penbroke_n tenby_n hereford_n west_n with_o the_o goodly_a and_o many_o branch_a haven_n of_o milford_n call_v in_o welsh_a aberdangledhett_n s._n david_n or_o meneviâ—_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a see_v in_o wales_n fiscard_v call_v aberwayn_n and_o newport_n name_v tresdreth_n 18_o the_o three_o part_n be_v caermardenshire_n which_o be_v a_o country_n account_v the_o strong_a part_n of_o all_o south-wales_n as_o that_o which_o be_v full_a of_o high_a mountain_n great_a wood_n and_o fair_a river_n 19_o the_o four_o call_v morganwe_o now_o glamorgan-shire_n have_v on_o the_o south_n the_o severne_n sea_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o devonshire_n and_o cornwall_n upon_o the_o west_n and_o northwest_n carmarden-shire_n upon_o the_o north-east_n breckneck-shire_n and_o upon_o the_o east_n monmouth-shire_n 20_o the_o five_o now_o call_v ggo_v and_o in_o monmouth-shire_n have_v in_o it_o the_o ancient_a city_n of_o caerlbeon_n upon_o vske_n there_o be_v also_o diverse_a town_n and_o castle_n chepstow_n glynstrygul_n râ—s_n tynterne_n upon_o the_o river_n wye_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v a_o fair_a and_o fertile_a country_n it_o have_v on_o the_o west_n glamorgan_n and_o brecknock-shire_n upon_o the_o north_n hereford-shire_n upon_o the_o east_n gloucestershire_n with_o the_o river_n wye_n and_o the_o river_n severne_n upon_o the_o south_n and_o southeast_n 21_o the_o last_o be_v brecknockshire_n for_o the_o most_o part_n full_a of_o mountain_n wood_n and_o river_n this_o country_n be_v both_o great_a and_o large_a be_v full_a of_o fair_a plain_n and_o valley_n for_o corn_n it_o have_v plenty_n of_o the_o thick_a wood_n forest_n and_o park_n it_o be_v full_a also_o of_o clear_a and_o deep_a river_n of_o which_o severne_n be_v the_o chief_a although_o there_o be_v other_o fair_a river_n as_o vske_v and_o the_o like_a 22_o thus_o far_o concern_v the_o ancient_a welsh_a division_n by_o talaith_n but_o the_o present_a division_n distribute_v they_o more_o compendious_o into_o two_o country_n and_o twelve_o shire_n enact_v so_o by_o parliament_n under_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o the_o country_n be_v north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n which_o have_v share_v and_o as_o it_o be_v devour_v between_o they_o all_o powysland_n each_o of_o which_o country_n contain_v six_o shire_n north-wales_n anglesey_n caâ—â—â—aruon_n merionyth_n denbigh_n flint_n montgomery_n south-wales_n caerdigan_n pembroke_n carmarden_n glamorgan_n brecknock_v radnâ—r_n pembrokeshire_n chapter_n ii_o pembrokeshire_n the_o further_a promontory_n of_o all_o west-wales_n lie_v part_v on_o the_o north_n from_o cardigan-shire_n with_o the_o river_n tyâ—y_n and_o keach_n and_o on_o the_o east_n be_v confront_v by_o caermardenshire_n the_o south_n and_o west_n shoot_v far_o into_o the_o irish_a sea_n be_v with_o the_o same_o altogether_o wash_v 2_o the_o form_n thereof_o be_v long_o than_o it_o be_v broad_a for_o from_o saint_n 〈◊〉_d south-point_n to_o cardigan-bridge_n in_o the_o north_n be_v twentie-sixe_a mile_n the_o eastern_a landenie_n to_o s._n david_n point_n in_o the_o west_n be_v twenty_o mile_n the_o whole_a in_o circumference_n be_v nintie_a three_o mile_n 3_o the_o air_n be_v pass_o temperate_a by_o the_o report_n of_o giraldus_n who_o confirm_v his_o reason_n from_o the_o site_n of_o ireland_n against_o which_o it_o but_v and_o so_o near_o adjoin_v that_o king_n rufus_n think_v it_o possible_a to_o make_v a_o bridge_n of_o his_o ship_n over_o the_o sea_n whereby_o he_o may_v pass_v to_o ireland_n on_o foot_n 4_o ancient_o it_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o demetia_n further_o branch_v into_o cardigan_n and_o caermarden-shire_n as_o in_o that_o county_n have_v be_v say_v and_o in_o the_o saxon_n conquest_n and_o heptarchte_n by_o the_o britain_n be_v force_v into_o those_o part_n for_o refuge_n whither_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o three_o of_o the_o norman_n king_n send_v certain_a fleming_n who_o country_n be_v overwhelmed_n with_o the_o break_a 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o sea_n to_o inhabit_v the_o maritine_n tract_n call_v rosse_n lie_v west_n upon_o the_o river_n dougledye_n thess_n dutchmen_n say_v giraldus_n be_v a_o strong_a and_o stout_a nation_n enure_v to_o war_n and_o accustom_v to_o seek_v gain_n by_o clothe_v traffic_n and_o tillage_n and_o ever_o ready_a for_o the_o field_n to_o fight_v it_o out_o add_v withal_o that_o they_o be_v most_o loyal_a to_o the_o english_a and_o most_o faithful_a to_o the_o englishman_n whereupon_o malmesbury_n write_v thus_o many_o a_o time_n do_v king_n william_n rufus_n assail_v the_o welsh_a but_o ever_o in_o vain_a which_o be_v to_o be_v wonder_v at_o consider_v his_o other_o fortunate_a success_n but_o say_v he_o it_o may_v be_v the_o unevennesse_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n that_o maintain_v their_o courage_n and_o impeach_v his_o valour_n which_o to_o redress_v king_n henry_n his_o brother_n find_v mean_n for_o those_o fleming_n who_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o mother_n kindred_n by_o the_o father_n side_n sore_o pester_v and_o endamage_v the_o english_a he_o send_v into_o wales_n both_o to_o purge_v and_o disburden_v his_o own_o kingdom_n and_o to_o quell_v and_o keep_v back_o the_o courage_n of_o his_o enemy_n these_o man_n here_o seat_v deceive_v not_o his_o expectation_n but_o so_o carry_v themselves_o in_o his_o quarrel_n that_o they_o seldom_o communicate_v with_o their_o neighbour_n so_o that_o to_o this_o day_n they_o speak_v not_o the_o language_n and_o the_o country_n be_v yet_o call_v little_a england_n beyond_o wales_n 5_o the_o commodity_n of_o this_o shire_n be_v corn_n cattle_n sea-fish_n and_o fowl_n and_o in_o giraldus_n his_o day_n of_o saleable_a wine_n the_o have_v be_v so_o commodious_a for_o ship_n arrivage_n such_o be_v that_o at_o tenby_n and_o milford_n a_o haven_n of_o such_o capacity_n that_o sixteen_o creek_n five_o bay_n and_o thirteen_o road_n know_v all_o by_o several_a name_n be_v therein_o contain_v where_o henry_n of_o richmond_n of_o most_o happy_a memory_n arrive_v with_o signal_n hope_n of_o england_n freedom_n from_o under_o the_o government_n of_o a_o usurp_a tyrant_n 6_o near_o unto_o this_o be_v pembroke_n the_o shire-towne_n seat_v more_o ancient_a in_o show_n than_o it_o be_v in_o year_n and_o more_o house_n without_o inhabitant_n than_o i_o see_v in_o any_o one_o city_n throughout_o my_o survey_n it_o be_v wall_v long-wise_a and_o they_o but_o indifferent_a for_o repair_v contain_v in_o circuit_n eight_o hundred_o and_o fourscore_o pase_n have_v three_o gate_n of_o passage_n and_o at_o the_o west_n end_v a_o large_a castle_n and_o locked-causey_a that_o lead_v over_o the_o water_n to_o the_o decay_a priory_n of_o monton_n the_o site_n of_o this_o town_n be_v in_o the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n as_o mercator_n do_v measure_n 14._o and_o 55._o minute_n and_o the_o elevation_n from_o the_o north-pole_n in_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n 52._o 7_o a_o city_n as_o barren_a be_v old_a saint_n david_n neither_o clad_v with_o wood_n nor_o garnish_v with_o river_n nor_o beautify_v with_o field_n nor_o adorn_v with_o meadow_n but_o lie_v always_o open_a both_o to_o wind_v and_o storm_n yet_o have_v it_o be_v a_o nursery_n to_o holy_a man_n for_o herein_o live_v calphâ—â—rnius_n a_o britain_n priest_n who_o wife_n be_v concha_n sister_n to_o saint_n martin_n and_o both_o of_o they_o the_o parent_n of_o saint_n patrick_n the_o apostle_n of_o ireland_n deus_fw-la a_o most_o religious_a bishop_n make_v this_o a_o archiepiscopall_a see_v remove_v from_o isâ—a_n legionum_fw-la this_o the_o britain_n call_n tuy_n dewy_n the_o house_n of_o devi_fw-fr we_o saint_n david_n a_o city_n with_o few_o inhabitant_n yet_o have_v it_o a_o fair_a cathedral_n church_n dedicate_v to_o saint_n andrew_n and_o david_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o who_o choir_n lie_v entomb_v edmund_n earl_n of_o richmond_n father_n to_z king_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o monument_n as_o the_o prebend_v tell_v i_o spare_v their_o church_n from_o other_o defacement_n when_o all_o go_v down_o under_o the_o hammer_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o about_o this_o be_v a_o fair_a wall_n and_o the_o bishop_n palace_n all_o of_o free_a stone_n a_o goodly_a house_n i_o assure_v you_o and_o of_o great_a receipt_n who_o uncover_v top_n cause_v the_o curious_a work_n in_o the_o wall_n daily_o to_o weep_v and_o they_o to_o fear_v their_o downfall_n ere_o long_o 8_o but_o monton_n the_o priory_n and_o s._n dogmel_n place_n of_o devout_a piety_n erect_v in_o this_o county_n find_v not_o the_o like_a favour_n when_o the_o commission_n of_o their_o dissolution_n come_v down_o against_o they_o and_o the_o axe_n of_o destruction_n cut_v down_o the_o prop_n of_o their_o wall_n radnor-shire_n chapter_n iii_o radnor-shire_n lie_v border_v upon_o the_o north_n with_o the_o county_n monmouth_n upon_o the_o east_n touch_v shropshire_n and_o herefordshire_n the_o river_n clarwen_n and_o wye_n divide_v it_o from_o breknock_n in_o the_o
the_o welsh_a and_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v common_o call_v diffryn_n cluyd_v that_o be_v the_o vale_n of_o cluyd_v this_o thing_n be_v worthy_a observation_n as_o a_o matter_n memorable_a both_o for_o admiration_n and_o antiquity_n that_o in_o the_o parish_n of_o llan-sanan_a within_o this_o country_n there_o be_v a_o place_n compass_v cut_v out_o of_o the_o main_a rock_n by_o man_n hand_n in_o the_o side_n of_o a_o stony_a hill_n wherein_o there_o be_v four_o and_o twenty_o seat_n to_o sit_v in_o some_o less_o some_o big_a where_o child_n and_o young_a man_n come_v to_o seek_v their_o cattle_n use_v to_o sit_v and_o to_o have_v their_o sport_n and_o at_o this_o day_n they_o common_o call_v it_o arthur_n round_a table_n 7_o henry_n lacie_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n obtain_v denbigh_n by_o the_o grant_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o after_o the_o conviction_n and_o behead_v of_o david_n brother_n of_o llewellin_n for_o high_a treason_n be_v the_o first_o that_o fortify_v it_o with_o a_o wall_n about_o not_o large_a in_o circuit_n but_o very_o strong_a and_o on_o the_o southside_n with_o a_o fair_a castle_n strengthen_v with_o many_o high_a tower_n but_o he_o give_v it_o over_o and_o leave_v the_o work_n unfinished_a conceive_v grief_n as_o a_o sorrowful_a father_n that_o his_o only_a son_n come_v to_o untimely_a death_n and_o be_v drown_v in_o the_o well_o thereof_o the_o fame_n of_o this_o town_n spread_v itself_o far_o for_o repute_n as_o be_v reckon_v the_o most_o beautiful_a place_n in_o all_o north-wales_n and_o it_o be_v of_o no_o less_o report_n for_o the_o castle_n adjunct_n unto_o it_o be_v impregnable_a for_o fortification_n and_o this_o strange_a accident_n happen_v there_o in_o the_o year_n 1575._o deserve_v not_o to_o be_v omit_v be_v leave_v as_o a_o continual_a remembrance_n of_o god_n merciful_a providence_n and_o preservation_n at_o that_o time_n that_o whereby_o reason_n of_o great_a earthquake_n many_o people_n be_v put_v into_o great_a fear_n and_o have_v much_o harm_n do_v unto_o they_o both_o within_o and_o without_o their_o hoâ—ses_n in_o the_o city_n of_o york_n worcester_n gloucester_n bristol_n hertford_n and_o in_o other_o country_n adjacent_a yet_o in_o the_o shire-hall_n of_o denbigh_n the_o bell_n be_v cause_v to_o toll_v twice_o by_o the_o shake_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o no_o hurt_n or_o hindrance_n at_o all_o either_o do_v or_o receive_v the_o government_n of_o this_o town_n be_v manage_v by_o two_o alderman_n and_o two_o bailiff_n who_o be_v yearly_a elect_v out_o of_o twenty_o five_o burgeste_v that_o be_v their_o assistant_n it_o have_v one_o recorder_n one_o town-clerk_n and_o two_o sergeant_n at_o mace_n and_o by_o observation_n of_o the_o mathematics_n the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v in_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n 53._o and_o 49._o scruple_n and_o from_o the_o first_o point_n in_o longitude_n 16._o and_o 45._o 8_o this_o county_n with_o they_o of_o flint_n and_o carâ—arâ—on-shires_n be_v not_o divide_v by_o prick_v into_o their_o several_a hundred_o according_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o work_n the_o want_n of_o their_o particular_n in_o the_o parliament_n rowles_v so_o cause_v it_o which_o for_o the_o good_a of_o these_o three_o shire_n i_o earnest_o seek_v to_o have_v supply_v from_o the_o nomina_fw-la villarum_fw-la in_o their_o sheriff_n book_n and_o have_v promise_n of_o they_o that_o may_v easy_o have_v procure_v the_o same_o but_o whether_o a_o fearless_a jealousy_n possess_v their_o spirit_n leave_v the_o riches_n of_o these_o shire_n by_o reveal_v such_o particular_n shall_v be_v further_o seek_v into_o i_o can_v say_v yet_o this_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o all_o my_o survey_v that_o where_o least_o be_v to_o be_v have_v the_o great_a fear_n be_v possess_v take_v these_o shire_n therefore_o to_o be_v do_v as_o i_o can_v and_o not_o as_o i_o will_v that_o wish_v both_o the_o wealth_n of_o they_o all_o and_o their_o esteem_n to_o be_v of_o better_a regard_n by_o those_o that_o may_v do_v they_o good_a 9_o this_o shire_n than_o be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o hundred_o for_o the_o ready_a order_n of_o business_n necessary_a to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o country_n wherein_o be_v place_v three_o market-town_n fit_a for_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o other_o negotiation_n it_o have_v five_o castle_n to_o defend_v herself_o and_o to_o offend_v her_o enemy_n and_o fifty_o seven_o parish_n for_o god_n divine_a service_n and_o worship_n flintshire_n chapter_n xii_o flintshire_n stretch_v out_o in_o length_n broad_a at_o one_o end_n and_o narrow_a at_o another_o be_v not_o much_o unlike_a in_o fashion_n to_o a_o wedge_n a_o piece_n of_o which_o be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o meeting_n of_o cheshire_n and_o denbighshire_n southeast_n in_o distance_n some_o four_o mile_n it_o border_n eastward_o with_o part_n of_o cheshire_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v guard_v in_o length_n with_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi unto_o the_o north_n which_o part_v worrall_n and_o flintshire_n till_o you_o come_v to_o a_o little_a island_n call_v helâ—bree_n northward_o it_o be_v bound_v with_o the_o virgivian_a sea_n on_o the_o west_n a_o little_a river_n call_v cluyd_v part_v she_o and_o denbighshire_n asunder_o and_o on_o the_o south_n altogether_o by_o shrop-shire_n 2_o this_o country_n be_v nothing_o mountainous_a as_o other_o part_n of_o wales_n be_v but_o rise_v gentle_o all_o along_o the_o river_n of_o dee_n make_v a_o fair_a show_n and_o prospect_n of_o herself_o to_o every_o eye_n that_o behold_v she_o as_o well_o upon_o the_o river_n be_v in_o most_o place_n thereabouts_o four_o or_o five_o mile_n broad_a as_o upon_o the_o other_o side_n thereof_o be_v a_o part_n of_o cheshire_n 3_o the_o air_n be_v healthful_a and_o temperate_a without_o any_o foggy_a cloud_n or_o fennie_a vapour_n save_v that_o sometime_o there_o arise_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi certain_a thick_a and_o smoky-seeming_a mist_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o find_v hurtful_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o in_o this_o part_n live_v long_o and_o healthful_o 4_o the_o clime_n be_v somewhat_o cold_a there_o then_o in_o cheshire_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o river_n that_o engirt_v the_o better_a part_n of_o she_o by_o which_o the_o northern_a wind_n be_v long_o carry_v upon_o the_o water_n blow_v the_o more_o cold_a and_o that_o side_n of_o the_o country_n upward_o that_o lie_v shoar_v unto_o the_o top_n have_v neither_o shelter_n nor_o defence_n receive_v they_o in_o their_o full_a power_n and_o be_v natural_o a_o bulwark_n from_o their_o violence_n unto_o her_o border_a neighbour_n that_o make_v the_o snow_n to_o lie_v much_o long_o there_o then_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n 5_o the_o soil_n bring_v forth_o plenty_n both_o of_o corn_n and_o grass_n as_o also_o great_a store_n of_o cattle_n but_o they_o be_v little_a to_o supply_v which_o defect_n they_o have_v more_o by_o much_o in_o their_o number_n then_o in_o other_o place_n where_o they_o be_v big_a great_a store_n of_o fish_n they_o take_v in_o the_o river_n of_o dee_n but_o little_a from_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n they_o have_v no_o haven_n or_o creek_n for_o boat_n no_o great_a store_n of_o wood_n either_o there_o or_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o wales_n be_v find_v it_o have_v be_v a_o general_a plague_n unto_o all_o the_o country_n ever_o since_o the_o headstrong_a rebellion_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o great_a man_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o in_o time_n take_v away_o the_o principal_a help_n of_o their_o innovation_n by_o cut_v down_o their_o wood_n whereof_o in_o this_o shire_n there_o have_v heretofore_o be_v great_a plenty_n fruit_n be_v scarce_o but_o milk_n butter_n and_o cheese_n plenty_n as_o also_o store_n of_o honey_n of_o the_o which_o they_o make_v a_o pleasant_a wine_n in_o colour_n like_o in_o taste_v not_o much_o unlike_a unto_o muskadine_n which_o they_o call_v mathegliâ—_n yea_o and_o in_o the_o day_n of_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la near_o the_o place_n now_o call_v holy-well_a be_v a_o rich_a mine_n of_o silver_n in_o seek_v after_o which_o man_n pierce_v and_o pry_v into_o the_o very_a bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n 6_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o ordovice_n a_o sturdy_a people_n against_o the_o roman_n but_o now_o most_o kind_a and_o gentle_a towards_o the_o english_a and_o indeed_o make_v much_o of_o all_o stranger_n except_o they_o be_v cross_v and_o then_o they_o be_v the_o contrary_a 7_o place_n of_o defence_n be_v the_o castle_n of_o flint_n hawarden_n vulgar_o harden_n treer_n rudland_n mold_n yowley_n and_o hope_n of_o which_o flint_n and_o harden_n be_v the_o two_o principal_a the_o castle_n of_o flint_n famous_a for_o the_o benefit_n it_o receive_v from_o two_o king_n and_o for_o the_o refuge_n and_o relief_n
cast_v don_n john_n de_fw-fr aquila_n with_o 8._o thousand_o spaniard_n upon_o confidence_n of_o the_o excommunication_n of_o pius_n the_o five_o gregory_n the_o thirteen_o &_o clement_n the_o eight_o pope_n all_o of_o they_o discharge_v their_o curse_n like_v unto_o thunder_n bolt_n against_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n land_v near_o unto_o kinsale_n presume_v that_o the_o rebellion_n of_o tyrone_n have_v turn_v the_o heart_n of_o the_o irish_a for_o rome_n sir_n charles_n blunt_a lord_n montioy_n in_o the_o depth_n of_o winter_n and_o with_o his_o tire_a soldier_n so_o daunt_v their_o spanish_a heart_n that_o with_o one_o victory_n he_o repress_v their_o brag_a boldness_n and_o recover_v the_o irish_a that_o be_v ready_a to_o revolt_v 10_o god_n have_v oftentimes_o show_v his_o tender_a love_n and_o affection_n to_o this_o people_n in_o lay_v his_o fatherly_a chastisement_n and_o affliction_n upon_o they_o sometime_o by_o wind_n sometime_o by_o famine_n and_o dearth_n and_o sometime_o again_o by_o open_v his_o hand_n of_o plenty_n into_o their_o lap_n to_o convert_v they_o to_o himself_o and_o to_o divert_v their_o heart_n from_o superstition_n in_o the_o year_n 1330_o about_o the_o feast_n of_o saint_n john_n 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v a_o such_o a_o deaâ—th_n of_o coâ—â—e_n in_o this_o country_n by_o the_o abundance_n of_o rain_n and_o the_o inundation_n of_o water_n which_o continue_v until_o michaelmas_n follow_v that_o a_o cranoc_n of_o wheat_n be_v sell_v for_o 〈…〉_z a_o cranoc_n of_o oat_n for_o eight_o shilling_n a_o cranoc_n of_o pease_n beanes_n and_o barley_n for_o as_o much_o 〈◊〉_d windâ—s_n the_o same_o year_n be_v so_o mighty_a that_o many_o be_v hurt_v and_o many_o slay_v outright_o by_o the_o fall_n of_o house_n that_o be_v force_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o same_o the_o like_a whereof_o be_v never_o see_v in_o ireland_n in_o the_o year_n 1317_o there_o be_v such_o a_o dearth_n of_o corn_n and_o other_o victual_n that_o a_o cranoc_n of_o wheat_n be_v sell_v for_o twenty_o three_o shilling_n and_o many_o householder_n that_o before_o time_n have_v sustain_v and_o 〈◊〉_d a_o great_a number_n be_v this_o year_n drive_v to_o beg_v and_o many_o famish_a in_o the_o time_n of_o which_o â—â—mine_n the_o mercy_n of_o god_n so_o dispose_v that_o upon_o the_o 27._o day_n of_o june_n in_o the_o year_n 1331_o there_o come_v to_o land_v such_o a_o mighty_a multitude_n of_o great_a sea-fish_n that_o be_v thurshed_n such_o as_o in_o many_o age_n past_a have_v never_o be_v see_v that_o the_o people_n be_v much_o comfort_v in_o this_o distress_n and_o receive_v great_a relief_n and_o sustenance_n by_o the_o same_o 11_o place_n of_o religion_n in_o this_o country_n be_v the_o two_o abbey_n at_o yoghall_n call_v the_o north-abbey_n and_o south-abbey_n the_o two_o abbey_n at_o limericke_n s._n francis_n abbey_n and_o s_o dominicke_n abbey_n the_o two_o abbey_n at_o cork_n the_o abbey_n of_o the_o i_o will_v and_o s._n frances_n abbey_n and_o the_o famous_a abbey_n in_o time_n past_a of_o the_o holy_a cross_n which_o have_v have_v many_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n grant_v unto_o it_o in_o honour_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o christ_n cross_n that_o be_v as_o they_o say_v sometime_o preserve_v there_o thus_o be_v christian_n persuade_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n in_o what_o troop_n and_o assembly_n people_n do_v even_o yet_o conflow_v thither_o upon_o devotion_n as_o unto_o a_o place_n of_o holiness_n and_o sanctâ—â—e_n so_o firm_o be_v they_o settle_v in_o the_o religion_n of_o their_o forefather_n which_o have_v be_v increase_v beyond_o all_o measure_n by_o the_o negligent_a care_n of_o their_o teacher_n who_o shall_v instruct_v their_o ignorance_n and_o labour_n to_o reduce_v they_o from_o the_o error_n they_o persevere_v in_o leinster_n chapter_n iii_o this_o country_n the_o native_n call_v leighnigh_o the_o britain_n lein_n in_o latin_a lagenia_fw-la in_o the_o ancient_a life_n of_o the_o saint_n lagen_n and_o in_o english_a leinster_n it_o lie_v eastward_o along_o hibernicum_n sea_n on_o connaught_n side_n westward_o it_o be_v bound_v with_o the_o river_n shanon_n the_o north_n with_o the_o territory_n of_o louth_n and_o the_o south_n with_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o monster_n this_o country_n but_v upon_o england_n as_o monster_n and_o connaught_n do_v upon_o spain_n 2_o the_o form_n thereof_o be_v triangle_n and_o side_n not_o much_o unequal_a from_o her_o southeast_n unto_o the_o west-point_n about_o 80._o mile_n from_o thence_o to_o her_o north-west_n about_o 70._o mile_n and_o her_o east_n coast_n along_o the_o irish_a seashore_n eighty_o mile_n the_o circumference_n upon_o two_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o mile_n 3_o the_o air_n be_v clear_a and_o gentle_a mix_v with_o a_o temperate_a disposition_n yield_v neither_o extremity_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a according_a to_o the_o seasonable_a time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o the_o natural_a condition_n of_o the_o continent_n the_o soil_n be_v general_o fruitful_a plentiful_a both_o in_o fish_n and_o flesh_n and_o in_o other_o victual_n as_o butter_n cheese_n and_o mile_n it_o be_v fertile_a in_o corn_n cattle_n and_o pasture_n ground_n and_o will_v be_v much_o more_o if_o the_o husbandman_n do_v but_o apply_v his_o industry_n to_o which_o he_o be_v invite_v by_o the_o commodiousness_n of_o the_o country_n it_o be_v well_o water_v with_o rivers_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n well_o wood_v except_o the_o county_n of_o divelin_n which_o complain_v much_o of_o that_o want_n be_v so_o destitute_a of_o wood_n that_o they_o be_v compel_v to_o use_v a_o clammy_a kind_n of_o fat_a turf_n for_o their_o fuel_n or_o sea-coal_n bring_v out_o of_o england_n 4_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n in_o ptolemy_n day_n be_v the_o brigantes_n menaâ—â—â—_n cauci_n and_o blain_n from_o which_o blani_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v derive_v and_o contract_v the_o latter_a and_o modern_a name_n of_o this_o country_n lein_n leighnigh_n and_o leinster_n the_o menaâ—â—â—_n as_o the_o name_n do_v after_o a_o sort_n imply_v come_v from_o the_o menapian_n a_o nation_n in_o low_a germany_n that_o dwell_v by_o the_o seacoast_n these_o brigantes_n caâ—â—ed_v also_o birgantes_n florianus_n del_fw-it campo_n a_o spaniard_n labour_v to_o fetch_v from_o the_o brigant_n of_o his_o own_o country_n of_o who_o a_o ancient_a city_n in_o spain_n call_v brigantia_n take_v the_o name_n but_o they_o may_v seem_v rather_o to_o derive_v their_o denomination_n from_o the_o river_n birgus_n about_o which_o they_o inhabit_v for_o to_o this_o the_o very_a name_n be_v almost_o sufficient_a to_o persuade_v us._n 5_o the_o commodity_n of_o this_o country_n do_v chief_o consist_v in_o cattle_n sea-fowle_a and_o fish_n it_o breed_v many_o excellent_a good_a horse_n call_v irish_a hobby_n which_o have_v not_o the_o same_o pace_n that_o other_o horse_n have_v in_o their_o course_n but_o a_o soft_a and_o round_o amble_v set_v very_o easy_o 6_o this_o country_n have_v in_o it_o three_o river_n of_o note_n term_v in_o old_a time_n the_o three_o sister_n shower_n neor_n and_o barraeo_n which_o issue_n out_o of_o the_o huge_a mountain_n call_v by_o giraldus_n bladina_fw-la montes_n as_o out_o of_o their_o mother_n womb_n and_o from_o their_o rise_a top_n descend_v with_o a_o downfall_n into_o several_a channel_n before_o they_o empty_a themselves_o into_o the_o ocean_n join_v hand_n in_o hand_n all_o together_o in_o a_o mutual_a league_n and_o combination_n 7_o place_n very_o dangerous_a for_o ship_v be_v certain_a fiat_n and_o shallows_n in_o the_o sea_n that_o lie_v over_o against_o holy-point_n which_o the_o mariner_n call_v the_o ground_n also_o the_o shelf_n of_o sand_n that_o lie_v a_o great_a way_n in_o length_n opposite_a to_o newcastle_n which_o over-looketh_a they_o into_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n adjoin_v 8_o in_o this_o province_n be_v place_v many_o fair_a and_o wealthy_a town_n as_o kilkenny_n which_o for_o a_o burrough-towne_n excel_v all_o the_o midland_n burrough_n in_o this_o island_n kildare_n which_o be_v adorn_v with_o a_o episcopal_a see_v and_o much_o grace_v in_o the_o first_o infancy_n of_o the_o irish_a church_n by_o reason_n of_o saint_n bridgid_a a_o venerable_a virgin_n have_v in_o great_a account_n and_o estimation_n for_o her_o virginity_n and_o devotion_n as_o who_o be_v the_o disciple_n of_o s._n patrick_n of_o so_o great_a fame_n renown_n and_o antiquite_v also_o weisford_n a_o name_n give_v unto_o it_o by_o these_o german_n who_o the_o irish_a term_n oustmans_n a_o town_n though_o inferior_a to_o some_o yet_o as_o memorable_a as_o any_o for_o that_o it_o become_v the_o first_o colony_n of_o the_o english_a and_o do_v first_o submit_v itself_o unto_o their_o protection_n be_v assault_v by_o fitz_n stephen_n a_o captain_n worthy_o make_v famous_a for_o his_o valour_n and_o
island_n chapter_n vii_o wight_n island_n be_v in_o time_n past_o name_v by_o the_o roman_n vecta_n vectis_fw-la and_o vectesis_n by_o the_o britain_n guyth_v and_o in_o these_o day_n usual_o call_v by_o we_o the_o i_o will_v of_o wight_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o country_n of_o southampton_a and_o lie_v out_o in_o length_n over_o against_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o southward_o it_o be_v encompass_v round_o with_o the_o british_a sea_n and_o sever_v from_o the_o main_a land_n that_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v conjoin_v to_o it_o and_o thereof_o it_o be_v think_v the_o british_a name_n guyth_v have_v be_v give_v unto_o it_o which_o betoken_v separation_n even_o as_o 〈◊〉_d be_v break_v off_o and_o cut_v from_o italy_n get_v the_o name_n from_o secando_fw-la which_o signify_v cut_v 2_o the_o form_n of_o this_o isle_n be_v long_o and_o in_o the_o midst_n far_o more_o wide_a then_o at_o either_o end_n from_o 〈◊〉_d i_o will_v in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d to_o 〈◊〉_d castle_n in_o the_o west_n it_o stretch_v out_o in_o length_n 20._o mile_n and_o in_o 〈…〉_z northward_o to_o 〈…〉_z southward_o 12._o mile_n the_o whole_a in_o circumference_n 〈…〉_z 3_o the_o ayâ—e_n be_v commend_v both_o for_o health_n and_o delight_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v witness_v by_o the_o 〈◊〉_d continuance_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o state_n of_o then_o body_n before_o they_o be_v decay_v and_o the_o other_o for_o quantity_n give_v place_n to_o no_o neighbour_a country_n 4_o the_o ground_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v exceed_o full_a of_o fish_n consist_v of_o soil_n very_o fruitful_a yet_o the_o husbandman_n labour_n deserve_v to_o be_v thankful_o remember_v by_o who_o pain_n and_o industry_n it_o do_v not_o only_o supply_v itself_o but_o afford_v â—orne_v to_o be_v carry_v forth_o to_o other_o the_o â—and_n be_v plenteous_o store_v with_o cattle_n and_o graine_n and_o breed_v every_o where_o store_n of_o coney_n hare_n patridge_n and_o pheasant_n pleasant_a for_o meadow_n pasturage_n and_o park_n so_o that_o nothing_o be_v want_v that_o may_v suffice_v man_n the_o midst_n yield_v plenty_n of_o pasture_n and_o forage_v for_o sheep_n who_o wool_n the_o clothier_n esteem_v the_o best_a next_o unto_o that_o of_o leinster_n and_o cotteswold_n if_o you_o cast_v your_o eye_n towards_o the_o north_n it_o be_v all_o over_o garnish_v with_o meadow_n pasture_n and_o wood_n if_o towards_o the_o south_n side_n it_o lie_v in_o a_o manner_n whole_o bedeck_v with_o cornefields_n enclose_v where_o at_o each_o end_n the_o sea_n do_v so_o incroachâ—t_a self_n that_o it_o make_v almost_o two_o land_n beside_o namely_o freshwater_n isle_n which_o look_v to_o the_o west_n and_o bâ—nbridge_n isle_n answer_v it_o to_o the_o east_n 5_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o whole_a chief_o consist_v of_o cattle_n sea_n foul_a fish_n and_o corn_n whereof_o it_o have_v sufficient_a wood_n be_v not_o here_o very_o plentiful_a for_o that_o it_o be_v only_o store_v with_o one_o little_a forest_n yet_o the_o country_n of_o hamshire_n for_o vicinity_n of_o site_n be_v a_o friendly_a neighbour_n in_o that_o behalf_n so_o as_o it_o be_v be_v tie_v together_o in_o affinity_n they_o be_v always_o ready_a and_o propense_a to_o add_v to_o each_o other_o want_n and_o defect_n by_o a_o mutual_a supply_n 6_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n be_v the_o belga_n speak_v of_o in_o the_o several_a province_n of_o somersetshire_n wilt-shire_n and_o hamshire_n such_o as_o do_v then_o possess_v it_o be_v call_v lord_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n till_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n by_o râ—ger_n son_n to_o william_n fit_v osburne_n slay_v in_o the_o war_n of_o flanders_n that_o be_v drive_v into_o exile_n and_o henry_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n give_v it_o unto_o richard_n riduers_o with_o the_o see_v or_o inheritance_n of_o the_o town_n of_o christs-church_n where_o at_o in_o all_o other_o place_n he_o build_v certain_a fortrestes_n 7_o the_o principal_a market-town_n in_o the_o isle_n be_v newport_n call_v in_o time_n past_o medena_n and_o novus_n burgus_n de_fw-fr meden_n that_o be_v the_o new_a burgh_n of_o meden_n whereof_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v divide_v into_o east_n meden_n and_o west_n meden_n a_o town_n well_o seat_v and_o much_o frequent_v unto_o who_o burgesles_fw-mi his_o majesty_n have_v late_o grant_v the_o choice_n of_o a_o major_n who_o with_o his_o brethren_n do_v govern_v according_o it_o be_v populous_a with_o inhabitant_n have_v a_o entrance_n into_o the_o isle_n from_o the_o haven_n and_o a_o passage_n for_o vessel_n of_o small_a burden_n unto_o the_o key_n not_o far_o from_o it_o be_v the_o castle_n caresbrooke_n who_o founder_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v whitgar_a the_o saxon_a and_o from_o he_o call_v white-garesburgh_a but_o now_o make_v short_a for_o easy_a pronunciation_n the_o graduation_n whereof_o for_o latitude_n be_v in_o the_o degree_n 50._o 36._o minute_n and_o her_o longitude_n in_o 19_o 4._o minute_n where_o former_o have_v stand_v a_o priory_n and_o at_o quarre_n a_o nunnery_n a_o necessary_a neighbour_n to_o those_o penitentiaries_n and_o yet_o in_o their_o merry_a mood_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n do_v boast_v that_o they_o be_v happy_a than_o their_o neighbour_n country_n for_o that_o they_o never_o have_v monk_n that_o ever_o wear_v hood_n lawyer_n that_o cavilled_a nor_o fox_n that_o be_v crafty_a 8_o it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o the_o year_n of_o man_n salvation_n 1176._o and_o twentie-three_a of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o that_o in_o this_o island_n it_o rain_v a_o shower_n of_o blood_n which_o continue_v for_o the_o space_n of_o 2_o hour_n together_o to_o the_o great_a wonder_n and_o amazement_n of_o the_o people_n that_o behold_v it_o with_o fear_n 9_o this_o isle_n of_o wight_n be_v fortify_v both_o by_o art_n and_o nature_n for_o beside_o the_o strength_n of_o artificial_a fort_n and_o blockehouse_n wherewith_o it_o be_v well_o furnish_v it_o want_v not_o the_o assistance_n of_o natural_a fence_n as_o be_v enrich_v with_o a_o continual_a ridge_n and_o range_v of_o craggy_a cliff_n and_o rock_n and_o bank_n very_o dangerous_a for_o sailor_n as_o the_o needle_n so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o sharpness_n the_o shingles_n mixon_n bramble_n etc._n etc._n 10_o vespasian_n be_v the_o first_o that_o bring_v it_o to_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o romaene_n while_o he_o serve_v as_o a_o private_a person_n under_o claudius_n caesar_n and_o cerdic_n be_v the_o first_o english_a saxon_n that_o subdue_v it_o who_o grant_v it_o unto_o sâ—uffe_n and_o whitgar_a they_o joint_o together_o slay_v almost_o all_o the_o british_a inhabitant_n be_v but_o few_o of_o they_o there_o remain_v in_o the_o town_n aforesaid_a call_v of_o his_o name_n whitgaresburgh_n wolpher_n king_n of_o the_o merciam_fw-la reduce_v this_o island_n afterward_o under_o his_o obedience_n and_o at_o that_o time_n when_o he_o become_v godfather_n to_o edelwalch_n king_n of_o the_o southsaxons_a and_o answer_v for_o he_o at_o his_o baptism_n he_o assign_v it_o over_o unto_o he_o with_o the_o province_n also_o of_o the_o menuari_fw-la but_o when_o edelwalch_n be_v slay_v and_o aruandus_n the_o petty_a king_n of_o the_o island_n be_v make_v away_o coedwalla_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n annex_v it_o to_o his_o dominion_n and_o in_o a_o tragical_a and_o lamentable_a massacre_n put_v to_o the_o sword_n almost_o every_o mother_n child_n of_o the_o inborn_a inhabitant_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v best_a worthy_a note_n and_o observation_n be_v this_o that_o bishop_n wilfrid_n be_v the_o first_o that_o instruct_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n in_o christian_a religion_n and_o bring_v they_o from_o idolatrous_a superstition_n with_o the_o which_o unto_o that_o time_n they_o be_v obscure_o blind_v dorcester-shire_n chapter_n viii_o dorcester_n from_o her_o ancient_a people_n durotriges_n be_v most_o likely_a to_o have_v receive_v that_o name_n by_o the_o britain_n be_v call_v dwrgweir_n lie_v bound_v upon_o the_o north-side_n with_o somerset_n and_o wâ—lt-shire_n upon_o the_o west_n with_o dâ—â—â—shire_n and_o some_o part_n with_o somerset_n upon_o the_o east_n altogether_o with_o hampshire_n and_o her_o south_n part_n be_v whole_o bound_v with_o the_o british_a sea_n 2_o the_o form_n grow_v wide_a from_o the_o west_n and_o spread_v herself_o the_o broad_a in_o the_o midst_n where_o it_o extend_v to_o twentie-foure_a mile_n but_o in_o length_n be_v no_o less_o than_o fortiefoure_a the_o whole_a in_o circumference_n about_o be_v one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o mile_n 3_o the_o air_n be_v good_a and_o of_o a_o healthful_a constitution_n the_o soil_n be_v fat_a afford_v many_o commodity_n and_o the_o country_n most_o pleasant_a in_o her_o situation_n for_o the_o inland_n be_v water_v with_o many_o sweet_a and_o fresh_a run_a spring_n
city_n and_o that_o open_o at_o high_a noonday_n this_o notwithstanding_o she_o thankful_o accept_v and_o perform_v the_o act_n according_o enjoin_v for_o this_o lady_n gâ—diâ—a_n strip_v herself_o of_o all_o rich_a attire_n let_v loose_v the_o treffe_n of_o her_o fair_a hair_n which_o on_o every_o side_n so_o cover_v her_o nakedness_n that_o no_o part_n of_o her_o body_n be_v uncivil_a to_o sight_n whereby_o she_o redeem_v the_o former_a freedom_n and_o remission_n of_o such_o heavy_a tribute_n who_o memory_n i_o wish_v may_v remain_v honourable_a in_o that_o city_n for_o ever_o and_o her_o pity_n follow_v by_o such_o possess_n lady_n this_o city_n have_v grant_v to_o choose_v their_o yearly_a magistrate_n a_o mayor_n and_o two_o bailiff_n and_o to_o build_v about_o and_o embattle_v a_o wall_n by_o king_n edward_n the_o 3._o who_o henry_n the_o 6._o corporated_a a_o county_n of_o itself_o and_o change_v the_o name_n of_o their_o bailiff_n into_o sheriff_n and_o the_o wall_n than_o be_v build_v as_o they_o now_o stand_v through_o which_o open_a 13_o gate_n for_o entrance_n beside_o 18._o other_o tower_n thereon_o for_o defence_n at_o gofford-gate_n in_o the_o east_n hang_v the_o shield-bene_a of_o a_o wild_a boar_n far_o big_a than_o the_o great_a oxe-bone_n with_o who_o snout_n the_o great_a pit_n call_v swanswell_n be_v turn_v up_o and_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o famous_a guy_n if_o we_o will_v believe_v report_n next_o unto_o this_o city_n in_o account_n and_o commerce_n be_v warroicke_a upon_o the_o northwest_n bank_n of_o auon_n build_v by_o gurgunstus_n the_o son_n of_o belâ—â—e_n as_o john_n rosse_n monk_n of_o the_o place_n sai_z 375._o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n by_o ninius_n call_v caer-guaruic_a and_o caer-leon_n and_o by_o learned_a cambden_n judge_v to_o be_v praesidium_n the_o roman_a garrison_n town_n the_o situation_n of_o this_o place_n be_v most_o pleasant_a upon_o a_o hill_n rise_v from_o the_o river_n over_o which_o be_v a_o strong_a and_o fair_a stone_n bridge_n and_o her_o sharp_a stream_n upon_o the_o town_n side_n check_v with_o a_o most_o sumptuous_a and_o stately_a castle_n the_o decay_n whereof_o with_o great_a cost_n and_o curious_a building_n the_o right_a worthy_a knight_n sir_n foulke_n grevil_n in_o who_o person_n shine_v all_o true_a virtue_n and_o high_a nobility_n have_v repair_v who_o merit_n to_o i_o ward_o i_o do_v acknowledge_v in_o set_v this_o hand_n free_a from_o the_o daily_a employment_n of_o a_o manual_a trade_n and_o give_v it_o full_a liberty_n thus_o to_o express_v the_o inclination_n of_o my_o mind_n himself_o be_v the_o procurer_n of_o my_o present_a estate_n it_o seem_v this_o town_n have_v be_v wall_v about_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o trench_n in_o some_o place_n see_v and_o two_o very_a fair_a gate_n who_o passage_n be_v hew_v out_o of_o the_o rock_n as_o all_o other_o into_o the_o town_n be_v over_o who_o two_o beautiful_a chapel_n be_v build_v that_o towards_o the_o east_n call_v s_o peter_n and_o that_o on_o the_o south-west_n s_o james._n two_o fair_a church_n be_v therein_o seat_v call_v s._n mary_n and_o s._n nicholas_n but_o these_o in_o and_o about_o the_o town_n suppress_v s._n laurence_n s._n michael_n john_n baptist_n and_o john_n of_o jerusalem_n beside_o the_o nunnery_n in_o the_o north_n of_o the_o town_n who_o north_n pole_n be_v elevate_v in_o latitude_n 52._o degree_n 45_o minute_n and_o be_v seat_v from_o the_o first_o point_n in_o the_o west_n of_o longitude_n 18_o degree_n and_o 45_o minute_n be_v yearly_a govern_v by_o a_o bailiff_n twelve_o brethren_n twenty_o four_o burgess_n for_o common_a counsel_n a_o recorder_n a_o town-clerk_n and_o one_o sergeant_n their_o attendant_n 7_o place_n of_o most_o memorable_a note_n observe_v in_o this_o shire_n be_v shugbury_n where_o the_o precious_a stone_n astroite_n be_v find_v of-church_n which_o be_v the_o palace_n of_o great_a offa_n the_o mercian_n and_o the_o buriall-place_n of_o s._n fremund_n his_o son_n chesterton_n where_o the_o famous_a fosse-way_n be_v see_v at_o leamington_n so_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n a_o spring_n of_o salt-water_n boil_v up_o and_o at_o newenham_n regis_n most_o sovereign_a water_n against_o the_o stone_n green_a wound_n ulcer_n and_o impostume_n and_o drink_v with_o salt_n lose_v but_o with_o sugar_n bind_v the_o body_n and_o turn_v wood_n into_o stone_n as_o myself_o see_v by_o many_o stick_n that_o therein_o be_v fall_v some_o part_n of_o they_o ash_n and_o some_o part_n of_o they_o stone_n and_o guy-cliffe_n where_o the_o famous_a earl_n guy_n after_o many_o painful_a exploit_n achieve_v retire_a and_o unknown_a lead_v a_o hermit_n life_n and_o be_v last_o there_o bury_v 8_o the_o chief_a commodity_n in_o this_o county_n grow_v be_v corn_n whereof_o the_o red_a horse_n vale_n yield_v most_o abundant_o wool_n in_o great_a plenty_n wood_n and_o iron_n though_o the_o producer_n of_o the_o one_o will_v be_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o other_o such_o honourable_a family_n as_o have_v be_v dignify_v with_o the_o earldom_n of_o this_o shire-towne_n name_v since_o the_o norman_n conquest_n in_o the_o great_a map_n itself_o be_v insert_v and_o by_o their_o several_a name_n express_v northamptonshire_n chapter_n xxvii_o northamptonshire_n situate_v near_o unto_o the_o midst_n of_o england_n lie_v separt_v upon_o the_o north_n from_o lincolnshire_n by_o the_o river_n wâ—land_n from_o hammington-shire_n on_o the_o east_n be_v part_v by_o the_o water_n nene_n her_o south_n be_v bound_v with_o buckingham_n and_o oxford_n shire_n and_o the_o west_n from_o warwick_n with_o watling-street-way_n auon_n and_o weland_n be_v divide_v from_o leicester-shire_n 2_o the_o form_n of_o this_o county_n be_v large_a and_o narrow_a broad_a in_o the_o south-west_n and_o thence_o shoot_v still_o lesser_a like_o unto_o a_o horn_n nor_o not_o much_o unlike_a to_o the_o form_n of_o cornwall_n and_o from_o the_o entrance_n of_o cherwell_n into_o this_o shire_n unto_o the_o fall_n of_o weland_n and_o nene_n near_o unto_o crowland_n be_v by_o measure_n forty_o six_o mile_n and_o the_o broad_a part_n be_v from_o ouse_n unto_o auon_n which_o be_v not_o full_o twenty_o mile_n the_o whole_a in_o circumference_n one_o hundred_o and_o nineteen_o mile_n 3_o the_o air_n be_v good_a temperate_a and_o healthful_a the_o soil_n be_v champion_n rich_a and_o fruitful_a and_o so_o plenteous_o people_v that_o from_o some_o ascent_n thirty_o parish-church_n and_o many_o more_o windmill_n at_o one_o view_n may_v be_v see_v notwithstanding_o the_o simple_a and_o gentle_a sheep_n of_o all_o creature_n the_o most_o harmless_a be_v now_o become_v so_o ravenous_a that_o they_o begin_v to_o devour_v man_n waste_v field_n and_o depopulate_v house_n if_o not_o whole_a township_n as_o one_o merry_o have_v write_v 4_o the_o ancient_a people_n know_v to_o the_o roman_n and_o record_v by_o ptolemie_n be_v the_o coritani_n who_o possess_v this_o country_n and_o be_v branch_v further_o through_o leicester_n lincoln_n nottingham_n rutland_n and_o darbie-shire_n these_o join_v with_o the_o irenians_n with_o they_o be_v fetter_v with_o the_o chain_n of_o subjection_n when_o for_o claudius_n publius_n ostrius_n scapula_n enter_v his_o lieutenantship_n in_o britain_n and_o in_o battle_n subdue_v all_o betwixt_o the_o river_n nene_n and_o sabrina_n but_o when_o the_o roman_n be_v content_a to_o let_v go_v that_o which_o so_o long_o be_v desire_v and_o have_v cost_v so_o much_o in_o the_o get_n the_o saxon_n a_o most_o warlike_a nation_n put_v into_o these_o part_n and_o make_v it_o a_o portion_n of_o their_o mercian_n kingdom_n but_o their_o government_n also_o grow_v out_o of_o date_n the_o norman_n seat_v themselves_o in_o these_o fair_a possession_n the_o branch_n of_o whole_a stem_n be_v spread_v abroad_o in_o these_o part_n most_o fruitful_a and_o fair_a 5_o commodity_n arise_v in_o this_o shire_n be_v chief_o get_v by_o tillage_n and_o plough_n whereby_o corn_n so_o plentiful_o abound_v that_o in_o no_o other_o county_n be_v find_v more_o or_o so_o much_o the_o pasture_n and_o wood_n be_v fill_v with_o cattle_n and_o every_o where_o sheep_n load_v with_o their_o fleece_n of_o wool_n 6_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o this_o shire_n be_v northampton_n whereof_o the_o county_n take_v name_n which_o for_o circuit_n beauty_n and_o building_n may_v be_v rank_v with_o the_o most_o of_o the_o city_n of_o our_o land_n it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o meeting_n and_o confluence_n of_o two_o river_n the_o great_a whereof_o bear_v to_o name_v nen._n this_o town_n have_v be_v build_v all_o of_o stone_n as_o by_o many_o foundation_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n be_v see_v and_o be_v wall_v about_o both_o strong_a and_o high_a except_v the_o west_n which_o be_v defend_v by_o a_o river_n part_v into_o many_o stream_n in_o the_o depredation_n of_o the_o dane_n
rase-stone_n contain_v 24._o mile_n the_o whole_a circumference_n about_o 112._o mile_n 3_o the_o form_n thereof_o be_v somewhat_o long_a and_o narrow_a the_o air_n sharp_a and_o pierce_a purge_v itself_o from_o the_o trouble_n of_o gross_a foggy_a mist_n and_o vapour_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o the_o people_n of_o this_o province_n be_v not_o acquaint_v with_o strange_a disease_n or_o imperfection_n of_o body_n but_o live_v long_o and_o be_v healthful_a and_o attain_v to_o the_o number_n of_o many_o year_n 4_o the_o soil_n for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o it_o be_v but_o barren_a and_o can_v hardly_o be_v bring_v to_o any_o fruitfulness_n by_o the_o industry_n and_o painful_a labour_n of_o the_o husbandman_n be_v so_o full_a of_o infertile_a place_n which_o the_o northern_a englishman_n call_v moores_n yet_o the_o more_o southerly_a part_n be_v not_o report_v to_o be_v so_o sterile_a but_o more_o fruitful_a in_o the_o valley_n though_o contain_v in_o a_o narrow_a room_n between_o the_o river_n lone_n and_o wâ—â—ander_n mear_v and_o it_o be_v all_o term_v by_o one_o name_n the_o barony_n of_o kendale_n or_o candale_n that_o be_v the_o dale_n by_o can_n take_v the_o name_n of_o the_o river_n can_v that_o run_v through_o it_o 5_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o brigantes_n mention_v in_o the_o several_a county_n of_o york_n lancaster_n and_o cumberland_n 6_o it_o be_v not_o commend_v either_o for_o plenty_n of_o corn_n or_o cattle_n be_v neither_o store_v with_o arable_a ground_n to_o bring_v forth_o the_o one_o nor_o pasturage_n to_o breed_v up_o the_o other_o the_o principal_a profit_n that_o the_o people_n of_o this_o province_n raise_v unto_o themselves_o be_v by_o clothing_n 7_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o which_o be_v kandale_n or_o kendale_n call_v also_o kirkeby_n kendale_n stand_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n can._n this_o town_n be_v of_o great_a trade_n and_o resort_n and_o for_o the_o diligent_a and_o industrious_a practice_n of_o make_v cloth_n so_o excel_v the_o rest_n that_o in_o regard_n thereof_o it_o carry_v a_o supereminent_a name_n above_o they_o and_o have_v great_a vent_n &_o trashque_n for_o her_o woollen_a clothes_n through_o all_o the_o part_n of_o england_n it_o challenge_v not_o much_o glory_n for_o antiquity_n only_o this_o it_o account_v a_o great_a credit_n that_o it_o have_v dignify_v three_o earl_n with_o the_o title_n thereof_o as_o john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n who_o henry_n the_o five_o be_v his_o brother_n advance_v to_o that_o honour_n john_n duke_n of_o somerset_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr foix_n who_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o prefer_v to_o that_o dignity_n for_o his_o honourable_a and_o trusty_a service_n do_v in_o the_o french_a war_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o very_o civil_a and_o orderly_a government_n the_o which_o be_v manage_v by_o a_o alderman_n choose_v every_o year_n out_o of_o his_o twelve_o brethren_n who_o be_v all_o distinguish_v and_o notify_v from_o the_o rest_n by_o the_o wear_n of_o purple_a garment_n the_o alderman_n and_o his_o senior_a brother_n be_v always_o justice_n of_o peace_n and_o quorum_fw-la there_o be_v in_o it_o a_o town-clerk_n a_o recorder_n two_o sergeant_n at_o mace_n and_o two_o chamberlain_n by_o mathematical_a observation_n the_o site_n of_o this_o town_n be_v in_o the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n 17._o 30._o scruple_n from_o the_o first_o west_n point_n and_o the_o pole_n elevate_v in_o latitude_n to_o the_o degree_n 55._o and_o 15._o minute_n 8_o place_n of_o memorable_a note_n for_o antiquity_n be_v vertera_fw-mi mention_v by_o antonine_n the_o emperor_n and_o aballaba_n which_o we_o contract_o call_v apelby_n in_o the_o one_o the_o northern_a english_a conspire_v against_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o norman_a government_n in_o the_o other_o the_o aurelian_a maure_n keep_v a_o station_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o their_o high_a street_n be_v yet_o apparent_o to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o ridge_n thereof_o which_o lead_v by_o apelby_n to_o a_o place_n call_v brovonacum_n mention_v in_o the_o book_n of_o provincial_a notice_n the_o antique_a piece_n of_o roman_a coin_n other_o while_o dig_v up_o hereabout_o and_o some_o inscription_n not_o long_o since_o find_v show_v of_o what_o continuance_n they_o have_v be_v although_o time_n which_o devout_v all_o thing_n have_v so_o feed_v upon_o their_o carcase_n many_o age_n together_o as_o it_o have_v almost_o consume_v both_o house_n and_o inhabitant_n for_o apelby_n now_o be_v bare_a both_o of_o people_n and_o building_n and_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o antiquity_n that_o make_v it_o the_o more_o esteemable_a in_o who_o castle_n the_o assize_n be_v common_o keep_v it_o will_v be_v little_a better_o in_o account_n then_o a_o village_n verterae_n be_v long_o since_o decay_v and_o the_o name_n of_o it_o change_v into_o burgh_n for_o it_o be_v common_o name_v burgh_n under_o staâ—emore_n in_o which_o it_o be_v say_v a_o roman_a captain_n make_v his_o abode_n with_o a_o band_n of_o directores_fw-la in_o the_o decline_a age_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n these_o two_o place_n william_n of_o newborough_n call_v princely_a hold_n and_o write_v that_o william_n king_n of_o scot_n a_o little_a before_o he_o himself_o be_v take_v prisoner_n at_o alnewicke_n surprise_v they_o on_o a_o sudden_a but_o king_n john_n recover_v they_o after_o and_o liberal_o bestow_v they_o upon_o robert_n â—_z for_o his_o many_o worthy_a service_n 9_o there_o be_v mention_v make_v but_o of_o one_o religious_a house_n that_o have_v be_v in_o all_o this_o country_n and_o that_o be_v a_o little_a monastery_n seat_v near_o unto_o the_o river_n lodâ—â—_n build_v by_o thoâ—as_n the_o son_n of_o gospatricke_n the_o son_n of_o orms_n where_o there_o be_v a_o fountain_n or_o spring_n that_o ebb_v and_o flow_v many_o time_n a_o day_n and_o it_o be_v think_v that_o some_o notable_a act_n of_o achievement_n have_v be_v perform_v there_o for_o that_o there_o be_v huge_a stone_n in_o form_n of_o pyramid_n some_o nine_o foot_n high_a and_o fourteen_o foot_n thick_a range_v for_o a_o mile_n in_o length_n direct_o in_o a_o row_n and_o equal_o distant_a which_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v there_o purposely_o pitched_a in_o memory_n thereof_o but_o what_o that_o act_n be_v be_v not_o now_o know_v but_o quite_o wear_v out_o of_o remembrance_n by_o time_n injury_n 10_o other_o matter_n worthy_a observation_n be_v only_o these_o that_o at_o amboglana_n now_o call_v amble-side_n near_o the_o upper_a corner_n of_o winander_fw-ge mear_v there_o appear_v at_o this_o day_n the_o ruin_n of_o a_o ancient_a city_n which_o by_o the_o british-bricke_n by_o romane-money_n oftentimes_o find_v there_o by_o highway_n pave_v lead_v unto_o it_o and_o other_o likelihood_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o work_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o fortress_n thereof_o so_o long_o fence_v with_o a_o ditch_n and_o rampire_n that_o it_o take_v up_o in_o length_n one_o hundred_o thirty_o two_o ell_n and_o in_o breadth_n eight_o there_o be_v also_o near_o kendale_n in_o the_o river_n can_v two_o catadupae_n or_o waterfall_n where_o the_o water_n descend_v with_o such_o a_o forcible_a downfall_n that_o it_o compel_v a_o mighty_a noise_n to_o be_v hear_v which_o the_o neighbour_n inhabitant_n make_v such_o use_n of_o as_o they_o stand_v they_o in_o as_o good_a stead_n as_o prognostication_n for_o when_o that_o which_o stand_v north_n from_o they_o sound_v more_o clear_a and_o with_o a_o loud_a echo_n in_o their_o ear_n they_o certain_o look_v for_o fair_a weather_n to_o follow_v but_o when_o that_o on_o the_o south_n do_v the_o like_a they_o expect_v foggy_a mist_n and_o shower_n of_o rain_n 11_o this_o province_n be_v trade_v with_o four_o market-town_n fortify_v with_o the_o strength_n of_o seven_o castle_n and_o have_v 26._o parish_n in_o it_o for_o the_o celebration_n of_o divine_a service_n cumberland_n chapter_n xli_o cumberland_n the_o further_a northwest_n province_n in_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n confront_v upon_o the_o south_n of_o scotland_n and_o be_v divide_v from_o that_o kingdom_n partly_o by_o the_o river_n kirson_n then_o cross_v eske_n by_o a_o tract_n through_o solome-mosse_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o solwaye_n frith_n by_o ptolemie_n call_v the_o 〈◊〉_d bay_n the_o northwest_n part_n be_v neighbour_v by_o northumberland_n more_o eastward_o with_o westmoreland_n the_o south_n with_o lancashire_n and_o the_o west_n be_v whole_o wash_v with_o the_o irish_a sea_n 2_o the_o form_n whereof_o be_v long_a and_o narrow_a point_v wedgelike_a into_o the_o south_n which_o part_n be_v altogether_o pester_v with_o copped-hille_n and_o therefore_o have_v the_o name_n of_o cop-land_n the_o middle_n be_v more_o level_a and_o better_o inhabit_v yield_v sufficient_a for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o man_n but_o the_o north_n be_v wild_a and_o
solitary_a cumber_v with_o hill_n as_o copland_n be_v 3_o the_o air_n be_v pierce_v and_o of_o a_o sharp_a temperature_n and_o will_v be_v more_o bite_a be_v it_o not_o that_o those_o high_a hill_n break_v off_o the_o northern_a storm_n and_o cold_a fall_a snow_n 4_o notwithstanding_o rich_a be_v this_o province_n and_o with_o great_a variety_n thereof_o be_v replenish_v the_o hill_n though_o rough_a yet_o smile_v upon_o their_o beholder_n spread_v with_o sheep_n and_o cattle_n the_o valley_n store_v with_o grass_n and_o corn_n sufficient_a the_o sea_n afford_v great_a store_n of_o fish_n the_o land_n overspread_v with_o variety_n of_o fowl_n and_o the_o river_n feed_v a_o kind_n of_o muscle_n that_o bring_v forth_o pearl_n where_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o irt_n as_o they_o lie_v gape_v and_o suck_v in_o dew_n the_o country_n people_n gather_v and_o sell_v to_o the_o lapidary_n to_o their_o own_o little_a and_o the_o buyer_n great_a gain_n but_o the_o mine_n royal_a of_o copper_n whereof_o this_o country_n yield_v much_o be_v for_o use_v the_o rich_a of_o all_o the_o place_n be_v at_o keswick_n and_o newland_n where_o likewise_o the_o black_a lead_n be_v get_v who_o plenty_n make_v it_o of_o no_o great_a esteem_n otherwise_o a_o commodity_n that_o can_v hardly_o be_v miss_v 5_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n know_v to_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o brigantes_n who_o ptolemie_n disperse_v into_o westmoreland_n richmond_z durham_n yorkshire_n and_o lanca-shire_n but_o when_o the_o saxon_n have_v over_o bear_v the_o britain_n and_o force_v they_o out_o of_o the_o best_a to_o seek_v their_o rest_n among_o the_o vast_a mountain_n these_o by_o they_o be_v enter_v into_o where_o they_o hold_v play_v with_o those_o enemy_n maugre_o their_o force_n and_o from_o they_o as_o mariama_n do_v witness_v the_o land_n be_v call_v cumber_n of_o those_o kumbri_n the_o britain_n but_o when_o the_o state_n of_o the_o saxon_n be_v fore_o shake_v by_o the_o dane_n this_o cumberland_n be_v account_v a_o kingdom_n itself_o for_o so_o the_o flower-gatherer_n of_o westminster_n record_v king_n edmund_n say_v he_o with_o the_o help_n of_o leoline_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n waste_v all_o cumberland_n and_o have_v put_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o two_o son_n of_o dunmail_n king_n of_o that_o province_n grant_v that_o kingdom_n unto_o molcolm_n king_n of_o scot_n whereof_o their_o elder_a son_n become_v prefect_n this_o province_n king_n stephen_n to_o purchase_v favour_n with_o the_o scot_n what_o time_n he_o stand_v in_o most_o need_n of_o aid_n confirm_v by_o gift_n under_o their_o crown_n which_o henry_n the_o second_o notwithstanding_o make_v claim_n unto_o and_o get_v as_o newbrigensis_n write_v and_o lay_v it_o again_o in_o the_o march_n of_o england_n since_o when_o many_o bicker_n betwixt_o these_o nation_n herein_o have_v happen_v but_o none_o so_o sore_o against_o the_o scotish_n side_n as_o be_v that_o at_o sallome-mosse_n where_o their_o nobility_n disdain_v their_o general_n oliver_n sinclere_n give_v over_o the_o battle_n and_o yield_v themselves_o to_o the_o english_a which_o dishonour_n pierce_v so_o deep_o into_o the_o heart_n of_o king_n james_n the_o five_o that_o for_o grief_n thereof_o he_o short_o after_o die_v 6_o many_o memorable_a antiquity_n remain_v and_o have_v be_v find_v in_o this_o county_n for_o it_o be_v the_o confine_n of_o the_o roman_n possession_n be_v continual_o secure_v by_o their_o garrison_n where_o remain_v aâ—_n this_o day_n part_n of_o that_o admirable_a wall_n build_v by_o severâ—s_n also_o another_o fortification_n from_o wâ—rkinton_n to_o elus_n mouth_n upon_o the_o sea-shoare_n towards_o ireland_n by_o stilico_n raise_v when_o under_o theodosius_n he_o suppress_v the_o rage_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o irish_a and_o free_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o saxon_n pirate_n upon_o hardknot_n hill_n moresby_n old_a carlisle_n pap-castle_n along_o the_o wall_n and_o in_o many_o other_o place_n their_o ruin_n remain_v with_o altar_n and_o inscription_n of_o their_o captain_n and_o colony_n whereof_o many_o have_v be_v find_v and_o more_o as_o yet_o lie_v hide_v 7_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o this_o shire_n be_v carlisle_n pleasant_o seat_v betwixt_o the_o river_n eden_n petterell_n and_o caud_n by_o the_o roman_n call_v luguvallum_n by_o beda_n luell_n by_o ptolemy_n leucopibia_n by_o nurture_n caer-luâ—lid_a and_o by_o we_o carlisle_n this_o city_n flourish_v under_o the_o roman_n at_o their_o departure_n by_o the_o furious_a outrage_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n be_v deject_a yet_o in_o the_o day_n of_o egfrid_n king_n of_o northumberland_n be_v wall_v about_o but_o again_o deface_v by_o the_o overrunning_a dane_n lay_v bury_v in_o she_o own_o ash_n the_o space_n of_o two_o hundred_o year_n upon_o who_o ruin_n at_o length_n rufus_n set_v his_o compassionate_a eye_n and_o build_v there_o the_o castle_n plant_v a_o colony_n of_o fleming_n to_o secure_v the_o coast_n from_o the_o scot_n but_o upon_o better_a advisement_n remove_v they_o into_o wales_n after_o he_o henry_n his_o brother_n and_o successor_n ordain_v this_o city_n for_o a_o episcopal_a see_v who_o site_n be_v place_v in_o the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n from_o the_o first_o west_n part_n 17._o and_o 2._o scruple_n and_o the_o pole_n thence_o elevate_v from_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n 55._o and_o 56._o scruple_n 8_o west_n from_o hence_o at_o burgh_n upon_o the_o sand_n be_v the_o fatal_a end_n of_o our_o famous_a monarch_n king_n edward_n the_o first_o who_o there_o leave_v his_o war_n unfinished_a against_o scotland_n leave_v his_o trouble_n and_o soon_o miss_v life_n to_o his_o untimely_a and_o soon_o lament_v death_n 9_o and_o at_o salkeld_n upon_o the_o river_n eden_n a_o monument_n of_o seventie_o seven_o stone_n each_o of_o they_o ten_o foot_n high_a above_o ground_n and_o one_o of_o they_o at_o the_o entrance_n fifteen_o as_o a_o trophy_n of_o victory_n be_v erect_v these_o be_v by_o the_o by-dweller_n call_v long_a meg_n and_o her_o daughter_n northumberland_n chapter_n xlii_o the_o county_n of_o northumberland_n have_v on_o the_o south_n the_o bishopric_n of_o durham_n be_v shut_v in_o with_o the_o river_n derwent_n and_o with_o tyne_n the_o north_n be_v confine_v upon_o scotland_n the_o west_n upon_o part_n of_o scotland_n and_o part_n of_o cumberland_n the_o east-side_n lie_v altogether_o upon_o the_o sea_n call_v mare-germanicum_n 2_o the_o form_n thereof_o be_v triangle_n and_o differ_v not_o much_o in_o the_o siding_n for_o from_o her_o southeast_n unto_o the_o south-west-point_n be_v near_o unto_o 40._o mile_n from_o thence_o to_o 〈◊〉_d north-point_n be_v sixty_o mile_n and_o her_o base_a along_o the_o sea-shoare_n 45._o mile_n the_o whole_a in_o circumâ—â—â—â—_n be_v about_o one_o hundred_o forty_o five_o mile_n 3_o the_o air_n must_v needs_o be_v subtle_a and_o pierce_a for_o that_o the_o northern_o part_n be_v most_o expose_v to_o extremity_n of_o weather_n as_o great_a wind_n hard_a frost_n and_o long_o lie_v of_o snow_n etc._n etc._n yet_o will_v it_o be_v far_o more_o sharp_a than_o it_o be_v be_v not_o the_o german_a sea_n a_o ready_a mean_n to_o further_o the_o dissolution_n of_o her_o ice_n and_o snow_n and_o the_o plenty_n of_o coal_n there_o get_v a_o great_a help_n to_o comfort_v the_o body_n with_o warmth_n and_o defend_v the_o bitter_a coldness_n 4_o the_o soil_n can_v be_v rich_a have_v neither_o fertility_n of_o ground_n for_o corn_n or_o cattle_n the_o most_o part_n of_o it_o be_v rough_a and_o in_o every_o place_n hard_a to_o be_v manure_v save_v only_o towards_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o river_n tyne_n where_o by_o the_o great_a diligence_n and_o industrious_a pain_n of_o good_a husbandry_n that_o part_n be_v become_v very_o fruitful_a 5_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n mention_v by_o ptolemie_n be_v call_v ottalini_n ottadeni_n and_o ottadini_n which_o by_o a_o easy_a alteration_n as_o m._n cambden_n say_v if_o it_o have_v even_o call_v ottatini_n signify_v about_o the_o river_n tyne_n or_o on_o the_o further_a side_n of_o tyne_n 〈…〉_z this_o people_n be_v plant_v there_o will_v have_v be_v much_o consonance_n both_o with_o the_o name_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o position_n and_o site_n of_o the_o province_n 6_o the_o chief_a commodity_n that_o enrich_v this_o county_n be_v those_o stone_n linthancrace_n which_o we_o call_v sea-coal_n whereof_o there_o be_v such_o plenty_n and_o abundance_n dig_v up_o as_o they_o do_v not_o only_o return_v a_o great_a gain_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o procure_v also_o much_o pleasure_n and_o profit_n to_o other_o 7_o no_o place_n of_o this_o province_n vent_v forth_o so_o many_o of_o these_o sea-coal_n into_o other_o region_n as_o newcastle_n do_v be_v the_o very_a eye_n of_o all_o the_o town_n in_o this_o county_n for_o it_o do_v not_o only_o minister_v relief_n
by_o such_o provision_n to_o all_o other_o part_n of_o england_n but_o do_v also_o farnish_v the_o want_n of_o foreign_a country_n with_o her_o plenty_n by_o mean_n of_o this_o and_o the_o intercourse_n of_o traffic_n which_o it_o have_v the_o place_n be_v grow_v excee_v rich_a and_o populous_a before_o the_o conquest_n it_o be_v call_v monk-ch_a have_v be_v 〈…〉_z in_o the_o possession_n of_o monk_n and_o chester_n be_v add_v which_o signify_v a_o bulwark_n or_o place_n of_o defence_n show_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n it_o have_v be_v a_o place_n of_o fortification_n 8_o after_o the_o conquest_n it_o get_v the_o name_n of_o newcastle_n by_o the_o new_a castle_n which_o robert_n the_o son_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n build_v there_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n what_o it_o be_v call_v in_o old_a time_n be_v not_o know_v yet_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o may_v be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v gatrosentum_n for_o that_o gateshead_n the_o suburb_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o same_o express_v in_o the_o own_o proper_a signification_n that_o british_a name_n gatrosentum_n it_o be_v now_o most_o ennoble_v both_o by_o the_o haven_n which_o tyne_n make_v of_o that_o notable_a depth_n that_o it_o bear_v very_o tall_a ship_n and_o be_v able_a to_o defend_v they_o against_o storm_n and_o tempest_n as_o also_o by_o many_o favour_n and_o honour_n wherewith_o it_o have_v be_v dignify_v by_o pace_n for_o richard_n the_o second_o grant_v that_o a_o sword_n shall_v be_v carry_v before_o the_o mayor_n and_o henry_n the_o six_o make_v it_o a_o county_n consist_v of_o a_o corporation_n within_o itself_o it_o be_v adorn_v with_o four_o church_n and_o fortify_v with_o strong_a wall_n that_o have_v eight_o gate_n it_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o first_o west_n line_n 21_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n and_o from_o the_o equinoctial_a live_v towards_o the_o north-pole_n thirtiefoure_a degree_n and_o fiftie-seaven_a minute_n 9_o the_o utmost_a town_n in_o england_n and_o the_o strong_a hold_n in_o all_o britain_n be_v berwick_n from_o whence_o it_o have_v the_o name_n be_v not_o certain_o make_v know_v some_o fetch_v it_o from_o berengarius_fw-la a_o duke_n never_o read_v of_o howsoever_o this_o be_v better_a to_o be_v say_v then_o trust_v and_o whence_o soever_o it_o have_v the_o name_n it_o be_v seat_v between_o two_o mighty_a kingdom_n shoot_v far_o into_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o which_o and_o the_o river_n tweed_n it_o be_v almost_o encompass_v and_o whensoever_o any_o discord_n fall_v between_o the_o two_o nation_n this_o place_n be_v the_o first_o thing_n they_o take_v care_n of_o it_o have_v endure_v the_o brunt_n of_o diverse_a inroad_n and_o incursion_n and_o be_v oftentimes_o both_o possess_v and_o repossess_v of_o the_o scot_n and_o english_a but_o since_o it_o be_v reduce_v under_o the_o command_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o our_o king_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n so_o strengthen_v it_o with_o new_a work_n and_o fortification_n as_o they_o cut_v off_o all_o hope_n of_o win_v it_o the_o governor_n of_o this_o town_n be_v also_o warden_n of_o the_o east_n march_v against_o scotland_o the_o longitude_n of_o it_o according_a to_o mathematical_a observation_n be_v 21._o degree_n and_o 43._o minute_n the_o latitude_n 55._o degree_n and_o 48._o minute_n 10_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o county_n be_v a_o warlike_a people_n and_o excellent_a light_a horseman_n and_o be_v make_v fierce_a and_o hard_o by_o the_o several_a encounter_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o not_o much_o unlike_o they_o in_o neither_o betwixt_o who_o in_o this_o county_n many_o battle_n have_v be_v fight_v and_o the_o success_n oftentimes_o wave_v through_o very_o doubtful_o the_o victory_n sometime_o fall_v to_o the_o scot_n sometime_o to_o the_o english_a at_o otterburne_n be_v one_o in_o which_o three_o or_o four_o time_n it_o stand_v doubtful_o indifferent_a till_o in_o the_o end_n the_o scot_n get_v the_o upper_a hand_n of_o the_o english_a howbeit_o their_o glory_n be_v not_o make_v so_o illustrious_a by_o this_o conquest_n but_o that_o it_o be_v as_o much_o darken_v by_o the_o foil_n they_o receive_v at_o aâ—wicke_n where_o william_n king_n of_o scot_n be_v take_v and_o present_v prisoner_n to_o henry_n the_o second_o as_o also_o by_o that_o battle_n at_o brumridge_n where_o king_n athelstan_n fight_v a_o pitch_a field_n against_o anlafe_a the_o dane_n constantine_n king_n of_o scot_n and_o eugenius_n king_n of_o cumberland_n and_o that_o with_o such_o fortunate_a success_n as_o it_o have_v leave_v matter_n sufficient_a to_o fill_v the_o pen_n of_o historian_n flodden_n field_n also_o memorable_a in_o the_o death_n of_o james_n the_o four_o king_n of_o scot_n who_o be_v there_o slay_v and_o his_o army_n overthrow_v in_o a_o sharp_a fight_n as_o he_o display_v his_o banner_n in_o great_a hope_n against_o england_n when_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o lay_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o turnay_n in_o france_n 11_o other_o battle_n in_o this_o county_n have_v be_v as_o that_o at_o hexam_n call_v by_o bede_n hangustald_v wherein_o john_n nevil_n marquesse_n montacute_n encounter_v the_o leader_n of_o the_o lancastrian_n faction_n with_o much_o courage_n and_o with_o great_a success_n put_v they_o to_o flight_n for_o which_o he_o be_v make_v earl_n of_o northumberland_n by_o edward_n the_o four_o as_o also_o that_o at_o dilston_n by_o bede_n call_v divelshurâ—e_v where_o oswald_n have_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n for_o his_o defence_n and_o armour_n slay_v cedwall_n the_o britain_n in_o a_o set_a battle_n himself_o straightway_n become_v a_o profess_a christian_a and_o cause_v his_o people_n to_o be_v instruct_v in_o christian_a religion_n 12_o many_o memorable_a antiquity_n be_v find_v in_o this_o country_n along_o the_o wall_n and_o in_o other_o place_n as_o piece_n of_o coin_n inscription_n break_a and_o unperfect_a altar_n etc._n etc._n the_o ruin_n of_o the_o wall_n yet_o to_o be_v see_v but_o none_o that_o deserve_v more_o to_o be_v remember_v then_o wall-towne_n by_o bede_n call_v ad_fw-la muruâ—_n for_o that_o segebert_n king_n of_o the_o eastsaxons_a be_v in_o it_o baptize_v in_o the_o christian_a faith_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o paulinus_n and_o halyston_n where_o the_o same_o paulinus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v baptize_v many_o thousand_o into_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o primitive_a church_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n 13_o busy-gap_n be_v a_o place_n infamous_a for_o rob_v and_o thieve_v and_o be_v therefore_o rather_o remember_v as_o a_o cautiatory_a note_n for_o such_o as_o have_v cause_n to_o travel_v that_o way_n then_o for_o any_o proper_a matter_n of_o worth_n it_o have_v that_o merit_v place_n with_o other_o part_n of_o this_o province_n other_o matter_n of_o observation_n be_v only_o these_o that_o north_n tyne_n run_v through_o the_o wall_n water_n two_o dale_n which_o breed_v notable_a light_a horseman_n and_o both_o of_o they_o have_v their_o hill_n hard_a by_o so_o boggy_a and_o stand_v with_o water_n on_o the_o top_n that_o no_o horseman_n be_v able_a to_o ride_v through_o they_o and_o yet_o which_o be_v wonderful_a there_o be_v many_o great_a heap_n of_o stone_n call_v law_n which_o the_o neighbour_a people_n be_v very_o persuade_v be_v cast_v up_o and_o lay_v together_o in_o old_a time_n in_o remembrance_n of_o some_o that_o be_v slay_v there_o there_o be_v also_o a_o martial_a kind_n of_o man_n which_o lie_v out_o up_o and_o down_o in_o little_a cottage_n call_v by_o they_o sheals_n and_o shealing_n from_o april_n to_o august_n in_o scatter_a fashion_n summer_v as_o they_o term_v it_o their_o cattle_n and_o these_o be_v such_o a_o sort_n of_o people_n as_o be_v the_o ancient_a nomades_n the_o last_o not_o least_o matter_n of_o note_n be_v this_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o morpeth_n set_v their_o own_o town_n on_o fire_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1215._o in_o the_o spite_n they_o bear_v to_o king_n john_n for_o that_o he_o and_o his_o rutar_n overranne_a these_o country_n man_n island_n chapter_n xliii_o the_o i_o will_v of_o man_n be_v term_v by_o ptolemy_n mâ—neda_n by_o pliny_n menavia_n by_o orosius_n menania_n by_o beda_n menania_n secunda_fw-la and_o by_o gyldas_n 〈◊〉_d and_o mâ—naw_v the_o britain_n name_v it_o menâ—w_o the_o inhabitant_n maâ—â—ge_n and_o we_o englishman_n the_o i_o will_v of_o man_n it_o bound_v northward_o upon_o scotland_n southward_o upon_o the_o i_o will_v of_o anglesey_n eastward_o upon_o part_n of_o 〈◊〉_d shire_n and_o westward_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o ireland_n 2_o the_o form_n be_v long_o and_o narrow_a for_o from_o 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o mull-hil_n where_o it_o be_v long_a it_o only_o stretch_v itself_o to_o twenty_o nine_o mile_n but_o from_o the_o wide_a part_n which_o be_v from_o peele-castle_n to_o douglas-point_n be_v scarce_o nine_o the_o whole_a compass_n about_o
south_n and_o the_o west_n part_n do_v shorten_v point-wise_a into_o caerdigan-shire_n 2_o the_o form_n thereof_o be_v in_o proportion_n triangle_n every_o side_n almost_o contain_v a_o like_a distance_n for_o from_o west_n to_o north_n be_v twenty_o mile_n from_o north_n to_o south_n twenty_o two_o mile_n and_o from_o south_n to_o west_n be_v twenty_o four_o mile_n the_o whole_a in_o circumference_n extend_v to_o fourscore_o and_o ten_o mile_n 3_o the_o air_n thereof_o be_v sharp_a and_o cold_a as_o most_o of_o wales_n be_v for_o that_o the_o snow_n lie_v and_o last_v long_o unmelted_a under_o those_o shadow_a high_a hill_n and_o over-hanging_a rock_n 4_o the_o soil_n be_v hungry_a though_o not_o barren_a and_o that_o in_o the_o east_n and_o south_n the_o best_a the_o other_o part_n be_v rough_a and_o churlish_a and_o hardly_o better_v by_o painful_a labour_n so_o that_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o north_n and_o west_n consist_v chief_o in_o the_o brood_n of_o cattle_n 5_o ancient_o this_o county_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o silures_n a_o 〈◊〉_d people_n and_o great_a withstander_n of_o the_o roman_n imposition_n who_o have_v not_o only_o they_o to_o fight_v against_o 〈◊〉_d withal_o the_o unaccessible_a mountain_n wherewith_o this_o shire_n be_v so_o overpressed_a and_o burden_v 〈◊〉_d many_o time_n i_o fear_v to_o look_v down_o from_o the_o hang_a rock_n whereunder_o i_o pass_v into_o those_o deeps_n and_o dark_a dale_n seem_v to_o i_o a_o entrance_n into_o limbo_n among_o these_o as_o say_v our_o historian_n that_o hateful_a prince_n to_o god_n and_o man_n vortiger_n his_o country_n scourge_n and_o last_o monarch_n of_o the_o british_a blood_n by_o fire_n from_o heaven_n be_v consume_v with_o his_o incestuous_a wife_n for_o who_o 〈◊〉_d name_v the_o country_n where_o 〈◊〉_d castle_n stand_v guartiger-maur_n of_o who_o rubbish_n the_o castle_n guthremion_n be_v raise_v as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n yet_o they_o of_o north-wales_n will_v have_v his_o destruction_n and_o castel_n to_o stand_v in_o their_o part_n â—eere_o unto_o beth-kelleck_a whereof_o we_o will_v further_o speak_v in_o the_o relation_n of_o his_o life_n fatal_a be_v this_o place_n also_o to_o llewellin_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o the_o british_a race_n who_o be_v betray_v by_o the_o man_n of_o duelth_n flee_v into_o those_o vast_a mountain_n of_o radnor_n where_o by_o adam_n francton_n he_o be_v slay_v and_o his_o head_n crown_v with_o juy_n set_v upon_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n place_n most_o worthy_a of_o note_n in_o this_o shire_n be_v as_o ensue_v the_o first_o be_v radnor_n from_o who_o the_o county_n receive_v her_o name_n ancient_o magi_n where_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o pacensian_a regiment_n lie_v and_o think_v to_o be_v the_o magnos_fw-la in_o antonine_n the_o emperor_n survey_v this_o town_n be_v pleasant_o seat_v under_o a_o hill_n whereon_o stand_v mount_v a_o large_a &_o strong_a castle_n from_o who_o bulwark_n a_o trench_n be_v draw_v along_o the_o west_n of_o the_o town_n whereon_o a_o wall_n of_o stone_n be_v once_o raise_v as_o by_o the_o remain_v in_o many_o place_n appear_v this_o trench_n do_v likewise_o inverge_n her_o west_n side_n so_o far_o as_o the_o river_n but_o after_o be_v no_o more_o see_v who_o graduation_n be_v observe_v to_o have_v the_o pole_n elevate_v for_o latitude_n 52._o degree_n and_o 45_o minute_n and_o for_o longitude_n from_o the_o first_o point_n of_o the_o west_n set_v by_o mercator_n 17._o degree_n and_o one_o minute_n presiayn_v for_o beauteous_a building_n be_v the_o best_a in_o this_o shire_n a_o town_n of_o commerce_n wonderful_o frequent_v and_o that_o very_o late_o next_o be_v knighton_n a_o market-town_n likewise_o under_o which_o be_v see_v the_o clawdh-offa_n or_o 〈…〉_z who_o tract_n for_o a_o spaâ—e_n i_o 〈…〉_z along_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o be_v a_o bind_v 〈…〉_z the_o welsh_a from_o the_o english_a by_o the_o mercian_n king_n offa_n and_o by_o egbert_n the_o monarch_n a_o law_n 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o instigation_n of_o his_o wife_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v present_a death_n for_o the_o welsh_a to_o pass_v over_o the_o same_o as_o john_n beaver_n the_o monk_n of_o westminster_n report_v and_o the_o like_a under_o harald_n as_o joha_n of_o salisbury_n write_v wherein_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o what_o welshman_n soever_o shall_v be_v find_v with_o any_o weapon_n on_o this_o side_n of_o that_o limit_v which_o be_v offaes_n ditch_n shall_v have_v his_o right_a hand_n cut_v off_o by_o the_o king_n officer_n the_o four_o place_n for_o account_n be_v raihader_n gowy_n who_o beside_o the_o great_a fall_n of_o wye_n with_o a_o continual_a noise_n have_v her_o market_n there_o keep_v upon_o the_o sabbath_n which_o i_o there_o observe_v and_o here_o note_n for_o a_o offence_n 7_o many_o river_n arise_v and_o run_v through_o this_o shire_n which_o be_v it_o not_o that_o the_o hill_n so_o cluster_v together_o may_v make_v the_o soil_n both_o fertile_a and_o fat_a such_o be_v teme_a lugier_n ithon_n clowdok_n dulas_n comarton_n somegill_n guithel_n arro_n machaway_n edway_n hawye_n eland_n clarwen_n and_o wye_n beside_o other_o lough_n that_o stand_v betwixt_o the_o hill_n this_o shire_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o hundred_o wherein_o be_v seat_v three_o forest_n four_o market-town_n six_o castle_n and_o fifty_o two_o parish-chrches_a breknock-shire_n chapter_n four_o breknock-shire_n in_o the_o british_a language_n brechineau_n so_o call_v as_o the_o welshman_n relate_v of_o a_o prince_n name_v brechanius_n the_o father_n of_o a_o holy_a offspring_n who_o twenty_o four_o daughter_n be_v all_o of_o they_o saint_n be_v a_o county_n neither_o very_o large_a not_o great_o to_o be_v praise_v or_o dislike_v of_o who_o bound_n upon_o the_o north_n be_v part_v from_o radnor_n with_o the_o river_n clarwen_n and_o wye_n the_o west_n lie_v butt_v upon_o by_o cardigan_n and_o caermarden-shire_n the_o south_n be_v confine_v by_o glamorgan_n and_o the_o east_n with_o monmouth_n and_o radnor-shire_n be_v whole_o bind_v 2_o the_o length_n of_o this_o shire_n from_o north_n to_o south_n betwixt_o llanuthâ—_n and_o istradgunies_n be_v twenty_o eight_o english_a mile_n and_o her_o breadth_n from_o east_n to_o west_n extend_v betwixt_o fentrisso_n and_o eâ—ywell_n be_v twenty_o mile_n the_o whole_a in_o circumference_n about_o one_o hundred_o and_o two_o mile_n this_o county_n be_v full_a of_o hill_n and_o uneven_a for_o travel_v which_o on_o the_o south_n part_n mount_n in_o such_o height_n that_o as_o giraldus_n have_v write_v they_o make_v the_o air_n much_o cold_a and_o defend_v the_o country_n from_o the_o excessive_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n whereby_o acertaine_a natural_a whole_a 〈◊〉_d of_o air_n make_v it_o most_o temperate_a and_o on_o the_o east_n side_n the_o mountain_n of_o edgar_n and_o ewias_n do_v as_o â—_o be_v fore-fence_n the_o same_o among_o which_o there_o arise_v and_o run_v so_o many_o fruit_n spring_v that_o their_o valley_n be_v thereby_o make_v most_o fertile_a yield_v in_o plenty_n both_o corn_n and_o grass_n 4_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n and_o possessor_n of_o this_o shire_n with_o the_o rest_n in_o this_o south_n tract_n be_v the_o silures_n much_o speak_v of_o and_o grâ—at_a opposite_n to_o the_o roman_n who_o country_n be_v first_o make_v subject_n by_o julius_n froutinus_n who_o besides_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o enemy_n have_v to_o struggle_v with_o the_o mountain_n and_o strait_o as_o tacitus_n tell_v we_o neither_o any_o more_o hard_a we_o may_v well_o say_v then_o they_o of_o this_o shire_n whereof_o one_o in_o the_o south_n and_o three_o mile_n from_o breknock_n be_v of_o such_o height_n and_o operation_n as_o be_v uncredible_a and_o be_v it_o not_o that_o i_o have_v witness_n to_o affirm_v what_o i_o shall_v speak_v i_o shall_v blush_v to_o let_v the_o report_n thereof_o pass_v from_o my_o pen_n in_o my_o perambulation_n in_o these_o part_n remain_v in_o breknock_n to_o observe_v the_o site_n of_o that_o town_n the_o alderman_n or_o chief_a senior_n thereof_o regard_v my_o pain_n with_o friendly_a and_o courteous_a entertainment_n at_o my_o departure_n no_o less_o than_o eight_o of_o they_o that_o have_v be_v bailiff_n of_o the_o town_n come_v to_o visit_v i_o where_o they_o report_v upon_o their_o credit_n and_o trial_n that_o from_o the_o top_n of_o that_o hill_n in_o the_o welsh_a call_v mounch-denny_a or_o cady_a arthur_n they_o have_v oftentimes_o cast_v from_o they_o and_o down_o the_o north-east_n rock_n their_o cloak_n hat_n and_o staff_n which_o notwithstanding_o will_v never_o fall_v but_o be_v with_o the_o air_n and_o wind_n still_o return_v back_o and_o blow_v up_o neither_o say_v they_o will_v any_o thing_n descend_v from_o that_o cliff_n be_v so_o cast_v unless_o it_o be_v stone_n or_o some_o metalline_a substance_n affirm_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v the_o cloud_n
the_o long_a against_o the_o roman_n and_o their_o neck_n not_o bring_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o bondage_n before_o the_o day_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o since_o when_o they_o have_v attempt_v to_o east_n off_o their_o subjection_n to_o the_o english_a upon_o who_o stir_n raise_v by_o owin_n glendover_v who_o have_v be_v a_o favourite_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o and_o discontent_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o four_o in_o a_o quarrel_n with_o the_o lord_n grey_n of_o ruthin_n that_o intrude_v upon_o his_o domain_n quarrel_v with_o the_o king_n and_o enter_v into_o open_a rebellion_n and_o confederacy_n with_o all_o other_o his_o rebel_n draw_v the_o welsh-man_n whole_o to_o his_o side_n in_o hope_n to_o have_v have_v prince_n restore_v of_o their_o own_o blood_n and_o he_o maintain_v the_o same_o with_o wonderful_a pride_n policy_n and_o obstinacy_n for_o a_o long_a time_n until_o his_o confederates_n follower_n and_o favorate_n and_o his_o own_o courage_n credit_n and_o maintenance_n be_v bring_v so_o low_a by_o that_o powerful_a king_n that_o in_o the_o end_n he_o perish_v for_o very_a want_n of_o food_n 5_o their_o town_n be_v not_o many_o neither_o those_o that_o they_o have_v of_o any_o stately_a building_n whereof_o bala_n â—olgethe_o and_o harlech_n be_v the_o markeâ—â—_n 〈…〉_z in_o the_o north-east_n of_o this_o county_n in_o the_o welsh_a 〈◊〉_d in_o english_a piâ—â—â—le-meane_a a_o great_a pool_n of_o water_n do_v drown_v at_o least_o eight_o score_n acre_n of_o ground_n who_o 〈…〉_z the_o high_a land_n flood_n though_o never_o so_o great_a can_v 〈…〉_z big_a by_o their_o 〈…〉_z but_o if_o the_o 〈◊〉_d beâ—â—oubled_v with_o over_o great_a blast_n and_o tempest_n of_o wiâ—des_n she_o in_o as_o great_a a_o rage_n rise_v and_o pass_v her_o bank_n as_o if_o she_o will_v encounter_v that_o enemy_n in_o fight_n into_o the_o south_n whereof_o the_o two_o head_a dee_n with_o a_o pretty_a sharp_a stream_n enter_v and_o through_o the_o same_o glide_v without_o any_o mixture_n of_o the_o same_o water_n as_o the_o inhabitant_n believe_v more_o strong_o conceit_v in_o their_o opinion_n for_o that_o the_o salmon_n usual_o take_v in_o dee_n be_v never_o find_v in_o that_o pool_n and_o the_o fish_n call_v guimad_a breed_v in_o that_o meart_n never_o be_v see_v in_o the_o river_n dee_n south_n thence_o near_o dolgelhr_n in_o a_o low_a hill_n a_o great_a rampire_n of_o stone_n and_o compass_n be_v see_v and_o have_v be_v some_o fortification_n or_o defence_n in_o war_n which_o whilst_o we_o be_v curious_a to_o find_v out_o some_o instruction_n thereof_o by_o report_n this_o only_a we_o learn_v that_o it_o be_v call_v caddoryrita_n dren_n according_a to_o the_o name_n of_o her_o neighbour_n and_o far_o high_a hill_n 6_o upon_o the_o west_n and_o seashore_n of_o this_o shire_n harlech_n a_o market_n and_o major_a town_n stand_v bleak_a enough_o and_o barren_a but_o only_o for_o fowl_n and_o fish_n house_n not_o many_o neither_o curious_o build_v wherein_o stand_v a_o little_a chapel_n decay_v and_o without_o use_n in_o which_o lie_v bury_v sir_n richard_n thimblebye_n a_o english_a knight_n who_o for_o the_o delight_n he_o take_v in_o that_o game_n remove_v his_o abode_n from_o a_o far_o better_a soil_n here_o also_o stand_v a_o most_o strong_a and_o beautiful_a castle_n mount_v upon_o a_o hill_n and_o with_o a_o double_a bulwark_n wall_v about_o command_v the_o sea_n and_o passage_n of_o entrance_n of_o such_o as_o seek_v to_o invade_v the_o ghost_n and_o sure_o a_o great_a pity_n it_o be_v to_o see_v so_o fair_a a_o work_n fall_v to_o decay_v the_o constable_n whereof_o by_o patent_n be_v ever_o the_o major_a of_o this_o town_n near_o unto_o which_o be_v two_o great_a inlet_n of_o sea_n which_o at_o low_a water_n may_v be_v pass_v upon_o the_o sand_n with_o guide_n upon_o who_o shore_n as_o upon_o the_o seacoast_n in_o this_o county_n abundance_n of_o herring_n be_v catch_v for_o which_o cause_n they_o be_v much_o frequent_v in_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n by_o many_o people_n from_o diverse_a country_n denbighshire_n chapter_n xi_o denbighshire_n call_v in_o welsh_a sire_n denbigh_n retire_v more_o from_o the_o sea_n within_o the_o country_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o river_n conwey_n shoot_v eastward_o in_o one_o place_n as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi on_o the_o north_n first_o the_o sea_n for_o a_o small_a space_n and_o then_o plint-shire_n encompass_v it_o on_o the_o west_n caernaruon_n and_o merioneth-shire_n on_o the_o east_n cheshire_n and_o shrop-shire_n and_o on_o the_o south_n mountgomeryshire_n 2_o the_o form_n thereof_o be_v long_o grow_v wide_o still_o towards_o the_o northwest_n and_o narrow_a towards_o the_o east_n it_o be_v in_o length_n from_o east_n to_o west_n one_o and_o thirty_o mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n from_o north_n to_o south_n seventeen_o mile_n in_o the_o whole_a circuit_n and_o circumference_n one_o hundred_o and_o fourteen_o mile_n 3_o the_o air_n be_v very_o wholesome_a and_o pleasant_a yet_o bleak_a enough_o as_o expose_v to_o the_o wind_n on_o all_o side_n and_o the_o high_a hill_n wherewith_o it_o be_v in_o many_o place_n enuiton_v long_o retain_v the_o congeal_a snow_n the_o top_n whereof_o in_o the_o summer_n time_n be_v the_o haruest-mens_n almanac_n by_o the_o rise_n of_o certain_a vapour_n thereon_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o foreshow_v a_o fair_a day_n ensue_v 4_o the_o soil_n be_v but_o barren_a towards_o the_o west_n part_n yet_o the_o middle_n where_o it_o lie_v flat_a in_o a_o valley_n be_v most_o fertile_a the_o east_n side_n when_o it_o be_v once_o past_o the_o valley_n find_v nature_n to_o be_v a_o very_a spare_a niggard_n of_o her_o savour_n but_o next_o unto_o dee_n it_o feel_v a_o more_o liberal_a extent_n of_o her_o blessing_n the_o west_n part_n be_v but_o here_o and_o there_o inhabit_v and_o mount_v up_o more_o than_o the_o other_o with_o bare_a and_o hungry_a hill_n yet_o the_o leanesse_n of_o the_o soil_n where_o the_o hill_n settle_v any_o thing_n flat_v have_v be_v now_o a_o good_a while_n begin_v to_o be_v overcome_v by_o the_o diligent_a pain_n and_o careful_a industry_n of_o the_o husbandman_n for_o they_o pare_n away_o the_o upper_a coat_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o certain_a turf_n with_o a_o broad_a kind_n of_o spade_n pile_v they_o up_o artificial_o on_o heap_n and_o fire_n they_o so_o as_o be_v turn_v into_o ash_n and_o throw_v upon_o the_o ground_n so_o pare_v they_o fructify_v the_o hungry_a barrenness_n and_o sterility_n of_o soil_n and_o make_v the_o field_n bring_v forth_o a_o kind_n of_o rye_n or_o anull-corne_n in_o such_o plenty_n as_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v believe_v 5_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o ordovice_n who_o be_v also_o name_v ordeâ—ices_n or_o ordoâ—icae_n a_o puissant_a and_o courageous_a people_n by_o reason_n they_o keep_v whole_o in_o a_o mountainous_a place_n and_o take_v heart_n even_o of_o the_o soil_n itself_o for_o they_o continue_v long_a free_v from_o the_o yoke_n both_o of_o roman_a and_o also_o of_o english_a dominion_n they_o be_v not_o subdue_v by_o the_o roman_n before_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n domitian_n for_o then_o julius_n agricola_n conquer_v almost_o the_o whole_a nation_n nor_o bring_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o english_a before_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o but_o live_v a_o long_a time_n in_o a_o lawless_a kind_n of_o liberty_n as_o bear_v themselves_o bold_a upon_o their_o own_o magnanimity_n and_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o country_n 6_o the_o mountain_n of_o this_o county_n yield_v sufficiency_n of_o neat_n sheep_n and_o goat_n the_o valley_n in_o most_o place_n be_v very_o plenteous_a of_o corn_n especial_o eastward_o on_o this_o side_n betwixt_o the_o river_n of_o alen_n and_o dee_n but_o the_o more_o westerly_a part_n be_v heathy_a and_o altogether_o barren_a the_o heart_n of_o the_o shire_n show_v itself_o beneath_o the_o hill_n in_o a_o beautiful_a and_o pleasant_a vale_n reach_v seventeen_o mile_n in_o length_n from_o south_n to_o north_n and_o five_o mile_n or_o thereabouts_o in_o breadth_n and_o lie_v open_a only_o towards_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v environ_v on_o every_o side_n with_o high_a hill_n among_o which_o the_o high_a be_v moâ—llenlly_n on_o the_o top_n whereof_o be_v a_o warlike_a fence_n with_o trench_n and_o rampire_n and_o a_o little_a fountain_n of_o clear_a water_n from_o these_o hill_n the_o river_n cluyd_v resort_n unto_o this_o vale_n and_o from_o the_o very_a springhead_n increase_v with_o beck_n and_o brook_n do_v part_v it_o in_o twain_o run_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o whereof_o in_o ancient_a time_n it_o be_v name_v strat_n cluyd_v for_o mariamâ—s_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o king_n of_o the_o strat_n cluyd_v of_o
but_o send_v out_o great_a provision_n thereof_o to_o other_o to_o supply_v their_o defect_n and_o although_o the_o ground_n may_v seem_v dry_a and_o stony_a or_o unpleasant_a and_o nothing_o sightly_o wherein_o for_o the_o outward_a quality_n it_o resemble_v some_o other_o part_n of_o wales_n that_o be_v not_o so_o fruitful_a yet_o for_o the_o inward_a bounty_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v far_o unlike_a for_o above_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o wales_n it_o be_v most_o plentiful_a of_o wheat_n insomuch_o as_o by_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la report_n they_o be_v wont_n to_o say_v in_o welsh_a by_o way_n of_o a_o proverb_n mon_fw-fr mam_n combry_n which_o be_v to_o say_v mon_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o wales_n for_o that_o when_o other_o country_n harvest_n fail_v round_o about_o or_o their_o provision_n be_v exhaust_v and_o draw_v dry_a this_o alone_a like_o a_o provident_a and_o full-brested_n mother_n be_v able_a to_o sustain_v the_o rest_n whereunto_o nature_n most_o provident_o have_v add_v another_o benefit_n serviceable_a and_o necessary_a to_o the_o former_a in_o that_o the_o country_n produce_v also_o those_o kind_n of_o stone_n which_o be_v call_v molâ—res_n be_v of_o all_o other_o fit_a to_o make_v millstone_n or_o grindstone_n in_o some_o place_n also_o it_o yield_v a_o earth_n of_o aluminous_a quality_n out_o of_o which_o some_o not_o long_o since_o begin_v to_o make_v alom_n and_o coperose_n who_o like_o unflesht_v soldier_n give_v over_o their_o enterprise_n without_o further_a hope_n because_o at_o first_o they_o see_v it_o not_o answer_v their_o overhasty_a expectation_n 5_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o ordâ—â—ices_n mention_v before_o in_o the_o precedent_a province_n of_o denbighshire_n flintshire_n and_o carnaruonshire_n and_o this_o very_a island_n be_v that_o ancient_a and_o so_o much_o ennoble_v seat_n of_o the_o british_a druid_n who_o so_o amate_v the_o army_n of_o roman_a invader_n as_o tacitus_n report_v and_o as_o elsewhere_o we_o have_v relate_v in_o the_o six_o book_n and_o seven_o chapter_n of_o our_o ensue_a history_n 6_o this_o nation_n be_v attempt_v first_o by_o paâ—linus_n suetonius_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o nero_n but_o bring_v under_o the_o roman_a empire_n by_o julius_n agricola_n when_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o britain_n begin_v to_o decline_v and_o go_v downward_o some_o out_o of_o ireland_n enter_v into_o this_o isle_n by_o stealth_n and_o nestle_v themselves_o there_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v by_o certain_a mount_n of_o earth_n entrench_v about_o and_o yet_o to_o be_v see_v which_o they_o call_v the_o irish_a man_n cottage_n as_o also_o by_o a_o place_n name_v of_o the_o irishman_n yn_v hieriey_n gwidid_fw-la who_o do_v there_o as_o be_v record_v put_v the_o britain_n to_o flight_n under_o the_o lead_n of_o sinigus_n the_o norwegian_n also_o be_v often_o infestuous_a to_o this_o island_n but_o king_n ethelreds_n fleet_n have_v in_o the_o year_n 1000_o scour_v the_o sea_n round_o about_o this_o isle_n far_o exceed_v all_o both_o irish_a and_o norwegian_a depopulation_n for_o they_o waste_v the_o country_n in_o all_o hostile_a manner_n 7_o after_o this_o two_o hugh_n both_o norman_n do_v great_o afflict_v this_o island_n the_o one_o be_v earl_n of_o chester_n the_o other_o of_o shrewsbury_n at_o which_o very_a time_n magnus_n the_o norwegian_a arrive_v there_o shot_n hugh_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n through_o with_o a_o arrow_n and_o depart_v after_o he_o have_v ransack_v the_o island_n it_o be_v afterward_o grievous_o infest_a by_o the_o englishman_n who_o never_o give_v over_o from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o invade_v it_o until_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o it_o be_v whole_o bring_v under_o his_o subjection_n 8_o the_o principal_a town_n in_o this_o isle_n be_v beaumarish_n which_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n the_o first_o build_v in_o the_o east_n side_n thereof_o and_o for_o the_o fair_a situation_n though_o in_o a_o morish_a place_n give_v it_o the_o name_n which_o it_o now_o bear_v whereas_o in_o time_n past_o it_o be_v call_v bonover_n which_o he_o also_o fortify_v with_o a_o goodly_a castle_n 9_o the_o mayor_n be_v the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o the_o towno_n who_o be_v yearly_a choose_v and_o have_v the_o assistance_n and_o help_n of_o two_o bailiff_n two_o sergeant_n at_o mace_n and_o one_o town-clerk_n by_o who_o careful_a diligence_n the_o affair_n of_o this_o town_n be_v orderly_o manage_v and_o command_v who_o latitude_n be_v 54._o and_o longitude_n 15._o 45._o minute_n 10_o not_o far_o from_o hence_o be_v lhaanuais_n in_o time_n past_o a_o fair_a religious_a house_n of_o the_o friar_n minor_n which_o although_o it_o be_v now_o in_o a_o manner_n race_v out_o of_o memory_n yet_o antiquity_n make_v mention_v that_o it_o have_v be_v of_o great_a regard_n among_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o have_v show_v themselves_o very_o bountiful_a patron_n unto_o that_o covent_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sanctimonious_a life_n of_o such_o as_o converse_v there_o as_o also_o because_o there_o the_o body_n of_o very_o eminent_a person_n as_o the_o daughter_n of_o king_n john_n the_o son_n of_o a_o king_n of_o the_o dane_n as_o likewise_o of_o many_o great_a lord_n knight_n and_o squire_n be_v inter_v that_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o welsh_a in_o the_o time_n of_o many_o illustrious_a king_n of_o england_n 11_o this_o isle_n be_v reckon_v to_o have_v have_v ancient_o many_o village_n in_o it_o even_o to_o the_o number_n of_o three_o hundred_o threescore_o and_o three_o and_o the_o same_o even_o at_o this_o day_n be_v very_o well_o people_v the_o division_n of_o this_o i_o will_v for_o disposition_n of_o affair_n that_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o croâ—â—â—_n or_o to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o country_n be_v into_o six_o hundred_o in_o which_o be_v seat_v two_o market-town_n and_o seventie_o four_o parish-church_n for_o god_n divine_a honour_n and_o worship_n caernarvonshire_n chapter_n xiiii_o caernarvonshire_n in_o welsh_a sire_n caer-ar-von_a so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v just_a over_o against_o anglesey_n which_o the_o britain_n call_n mon_n and_o in_o composition_n be_v term_v also_o snowden-forrest_n before_o wales_n be_v lay_v into_o shire_n the_o north-side_n whereof_o and_o the_o west_n but_v upon_o the_o irish_a sea_n the_o southside_n be_v enclose_v with_o merion_n and_o the_o east_n with_o denbighshire_n from_o which_o it_o be_v sever_v by_o the_o river_n conwey_n 2_o the_o form_n thereof_o be_v much_o like_o a_o wedge_n long_o and_o narrow_a towards_o the_o south_n and_o grow_v still_o wide_o towards_o the_o north_n so_o that_o from_o penenkel-point_n southward_o to_o orms-head-point_n northward_o be_v forty_o mile_n from_o the_o river_n conwey_n eastward_o to_o the_o river_n llenoy_n westward_o mile_n twenty_o and_o the_o whole_a circumference_n one_o hundred_o and_o ten_o mile_n 3_o the_o air_n be_v sharp_a and_o pierce_a by_o reason_n that_o the_o country_n have_v not_o natural_a provision_n to_o ensconce_v herself_o against_o the_o extremity_n of_o wind_n and_o weather_n but_o especial_o as_o may_v be_v think_v through_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o snow_n on_o the_o hill_n which_o also_o exclude_v the_o sun_n aspect_n and_o warmth_n 4_o the_o soil_n can_v be_v much_o commend_v for_o the_o fertility_n except_o those_o part_n of_o the_o seacoast_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n towards_o ireland_n but_o for_o the_o heart_n of_o this_o shire_n it_o be_v altogether_o mountainous_a as_o if_o nature_n have_v a_o purpose_n here_o by_o rear_v up_o these_o craggy_a hill_n so_o thick_o together_o strong_o to_o compact_v the_o joint_n of_o this_o our_o island_n and_o to_o frame_v the_o inland_a part_n thereof_o for_o a_o fit_a place_n of_o refuge_n to_o the_o britain_n against_o those_o time_n of_o adversity_n which_o afterward_o do_v fall_v upon_o they_o for_o no_o army_n though_o never_o so_o strong_o or_o scarce_o any_o traveller_n though_o never_o so_o light_o appoint_v can_v find_v passage_n among_o those_o so_o many_o rough_a and_o hard_a rock_n so_o many_o vale_n and_o pool_n here_o and_o there_o cross_v all_o the_o way_n as_o ready_a obstacle_n to_o repel_v any_o inroad_n of_o foreign_a assailant_n these_o mountain_n may_v not_o unfit_o be_v term_v the_o british_a alps_n as_o be_v the_o most_o vast_a of_o all_o britain_n and_o for_o their_o steepnesse_n and_o cragginesse_n not_o unlike_a to_o those_o of_o italy_n all_o of_o they_o tower_v up_o into_o the_o air_n and_o round_o encompass_v one_o far_o high_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n peculiar_o call_v snowdon-hill_n though_o the_o other_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v by_o the_o welsh_a term_v cralg_n erâ—ry_o as_o much_o as_o snowy_a mountain_n take_v their_o name_n as_o do_v by_o pliny_n testimony_n niphates_n in_o armenia_n and_o
imaus_n in_o schithia_n for_o all_o the_o year_n long_o these_o lie_n mantel_v over_o with_o snow_n hard_o crust_v together_o though_o otherwise_o for_o their_o height_n they_o be_v open_a and_o liable_a both_o to_o the_o sun_n to_o dissolve_v they_o and_o the_o wind_n to_o over-sweepe_a they_o 5_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o ordovice_n of_o who_o we_o have_v sufficient_o speak_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o former_a province_n neither_o need_v i_o insist_v either_o upon_o the_o pleasure_n or_o profit_n that_o this_o country_n yield_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a affinity_n it_o have_v both_o of_o climate_n and_o commodity_n with_o denbighshire_n and_o flintshire_n before_o mention_v but_o this_o beyond_o the_o other_o in_o some_o place_n breed_v certain_a shelfish_n which_o be_v conceive_v by_o a_o heavenly_a dew_n bring_v forth_o pearl_n in_o ancient_a time_n 〈…〉_z of_o then_o now_o they_o be_v 6_o touch_v place_n of_o note_n that_o city_n be_v very_o ancient_a which_o the_o emperor_n antonine_n call_v segontium_n take_v name_n of_o a_o river_n run_v by_o which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v call_v seront_fw-fr some_o relic_n of_o the_o wall_n whereof_o do_v yet_o appear_v near_o unto_o a_o little_a church_n consecrate_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o saint_n publicius_n this_o city_n ninius_n call_v caer_n custenith_n which_o some_o interpret_v the_o city_n of_o constantine_n indeed_o matthew_n westminster_n say_v how_o true_a i_o know_v not_o that_o anno_fw-la 1283._o here_o be_v find_v the_o body_n of_o constantius_n father_n to_o great_a constantine_n which_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o cause_v to_o be_v sumptuous_o bestow_v in_o the_o church_n of_o the_o new_a city_n which_o he_o raise_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o old_a and_o be_v now_o call_v caâ—â—naruon_n which_o give_v name_n to_o this_o whole_a shire_n the_o town_n itself_o yield_v a_o most_o excellent_a prospect_n towards_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v encompass_v in_o a_o manner_n round_o with_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o castle_n so_o as_o we_o may_v say_v it_o be_v a_o city_n within_o a_o castle_n which_o take_v up_o the_o whole_a westside_n of_o it_o and_o great_a pity_n it_o be_v that_o so_o famous_a a_o work_n shall_v not_o be_v perpetuous_a or_o ever_o become_v the_o ruin_n of_o time_n which_o be_v much_o fear_v for_o the_o merciless_a undermine_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o with_o her_o daily_a and_o forcible_a eruption_n never_o cease_v to_o wash_v away_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o key_n the_o people_n of_o this_o town_n be_v well_o approve_v for_o courteâ—ie_n and_o also_o civil_a government_n which_o be_v administer_v by_o the_o constable_n of_o the_o castle_n who_o be_v ever_o mayor_n by_o patent_n have_v the_o assistance_n of_o one_o alderman_n two_o bailiff_n two_o sergeant_n at_o mace_n and_o one_o town-clerk_n the_o townsman_n do_v not_o a_o little_a glory_n that_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o be_v bear_v there_o in_o a_o tower_n of_o the_o castle_n call_v eagle-tower_n and_o surname_v of_o caernaruon_a he_o be_v the_o first_o prince_n of_o wales_n of_o the_o english_a line_n the_o site_n of_o this_o town_n according_a to_o mathematical_a observation_n be_v in_o the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n 15._o and_o 50._o scruple_n from_o the_o first_o west-point_n and_o the_o pole_n elevate_v in_o latitude_n 53._o and_o 50._o bangor_n the_o bishop_n see_v though_o it_o be_v now_o but_o a_o small_a town_n yet_o it_o be_v in_o time_n pass_v so_o large_a that_o for_o the_o greatness_n thereof_o it_o be_v call_v banchor_n vaur_n that_o be_v great_a banchor_n which_o hugh_n earl_n of_o chester_n fortify_v with_o a_o castle_n but_o it_o have_v be_v long_o since_o utter_o ruinate_v and_o lay_v level_a with_o the_o ground_n in_o so_o much_o as_o there_o be_v not_o any_o footing_n to_o be_v find_v or_o other_o monument_n leave_v thereof_o although_o they_o have_v be_v seek_v with_o all_o diligent_a enquiry_n this_o bishop_n see_v have_v within_o the_o diocese_n ninety_o six_o parish_n but_o the_o ancient_a church_n which_o be_v consecrate_v unto_o daniel_n sometime_o bishop_n thereof_o be_v deface_v and_o set_v on_o fire_n by_o that_o notorious_a rebel_n owen_n glendowerdwy_n who_o have_v a_o purpose_n also_o to_o destroy_v all_o the_o city_n of_o wales_n for_o that_o they_o stand_v for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o though_o the_o same_o church_n be_v since_o repair_v about_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o yet_o have_v it_o scarce_o recover_v the_o resemblance_n of_o her_o former_a dignity_n the_o river_n conwey_n which_o limit_v this_o shire_n on_o the_o east-side_n be_v in_o ptolemy_n by_o corruption_n or_o ignorance_n of_o transcriber_n call_v toisonius_n in_o stead_n of_o cononius_n whence_o canonium_n a_o town_n mention_v by_o antonine_n take_v name_n and_o albeit_o both_o it_o and_o its_o name_n be_v now_o utter_o extinct_a yet_o be_v there_o a_o covert_a remembrance_n thereof_o in_o the_o new_a name_n of_o a_o poor_a village_n stand_v among_o the_o rubbish_n thereof_o call_v caer-hean_a that_o be_v the_o ancient_a city_n out_o of_o the_o spoil_n whereof_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o build_v a_o new_a town_n at_o the_o river_n mouth_n term_v thereupon_o aberconwey_a that_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o conwey_n which_o be_v former_o fortify_v by_o hugh_n of_o chester_n and_o strong_o situate_a and_o fence_v both_o with_o wall_n &_o a_o fair_a castle_n by_o the_o river_n side_n deserve_v rather_o the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n then_o a_o town_n if_o it_o be_v more_o populous_a and_o traffic_v with_o inhabitant_n neither_o must_v i_o here_o forget_v newin_n though_o but_o a_o small_a market-town_n for_o that_o it_o please_v the_o english_a nobles_n anno_fw-la 1284_o to_o honour_n it_o and_o the_o memory_n of_o king_n arthur_n with_o triumphant_a celebrity_n after_o they_o have_v subdue_v the_o rebellious_a ringleader_n of_o wales_n 7_o other_o matter_n of_o memorable_a note_n this_o country_n afford_v not_o much_o unless_o perhaps_o this_o that_o just_a over_o against_o the_o river_n conwey_n where_o it_o iflu_v into_o the_o sea_n there_o sometime_o stand_v a_o ancient_a city_n name_v diganwey_n which_o many_o year_n ago_o be_v consume_v by_o lightning_n and_o so_o make_v utter_o desolate_a as_o many_o other_o monument_n have_v be_v of_o ancient_a and_o worthy_a memory_n as_o likewise_o that_o in_o the_o pool_n lin-peris_a there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o fish_n call_v there_o torcoâ—h_o have_v a_o red_a belly_n no_o where_o else_o see_v for_o touch_v these_o two_o other_o miracle_n famous_v by_o giraldus_n and_o geruasius_n that_o on_o those_o his_o high_a hill_n there_o be_v two_o pool_n call_v the_o mere_n the_o one_o of_o which_o produce_v great_a store_n of_o fish_n but_o all_o have_v only_o one_o eye_n and_o in_o the_o other_o there_o be_v a_o movable_a island_n which_o as_o soon_o as_o a_o man_n tread_v on_o it_o forthwith_o float_v a_o great_a way_n off_o whereby_o the_o welsh_a be_v say_v to_o have_v often_o escape_v and_o delude_v their_o enemy_n assail_a they_o these_o matter_n be_v out_o of_o my_o creed_n and_o yet_o i_o think_v the_o reader_n have_v rather_o believe_v they_o then_o to_o go_v to_o see_v whether_o it_o be_v so_o or_o no._n scotland_n general_n description_n chapter_n i._n scotland_n the_o second_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o island_n have_v on_o the_o east_n the_o german_a ocean_n on_o the_o north_n the_o orkneys_n and_o deucalidon_n sea_n the_o west_n affront_v with_o ireland_n and_o the_o south_n have_v the_o river_n tweed_n the_o cheviot_n hils_n and_o the_o adjacent_a tract_n reach_v to_o the_o sulway_o sand_n whereby_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o england_n 2_o this_o kingdom_n be_v fair_a and_o spacious_a and_o from_o these_o south-border_n spread_v itself_o wide_a into_o the_o east_n and_o west_n till_o again_o it_o contract_v itself_o narrow_a unto_o the_o northern_a promontory_n furnish_v with_o all_o thing_n befit_v a_o famous_a kingdom_n both_o for_o air_n and_o soil_n rivers_n wood_n mountain_n fish_n fowle_n and_o cattle_n and_o corn_n so_o plenteous_a that_o it_o supply_v therewith_o other_o country_n in_o their_o want_n the_o people_n thereof_o be_v of_o good_a feature_n strong_a of_o body_n and_o of_o courageous_a mind_n and_o in_o war_n so_o venturous_a that_o scarce_o any_o service_n of_o note_n have_v be_v perform_v but_o that_o they_o be_v with_o the_o first_o and_o last_o in_o the_o field_n their_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v very_o studious_a of_o learning_n and_o all_o civil_a knowledge_n for_o which_o end_n they_o not_o only_o frequent_v the_o three_o university_n of_o their_o own_o kingdom_n s._n andrew_n glasco_n and_o edenbrough_n the_o nursery_n of_o piety_n and_o mansion_n of_o the_o sacred_a muse_n but_o also_o much_o
of_o cattle_n and_o with_o mean_a husbandry_n and_o tillage_n yield_v plenty_n of_o corn_n as_o every_o particular_a part_n be_v thus_o several_o profitable_a by_o inbred_a commodity_n so_o be_v it_o no_o less_o commend_v in_o the_o generality_n for_o the_o many_o accommodate_v and_o fit_a bay_n creek_n and_o navigable_a river_n lie_v upon_o her_o seacoast_n that_o after_o a_o sort_n invite_v and_o provoke_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o navigation_n 5_o such_o as_o in_o ancient_a time_n make_v their_o abode_n and_o habitation_n in_o this_o province_n be_v the_o gangani_n who_o be_v also_o call_v concani_n auteri_n and_o nagnatae_n as_o the_o luceni_n that_o be_v next_o neighbour_n unto_o they_o come_v from_o the_o luceniji_n in_o spain_n so_o those_o gangam_n and_o coneani_fw-la may_v seem_v also_o to_o have_v fetch_v their_o derivation_n from_o the_o concan_n nation_n of_o the_o selfsame_o country_n both_o by_o the_o affinity_n of_o name_n and_o vicinity_n of_o place_n in_o strabo_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o read_v the_o same_o people_n be_v name_v coniaci_n and_o conisci_n and_o silius_n testify_v they_o at_o the_o first_o to_o have_v be_v scythian_n and_o to_o have_v use_v ordinary_o to_o drink_v horse_n blood_n a_o thing_n nothing_o strange_a among_o the_o wild_a irish_a even_o of_o late_a day_n and_o some_o may_v also_o happy_o suppose_v that_o the_o irish_a name_n conaughty_n be_v compound_v of_o concani_n and_o nagnatae_n howsoever_o it_o be_v sure_a that_o these_o be_v the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o ptolemie_n 6_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o province_n and_o which_o may_v worthy_o be_v account_v the_o three_o in_o ireland_n be_v galway_n in_o irish_a gallive_n build_v in_o manner_n much_o like_o to_o a_o tower_n it_o be_v dignify_v with_o a_o bishop_n see_v and_o be_v much_o frequent_v with_o merchant_n by_o reason_n whereof_o and_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o road_n and_o haven_n it_o be_v gainful_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n through_o traffic_n and_o exchange_v of_o rich_a commodity_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o island_n not_o far_o from_o which_o near_o the_o west_n shore_n that_o lie_v indent_v with_o small_a in-lets_a and_o out_o let_v in_o a_o row_n be_v the_o land_n call_v arran_n of_o which_o many_o a_o foolish_a fable_n go_v as_o if_o they_o be_v the_o land_n of_o the_o live_n wherein_o none_o die_v at_o any_o time_n or_o be_v subject_a to_o morality_n which_o be_v as_o supersitious_a a_o observation_n as_o that_o use_v in_o some_o other_o corner_n of_o the_o country_n where_o the_o people_n leave_v the_o right_a arm_n of_o their_o infant_n male_n unchâ—stned_v as_o they_o term_v it_o to_o the_o end_n that_o at_o any_o time_n afterward_o they_o may_v give_v a_o more_o deadly_a and_o ungracious_a blow_n when_o they_o strike_v which_o thing_n do_v not_o only_o show_v how_o palpable_o they_o be_v carry_v away_o by_o traditious_a obscurity_n but_o do_v also_o intimate_v how_o full_a their_o heart_n be_v of_o inveterate_a revenge_n 7_o this_o â—ovince_n present_v no_o matter_n more_o worthy_a of_o memory_n than_o the_o battle_n of_o knoe-toe_n that_o be_v the_o â—ull_a of_o axe_n under_o which_o the_o great_a rabble_n of_o rebel_n that_o be_v ever_o see_v before_o in_o ireland_n raise_v and_o gather_v together_o by_o the_o archrebel_n of_o that_o time_n william_n burk_n o_o brien_n mac-nomare_a and_o o-carrol_n be_v after_o a_o bloody_a overthrow_n discomfit_v and_o put_v to_o flight_n by_o the_o noble_a service_n of_o girald_n fitzgerald_a earl_n of_o â—ildare_n and_o the_o suppression_n of_o certain_a irish_a the_o posterity_n of_o mac-william_n who_o usurp_v a_o tyranny_n in_o these_o part_n rage_v sometime_o upon_o themselves_o with_o mutual_a injury_n and_o oppress_v the_o poor_a people_n a_o long_a time_n with_o extort_v pill_a and_o spoil_v so_o as_o they_o leave_v scarce_o one_o house_n in_o the_o country_n unrifled_a or_o unrased_a but_o be_v bridle_v and_o repress_v even_o in_o our_o remembrance_n by_o the_o severity_n and_o resolution_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o those_o their_o unjust_a do_n will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o draw_v the_o people_n away_o from_o the_o due_a obedience_n to_o their_o prince_n such_o therefore_o as_o refuse_v to_o obey_v the_o law_n and_o side_v with_o the_o tumultuous_a with_o all_o care_n and_o diligence_n he_o soon_o scatter_v force_v their_o fort_n and_o drive_v they_o into_o wood_n and_o lurk_a hole_n for_o trouble_v the_o bless_a estate_n of_o tranquillity_n till_o the_o lord_n deputie_n who_o take_v pity_n of_o they_o upon_o their_o humble_a supplication_n command_v by_o his_o missive_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v receive_v upon_o term_n of_o peace_n but_o they_o be_v a_o stiffnecked_a people_n take_v arm_n again_o enter_v afresh_o into_o actual_a rebellion_n drive_v away_o booty_n make_v foul_a uproar_n and_o upon_o fair_a promise_n procure_v the_o aid_n of_o the_o scottish_a islander_n from_o out_o of_o the_o hebrides_n whereupon_o the_o governor_n assemble_v a_o army_n and_o pursue_v they_o with_o such_o powerful_a violence_n through_o the_o wood_n and_o forest_n that_o after_o six_o or_o seven_o week_n be_v grievous_o hunger-bitten_a they_o submit_v themselves_o in_o all_o humility_n the_o auxiliarie_n force_v also_o of_o the_o scot_n he_o by_o day_n and_o night_n affront_v so_o near_o and_o follow_v so_o hardly_o that_o he_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n after_o he_o have_v kill_v and_o drown_v about_o three_o thousand_o of_o they_o in_o the_o river_n moin_v 8_o about_o the_o year_n 1316._o there_o be_v such_o a_o great_a slaughter_n make_v of_o the_o irish_a in_o this_o province_n of_o connaught_n through_o a_o quarrel_n that_o arise_v there_o between_o two_o lord_n or_o prince_n that_o there_o be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n about_o four_o thousand_o man_n and_o so_o great_a a_o tribulation_n at_o that_o time_n come_v upon_o the_o people_n that_o they_o do_v devour_v and_o eat_v one_o another_o so_o as_o of_o 10000_o there_o remain_v not_o above_o 200._o living_n and_o it_o be_v report_v for_o truth_n that_o the_o people_n be_v then_o so_o hunger-starved_a that_o in_o churchyard_n they_o take_v the_o dead_a body_n out_o of_o their_o grave_n and_o in_o their_o skull_n boil_v the_o flesh_n and_o feed_v upon_o it_o yea_o and_o that_o woman_n do_v eat_v their_o own_o child_n thus_o appear_v the_o ire_n and_o anger_n of_o god_n in_o punish_v their_o sin_n and_o seek_v their_o conversion_n 9_o place_n memorable_a be_v inis_fw-la ceath_n well_o know_v by_o the_o monastery_n of_o colman_n a_o devout_a saint_n found_v for_o scot_n and_o englishman_n and_o inis_fw-la bovind_v which_o bede_n call_v white_a calse_a isle_n also_o maâ—o_o a_o monastery_n build_v as_o bede_n write_v for_o thirty_o man_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n likewise_o the_o barony_n of_o boil_v under_o carlew_n hill_n where_o in_o time_n past_a be_v a_o famous_a abbey_n build_v together_o with_o the_o abbey_n of_o beatitude_n in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n 1152_o these_o abbey_n and_o monastery_n erect_v at_o the_o first_o for_o religious_a service_n and_o through_o ignorance_n and_o other_o obseurity_n divert_v since_o unto_o superstitious_a use_n be_v now_o make_v the_o ruin_n of_o time_n the_o province_n of_o ulster_n chapter_n v._n this_o province_n call_v by_o our_o welsh-britaines_n vltw_n in_o irish_a cui_fw-la guilly_n in_o latin_a vltonia_fw-la and_o vlidia_n in_o english_a visier_n on_o the_o north_n be_v divide_v by_o a_o narrow_a sea_n from_o scotland_n southward_o it_o extend_v itself_o to_o connagh_n and_o leinster_n the_o east_n part_n lie_v upon_o the_o irish_a sea_n and_o the_o west_n part_n be_v continual_o beat_v with_o the_o boisterous_a rage_n of_o the_o main_a west_n ocean_n this_o province_n and_o further_a part_n of_o ireland_n affront_v the_o scotish_n land_n which_o be_v call_v the_o hebrides_n and_o be_v scatter_v in_o the_o sea_n between_o both_o kingdom_n who_o inhabitant_n at_o this_o day_n be_v the_o irish-scot_n successor_n of_o the_o old_a scythian_a 2_o the_o form_n thereof_o be_v round_o reach_v in_o length_n from_o coldagh-haven_n in_o her_o north_n to_o kilmore_n in_o her_o south_n near_o a_o hundred_o mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n from_o black-abbey_n in_o her_o east_n to_o calebegh_n point_n in_o her_o west_n one_o hundred_o thirty_o and_o odd_a mile_n the_o whole_a in_o circumference_n about_o four_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o mile_n 3_o this_o country_n seldom_o feel_v any_o unseasonable_a extremity_n the_o quick_a and_o flexible_a wind_n cool_v the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o soft_a and_o gentle_a shower_n mollify_v the_o hardness_n of_o the_o winter_n brief_o the_o freeze_a nor_o torrid_a zone_n have_v not_o here_o any_o usurpation_n the_o cloud_n in_o the_o air_n very_o sweet_a and_o pleasant_a yea_o and_o when_o they_o be_v most_o