the_o history_n of_o lapland_n wherein_o be_v show_v the_o original_a manner_n habit_n marriage_n conjuration_n etc._n etc._n of_o that_o people_n write_a by_o john_n shefferus_fw-la professor_n of_o law_n &_o rhetorrick_n at_o upsal_n in_o sweden_n at_o the_o theatre_n in_o oxon_n 1674_o the_o history_n of_o lapland_n wherein_o be_v show_v the_o original_a manner_n habit_n marriage_n conjuration_n etc._n etc._n of_o that_o people_n write_a by_o john_n scheffer_n professor_n of_o law_n and_o rhetoric_n at_o upsal_n in_o sweden_n at_o the_o theater_n in_o oxford_n m.dc.lxxiv_o and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o george_n west_n and_o amos_n curtain_n imprimatur_fw-la ra._n bathur_v vicecanc_a july_n 8._o 1674._o the_o preface_n the_o reader_n may_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o diligent_a and_o learned_a author_n of_o this_o history_n to_o the_o write_n of_o which_o he_o be_v command_v and_o therein_o assist_v by_o the_o chancellor_n of_o sweden_n have_v in_o the_o whole_a 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〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o english_a rag_n from_o whence_o ol._n petr._n nieuren_n who_o write_v of_o lapland_n in_o guslavus_fw-la adolphus_n time_n derive_v their_o name_n from_o their_o come_n into_o swedland_n every_o year_n with_o rag_n leap_v about_o they_o which_o be_v the_o signification_n of_o lapp_n in_o that_o language_n but_o they_o do_v not_o deserve_v that_o name_n mere_o for_o this_o reason_n any_o more_o than_o the_o finlander_n and_o other_o for_o they_o be_v general_o clothe_v in_o good_a woollen_a garment_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o grotius_n think_v they_o be_v call_v lap_n from_o run_v or_o leap_v but_o loepa_n which_o in_o the_o swedish_n language_n signify_v to_o run_v be_v write_v with_o a_o single_a p_o and_o the_o name_n of_o this_o country_n with_o a_o double_a one_o and_o these_o people_n natural_o be_v not_o great_a runner_n though_o by_o a_o be_v they_o have_v of_o slide_v over_o the_o freeze_a snow_n they_o be_v very_o swift_a in_o their_o motion_n 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mathias_n it_o be_v plain_a it_o be_v postnate_a to_o christianity_n since_o which_o time_n if_o we_o shall_v imagine_v the_o laplander_n first_o to_o have_v come_v into_o these_o part_n we_o must_v also_o suppose_v the_o country_n to_o have_v be_v till_o then_o uninhabited_a whereas_o we_o have_v all_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o biarmi_n and_o scridfinni_n live_v here_o before_o christ_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o seem_v by_o their_o name_n to_o have_v be_v only_o a_o colony_n send_v out_o of_o finland_n and_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o finlanders_n in_o these_o part_n in_o the_o time_n of_o harald_n the_o fair_a or_o harfager_n king_n of_o norway_n and_o his_o son_n ericus_n bodsexe_n who_o live_v long_o before_o the_o time_n of_o christianity_n and_o go_v down_o into_o finmark_n and_o biarmia_n and_o obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o they_o now_o if_o he_o go_v by_o sea_n northwards_o of_o norway_n to_o come_v to_o finmark_n finmark_n then_o must_v have_v be_v near_o 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account_v banish_v that_o will_v not_o renounce_v pagan_a superstition_n therefore_o they_o be_v just_o call_v lappi_n and_o care_v not_o to_o hear_v of_o the_o name_n to_o this_o day_n and_o this_o be_v my_o opinion_n of_o their_o original_n and_o migration_n out_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v not_o be_v persuade_v by_o those_o learned_a man_n who_o believe_v they_o rather_o come_v from_o the_o tartar_n for_o we_o never_o read_v of_o any_o of_o they_o go_v into_o the_o north_n moreover_o the_o tartar_n live_v altogether_o by_o war_n and_o plunder_v whereas_o the_o laplander_n live_v by_o hunt_v and_o graze_v abhor_v nothing_o more_o than_o war_n beside_o the_o chief_n delight_n of_o the_o tartar_n be_v in_o have_v many_o stately_a horse_n of_o which_o the_o lap_n be_v so_o ignorant_a that_o in_o their_o whole_a language_n they_o have_v not_o a_o word_n to_o signify_v a_o horse_n the_o language_n also_o of_o the_o two_o nation_n be_v so_o different_a that_o one_o can_v possible_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o other_o and_o although_o some_o learned_a man_n who_o pretend_v they_o understand_v both_o language_n of_o finland_n and_o lapland_n confident_o aver_v that_o they_o be_v altogether_o diverse_a yet_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o produce_v diverse_a man_n as_o well_o skilled_a in_o they_o as_o they_o that_o say_v the_o contrary_n beside_o it_o be_v no_o consequence_n because_o there_o be_v a_o few_o difference_n between_o the_o finland_n and_o lapland_n language_n that_o they_o be_v therefore_o utter_o diverse_a when_o this_o disagree_v may_v rather_o proceed_v from_o the_o length_n of_o time_n than_o any_o diversity_n of_o the_o tongue_n at_o first_o as_o we_o find_v now_o many_o swedish_n word_n that_o do_v not_o at_o all_o agree_v with_o those_o now_o in_o vogue_n which_o yet_o do_v not_o constitute_v a_o new_a language_n and_o their_o say_v the_o laplander_n can_v
not_o come_v from_o the_o finlander_n because_o they_o always_o hate_v one_o another_o be_v of_o little_a force_n when_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o hatred_n be_v enough_o explain_v already_o but_o it_o signify_v less_o that_o the_o finlander_n have_v several_a custom_n and_o manner_n not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o laplander_n as_o the_o way_n of_o build_v house_n etc._n etc._n for_o these_o be_v to_o accommodate_v themselves_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n whither_o they_o come_v and_o to_o forget_v those_o thing_n which_o will_v not_o be_v of_o any_o use_n to_o they_o and_o moreover_o there_o remain_v still_o a_o memorial_n of_o those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o finland_n where_o they_o first_o sit_v down_o in_o the_o wood_n of_o tavastia_n near_o a_o lake_n which_o they_o call_v lappiakairo_n that_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o the_o laplander_n who_o when_o their_o necessary_a food_n grow_v scarce_o go_v further_o up_o into_o the_o desert_n and_o the_o finlander_n pursue_v they_o in_o tavastia_n they_o retreat_v to_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n where_o they_o may_v be_v more_o safe_a and_o have_v more_o convenience_n for_o live_v and_o this_o be_v that_o migration_n yet_o in_o memory_n which_o plantin_n speak_v of_o viz._n that_o the_o laplander_n live_v here_o for_o a_o age_n or_o more_o till_o the_o time_n of_o king_n magn._n ladulaos_n an._n 1272_o who_o to_o get_v they_o under_o his_o subjection_n promise_v any_o one_o that_o can_v effect_v it_o the_o government_n of_o they_o which_o the_o birkarli_n i._n e._n those_o that_o live_v in_o the_o allotment_n or_o division_n of_o birkala_n undertake_v and_o have_v for_o a_o great_a while_n cunning_o insinuate_v themselves_o into_o they_o under_o a_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n at_o last_o set_v upon_o they_o unaware_o and_o quite_o subdue_v they_o but_o before_o this_o they_o be_v infest_a by_o the_o tavasti_fw-la under_o the_o command_n of_o kurk_n which_o if_o we_o will_v strict_o examine_v we_o shall_v find_v it_o of_o late_a date_n than_o about_o christ_n time_n contrary_a to_o some_o man_n opinion_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o thing_n that_o be_v take_v upon_o trust_n the_o laplander_n confound_v the_o more_o modern_a with_o the_o ancient_a make_v but_o one_o history_n of_o all_o that_o happen_v in_o the_o distinct_a time_n of_o ericus_n sanctus_n magnus_n ladulaos_n with_o some_o other_o king_n before_o and_o after_o and_o that_o so_o confuse_a and_o lame_a that_o it_o be_v hard_o for_o any_o one_o to_o understand_v it_o ol._n petr._n mention_n at_o large_a one_o mathias_n captain_n of_o the_o finlander_n when_o they_o subdue_v and_o drive_v out_o the_o laplander_n into_o the_o further_a and_o most_o desolate_a place_n of_o the_o north_n who_o some_o think_v to_o be_v a_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o kurk_n in_o finland_n and_o that_o he_o cease_v not_o by_o frequent_a inroad_n upon_o they_o to_o molest_v they_o till_o they_o promise_v to_o pay_v he_o yearly_a tribute_n which_o he_o at_o length_n weary_a of_o the_o long_a and_o tedious_a journey_n exchange_v with_o some_o of_o birkarla_fw-mi in_o tavastia_n for_o a_o part_n of_o finland_n whence_o follow_v what_o be_v most_o true_a that_o the_o laplander_n to_o the_o year_n 1554_o pay_v annual_a tribute_n to_o the_o birkarli_n beside_o who_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o other_o to_o trade_n with_o they_o there_o be_v those_o now_o live_v who_o say_v they_o have_v see_v the_o letter_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o kurk_v keep_v in_o ersnee_n a_o allotment_n of_o lulalapmark_n by_o one_o jo._n nilson_n which_o thing_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v immediate_o after_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n that_o they_o may_v be_v reasonable_o think_v to_o have_v be_v since_o mag._n ladulaos_n unless_o we_o can_v imagine_v that_o ol._n petr._n by_o his_o tavasti_fw-la and_o buraeus_fw-la by_o birkarli_n mean_v the_o same_o people_n since_o there_o be_v other_o birkarli_n inhabitant_n of_o tavastia_n who_o choose_v they_o a_o captain_n name_v kurk_n under_o who_o they_o drive_v out_o the_o laplander_n out_o of_o the_o border_n of_o the_o eastern_a bothnia_n and_o make_v they_o tributary_n and_o the_o letter_n may_v not_o be_v ascribe_v to_o kurk_n but_o to_o ladulaos_n in_o which_o he_o have_v grant_v the_o birkarli_n the_o privilege_n to_o receive_v tribute_n of_o the_o lap_n and_o of_o traffic_v with_o they_o for_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o kurk_n though_o he_o be_v their_o choose_a captain_n be_v to_o have_v all_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o laplander_n to_o himself_o so_o as_o by_o contract_n to_o tranfer_v to_o the_o birkarli_n his_o right_n for_o the_o tavastii_n be_v either_o a_o free_a people_n and_o so_o share_v among_o one_o another_o whatever_o they_o get_v or_o else_o under_o some_o prince_n and_o so_o can_v not_o give_v another_o what_o be_v not_o their_o own_o but_o their_o master_n beside_o if_o they_o do_v give_v kurk_n any_o thing_n as_o some_o village_n or_o the_o like_a it_o be_v not_o from_o any_o bargain_n that_o they_o be_v to_o receive_v in_o its_o stead_n tribute_n from_o the_o laplander_n but_o as_o a_o reward_n to_o himself_o for_o his_o pain_n and_o conduct_n in_o the_o war_n but_o whatever_o may_v be_v say_v of_o kurk_n and_o the_o tavasti_fw-la it_o be_v certain_a the_o laplander_n never_o come_v original_o from_o the_o russian_n nor_o as_o other_o think_v from_o the_o tartar_n but_o from_o the_o finlander_n have_v be_v drive_v out_o of_o their_o country_n and_o force_v to_o change_v their_o habitation_n often_o till_o at_o length_n they_o sixth_o in_o this_o land_n where_o they_o now_o live_v and_o that_o country_n which_o from_o the_o remove_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v call_v lapland_n have_v the_o same_o name_n continue_v by_o the_o swede_n who_o have_v conquer_v the_o great_a part_n thereof_o for_o after_o the_o swede_n have_v learn_v from_o the_o finlander_n that_o they_o be_v call_v lap_n they_o also_o give_v they_o the_o same_o name_n than_o the_o dane_n take_v it_o up_o then_o saxo_n afterward_o ziegler_n then_o dam._n go_v who_o have_v the_o account_n which_o he_o give_v of_o the_o laplander_n from_o ol._n and_o joh._n magn._n and_o so_o at_o last_o all_o the_o country_n be_v call_v lapland_n from_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n northwards_o especial_o after_o it_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o swede_n except_o only_o that_o part_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n which_o retain_v its_o ancient_a name_n of_o finland_n as_o also_o that_o part_n towards_o the_o white_a sea_n call_v by_o the_o moscovite_n cajanica_n although_o these_o sometime_o call_v the_o inhabitant_n loppi_n which_o without_o doubt_n they_o take_v from_o their_o neighbour_n the_o finlander_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o laplander_n have_v see_v the_o rise_n and_o original_a of_o the_o laplander_n we_o come_v now_o to_o speak_v more_o distinct_o of_o they_o but_o first_o of_o their_o religion_n not_o only_o what_o be_v now_o but_o also_o what_o be_v before_o christianity_n come_v to_o be_v receive_v there_o for_o there_o be_v laplander_n or_o at_o least_o some_o inhabitant_n of_o lapland_n before_o the_o christian_a religion_n be_v introduce_v such_o as_o the_o finni_n lappofinni_n scridfinni_n or_o biarmi_n as_o be_v above_o say_v but_o it_o be_v very_o long_o before_o the_o laplander_n proper_o so_o call_v embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n at_o first_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n they_o be_v pagan_n as_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n be_v but_o be_v all_o pagan_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o religion_n it_o may_v be_v inquire_v which_o the_o laplander_n profess_v and_o i_o suppose_v it_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o of_o the_o finlander_n from_o who_o they_o derive_v their_o original_n and_o consequent_o their_o religion_n too_o but_o what_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o finlander_n be_v be_v very_o uncertain_a since_o we_o have_v no_o account_n of_o the_o ancient_a affair_n of_o that_o nation_n therefore_o we_o must_v make_v our_o conjecture_n from_o the_o biarmi_n and_o scridfinni_n as_o also_o from_o some_o remain_v among_o the_o finlander_n and_o laplander_n we_o have_v already_o prove_v the_o biarmi_n to_o be_v the_o first_o colony_n that_o the_o finlander_v send_v into_o lapland_n of_o who_o this_o be_v chief_o record_v in_o ancient_a monument_n that_o they_o worship_v a_o certain_a god_n who_o they_o call_v jumala_n which_o jumala_n or_o jomala_n be_v manifest_o a_o different_a word_n from_o what_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o history_n of_o st._n olaus_n king_n of_o norway_n and_o of_o herrodus_n for_o they_o relate_v it_o as_o peculiar_a to_o the_o biarmi_n and_o unknown_a to_o themselves_o who_o be_v either_o goth_n norwegian_n or_o islander_n it_o can_v possible_o be_v any_o old_a gothic_a word_n but_o of_o some_o other_o country_n and_o therefore_o most_o
observe_v it_o as_o a_o memorable_a thing_n and_o which_o he_o will_v not_o have_v believe_v from_o any_o one_o have_v he_o not_o see_v it_o himself_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1616_o june_n 24_o go_v to_o the_o church_n of_o thor_n he_o see_v the_o tree_n bud_v and_o the_o grass_n come_v up_o green_a out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o within_o a_o fortnight_n after_o he_o see_v the_o plant_n full_o blow_v and_o the_o leaf_n of_o the_o tree_n at_o their_o perfection_n as_o if_o they_o have_v know_v how_o short_a the_o summer_n be_v to_o be_v and_o therefore_o make_v such_o haste_n to_o enjoy_v it_o their_o soil_n be_v general_o neither_o very_o fertile_a nor_o barren_a but_o between_o both_o full_a of_o flint_n stone_n and_o rock_n every_o where_o appear_v high_a by_o who_o unevenness_n and_o roughness_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o ground_n about_o be_v useless_a the_o ground_n be_v general_o very_o soft_a and_o slabby_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o lake_n and_o river_n overslow_v yet_o will_v it_o be_v sit_v either_o for_o tillage_n or_o pasture_n if_o any_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n and_o charge_n of_o drain_n it_o ol._n petrus_n say_v of_o the_o southern_a part_n lie_v under_o the_o same_o climate_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o heaven_n with_o bothnia_n that_o it_o be_v as_o apt_a to_o bear_v any_o grain_n as_o the_o western_a bothnia_n itself_o but_o this_o be_v not_o without_o a_o concurrence_n and_o aptitude_n likewise_o of_o the_o soil_n and_o he_o himself_o confess_v in_o chap._n 12_o that_o the_o land_n be_v stony_a sandy_a uneven_a overrun_v in_o some_o place_n with_o brier_n and_o thorn_n and_o in_o other_o nothing_o but_o hill_n moor_n fen_n and_o stand_a water_n which_o be_v not_o the_o quality_n that_o usual_o commend_v land_n for_o agriculture_n then_o as_o to_o his_o urge_v its_o verdant_a and_o rich_a pasture_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o all_o land_n which_o yield_v much_o grass_n shall_v be_v equal_o capable_a of_o bear_v good_a corn_n yet_o do_v the_o land_n afford_v plenty_n of_o grass_n and_o that_o so_o good_a that_o their_o cattle_n be_v fatten_v much_o cheap_a and_o soon_o with_o it_o than_o any_o other_o thing_n as_o also_o divers_a herb_n but_o particular_o it_o be_v happy_a in_o all_o kind_n of_o potherb_n there_o be_v many_o large_a wood_n and_o forest_n especial_o towards_o norway_n but_o not_o very_o thick_a likewise_o steep_a rock_n and_o high_a mountain_n call_v doffrini_fw-la upon_o who_o naked_a top_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n to_o which_o they_o be_v expose_v never_o yet_o grow_v tree_n below_o these_o hill_n lie_v most_o pleasant_a valley_n in_o which_o be_v clear_a fountain_n and_o rivulet_n innumerable_a which_o emty_v themselves_o into_o the_o river_n at_o length_n be_v carry_v into_o the_o bothnic_a sea_n their_o water_n be_v clear_a sweet_a and_o wholesome_a only_o their_o forest_n abound_v with_o stink_a and_o stand_v pool_n this_o country_n winter_n and_o summer_n have_v a_o incredible_a number_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o wild_a beast_n especial_o the_o lesser_a sort_n which_o suffice_v not_o only_o for_o their_o own_o use_n but_o to_o drive_v a_o great_a trade_n with_o their_o neighbour_n they_o have_v bird_n also_o of_o all_o sort_n very_o many_o but_o fish_n in_o such_o abundance_n that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o native_n be_v entire_o feed_v by_o they_o but_o of_o all_o these_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n i_o will_v add_v no_o more_o here_o but_o this_o that_o the_o description_n of_o old_a finland_n or_o scritofinnia_n by_o the_o ancient_n be_v the_o same_o which_o have_v be_v give_v here_o of_o lapland_n to_o confirm_v what_o i_o say_v before_o that_o these_o country_n differ_v only_o in_o name_n and_o not_o in_o nature_n and_o situation_n we_o come_v now_o to_o its_o division_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o division_n of_o lapland_n those_o who_o have_v write_v of_o lapland_n mention_n disserent_fw-la division_n of_o it_o saxo_n in_o his_o 5_o book_n and_o elsewhere_o speak_v of_o two_o lapland_n and_o after_o he_o johannes_n magnus_n tell_v we_o that_o both_o the_o lapland_n be_v join_v together_o southward_o i_o suppose_v in_o that_o division_n they_o have_v respect_n to_o their_o situation_n and_o mean_v the_o eastern_a and_o the_o western_a lapland_n for_o so_o damianus_n go_v who_o seem_v to_o borrow_v from_o joh._n magnus_n express_v it_o lapland_n say_v he_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o eastern_a and_o the_o western_a separate_v from_o each_o other_o by_o the_o bothnic_a sea_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o lie_v on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o bothnia_n be_v call_v the_o eastern_a lapland_n and_o that_o which_o lie_v on_o the_o other_o the_o western_a beside_o this_o division_n of_o lapland_n there_o be_v another_o take_v from_o the_o place_n most_o frequent_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o one_o part_n thereof_o lie_v along_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v from_o thence_o call_v sioefindmarken_v that_o be_v the_o maritime_a lapland_n the_o other_o lie_v high_o on_o the_o continent_n fioeldmarken_v that_o be_v inland_n lapland_n though_o by_o some_o they_o be_v call_v simple_o findmarken_v and_o lappmarken_v this_o last_o division_n pet._n claud_n give_v we_o in_o his_o 27_o chapter_n all_o the_o sea_n coast_n say_v he_o northward_o and_o eastward_o as_o far_o as_o findmarkia_n reach_v be_v possess_v by_o the_o siaefinni_n or_o maritime_a finlander_n but_o the_o mountainous_a and_o champaign_n country_n by_o the_o lapfinni_n from_o thence_o name_v lapmarkia_n or_o wildfindlandia_n that_o be_v wild_a or_o savage_a findland_n where_o he_o call_v one_o part_n of_o the_o country_n lapmarckia_n the_o other_o findmarckia_fw-la the_o one_o lie_v along_o the_o shore_n and_o border_v on_o the_o sea_n the_o other_o mountainous_a woody_a and_o savage_a upon_o the_o terra_fw-la firma_fw-la and_o this_o too_o may_v be_v worth_a our_o notice_n that_o wildfinland_n with_o he_o be_v that_o which_o other_o call_v lappmarkia_n i_o suppose_v because_o the_o native_n live_v by_o hunt_v as_o those_o of_o the_o other_o do_v by_o fish_v for_o he_o present_o add_v there_o be_v many_o thousand_o in_o that_o place_n that_o feed_v on_o nothing_o but_o the_o flesh_n of_o wild_a beast_n and_o indeed_o some_o there_o be_v with_o who_o those_o only_a pass_n for_o the_o true_a laplander_n as_o samuel_n rheen_n who_o in_o his_o 2_o chapter_n of_o his_o forementioned_a book_n tell_v we_o that_o beside_o the_o scrickfinni_n so_o he_o call_v they_o that_o with_o pet._n claud._n be_v sioefinne_n there_o be_v other_o true_a laplander_n that_o live_v on_o nothing_o but_o rain_n deer_n and_o so_o from_o the_o native_n feed_v on_o wild_a beast_n lapland_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v also_o style_v wildfindland_n in_o opposition_n to_o findmarkia_n who_o inhabitant_n live_v both_o on_o fish_n and_o cattle_n and_o yet_o there_o may_v be_v give_v another_o reason_n for_o the_o imposition_n of_o this_o name_n from_o the_o many_o wood_n of_o that_o country_n olaus_n magnus_n in_o more_o place_n than_o one_o call_v the_o native_n man_n that_o dwell_v in_o wood_n or_o savage_n as_o in_o the_o title_n of_o his_o 3_o chapt._n of_o his_o 4_o book_n which_o be_v concern_v the_o fierceness_n of_o the_o savage_n or_o those_o that_o dwell_v in_o wood_n in_o which_o chapter_n he_o describe_v the_o laplander_n and_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n he_o say_v that_o the_o wild_a laplander_n be_v clothe_v with_o rich_a skin_n of_o several_a beast_n the_o baron_n herberstenius_fw-la also_o in_o his_o history_n of_o moscovy_n call_v they_o savage_a laplander_n who_o though_o they_o dwell_v say_v he_o on_o the_o sea_n coast_n in_o little_a cottage_n and_o lead_v a_o brutish_a kind_n of_o life_n be_v yet_o more_o civilise_a then_o the_o savage_n of_o lapland_n whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o the_o findlander_n live_v near_o the_o sea_n he_o mean_v those_o that_o other_o call_v sioefinne_n and_o by_o the_o savage_a laplander_n those_o that_o possess_v the_o inland_n country_n who_o he_o think_v be_v so_o call_v from_o their_o wildness_n and_o barbarity_n and_o by_o and_o by_o he_o add_v that_o by_o converse_n with_o stranger_n who_o come_v thither_o to_o trade_n they_o begin_v to_o lay_v aside_o their_o savage_a nature_n and_o become_v a_o little_a more_o civilise_a afterward_o he_o call_v they_o diki_n loppi_n which_o name_n the_o moscovite_n give_v they_o at_o this_o time_n as_o have_v be_v show_v elsewhere_o there_o be_v also_o a_o 3_o division_n of_o lapland_n that_o respect_v the_o several_a prince_n to_o who_o the_o country_n be_v in_o subjection_n and_o this_o andr._n buraeus_fw-la intend_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o the_o great_a part_n of_o lapland_n viz._n the_o southern_a and_o inland_n
country_n belong_v all_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n the_o maritime_a tract_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o ocean_n and_o be_v call_v findmark_n who_o inhabitant_n the_o sioefinni_n or_o maritime_a findlander_n be_v so_o name_v from_o their_o live_n by_o fish_v to_o norway_n the_o rest_n of_o they_o that_o dwell_v from_o the_o castle_n of_o warhuus_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o white_a sea_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o russian_n which_o part_n the_o swede_n call_v trennes_n the_o native_n pyhinienni_n and_o the_o russian_n tarchana_n voloch_fw-fr of_o their_o subjection_n to_o these_o several_a prince_n we_o shall_v speak_v when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o their_o government_n and_o also_o of_o those_o part_n that_o belong_v to_o norway_n or_o denmark_n and_o russia_n at_o present_a we_o shall_v only_o mention_v the_o division_n of_o that_o part_n which_o be_v under_o the_o swede_n and_o be_v name_v by_o buraeus_fw-la the_o southern_a and_o inland_n lapland_n and_o by_o petr._n claud._n lappmarkia_n proper_o so_o call_v this_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o lesser_a part_n call_v marker_n or_o land_n though_o buraeus_fw-la choose_v to_o render_v they_o territory_n or_o province_n each_o of_o these_o have_v their_o distinct_a name_n and_o be_v call_v aongermandlandslapmark_n vmalappmark_n pithalappmark_n lulalapmark_n tornalapmark_n kiemilapmark_n so_o samuel_n rheen_n in_o his_o first_o chapter_n that_o part_n of_o lapland_n which_o belong_v to_o sweden_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o kiemensian_a tornensian_a lulensian_a pithensian_a umensian_a and_o angermanlandensian_a lapmark_n buraeus_fw-la mention_n but_o five_o of_o these_o province_n viz._n vmalappmark_n pithalappmark_n lulalapmark_n tornelapmark_n and_o kimilapmark_n comprehend_v angermandlandslapmark_n under_o vmalapmark_n not_o that_o they_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o province_n but_o because_o they_o be_v both_o govern_v by_o one_o lieutenant_n each_o of_o these_o province_n take_v their_o name_n from_o river_n that_o run_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o they_o as_o wexionius_n in_o his_o description_n of_o swedland_n assure_v we_o as_o for_o their_o situation_n angermanlandslapmark_n border_n upon_o andermannia_n and_o jemtia_n to_o this_o join_v vmalapmark_n next_o to_o that_o be_v pithalapmark_n and_o then_o lulelapmark_n all_o of_o they_o lie_v westward_o reach_v on_o one_o side_n to_o that_o ridg_z of_o hill_n that_o divide_v swedland_n from_o norway_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o the_o western_a bothnia_n northward_o of_o they_o lie_v tornelapmark_n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o fartheh_a corner_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n all_o along_o the_o north_n sea_n call_v by_o seaman_n cape_n noort_n next_o to_o this_o lie_v kimilapmark_n wind_v from_o the_o north_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o bound_v on_o one_o side_n by_o the_o eastern_a bothnia_n on_o another_o side_n by_o that_o part_n of_o lapland_n that_o belong_v to_o russia_n and_o on_o a_o three_o side_n by_o cajania_n and_o carelia_n moreover_o these_o province_n we_o be_v speak_v of_o be_v subdivide_v into_o lesser_a part_n call_v by_o the_o swede_n byar_n as_o samuel_n rheen_n tell_v we_o and_o be_v equivavalent_a to_o our_o shire_n and_o the_o pagi_n of_o the_o ancient_n so_o in_o caesar_n we_o meet_v with_o pagus_n tigurinus_n and_o pagi_n suevorum_n which_o be_v not_o village_n or_o country_n town_n but_o large_a part_n of_o a_o country_n such_o as_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d use_v in_o ancient_a time_n in_o the_o division_n of_o egypt_n hence_o the_o glossary_a render_v the_o ancient_a toparchiae_n pagus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v several_a of_o these_o pagi_n or_o shire_n in_o each_o province_n except_o angermanlandslapmark_n which_o make_v but_o one_o pagus_n vulgar_o call_v aosahla_n vmalapmark_n have_v four_o vma_n lais_n or_o raanby_n granby_n and_o vapsteen_n pithalapmark_n seven_o graotreskby_n arfwejerfsby_n lochteby_n arrieplogsby_n wisierfby_n norrvesterby_n westerby_n lulalapmark_n five_o jochmoch_n sochjoch_n torpinjaur_n zerkislocht_v and_o rautomjaur_n tornelapmark_n eight_o tingawaara_n siggewaara_fw-mi sondewara_fw-mi ronolaby_o pellejerf_n kiedkajerf_n manstalka_n saodankyla_n kithilaby_n so_o that_o all_o the_o territory_n or_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o 33_o byars_n in_o each_o of_o these_o there_o be_v several_a clan_n or_o family_n which_o the_o swede_n call_v raekar_n each_o of_o which_o have_v a_o certain_a allotment_n of_o ground_n assign_v they_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o themselves_o and_o their_o cattle_n not_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o country_n farm_n with_o we_o but_o of_o a_o very_a great_a length_n and_o breadth_n so_o as_o to_o include_v river_n lake_n wood_n and_o the_o like_a which_o all_o belong_v to_o one_o clan_n or_o family_n in_o every_o biar_n there_o be_v as_o many_o allotment_n as_o there_o be_v family_n that_o can_v live_v of_o themselves_o and_o be_v not_o force_v by_o poverty_n to_o serve_v other_o in_o the_o byar_n call_v aosahla_n there_o be_v about_o 30_o of_o these_o clan_n or_o family_n in_o other_o more_o or_o less_o according_a as_o they_o be_v in_o bigness_n which_o all_o have_v their_o several_a name_n though_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a while_n to_o repeat_v they_o and_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v of_o the_o three_o division_n of_o lapland_n not_o late_o make_v except_o that_o under_o charles_n ix_o some_o clan_n have_v certain_a allotment_n assign_v they_o but_o derive_v from_o very_o ancient_a time_n as_o appear_v from_o hence_o that_o neither_o the_o laplander_n have_v know_v nor_o the_o swede_n give_v they_o any_o other_o since_o the_o country_n have_v be_v under_o their_o subjection_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n modern_a or_o take_v from_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v give_v any_o cause_n to_o suspect_v they_o of_o novelty_n which_o i_o the_o rather_o observe_v that_o from_o hence_o the_o native_a simplicity_n agreeable_a to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o nation_n may_v appear_v chap._n v._o of_o the_o laplander_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o inclination_n temper_n and_o habit_n of_o their_o mind_n and_o body_n it_o be_v almost_o peculiar_a to_o this_o people_n to_o be_v all_o of_o they_o of_o low_a stature_n which_o be_v attest_v by_o the_o general_a suffrage_n of_o those_o writer_n who_o have_v describe_v this_o country_n hence_o the_o learned_a isaac_n vossius_fw-la observe_v that_o pigmy_n be_v say_v to_o inhabit_v here_o and_o add_v that_o they_o be_v a_o deform_a people_n but_o in_o truth_n their_o feature_n and_o proportion_n be_v good_a enough_o and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o distort_v sufficient_o appear_v from_o their_o great_a agility_n of_o body_n and_o fitness_n for_o active_a employment_n nor_o need_v we_o dispute_v of_o this_o since_o in_o sweden_n we_o see_v they_o every_o day_n among_o we_o and_o can_v observe_v no_o defect_n in_o any_o kind_n or_o deformity_n by_o lomenius_fw-la unjust_o ascribe_v to_o they_o ol._n mag._n and_o tornaeus_n esteem_v their_o young_a woman_n indifferent_o handsome_a and_o of_o a_o clear_a skin_n which_o i_o have_v often_o see_v myself_o for_o they_o take_v great_a care_n to_o preserve_v their_o natural_a beauty_n which_o the_o man_n neglect_v to_o do_v and_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v less_o amiable_a than_o the_o other_o sex_n it_o be_v to_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o choice_n not_o nature_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v the_o length_n of_o their_o frost_n and_o the_o bitterness_n of_o the_o air_n against_o which_o they_o neither_o arm_v themselves_o sufficient_o with_o clothes_n nor_o know_v how_o to_o do_v so_o beside_o the_o smoke_n which_o continual_o fill_v their_o cottage_n empair_v very_o much_o their_o natural_a complexion_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o most_o of_o the_o man_n also_o be_v so_o swart_a and_o as_o they_o be_v general_o short_a they_o be_v also_o very_o lean_a and_o it_o be_v rare_a to_o see_v a_o fat_a man_n among_o they_o for_o the_o cold_a that_o prevent_v their_o grow_a tall_a dry_v up_o likewise_o their_o moisture_n and_o make_v they_o apt_a to_o be_v slender_a they_o be_v also_o very_a light_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o bulk_n and_o stature_n which_o come_v from_o their_o not_o eat_v any_o salt_n if_o we_o will_v believe_v ol._n petr._n and_o thus_o much_o may_v be_v say_v in_o general_a of_o the_o frame_n and_o condition_n of_o their_o body_n as_o for_o their_o particular_a part_n they_o have_v thick_a head_n prominent_a forehead_n hollow_a and_o blear_a eye_n short_a flat_a nose_n and_o wide_a mouth_n their_o hair_n be_v thin_a short_a and_o flaggy_a their_o beard_n straggle_v and_o scarce_o cover_v their_o chin_n the_o hair_n of_o both_o sex_n be_v general_o black_a and_o hard_a very_o seldom_o yellow_a their_o breast_n broad_a slender_a waste_n spindle_n shank_n and_o swift_a of_o foot_n they_o be_v very_o strong_a in_o their_o limb_n so_o that_o in_o a_o bow_n which_o a_o norwegian_a can_v scarce_o half_a bend_n they_o will_v draw_v a_o arrow_n
under_o pretence_n of_o the_o public_a account_n for_o their_o own_o proper_a use_n yet_o this_o custom_n continue_v not_o long_o be_v think_v perhaps_o too_o burdensome_a to_o the_o laplander_n and_o very_o prejudiciable_a to_o their_o herd_n wherefore_o it_o be_v order_v in_o 1606_o that_o every_o one_o which_o be_v then_o 17_o year_n of_o age_n shall_v pay_v either_o two_o buck_n or_o three_o do_v out_o of_o their_o herd_n of_o rain-deers_a and_o eight_o pound_n of_o dry_a fish_n as_o also_o every_o ten_o fawn_n out_o of_o their_o stock_n and_o every_o ten_o tun_n from_o their_o fishery_n this_o tax_n be_v also_o impose_v on_o the_o birkarli_n that_o have_v any_o trafic_n with_o they_o this_o order_n be_v keep_v a_o long_a while_n and_o renew_v again_o by_o the_o same_o king_n in_o 1610._o the_o tribute_n they_o pay_v at_o this_o time_n be_v either_o money_n rain-deers_a or_o skin_n either_o plain_a or_o fit_v up_o for_o use_n these_o they_o pay_v according_a to_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o province_n in_o which_o they_o dwell_v the_o large_a of_o which_o they_o say_v be_v even_o heel_n skatt_fw-mi that_o be_v they_o pay_v the_o full_a tribute_n the_o lesser_a even_o half_a skatt_fw-mi that_o be_v half_a tribute_n and_o so_o likewise_o for_o the_o rest_n he_o that_o possess_v a_o province_n of_o the_o whole_a tribute_n pay_v two_o patacoon_n which_o they_o call_v skattadaler_n and_o other_o that_o have_v lesser_a possession_n and_o half_a tribute_n give_v one_o patacoon_n those_o which_o want_v money_n pay_v fish_n or_o skin_n which_o be_v common_o of_o fox_n or_o squirrel_n of_o these_o 50_o of_o the_o other_o one_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o lapland_n shoe_n be_v equal_a to_o a_o patacoon_n two_o pound_n also_o of_o dry_a fish_n be_v of_o the_o same_o value_n now_o to_o every_o pound_n of_o dry_a fish_n they_o allow_v five_o over_o because_o so_o much_o be_v common_o lose_v in_o the_o dry_n they_o call_v this_o pound_n with_o its_o addition_n skattpund_v that_o be_v the_o pound_n for_o tribute_n they_o value_v their_o rain-deers_a at_o 3_o dollar_n a_o piece_n and_o pay_v the_o ten_o of_o they_o not_o each_o family_n but_o every_o hundred_o i_o have_v set_v the_o price_n down_o here_o because_o if_o any_o one_o have_v rather_o keep_v his_o cattle_n he_o can_v be_v force_v to_o no_o more_o than_o after_o this_o rate_n now_o concern_v the_o ten_o they_o pay_v of_o skin_n every_o householder_n be_v tax_v one_o white_a foxe_n skin_n or_o a_o pair_n of_o lapland_n shoe_n if_o he_o have_v neither_o of_o these_o half_o a_o pound_n of_o dry_a jack_n this_o be_v the_o tribute_n yearly_o receive_v by_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n from_o lapland_n of_o which_o the_o great_a part_n be_v common_o by_o the_o king_n gracious_a favour_n allow_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o priest_n as_o be_v show_v in_o another_o place_n now_o because_o it_o be_v so_o far_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n before_o these_o commodity_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o king_n storehouse_n beside_o the_o ordinary_a tax_n they_o give_v a_o pair_n of_o lapland_n shoe_n which_o they_o call_v haxapalka_n that_o be_v the_o price_n for_o carriage_n this_o be_v all_o they_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n but_o beside_o they_o be_v tributary_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o danmark_n and_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o moscovy_n not_o as_o subject_n to_o these_o prince_n but_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o receive_n several_a advantage_n from_o their_o dominion_n in_o their_o hunt_n and_o fish_v those_o that_o be_v thus_o be_v all_o the_o allotment_n of_o torna_fw-la beyond_o the_o mountain_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o liberty_n they_o have_v to_o bring_v down_o their_o cattle_n from_o the_o mountain_n into_o the_o valley_n in_o the_o summer_n time_n near_o the_o sea_n shore_n and_o take_v the_o opportunity_n from_o thence_o of_o fish_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o dane_n but_o not_o at_o above_o half_a the_o rate_n that_o they_o pay_v to_o the_o swede_n these_o allotment_n be_v call_v koutokeine_n aujovara_n teno_n and_o vtziocki_n the_o laplander_n also_o of_o the_o allotment_n of_o lnare_n in_o kiemi_n be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n who_o for_o fish_v and_o hunt_v pay_n both_o to_o the_o dane_n and_o moscovite_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o swede_n to_o the_o first_o one_o half_a to_o the_o other_o a_o three_o part_n of_o what_o the_o swede_n receive_v the_o tribute_n be_v in_o former_a time_n gather_v when_o the_o governor_n please_v but_o afterward_o only_o in_o the_o winter_n against_o which_o time_n it_o be_v all_o bring_v into_o storehouse_n each_o county_n have_v its_o proper_a place_n for_o that_o purpose_n but_o when_o the_o place_n for_o their_o market_n and_o fair_n be_v determine_v the_o governor_n come_v thither_o and_o receive_v it_o which_o course_n they_o still_o take_v in_o this_o business_n that_o this_o be_v also_o the_o time_n for_o receive_v it_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o account_n i_o shall_v give_v of_o their_o fair_n in_o the_o next_o chapter_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o laplander_n fair_n and_o custom_n in_o trading_n that_o we_o may_v not_o yet_o leave_v the_o public_a concern_v of_o the_o laplander_n of_o which_o we_o have_v treat_v let_v we_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o consider_v their_o fair_n and_o common_a market_n in_o which_o what_o custom_n they_o ancient_o use_v be_v not_o so_o well_o know_v paulus_n jovius_n say_v that_o among_o the_o laplander_n he_o that_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o sell_v after_o he_o have_v expose_v his_o ware_n go_v his_o way_n and_o leave_v they_o and_o that_o the_o chapman_n come_v and_o take_v what_o be_v for_o his_o turn_n leave_v in_o the_o place_n the_o full_a value_n thereof_o in_o white_a fur_n or_o skin_n the_o reason_n why_o they_o do_v not_o speak_v and_o bargain_n with_o their_o chapman_n he_o say_v be_v because_o they_o be_v a_o rustic_a people_n extreme_o fearful_a and_o ready_a to_o run_v away_o from_o the_o very_a sight_n of_o a_o ship_n or_o stranger_n other_o that_o be_v of_o a_o more_o probable_a opinion_n confess_v indeed_o that_o they_o use_v no_o word_n in_o their_o trade_n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o rusticity_n want_v of_o cunning_a or_o the_o like_a but_o because_o they_o have_v a_o language_n quite_o different_a from_o other_o and_o so_o peculiar_a to_o themselves_o that_o they_o can_v neither_o understand_v nor_o be_v understand_v of_o their_o neighbour_n so_o that_o it_o be_v rather_o the_o barbarism_n and_o roughness_n of_o their_o speech_n than_o manner_n that_o make_v they_o use_v this_o dumb_a way_n of_o traffike_v but_o of_o their_o language_n we_o shall_v treat_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n concern_v their_o trade_n with_o their_o neighbour_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o it_o be_v perform_v without_o word_n by_o nod_n and_o silent_a gesture_n neither_o be_v it_o proper_o a_o buy_n and_o sell_v for_o they_o do_v not_o of_o old_a use_n either_o gold_n or_o silver_n but_o rather_o a_o exchange_n of_o one_o commodity_n for_o another_o so_o that_o whereas_o zieglerus_fw-la tell_v we_o they_o do_v permutatione_n &_o pecunia_fw-la commercia_fw-la agere_fw-la we_o may_v just_o doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o rather_o to_o be_v read_v nec_fw-la pecunia_fw-la unless_o happy_o he_o intend_v pecunia_fw-la in_o the_o primary_n sense_n and_o have_v more_o respect_n to_o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n then_o to_o the_o acception_n now_o in_o use_n and_o true_o this_o way_n of_o exchange_n among_o they_o in_o those_o ancient_a time_n be_v no_o less_o than_o necessary_a when_o indeed_o as_o well_o the_o neighbour_a country_n as_o the_o laplander_n be_v quite_o stranger_n to_o any_o current_a money_n and_o this_o we_o may_v understand_v from_o the_o swede_n among_o who_o there_o be_v in_o those_o day_n either_o no_o coin_n at_o all_o or_o else_o only_a such_o as_o have_v be_v transport_v out_o of_o england_n and_o scotland_n the_o use_n of_o the_o mint_n be_v then_o utter_o unknown_a in_o that_o country_n and_o if_o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v no_o money_n in_o swedland_n it_o be_v certain_o no_o great_a wonder_n there_o shall_v be_v none_o in_o lapland_n but_o neither_o in_o after_o time_n and_o when_o they_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o birkarli_n can_v the_o laplander_n come_v to_o the_o use_n of_o money_n for_o they_o that_o be_v lord_n over_o they_o monopolise_v the_o whole_a trade_n to_o themselves_o do_v not_o give_v they_o money_n for_o their_o commodity_n but_o such_o other_o merchandise_n as_o their_o country_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o in_o fine_a to_o this_o very_a day_n the_o laplander_n know_v no_o other_o money_n but_o the_o patacoon_n and_o half_a patacoon_n other_o coin_n whether_o of_o copper_n silver_z or_o gold_n they_o do_v
before_o he_o his_o friend_n and_o acquaintance_n they_o when_v they_o perceive_v he_o to_o be_v desperate_a they_o haste_v to_o the_o victualler_n that_o keep_v the_o inn_n towards_o norway_n and_o jamptland_n and_o of_o he_o they_o buy_v ale_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n ready_a to_o sacrifice_v over_o their_o friend_n whilst_o he_o be_v alive_a when_o they_o have_v spend_v a_o whole_a day_n in_o qnaff_v they_o camme_v to_o the_o sick_a man_n hut_n and_o by_o that_o time_n find_v he_o quite_o dead_a this_o be_v a_o example_n of_o the_o late_a date_n that_o have_v happen_v in_o these_o our_o day_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v learn_v how_o just_a and_o reasonable_a the_o complaint_n be_v which_o be_v premise_v to_o the_o charter_n of_o gustavus_n aldophus_n concern_v the_o lapland_n school_n furthermore_o it_o be_v customary_a if_o any_o die_v of_o whatever_o distemper_n all_o instant_o forsake_v the_o cottage_n where_o the_o depart_a person_n lie_v for_o they_o imagine_v which_o be_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o there_o survive_v something_o of_o the_o decease_a such_o as_o the_o ancient_a latin_n call_v manes_n and_o that_o that_o be_v not_o always_o benign_a but_o sometime_o hurtful_a for_o this_o reason_n they_o be_v afraid_a of_o the_o corpse_n of_o the_o decease_a and_o if_o the_o person_n depart_v be_v of_o the_o rich_a sort_n they_o wrap_v his_o corpse_n in_o a_o linen_n garment_n if_o a_o poor_a mean_a man_n in_o a_o woollen_a totter_a one_o so_o as_o to_o cover_v over_o as_o well_o the_o head_n as_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n this_o they_o call_v waldmar_n so_o indeed_o do_v they_o that_o be_v more_o observant_a of_o the_o christian_a rite_n then_o ordinary_a there_o as_o for_o the_o other_o they_o cover_v their_o dead_a with_o their_o own_o vestment_n and_o those_o too_o the_o best_a they_o have_v when_o alive_a as_o n._n mathias_n steuchius_n assure_v i_o by_o a_o letter_n and_o confirm_v it_o too_o by_o a_o late_a example_n that_o a_o person_n worthy_a to_o be_v credit_v relate_v to_o he_o by_o a_o inhabitant_n of_o vndersaok_n a_o near_a neighbour_n to_o lapland_n the_o body_n of_o the_o dead_a say_v he_o they_o cover_v with_o the_o best_a garment_n he_o have_v alive_a and_o shut_v it_o up_o in_o a_o bier_n they_o lay_v the_o corpse_n so_o wrap_v up_o in_o a_o coffin_n or_o funeral_n chest_n which_o be_v do_v by_o one_o peculiar_o entreat_v to_o undertake_v the_o employment_n and_o who_o must_v receive_v of_o the_o near_a kinsman_n to_o the_o decease_a person_n a_o ring_n of_o alchemy_n and_o wear_v it_o fasten_v to_o his_o right_a arm_n twe_o reason_n of_o so_o tie_v this_o ring_n be_v because_o they_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v a_o preservative_n against_o the_o harm_n the_o mane_n of_o the_o decease_a person_n may_v otherwise_o bring_v upon_o they_o for_o this_o reason_n he_o be_v fain_o to_o wear_v this_o same_o ring_n till_o the_o burial_n be_v over_o i_o suppose_v because_o than_o they_o think_v the_o ghost_n may_v be_v more_o quiet_a which_o be_v the_o ancient_a superstition_n as_o well_o of_o greek_n as_o roman_n the_o coffin_n be_v usual_o make_v of_o the_o hollow_a trunk_n of_o a_o tree_n when_o they_o have_v not_o wherewithal_o to_o make_v a_o coffin_n as_o be_v common_a with_o they_o that_o dwell_v in_o the_o barren_a mountain_n near_o norway_n they_o lay_v the_o corpse_n of_o the_o decease_a on_o a_o carr_n or_o sledge_n which_o they_o call_v akia_n instead_o of_o a_o coffin_n the_o place_n of_o their_o burial_n in_o ancient_a time_n before_o they_o turn_v christian_n be_v the_o first_o convenient_a place_n they_o meet_v withal_o for_o that_o purpose_n especial_o a_o wood._n as_o for_o they_o that_o dwell_v at_o a_o considerable_a distance_n from_o the_o church_n at_o this_o day_n they_o leave_v not_o off_o the_o custom_n of_o bury_v they_o any_o where_n where_o they_o first_o light_n with_o the_o sledge_n too_o especial_o if_o there_o be_v only_o bare_a rock_n and_o no_o tree_n to_o be_v see_v other_o on_o every_o side_n beset_v the_o sledge_n with_o the_o corpse_n too_o with_o stock_n of_o tree_n both_o above_o and_o below_o on_o each_o side_n so_o as_o that_o it_o may_v not_o contract_v filthiness_n or_o moulder_v nor_o the_o corpse_n be_v tear_v in_o piece_n or_o devour_v by_o wild_a beast_n there_o be_v some_o beside_o that_o lay_v they_o in_o cave_n and_o stop_v up_o the_o mouth_n of_o they_o with_o stone_n but_o what_o peucer_n write_v that_o they_o dig_v a_o hole_n and_o lay_v their_o dead_a body_n under_o their_o hearth_n thereby_o to_o escape_v the_o haunting_n of_o ghost_n that_o be_v neither_o know_v nor_o hear_v of_o by_o the_o laplander_n whereas_o say_v he_o they_o be_v strange_o frighten_v and_o haunt_v with_o the_o ghost_n of_o their_o kindred_n after_o death_n they_o provide_v against_o that_o by_o bury_v their_o body_n under_o their_o hearth_n by_o this_o only_a remedy_n they_o guard_v and_o protect_v themselves_o against_o the_o haunting_n and_o affrightment_n of_o demon_n this_o if_o they_o do_v no_o ghost_n afterward_o appear_v if_o they_o neglect_v to_o do_v it_o they_o be_v perpetual_o interrupt_v and_o infest_a with_o the_o apparition_n of_o their_o too_o officious_a kindred_n they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o bury_v the_o corpse_n under_o the_o hearth_n that_o they_o rather_o remove_v they_o to_o as_o great_a a_o distance_n as_o they_o can_v but_o it_o be_v a_o singular_a and_o memorable_a passage_n that_o those_o especial_o who_o be_v less_o observant_a of_o christian_a rite_n do_v use_n to_o bury_v with_o their_o decease_a first_o a_o hatchet_n and_o next_o a_o slint_n and_o steel_n of_o which_o ceremony_n they_o give_v this_o account_n that_o if_o they_o ever_o come_v to_o rise_v again_o in_o that_o darkness_n they_o shall_v have_v great_a need_n of_o spring_v a_o light_n to_o which_o the_o slint_n and_o steel_n may_v help_v they_o as_o likewise_o there_o will_v be_v occasion_n for_o a_o ready_a way_n wherein_o they_o may_v travel_v to_o heaven_n to_o which_o purpose_n their_o hatchet_n may_v stand_v they_o instead_o they_o especial_o that_o be_v bury_v among_o thick_a wood_n that_o if_o any_o tree_n obstruct_v their_o passage_n they_o may_v cut_v they_o down_o and_o this_o do_v they_o themselves_o at_o this_o day_n affirm_v now_o they_o have_v hear_v of_o a_o last_o day_n and_o a_o resurrection_n of_o the_o dead_a but_o i_o suppose_v it_o rather_o to_o be_v a_o ancient_a superstition_n remain_v still_o in_o these_o country_n nor_o use_v only_o by_o the_o laplander_n i_o myself_o see_v some_o few_o mile_n distant_a from_o vpsal_n rake_v out_o of_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o a_o famous_a person_n the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o this_o kingdom_n m._n steno_n bielke_n a_o steel_n and_o flint_n which_o that_o it_o be_v a_o relic_n only_o of_o paganism_n not_o the_o place_n only_o but_o tomb_n over_o he_o do_v sufficient_o testify_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v the_o ancient_a persuasion_n of_o pagan_n that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n for_o the_o dead_a to_o arrive_v at_o the_o abode_n of_o the_o bless_a but_o through_o darkness_n which_o they_o be_v the_o more_o afraid_a of_o because_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o country_n to_o have_v thick_a darkness_n and_o of_o more_o durance_n than_o be_v usual_a among_o other_o as_o concern_v the_o hatchet_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n whereas_o in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a custom_n to_o lay_v by_o dead_a people_n their_o weapon_n of_o which_o the_o principal_a one_o among_o the_o laplander_n be_v the_o hatchet_n as_o for_o what_o appertain_v to_o the_o modern_a laplander_n olaus_n petri_n imagine_v that_o they_o bury_v these_o thing_n with_o their_o dead_a because_o they_o believe_v that_o after_o the_o resurrection_n they_o shall_v take_v the_o same_o course_n of_o life_n they_o lead_v before_o and_o for_o that_o reason_n they_o furnish_v they_o with_o the_o same_o utensil_n thus_o do_v they_o who_o be_v less_o observant_a of_o the_o christian_a ceremony_n and_o dwell_v far_a off_o from_o the_o christian_a church_n the_o other_o take_v special_a care_n to_o have_v their_o dead_a carry_v to_o the_o churchyard_n which_o too_o the_o priest_n do_v earnest_o request_v of_o they_o it_o be_v say_v too_o that_o some_o of_o they_o when_o they_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o bury_v in_o such_o a_o place_n be_v so_o ambitious_a as_o to_o give_v money_n to_o have_v their_o decease_a bury_v not_o in_o the_o yard_n but_o the_o church_n but_o here_o none_o of_o the_o laplander_n will_v willing_o dig_v up_o a_o grave_n unless_o he_o be_v extraordinary_a poor_a such_o who_o the_o rich_a of_o they_o hire_n at_o a_o considerable_a rate_n to_o such_o a_o employment_n or_o some_o other_o of_o swedland_n who_o they_o can_v procure_v so_o
salmon_n by_o the_o lesser_a lughleao_n be_v saggatt_n ritfack_o pirrijaur_n skalka_n sittijock_n waykijaur_n and_o karra-green_a which_o exceed_v they_o all_o each_o afford_v plenty_n of_o fish_n pitha_n have_v these_o remarkable_a one_o near_o it_o hornasvandijaur_n arfussierf_n pieskejaur_n but_o especial_o stoorafuan_n in_o which_o there_o be_v as_o many_o land_n as_o day_n in_o the_o year_n but_o above_o all_o enaresraesk_n near_o kimue_n wexionius_n say_v the_o hill_n and_o land_n in_o it_o be_v innumerable_a and_o without_o a_o hyperbole_n for_o tornaeus_n affirm_v that_o never_o any_o inhabitant_n live_v long_o enough_o to_o survey_v they_o all_o there_o be_v some_o marsh_n little_a but_o full_a of_o fish_n in_o that_o language_n call_v suino_n i._n e._n holy_a and_o they_o account_v it_o a_o sin_n to_o foul_a they_o these_o march_n have_v two_o channel_n one_o above_o the_o other_o sometime_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o fish_n leave_v the_o upper_a and_o retreat_n into_o the_o low_a upon_o which_o account_n the_o superstitious_a native_n bring_v sacrifice_n to_o appease_v the_o damon_n of_o that_o marsh_n who_o they_o suppose_v to_o be_v angry_a chap._n xxxv_o of_o their_o mountain_n their_o land_n which_o i_o treat_v of_o last_o be_v not_o in_o the_o same_o condition_n all_o over_o for_o that_o which_o be_v near_o bothnia_n be_v wholesome_a and_o more_o fertile_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o potherb_n as_o those_o can_v witness_v who_o have_v make_v garden_n in_o both_o soil_n they_o find_v that_o some_o place_n will_v bear_v colewort_n raperoot_n parsnip_n radish_n and_o the_o like_a in_o other_o place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o rock_n and_o river_n the_o ground_n be_v too_o moist_a and_o stony_a and_o sandy_a in_o many_o place_n which_o be_v scatter_v by_o the_o wind_n cover_v the_o ground_n like_o snow_n such_o be_v those_o place_n near_o the_o mountain_n of_o norway_n these_o sand_n make_v a_o very_a dangerous_a passage_n for_o traveler_n especial_o when_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o snow_n because_o than_o they_o can_v tell_v what_o they_o be_v to_o avoid_v sometime_o fall_v in_o and_o be_v overwhelm_v towards_o norway_n be_v very_o high_a mountain_n which_o the_o swede_n call_v fiael_n the_o laplander_n tudderi_fw-la cluverius_n call_v the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n sevo_n which_o he_o take_v from_o pliny_n l._n 4._o c._n 13._o by_o adamus_n they_o be_v call_v riphaei_n but_o he_o be_v to_o careless_a in_o look_v over_o pliny_n solinus_n and_o orosius_n but_o whatever_o the_o name_n be_v what_o pliny_n say_v be_v true_a of_o the_o mountain_n that_o it_o be_v no_o less_o than_o the_o riphaean_a the_o top_n be_v perpetual_o cover_v with_o snow_n moreover_o the_o ascent_n and_o rise_v of_o this_o mount_n be_v thus_o describe_v by_o pet._n neuren_n the_o mountain_n which_o separate_v norway_n from_o lappia_n begin_v to_o rise_v about_o zemptland_n thence_o with_o continue_a ascent_n towards_o the_o north_n it_o reach_v a_o hundred_o mile_n till_o it_o come_v to_o titus-fiord_a which_o be_v a_o bay_n of_o the_o freeze_a sea_n by_o this_o mountain_n the_o province_n of_o swedeland_n be_v divide_v from_o norway_n as_o by_o a_o wall_n design_v by_o nature_n herself_o but_o although_o these_o mountain_n be_v one_o continue_a tract_n yet_o they_o swell_v high_o in_o some_o place_n than_o other_o call_v by_o these_o distinct_a name_n which_o samuel_n rheen_n mention_n waesawaari_n skipoive_v nasawari_fw-la ceruioive_v kioldawaari_fw-la niottuswagg_n keidtkiwaari_n zeknawaari_fw-la fierrowaari_fw-la cardawaari_fw-la steikawaari_fw-la skalopacht_v darrawaari_n woggousaari_fw-la niynnas_n kaskaoive_v wallawaari_fw-la skieldawaari_fw-la harrawaari_fw-la portawaari_fw-la kafla_n seggock_fw-fr vltivis_fw-la in_o like_a manner_n there_o be_v many_o other_o of_o their_o name_n in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o country_n but_o because_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o meet_v with_o they_o all_o and_o not_o so_o much_o to_o our_o purpose_n we_o will_v end_v now_o the_o content_n chap._n i._n of_o the_o name_n of_o lapland_n pag._n 1._o of_o the_o situation_n of_o lapland_n p._n 3._o of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n and_o soil_n of_o lapland_n p._n 7._o of_o the_o division_n of_o lapland_n p._n 9_o of_o the_o laplander_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o inclination_n temper_n and_o habit_n of_o their_o mind_n and_o body_n p._n 12._o of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o laplander_n p._n 15._o of_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o laplander_n p._n 21._o of_o the_o second_o or_o christian_a religion_n of_o the_o laplander_n p._n 24._o of_o some_o remains_o of_o pagan_a sm_n in_o lapland_n at_o this_o time_n p._n 34._o of_o the_o heathenish_a god_n of_o the_o laplander_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o worship_n at_o this_o day_n p._n 37._o of_o the_o magical_a ceremony_n of_o the_o laplander_n p._n 45._o of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o laplander_n p._n 60._o of_o the_o judicature_n and_o tribute_n of_o the_o laplander_n p._n 65._o of_o the_o laplander_n fair_n and_o custom_n in_o trading_n p._n 67._o of_o the_o language_n of_o the_o laplander_n p._n 72._o of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o laplander_n p._n 80._o of_o the_o garment_n of_o the_o laplander_n p._n 87._o of_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o laplander_n p._n 91._o of_o the_o hunt_n of_o the_o laplander_n p._n 94._o of_o the_o laplander_n weapon_n and_o other_o instrument_n of_o hunt_v p._n 98._o of_o the_o laplander_n handy-craft-trade_n p._n 100_o of_o the_o woman_n employment_n p._n 103._o of_o the_o employment_n common_a to_o both_o sex_n p._n 105._o of_o their_o divertisement_n p._n 107._o of_o their_o contract_n and_o marriage_n p._n 110._o of_o their_o child-bearing_a and_o the_o education_n of_o their_o child_n p._n 120._o of_o their_o disease_n death_n and_o burial_n p._n 124._o of_o their_o cattle_n p._n 129._o of_o the_o wild_a beast_n of_o the_o laplander_n p._n 133._o of_o their_o bird_n and_o fish_n p._n 137._o of_o the_o laplander_n trees_n and_o plant_n p._n 141._o of_o their_o metal_n p._n 143._o of_o their_o stone_n jewel_n and_o pearl_n p._n 144._o of_o their_o river_n p._n 146._o of_o their_o mountain_n p._n 147._o finis_fw-la
from_o who_o they_o can_v hope_v for_o no_o advantage_n their_o last_o good_a quality_n be_v their_o immoderate_a lust_n which_o herberstein_n take_v to_o be_v the_o more_o strange_a consider_v their_o diet_n that_o they_o have_v neither_o bread_n nor_o salt_n nor_o any_o other_o incentive_a of_o gluttony_n but_o their_o promiscuous_a and_o continual_a lie_v together_o in_o the_o same_o hut_n without_o any_o difference_n of_o age_n sex_n or_o condition_n seem_v to_o occasion_v this_o effect_n tornaeus_n indeed_o say_v of_o his_o countryman_n the_o lappi_n tornenses_n who_o possible_o be_v reclaim_v by_o more_o civil_a education_n that_o they_o be_v very_o chaste_a insomuch_o that_o among_o they_o scarce_o one_o bastard_n be_v christen_v in_o a_o whole_a year_n which_o be_v the_o less_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o the_o woman_n be_v natural_o barren_a have_v give_v this_o account_n of_o the_o laplander_n ill_a quality_n it_o will_v now_o be_v justice_n to_o recount_v their_o virtue_n as_o first_o their_o veneration_n and_o due_a esteem_n of_o marriage_n which_o they_o more_o seldom_o violate_v than_o many_o who_o pretend_v to_o be_v much_o better_a christian_n they_o also_o abhor_v theft_n so_o that_o the_o merchant_n only_o cover_v their_o good_n so_o as_o to_o secure_v they_o against_o the_o weather_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o leave_v they_o and_o at_o their_o return_n be_v sure_a to_o find_v they_o safe_a and_o untouched_a which_o be_v the_o more_o commendable_a for_o that_o in_o lapland_n there_o be_v no_o town_n or_o storehouse_n and_o no_o man_n can_v be_v sure_a of_o any_o thing_n if_o the_o people_n be_v incline_v to_o thievery_n they_o be_v likewise_o those_o i_o mean_v of_o the_o better_a sort_n charitable_a to_o the_o poor_a not_o only_o by_o receive_v those_o that_o be_v destitute_a into_o their_o hut_n but_o supply_v they_o with_o stock_n whereon_o to_o live_v in_o proof_n of_o this_o tornaeus_n and_o sam._n rheen_n say_v that_o it_o be_v usual_a with_o they_o to_o lend_v gratis_o for_o a_o considerable_a time_n ten_o or_o twenty_o rain-deers_a farther_o they_o be_v civil_a and_o hospitable_a to_o stranger_n who_o they_o with_o much_o kindness_n invite_v to_o their_o hut_n and_o there_o treat_v with_o the_o best_a provision_n they_o have_v and_o of_o this_o there_o be_v several_a instance_n when_o any_o have_v happen_v to_o be_v cast_v upon_o their_o coast_n by_o shipwreck_n or_o else_o in_o the_o snow_n or_o on_o the_o mountain_n have_v lose_v their_o way_n moreover_o they_o be_v thus_o far_o cleanly_a as_o often_o to_o wash_v their_o hand_n and_o face_n though_o notwithstanding_o tornaeus_n tell_v we_o they_o be_v nasty_a and_o scabby_a and_o use_v not_o to_o comb_v their_o head_n last_o they_o be_v sufficient_o ingenious_a make_v for_o themselves_o all_o sort_n of_o tool_n and_o implement_n for_o their_o fish_n and_o hunt_v and_o also_o for_o several_a manufacture_n some_o of_o which_o they_o do_v very_o artificial_o as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o laplander_n we_o have_v intimate_v our_o conjecture_n concern_v the_o original_n of_o the_o lap_n and_o more_o than_o that_o it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o produce_v there_o be_v no_o sober_a history_n which_o give_v testimony_n in_o this_o affair_n negative_o we_o may_v pass_v sentence_n and_o conclude_v they_o be_v not_o swede_n no_o people_n differ_v more_o both_o in_o constitution_n of_o body_n and_o mind_n in_o language_n and_o habit_n or_o whatever_o else_o be_v take_v for_o a_o character_n of_o likeness_n or_o have_v the_o same_o original_n neither_o can_v any_o one_o think_v that_o they_o be_v ever_o russian_n or_o moscovite_n see_v they_o differ_v as_o much_o from_o they_o as_o from_o the_o swede_n the_o russian_n be_v general_o tall_a the_o laplander_n on_o the_o contrary_a very_o short_a those_o be_v fat_a and_o corpulent_a these_o lean_a and_o slender_a those_o have_v thick_a hair_n long_a beard_n and_o good_a complexion_n these_o wear_v their_o hair_n short_a and_o thin_a and_o be_v dark_a and_o swart_a but_o most_o of_o all_o the_o language_n be_v different_a in_o which_o the_o lap_n and_o russes_z have_v in_o a_o manner_n no_o kind_n of_o agreement_n they_o must_v then_o come_v from_o their_o neighbour_n either_o the_o norwegian_n on_o the_o one_o side_n or_o the_o finlander_n upon_o the_o other_o but_o they_o can_v not_o well_o be_v derive_v from_o norway_n who_o be_v know_v to_o have_v draw_v their_o original_n from_o the_o swede_n but_o here_o some_o imagine_v that_o the_o laplander_n come_v not_o in_o probability_n from_o the_o finlander_n because_o the_o one_o be_v very_o warlike_a the_o other_o coward_n these_o fat_a and_o corpulent_a those_o lean_a and_o meager_a but_o this_o do_v not_o at_o all_o invalidate_n our_o argument_n for_o every_o one_o know_v that_o diet_n will_v much_o alter_v the_o habit_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o finlander_n have_v plenty_n of_o good_a nourish_a meat_n of_o which_o the_o laplander_n be_v quite_o destitute_a and_o for_o the_o finlander_n courage_n in_o war_n heretofore_o they_o be_v not_o so_o notable_a for_o it_o for_o tacitus_n say_v they_o have_v neither_o arm_n nor_o horse_n by_o which_o he_o imply_v they_o know_v not_o at_o all_o what_o belong_v to_o war_n neither_o be_v they_o very_o expert_a at_o it_o yet_o for_o by_o daily_a experience_n it_o be_v find_v when_o they_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v press_v for_o soldier_n they_o hide_v themselves_o and_o by_o all_o mean_n decline_v employment_n therefore_o they_o be_v not_o warlike_a from_o their_o nature_n but_o from_o their_o discipline_n and_o art_n and_o in_o their_o natural_a temper_n they_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o the_o laplander_n but_o what_o need_v we_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v this_o by_o so_o many_o argument_n when_o they_o confess_v themselves_o they_o be_v original_o spring_v from_o the_o finlander_n and_o still_o keep_v a_o list_n of_o the_o captain_n that_o first_o lead_v they_o forth_o into_o lapland_n of_o who_o mieschogiesch_n be_v the_o chief_a the_o same_o be_v confirm_v by_o andr._n andresonius_n who_o live_v there_o and_o learn_v it_o from_o they_o only_o that_o he_o say_v thin_n kogreh_a be_v the_o chief_n captain_n and_o so_o do_v zachar._n plantin_n but_o whatever_o be_v say_v of_o either_o of_o these_o two_o captain_n we_o be_v not_o to_o imagine_v that_o they_o bring_v the_o first_o plantation_n of_o laplander_n into_o this_o country_n for_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a they_o shall_v so_o long_o remember_v their_o name_n who_o must_v have_v live_v before_o saxo_n for_o he_o mention_n this_o country_n and_o live_v about_o 480_o year_n before_o we_o at_o which_o time_n the_o finlander_n themselves_o scarce_o know_v what_o be_v do_v much_o less_o the_o laplander_n and_o this_o the_o name_n thinn_n do_v something_o prove_v which_o none_o shall_v persuade_v i_o to_o be_v a_o old_a finland_n word_n for_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o swede_n thinnis_n and_o the_o dutch_a thinius_fw-la i._n e._n antonius_n and_o that_o the_o word_n antonius_n be_v know_v to_o the_o finlander_n before_o christ_n no_o man_n will_v suspect_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o pretend_a occasion_n of_o the_o colony_n of_o finlanders_n settle_v in_o lapland_n for_o they_o themselves_o say_v that_o they_o leave_v brokarla_fw-mi and_o rengoarvis_n because_o they_o be_v oppress_v with_o tax_n and_o pitch_v first_o in_o a_o wood_n in_o ostrobothnia_n call_v tavastia_n near_o the_o bodic_n bay_n but_o all_o this_o as_o have_v be_v show_v the_o very_a name_n of_o lappi_n which_o signify_v banish_v person_n sufficient_o confute_v plantin_n and_o peter_n nieuren_n pretend_v that_o though_o the_o laplander_n voluntary_o remove_v to_o tavastia_n they_o be_v force_v to_o their_o present_a habitation_n for_o the_o native_n of_o tavastia_n grieve_v to_o see_v they_o in_o a_o flourish_a condition_n wear_v rich_a clothes_n fare_v delicious_o and_o abound_v in_o all_o manner_n of_o wealth_n choose_v they_o a_o captain_n call_v mathias_n kurk_n and_o with_o a_o great_a number_n invade_v their_o quarter_n kill_v and_o plunder_v all_o they_o meet_v with_o nor_o desist_v till_o they_o have_v quite_o drive_v they_o as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n kimi_n and_o tear_v and_o not_o long_o after_o perceive_v they_o live_v too_o happy_o there_o they_o set_v upon_o they_o the_o second_o time_n deal_v so_o cruel_o with_o they_o that_o leave_v their_o cattle_n they_o be_v force_v to_o fly_v into_o those_o barren_a country_n they_o now_o inhabit_v carry_v with_o they_o only_o their_o net_n plantin_n add_v further_a that_o andr._n andresonius_n affirm_v he_o see_v some_o ancient_a letter_n in_o which_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o kurk_n a_o governor_n of_o the_o laplander_n but_o as_o for_o his_o other_o name_n of_o
probable_o of_o finland_n where_o it_o be_v now_o in_o use_n for_o god_n which_o be_v by_o the_o swede_n goth_n and_o all_o of_o the_o same_o original_n term_v gott_n or_o gudh_n be_v by_o they_o call_v jumala_n custom_n without_o doubt_n prevail_v that_o the_o same_o name_n whereby_o in_o ancient_a time_n they_o call_v the_o false_a god_n be_v translate_v to_o the_o true_a one_o both_o by_o the_o finlander_n the_o biarmi_n and_o the_o laplander_n also_o who_o come_v out_o of_o finland_n and_o be_v join_v with_o the_o biarmi_n make_v one_o nation_n beside_o jumala_n it_o seem_v the_o laplander_n have_v a_o god_n who_o the_o swede_n call_v thor_n which_o may_v be_v gather_v not_o only_o because_o they_o worship_v one_o thor_n at_o this_o present_a among_o their_o idol_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o but_o also_o because_o in_o the_o number_n of_o god_n which_o the_o old_a finlander_n especial_o the_o tavasti_n adore_v there_o be_v reckon_v turrisas_n the_o god_n of_o war_n and_o victory_n which_o be_v no_o other_o than_o thor._n this_o turrisas_n be_v put_v in_o one_o word_n for_o turrisas_a i._n e._n turris_n turrus_n or_o torus_fw-la for_o so_o his_o name_n be_v diverse_o write_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o ass_n or_o asiatic_o for_o those_o who_o in_o former_a time_n come_v out_o of_o asia_n into_o these_o part_n be_v call_v ass_n of_o who_o this_o turrus_n be_v the_o first_o who_o from_o that_o time_n be_v worship_v by_o the_o finlander_n by_o the_o name_n of_o turrisas_n which_o may_v farther_o be_v prove_v from_o arngrinus_n jonae_fw-la who_o say_v the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o finlander_n be_v torrus_n one_o of_o the_o predecessor_n of_o king_n norus_n from_o who_o some_o think_v norige_n i._n e._n norway_n quasi_fw-la nori_n rige_fw-la to_o take_v its_o denomination_n it_o be_v frequent_a for_o the_o ancient_a king_n to_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o name_n of_o their_o go_n thus_o among_o the_o ancient_a greek_n we_o find_v many_o who_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o jupiter_n and_o neptune_n so_o torrus_n the_o king_n be_v so_o call_v from_o torus_fw-la the_o ancient_a god_n of_o the_o finlander_n from_o who_o without_o doubt_n he_o be_v derive_v to_o the_o laplander_n together_o with_o their_o language_n worship_n and_o other_o custom_n to_o these_o two_o if_o they_o be_v two_o jumala_n and_o thor_n may_v be_v add_v the_o sun_n which_o i_o gather_v from_o this_o because_o he_o be_v still_o reckon_v among_o their_o go_n beside_o he_o be_v general_o worship_v in_o all_o barbarous_a and_o pagan_a country_n and_o if_o he_o be_v adore_v for_o his_o light_n and_o heat_n by_o those_o people_n who_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o warm_a air_n and_o temperate_a climate_n how_o much_o more_o by_o the_o laplander_n who_o for_o no_o small_a space_n endure_v the_o hardship_n of_o continual_a night_n and_o bitter_a frost_n but_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o concern_v the_o sun_n hereafter_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a god_n of_o the_o laplander_n whether_o they_o have_v any_o of_o less_o note_n may_v be_v question_v though_o i_o doubt_v it_o not_o because_o at_o this_o day_n they_o worship_v some_o other_o which_o the_o finlander_n do_v before_o they_o and_o probable_o bring_v with_o they_o into_o lapland_n of_o these_o the_o carelii_n have_v rongotheus_n the_o god_n of_o ry_o pellonpeko_n of_o barley_n wierecannos_fw-la of_o oat_n egress_n of_o herb_n pease_n turnip_n flax_n and_o homp_n vko_n with_o his_o wife_n rowne_n of_o tempest_n kaekre_n the_o protector_n of_o cattle_n from_o wild_a beast_n hyse_n have_v the_o command_n of_o wolf_n and_o bear_n nyrke_n of_o squirrel-hunting_a hyttavane_n of_o hare-hunting_a some_o of_o these_o the_o laplander_n worship_v especial_o those_o who_o help_n they_o stand_v chief_o in_o need_n of_o to_o the_o perform_n of_o their_o business_n as_o the_o god_n of_o hunt_v and_o preserve_v their_o cattle_n from_o wild_a beast_n and_o such_o like_a other_o probable_o they_o neglect_v as_o useless_a because_o they_o neither_o plough_v nor_o sow_v but_o i_o can_v say_v under_o what_o name_n they_o worship_v they_o because_o i_o find_v nothing_o of_o certainty_n thereof_o either_o in_o their_o ancient_a record_n or_o modern_a custom_n next_o we_o must_v consider_v what_o kind_n of_o worship_n they_o pay_v their_o god_n which_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v but_o of_o this_o also_o we_o be_v in_o great_a uncertainty_n unless_o we_o make_v our_o judgement_n from_o the_o present_a time_n and_o deliver_v those_o rite_n which_o be_v now_o use_v by_o the_o laplander_n in_o their_o religious_a performance_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o their_o religion_n we_o shall_v only_o note_v here_o what_o be_v read_v of_o jumala_n he_o be_v heretofore_o represent_v in_o the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n sit_v upon_o a_o altar_n with_o a_o crown_n on_o his_o head_n adorn_v with_o twelve_o gem_n and_o a_o golden_a chain_n about_o his_o neck_n which_o be_v former_o of_o the_o value_n of_o 300_o mark_n though_o whether_o the_o word_n in_o the_o history_n do_v signify_v a_o chain_n or_o may_v better_o be_v render_v a_o jewel_n it_o be_v uncertain_a for_o it_o be_v say_v that_o charles_n lift_v his_o axe_n cut_v the_o collar_n whereon_o it_o hang_v which_o show_v that_o it_o be_v rather_o gold_n artificial_o carve_v and_o set_v with_o jewel_n which_o be_v i_o suppose_v the_o reason_n why_o herrodus_n do_v not_o set_v down_o its_o weight_n as_o be_v usual_a in_o the_o value_v of_o chain_n but_o its_o price_n this_o jewel_n call_v man_n from_o mene_n the_o moon_n who_o figure_n it_o represent_v be_v as_o i_o imagine_v tie_v to_o a_o collar_n about_o the_o neck_n and_o hang_v down_o upon_o the_o breast_n of_o the_o image_n as_o be_v usual_a in_o all_o such_o ornament_n at_o this_o day_n but_o whether_o this_o be_v a_o chain_n or_o locket_n it_o be_v certain_a the_o other_o part_n of_o his_o 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