very fair Monastery of Franciscans and more than 40 thousand Barbarians under its Jurisdiction 3. Campeche scituate on the shoar of the Gulph a fair City of about Three thousand Houses and adorned with many stately and rich Structures which in 1596 was surprized and pillaged by the English under the Command of Captain Parker who carried away with him the Governour the Riches of the City and many Prisoners besides a great Ship laden with Hony Wax Campeche-Wood and other rich Commodities The Conquest of the Kingdom of Mexico was much easier to the Castilians than that of Peru the Kingdom of Peru being Hereditary and its Ynca's loved and almost adored by their Subjects the Kingdom of Mexico being Elective and its Kings hated if not by those of Mexico yet by all the neighbouring Estates and envied by those might aspire to the Royalty This diversity was the cause that Motezuma died and the City of Mexico taken there was nothing more to do or fear as to that Estate In Peru after the death of Guascar and Atabalipa and some other Ynca's the Spaniards could not believe themselves safe so long as there was any remainder of the Race of these Ynca's which made them under divers pretexts persecute banish and put them to death And so much for Mexico or New Spain The Audience of GUADALAJARA or NEW GALLICIA THE Audience of GVADALAJARA or Kingdom of NEW GALLICIA makes the most Occidental part of New-Spain and contains the Provinces of Guadalajara Xalisco Los Zacatecas Chiametlan Culiacan Its Provinces and New-Biscany some others add Cibola and others likewise California Quivira Anian c. that is the Castilians pretend to extend their Power to the farthest part of this New World The Province of Guadalajara and its Cities described The Province of Guadalajara hath only two Cities or Colonies of Spaniards viz. Guadalajara and Sancta Maria de los Lagos of which the first is the chief of the Province built in 1531 by Nonnez de Guzman after he had finished his Conquest It is the residence of the Kings Treasurers dignified with the Courts of Judicature the See of a Bishop beautified with a fair Cathedral Church a Convent of Augustine Friers and another of Franciscans It is scituate in a pleasant and fruitful Plain and watered with divers Fountains and little Torrents not far from the River Baranja the neighbouring Mountains having furnished them with Materials for their Buildings Santa Maria de los Lagos was built by the same Guzman and made a place of great strength only to hinder the Incursions of the Chichimeques who are a barbarous and untamed sort of People who border upon them towards the North-East who live upon the Spoils of other people harbouring in thick Woods and private Caves for the better obtaining their Prey which said Town keeps them in such awe that they dare not molest them The Air of this Province The Inhabitants
ill peopled they fish for Pearls in Mer Vermejo and on the East of the Coasts of California and likewise along and on the Coasts of New Granada or New Mexico Mark de Niza a Franciscan his Relations of this place Mark de Niza a Franciscan made a Voyage into these parts in 1529 and at his return recounted Marvels of what he had seen and understood of People that wore about their Heads pieces of Mother of Pearl of divers Provinces rich in Gold of Cities and Houses well built whose Gates were adorned with Turquoises and other Stones That the chief City of Cibola was greater than Mexico That the Kingdoms of Marata Acu and Tonteac were likewise very rich and powerful Also the description of these parts by Vasque de Cornada The Relation of this Fryar caused Mendoza Vice-Roy of Mexico to send Vasque de Cornada Governour of New Gallicia to search out the truth Who far from finding the Riches he hoped for found only people naked very poor rude and barbarous some Cities he found indifferently well built but sadly furnished assuring us that the Kingdoms of which the Fryar had made so much account of were almost all Imaginary Tonteac being only a Lake about which there were some few Habitations Marata a thing invisible and Acu a beggerly Town in esteem amongst them only gathered some Cotton Possibly the Fryar said more than he had seen that he might incite the Spaniards to send some Colonies hither and have the Means to convert those People And Cornada less because he found not that present profit which he did in his Government however it be this contrariety with those we have observed touching the City of Granada and the Provinces of Quivira and Anian may make us see how dangerous it is to trust those that come from parts so remote and unknown whatever specious or fair Habit they wear or whatever good Tongue they have or whatever protestations they make of Truth The Audience of GUATEMALA THE Audience of GVATEMALA is between the Seas Del Nort and Sud and between divers Isthmus's and Tongues of Land which are found in the most Southernly part of America Septentrionalis Its Provinces are Guatemala Its Provinces Soconusco Chiapa Vera-Pax Honduras Nicaragua Costarica and Veragua The Province of Guatemala with its Cities described GVATEMALA and SOCONVSCO are on the Mer del Sud Chiapa within Land Vera-Pax and Honduras on the Mer del Nort Castaria Nicaragua and Veragua on both Seas Guatemala hath 150 Leagues along the Coast and advanceth within Land 30 or 40 Leagues Here were built the Cities of St. Jago of Guatemala St. Salvador or Curcatlan La Trinidad or Conzonate St. Michael and Xeres de la Frontera or Chuluteca they are all upon or little distant from the Sea Guatemala is more advanced within Land and yet the principal being the Seat of the Bishop and Court of Audience In 1541 this City was almost overwhelmed by a deluge of boyling Water which descending from that Vulcan which is above and near the City threw down and tumbled over all that it met with as Stones Trees and Buildings where it stifled many People and among the rest the Widow of him who had conquered and so ill treated that Province The City was rebuilt farther to the East and may have near 100 Houses about 1000 Inhabitants and its Country about 25000 Indians Tributaries A certain private Person had once a strange phancy came in his head A strange phancy of a private Person in these parts and the event thereof that there was a very rich Mine of Gold in this Vulcan of Guatemala and that he needed but to find some way to put down a Cauldron and draw out what he could wish for as one doth Water out of a Well he undertook the enterprize and caused to be made great Chains of Iron and a great Cauldron so strong that he believed the fire could not damage it he caused a way to be made to carry to the top of the Mountain his Chains Caularon and Machins which were to serve to let down and draw up his Caulâ—ron full of Gold which he believed to coyn at the bottom of the Mountain but he found the Fire so violent that in less than a moment of time he had neither Chains nor Cauldron Which so perplexed him with grief and shame to see his own folly having not only spent all his own Estate but the best part of his Friends so that he would have precipitated himself into the Mountain had he not been hindred but in a short time he died for anger and grief The sertility of this Province withits Commodities and Trade The Country is colder than the scituation may bear and subject to Earthquakes hath excellent Balms liquid Amber Bezoar Salt Grains is full of rich Pastures which are well stooked with Cattle plenty of Cotton Wool excellent Sulphur store of Medâ—â—inal Drugs and abundance of Fruits among others Caâ—ao in such great plenty that it yearly lades many Vessels which are transported to other places The Country is more inclining to Mountains than Plains but well watered with Rivers The People are pusillanimous and fearful Its Inhabitants the Men are expert at the Bow and the Women at the Distaff they are more civil and embrace Christianity more than their neighbouring Countries do and are willing to receive Advice from the Spaniards who are their Masters The Province of Soconusco described SOCONVSCO hath only the little City of Guevetlan on the Coast and nothing of particular or worthy to be noted in it only it hath some Grains feeds some Cattle its Rivers have Fish and its People more barbarous and rude The Province of Chiapa described CHIAPA is not over fertil in Grains nor Fruits but the Country well cloathed with lofty Trees and some of which yield Rozin others precious Gums and others bear Leaves that when they are dried into powder make a Sovereign Plaister for Sores The Country is full of Snakes and other venemous Creatures Places of most note in this Province are 1. Crudad-Real built by the Spaniards scituate in a round Plain at the Foot of a Hill It s chief places and begirt with Mountains resembling an Amphitheater now the residence of a Bishop and governed by City-Magistrates by them called Alcaides 2. Chiapa seated in the fruitfullest Valley of the whole Country 3. St. Bartholomews remarkable for having near it a great Pit or opening of the Earth into which if any one casts a Stone though never so small it makes a noise so great and terrible as a clap of Thunder 4. Casapualca a small Town but famous also for a Well it hath whose Waters are observed to rise and fall according to the flowing and ebbing of the Sea Among the Bishops of Chiapa one was Bartholomew de las Casas of the Order of St. Dominique Some memorable actions of Bartholomew de las Casas Bishop
Barrs and Ingots 4. Carlos seated on the Mer del Sud And 5. Parita seated on the said Sea The Country both of the one and the other Province is rude mountainous and little fertil only for Mayze and Pot-herbs In supply thereof they have exceeding rich Mines of Gold and Silver in their Mountains and Sand-gold in their Rivers but there remain yet some Natives in these quarters who still molest and annoy the Spaniards killing and eating them when they can catch them The Isles ANTILLES or CAMERCANES BEtween the two America's Septentrionalis and Meridionalis and before the Gulph of Mexico are abundance of Islands of different greatness HISPANIOLA and Cuba are the greatest Jamaica Boriquen and others of the middle sort the rest much less Hispaniola Christopher Columbus the first discoverer of this Islâ—â— Its Coloâ—â— HISPANIOLA is in the middle of these Isles near 200 Leagues from West to East and 50 or 60 from South to North. Christopher Columbus was the first that made discovery of this Isle in his first Voyage that the made in 1492. being conducted thither by some of the Inhabitants of Cuba There remain 10 Colonies of Spaniards of which 1. St. Domingo built by Bartholomew Brother to Christopher Columbus is the chief pleasantly seated its houses well built which for the most part are of Stone its Haven is large and safe for Ships to ride in it is enriched by the Residence of the Governour the Court of Audience the See of an Arch Bishop the Chamber of Accounts the Treasury Court and besides many Convents of Religious Houses and Hospital endowed with a large yearly Revenue a place of great Trade till the taking of Mexico and the discovery of Peru since which time it hath much decayed nor hath it yet recovered it self of the great loss and damage it sustained by Sir Francis Drake in 1586. It now being Inhabited by not above 2000 Families of which about 600 are Natural Spaniards the rest Mestiz Mulatts Negroes and Canaries Porto de la Plata holds the second place by reason of its Commerce and is well seated on a commodious Bay Then 3. St. Jago de los Cavallieros for the beauty of its scituation 4. El Cotuy for its Gold Mines 5. Salvaleon de Yquey for its Sugars and Pastures 6. Azua likewise for its Sugars being a noted Haven 7. St. Maria del puerto for its Cassia 8. Monte Christo for its Salt 9. La Conception de la Vega the foundation of Christopher Columbus for whose fake it was made an Episcopal See which at present is united to St. Domingo and the last of the ten Colonies is El Zeybo seated on the Sea shore but of small account This Isle stocked by the Spaniards So soon as the Spaniards were Masters of this Island they caused to be brought from Spain Grains Fruits and Beasts of all sorts The Grains would not thrive in the Plains by reason of the richness of the soil the stalks taking away all the force of the seed but when they found out the reason they sowed them on hills and there where the land was lean so that then they yielded a great increase The Fruits became excellent and the Beasts multiplied in such manner that they grew wild for want of proper owners being hunted to death by any one only for their skins The Sugar Canes brought from the Canaries yielded exceeding great profit The Country for the most part flourishing and beautiful the Trees and Meadows being alwaies in their Summer livery and the soyl so fertil that in the space of sixteen or eighteen daies herbs and roots will come to their perfection and ripeness but the Mines of Gold Copper and other Metals which remained are no longer wrought the Spaniards having consumed and perished in them not only the most part of the antient Inhabitants of this Country but likewise of the Neighbouring Isles The Isle of Cuba described The Isle of CVBA is longer and streighter than Hispaniola near 300 Leagues from West to East and from South to North only twenty five or thirty almost every where so that in Continent these two Isles are almost equal their qualities are likewise in many things correspondent as in their Grains Cattle and Fruits The Air of Cuba is healthful and its Forrests furnished with the best Wood Its Fowls for building of Ships It feeds store of Pullein Pigeons Tortells Partridges Flamengo's Whose feathers are white when little and of many colours when grown great It s Rivers stream down more Gold than those of Hispaniola Its Ports likewise greater and more safe but yet there are more Rocks and Banks about Cuba than Hispaniola It s chief places described with some of their rarities For the greatness of the Isle it hath but few Cities the chief of which are St. Jago seated in the bottom of a capacious Bay about two Leagues from the Sea whose Port is esteemed one of the best of all America being the seat of a Bishop who holds from the Arch Bishop of St. Domingo and beautified with a Cathedral Church and some Religious houses near the City and from the Sierra de Cobre they fetch Copper yet the City is much ruined and hath little trade Towards Baracoa its Mountains yield Ebony and Brasile it hath this inconveniency that its Port cannot receive great Vessels The goodness of the Air the fertility of the Soil and a pleasant Plain hath made St. Salvador the best place of the Island where they have a great trade though off from the Coast Near Porto del Precipe a Haven-Town in the North parts of the Isle there are Fountains of Bitumen which they make use of instead of Pitch to caulk their Ships and the Indians for divers Medicines The Port of Havana having its entrance streight and deep receives the Ocean in form of a Gulph capable to receive a thousand Vessels and secure them from the fury of the Sea or Winds The two Capes which inclose it have their Castles to defend the entrance and a third joyning to the City regards the opening of the Port the Ships which return from New Spain into Europe assemble together at Havana where they are furnished with all things necessary either for Food or War and dispose themselves to depart by the month of September passing by the Channel of Bahame which carries them into the Ocean Twenty five Leagues from Havana towards the East is the Port of Matanca's that is Massacres for that once those of the Country here slew some Spaniards A Vast Prize taken by Pieters Heyn In 1628 Pieters Heyn General for the West India Company surprized the Fleet returning to Spain and carried it in to the West India Company It was loaden with Silver Silk Cocheneil Hides Cassonade or powder Sugar and divers other Merchandizes all of great value This Prize was esteemed worth near seven Millions of crowns yet this great service was but very ill recompensed by the Governours
Mer del Sud Granada with its Cities described The new Kingdom of GRANADA lies almost all along the River Magdelane and from its Springs to the middle of its course are found a great many Cities as Sancta Fe de Bogata the Metropolis of this Kingdom of Granada the residence of the Governour and the See of an Archbishop a City well inhabited by Spaniards as well as the Natives St. Michael de Sancta Fe about 12 Leagues from Sancta Fe de Bogata Tocayma seated on the Banks of the River Pati La Palma de los Colimas a Town built by the Spaniards Tunia built on the top of a Hill being now a place of great strength serving for a Fortress against the Savages it is also a wealthy Town enjoying a good Trade La Trinidad de los Musos seated on a River of some note by reason of the Veins of Chrystal Emeralds and Adamants that are in its adjacent Fields St. John de los Linos seated in a corner full of Veins of Gold also Velez Ybagua Mariquita and Nuestra Sennora de los Remedios and these four last are on the left hand of the River the other seven on the right Distant from this River and between the Governments of Sancta Martha and Venezuela are likewise Pampelona rich in Mines of Gold Cattle and Herbs Merida and St. Christopher Tudela between la Trinidad and la Palma hath bâ—en transported to St. John de los Lianos Gonzalo Ximenes and Ferdinand Cortiz gained great Riches out of these parts â—n 1536 Gonzalo Ximenes over-run a great part of this new Kingdom of Granada and made booty of about 250000 Pezo's of Gold of which near 200000 were exceeding pure and besides the Gold 1800 Emeralds of divers sizes In another Incursion made by Ferdinand Cortez into these quarters were found five Emeralds of a vast price They were cut into divers fashions one into the form of a Fish another into a Bugle or small Horn a third into a little Bird a fourth into a Bell whose Clapper was a large Pearl fashioned like a Pear and the last into a Cup for which alone a Genouese Lapidary proffered 40000 Ducats with hopes of gaining great profit by it Many rich Mines of Gold Silver and other Metals The Air of this Government inclines to Heat the Valleys have Grains and Pastures but no Wine the Mountains have many rich Mines of Gold and other Metals the Silver Mines of St. Agatha are rich those de los Remedios have store of Gold and there are 12 or 15000 Negroes which labour in them Those of Musos near la Trinity and those of Pampilona St. Christopher and Merida are likewise of some esteem but above all the Mine of Emeralds near la Trinity where there is a Rock full GVIANA taken in general comprehends all that is found between the Rivers of Orinoque and of the Amazons from the Mountains which are above the Lake of Parima unto the Mer del Nort. These Mountains towards the South divide it from what is above the River of Amazons Orinoque divides it from Terra-Firma or New Andalousia on the West and the River of Amazons from Brazil on the East The length of this Guiana is near 400 Leagues the breadth 150 and in some places 200 The length and breadth of â—uiana and if we would divide Guiana into Guiana and Caribane this last would possess all the Coast and Guiana the parts within Land The Coast hath at divers times been frequented by the Spaniards English Hollanders and French who have all endeavoured to establish some Colonies what in one place what in another and all with design to have commerce with those within the Country where they hope to find a new Peru I mean the Kingdom of Manoa or El Dorado which they esteem very rich in Gold Rivers in Guiana with their Springs Cataracts length and breadth The Essequebe And they have observed exactly the Rivers Gulphs and Capes which present themselves on this Coast Among these Rivers the fairest and greatest are Essequebe Brebice Corretine Marruvine Cayanna the Aparuvaca or Cape Ruvaca and the Viapoco The Spring of the Essequebe according to the report of its Inhabitants is not above a days journey distant from the famous Lake of Parima and thence takes its course for 20 days journey to the Sea into which it discharges it self It is interrupted by divers Cataracts which hinders its being navigable for any considerable way which causes the Inland Country not to be so perfectly discovered as it might be were it otherwise The Brebice and Corretine The Brebice and Corretine have little less course than the Essequebe and no fewer Cataracts the last hath its Mouth to the Sea very large but not deep The Maruvine The Marruvine is no less than 4 or 5000 Geometrical Paces broad at its Mouth and the length of its course is esteemed to be 30 or 40 days journey The English who have mounted this River farther than any others have observed abundance of Rivers which lose themselves in it and say that here is found the Sensitive Plant or Herb which hath this natural property to close if never so little touched and to shut up its Flowers and fade if the least sprig be took from it not opening its Leaves till a good while after All these Rivers for the most part have their Cataracts under the same Parallel within 4 or 5 degrees of Latitude on this side the Equator which may make us judge that there is some ridge of Mountains or at least a continued Eminence which makes these Countries within Land of a higher scituation than those Parts neighboured by the Sea Cayanna Cayanna hath likewise in it those Mountains which are near the Lake of Parima and from its Spring to the Sea is no less than 100 Leagues in a strait line and twice as much according to its course It embraces an Isle where the French have endeavoured to settle a Colony which in time may come to good effect The Apuruvaca Apuruvaca or Caperuvaca hath a longer course than Cayanna It forms a great Lake not far from its Spring and embraces an Island near its Mouth When Harcourt an Englishman was on this River he found many People and those much different from one another Keymish another Englishman who was with the worthy Sir Walter Rawleigh who took so much pains to find out the Kingdom of Manoa assures us that in his time they could find no such People which makes it appear that these People are sometimes on one Coast and sometimes on another There are here found Paroquetto's and other very rare and beautiful Birds with pretty Apes and Monkies The Viapoco Viapoco hath a longer course than the Cayanna a shorter than the Apuruvaca and like all the others of this Coast suffers a fall 18 or 20 Leagues from the Sea where it disburthens it self with other Rivers into a little
part as those of Copiapo Conception l'Imperial Villa Rica Valdivia Osorno Caftro St. Jago Serena de la Frontera MAGELLANICK LAND St. Phillip de la Guadero TERRA DEL FUGO or the ISLAND of MAGELLAND PERU The greatness of Peru. PERV is an Empire or Kingdom so rich and great that all America Meridionalis or at least the half of that America sometimes takes the name of Peruviana Peru taken more precisely extends it self more or less according to the diversity of Authors It is for the most part between the Equinoctial Line and the Tropick of Capricorn where it hath more then 600 Leagues length and if we add the Part of Popayan which is on this side the Line and which depends on the Chamber of Quito in Peru and that part of Tucuman which is beyond the Tropick of Capricorn and which depends on the Chamber de la Plata It s length and breadth in Peru its length will not be much less than a 1000 Leagues It s breadth is likewise very diverse esteeming what the Spaniards more absolutely possess It s breadth will not be above one hundred or sometimes two or three hundred Leagues if we add all the Estates that lie upon the Amazon unto the Confines of Brazile we may make account of 6 or 700 Leagues of breadth According to some Authors this Country is divided into three Parts and all different from one another which Parts are the Hill-Countries the Andes and the Plains The Hill-Countries are twenty Leagues broad The parts of Peru are three and all different from one another as well in fertility as otherwise at the narrowest the Andes as much and the Plains Ten Leagues and something more and each part extends it self the whole length of the Country The Hill Countries are bare and naked the Andes well cloathed with Woods and Forrests and the Plains well furnished with Rivers together with the benefit of the Sea yet in many places the earth is sandy and dry which makes it unfit for Grains or Fruits In the Hill-Countries their Summer beginneth in April and endeth in September during which time they have fair weather and from September to April which is their Winter it raineth This Part is much subject to Winds which it receiveth from the Coast which bringeth a difference in the weather some Winds bringing Snow others Thunder others Rain and others Fair Weather and where there falleth but little Rain it is observed to be the more Fertil in Corn and Fruits On the Andes it is said to rain continually whereas in the Plains seldom or never and their Summer beginneth in October and endeth in April so that when it is Summer here it is Winter with those in the Hill-Countries And it s observed that a man in one daies journey may see Summer and Winter so that at his setting forth he may be in a manner frozen and before night scorched with heat Peru by the Spaniards divided into three Audiences in which are several Provinces That part of Peru best known and on the Mer del Sud hath been by the Spaniards divided into three Audiences viz Quito Lima and De la Plata That of Quito is the most Northern that of De la Plata the most Southern and that of Lima in the middle and each of these Audiences hath divers Provinces Quito holds part of Popayan part of the true Peru Los Quixos or La Canela Pazamoros or Gualsongo and likewise St. Juan de las Salinas That of Lima holds the true Peru where there were several Provinces which the name of Peru hath swallowed up And the Audience De la Plata holds the Provinces of Tucuman and De los Charcas and these Provinces comprehend aboundance of other lesser ones the knowledge of which is little necessary The Audience of Quito described It s chief Cities The Audience of Quito is about the Equinoctial Line and is 2 or 300 Leagues long and large The Quarter of Popayan subject to this Chamber hath the Cities of Popayan Cali Timana and others which we have already treated of with Popayan in Terra Firma The Quarter of Peru subject to Quito hath the Cities of 1. St. Francisco del Quito or simply Quito once one of the principal Cities the Ynca's of Peru being the Regal Seat of their Kings where they had a magnificent Palace Its Streets are strait broad and well ordered and its Houses well built is adorned with a fair Cathedral Church two Convents of Dominican and Franciscan Friars as also with the Courts of Judicature once very large but at present it hath not above Five hundred Houses of natural Spaniards Two or three thousand Houses Inhabited by the Natives and in its Territory near a hundred Villages where the Natives also reside since the Spaniards became Masters of Peru they have made this a place of good strength being well Fortified and as well stored with Ammunition 2. Rio Bamba of no note except for its ancient Palace of the Kings of Peru. 3. Cuenca seated in a Country well stored with Mines of Gold Silver Brass and Veins of Sulphur 4. Loxa seated in a sweet and pleasant Valley between two Rivers the Inhabitants are well furnished with Horses and Armour which is the chiefest part of their Wealth 5. St. Michael de Piura of no great account except it be for its being the first Colony which the Spaniards planted 6. Peru. in St. Jago de Guayaquil of some note seated near the influx of the River Guayaquill at the bottom of an Arm of the Sea 7. Castro de Vili another Colony of Spaniards 8. Porto Viejo seated not far from the Sea-shore but of no account by reason of the badness of its air its Port-Town is Mantu nigh to which is a rich Vein of Emeralds 9. Juan And 10. Zamora de los Arcaides both so called in reference to two Cities of those names in Spain and these are the Cities or Colonies which the Spaniards possess in the Audience of Quito which have been established at divers times and not long after the Conquest of Peru. The fertility of the Country Mines of Gold Silver and other Metals The air of the Country is sufficiently temperate though under the Line it is Fertil in Grains and Fruits well stored with Cattle especially with Sheep and also plentifully furnished both with Fish and Fowl but the Fertility of the Country is most seen about or near Quito and Porto Viejo near Lona and Camora are Mines of Gold near Cuenca Mines of Silver Quicksilver Copper and Iron Near Porto Viejo Mines of Emeralds and about Guayaquil is found Salsaparilla The Province de los Quixos The Province or Country DE LOS QVIXOS otherwise de la Canella is Eastward of Quito It s chief Cities are 1. Baesa built in 1559 by Giles Ramirez de Avila Eastward of Quito about eighteen Leagues now the Residence of the Governour 2. Archidona twenty Leagues South-Eastwards of Baeza 3.