Epiphanius reporteth of the Gnostikes as great or worse abhominations for euen the Diuell himselfe may bee slandered But long before his time Iacobus de Vitriaco did write of a certaine miserable people liuing in the Mountaines and not farre from Tripoli which in great part obserued the Law of Mahomet but had another hidden Law which they said they might reueale to no man but to their owne Children when they grew to be of ripe age Their wiues and daughters with an implicite faith professe a beliefe in the same but know it not And if the Sonne should vpon any cause reueale it to his Mother the Husband would slay his Wife and the Father his Sonne These eate Swines flesh and drinke Wine and of other Saracens are accounted Heretikes These haue their workes of darknesse in secret wherein they practise filthinesse and such things as are contrarie to the Female sexe and therefore feare lest their wiues would not endure their execrable rites if they were therewith acquainted Howsoeuer the case standeth a filthy Sect it was and is For euen still it continues and if my coniecture deceiue not these are those Drusians of which many Authors haue written falsely surmising them to bee the Relikes of the Latine Armies and of those Frankes which sometime possessed these parts of Syria I deny not but that some of these might ioyne vnto them in and for that fellowship of filthinesse as heere in these parts many debauched beasts with those beastly Gypsies yea I thinke that the Assassines and these since the Tartars destroyed the chiefe of that Sect in Persia and possessed the parts of Syria haue growne into one people receiued also into their societie whatsoeuer dregges of Nations male-contents exiles and vnruely borderers those Mountaines could secure in and thorow all the changes of State and Dominion which those Countries haue suffered which freedome they retayned not onely in the weaker and more vnsetled gouernment of the Mamalukes and Aegyptian Soldans but euen still continue in some sort notwithstanding the Ottoman greatnesse Circumcision they embrace with the Turkes vse the libertie of Christians in drinking Wine and more then beastly licentiousnesse in incestuous copulations with their owne Daughters Thus Botero Knolls in his Turkish Historie saith they follow one Isman a Prophet of their owne and are not Circumcised But I haue learned of a friend of mine one Master Pountesse who hath had acquaintance with them that they are Circumcised And that they are of those Dogzijn which Beniamin mentions it is apparant by their place of abode by their hereticall Sect and Customes so like and by their name easily changed from Dogzijn to Dorzijn and so to Drozijn or Druzijn an easier change then so long a time and forraine pronunciation vsually admit Biddulph writes that they retaine still Baptisme and the names of Christians but are called Rafties that is Infidels Selym the second sought to bring them vnder the Turkish yoke and his successors likewise till these dayes yet both these and the Arabians were neuer made fully subiect Thus the ancient Scythians the Reisbuti in the Mogols Countrey of Cambia the Curdi other Mountaine inhabitants and borderers as also a long time the Welshmen in Wales vnder the greatest soueraignties haue enioyed a kinde of freedome secured by the mountainous situation their naturall hardinesse and the greatest cause their pouertie as a bootlesse bootie and worthlesse conquest to buy barenesse and barrennesse with the price of bloud These Drusians are a people warlike and religious obseruers of their owne superstition yeelding due obedience vnto their naturall Lords they weare long coats reaching to the knees but toned before and no breeches and vse the Arcubuse and Scimatar They are increased in numbers which might come to passe by the long warres which the Westerne Christians with often inuasions made in those parts after they were dispossessed of the Kingdome of Ierusalem the same seconded by the Tartars a long time and after it was the confines of the Turkish and Mamalukes Empires so that it is no maruell if they bee of sundry Nations and Religions being the confluence of so many people and sinke of so many Sects howsoeuer the Drusians name bee predominant They inhabit from Ioppa to Caesarea and Damasco Some dissensions among their Princes gaue opportunitie to Ebrain Bassa An. Dom. 1585. to spoyle their Countrey and extort what hee could one of them helping to cut the others throat yet neuer could he force Man-Ogli to come in and submit himselfe although herein he vsed the Turkish forces and wiliest stratagems then also inuesting Aly Ebre-Carfus in the soueraigntie sweating him to the Turke and carrying with him Ebne-Mansur and Serafadin two of the Drusian Princes which had submitted themselues in his Galleyes as prisoners to Constantinople They are still it is the Relation of a Traueller gouerned by a succession of Princes whom they call Emyrs The present Emer of Sidon is Faccardine a man neuer seene to pray nor in a Mosque small of stature couragious and tyrannicall Hee neuer commenceth battell nor executeth any notable designe without the consent of his Mother a woman skilled in Magicke To his Towne hee hath added a Kingly Signiorie what by his sword and what by his stratagems He pickt a quarrell with Ioseph Emer of Tripoli and dispossest him of Barut and after sackt Tripoli it selfe and forced the Emer to flie to Cyprus and when with the forces of Damasco for hee got to be made Seidar or Gouernour of the Souldierie there he sought to repayre his losses in the field the Damascens were foyled and pursued to the gates of their Citie the conquerours lodging in the Suburbs whence they were remooued by the force of fifteene hundred thousand Sultanies This was Anno 1606. Thus vnder the tytle of a Subiect to the Turke but yeelding obedience at large he holdeth Gazir Barut Sidon Tyrus Acre Saffet or Tyberias Diar Camer Elkiffe the two heads of Iordan the Lake Bemochonthis now called Houle and Sea of Tyberias with the hot Bath adioyning Nazareth Cana and Mount Tabor Saffet is his principall Citie in which are many Iewes The grand Signior often threats his subuersion both for his incroaching and intelligence with the Florentines which hee diuerteth with gifts and fauour but yet prouides for it by fortifying his holds able to hold out a long warre hauing also fortie thousand expert souldiers in continuall pay besides the aduantage of the Mountaines and in greatest extremitie the Sea and the Florentine Hee hath the fifth part of the increase of all things and head-money for all Cattell within his dominions and two Dollers yeerely for the head of euery Iew and Christian The Marchants are there so safe that they may trauell with their purses in their hands yet subiect to tyrannicall seizures vpon the death of Factor or Owner But more then enough of these Drusians and other people 's mingled with them Biddulph mentions Vseph Beg
Nannacus which was exceeding old Many antiquities are told of their gods whose Theologie thus is recited by Eusebius The Phrygians tell that Meon was the most ancient King of Phrygia the Father of Cybele who inuented the pipe called Syrinx and was named the Mountaine mother beloued of Marsyas But when as Attis had raised her belly her father slaying him and his fellowes shee enraged with madnesse ranne vp and downe the countrey Marsyas roamed with her who after being ouercome in a Musicall contention of Apollo was slayed quicke After these things did Apollo loue Cybele with whom she wandred to the Hyperboreans and by his command the bodie of Attis was buried and Cybele obtained diuine Honours Hence it is that euen to this day the Phrygians bewayle the young mans death In Pessinus a City of Phrygia after reckoned to Galatia they erected a Temple to Attis and Cybele After the death of Hyperion the children of Coelus parted the Kingdome amongst them the most famous of which were Atlas and Saturne to the first of which befell the parts adioyning to the Ocean He had great skill in Astronomy Of his seuen daughters were procreated many of the Gods and Heroes and of Maia the eldest and Iupiter was Mercury begotten Saturne the sonne of Atlas being couetous and wicked married Cybele his sister and had by her Iupiter They tell of another Iupiter brother of Coelus and King of Crete but there and here they are so intangled with Fables that the least inquirie hath most ease and no lesse certaintie This Cretan held the Empire of the World and had ten Sonnes whom they call Curetes his Sepulchre they shew to this day Saturne the Brother of Atlas reigned in Italy and Sicilia till Iupiter his Sonne dispossessed him who proued a seuere Prince to the wicked and bountifull to the good Thus much Eusebius of the Phrygian Diuinitie out of their owne Legends the Mysteries whereof he after vnfoldeth Other Tales they had as that Minerua killed there a fire breathing beast of Philemon and Baucis and such like mentioned by the Poets Meander making Warres with the Pessinuntians vowed for Sacrifice whatsoeuer he first met after hee returned with Conquest which he performed on Archelaus his Sonne ouercomming saith one Pietie with Pietie Impious is that Pietie which destroyeth Humanitie and Deuillish crueltie both in the Idoll and Idolater as appeared also in the euent if our Story bee true the father rewarding such Pietie with greater Impietie on himselfe and casting himselfe into the riuer left his name therunto The like is told of the Riuers Sagaris and Scamander Hercules when he went with the Argonautes to Colchos came on shoare on Phrygia to amend his Oare and being thirstie sent his sweeting Hylas to the riuer for water who falling therein was drowned whereupon he leauing his cōpanions wandred in the woods bemoning his Hylas About these times Tantalus liued in these parts a man besides other vices exceedingly couetous not sparing the Temples of the Gods Hence arose the Fable that he was punished in Hell with perpetuall hunger and thirst whiles pleasant waters and dainty fruits did offer themselues to his mouth but when he would haue tasted them fled from him So indeed doth Mammon torment his followers making them to want as well that which they haue as that which they haue not the Medicine being the increaser of the Disease as when fire is quenched with Oile like Gardners Asses laden with good herbs a burthen to them food for others themselues glad to feed on Thistles And how many Tantali do we daily see enduring a hunger and thirst in the midst of their abundance a monstrous and vnnaturall sicknesse to hunger after that which they haue yet cannot yet will not feed on a Dropsie-thirst saue that they dare not drinke that which they haue and thirst Vnworthy of that life which he sacrificeth to that which neuer had the dignitie to be mortall vnworthy that body which he pineth with plenty or that soule which he damneth for a fancie of hauing or that nature of man which he confineth to the Gallies to the Mynes in the seruice of a piece of earth vnworthy of the name of Christian whose Christ was to one of his Fore-fathers worth thirty pence but now this will sell him for three halfe pence for a piece of bread yea like Aesops Dog for the shadow of a piece of Bread vnworthy of any thing saue that his couetise to be his Tempter his Tormentor his Fury his Deuill Once pitty it is that hee prizeth a Halter so deare else would he rid the World of a burthen and himselfe of his worthlesse life But whither hath Tantalus carried me Take heed Reader he doe not carry thee further or thou him beyond words They say he would haue sacrificed his Sonne Pephilops had not Diuine power releeued him thou art like to find him Tantalus still What the Poets tell of Ganymedes euery one knowes of Niobe famous for her sonnes daughters which she lost all in one day of Midas another Tantalus whose couetousnesse became a new Alchymie to turne all into Gold And how doth this two-fold Alchymie gull the world the one making with vaine hopes a rich estate become poore the other with ful haps making all Gold but the Man onely the Romane Alchymist is Master of that Art which the former professe that turnes so easily a little Lead into so much good Gold onely the wiseman wise in the latter to be Master of himselfe his wealth not a slaue to passion or pelfe And yet Midas in a publike calamity hapning by an Earthquake which swallowed vp Houses warned by an Oracle to cast into those gaping jawes of the earth that which was most precious hurled therein much treasure what could hee thinke more precious and how much more easily would many a Mydas haue hurled in himselfe But the Earth not yet satisfied would not close vp her mouth till his sonne Anchurus esteeming man to be most precious leaped in and the reconciled Element receiued an Altar in witnesse of his haughty courage There were many Phrygian Kings named Midas The Phrygians sacrificed to the riuers Meander and Marsius they placed their Priests after death vpon a stone ten cubits high They did not sweare or force others to an oath they were much addicted to diuination by Birds Macrobius applyeth their Tales of Cybele and Atis to the Sunne Silenus is reckoned among the Phrygian Deities whom Goropius fercheth out of Scythia and maketh him Midas his Master in Geography and Philosophy The diligent attendance of the Scholer was occasion to that Fable of his long eares the learning of the Master gaue him diuine Honours In Phrygia on the riuer Sangarius stood Gordie or as Arrianus calleth it Gordion of which he reporteth that when Alexander came thither he had a great desire to see the Tower in which was the palace of Gordius Midas
Nicephorus Gregoras relateth the Scythian Customes and Expeditions and their contempt of gold and ignorance of the vse of it These on the one side and the Christians on the other forced the Turkes which were also a kind of Scythians to settle themselues as they could in the parts of Mesopotamia Chaldaea and Assyria where they left there owne and learned the Rites and Customes of the Mahumetans The Kings are buried amongst the Gerrhi with many ceremonies carrying the dead bodie through all the Countries ouer which hee reigned which cut and shaue themselues and with him is buried his best beloued Paramour his Cup-bearer Cooke Master of his horse Waiter Messenger Horses and the first fruits of all oher things and also golden Cups and then they cast on earth making a verie great hill When the yeere is gone about they take fiftie of his principall attendants which are not slaues but freeborne Scythians and strangle them with so many horses of the best and fasten the dead men on the dead horses with much solemnitie But to relate all the particulars hereof and their burials also of priuate men whose dead bodies are carryed about fortie daies from one friend to another entertained euerie where with feasts c. would be too tedious He that would haue a sight of these things let him resort to Thomaso Porcacchi his Funerali Antichi where these things are not onely discoursed in words but described in artificiall pictures The Scythians so farre hate forraine Rites and Religions that Anacharsis a Scythian Philosopher hauing trauelled through a great part of the world and vowed to the mother of the gods if he returned home in safetie that he would sacrifice to her with such Rites as hee had seene obserued in Cyzicus in the performance of his vow was slaine by King Saulius Scyles also being King of the Scythians when he brought in forraine Rites and obserued the mad Bacchanal solemnities which hee had seene among the Greekes lost both his Kingdome and life They cut off the noses of men and imprinted pictures in the flesh of women whom they ouercame and generally their Customes of war were bloudie what man soeuer the Scythian first taketh he drinketh his bloud hee offereth to the King all the heads of the men he hath slain in battaile otherwise he may not share in the spoile the skins of their crownes flayed off they hang at their horse-bridles their skins they vse to flay for napkins and other vses and some for cloathing Once a yeere the chiefe men haue a solemnitie amongst them in which they powre wine into a Mazor of which none may drinke which hath not slaine an enemy These Customs were generall to the Scythians in Europe and Asia for which cause Scytharum facinora patrare grew into a Prouerbe of immane crueltie and their Land was iustly called Barbarous others were more speciall and peculiar to particular Nations Scythian §. III. Of particular Nations in Scythia their Acts and Rites OF the barbarous crueltie of the Scythians the sea confining was called Euxinus by the contrarie as the furies were called Eumenides saith Ammianus because they sacrificed strangers to Diana whom they worshipped vnder the name of Orsiloche and hanged vp their heads on the walles of their Temples The Ile Leuce neere to Taurica was dedicated to Achilles where none of his deuout worshippers durst abide in the night-time for none might spend the night on shoare without danger of his life Arrianuus in his Peripius or sailing about of the Euxine Sea speaketh of this Iland and the deuotions therein performed to Achilles and Patroclus that certaine birds keepe the Temple watering and sweeping the same with their wings and the Goates which feed in the I le there present themselues for sacrifice when the price is first paid at the Altar to the contentment of that Deitie or Diuell whose illusion if not others collusion it must needs bee But because this Iland adioyneth to Europe I must forbeare these things till another time He also describeth the Nations both in Asia and Europe which abutt round about that Sea Iornandes bringeth these Scythians bordring from Scanzia so hee calleth that Peninsula which others name Basilia Scandia Scandinauia c. Wherein are the Kingdomes of Sweden Gothland and Norway and attributeth to the Goths those warres which the Egyptians and Persians are said to haue made against the Scythians Neere to Maeotis King Filimer planted himselfe and his followers in Dacia Thracia and Maesia Zamolxes who was also a great Philosopher These and the rest were not onely a terrour to the skirts of Asia but to the heart of Africa and Europa in processe of time sacking Rome and shaking that Roman Monarchy almost to the ground Simocatta in his Mauritian History giueth the preeminence of Martiall valour amongst the many many Scythian Nations to the ABARES Chaganus the Scythian King sent Embassadors to Mauritius with an Epistle wherein he stileth himselfe Gouernour of seuen Nations and Lord of the seuen Climats of the world He comquered the Abdelae or Nephthalites the Abares some of which fled to Tangast to the Turkes and the Ogor-Nation which dwell by the Riuer Til or Volga whose ancient Princes were called War and Chunnai He conquered also the Prince of Colch in which war hee slew three hundred thousand people their carkasses lying scattered foure daies iourney Hee subdued also the Turkes at the hill Icar which is foure hundred miles distant from the golden Mountaine so they call a mountaine in the East because of the fertilitie and store of cattell therein which alwayes the greatest Chagan amongst the Turkes possesseth For Chagan is not a proper name but a Princely title which in those parts and the Countries adioyning is still continued the Tartars calling their Princes Chan which some perhaps falsly write Cham and the Persians and Turkes still vsing that title These Turkes vaunted themselues neuer subiect to Earth-quakes or Pestilence They cal their Priest Taisan that is the Sonne of GOD. Their Religion I haue before mentioned They haue a custome that the males neuer weare gold This Citie was diuided by a streame which sometimes separated two disagreeing Nations no lesse distinguished by their disioyned mindes and differing habites the one wearing blacke the other red This Citie they say was built by Alexander when hee had ouercome the Sogdians and Bactrians The Kings wiues shining with Iewels are carryed in golden Chariots each drawne with one Bull the bridles embossed with gold The Prince as is said elsewhere spent the night with seuen hundred women Fame attributeth another Citie not farre hence to Alexander called Chubdan The Prince thereof being dead his wiues in blacke with shauen heads continually mourne and may neuer forsake the Sepulchre These haue many Elephants and traffique with the Indians which dwell Northwards and make Silke Thus much I thought worth the adding out of Simocatta for better
vpon him He was solemnely inaugurated accordingly Hee was of comely person well fauoured affable easie and apt to ill counsell but dangerous in the end to the giuer of good capacity and ready wit about forty six yeeres of age much affected to Necromancie made shew of great Deuotion and Religion not Learned of a sudden apprehension very precipitate subtle a naturall good Oratour reuengefull not much giuen to luxury temperate in dyet Heroicall in outward shew one which gaue great entertaynment to forreigne Embassadours sent rich Presents to forreigne Kings to illustrate his owne greatnesse Hee now desired league by his Embassadours sent with Letters and Presents to the Emperour Pole Dane Swethen which the three last refused but vpon conditions to his loffe To them adhered those which loued him not and procured his ruine Hee continued the same course of gouernment but made shew of more security and liberty to the Subiect Still fearing his owne safety and continuance he desired to match his Daughter with Hartique Hans the King of Denmarks third Sonne Conditions were agreed on time appointed for the Marriage but this valorous hopefull Prince on that day whereon he should haue beene married dyed in the Musco Not long after he was put to extreame exigents by the Crimme the Pole and Swethen all inuading the neerest Confines Bodan Belskoy the old Emperours Minion vpon whom hee serued Boris his trusty turne making him away and so opening a way to that which Boris aymed at none being also better able to bring in subiection the aduerse Nobilitie and others was rewarded with such recompence as vsually followeth such trecherous Instruments Boris and the Empresse fearing his subtle wit found occasions and placed him remote with his Confederates sure as they thought But he in the time of his greatnesse hauing conuayed infinite Treasure now vseth it to reuenge and ioyning with many discontented Nobles stirres vp the King and Palatines of Poland with the power of Lithuania and with a meane Army hoping of assistance in Russia gaue out that they brought the true Dmetrius Sonne to Iuan Vasilowich Boris wants courage to fight notwithstanding sufficient preparations hee his Wife Sonne and Daughter tooke poyson whereof three presently dyed the Sonne liued to bee proclaymed but quickly dyed And now the Counterfeit Demetrius was admitted and crowned Sonne to a Priest sometimes carried Aquauitae to sell about the Country Married the Palatines Daughter and permitting the Poles to domineere ouer the Russe Nobility and to set their courses of Religion and Iustice out of ioynt hauing rooted out Boris his faction and Family c. The Russes conspire and kill Demetrius take him out of his bed dragge him on the Terras the Gunners and Souldiers thrust their Kniues in his body hacke hew and mangle his head body and legs carry it to the Market place shew it for three dayes about the City the people cursing him and the Traytors that brought him The Palatine his Daughter were conuayed away A new Election was made two propounded Knez Iuan Mishtelloskoy and Knez Vasily Petrowich Suskoy this was chosen and crowned but summoned as a Vassall by a Herald of Armes to yeeld obedience to the Crowne of Poland The Pole strikes the Iron whiles it is hote hauing gotten good footing amongst them inuades Russia repossesses the Musco takes Suscoy and diuers Nobles which are carried Captiues to Vilna chiefe Citie of Lituania Now the Poles tyrannise ouer the Russe more then before seize on their goods money and best things which they conuay into Polaud and Lituania But those hidden by Iuan Vasilowich and Boris in secret places doubtlesse remayne vndiscouered by reason the parties which had beene therein employed were still made away The Russe submits to the Pole desires Stanislaus his Sonne to liue and Reigne ouer and amongst them but that King and State would not herein trust them with their hope of Succession nor doe them so much honour but rule by their Presidents c. The Luganoie Nagoie and Chercas Tartars long setled in obedience to the Russe and best vsed by them now straitned of their wonted Salaries and vsage hate the Pole take armes in great numbers robbed spoyled killed carried away many of them with their rich booties before gotten the Russe Nobilitie tooke heart againe and bethinke them of another Emperour The Sonne of the Archbishop of Restona now Patriarch of Mosco Sonne to Mekita Romanowich before mentioned borne before he was made a Bishop Michael Fedorowich is elected and crowned by generall consent of all Estates God send him long to Reigne with better successe then his Predecessors RELATIONS OF THE KINGDOME OF GOLCHONDA AND OTHER NEIGHBOVRING NATIONS within the Gulfe of BENGALA Arreccan Pegu Tannassery c. And the ENGLISH Trade in those Parts by Master WILLIAM METHOLD THe Gulfe of Bengala famous for its dimensions extendeth it selfe from the Cape called Comorijne lying in 8. degrees of North latitude vnto Chatigan the bottome thereof which being in 22. degrees is not lesse as the Coast lyeth then a 1000. English miles and in breadth 900. limited on the other side by Cape Singapura which lyeth in 1. degree of South latitude washeth the Coast of these great and fertile Kingdomes viz. Ziloan Bisnagar Golchonda Bengala Arreccan Pegu and Tanassery and receiueth into its bosome many Nauigable Riuers which lose their note and names in the eminent Neighbourhood of the famous Ganges whose vnknowne head pleasant streames and long extent haue amongst those Heathen Inhabitants by the Tradition of their Fore-fathers gained a beliefe of clensing all such sinnes as the bodies of those that wash therein brought with them for which cause many are the Pilgrimes that resort from farre to this lasting Iubilee with some of whom I haue had conference and from their owne reports I insert this their beliefe The Island of Zeloan our Nation hath onely lookt vpon en passant the Portugals that clayme all East India by donation hold a great part of this in subiection and with such assurance that they beleeue they can make it good against all their Enemies yet are not they the onely Lords thereof for the naturall Inhabitants haue also their King commonly called the King of Candy with whom the Danes had not long since a fruitlesse treaty for commerce which falling short of their expectation they fortified vpon the Mayne not far from Negapatnam at a place called Trangabay with what successe or hopes of benefit I cannot relate The first Kingdome vpon the Mayne is that ancient one of Bisnagar rent at this time into seuerall Prouinces or Gouernments held by the Naickes of that Countrey in their owne right for since the last King who deceased about fiftene yeeres since there haue arisen seuerall Competitors for the Crowne vnto whom the Naickes haue adhered according to their factions or affections from whence hath followed a continuall Ciuill Warre in some parts of the Countrey and
that part of the Countrey could not be permitted â—â—dâ—ande without the Kings Firmaen with much trouble procured from whom I vnderstood that this Castle being of great circuit was deuided into sixe seuerall Forts one commanding another according to their situation which being furnished with great ponds of water store of trees as well fruit as others and large fields to plant Rice in lodged in them continually 12000. Souldiers thus much his Relation What I could soe which was enough to hide a great part of the Heauens was a huge Mountaine which being apart by nature had inuited Art to make it a retreate for the King of this Countrey if a battels losse or other aduerse fortune forced them to that extremity For besides the Mountayne it selfe steepe in most places is walled with a hand some seeming stone wall with Bulwarkes and Battlements according to the ancient Order of fornification whereunto hauing but one way that admits a â—â—ent it is thought impregnable not to bee vndermined but by treacherie skaled without wings or battered but by Famine And betwixt this Castle and Cundeuera which is at least fiue and twentie English miles there is a lightly correspondence held by shewing each other Torches lifting them vp sometimes more sometimes lesse according to the order contriued betwixt them Religion is heere free and no mans conscience oppressed with Ceremony or Obseruance onely he Kings Religion is predominant in the authority and quality of the Professors not in number of Soules for the Ancient Naturals of the Countrey commonly called Gentiles or Heathens exceed them in a very great proportion The moores are of two sorts as I formerly mentioned but they onely which are tearmed Seam haue their Mesgits and publikes exercise of their Religion the rest giuing no offence are not interrupted in their Opinions or Practizes but of these their Ceremonies or Differences I forbeare to discourse well knowing that besides our neerer Neighbourhood with Turkey and Barbarie your Pilgrimage hath an ply delineated both their beginnings and continuance The like consideration might silence my purposed Relation of the Gentiles who differing little in Habit Complexion Manners or Religion from most of the Inhabitants of the mayne of India haue alreadie from abler Pennes past your approbation and the Presse so that Nil dictum est quod non sit dictum prius Yet encouraged by your request I adde to that Treasury this myte of my Obseruation submitting all that dislikes or appeares superfluous to your suppression The Gentiles in the Fundamentall points of their little Religion doe hold the same principles which their Learned Clergie the Bramenes haue from great Antiquitie and doe yet maintayne but with an Implicite faith not able to giue an account of it or any their customes onely that it was the custome of their Ancestors Conceining God they doe beleeue him first to haue beene onely one but since to haue taken to his assistance diuers that haue sometimes liued vpon Earth vnto whose memorie they build their Temples tearmed Pagodes and styling them Demi-gods or Saints direct most of their Worship to such of them as they stand most particularly affected vnto supporting their Deities with most ridiculous Legendary Fables of Miracles done by them in the likenesse of Apes Oxen Kites or the like many yeeres since past all memory or beliefe They hold the Immortalitie of the Soule and the transmigration of it from one body to another according to the good or bad quarter it kept in the last Mansion from whence followeth much abstinence from killing or eating any thing that had life Their difference in Washings Meates Drinkes and such like arise rather from the Tradition of the Fathers enioyned to their Posteritie then in point of Religion as we reade of the Rechabites who from their Fathers Iniunction were commended for their constant continuance in their customes Their moralitie appeares best in their conuersation murder and violent theft are strangers amongst them seldome happen but for coozenage in bargaining caueat emptor Poligamy is permitted but not generally practised vnlesse in case of the first Wiues barrennesse Adultery is not common but punishable in women Fornication veniall and no Law but that of modesty restraines the publike action They are diuided into diuers Tribes or Linages they say fortie foure all which according to their degrees are knowne each to other and take place accordingly wealth in this point being no prerogatiue for the poorest Bramene will precede the richest Committy and so the rest in their seuerall Orders The Bramene is Priest vnto them all and weareth alwayes three or foure twisted threeds ouer one shoulder and vnder the other arme and in his forehead a round spot whereon there sticketh cornes of Rice dyed yellow in Turmericke they are very good and ready Accountants and in that Office much employed by Moores of greatest Affaires writing and keeping their accounts in Palmito leaues with a Pen of Iron and if in that Generall Deluge of Pagan Ignorance there remayneth any knowledge of Arts or Learning these preserue it and entirely to themselues without participation to other Tribes involved in verball Traditions or concealed Manuscripts and are indeed indifferent Astronomers obseruing exactly the course of the seuen Planets through the twelue Houses and consequently the certaine houre of Ecclipses and other Astrologicall Predictions wherein they haue gained so good credit that none eyther Gentile or Moore will vndertake any great Iourney or commence any important businesse without first consulting with his Bramene for a good houre to set forward in from whence I haue knowne it happen that a Moore which came Gouernour to Musulipatnam hath attended without the Towne ten dayes before he could find a fortunate houre to make his triumphant entry into his new gouernment and of this Tribe they forget not to tell you there are two Kings the Samorijue King of Callecut and the King of Cochijne both vpon the Coast of Malabar The next Cast in account is the Fangam who is of the Bramenes dyet in all particulars eating nor killing any thing that hath life abhorring Wine but drinking Butter by the pint contenting themselues with Milke from the Reuerend Cow and such Pulfe Herbs Roots and Fruits as the Earth produceth the Onion only excepted which for certaine red veines in it resembling bloud finds fauour in their mercifull mouthes and these also in an inferiour degree haue some Priestly power ouer such as by wearing sanctified Stones tyed vp in their haire are buried when they dye all others are burnt If these be of any Trade they must be Taylers and such many of them are but more profest Beggers and no wonder for the constancy of that Countries fashion and the little or no Needle-worke belonging to the making vp of a Garment cannot finde all of them worke if they stood affected to vndertake it but other worke then Taylours worke they may not
father and brethren when they were Prisoners fiue yeeres in the hand of the Xarife Muley Buhason was King of Velos de la Gomera and after that Fez was lost by Ahmat hee by the ayde of Salharaes Gouernour of Argiers recouered it againe hee was slaine by treason by one of his Guard in a battell against the Xarife He left three Sonnes Muley Naçar a Bastard and Muley Mahamet which was his eldest Sonne legitimate and Muley Yahia which yet liueth Muley Mahamet succeeded his father but was presently forced to flye leauing the Xarife in possession of all his estates and dying within few yeeres left one Sonne a child called Muley Halal which is this present pretender Muley Halal being a child was carried to the Mountaines of Tarudante beeing named for King but being not able to recouer his estate nor able to resist the power of the Xarife he fled into Christendome where he yet remayneth together with his Vncle Muley Yahia who being Sonne vnto a Christian woman fled presently into Christendome with his mother when his father King Bahason was slaine as aforesaid FINIS AN ALPHABETICALL TABLE OF THE PRINCIPALL THINGS CONTAYNED IN THIS WORKE A AArons Priesthood 121. 122. Abares a Scythian Nation 363 Their descent Habitation ibid. Abas the Persian King 386. 387. An appendix touching him out of Sir Anthoney Sherley 388 389. seq His dealing with the Turke and Christians and Iesuits lyes of him 394. 395 Abasian Line of Chaliphas 235 Abassia vide Aethiopia Abasens 225 Abasian Chaliphaes 236 Abassine or Abissine why so called 734. and Elhabaschi ibidem Their Language and Arabian Ofspring ibid. They know not the ancient Letters in the Aethiopian Monuments 237 The seuerall Countries of Abassia 749. Riuers Lakes ibid. Soyle Fruits Creatures 750. Customes priuate and publike 751. Their estimation of blacke 721. Their present miseries 752 Abdalla Father of Mahumet 241 245 Abdalmutalif Mahumets Master or as some say his Grandfather 241 Abdimelec 234. His acts ibid. Abdul Mumen 692. He intituled himselfe the Prince of Beleeuers ibid. Abed Ramon his Acts 234. 705 Abels Sacrifice respected how 28 Abbies built in Turkie 282. 308 in Iapon 597. 598. vide Monasteries Abis a strange accident there 225 226 Abraham his supposed Martyrdome 45. Cast into Prison and banished 52. Inuenter of Astrologie 55. His Temple and Well 64. His Letters 82. An Idolater 95. His History and others testimonies of him 95. 96. His yeeres reckoned 153 His supposed Booke 162. Posteritie by Keturah 224. 270. Saracens dreames of him 264 254. 269. Postellus his like conceit 642 Abram King of Acem 612. 613 Abydus a place in Mysia where was a famous Temple of Venus in remembrance of their libertie recouered by an Harlot 334 Abydenus his testimony of the Floud 34. Of the Arke 35. Of Nabuchodonosor 49 Accaron and the worship there 81 136 Acen Achin Achi or Acem in Samatra the History of their Kings 612. 613. The Kings Letter 614. His cruelties 615 Achilles worshipped in Leuce and tales of his Temple 399 Achmat or Achmet the Great Turke 228. 229. 288. 289 Sultan Achmets Person Family Gouernment and greatnesse of State 288. sequitur 291. 292. 293. Hee reigned about fifteene yeeres 293. 294 Acra Aelia 94 Acusamil 885 Adam greatest Philosopher 14. 18 Adams Hill in Seylan 17 Adam his generall and particular calling 20. His happinesse before his fall 18. 19. His many sinnes in the fall 21. 22. Nakednesse Punishment 22. 23. First and second Adam compared 24. His sinne how ours 25 Adam taught by God taught his children to sacrifice 27. 28. Supposed to liue and dye at Hebron 29. Mourning for Abel ibid. The conceits of Zabij touching him 52. His buriall 53. Iewish Dreames of Adam 160. 178. 205. Taught by Raziel 161. His Cellar Mahometicall Dreames of him 252. 253. seq Adam acknwledged by the Bramenes 547. 548 Adam Baba in Zeilan 277. Their fancies of him ibid. Adams viz. William Adams his trauels and voyage to Iapon 588. 589. seq Adad Assyrian God 66. The Sun ibid. Adadezer K. of Aram Zoba 73 Adega Mahomets Wife 241 Adel and Adea their situation and description 754 Adiabena a Kingdome in Assyria 35. 63 Adona a name of God what it signifieth 4 Adonis Fable Feasts Rites and Riuer 78. 79 Adrian Emperour 72. Founder of Aelia 142. His testimonie of the Aegyptians 626. His destroying of Antinous 646 Adriaticke Sea which so called 575 Adrimachidae their habitation Rites 667 Adultery how punished by the Iewes 99. 205. By the Arabians 238. Alcoran 251. Tartars 416. Pataneans 495. 496 In Bengala 509. Of the Bramenes 547. Turkes 299. In Guinea 717. In Aethiopia 739. Madagascar 799. Florida 851. Mexico 877. Nicaragua 888. In Brasill 918. In Iapan 560. 591. In Iaua 611. 612 Adultery how esteemed by the Arabians 228. How tryed at Guinea 716. 717 Aelia Capitolina 93 Aegyptians first Authors of Idolatry 631. Worshipped men vnder other names ibid. Conuinced by Abraham 95. Conquered by the Saracens 657. By the Christians and by Saladine 657. By Selim 283. 284 Aegypt why so called Aegypt and Mesre and other names 626 How bounded and a discourse of Nilus 627. The number of Aegyptian Cities and workes of their Kings Cham and Chemmis 630. 631. Their Temples and exceeding summes whereto they amounted 631. Sesostris and other Kings 632. Pyramides the Labyrinth Sphynx Lake Meris and their Sepulchres 633. 634. Their Osiris Isis Orus and other Legends 635. 636. The Land diuided to their King Priests and Souldiers ibid. Their baudy orders and beastly Deities 636. Reasons of Religion to Beasts 637 Mysticall exposition ibid. Their worship water fire a man the Beetle 635. 637. Manifold mysteries ibid. Hermes Trismegistus 637 Hierogliphicks ibid. their Idols how deified ibid. their Apis and other Beasts deified or sacred how nourished and respected 638. Cost bestowed on the Funerals of them 639. Description and consecration of Apis ibid. His History and Mystery 639. Other Oxen worshipped ibid. How they respect Beasts in these dayes 640. What beasts fishes fowles generally What in seuerall places worshipped ibid. Meats prohibited amongst them 641. Serpents Farts c. Worshipped ibid. Their Sacrifices Circumcision and Swine 642. 643. Their manner of tillage or sowing the ground ibid. Their Oaths Priests Magicke and Sacrifices 643. Gymnosophists Sanctuary Feasts ibid. The Oracles and Knauerie of Isis Priests 643. Their inuentions and conditions 644. 645 Rogues why called Aegyptians or Gypsies 646. Acts of the Persians in Aegypt 647. Their Greeke Schooles and Librarie 648. 649. Deuotions and Temples of Serapis 650. Knauery of Tyrannus 651. The acts of Romans Iewes Saracens in Aegypt 652. The building of Cairo 654. The state of it and Alexandria 655. Present Aegyptians 656. Diuers successions and alterations in Aegypt ibid. Her Sects 657. Mamalukes maruellous actiuitie ibid. Christians there 658. Their Chronologie 660. 661. Ancient Kings 662. Who reigned when Moses passed the Red Sea 663. Chalifas 664. Mamalukes
to Africa 626. 671 704. to America 950. 951. seq Ilands del Moro and the commodities thereof 578 Ilium or Troye the situation and Founder thereof 332 Image of God 14. 15. How farre lost 22 Images how came to be worshipped 45. 46 Images in the Temple of Belus 49 Image erected by Nebuchadonoser 50. Of Senacherib 62 Images in the Temple at Hierapolis 68. 69. Of Apollo at Daphne 71 Image in Nebuchadnezars dreame 71. Of Victoria taken away with a scoffe 73. Of men mads Gods 75. Of Moloch 86 Iewish hatred of Images 213 Turkish hatred of them 301 Dreame of an Image at Rome 205. Of Venus 56. 59. Turkish nicety for Images 300. 301 Images of Mars and Saturne at Mecca 255. 268. Persian Images and the sacrificing to them 374. 375. 976 Images of the Tartars 423. In Tanguth 428. 429. In Cathay 405. 415. 416. 426. Of the Samoeds 432. 433. Chinois 470. 471. seq Siamites 490 491. In Pegu 505. 506. In Bengala 508. 509. In Salsette 545 Calicut 550. Negapatun 557 558. In Iapon 597. 598. Of Adam in Zellan 616. 617. In Aegypt 635. 636. In Mexico 870. 873. seq At Acusamil 885. In Guiana 901. seq In Peru 940. 941 Imbij a Barbarous Nation 755 Imemia a Sect imbraced of the Persians and others 275. 276 Impropriations Popish 119. How many and how wicked 119. 120 Incest of the Dogzijn fathers polluting their owne daughters c. 220. Mother with the sonne ibid. India what Countries so called 477 India Minor and Maior 735. The Name India how vsed 477 India how diuided 477. Indian Rites before and after Bacchus 481. 482 Indians of seuen sorts 478. Opinions and life of their Brachmanes 478. 479. Diuers orders of them ibid. Their Rites in burning themselues 480 Indian Gods Monsters Dances and other Rites 481. 482 Indian women 482. Fruits Plants Spices Beasts c 563. seq Portugall and Dutch trading in India 483. Of the English Trade there and many arguments in defence of it 484 485. seq Indian societie commended ibid Indico how and where it growes 570. 1003 Indus Riuer worshipped 478. 479 Described ibid Inguas title of the Kings of Peru 931 Intelligents a Sect of Moores 275 Inundations in China 458 Iobs Storie said to bee fayned 164 Ioghi Indian Votaries and Catharists 574. Their Opinions ibid. Furious zeale selfe-rigor 575 Iohn King of England his Embassage 702 Ionia how situate 336. Whence so called and the principall Cities thereof ibid. Ionithus a supposed sonne of Noah 36 Ionas sent to Niniue 66 Ionadab father of the Rechabites 125 Ionathas sonne of Vsiel 161 Ionathan Author of the Chaldee Paraphrase 165. The opinions of him and his Sect ibid. Ionike Letters 81 Ioppe when built 83 Ior a Kingdome 496 Iordan Riuer described 92 Iosephus not skilfull in Hebrew 94 Ben Gorion counterfeit 129. His testimonie of Christ 163 Irak a Kingdome 220 Isabella Iland 904 Is a Citie so called 50 Isis the Storie thereof 78. 80. 83. 635. 636 Isdigertes 353 Island and Iscaria 831 seq Isman a Drusian Prophet 220. 221 Ismael 92 Ismaelites a Sect 132 Ismael Sophi 381. 382. The Second 815 Israel who called 90. Their num 92. How gouerned before and in the time of Moses 68. How How after 98 99. Carried captiue 121. When they departed Aegypt 675. Some remnants in China 475 Isidones their Rites 397 Italie wherein happie and vnhappie 828 Iuan Vasiliwich Emperour of Russia his cruelties and historie at large by Sir Ierom Horsey 973 seq Iuba a King and Writer 678 Iubilee 112. The nine and fortieth yeere 113. The Popish Iubilee ibid. Iubilee of the Mexicans 881 Iucatan and the Rites there 885 Iuchri Iuchria Iurchi 341 Iudah 124 Iude his citing of a testimonie of Henoch 30 Iudaea 92. When first so called 93 vid. Ierusalem and Iewes Iudgement-Day Turkish opinions thereof 313 Iugures 404. The Sect and Rites of the Iugures 431 Iulian Apostata 72 Iulian the Spanish Traytor 229. Iuno Olympia 78. 81 Iupiter of the Plough 77. Of the Dunghill 80. Beelsamen and Olympius 77. 81. Triphylius 201. Bellipotens 311. Hercaeus and Fulminator 318. Descensor 319. Larisseus 321 Iupitur Sagus 328. Iupiter of the Persians 396 Iupiter Graecanicus 137. The Oracle of Iupiter Ammon 665 Isates King of Adiabena 63 K KAbala what it is 161 seq How differing from the Talmud 161. 162. Three kinds ibid. Kabala of the Mahumetans 276 277 Kain his Sacrifice 28. His punishment ibid. His remouing to Nod and his posteritie 29 Kain commended by the Caiani 135 Kalender of Iewish Fasts and Feasts 113. 114. Of the Samaritans 137. 138. Of the Saracens 229 230. Of the Peruans 945. 946 Kara Karraim or Koraim Scripture Iewes 125 129. Antient and moderne differ 129 Karda Mountaines 35 Karthada 82 Kedar a Countrie abounding with flocks of sheepe and goates 85 Kergis 405 Kiddish a Iewish prayer 186 Kine worshipped by the Indians and why 50. how King of the Iewes his prerogatiue 89 Kiou chiefe Citie of Russia 297 Kirgessen Tartars 421 Kithaya the situation and description thereof 404. Their Rites 405. Their faith and manner of writing ibid. vid Cathaya Kiugin a degree of the Chinois 449 Knights of Rhodes 584 Knighthood in Ciualoa 855. 856. in Mexico 866. 867. In Brasil 914. Goa 544. Master Kniuets most strange aduentures in Brasill and other parts 909 910. 911 Koptus a Citie that gaue name to Aegypt 626 Kumero Kumeri Kumeraes Kumeraeg 37 Kyrkes whence so called 120 Kitayans and their Religion 404 M LAbans Idols 98 Laborosoarchadus 62 Hee is that Baltasar mentioned by Daniel 63 Labyrinth in Aegypt 633. 634 Lac an Indian drugge 569 Ladrones Ilands the description thereof 950. The Rites and Customes there 951 Lake at Hierapolis 69. Ascalon 81. Sodome 84 85. Called Asphaltites 92. Thonitis 65 Genesareth and Samachonitis 92. Arethusa 318. At Hamceu in China 441. At Quinsay ibid. The Lake of Maeris 634. Gale Goiame Magnice and other Lakes in Africa 773 774. 775 Lamech Iewish Dreames of him 30 Lambe Paschall vide Paschall A Lambe the daily Sacrifice of the Hasidim 125. 126 Labor 413 Lampes nine hundred in the Temple of Fez and as many arches 683. A Lampe perpetually burning 147 Lampe a stone so called of strange effect 69 Languages confounded 38. 40 Restored ibid. Which was the first Language 38. 39. 264. Reckoned by some 40. 264 Languages which the most general 265. Strange Language vsed in holy things in Peru 938. 940 In Bisnagar 572. In Siam for other Sciences 491. 492 Last Chalifas in Bagdad and Aegypt 1044 Laodicea 70. seq Sixe of that name 71 Laos or Laios an Indian people their habitation and rites 489. 490 Lar and Cailon 580 Lausu a Philosopher of China 464 His Sect and the Rites thereof 465. 466 Law written in Mans heart 19 Differing from Ceremoniall ibid. Law diuided into Ceremoniall Morall Iudiciall 96. Their difference ibid. Written and vnwritten 121. Dreames of vnwritten 156. seq The
PVRCHAS his PILGRIMAGE OR RELATIONS OF THE WORLD AND THE RELIGIONS Obserued in all Ages and places Discouered from the CREATION vnto this PRESENT CONTAYNING A THEOLOGICALL AND GEOGRAphicall Historie of ASIA AFRICA and AMERICA with the Ilands adiacent Declaring the ancient Religions before the FLOVD the Heathenish Iewish and Saracenicall in all Ages since in those parts professed with their seuerall opinions Idols Oracles Temples Priests Fasts Feasts Sacrifices and Rites Religious Their beginnings Proceedings Alterations Sects Orders and SVCCESSIONS VVith briefe Descriptions of the Countries Nations States Discoueries Priuate and publike Customes and the most remarkable Rarities of NATVRE or Humane industrie in the same The fourth Edition much enlarged with Additions and illustrated with Mappes through the whole Worke And three whole Treatises annexed One of Russia and other Northeasterne Regions by Sr. IEROME HORSEY The second of the Gulfe of Bengala by Master WILLIAM METHOLD The third of the Saracenicall Empire Translated out of Arabike by T. ERPENIVS By SAMVEL PVRCHAS Parson of St. Martins by Ludgate LONDON Vnus Deus Vna Veritas LONDON Printed by William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone and are to be sold at his Shop in Pauls Church-yard at the Signe of the Rose 1626. TO HIS MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTIE Charles BY THE GRACE OF GOD KING OF Great Brittaine France and Ireland Defender of the Faith c. YOur Maiesties goodnesse hath inuited this boldnes in accepting my late Voluminous Twinnes of Pilgrimes then also vouchsafing to aske of this my Pilgrimage whether it were there annexed and wherefore it was not a sufficient prouocation to This Edition and Dedication that I mention not Your Pietie which cannot denie hereditarie respect where your Royall Father of euer blessed memorie the King of learned and Learnings kings manifested so much fauour as to make it Ordinarie of his Bed chamber where vpon occasion of those later Volumes then presented he questioned the difference and professed freely that he had read this worke seuen times giuing thereof a present testimonie in his learned discourse and censure No lesse did hee promise touching the Pilgrimes which he made his Nightly taske till God called him by fatall sicknesse to a better Pilgrimage and of a more enduring Kingdome euen the last day in which that Sunne yeelded his present rayes to this Citie sending an Honourable messenger with a fauourable message of his gentle approbation and incouragement Such a testimonie is a King of Testimonies and no lesse reward to the Author then commendation of the Worke to his worthy Heire and to all English Readers Once it hath produced this my present aduenture on your Maiestie being otherwise ambitious that as my selfe so all mine may there acknowledge subiection and reference I might adde also that some Additions here inserted had more fitly beene ranked in those Pilgrime files which in more speciall proprietie attended your Royall standerd And although these times seeme more to sauour of Armes then to fauour Arts inter arma silent Musae yet Our Muse is not of the softer socke but more Masculine an armed Pallas not bred in Poeticall mysterie but borne a reall Historie containing actions factions fractions of Religions and States through the whole World of Place and Time not nicer effeminate fictions of idle-busie fancifull braines Howeuer may it please your Maiestie to accept his wel-intended indeuours who hath borrowed of thousands to furnish this one Worke of and to the World and to admit the Pilgrimes heartie acclamation of ioy ioy to Your happie Inauguration with prayers that the vertuous goodnesse of King IAMES may be succeeded and exceeded in the greatnesse and vertues of Great Britaines Great Charles AMEN Your vnworthy Subiect Samuel Purchas TO THE MOST REVEREND FATHER IN GOD GEORGE BY THE DIVINE PROVIDENCE LORD Archbishop of CANTERBVRIE Primate of all ENGLAND and Metropolitane one of his Maiesties most Honourable Priuie Councell ABoue thirteene yeeres are passed since first your Graces auspicious name graced the Frontispice of this Pilgrimage which promising the World and her Religions in foure Parts hath onely and that foure times performed One. And as a late Queene ambitious of Souereigntie to all her Sonnes found the Mathematicians which had foretold it true but her hopes false that falling out by fatall succession in one Kingdom which shee had exspected and indeuoured in diuers so hath this our First-borne with successiue improuements beene so often the sole heire and successor to himselfe Now the Fourth time doth this Pilgrimage glory in your Graces benediction and although my trauelling braine hath not beene deliuered of those promised Pilgrimages yet bath it by a strange superfaetation procreated lately presented to kisse your Graces hand foure twins of Pilgrimes which did not indeede formally pay the former debt yet presumed to yeeld that which should bee as vsefull to the World in the knowledge of her remoter parts These issues exhausting their Parents procreatiue powers his hastned age expects exacts Rest for the rest and now for This hauing been often quarelled for forcing men by frequent Additions in later Editions to renew their purchase of Purchas his renewed Pilgrimage though he durst not bestow a Childs portion on it yet would he not send it forth without a Fathers blessing The Three Treatises annexed had found fitter place with my Pilgrimes had they then comne to my hands but their rarities merit a place yea a welcome in what place soeuer For the Author if his reiterated paines if his here borrowing of aboue thirteene hundred Authors of one or other kind in I know not how many hundreths of their Epistles Treatises and Relations if his weekly redoubled cares of the Pulpit daily and howerly of a weak body and not strong family if the Argument it selfe being of Religions though irreligious to a most Reuerend and religious Prelate if the worlds approbation pressing it to so often view and censure if None of these if All of them may not excuse so often resumed presumption on your Grace yet is he forced by necessarie dutie and the sum of all duties Thankefulnes Yea this I am sure will be full excuse if not commendation of that which I haue foure times obtruded the testimonie of our late deceassed Soueraine of happie memorie the King of literature also King IAMES who shewing me it by him in his Bed-chamber said that he had read it seuen times Whereto if I should adde his iudicious questions of diuers particulars therein his ready and milde satisfaction his ample commendation copious discourse piercing wit admirable memory gentle affabilitie I might seeme to some emulous carpers to magnifie my self in relating that truth which rather indeede doth illustrate to all posteritie his worth then my worthinesse God and Gods greatest Vicegerents delighting rather to shew Grace then to admit Plea of Merit It pleased his Maiestie to enquire further of the different scope of my Pilgrimage my then presented Pilgrims which here also for the Readers sake I think
where on the weeke dayes they cannot haue occasion or company for publique prayers therfore if they read only the Seruice on holy dayes and neuer studie for more which I would it were not the idle practise of some euen the Heathen shall rise vp in iudgement against them I subscribe with hand and practice to our Liturgie but not to such Lethargie whose darkenesse is so much the more intollerable in this Sun-shine of the Gospell wherein wee haue a gracious King so diligent a frequenter of Sermons and Reuerend Bishops notwithstanding other their weighty Ecclesiasticall employments yet diligent Preachers The studious of Geographie may somewhat be helped in that kinde not that we intend an exact Geographie in mentioning euery Citie with the degrees of Longitude and Latitude but yet limiting euery Countrie in his true situation and bounds and performing happily more then some which take vpon them the title of Geographers as their chiefe profession and more then any which I know hath done in our language He which admireth and almost adoreth the Capuchine Iesuite or other Romanists for selfe-inflicted whippings fastings watchings vowes of obedience pouertie and single life and their not sparing their limmes and liues for their will-worships may see in all these the Romanists equalled by Heathens if not out-stripped euen by the reports of the Iesuites and other their Catholiques Bodily exercise profiteth little but Godlinesse is profitable vnto all and hath the promise of this life and that which is to come Here also the Reader may see most of their Popish Rites deriued out of Chaldean Egyptian and other Fountaines of Paganisme as in the later taske we shall haue more occasion to shew Heere euery English man may see cause to praise God continually for the light of his truth communicated to vs whereas it is in comparison but a small part of the World that soundeth the sacred name of Iesus and of those that professe it how infinit are the sects and superstitions God hath shewed his Word vnto our IACOB THE DEFENDER OF HIS FAITH his Statutes and his Iudgements vnto this ISRAEL of Great Brittaine Hee hath not dealt so with euery Nation neither haue the Heathen nor scarcely if scarcely any other Christian Nation so much knowledge of his iudgements And yet how seditious are some how prophane are others how vnthankfull the most That beastly Sinne of Drunkennesse that biting Sinne of Vsurie that Deuillish Sinne of Swaggering ruffling in deformitie of clothes like monstrous Chimaeras and barking out a multiformitie of oathes like hellish Cerberi as if men could not be Gallants vnlesse they turned Deuils These are the paiments wee returne vnto the Lord in stead of prayers for and loyaltie to his Maiestie peaceablenesse and charitie to each others modestie and sobrietie in our selues For the forme I haue sought in some places with varietie of phrase in all with varietie of matter to draw thee along with mee in this tedious Pilgrimage Some names are written diuersly according to the differing Copies which I followed which thy discretion will easily conceiue I doe not in euery question set downe my censure sometimes because it were more then needes sometimes because of the difficultie I mention Authors sometimes of meane quality for the meanest haue sence to obserue that which themselues see more certainly then the contemplations and Theorie of the more learned I would also acknowledge the labour of the meanest I haue laboured to reduce Relations to their first Authors setting their names to their Allegations the want whereof hath much troubled mee whilst the most leaue out their Authors as if their owne assertion were sufficient authoritie in things borrowed I haue to my great paines contracted and Epitomized whole Volumes and some very large into one Chapter a thing vsuall through these Relations Where I haue found plentifull discourse for Religion my chiefe aime I am shorter in other Relations and where I haue had lesse helpes for that discouerie I insist more on the wonders of Nature and discoueries by Sea and Land with other remarkeable accidents These Rarities of Nature I haue sometimes suted in a differing phrase and figure of speech not that I affect a fantasticall singularitie but that these Diuine workes might appeare in Robes if not fitting their Maiestie yet such as our Word-Robe did willingly without any great affectation or studie affoord not without example of the Scripture which vseth to bring in the mute Creatures speaking and performing as it were other personall offices nor without this effect to make the Reader stay a while with obseruation and wonder besides that variety of it selfe is delightsome If any mislike the fulnesse in some places and the barrennesse of words in others let them consider we handle a World where are Mountaines and Vallies fertile habitations and sandy desarts and others steps whom I follow hold me sometimes in a narrower way which elsewhere take more libertie I touch here and there a Controuersie both for illustration of Historie and in season and out of season to shew my affectation to the Truth Now if any man thinke that it were better these rotten bones of the passed and stinking bodies of the Present superstitions were buried then thus raked out of their graues besides that which hath beene said I answere That I haue sufficient example in the Scriptures which were written for our learning to the ends of the World and yet depaint vnto vs the vgly face of Idolatry in so many Countries of the Heathens with the Apostasies Sects and Heresies of the Iewes as in our first and second booke is shewed and the Ancient Fathers also Iustin Tertullian Clemens Irenaeus Origen and more fully Eusebius Epiphanius Philastrius and Augustine haue gone before vs in their large Catalogues of Heresies and false Opinions I appeale vnto any indifferent Reader for some not Readers nor indifferent I respect not whose Authoritie perhaps would be but indifferent if they must first win it by being Authors of so big I dare not say so great volumes if there be any either Idolatries or other impieties in this worke of mâ—ne expressed beyond theirs which heere out of the Scriptures are mentioned Stewes in the Temple humane Sacrifices to Moloch Tamuz his mourning Sodomites Incests with other fleshly worldly beastly Deuillish monstâ—â—s of iniquitie obtruded vnder Religions Sacred Mantle amongst the Amorites Egyptians and Iewes before the comming of Christ or greater darkenesse and more hellish then when the Light it selfe was made manifest and the Darknesse comprehended it not Herods butcheries Iudas his treacherie the blasphemies of the Scribes Priests and Pharises and the crucifying of the Sonne of God by men for men or since if as stinking loathsome monstrous abuses haue 〈◊〉 beene offered to the Christian Name in worse impostures and pollutions by the Nicholaitans and other incarnat Deuils recorded by those Fathers and other Ecclesiasticall Authors then any of those heere in this booke obserued to which if that which
Epiphanius hath written of the Gnostikes alone fully and particularly be considered all these Ethnike and Mahumetan superstitions would comparatiuely be iustified So true is that olde saying Corruptio optimi pessima and of the Truth it selfe Sodom and her daughters not comparable to Ierusalem with hers and of the iustest Iudge that it shall bee easier at the day of Iudgement for Those then These And what indeede doth more set forth the glory of Gods grace then in pardoning his power then in reforming his justice then in giuing men vp to such delusions Are not these the Trophees and glorious victories of THE CROSSE OF CHRIST that hath subuerted the Temples Oracles Sacrifices and Seruices of the Deuill And maist not thou see herein what Man is and thou thy selfe maist bee if God leaue thee to thy selfe Read therefore with prayses vnto GOD the Father of thy light and prayers for these Heathens that GOD may bring them out of the snare of the Deuill that Christ may be his saluation to the ends of the World And let me also obtaine thy prayers in this my Pilgrimage to be therein directed to the glorie of GOD and good of my Countrie Euen so LORD IESVS THE CONTENTS OF THE SEVERALL CHAPTERS AND PARAGRAPHS IN THESE BOOKES ENSVING ASIA THE FIRST BOOKE Of the first beginnings of the World and Religion and of the Regions and Religions of Babylonia Assyria Syria Phoenicia and Palestina CHAP. I. OF GOD One in Nature Three in Persons the FATHER SONNE and HOLY GHOST pag. 1 CHAP. II. Of the Creation of the World pag. 5 CHAP. III. Of Man considered in his first state wherein he was created and of Paradise the place of his habitation pag. 13 CHAP. IIII. Of the word Religion and of the Religion of our first Parents before the fall pag. 17 CHAP. V. Of the fall of Man and of Originall sin p. 21 CHAP. VI. Of the reliques of the Diuine Image after the fall whereby naturally men addict themselues vnto some Religion and what was the Religion of the World before the floud pag. 25 CHAP. VII Of the cause and comming of the Floud p. 30 CHAP. VIII Of the repeopling of the World and of the diuision of Tongues and Nations pag. 34 CHAP. IX A Geographicall Narration of the whole Earth in generall and more particularly of Asia pag. 39 CHAP. X. Of Babylonia the originall of Idolatrie and the Chaldaeans Antiquities before the Floud as Berosus hath reported them p. 44 CHAP. XI Of the City and Country of Babylon their sumptuous Wals Temples and Images pag. 47 CHAP. XII Of the Priests Sacrifices religious rites and customes of the Babylonians pag. 51 CHAP. XIII The Chaldaean and Assyrian Chronicle or computation of Times with their manifold alterations of Religions and Gouernment in those parts vntill our time pag. 59 CHAP. XIIII Of Niniue and other neighbouring Nations pag. 65 CHAP. XV. Of Syria and the ancient Religions there of the Syrià n Goddesse and her Rites at Hierapolis of the Daphnaean and other Syrian Superstitions pag. 67 CHAP. XVI Of the Syrian Kings and alteration in Gouernment and Religion in those Countries pag. 73 CHAP. XVII Of Phoenicia and of the Theologie and Religion of the ancient Phoenicians of their Arts and Inuentions pag. 76 CHAP. XVIII Of Palaestina and the first Inhabitants thereof the Sodomites Idumaeans Moabites Ammonites and Canaanites with others pag. 83 THE SECOND BOOKE Of the Hebrew Nation and Religion from the beginning thereof to our times CHAP. I. THe Preface of this Booke and a Description of the Region of Palaestina since called Iudaea and now Terra Sancta pag. 89 CHAP. II. OF the Hebrew Patriarches and their Religion before the Law also of their Law and Politie pag. 95 § I. Of the Patriarchs and Religion before the Law ibid. § II. Of the Law of Moses the twelue Tribes and of Proselytes pag. 96 § III. Of the Hebrew Polity and ciuill Gouernment pag. 97 § IIII. Of the Iewish Excommunications pag. 100 CHAP. III. OF the Religious places among the Israelites their Tabernacle Temples Synagogues pag. 101 CHAP. IIII. OF the Iewish computation of Time and of their Festiuall dayes pag. 105 CHAP. V. OF the Festiuall dayes instituted by God in the Law pag. 108 CHAP. VI. OF the Feasts and Fasts which the Iewes instituted to themselues with a Kalender of their Feasts and Fasts through the yeere as they are now obserued pag. 113 CHAP. VII OF the ancient Oblations Gifts and Sacrifices of the Iewes of their Tithes and of their Priests and persons Ecclesiasticall and Religious pag. 115 § I. Of their Oblations Gifts and Sacrifices ibid. § II. Of Tithes and their manner of Tithing pag. 116 § III. Of their Personall Offerings and of their and our Ecclesiasticall Reuenues pag. 119 § IIII. Of their first-borne Priests Leuites and other Religious persons pag. 121 CHAP. VIII OF the diuers Sects Opinions and Alterations of Religion amongst the Hebrewes pag. 123 § I. Of their ancient Diuisions and Idolatries ibid. § II. Of the Karraim and Rabbinists and of Hasidaei pag. 125 § III. Of the Pharises pag. 126 § IIII. Of the Sadduces pag. 129 § V. Of the Hessees pag. 130 § VI. Of the Scribes pag. 132 § VII Of many other Iewish Sects and Heresies pag. 133 CHAP. IX OF the Samaritans pag. 136 CHAP. X. THe miserable destruction and dispersion of the Iewes from the time of the desolation of their Citie and Temple to this day p. 140 § I. Of the destruction of the Iewes vnder Titus ibid. § II. Of the destruction of the Iewes vnder Adrian pag. 141 § III. Of other their false Christs and seducing Prophets pag. 143 § IIII. Of the miserable dispersions of the Iewes pag. 144 § V. Of the estate of the Iewes and their dispersed habitations in the time of Ben. Tudelensis pag. 146 § VI. Of some Iewes lately found in China and of their late accidents in Germany pag. 150 § VII Of the Iewes sometimes liuing in England collected out of ancient Records by Master Iohn Selden of the Inner Temple pag. 151 CHAP. XI A Chronologie of the Iewish Historie from the beginning of the World briefly collected pag. 153 CHAP. XII OF the Iewish Talmud and the composition and estimation thereof also of the Iewish learned men their succession their Cabalists Masorites their Rabbines Vniuersities Students Rabbinicall Creations their Scriptures and the Translations of them pag. 155 § I. Of the Talmud ibid. § II. Of the ancient Iewish Authors and their Cabalists pag. 161 § III. Of the Rabbines the Rites of their Creation the Iewish Vniuersities and Students pag. 164 § IIII. Of the Scriptures and their Interpretations pag. 168 CHAP. XIII OF the Moderne Iewes Creed or the Articles of their Faith with their interpretation of the same and their Affirmatiue and Negatiue Precepts pag. 170 § I. Of their Creed ibid. § II. Of the Negatiue Precepts expounded by the Rabbines pag. 174 § III. Of their Affirmatiue Precepts pag.
Kingdome Kings and City of Marocco ibid. § II. Of the Kings of the Seriffian Family p. 695 § III. Of the ciuill Wars in Barbary and of some other parts of that Kingdome pag. 697 CHAP. XII OF the Arabians populations and depopulations in Afrike and of the Naturall Africans and of the beginnings and proceedings of the Mahumetan Superstition in Africa of the Portugals Forces and Exploits therein pag. 701 CHAP. XIII OF Biledulgerid and Sarra otherwise called Numidia and Libya pag. 706 CHAP. XIIII OF the Land of Negros pag. 709 § I. Of the Riuer Niger Gualata Senaga and Guinea ibid. § II. Obseruations of those parts out of Cadamosta and other ancient Nauigators pag. 712 § III. Other obseruations of later Times by Engglishmen and others pag. 715 § IIII. Of the Marriages Manners Religion Funerals Gouernment and other Rites of the Guineans collected out of a late Dutch Authour pag. 717 § V. Obseruations of the Coast and Inland Countries out of Barrerius and Leo and of the cause of the Negroes blacknesse pag. 721 THE SEVENTH BOOKE Of Aethiopia and the African Ilands and of their RELIGIONS CHAP. I. OF Aethiopia Superior and the Antiquities thereof pag. 725 § I. Of the name and diuision of Aethiopia ibid. § II. Of the Nations neere the falls of Nilus and of Meroe pag. 727 CHAP. II. A Continuation of the Aethiopian Antiquities and of the Queene of Saba p. 730 CHAP. III. OF Presbyter Iohn and of the Priest-Iohns in Asia whether that descended of these pag. 734 CHAP. IIII. RElations of the Aethiopian Empire collected out of Aluares Bermudesius and other Authors pag 738 CHAP. V. RElations of Aethiopian rarities collected out of Frier Luys a Spanish Authour pag. 743 § I. Of the Hill Amara ibid. § II. His liberall reports of the Library and incredible Treasures therein pag. 744 § III. Of the Princes of the bloud there kept and of the Election of the Emperour pag. 745 § IIII. Of their Schooles and Cities pag. 747 CHAP. VI. RElations of Aethiopia by Godignus and other Authors lately published seeming more credible pag. 749 § I. The seuerall Countries of Abassia their Scituation Inhabitants Riuers and Lakes ibid. § II. Of the Soile Fruits Creatures Seasons and Climate pag. 750 § III. Of their Customes in Priuate Life and Publike Gouernment and their late Miseries pag. 751 § IIII. Of the Sabaeans and their Queene which visited Salomon pag. 753 CHAP. VII OF other Countries betweene the Red Sea and Benomotapa pag. 754 § I. Of Adel Adea Zanzibar Melinde ibid. § II. The Portugals Exploits in Mombaza and of the Imbij pag. 755 § III. Of Quiloa Sofala and Ophir pag. 756 § IIII. Of Monoemugi the Moores Baduines Caphars in these parts pag. 757 CHAP. VIII OF Benomotapa and the parts adioyning pag. 759 § I. Of the Empire of Monomotapa ibid. § II. Of Caphraria the Cape of Good Hope and Soldania pag. 761 CHAP. IX OF the Kingdome of Congo and the other Kingdoms and Nations adioyning p. 765 § I. Of Angola ibid. § II. Of Congo pag. 766 § III. Of their Heathenish Rites also of their strange Trees and of the I le Loanda pag. 768 CHAP. X. OF Loango the Anzichi Giachi and the great Lakes in those parts of the World pag. 770 § I. Of Loango ibid. § II. Of the Anzigues pag. 772 § III. Of the Giacchi or Iagges ibid. § IIII. Of the Lakes and Riuers in these parts of Africa pag. 773 CHAP. XI OF the Seas and Ilands about Africa the ancient and moderne obseruations Nauigations and Discoueries pag. 775 § I. Of the Red Sea and why it is so called ibid. § II. Of the chiefe Townes and Ilands in the Red Sea pag. 777 § III. Of Socotora Madagascar and other Ilands on the Easterne Coast of Africa pag. 778 CHAP. XII OF the Ilands of Africa from the Cape hitherwards pag. 781 § I. Of Saint Helena Thomee Cape de Verd and diuers others betwixt them and of the Weeds and Calmes of those Seas ibid. § II. Of the Canaries Madera and Porto Santo pag. 783 § III. Extracts taken out of the obseruations of the Right Worshipfull Sir Edmund Scory Knight of the Pike of Tenariffe and other Rarities which he obserued there pag. 784 § IIII. Of Malta and the Nauigations about Africa pag. 788 AMERICA THE EIGHTH BOOKE Of New France Virginia Florida New Spaine with other Regions of America Mexicana and of their Religions CHAP. I. OF the New World and why it is named America and the West Indies with certaine generall Discourses of the Heauens Ayre Water and Earth in those parts pag. 791 § I. Of the names giuen to this part of the World and diuers opinions of the Ancients concerning the Torrid Zone ibid. § II. Of the nature of Metals in generall of Gold Siluer Quicksiluer and the plentie and Mines thereof in America pag. 795 CHAP. II. OF the first Knowledge Habitation and Discoueries of the New World and the rare Creatures therein found Beasts Birds Trees Herbs and Seeds pag. 798 § I. Whether the Ancients had any knowledge of America and whence the Inhabitants first came ibid. § II. Of Christopher Colon or Columbus his first Discouerie and three other Voyages pag. 801 § III. Of the Beasts Fowles and Plants in America pag. 804 CHAP. III. OF the Discoueries of the North parts of the New World and toward the Pole and of Greene Land or New Land Groen-Land Estotiland Meta incognita and other places vnto New France pag. 807 § I. Of the Discoueries made long since by Nicolo and Antonio Zeni ibid. § II. Discoueries made by Sebastian Cabot Cortregalis Gomes with some notes of Groenland pag. 809 § III. Discoueries by Sir Martin Frobisher pag 811 § IIII. Discoueries by Iohn Dauis George Weymouth and Iames Hall to the North-west pag. 813 § V. Of King IAMES his New-land alias Greene-land and of the Whale and Whale-fishing pag. 814 § VI. Of Hudsons Discoueries and death pag. 817 § VII Of Buttons and Baffins late Discoueries pag. 819 CHAP. IIII. OF New-found-land Noua Francia Arambec and other Countries of America extending to Virginia pag. 821 § I. English Discoueries and Plantations in New-found-land ibid. § II. The Voyages and obseruations of Iaques Cartier in Noua Francia pag. 823 § III. Late Plantations of New France and Relations of the Natiues pag. 825 CHAP. V. OF Virginia pag. 828 § I. The Preface Sir Walter Raleighs Plantation and the Northerne Colonie ibid. § II. Of the Southerne Plantation and Colonies and many causes alleaged of the ill successe thereof at the first pag. 831 § III. Of the Soyle People Beasts Commodities and other obseruations of Virginia pag. 834 § IIII. Of the present estate of Virginia and the English there residing pag 836 CHAP. VI. OF the Religion and Rites of the Virginians pag. 838 § I. Of the Virginian Rites related by Master Hariot pag. ibid. § II. Obseruations of their Rites by Captaine Smith and others pag. 839 §
life which without such stay should haue beene immortall the vse whereof was after granted rather to supply necessitie when the Floud had weakened the Earth then to minister a greater abundance then before it had and least of all to satisfie the greedie and curious appetites of more then beastly men Liberall and bountifull was GODS allowance which yet as man abused in eating the forbidden fruit so whether any sinfull man did transgresse by eating the flesh of beasts as iniquity increased it is vncertaine And yet it is likely that when the Earth was filled with crueltie as men escaped not beastly butcherie so beasts escaped not butcherly inhumanitie and men that stay not now for commission to eate mans flesh would then much lesse aske leaue to feed on beasts Then did the godly Patriarchs liue many hundred yeares without such food whereas now we reach not to one with this helpe that I speake not of those which by abuse hereof are as cruell to themselues in shortning their dayes by surfets as to the Creatures making their bellies to become Warrens Fish-pooles Shambles and what not saue what they should bee Had not Man beene Deuillish in sinning hee had not beene beastly in feeding nay the beasts had abhorred that which now they practise both against their Lord and their fellow-seruants The Wolfe should haue dwelt with the Lambe the Leopard should haue lyon with the Kid and the Calfe and the Lyon and the fat Beast together and a little Childe might leade them And this in the time of the Floud appeared when all of them kept the peace with each other and dutifull allegeance to their Prince in that great Family and little moueable World Noahs Arke The place of Adams dwelling is expressed by MOSES And the Lord GOD planted a Garden East-ward in Eden and there he put the man whom hee had made Genes 2.8 Maruell it is to see the confusion which sinne bringeth which appeareth not onely in the bodie soule dyet and other Prerogatiues of our first Parents but in this place also then a place of pleasure a Paradise and Garden of delights after a place prohibited and kept by the blade of a Sword shaken now the place cannot bee found in Earth but is become a common place in mens braines to macerate and vexe them in the curious search hereof Some doe conuert this History into an Allegory as did the Manichees and the Originists confuted by Methodius as Epiphanius witnesseth Hierome in Dan. 10. saith that seeking for shadowes in the truth they ouer-turne the Truth it selfe Vmbras imagines in veritate quaerentes ipsam conantur euertere veritatem vt flumina arbores Paradisum putent Allegoriae legibus se debere subruere Such Mysticall Mist-all and Misse-all Interpreters are our Familists in these times by vnseasonable and vnreasonable Allegories raysing mysts ouer the Scripture-sense which thereby they misse and cannot find Augustine relateth three opinions that Allegoricall which he confuteth the literall and that which followeth both the one and the other as himselfe doth The Hermians and Seleucians are said to denie that there was any such place and the naked Adamites accounted their Church to be Paradise Others are as prodigall ascribe hereunto all the Earth which was a Paradise till sinne brought in a Curse Thus holdeth Wolfgangus Wissenburg Goropius also Vadianus are of like minde That mans exile was but the alteration of their happy cōdition that the fiery sword was the fiery Zone A great while it went for currant that it was a pleasant Region by a long tract of Sea and Land separated from our habitable World and lifted vp to the Circle of the Moone whereby it was out of the reach of Noahs floud as truly perhaps as Patricius and others haue found another World in the Moone with men and beasts therein of greater stature and longer life then here with vs Thus hath Petrus Comestor and Strabus and many Trauellers in old times haue trauelled with this conceit of their Fooles Paradise and brought forth a lie as appeareth by their Legends That Saint Brandon sayled thither from Ireland is as true as that he met Iudas in the way released from his paines as he was alway from Saturday to Sunday Euen-song or that they made fire on a fish supposing it to bee an Iland as that Legend telleth It should seeme the Man in the Moone called him and shewed him the way to this Paradise or that Dinias which according to the Relations of Antonius Diogenes trauelling beyond Thule went so farre North that hee came to the Moone which seemed a shining Earth where he saw many strange sights as credible as the former or else great Lucifer himselfe who as a later Traueller reporteth hath lately bequeathed a Lieutenancie to Ignatius and his Colony of Iesuites in the New Hell in that New-found-World of the Moone the care of the foundation whereof he committeth to that Iebusiticall societie But let vs descend from this Lunaticke Paradise Others place it Eastward in the highest top of the Earth where the foure Riuers mentioned by Moses haue their originall whence they runne and are swallowed vp of the Earth and after rising in diuers places of the World are knowne by the names of Nilus Ganges Tigris Euphrates Hugo de S. Victore and Adrichomius are of this opinion yea the great Cardinall Caretane and Bellarmine place Henoch and Elias in Earthly Paradise yet liuing there vntill the time of Antichrist which wood he cannot see beeing in the middest of it for Trees But the discouery of the World by Trauellers 〈◊〉 description thereof by Geographers will not suffer vs to follow them to the want of which Art I meane Geographie such fantasies may be imputed whereby also is confuted the opinion of them which place it vnder the Equinoctiall Circle as Durandus and Bonauentura Others account so much to Paradise as those foure Riuers doe water euen the chiefe part of Afrike and Asia and some confine it in streighter limits of Syria Arabia and Mesopotamia as if Adam had been so couetous as his Posteritie or so laborious as to husband so large Countries The false interpretation of those Riuers to bee Nilus Ganges c. was the cause of this errour the Septuagint translating in stead of Sichor which is Nilus Gihon the name of one of these streames Moses as it were of purpose by an exact Chorography and delineation of the situation doth meete with those errours and with other the like which I doe not here relate Neither is their opinion to be followed which drowne all altogether in the Deluge seeing that after that time Moses wrote this Franciscus Iunius in his readings on Genesis hath largely and learnedly handled this matter and added a Map also of Heden in which it stood and the course of the Riuers with the Countries adiacent In
that crueltie Some interprete Moloch and Remphan Act. 7. to bee the Sunne and Moone The Talmudists would perswade men that they did not burne their children in this Moloch-sacrifice but onely the father tooke his children and moued them to and fro thorow the fire none otherwise then at this time on Saint Iohn Baptists day when the Sunne passeth thorow Cancer children vse to leape thorow bone-fires But both Scripture and Heathen Authors write otherwise Moloch is also called Baal There was a valley neere Hierusalem sometime possessed by the sonne of Hinnom where the Hebrewes built a notorious high place to Moloch it was on the East and South part of the Citie It was also called Topheth or Tymbrell of that Tymbrell-rite which those Corribantes and bloudie Priests did vse or else for the spaciousnesse of it Ieremie prophecieth That it should be called the Valley of slaughter because of the iudgements for the idolatrous high places in it Vpon the pollution hereof by slaughter and burials it grew so execrable that Hell inherited the same name called Gehenna of this place first of the lownesse being a Valley secondly for the Fire which heere the children there the wicked sustaine thirdly because all the filth was cast out of the Citie hither it seemed they held some resemblance The Ammonites also were as Montanus affirmeth circumcised Canaan was the sonne of Cham Father of many Nations as Moses declareth Sidon and Heth Iebusi Emori Girgashai Hivi Arki Sini Aruadi Zemari Hamathi the most of which were expelled their Countrey slaine or made tributarie by the Israelites Their border was from Sidon to Gaza West and on the East side from Sodome to Lasha or Callyrrhoe Arrias Montanus is of opinion that according to the number of the twelue Tribes of Israel so were the people of Canaan and therefore to those eleuen before rehearsed he addeth their Father Canaan who left his name to them all and where he liued retained a part to himselfe betweene the Philistims and Amorites Of those his sonnes Sidon the eldest inhabited the Sea-coast and Eastward from him Heth vnto the hill Gilboa of him came the Hittites Iebus went further on the right-hand Emor inhabited the midland Countrey Westward from the Iebusites The Girgashite dwelt aboue the Hittite next to Iordan and the lake Chinereth so called because it resembleth the forme of a Harpe after called Gennezareth The Heuite or Hiuite inhabited betweene the Amorite and the Philistim The Arkite possessed the rootes of Libanus The Sinite dwelt beyond the Hittite Eastward neerer to Iordan Aruadi enioyed the Countrey next to the Wildernesse of Cades Zemari obtained the Hills called of him Semaraim The Hamathite possessed the Countrey nigh to the Fountaines of Iordan As For the most notable Mountaines and Cities which each of these Families enioyed they which will may reade further in the same Author Of these and their ancient Religions and Policies wee find little or nothing but in the Scripture where the Lord testifieth that for their sinnes the Land spued them out Some of them as some thinke fled into Africa where Augustine saith that the Countrey people inhabiting neere Hippon called themselues in their Punike Language Chanani Procopius in the fourth booke of the Vandale warre affirmeth That all the Sea-coast in those times from Sidon to Aegypt was called Phoenicia and that when Ioshua inuaded them they left their Countrey and fled into Aegypt there multiplied and pierced further into Africa where they possessed all that Tract vnto the Pillars of Hercules speaking halfe Phoenician They build the Citie Tinge or Tanger in Numidia where were two Pillars of white stone placed neere to a great Fountaine in which in the Phoenician tongue was ingrauen Wee are Canaanites whom IOSHVA the Thiefe chased away Which if it were so the name of Hercules might therefore bee ascribed to those Pillars as accounted the chiefe Phoenician Idoll Philo or the Author of those fabulous Antiquities sayth That the Israelites found among the Amorites seuen golden Images called Nymphes which as Oracles directed them in their affaires and wrought wonders the worke of Canaan Phut Selah Nebroth Elath Desvat of admirable workmanship yeelding light in the night by vertue of certaine stones which could not by mettall be broken or pierced or be consumed by fire but must needs haue an Angell to burie them in the depth of the Sea and there let them lie This people was not vtterly at once destroyed but sometime as in the dayes of Iabin and Sisera conquered their Conquerors and retayned some power and name of a People till the times of Dauid who destroyed the Iebusites and dwelt in the Fort of Sion calling it after his owne name The Citie of Dauid And in the dayes of Salomon Pharao King of Aegypt tooke and burnt Gezer and slue the Cauaanites that dwelt in the Citie and gaue it for a present to his daughter Salomons wife And all the people that were left of the Amorites Hittites Perizzites Hiuites and Iebusites whom the children of Israel were not able to destroy those did Salomon make tributaries vnto this day 1. King 9.16 20 21. The posteritie of these seruants of Salomon are mentioned among the Israelites which returned from the Babylonian Captiuitie and accrued into one People with them OF THE HEBREW NATION AND RELIGION FROM THE BEGINNING THEREOF TO OVR TIMES THE SECOND BOOKE CHAP. I. The Preface of this Booke and à Description of the Region of Palaestina since called Iudaea and now Terra Sancta IN the former Booke we haue traced the foot-steps of Religion following Her in Her wanderings from the Truth and Her selfe through diuers Nations till we came into this Land sometime flowing with Milke and Hony whose first inhabitants we last tooke view of The Hebrewes were by the Soueraign Lord of all made heires of their labours and possessed both their place and wealth Houses and Cities which they builded not Vineyards which they planted not and which is more these were a type vnto them of the true and heauenly Countrey which not by their merits but by the meere mercy of the Promiser they should enioy These did GOD choose of all the Kindreds of the Earth to make vnto himselfe a Kingdome of Priests a holy Nation and his chiefe treasure aboue all people though all the Earth be his He made them the Keepers of his Oracles bestowing on them the Adoption and the Glorie and the Couenants and the giuing of the Law and the Seruice of God and the Promises of whom were the Fathers and of whom concerning the flesh Christ came who is God ouer all blessed for euer Amen These things were not onely communicated but appropriated to them He shewed his Word vnto IACOB his Statutes and his Iudgements vnto ISRAER He dealt not so with any Nation neither had the Heathen knowledge of his Lawes hee was their prerogatiue and
to all the antient Iewes which would seeme better then their fellowes and not only obserued of the Pharises Essees and Hemerobaptists if such a Sect may be added At this time in Palestina many doe it not once but often in the day The Mahumetans obserue it The Iewes as a Iew hath written were so zealous herein that they would not eate with him that did eate with vnwashed hands and one of their holy men being inuited by such an host rose vp and went his way alleaging to him when he would haue recalled him that he must not eate the bread of him which had an euill eye and besides his meate was vncleane The Priests when they kept their courses in the Temple abstained from Wine and ate not of the Tithes before they had washed their whole body The Pharises and Essees composed themselues to this sanctitie the greater part of the Pharises and all the Essees abstained from Wine and both vsed daily washings especially before they ate And as many Heretikes professing themselues Christians retained many things of Iudaisme so these Hemerobaptists learned them this daily washing It seemeth by him that these were Christian rather then Iewish Heretikes And so were the Nazaraeans also which some reckon among the Iewish Sects who embraced the Gospell of Christ but would not relinquish their Iudaisme vnlesse wee say with Hierome that whiles they would be both Iewes and Christians they were neither Iewes nor Christians These Nazaraeans or Nazoraeans Scaliger affirmeth were meere Karraim Scripture Iewes but because of their obstinacie in the Law the first Councell of the Apostles determined against them As for the Nazarites of the old Testament Moses describeth them and their obseruations not to cut their haire not to drinke wine strong drinke c. Such was Sampson But these could be no Sect holding in euery thing the same doctrine with the Iewes and onely for a time were bound by vow to these Rites But for those Nazaraeans Epiphanius maketh them a Iewish Sect not without cause if such were their opinions as he describeth them Their dwelling was beyond Iordan in Gilead and Bashan as the fame goeth saith he by Nation Iewes and by obseruing many things like to the Iewes Herein they differed They did not eate any thing which had life they offered not sacrifice for they counted it vnlawful to Sacrifice or to eate flesh They disallowed the fiue books of Moses they indeed confessed Moses and the Fathers by him mentioned and that he had receiued the Law not this yet which is written but another Philastrius saith they accepted the Law and Prophets but placed all righteousnesse in carnall obseruation and nourishing the haire of their heads placed therein all their vertue professing to imitate Sampson who was called a Nazarite from whom the Pagans afterwards named their valiant men Hercules Next to these doth Epiphanius place the Ossens dwelling in Ituraea Moab and beyond the Salt or Dead Sea to these one Elixai in the time of Traian ioyned himselfe hee had a brother named Iexai Scaliger here and euery where acute saith that the Essens and Ossens are the same name as being written with the selfe-same Hebrew Letters differing onely in pronunciation as the Abyssynes pronounce Osrael Chrostos for Israel Christus And the Arabian Elxai and his brother Iexai were not proper names but the appellation of the Sect it selfe as hee proueth But they agreed not so well in profession as in name with the Essens for they were but an issue of those ancient Essens holding some things of theirs others of their owne as concerning the Worship of Angels reproued by the Apostles Coloss 2.21 In which the Essens and Ossens agreed and other things there mentioned Touch not taste not handle not and in worshipping of the Sunne whereof they were called Sampsaeans or Sunners Sun-men as Epiphanius interpreteth that name Those things wherein they differed were brought in by that Innouator who of this his Sect was called Elxai He was saith Epiphanius a Iew he ordained Salt and Water and Earth and Bread and Heauen and the Skie and the Winde to be sworne by in Diuine worship And sometimes he prescribed other seuen witnesses Heauen and Water and Spirits and the holy Angels of Prayer and Oyle and Salt and Earth He hated continencie and enioyned marriage of necessitie Many imaginations he hath as receiued by reuelation He teacheth Hypocrisie as in time of persecution to worship Idols so as they keepe their Conscience free And if they confesse any thing with their mouth but not in their heart Thus ancient is that Changeling Aequiuocation He bringeth his Author one Phineas of the stock of the ancienter Phineas the sonne of Eleazar who had worshipped Diana in Babylon to saue his life His followers esteeme him a secret vertue or power Vntill the time of Constantine Marthus and Marthana two women of his stocke remained in succession of his honour and were worshipped in that Countrey for gods because they were of his seede Marthus died a while since but Marthana still liueth Their spittle and other excrements of their body those Heretikes esteemed and reserued for Reliques to the cure of diseases which yet preuayled nothing He mentioneth Christ but it is vncertaine whether he meaneth the Lord Iesus Hee forbids praying to the East-ward and bids turne towards Ierusalem from all parts He detesteth Sacrifices as neuer offered by the Fathers He denieth the eating of flesh among the Iewes and the Altar and Fire as contrarie to God but water is fitting He describeth Christ after his measure foure and twentie Schaem in length that is foure-score and sixteene miles and the fourth part thereof in breadth to wit six Schaeni or foure and twentie miles besides the thicknesse and other fables He acknowledgeth a holy Ghost but of the female sexe like to Christ standing like a statue aboue the Clouds and in the midst of two mountains He bids none should seeke the interpretation but only say these things in prayer words which he had taken out of the Hebrew tongue as in part we haue found His prayer is this Abar anid moib nochiel daasim ani daasim nochile moib anid abar selam Thus Epiphanius relates it and thus construes I cannot say expoundeth although they like our deuout Catholiques needed no exposition Let the humilitie passe from my Fathers of their condemnation and conculcation and labour the conculcation in condemnation by my Fathers from the humility passed in the Apostleship of perfection Thus was Elxai with his followers opinionate otherwise Iewish Epiphanius speakes of his Sect else where often as when he mentioneth the Ebonites and the Sampsaeans This booke both the Ossees and Nazoraeans and Ebionites vsed The Sampsaeans had another booke they said of his brothers They acknowledge one God and worship him vsing certaine washings Some of them abstaine from liuing creatures and they will die for Elxai his posteritie
insert out of this Iew because I know none other Author that can acquaint vs with the State of Bagded in the time of her chiefe flourishing before it was destroyed by the Tartars Thus haue wee giuen you a Chronographicall view of the ancient Chaliphaes with their first and greatest Conquests omitting the lesser and later as in the yeere 807. in Sardinia and Corsica in 826. in Creete 843. in Sicil and presently after in Italy ouer-running Tuscan and burning the Suburbes of Rome it selfe with the Churches of Peter and Paul 845. the next yeere in Illyria Dalmatia besides the taking of Ancona in 847. chased by Pope Leo from Ostia These with other their affaires of warre in Lucania Calabria Apulia at Beneuentum Genua Capua which Cities they tooke I passe ouer After this great bodie grew lubberly and vnweldie it fell vnder the weight of it selfe none so much as the Saracens ouerthrowing the Saracens as their Sects and Diuisions make plaine Neuerthelesse this dis-ioyning and disioynting notwithstanding their Religion euen still couereth a great part of the world For besides the triumphing sword of the Turke Persian Mogore Barbarian and other Mahumetan Princes such is the zeale of the superstitious Mahumetan that in places furthest distant this their Religion hath beene preached which they trade together with their Marchandize euen from the Atlantike Ocean vnto the Philippinaes It hath sounded in China it hath pierced Tartaria and although the name of Christian extendeth it selfe into so many Sects and Professions in the Countries of Asia Afrike and America besides Europe almost wholly Christians yet it is hard to say whether there bee not as many Disciples and Professors of this ridiculous and impious deuotion as of all those which giue their names to Christ in whatsoeuer Truth or Heresie Master Brerewood accounteth the Mahumetans more then the Christians in proportion of sixe to fiue Thus hath the Field and the Church stooped to Mahomet wee may adde more Saul among the Prophets learning hath flourished among the Mahumetans at first vnlearned and rude but enemies to learning in others Yea they sought to propagate their impious Mahometrie and extirpate the Christian truth by that pollicie of Iulian prohibiting all learning to their Christian subiects Such a decree of Abdalla A. 766. is recited by Theophanes When the Kings of Africa possessed Spaine they founded Vniuersities both at Marocco it is Scaligers report and in Spaine allowing yeerely stipends to the Professors And in those times was great ignorance of good learning in the Latine Church when good Disciplines flourished exceedingly amongst the Muhammedans Yea whatsoeuer the Latines writ after the industrie of the Arabians had acquainted them with their ignorance is wholly to be ascribed to the Arabians both their Philosophie Physicke and Mathematikes For they had no Greeke Author which was not first translated into Arabike and thence into Latine as Ptolomey Euclide and the rest till Constantinople being taken by the Turkes the Greeke Exiles brought vs backe to the Fountaines Iohn Leo testifies that many ancient Authors and great volumes are amongst them translated out of the Latine which the Latines themselues haue lost But now the Muhammedans are growne artlesse in Africa only in Constantinople may good Arabike Persian works be gotten by the helpe of the Iewes Lud. Viues saith That they translated Arabike out of the Latine but he was not so well able to iudge therof although he rightly ascribeth the corrupting of Arts to vnskilful translations and sheweth the difference of Abenrois or Auerrois his Aristotle as the Latins haue him from the Greeke But his inuectiue is too bitter in condemning all the Arabians as vnlearned doting and sauouring more of the Alcoran then of Art and the Spaniard might beare some grudge to that Nation which so many hundred yeeres had spoyled Spaine still leauing the fourth part of the Spanish Language as Scaliger testifieth thereof Arabike in monument of their Conquest Of their learned men were Auicen Auerrois Auempace Algazel c. Philosophers Mesue Rasis and many other Physicians and Astrologers mentioned in the Chronicles of Zacuthi Leo and Abilfada Ismael Geographers Cairaon Bagded Fez Marocco Corduba c. were Vniuersities of Saracen students But now Learning and Schooles are decayed and ruined euen as at first also it was amongst some of them little countenanced as appeareth by that Hagag in the 96. yeere of the Hegira who being Gouernor or King of Irak in his sicknesse consulted with an Astrologer Whether the Stars had told him of any Kings death that yeere he answered That a King should die but his name was Cani Whereupon Hagag remembring that at his birth his mother had imposed that name on him I shall die saith he but thou shalt go one houre before and presently caused his head to be smitten off An vnhappie Harbengership in regard of his Art an vnhappie Art which can better tell others Destinies then their owne But no maruell in Hagag who was fleshed in bloud that his Herodian Testament should bee thus bloudie who in his life had in that Median Prouince slaine an hundred and twentie thousand men besides fiftie thousand men and fourescore thousand women which perished in his imprisonments Baghdad which is also called Dar-assalam that is The Citie of Peace receiued that name of a Monke called Bachdad who as Ben-Casen writeth serued a Church builded in that Medow But Abu-Giapar Almansur the second Abassaean Chalipha who wanne it A. Heg. 150. named it Dar-assalam It is the Citie Royall of Mesopotamia now called Diarbecr which the said Almansur placed in a large Plaine vpon Tigris and diuided by the Riuer into two Cities ioyned by a Bridge of Boats This Citie built in this place Almansur ruled many yeeres and after him other Chaliphaes till the 339. yeere of the Hegira in which King Aadhd-eddaule and Saif-eddaule tooke it who with their Successours enioyed it till Solymus the Ottoman Emperour subdued and is now ruled by a Bascia with many Ianizaries But hereof Ahmad Abi Bacr of Bachdad in his Annals will shew you more This Citie is famous for Schooles of all Sciences both in former and the present time Here Ahmad Assalami a famous Poet wrote his Verses Here Alpharabius the renowned Philosopher and Physician borne at Farab in Turcomannia professed these studies publikely with great applause and leauing many of his Schollers in this Cities went to Harran of Mesopotamia where finding Aristotles Booke De Auditu hee read it fortie times and wrote vpon the Booke that he was willing againe to reade it Hence hee went to Damascus and there dyed A. H. 339. Thus Ben-Casem in his Booke De viridario Electorum Bochara is an ancient Citie vpon Euphrates in a Village belonging whereto Honain Ali Bensina whom the Latines call Auicenna was borne A. H. 370. Hee gaue himselfe to Physicke very young and was the first which became Physician to
by Alexander Ortelius esteemeth Derbent to be Caucasiae portae which Plinie calleth a mightie worke of Nature c. §. VI. Of the Circassians WEstward from hence is entrance into the Circassian Countrey extending it selfe on Meotis fiue hundred miles and within land two hundred Christians they are in profession from hence the Soldans of Egypt had their slaues of which were raised their Mamalukes Their chiefe Cities are Locoppa and Cromuco at the mouth of Tanais the Turke hath fortified Asaph They liue in great part on robberies In old time in this Tract was Phanagoria and therein the Temple of Venus surnamed Apaturia because that when the Gyants assaulted her she implored the aide of Hercules who slew them all one after another Cimmerium a Towne at these straits gaue name thereunto of Cimmerius Bosphorus But little can be said of these in particular more then generally may be said of the Scythians to whom they are reckoned Georgius Interianus hath written a Tractate of these Zychi or Circassi called of themselues Adiga expressing their vnchristian Christianitie and barbarous manner of liuing which I hold fittest in our discouerie of the diuers professions of Christian Religion to relate §. VII Of the Curdi SOme adde vnto Armenia in their moderne Maps and Discoueries besides the Turcomani a people that came thither out of Tartaria the Curdi both still retaining the Tartarian and Arabian manner of life in Tents without Cities Townes or Houses Their Religion halteth betwixt diuers Religions of the Turkes Persians and Christians of the Iacobite and Nestorian Sects In heart they are neither fast to GOD nor Man dissembling with the Persian and Turke and better skilled in robberie murther and faithlesse treacherie their daily practise then mysteries of Faith and Religion They are also Lords of Bitlis and some other Cities and Holds in those parts They are called Courdines by Sir Anthony Sherley who saith they know no other fruits of the earth but what belonged to the sustenance of their cattell vpon the milke butter and flesh of which they liue ruled by certaine Princes of their owne which giue partly an obedience to the Turke partly to the Persian as they are neerest the confines of the one or the other Yet in that simplicitie of liuing through ambition warres grow daily among them euen to the extirpation of a whole Nation As we found freshly when wee passed by one of their Princes called Hiderbeague all whose people were deuoured by the sword or carried away captiue by Coatheague and himselfe remained onely with some twentie soules in a Rocke Ten thousand of their Courdines subiect to the Turke abandoned their Countrey and requested some waste land to be giuen them by Abas the present Persian which gaue them entertainment one occasion of quarrell betwixt him and the Turke They are supposed to be a remnant of the ancient Parthians and neuer go abroad without their Armes Bowes Arrowes Scimitars and Bucklers euen when age seemeth to haue fastned one foot in the graue They adore and worship the Deuill that hee may not hurt them nor their cattell they are cruell to all sorts of Christians their Countrey is therefore called Terra Diaboli One of their Townes is named Manuscute a mile from which is an Hospitall dedicated to Saint Iohn Baptist much frequented as well by Turkes as Christians whom superstition hath perswaded that whosoeuer will bestow Kidde Sheepe or Money to releeue the poore of that place shall both prosper in his iourney and obtaine the forgiuenesse of his sinnes CHAP. II. Of the Medes ARmenia extending it selfe if Iustine haue measured rightly eleuen hundred miles on the East encountereth Media in which lieth our next perambulation It receiued the name of Madai the sonne of Iaphet not of Medus the sonne of Medea and Iason It limited on the North with the Caspian Sea on the South with Persia on the East with Parthia Ecbatana the chiefe Citie built as Plinie affirmeth by Seleucus indeed farre more ancient and by them happily reedified is distant from the Caspian straits twentie miles These Straits are a narrow way made by hand thorow the Hills scarce wide enough for a Cart to passe eight miles in length the Rocks manifesting their indignation at this interruption by obscure frownes and salt teares continually streaming from them which I know not by what sudden horror are presently congealed into Ice also all the Summer time armies of Serpents keeping the passages Well may this bee the house of Enuie so fitly doth that fable of the Poet agree with the nature of this place Domus est imis in vallibus huius Abdita lose carens non vlli peruia vento Tristis ignaui plenissima frigoris quae Igne vacet semper caligine semper abundet videt intus edentem Vipereas carnes vitiorum alimenta suorem INVIDIAM Of Ecbatana we reade in the Historie of Iudith that Arpachshad built the walls of hewen stones seuentie cubits high and fiftie cubits broad c. Herodotus affirmeth that after the Assyrians had raigned in Asia fiue hundred and twentie yeeres the Medes rebelled and chose Deioces to be their King and at his command builded him this Royall Citie and a Palace of great beautie the timber whereof was Cedar ioyned with plates of siluer and gold it was seuen furlongs in compasse his successours are there reckoned Phraortes Cyoxares Astyages Iustine reporteth that Arbactus or Arbaces Lieutenant of the Medes vnder Sardanapalus rebelled against him for his effeminate life and translated the Empire from the Assyrians with whom it had continued thirteene hundred yeeres to the Medes Diodorus Siculus addeth in this conspiracie vnto this Arbaces the Mede Belesus whom some call Phul Beloch the Babylonian who shared the state betwixt them the Babylonian possessing Babylonia and Assyria and Arbaces Media and Persia Of this more is said before In the time of Ninus Farnus saith Diodorus was King of Media who encountring with Ninus in battell was there taken with his wife and seuen sonnes all which the bloudie Conquerour commanded to be crucified And thus remained Media hand-maid to the Assyrians till the time of Sardanapalus but not without some disquiet For in Semiramis time the Medes rebelled and destroyed Nineue But Semiramis inuaded their Countrie with a mightie Armie and comming to the Hill Bagistanus sacred to Iupiter there pitched her Tents and in the plaine fields made a garden containing twelue furlongs Beyond the garden shee cut a Rocke seuenteene furlongs high grauing therein her owne Image and an hundred others bringing her gifts Some tell this otherwise that shee pourtrayed her owne Image in that huge quantitie and appointed an hundred Priests continually to attend the same with offerings and diuine worship At Chaona a Citie of Media shee espying another huge Rocke in the Plaine caused another Garden to bee made in the middest thereof with sumptuous houses
except one Suburb in the Peninsula to which men passe by a bridge of boats euery night dissolued for feare of the Arabs or stormes whence through the bountie of an Italian Merchant Sir Victorio Speciero they escaped for they were not vnsuspected with a Carauan of Persian Pilgrims wich came from Mecca Thirtie dayes they were on the way to the Confines and fifteene from thence to Casbin where they staied a moneth attending the Kings arriuall being in the meane time well vsed vpon conceit that the King would like well of their comming the people otherwise are ill in themselues and onely good by example of their King and strict obedience to him For of the ancient Persians there are few these being the posteritie of those which haue been here seated by the transplantations of Tamerlane and Ismael not to mention any more ancient out of other Countries The King himselfe by our Authors Relation in his vertues and gouernment is as if some Philosopher should discourse of what should be rather then an Historian declare what is as did Xenophon sometimes in his Cyrus Of those imputations of Paricide and ambition not a word His order of attaining the Crowne is thus reported The Persian custome being that onely the elder brother ruleth the rest are made blinde by burning basons hauing otherwise all contentments fit for Princes children when Xa-Tamas was dead without issue his brother so hee calleth him contrary to our former relations and to that of Mirkond the Persian which I more maruell at Xa-Codabent was called Blind to the Kingdome He had issue Sultan Hamzire Mirza the eldest who succeeded him and this present King called Abas The eldest in his fathers life time administred all things which blindnesse made the other vnfit for but Abas at twelue yeeres of age vnder the gouernment of Tutors held the Prouince of Yasde where the loue of the people made him suspected to his Father who secretly resolued his death Abas by his friends hearing it fled to Corasan a Tartar people on the East of Persia both by their religion and dependance Turkish and of themselues otherwise vnquiet and addicted to spoyle This King honoured Abas as his sonne His father soone after dying Sultan Hamzire succeeded who was forced to renew his truce with the Turk by reason of the rebellion of the Turcomans whom by force he subdued beheaded their Princes for his securitie slew twentie thousand of the ablest amongst them for the wars And then wholly bending his thoughts against the Turk was by treason slaine by his Barber His Princes Authors of this fact shared his State amongst them euery one making himselfe Lord of that Prouince which he gouerned vniting their resolutions against Abas whom also the Turke which had his hand in the businesse had vndertaken should bee kept still in Corazan Abas neuerthelesse so wrought that the King of Corazan dismissed him with three thousand horsemen to winne possession of that State which since hath deuoured the Tartars and is growne terrible to the Turke being no lesse in Extent then the Turke hath in Asia and better both peopled gouerned and deuoted to their Soueraigne But it was not easily atchieued In Sistane one of the neerest Prouinces hee was encountred with twenty thousand his troupes cut in pieces himselfe forced to flee to the mountaines where he liued three moneths vnknowen amongst the heardmen flitting vp and downe with tenne or twelue followers Wearie of this life hee determined to shew himselfe in Yasd his quondam Prouince which so well succeeded that numbers come flocking to him and Ferrat Can also a great Prince discontent with the present State no part of which had falne to him hauing at that time no Prouince in his gouernement when the King was slaine resorted to him with his brother and tenne thousand followers They were welcome but hee much more as a great Souldier and a wise Prince With these forces hee ouerthrew his neerest enemies which caused those of Shyras Asphaan Cassan assisted by the Kings of Gheylan and Mazandran to gather mighty forces In the meane time the Turkes armed at Tauris and the Prince of Hamadan hauing called in a strength of the Courdines was marching towards Casbin Thus beset with Armies hee leaueth Ferrat Can with Zulpher his brother and fiue thousand men in Casbin himselfe with the rest of his power marched towards the Can of Hamadan Now did Ferrat Can according to former agreement betweene the King and him professe himselfe altered from the Kings part and writeth to the Rebells offering to ioyne his strength with theirs and to mutinie the Kings Armie also which was lodged in the Mountaynes in shew to keepe the straits indeede to expect the euent Thus the Cans assembled at Casbin and after long deliberation concluded that it was needelesse and not safe to call in the Turkes forces and dispatched a messenger and present to the Bassa of Tauris to reserue his fauour till a time more needfull Hereof Ferrat sent word closely to the King and of a banquet which should bee at his house a few nights after where the Principalls of the Army should meet Hither Abas bid himselfe a guest posting thither with fiue thousand of his best horse which he disposed in the mountaine couered with Ferrats troupe expecting the appointed signe which being giuen late in the night when the whole company was heauie with wine and sleepe the King was receiued into the house with three hundred men where without any vprore he slew seuentie And at the breake of the day the Kings people made as great shouts noyse as if all the Army had bin there whereat the Alarme being giuen all betooke them to their armes repairing to Ferrats lodging to their Princes whose heads laced vpon a string were there presented to them out of a Tarras vpon which the King presently shewed himselfe with Ferrat Can Zulpher hauing his fiue thousand men ready in a troupe in the great place All these things together so amazed them that they thought the Kings pardon a high preferment which he freely granted both them and the succours sent thither by the Kings of Cheylan and Mazandran The reports hereof made Hamadans Armie to vanish and the King tooke order presently by new Cans for the gouernment of those parts Hee led his souldiers to Hisphaan giuing out that the treasures of the Kingdome were there layd vp by the Rebels a good policie to winne it which with as much pretended indignation he rased for fayling of his seeming hopes To satisfie his Souldiers better he led them against the Kings of Gheylan and Mazandran where the entrances by Nature difficult thorow the vnpassable woods and hilles were made easie by the reuolt of those to whom the charge of keeping the Straits was giuen whose liues Abas had before spared at Casbin The successe was the two Kings were slaine and the souldiers enriched with the spoyle of a Countrey exceeding fertile thus subdued
same discouery They landed in the Samogithians or Samoyeds Countrey and named a place because they there found Images carued of wood Idall nooke They gaue names to places long before discouered by the English as if they had beene the first founders They learned of certaine Muscouits that the Inhabitants of Noua Zemla had neither religion nor Ciuility prescribed them by any Law but worshipped the Sunne Moone and North-Starre and euery yeere offered vnto them sacrifices of Deere and other things On the nine and twentieth of August there arose a thicke fogge whereupon Oliuer Brunel which had beene three seuerall yeeres sent by the King of Denmarke for the discouery of Groenland reporteth that in 76. Degrees hee had often obserued such thicke fogges that some perished thereby These happened most commonly in October and Nouember The last of August they had speech with the Samoyeds they were of short stature scarsely foure foot high with long hayre broad faces great heads little eyes short and bow legges very swift clothed with beasts skins whereof the hayrie side was outward They know no God The Sunne whose presence they are long depriued of in the Winter which is recompensed in their nightlesse Summer is worshipped amongst them And when the Sunne is declining out of their sight the Moone or North-Starre is his receiuer or successour if you will in that tribute of their deuotions They haue besides many Idols rudely carued In times past they had no King but now they chuse one to that dignity They bury the dead and offer yeerely their sacrifices for them to the Sunne Moone and North-Starre of their Deere which they burne except the head and feet They eate the flesh of wild beasts eyther raw or dryed in the ayre which make them haue very vnsauory breath On the sixth of September two of them went on shore on the Continent of Moscouia and encountred with a Beare which killed one of them his crie brought in other of their fellowes which were also stragling about to his rescue but the Beare laid hold also vpon one of them and could not be driuen to forsake his prey till himselfe became a prey in recompence The two torne carkasses were there buried They tooke from one Beare which they killed an hundred pound of fat which serued them for their lamps the skinne was nine foot long and seuen wide In the yeere 1596. there were sent other two shippes to prosecute this Discouerie which on the fourth of Iune had sight of a triple Sunne attended and guarded with a double Rainbow one encompassing them the other crossing them ouerthwart After many dreadfull combats with the Ice and one of the ships departing from the other they were forced to winter in Noua Zemla where they built them a house to serue them for a fortification against the sauage Beares tempestuous stormes continuall snowes Ice and vnspeakeable cold and if worse may bee a worse then all these they endured a continuall night of many weekes wherein neither the Sun nor any of his courtly traine the least rayes to be the harbingers of his desired presence did present themselues to their eyes and the fire could scarcely preuaile against the insulting tyranny of the cold to warme them The Beares together with the Sun forsooke them but plentie of Foxes remained and with the Sun the Beares also returned sometime laying violent siege to their house From the fourth of Nouember till the seuen and twentieth of Ianuarie they saw no Sun Their Watch also or Clocke was by violence of the cold forced to stand still that they could not measure their times Thus did they waite in expectation of the Sunnes returne that they also not able futher to pursue the voyage might returne home which eleuen of them did in October following But seeing these North-easterne Seas are so frozen and vnpassable I will therefore in an inkie Sea finde an easier passage for the Reader with more both ease end securitie to the mightie Kingdome of China whereof wee are next to speake CHAP. XVIII Of the Kingdome of China §. I. Of the Names Prouinces Cities and situation thereof CHina is supposed of some to be that Countrey whose people of Ptolomey are called Sinae Some thinke them to bee the people mentioned by the Prophet Esai whereunto Iunius also inclineth The Arabians call them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tzinin and the Portugals first of all other because they could not pronounce it aright called them Chinians saith Ioseph Scaliger Pierre du Iarric saith that before that time in all the East they were called Chijs and the Inhabitants of Ceilan were called Chingales because they were mixed with the Chinois and Cinamom was of the Persians named Darchini that is wood of China as some thinke he addeth their opinion that deriue that name from the Chinian salutation in which they vse the word Chij Chij as a nickname therefore giuen them and others that thinke the Citie Chincheo gaue name to the whole Region but it were tedious to recite heere the seuerall opinions in this question And fitter it is to heare Ricius his iudgement who being sent into the Indies Anno 1578. after foure yeeres stay at Goa and Cochin was by the Iesuiticall Visitor employed for China in which he liued about eight and tweetie yeeres some of which he spent in Nanquin and other places but the ten last in Paquin the Royall Citie and Residence Hee out of his experience could best informe vs of China affaires and a little before his death which hapned the eleuenth of May 1610. writ certaine Commentaries of his obseruations which Trigautius another Chinian Iesuite hath since reuised and published protesting sincere truth in his Relations which hee saith many former Writers euen of their societie wanted in many things partly receiuing by heare-say of China-Merchants partly staying small time and but in the skirts of the countrey This I premise that none impute to mee a fault so much after so good intelligence to haue increased this History of China the most admirable this day in the world For the name he acknowledgeth Ptolomey his Sinae and the ancient Serica Regio to agree with this where the poorest are clothed in silke and whence other countries are therewith stored the inuentione whereof their Annals report 2600. yeeres before Christ But of all these names the Chinois know none whose custome is that when any new family attaineth the soueraigntie the Countrey receiueth with the new Lord new Lawes and a new Name So they write that it hath sometimes beene called Than which signifieth Broad after that Yu that is Rest next Hia or Great afterwards Sciam Adorned then Cheu which is Perfect Han the Milken way in Heauen with other names many But in the reigne of this family which is called CIV the Kingdome is stiled MIN which signifieth Brightnesse to which they adde TA calling it Tamin or Great Brightnesse Few of the
vprore that they fell together by the eares and another quarrell happening betweene a Religious and a Secular Priest the Chinois gaue out that Cataneus the Iesuite went about to make himselfe King of China as one that knew the Countrey and had bin in both the Royall Cities with the helpe of the Iesuites there residing Iapanders and others This made the Chinois to flye from Macao and to divulge such rumors in Canton that there was a sudden muster of souldiers through the Prouince and one thousand houses of the chiefe Citie without the Walls pulled downe one of the Iesuites Societie apprehended and beaten with Canes to death and with much adoe this little adoe was after pacified And now the Iesuites thinke themselues in better case then euer and haue as they say conuerted fiue thousand to their Faith in this Kingdome after thirty yeares labours hauing foure or fiue places of Residence And would God as I professe my selfe indebted to them for this Light of History so they might haue iust cause of thankefulnesse to God and them for the Christian Light and that it were not confused with such Heathenish exchange of one Image for another and rather the names then substance of deuotion altered Beads Tapers Single Votaries Processions Monasteries Altars Images hee and she Saints with other Rites being there alreadie and the very art of their Images causing an Ethnike adoration as they tell of a Vice-roy that would not looke vpon one of them but in a Chappell in the higher part of his house set on an Altar with Tapers and Odours dayly burning thereto and their manner of Preaching being not by Word so much as by Writing and that not by Authorities of Scripture but by Arguments of Reason furthered by their owne Philosophie and commended by Mathematicall Sciences strange Ground-workes to Faith and Theologie OF THE EAST-INDIES AND OF THE SEAS AND ILANDS ABOVT ASIA WITH THEIR RELIGIONS THE FIFTH BOOKE CHAP. I. Of India in Generall and of the Ancient Rites there obserued §. I. The Limits and the ancient People and Inuasions of India THe name of India is now applyed to all farre-distant Countries not in the extreme limits of Asia alone but euen to whole America through the error of Columbus and his fellowes who at their first arriuall in the Westerne world thought that they had met with Ophir and the Indian Regions of the East But the Ancients also comprehended vnder this name a huge Tract of Land no lesse in the iudgement of Alexanders followers in his Eastern Inuasions then the third part of the Earth Ctosias accounted it one halfe of Asia Yea a great part of Africa also is comprehended vnder that name So Turnebus in his Aduersaria not onely findeth the Barbarians and Parthians called by that name in Virgil but Thebes in the higher Egypt and Ammone Temple in Higinus and Aethiopia also as in our discourse thereof will further appeare But taking India more properly Dionysius bounds it betweene Caucasus and the Red-Sea Indus and Ganges Ouid likewise in that Verse Decolor extremo quâ cingitur India Gange But Ptolemy and other Geographers did vsually diuide India by the Riuer Ganges into two parts one on this side Ganges and the other beyond Although here we finde no lesse difficultie concerning Ganges which the most with my selfe account the same with Guenga that falleth into the gulfe of Bengala which they also imagine to be that which of the Ancients is called Sinus Gangeticus Others esteeme the Riuer Canton whereon standeth the supposed Canton chiefe City of one of the Chinian Prouinces whereof wee haue so lately taken our leaue to be that Ganges of which minde are Mercator Maginus Gotardus Arthus and their disciples M. Paulus diuideth India into three parts the Lesse the Greater which hee calleth Malabar and Abassia betwixt them both Dom. Niger reckoneth the same number The Name of India flowed from the Riuer Indus Semiramis is reported to inuade India with three millions of foot-men and 500000. horse besides counterfeit Elephants made of the hides of 300000. Oxen stuffed with hay Yet Staurobates at that time the Indian Monarch brake her Forces and chased her out of the field Megasthenes reckoneth one hundred twentie two Indian Nations Arrianus in his eight booke makes a large description of this Indian world saying That they liued like the Scythians without Houses Cities Temples in a wandring course with their Tents on the barke of the Tree Tala and wild Venison the skins where of were there garments In all India were no seruants but all free-men These things were altred by Bacchus or Dionystus who made an Expedition hither not so much with Armes as with Arts He taught them the vse of Wine Oyle and Sacrificing in memorie whereof Posteritie honoured him for a god Of this the Poets and Histories of Alexander others make much mention So doth Suidas tell of one Brachman that prescribed the Rites and Lawes of the Brachmanes Solinus of Hydaspes and others of Ganges Hercules the rest with much vncertaintie Postellus strangely conceiteth himselfe that Abrahams posteritie by Keturah seated themselues in India and were there knowne by the name of Iewes before the Iewes in Palestina that they obserued Circumcision and dispersed it into Syria Egypt Armenia Colchis Iberia Paphlagonia Chaldea and India before Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt and that the Brachmanes were so called quasi Abrahmanes as following the instructions of Abraham Abraham wee beleeue the Father of the faithfull but cannot father on him such vnfaithfull and degenerate generations no more then with the same Postellus wee acknowledge the Turkes the posteritie of the ten Tribes and the Tartars to be the remainder of those Turkes following Cabalisticall coniectures But that which he speaketh of the name Iewes and Abrachmanes in India may perhaps arise from a testimony cited out of Megasthenes his Indica by Clem. Alex. That all things obserued by Naturall Phylosophers in Greece bad beene handled before partly by the Brachmanes amongst the Indians partly of those which in Syria are called Iewes in which testimonie he ioyneth Iewes and Brachmanes in Profession of the same learned Science of Naturall Philosophy Apuleius maketh the Brachmans first Founders of the Pythagorean learning and reporteth further That at dinner-time the Table was made readie and the youths from diuers Places and Seruices resorted thither at which time the Masters questioned with them what good they had done that day one answereth Hee had beene a Peace-maker to reduce such such which were at oddes to amitie another had done this or that for his Parents another had studied or meditated on such a point Once he which could not giue good account of his mornings worke might not be admitted to receiue any dinner-wages Strabo in his fifteenth Booke is large in this Indian subiect Hee reporteth out of Aristobulus that the Riuer Indus by force of
is wayed against siluer and gold Through this Kingdome runneth the Riuer Mecon into the Sea which the Indians name Captaine of all the Riuers for it hath so much water in the Summer their Winter that it drowneth the Countrey as Nilus doth The people of Camboia beleeue that all Creatures both Men and Beasts of all sorts doe here receiue reward for their worke whether it be good or bad Vpwards in the Land are the Laos a great and mighty people the Anas and Bramas also which dwell further vp by the Hills and the Gueos vpon the Hills which liue like wilde men eate mans flesh marke all their bodies with a hote iron in gallant brauery Gaspar de Cruz mentioneth that People called Laos Northwards from Camboia which come thither downe a Riuer which hath his beginning in China and is of eight fifteene and twenty fadoms depth it passeth thorow desarts where are Elephants and Bados or Rhinocerotes the males of which beasts haue a horne arising out of their snowt accounted good for the Piles This Riuer comming to Cudurmuch twelue leagues from the principall Citie of Camboia makes a passage to another Riuer which descendeth from a great Lake in the midst of which one cannot see Land When the great waters come downe from the Laos Riuer they enter that other Riuer with such violence that it reuerseth and turneth backe the streame with a swift current and ouerfloweth all Camboia leauing no passage for Trauellers but by Boat their houses also being in the lower roomes ouerflowen themselues remaining in the higher roomes with their houshold This Riuer runneth vpward from Iuly to September The Portugals shewed our Author a great Hill ouer which a ship had sailed being of sufficient burden to haue passed from India to Portugall These Laos bring Musk from Camsi being the flesh and blood as he saith of a certaine beast They goe naked from the waste vpwards trussing vp their haire like a cappe Their Priests weare yellow cloaths and yellow Copes with certaine folds and seames Their Religion is as in Siam Iarric writes of these Laos or Laios that they liue about the springs of Mecon in Cottages of Timber and in open boats neere the banks and Lakes of the Riuer which is said to extend foure hundred Leagues within the Land neere the Tartarian and China confines These Laios about the yeare 1578. descended the Riuer in great multitudes with an army of two hundred thousand which all were slaine drowned or captiued in fight with the Camboyans In this battell the King of Camboia was slaine also He left behind him a yong sonne which became vassall to the King of Siam This Kingdome hath great Townes and many Temples which haue Bonzij Priests or Religious Men after the maner of Iapan and China but lesse superstitious then the Iaponians As for the Laios they are rude and barbarous but rich in Gold The King of Camboia in the yeare 1598. sent to the Iesuites for some of their Society to liue and preach amongst his people and bestowed vpon Iames Veloso a Portugall which had serued him in the warres against the Siamites a Peninsula stretching three Leagues into the Sea which hee offered to the Portugall subiection vpon condition of conuerting the Inhabitants There are not as in other Maritime parts of the Indies any Saracens amongst them they are courteous and milde people and haue trade with the Iaponians §. II. Of the Kingdome of Siam ON this side of Camboia is Siam Sion or Silon Mother-City of a Kingdome bearing the same name in which are reckoned thirty thousand families of Moores besides the Naturals In these parts are huge Woods harbours of Lions Tigres Ownces and they tell also Mariches which haue Maidens faces and Scorpions tailes Here runneth Menan out of that huge Lake Chiamay which yeeldeth this and other Riuers of like Nature to Nilus in Egypt For this cause Balbi affirmeth that they build their houses in Silon so hee termeth it very high and euery house hath a boat belonging thereto for passage and transportation of the familie in that their Winter-time or annuall deluge And some poore porsons haue slight houses of Reed or timber set vpon plankes tied together or Liters which they can remooue whither they please as moueable shops to buy and sell which is there done most by the women This name of Sion Silon or Siam may worthily mooue a Quaere to Geographers whether this bee not the Sinae mentioned by Ptolemey Marcianus and other Ancients the rather because China is a name vnknowne to the Chinois and their Countrey abutts on the Sea E stward and the Cities thereof haue more Northerly Situation then those by them ascribed to the Sinae which name is heere little altered and in other things this seemeth rather to agree thereunto But let the curious enquire and the learned iudge They haue amongst them many Religious Men which leade an austere life and therefore had in great reputation of Holinesse These liue in common they may not marrie nor speake to a Woman which fault is punished with death they goe alway bare-foot in poore array eating nothing but Rice and greene herbes which they begge from doore to doore They craue it not nor take it with their hands but goe with a wallet at their backes alwayes with their eyes modestly fixed on the ground and calling or knocking stand still till they receiue answere or some thing be put in their wallets Many times they set themselues naked in the heate of the Sunne notwithstanding that himselfe with such direct beames together with his frie whole armies of Gnats doe their vtmost malice on them They rise at midnight to pray vnto their Idoles which they doe in Quires as the Friers doe They may not buy sell or take any Rents which if they should doe would bring on them the imputation of Heretiques Some Merchants of Siam being at Canton and hearing that Frier Martin Ignacio and his companions were there imprisoned for entring that Chinian Kingdome without License they visited them and seeing their poore Friers Weedes they besides other almes offered to pay their ransome if money would doe it The Siamites commonly hold that God created all things rewardeth the good punisheth the bad That Man hath two Spirits one good to keepe and the other euill to tempt continually attending him They build many and faire Temples and place in them many Images of Saints which sometime liued vertuously and now are in Heauen They haue one Statue fifty paces long which is sacred to the Father of men For they thinke that he was sent from aboue and that of him were borne certaine persons that suffered Martyrdome for the loue of God Their Priests are clothed in yellow long garments This colour is esteemed holy and euery yellow thing for the resemblance which it hath with Gold and with the Sunne is hallowed to God Besides that which is before said of their
hee appointeth with twentie thousand Horse and two hundred and fiftie thousand Foot The Country is compassed with the high Hills of Iangoma Brema or Brama and Aua and is it selfe plaine in situation and fertilitie caused by inundation like to Egypt The Lai are tributaries to Siam for feare of the Gueoni Caniballs and Man-eaters liuing in the Mountaines adiacent against whom the Siamite defendeth them and inuaded those Gueoni one time with twentie thousand Horse two hundred and fiftie thousand Footmen and ten thousand Elephants for Carriages and Warre Caesar Frederike reporteth That in the yeere 1567. the King of Pegu besieged the King of Siam his chiefe Citie with an Armie of one million and foure hundred thousand men and lay before it one and twentie moneths and had fiue hundred thousand fresh Souldiers sent him in supply end yet had not preuailed if treason had not more furthered his designes then force The gates were one night set open and the Peguans entred which when the Siamite perceiued hee poysoned himselfe leauing his children and Kingdome a prey to the Conquerer whose triumphall returne Fredericke then in Pegu beheld Since that time the Kings of Siam haue been tributaries to Pegu After this Peguan had reigned seuen and thirtie yeeres he left his Kingdomes but not his fortunes to his sonne who taking displeasure against the Siamite his vassall sent for him to come to him which hee refused And therevpon he entred into his Country with nine hundred thousand men and besieged him in his chiefe Citie which hee seeking politike delayes made semblance still to deliuer vntill in the third moneth after which was March the Riuer ouerflowed the Countrey sixe score miles about after his yeerely custome and partly drowned partly committed to the Siamites attending in Boats for this booty to be slaughtered that huge Army of which scarce threescore and ten thousand returned to Martavan and those without Elephants and Horses And when the King of Pegu proceeded in his attempts with like successe the Siamite at last besieged him in Pegu his royall Citie Ann. 1596. But hearing a rumor of the Portugals comming to helpe him hee raised his siege These are the reports of Franciscus Fernandes a Iesuite Of the Peguan we shall speake more in the next Chapter Peter Williamson Floris a Dutchman which liued long in the East Indies employed first by his Countrey-men afterwards by the English hath giuen vs the latest intelligence of these parts When Siam saith he was tributarie to Pegu the two brothers sonnes to the King of Siam brought vp in the Court of Pegu made an escape home Where the eldest called in the Malaya tongue Raia Api that is fierie King by others the blacke King had such successe against Pegu as yee haue heard and Pegu falling raised himselfe to high fortunes subiecting the Kingdomes of Camboia Laniangh Lugor Patane Tenesary and diuers others This victorious King deceased Ann. 1605. and dying without issue left the Throne to his brother which was termed the White King of peaceable and milde disposition He lying on his death-bed Anno 1610. by the instigation of Iockrommeway one of his principall Lords who sought to deriue the succession vpon himselfe caused his eldest sonne to be slaine being a young man of great hope Yet his brother the second son succeeded and gaue Iockrommeway his desert This man had besides other slaues two hundred eightie Iapanders which to reuenge their masters death ran in ioynt furie to the Court and possessed themselues of the young King whom they compelled to commit vnto their massacring hands foure chiefe men as the authors of their masters death and after many other abuses forced Him to subscribe to a composition of their owne making and to giue them some of the chiefe Palapos or Priests for hostages and so departed with a great treasure vsing much violence at their departure the Siamites as meere spectators daring nothing to the contrary The King of Siam sent to the Iapanian Emperour to complaine of this insolence who promised to send these Iapanians to Him there to receiue their due punishment Generall Saris then in Iapan saw the men going to the Court as hee came from thence Vpon this newes the Kingdomes of Camboya and Laniangh rebelled and also one Banga de laa a Peguer who in the yeere 1613. reuolted to the King of Aua and came to him with fifty thousand of his country-men before subiect to the King of Siam The King of Laniangh made also an Expedition into Siam within three dayes iourney of Oudija hoping to find the Countrey still intangled with the Iaponian slaues but was met by the King of Siam and forced to retire But the report was saith hee that the two Kings had combined in league against the Siamite to dispossesse him being then of two and twentie yeeres which yet without intestine rebellion they are not able to effect On August the fourth 1612. the English arriued at Siam the town being thirty leagues vp the riuer Septemb. seuenteenth they had audience of the King who granted them free trade and a faire house The Country at this time of raining was couered with water October the twentie six they had such a storme that old folkes had not seene the like which besides other harmes blew downe the Kings fathers faire Monument Their ship was neere a wrack but by great care and paines was saued fiue of the company being drowned of which they supposed one to be deuoured of a Whale The Kings in the Indies are all Merchants none at Siam might buy any commodities till the King had first serued his owne turne §. III. Of the Kingdome of Malacca MAlacca is now subiect to the Portugals if not since our last intelligence taken from them by the Kings of Achin and Ior who held it in siege as the same went conquered by Alphonsus Albuquerke or Albiecher so King Emanuel in his Letter to Pope Leo containing all this exploit termeth him who was their greatest Conquerour in the Indies subduing more to that scepter then all before him or since Iohn de Barros relates at large the founding and proceeding of this City who writes that some two hundred and fiftie yeeres before the Portugals arriuall in the Indies it was first founded Anciently Cingapura was the chiefe place of trade habitation in all that coast which lies in the most Southerly point of all Asia about halfe a degree North from the Aequinoctiall then resorted to by the Merchants of China Camboia and the rest of the continent many Ilands to the East and West which they called Dibananguin and Atazanguin that is Leuant and Ponent or vnder the winds West and beyond the winds East all the Nauigation in those parts being by the Monsons or certaine winds which obserue their set seasons of the yeere In those times reigned in Cingapura one Sangesinga and in the neighbouring parts of Iaua one Paraerisae who dying left to
which hee might heare as hee passed and once also saw them the Eunuch purposely putting on a thinner cloth ouer his head there being of them some hundreds His wife had more accesse at Chan Channas Court whose daughter sometimes wife to the elder brother of this Mogol and liuing still a widdow had a desire to see the English-woman and Chan-Channa intreated her husband to permit it Shee was fetched in a close Chariot drawne by white Oxen attended by Eunuchs and was first brought into an open Court in midst of which was a Tanke or Well of Water where sate many women slaues to Chan-Channas daughter of diuers Nations and complexions some blacke exceeding louely and comely of person notwithstanding whose haire before did stand vp with right tufts as if it had growne vpward nor would ruffling disorder them some browne of Indian complexion others very white but pale and not ruddy many of them seemed goodly and louely all sitting in their slight but rich garments on the floore couered with carpets The Lady came forth in meaner attire whereat they all arose and did her reuerence with their faces to the ground Mistresse Steele made her three courtsies after the English fashion being also in English attire and deliuered her a Present without which there is no visitation of great persons and the Lady caused her to sit by her and after discourse entertained her with a Banket and began familiaritie with her continued and increased with often visitations and rewarded with many gifts as of womens vestments of of those parts some of which I saw the vpper garment like a smocke of thin Calico vnder which they weare a paire of breeches close aboue the neather parts very long and slender loosely ruffling about their legs of thin stuffe also the mans garment differing from the womans by the fastning on the side vnder the arme whereas the womans is fastened before both tyed with ribbands Chan Channa caused his Taylor to take view of Master Steele and without other measure hee made him a cloake of cloth of gold after the English fashion very comely which I also saw §. VI. Of the Rasboots and other people subiect to the Mogol and of their Countries Religion and Rites THus haue we delineated this huge Giantly Body of the Mogol Empire The Soule or Religion thereof is more inuisible What lurking places and labyrinths the breasts of the Kings haue had in their vnknowne curious vncertaine Faith yee haue heard and may there by guesse at the rest As the people are manifold so are their Rites some of which about Ganges and in other parts haue alreadie beene touched and some hereafter as the People and their Rites are diffused and dispersed in diuers Tracts of India we shall elsewhere mention Besides Christian Forreiners the principall Religion is Ethnike though that of the Prince be Mahumetan The Reisbuti Rasbootes or Rasbooches the ancient Inhabitants of the Countrey of Sinda are Gentiles How strong one of them is you haue heard Captaine Hawkins report His name as I haue since learned of Mr. Rogers Mr. Clarke and Mr. Withington is Ranna some of them affirming That hee is lately come in and hath sent his sonne a pledge to the Mogols Court who for this cause and his sake hath beene so long resident at Azmere But Mr. Clarke employed in these wars saith That it is not a subiection but voluntarie friendship and neighbourhood with acknowledgement of himselfe the Inferior A Rebell or Outlaw he cannot be called because hee was neuer subiect accounting the Mogoll Superior in power but not his Lord There are of these many Casts or Tribes each of which haue supreame and independent Lords Nature building them with little helpe of Art impregnable Fortresses or inaccessable Hils One of which called Dewras is said to haue very many populations able on the Hill tops to gather sufficient prouisions for themselues and the neighbour-Markets impossible without corruption to be conquered When any of these Casts or Tribes disagree the Mogoll interposeth himselfe professing to take part with the right Their Countrey lies in the direct way from Surat to Agra the wayes by Amadauar or by Brampore both much about yet frequented by Merchants for feare of them The Countrey people are rude naked from the waste vpwards with Turbants differing from the Mogol fashion Their Armes are Sword Buckler and Launce Their Buckler is great in fashion of a Bee-hiue in which they will giue their Camels drinke and Horses prouender Their Horses are good swift and strong which they ride vnshod and back at a yeere old A resolute people which the Mogoll saith knowes as well to die as any in the world They eate no Beefe nor Buffolo but haue them in superstitious respect The Rasbutche husband dying the wife is burned The manner is this The wise accompanies the dead bodie of her husband in her best array pompously attended with her friends and kindred and with Musick The fire being made she compasseth the same twice or thrice first bewayling her husbands death and then reioycing that she shall now liue with him againe and then embracing her friends sits downe on the top of the pyle taking her husbands head in her lap and bids them kindle the fire This done her friends throw Oyle and other sweet Perfumes on her shee enduring the fire with admirable patience loose and not bound I haue seene many it is M. Withingtons report the first at Surat the woman being but ten yeeres old and not yet a woman hauing not knowne her husband who was slaine in the wars and his clothes brought home Yet would she needs burne with his clothes and the Gouernour not permitting because shee was a Virgin her friends intreated and bribed him thereto shee seeming impatient of that delay and saying her husband was a great way before her with much blind ioy entring into endlesse sorrowes The kindred of the deceased husband doe not force this vnkind kindnesse but the wiues owne kindred holding it a disgrace to their family if shee refuse which she hath power to doe but few will and then shee must shaue her haire and breake her iewels and is not suffered to eate drinke sleepe or company with any bodie till her death If after purpose to burne impatient of the flame she leapes out her father and mother will bind and burne her perforce But such weaknesse seldome happens In some places they obserue it with Rites a little differing carrying the woman in great pompe on a Pageant and binding her to a stake all her kindred kneeling round about her and praying to the Sun and their other Idols Shee hath betwixt her legs and vnder each arme a bag of Gun-powder the fire made all of sweet Woods Wee shall mention other Rites in other places The Hendownes possesse the Countrey North from Asmere toward the Multans degenerate Gentiles and refusing no manner of Flesh or Fish They pray naked dresse and eat
weapon then a sword in that case Scarce in seuenteene yeeres could Italy shake off this burthen till Scipio by new policie warred against Hannibal not in Italy where he was but in Africke and Carthage whence his force was thereby procuring Annibals returne as the outward members are forced to yeeld their bloud to succour any sudden oppression of the heart But how is my heart oppressed with sudden passion thus to transport the Reader with my selfe from Africke into Spaine France Italy there to behold this Tragedie Let the matter it selfe answere and now we are returned to Carthage and finde the Tragedie heere For in the third Punike warre the Romans sayth Florus rather fought with the Citie it selfe then with Men. And alas what could that Hermophrodite-armie doe wherein were fiue and twentie thousand armed Women Yet had women then the greater courage Hasdrubal the King yeelded His wife with her two children and much people burned themselues in the Temple of Aesculapius that could not cure this disease of his Citie and suppliants the like fate befalling the first and last Queenes of Carthage Seuenteene dayes together did Carthage burne seuen hundred yeeres after the first building In this last warre after they had deliuered vp their Nauie and weapons being commanded to remoue ten miles from thence Anger kindled new forces and taught them to supply the want of Iron with Siluer and Gold in making weapons with pulling downe their houses to build a Nauie the Matrons giuing their haire the feminine Ornament to make bands for their manly and warlike Engines their priuate glory for publike necessitie all which serued but to augment the pompe of this funerall of Carthage Caesar did after restore it with a Ronian Colonie neuer attayning the Tyrian glory afflicted with Vandals and Gothes and by the Saracens made desolate vntill the time of Elmahdi an hereticall Calipha who procured the inhabiting hereof But not aboue the twentieth part was inhabited The rest remayneth as scattered ruines dispersed bones of the carkasse of old Carthage Master Pountesse a friend of mine told me That hee hath beene rowed in his Boat ouer the walls of Carthage or their ruines the Sea hauing made the last conquest by eating into the Land The Conduits are whole saith Leo which bring water from a Hill thirtie miles from Carthage twelue miles vnder the Earth the rest aboue And now saith he are not aboue fiue and twentie shops and fiue hundred houses therein one faire Temple one Colledge but without Schollers the inhabitants poore proud and superstitious Master Euesham saith That this Citie is now ruinated and destroyed Hee mentioneth those Arches wherein water was hither conueyed and one street three miles long As for the Sea-discoueries attempted by the Carthaginians Hanno compassed all Africa from the Spanish to the Arabian Straits and committed his discoueries to writing Himilco at the same time was employed in the search of Europe Diodorus Siculus writeth a whole Chapter of their discouery of a pleasant and fertile Iland Westward in the Ocean which cannot more fitly agree with any other Region then some part of the West-Indies as may seeme at the first view But a man shall haue much to doe to finde that Iland a harder discouery now then it was then to the finders at least as the Storie lies And some thinke that the Indians of America were a Colonie of the Carthaginians Aristotle hath also the like Relation in his Booke De admirandis Auditionib In the beginning of the Warre they had three hundred Cities in Libya and seuen hundred thousand persons in their Citie The Carthaginians as all acknowledged and their very name Paeni doth prooue were Phaenicians which Countrey wee haue before shewed to bee famous as for many other things so for the first letters and the first that is the Hebrew language The letters which the Hebrewes since the Babilonian Captiuitie haue vsed Postellus would haue to bee the first but secret till those times and then by Ezra made common but others more probably hold the Phoenician or Samaritan the first and that the present Hebrew were the Assyrian or Chaldaean Characters which the Iewes brought thence with them Now for proofe that their ancient Language was Phoenician and consequently Hebrew Dido is but the feminine saith Scaliger to Dauid and Elisa is the Hebrew Elisha Iosephus relateth out of Theophrastus that the Tyrians and Sydonians might not vse other but their owne Countrey oathes of which hee reckoneth Corban which the Scriptures also mention And Scaliger saith that the Punike Scene in Plantus his Penolus although they had then much declined from the Hebrew puritie is neerer the Hebrew then the Syriake and that hee could for the most part restore it to the right Punike which also hath happily beene attempted by Master Selden in his Dis Syris and by Bernardo Aldrete a Spaniard in his Varias Antiquedades de Espaūa Africa YOtras prouincias lib. 2. cap. 2. Where he in a large Catalogue compareth the Hebrew Syriake Phoenician and Punike termes together Of their Baalsamen and other notes of this language we haue spoken before in our first Booke The name Carthago as Genebrard and Aldrete obserue in Syriake signifies the middle Citie Kartha a Citie Go , middle Solinus saith New Citie Wee haue alledged the testimonie of Procopius for the Chanaanites fleeing before Ioshua and the Punikes sayth Augustine called themselues euen in his time Chanani Salust ascribeth to the Phaenicians Hippo Hadrumetus Leptis and other Cities on the Sea-coast besides Carthage which they built either to enlarge their Empire or to preuent a fulnesse at home Concerning the Religion of the Africans in Ancient times Leo saith That they worshipped the Fire and the Sunne as did the Persians erecting in honour of each of these faire and sumptuous Temples in which the Fire was continually kept burning as in the Temple of Vesta at Rome The Numidians and Libyans sacrificed to the Planets And some of the Negroes worshipped Guighimo which signifieth the LORD of Heauen These afterward hee sayth were of the Iewish Religion and after that of the Christian till the 268. yeere of the Hegira that some Negro Kingdomes became Mahumetane although there remaine some Christians to this day those which were Iewish both by the Christians and Mahumetanes were vtterly destroyed But those of Barbarie whereof wee especially entreat remained saith hee Idolaters till two hundred and fiftie yeeres before Mahomets birth when they became Christians This must be interpreted of the vniuersall and publike profession about the time of Constantine For otherwise Africke had in it Christians before Dorothaeus in Synopsi saith That Epaeneius one of the seuentie Disciples was a Bishop of Carthage and that Simon the Apostle preached in Mauritania and among the Africans as Matthias also in Aethiopia But the Gothes soone corrupted Christian Religion with Arrianisme the forerunner of Mahumetanisme
in which all the Marriageable Virgins are kept and instructed a yeeres space by some old man of best estimation This done they are brought forth well apparelled with Musicke and Dances there the young men make their choice and bargaine with the Father paying also the Old man for his yeeres schooling Sorcerers are beheaded and their bodies cast to the Beasts and Fowles for other offences they are sold and made slaues They weare gold Rings hanging at their Noses weighing twenty or thirtie Crownes these with their Eare-rings and Bracelets are buried with them The Cumbae are not of the ancient Natiues but were barbarous and deuourers of mans flesh continually warring on the former These about the yeere one thousand fiue hundred and fifty wasted all the Countrey and at last seated themselues here driuing the Capi from their habitations If they tooke any chiefe men they deuoured them the meaner they sold for slaues to the Portugals reseruing the younger for Souldiory They would sell them more then Dogge-cheape yea some of the Natiues would sell themselues slaues to auoide this barbarous enemy But now being here setled they are growne more milde and gentle Of these are descended as some thinke the Giachi or Iagges of which we shall speake else-where called by this name in Congo in Angola Gindae in Abassia Gallae in Mombaza Zimbae or Imbiae and here Cumbae and Manes by themselues Imbangolae a Nationlesse Nation breeding without generation and vncertaine of what monstrous humane-inhumane Deuillish Originall §. II. Obseruations of those parts out of CADAMOSTA and other Ancient Nauigators NOw for further particulars of the Guinean Nation we will begin with the Nauigations of former times The people inhabiting on the Riuer Sanaga Aloise di Codimosti a Venetiani calls Azanaghi and saith that when first the Portugals sayled thither their simplicity was such hauing neuer before seene a ship that they tooke the ships for great Birds with white wings out of some strange place comming thither but when they saw them strike sayle they changed their opinion and thought them to be fishes seeing them afarre off but when they saw them the next day so farre off from that place they tooke them for night-goblings or spirits This did he learne of diuers of the Azanaghi slaues in Portugall They hid their faces no lesse then the priuities esteeming the mouth vnmeete to be seene whence they belched such sowre breath They had a kind of Muffler to hide it and part of the nose onely discouering the same at meate Other Gouernours they then had not only more reuerence was done to the most rich A beggerly theeuish lying trecherous Nation as any in the World They aniont their haire euery day with fat of fish for great gallantry whereof they stinke exceedingly And lest you should thinke better of their Eyes then of their Nose their women esteeme it the greatest part of goodly feature to haue large Brests which by Arte and industrious stretching of them they enlarge and some of them haue them hanging to their Nauell Neere vnto those are certaine Negros which suffer not themselues to be seene of any nor to be heard speake but haue excellent Gold which they exchange with other Negros which bring vnto them Salt such as the Minerall Salt of Tagazza and leauing the same they goe away from thence halfe a dayes iourney the Negros come downe in certain Barkes and lay at euery heape of Salt a quantity of Gold and goe their wayes When the Salt-Merchants returne if they like the summe they take it if not they leaue the Gold still with the Salt and goe their wayes and then the other returne and what heapes of Salt they find without Gold they take for their own the other either they leaue more Gold for or els leaue altogether This seemeth hard to beleeue but many of the Arabians and Azanhagi testified it to our Author for truth The Merchants of Melli affirmed to mee that their Prince had once by a plot taken one of them thinking to haue learned the condition of that people but either of â—dlennesse or because hee could not hee neither ate nor spake and within three dayes dyed Their stature they which had taken him affirmed to bee a hand higher then themselues and that their nether lip was thicke and red and so great that it hung downe to their brest and it together with their Gummes bloudie their teeth great and on each side one very large their eyes standing out terrible they were to looke vpon And because they had apprehended this man by their ambushment they returned not in three yeeres but after forced by the need of Salt to cure their diseases whence haply that deformitie proceeded they renued that Traffique To leaue these farre within Land and come to the Riuer Senaga Cadamosto iustly maruelled at the partition which that Riuer caused for on the one side the Inhabitants were well proportioned very blacke and the soyle very fertile on the other side the Inhabitants meagre small swart and the ground barren The people that dwell on the bankes of Niger are called Gilofi The Kings name in my time which was almost an hundred and threescore yeeres since was Zuchali He had thirty Wiues When Richard Rainolds was there 1591. the Kings name was Amar Melik All that Region betwixt Sanaga and Gambea is called by one generall name Gia Lef of which Maffaeus and Barrius write That in an accident of ciuill warres Bemoin came to the King of Portugall for aide and was there royally entertayned and baptized with his followers of which some were of such admirable dexteritie and nimblenesse of bodie that they would leape vpon a Horse as hee galloped and would stand vpright in the Saddle when he ranne fastest and turne themselues about and suddenly sit down and in the same race would take vp stones laid in order on the ground and leape downe and vp at pleasure This Bemoin was shamefully murthered by Peter Vaz the Portugall Generall and the hope of Christianity in those parts disappointed This was Anno 1489. From thence Cadamosto went to Budomel the Prince whereof was had in great respect by his people which when they come into his presence kneele on both their knees and bowing their heads to the ground cast sand ouer their shoulders and on their heads with both hands and then to goe towards him on their knees and when they speake to him cast sand ouer their shoulders still with their head bowed downe the Prince scarcely deigning them a looke or word For euery light offence hee would sell their Wiues and Children He suffered our Authour to goe into his Moschee where his Arabian Chaplaines after their manner mumbled their Mattens ten or twelue times in halfe an houre all the company rising and falling againe to the Earth and kissing it He also heard him willingly confute the Mahumetan and approoue the Christian Faith but said hee thought
diuers places His Nobles about him neuer looke him in the face but sit cowring vpon their buttockes with their elbowes vpon their knees and their hands before their faces not looking vp till the King command them And when they depart out of his presence they turne not their backes vpon him Such reuerend regard doth that Negro King receiue of them The next yeere Master Iohn Lock went for Captaine into those parts to trade for Gold Graines and Elephants teeth And after that diuers Voyages were thither made by William Towerson who obserued at the Riuer of Saint Vincent strange trees with great leaues like great Dockes longer then that a man could reach the top of them and a kind of Pease by the Sea-side growing on the Sands like trees with stalkes seuen and twentie paces long Diuers of the women had brests exeeding long At the Cape Tres puntas they made him sweare by the water of the Sea that hee would not hurt them before they would trade with him King Abaan a Negro entertained our men kindly hee caused to bee brought a pot of Wine of Palme or Coco which they draw forth of trees as we haue elsewhere obserued but their Ceremonies in drinking are thus First they bring forth their pot of drinke and then make a hole in the ground and put some of the drinke into it and after that cast in the Earth againe and thereon set their pot and with a little thing made of a Gourd take out of the same drinke and put it vpon the ground in three places and in diuers places they haue certaine bunches of the pils of Palme-trees set in the ground before them and there they put in some drinke doing great reuerence in all places to the same Palme-trees All these Ceremonies done the King tooke a cup of Gold in which they put Wine and whiles hee dranke all the people cryed Abaan Abaan with certaine other words and then they gaue drinke to euery one The like Ceremonies they vse in all the Countrey In Benin the people goe naked till they be married and then are clothed from the waste to the knees Their bread is a kind of Rootes called Inamia which when it is well sodden may be preferred before ours They haue here great spouts of water falling out of the Aire which if they light on a ship doe endanger the same They fall like the pillars of Churches As for those Voyages to those parts made by Rutter Fenner Ingram or others I referre them to Master Hackluyts Collections One writeth That the King of Benin hath sixe hundred Wiues with all which twice a yeere he goeth in pompe the Gentlemen haue some of them fourescore some fourescore and ten the meanest ten or twelue At Cape de Lope Gonsalues some pray to the Sunne others to the Moone or to certaine trees or to the Earth esteeming it a great sinne to spit vpon it from whence they receiue their food Men and women inke their bodies putting thereon grease mixed with colour They will not drinke before they put out some and drinke not when they eate They offer their wiues to strangers The King keepeth his Daughters when they are growne for Wiues and the Queenes with like incestuous abomination vse their Sonnes They paint their bodies red vse Bananas dried in stead of bread and lay all their meates in a dish together About the Castle of Mina they are subiect to such Wormes as Master Ienkinson hath obserued to grow vpon men at Bognar in Bactria by drinking the water of the Riuer there which are an Ell long and must be pulled out by degrees euery day a little if they breake by the way it is very dangerous The torture they cause is vnspeakeable they breed in the armes and legges yea sometimes in the yard and cod one man hath had ten of them at one time The Inhabitants of Benin obserue Circumcision and some other Superstitions which may seeme Mahumetan but are more likely to bee ancient Ethnike Rites For many Countreyes of Africa admit Circumcision and yet know not or acknowlege not Mahumetisme but are either Christians as the Cophti Abassines or Gentiles they cut or rase the skinne with three lines drawne to their Nauell esteeming it necessary to saluation They will not easily doe iniury to any especially a stranger They haue Birds in such respect that it is deadly to any that shall hurt them And some are appointed to haue a peculiar care of them and to prouide them food which they doe in high Mountaynes where they lay meate for them which they come and eate Arthus writes That the Inhabitants of Guinea giue Religious respect vnto certaine trees And in the yeere one thousand fiue hundred ninetie eight certaine Hollanders cutting them and not ceasing at the perswasion of Negro's whose Superstitions in that case they derided it passed from words to blowes betwixt them the Dutchmen were forced to get them to their ships one of their company being slaine in the chase But the Murtherer was offered to the Hollanders to be punished which they refusing his Countrimen cut off his head and quartered his bodie bestowing the one as a monument of reuenge ouer the slaine parties graue the other on the Fowles vnburied Their trees are alway greene some haue leaues twice a yeere They seldome see the Sunne either rising or going downe by the space of halfe of an houre Their Winter beginneth in Aprill which yet is their time of Haruest Mays was brought thither out of America In Aprill May and Iune they haue much raine and the same very dangerous to the bodie and rotting the clothes if it bee not presently dryed It is often as warme as if it were sodden They haue some Snakes thirty foot long as much as sixe men can carrie they haue also a beast like a Crocodile called Lanhadi we haue spoken of the like about Pegu and Bengala which neuer goeth into the water Spiders as bigge as the Palme of ones hand which doe not spinne store of Cameleons Dogges woolly with sharpe snouts of diuers colours which cannot barke driuen to the Market as sheepe tied one to another blue Parrets many sorts of Apes blacke Flyes which seeme to burne In Senega some Snakes haue mouthes so wide that they swallo a whole sheepe without tearing they haue winged Dragons with tayles and long mouthes with many teeth being blue and greene which some Negros worship They boare a hole in the Palme-wine tree whence issueth a white iuyce first sweete and after by standing it becomes sowre and after by standing it becomes sowre It is somewhat like the Coco-tree The Palmita is without branches the fruit growes on the top which within is like Pomegranates full of graines without of a golden colour They buy Gentilitie with gifts a Dog a Sheepe a Cow in their creation is obserued much solemnitie They know not how to number their yeeres but seeme
maruell if in India there were some great Christian Prince able to make a head against the Tartars in those times For euen in Cranganor are yet supposed to hee threescore and ten thousand Christians besides a great number in Negapatan and in Malipur and very many in Angamale and fifteene thousand on the North of Cochin where the Archbishop that dependeth on the Patriarke of Babylon or Mosul resided All which haue no communion with the Greeke Roman or Ethiopian Churches And for the Ethiopian names or crosses either their Merchants when their state was great or slaues which taken from them are euen in these times sold dearest of any other and mount to great preferments of warre vnder these Lords might leaue such impressions or some other which as they professed one Christ so might haue some wordes and ceremonies common with the Ethiopian although I must needes acknowledge that many of those crosses haue not crossed my way nor any other Ethiopian foot prints Pardon me gentle Reader if I seeme tedious in this dispute seeing it is necessarie both for the vnderstanding of the extent of the Power and Religion of this Precious or Priest Iohn and Scaliger hauing ascribed such large bounds to his Empire I could not but examine the same otherwise professing my selfe si non magis amica veritas euen willing if I must needs erre to erre with him who hath in many tongues and arts shewed himselfe perhaps the worthiest Generall and generallest Worthy against Error that euer wee haue had the Alpha of learned men in our Age as our learned Marton testifieth of him and a great light of learning acknowledged by Royall testimonie His authoritie I would not seeme to contemne and therefore haue entred this long search But Scaliger himselfe hath since altered his opinion in the last Edition of his Emendation in which these later Editions of this worke might haue excluded also this long dispute but that it may serue to illustrate both this and other parts of our Historie and therefore doe still suffer it to remayne HONDIVS his Map of the Abissine Empire ABISSINORUM REGNUÌ„ CHAP. IIII. Relations of the Aethiopian Empire collected out of ALVARES BERMVDESIVS and other Authors TO come now to the Aethiopian Greatnesse of this great Aethiopian his Title would be a sufficient Text for a more sufficient glosse then we can giue In a Letter to King Emanuel after diuers words concerning the Trinitie follow These Letters sendeth Atani Tinghill that is the Frankincense of the Virgin which was his name in Baptisme but at the beginning of his Raigne hee tooke to name Dauid the beloued of GOD Pillar of the Faith descended of the Tribe of Iuda Sonne of Dauid Sonne of Salomon Sonne of the Pillar of Sion Sonne of the seed of Iacob Sonne of the hand of Marie Sonne of Nahu according to the flesh Emperour of the Greater and Higher Aethiopia and of most large Kingdomes Territories and Iurisdictions the King of Xoa Caffate Fatigar Angote Baru Baaliganze Adea Vangue and Goiame where Nilus springeth Of Damaraa Vaguemedri Ambeaa Vagne Tigri-Mahon Of Sabaym the Countrey of the Queene of Saba of Barnagasso and Lord as farre as Nubia which confineth vpon Aegypt Heere are names enough to skarre a weake braine a great part whereof are now his as some say in Title onely For at this present if Barros and Botero bee beleeued his Neighbours haue much encroched vpon him as a little before we haue shewed a thing wholly denied by the later Relations of Frier Luys de Vrreta Yet seeing we are to trauell through all these Countreys we will leaue the question of dominion to him and his neighbours to try it with the sword Our pen shall peaceably point out the places and after that the conditions Barnagasso is the nighest to vs at least by the neere situation of the red Sea nighest to our knowledge It stretcheth from Suachen almost to the mouth of the Streyt and hath Abagni or Astapus on the South It hath no other Port on the red Sea but Ercocco Neither hath the Prete any other Port but this in all his Dominion being Land-locked on all sides Anno 1558. The Turks committed heere great spoile They haue since taken from the Prete all on the Sea side and specially that Port of Ercocco and the other of Suachen or Suaquem and forced the Gouernour or vnder-King of this Prouince to compound for a yeerely summe of a thousand ounces of Gold besides his Tribute to the Ethiopian To him are also subiect the Gouernmenrs of Dafila and Canfila And the Turke hath a Basla at Suaquem called by Ptolomey Sebasticum Tigri-Mahon lyeth betweene Nilus Marabo two Riuers Angote and the Sea Tigrai hath in it Cazumo which is supposed the Seat-Royall of that great Queen which visited Salomon Angote is between Tigre-Mahon Amara Heere in Amara is a steepe Hil dilating it selfe in a round forme many dayes iourny in compasse enuironing with the steepe sides and impassible tops thereof many fruitfull and pleasant Vallies wherein the kindred of the Prete are surely kept for the auoiding of all tumults and seditions Xoa hath store of corne and cattell Goiame hath plenty of Gold as Baguamedri hath siluer In Fatigar is a Lake on the top of a high mountaine twelue miles compasse abounding with great varietie of fish and thence runne many Riuers stored with the same fish Damne is ennobled with slauerie For the slaues that are hence caried captiues in Arabia Persia and Egypt proue good souldiers The greater part of this Kingdome are Gentiles and the residue Christians The Oxen as Bermudez relateth are almost as great as Elephants their hornes very great and serue for vessels to carie and keepe Wine and Water as Barrels or Tankerds There is found also a kinde of Vnicorne wilde and fierce fashioned like a horse of the bignesse of an Asse Neere hereunto he addeth a Prouince of Amazons whose Queene knoweth no man and is honoured as a goddesse they say they were first instituted by the Queene of Saba both like true as that which followeth of Griffons the Phoenix and fowles so bigge that they make a shaddow like a cloud Couche is subiect to Damur they are Gentiles The Prince called Axgugce that is Lord of riches he shewed vs saith Bermudez a Mountaine glistering in some places like the Sun saying all that was gold More gold is said there to be then in Peru or in these parts iron The head of the Monasteries of Amara Christned him Gradeus the Emperour being his God-father and named him Andrew Gueguere was sometimes called Meroe the Inhabitants are confederate with the Turkes and Moores against the Abissines Dancali and Dobas are neere the red Sea inhabited with Moores Many of these Countreys are diuersly placed by diuers through ignorance of the exact situations which Aluarez in his so many yeares trauell in those parts might well haue
Pilgrimage CHAP. VI. Relations of Aethiopia by GODIGNVS and other Authours lately published seeming more credible §. I. The seuerall Countreyes of Abassia Their Situation Inhabitants Riuers and Lakes IF I should haue left out the former Chapter for the vncertaine truth or certayne falshoods therein contayned some perhaps would eyther for the Pilgrims words or the Friers inuention haue desired it were it but as a Comedie to delight our tyred Reader For my selfe had my Intelligence so well serued me at first it had been easier then not to haue admitted then here now to haue omitted it I haue therefore suffered it still to enioy a place rather for your delight then credit and here would giue you those things that are more likely I hope I cannot warrant more true such as Nicolaus Godignus and others haue written some things being the same which before out of Aluares others are mentioned besides other things exacter or later And first of the Countrey it selfe Ioannes Gabriel Captayne of the Portugall Souldiers in these parts hath written that the Abassine Empire contayneth sixe and twentie Kingdomes in ancient right diuided in foureteene Regions eight of these Kingdome lye in successiue order from Swachen towards to West the first of which is Tigrai contayning seuenteene great Tracts vnder so many Lieutenants or Gouernours which rule all affaires of Peace and War The Turkes possesse the Sea parts the Saracens the Coast adioyning the Inland is inhabited promiscuously by Christians and Ethnicks They are blacke of hue deformed in shape in condition miserable of conditions wicked They haue goodly Riuers dryed vp in Summer where yet with little digging both water is found and fishes called Sagasi The next Kingdome to Tigrai is Daneali hauing the Red Sea on the East thence extending Westwards not farre nor fertile inhabited by Moores tributaries to the Abassine Angote Amara Boa Leca are foure Kingdomes inhabited by Christians only The seuenth Kingdome is very large of seuenteene Tracts partly inhabited by Ethnickes partly Christians it is called Abagamedri Dambea hath also Ethnickes mixed with Christians being but two Tracts On the other side of Dancali towards the Red Sea Aucaguerle trends alongst the Coast possessed by the Moores not subiect to the Abassine Adel followeth in twelue degrees Northerly in which is Zeila sometimes called Aualites a famous Mart the whole Kingdome is inhabited by Moores vnneighbourly Neighbours to the Abassines whence came Gradagna or Gradamar the Mahumetan King which had wel-nigh subdued all Aethiopia when the Portugals opposed themselues who after diuers ouerthrowes tooke him and cut off his head After this is Dahali which trendeth towardes Membaxas the Inhabitants some Christians some Ethnikes pay tribute to the Prete Oecie followeth more within land the Inhabitants Moores and Ethnikes subiect to the Abassine Arium and Fatigaer the next Kingdomes are Christian Zinger Ethnicke Rozanagum the sixteenth Kingdome is Christian but not subiect to the Abassine Empire From hence extend other Kingdomes towards the North Roxa of Ethnickes Goma of Christians and Ethnickes Such is Nerea a large Kingdome towards Monomotapa Zethe is inhabited by Ethnickes subiect to the Emperour The next are Conche and Mahaola small and altogether Ethnicke Goroma a great Kingdomoe of twenty Tracts Christians and Heathens almost wholly compassed by Nilus able for plenty to feed many Armies with which it is vsually infestect The Seedman followes the haruest man presently after the reaping sowes new Seed without other tillage The three last Kingdomes lye towards Egypt Damote Sua Iasculum through this euery Lent passe great troupes of Pilgrimes to Ierusalem The foureteene Regions or Prouinces I forbeare to mention Of all these Kingdomes at this day onely Tigrai Abagamedri Dambea and Goroma are obedient to the Abassine There are foure principall Riuers in this Aethiopia Taucea running from the South to the North the sandy Earth in the way continually stealing and vnderearth passages robbing him of the watery Tribute which he intendeth to the Sea neere it are high vnpassable Mountaynes inhabited by Abassine Iewes which still obserue the Mosaicall Law fierce and terrible to their Neighbours and could neuer be conquered by the Abassines The second Riuer is Oara exceeding Nilus in watery store which he bestoweth in like manner on the Countrey by which he passeth into the Zeilan Sea The waters are pleasant but the Abassine Christians will not drinke thereof because passing through the Countries of Mahumetans it yeelds them nourishment The third Riuer is Gabea which neere to Mombaza visits the Ocean The fourth is Nilus There are as many Lakes The first Aicha in Angote The second Dambeabahar that is the Sea of Dambea not farre from Gubbai where the Emperours in these times reside if they betake themselues out of their Tents into the City This Lake is sixty miles long and fiue and twenty broad receiues on one side the waters of Nilus is full of fishes and Riuer-horses which sometimes are dangerous to passengers two Iesuits in one of their Boates made of Rushes hardly escaping their assaults Many small Ilands are in this Lake in one of which is a Towre their Treasury and to which Malefactors are confined The third Lake is Zella in Oecie the fouth Xacala not farre from it §. II. Of the Soyle Fruits Creatures Seasons and Climate ANtonie Fernandes in an Epistle dated here in Iune 1610. numbreth aboue fortie Prouinces in Abassia but in substance agrees in the former The Soyle hee sayth is hollow and full of deepe Clifts in the midst of the plaine fields you shall often see steepe and high Rockes of solid stone which in time of warre serue them in stead of Forts The whole Region is full of Metals but neglected partly by the sloth of the Inhabitants partly for feare to bring Turkish Inuasions vpon them if such baits were discouered They take so much Iron only as they finde without digging on the face of the Earth Corne Herbes Trees are there in variety but these not excellent in their fruits except one the fruit whereof saues their liues by the vertue it hath against Wormes whereto this people is much subiect by their eating of raw flesh and therefore euery moneth purge themselues with this fruit they haue Peaches Pomegranates Citrons Indian Figges but not in great plenty They haue Hares Harts Goats Swine Elephants Camels Buffles Lions Panthers Tigres Rhinocerots and other like Beasts One so huge that a man on horsebacke may passe vpright vnder his belly feeding on leaues from the tops of trees and formed like a Camell Their Riuer-horses doe much harme to the fruits of the Earth being of Vast bodies and their mouth three quarters of a yard in the opening In the night they come forth and if the Husbandmen did not keepe diligent watch would doe extreme harme to the Corne they feed also on grasse In the water they are very fierce and like Dogges assault men and teare them They are so afraid of fire
principall although she be inferiour in bloud and her sonne succeeds And in seed-time and haruest the Queene goeth to the field and ouerseeth the stuffe esteeming it a great honour Thus farre out of Barrius Iohannes Boterus tels that his chiefe warriours are women namely certaine Amazones which seare off their left paps as Odoardo d Lopez reporteth lest they should hinder their shooting after the manner of the ancient Amazones they are quick bold couragious and constant in battaile and most constant in inconstancie for when they make shew of flight they will returne espying their aduantage with the greatest fury They dwell in certaine Countries by themselues and at certaine times haue men to accompany with them for generation to whom they send their Males reseruing all the Female Children which they haue Thus we find Amazons which the Ancients reported in Asia and Diodorus in Libya now in these times if this report bee true in Aethiopia and Huldericus Shmidel hath told of the like in America Others deny it and none hath yet written of them from his owne sight For my part no Amazonian hath yet conquered my credit In the yeere 1560. Consaluus Silueria with two other Iesuites went from Goa to the Kingdomes of Inhamban and Monomotapa and comming to Inhamban they went to Yonge the City Royall where they baptized the King and all his people in a short space naming the King Constantine the Queene Mary Thence went Consaluus to Monomotapa and so preuailed with his Images Preaching and contempt of the World that he wanne the King and his Mother with multitudes of others to Baptisme But soone after the King by suggestion of the Moores slue him Sebastian in reuenge raysed an Armie of sixteene hundred most of them being Gentlemen which he sent vnder the conduct of Francis Barretto The Benomotapa fearing the Portugals forces offered reasonable conditions which Barretto refusing was discomfited not by the Negro but by the Ayre the malignity whereof the sowre sauce of all these Golden Countryes in Africa consumed his people There are other Kingdomes adioyning to Monomotapa and the Mountaynes of the Moone Matana Melemba Quinbebe Berteca Bauagul of which I can giue you but the names §. II. Of Caphraria the Cape of Good Hope and Soldania CAphraria or the Land of the Caphars is next to bee considered which Maginus boundeth betweene Rio di Spirito Sancto and Cape Negro extending to the Cape of Good Hope Southwards Why hee should call this part the Caphars I know not for the Arabians of whom this word is borrowed giue that name to all the Heathen people in Africa yea both the Arabians and all of their Religion call all such as receiue not that Superstition Caphars euen Christians also as Master Ienkinson long since told vs And for the Heathens in Africa Barrius affirmeth that it is by the Moores giuen to them all signifying Without Law or lawlesse people Zanguebar is in this respect called Cafraria It should seeme it is appropriated to these the Southerliest Nations of Africa for want of other the more true proper names which were vnknowne With the names of the Capes and other places of note Master Pory hath already acquainted his English Reader Onely that notable and famous Cape of Good Hope so named by Iohn the Second King of Portugall for that hope which he conceiued of a way to the Indies when it was first discouered deserueth some mention It hath three head-lands the Westermost beareth name of Good Hope the middlemost Cabo Falso because they haue sometimes in their returne from the Indies mistaken this for the former betweene which two Capes runneth into the Sea a mighty Riuer called by the Portugals Rio dulce which springs out of a Lake called Gale situate among the Mountaynes of the Moone so much celebrated by the ancient Geographers The third and Eastermost is that of Agulhas or Needles about fiue and twenty leagues from the first both which seeme as two hornes wherewith it threatens the Ocean which in these parts is found oftentimes tempestuous and when it cannot preuayle against this rough-faced and horned Promontory it wrekes the whole malice vpon the ships whose ribs in the enraged fits it would breake if they were of Iron as Linschoten testifieth of his owne experience True it is that sometimes it is passed with more ease but not so vsually and Linschoten tels that at his returne from India the Saint Thomas a new Carricke was heere cast away and their ship wherein he sayled in such danger that one while they prayed another while murmured another time would returne backe and the Captaine professed no small maruell why our Lord suffered such good Catholikes to indure such torments and the English Heretickes and Blasphemers to passe so easily The waues there sayth hee strike against a ship as if they strucke against a Hill that if it were of stone it would at last be broken Capaine Lancaster traded with the people neere these parts and for two Kniues bought an Oxe for one a Sheepe c. in good quantity Their Sheepe are great with great tailes but hairy not woolled Their Oxen great not fat but well fleshed The Captaine killed there an Antelope as bigge as a Colt There were diuers great beasts vnknowne to them When they had passed this Cape they lost their Admirall Captaine Raimond and neuer saw them or heard of them more And foure dayes after they found as terrible an Enemy from aboue and encountred with a Thunder clap which slue foure of their men out-right their neckes being wrung asunder And of fourescore and fourteene men there was not one vntouched but some were blind others bruised in their legs and armes or brests others drawne out as if they had beene racked which all yet God be thanked did after recouer The same Sir Iames Lancaster was after this sent Generall for the East India Company which hauing made a stocke of threescore and twelue thousand pound bought the Dragon of sixe hundred tunnes the Hector of three hundred the Ascension of two hundred fourescore the Susan of two hundred and threescore and sent in them in Merchandize and Spanish Money to the value of seuen and twenty thousand pound The Scorbute so weakened their men that they were not able to hoyse out their Boates except in the Generals ship whose men drinking euery morning three spoonefuls of the juyce of Limons were healthfull He bought a thousand sheepe in Soldania and forty two Oxen as bigge as ours the sheepe greater but hairy and might haue bought more for old Iron The people he sayth are tawny Cornelius Houtman sayth Oliue blacke blacker then the Brasilians their haire curled and blacke as in Angola not circumcised clocke like a brood-hen in speaking paint their faces with diuers colours strong actiue swift subiect to Monomotapa they slue some Flemings for wrongs which made the English warie in trading with them
but a Bay and vncertaine what that of Hudson is the most of which is discouered impassible Yet Hopes are not quite extinct we must expect Gods pleasure and future Discoueries for this passage It seemes that most of all those Seas in the North parts beyond New-found-land are intermixed with Ilands a Maze and Labyrinth to the Discouerer In this Voyage and Bay they saw many of those fishes called Sea-Vnicornes such as wee haue mentioned in Sir Martin Frobishers Nauigation some of which fishes are twelue or sixteene foot long the horne seeming to hold the proportion of two thirds in length to their bodies and of these it seemes are those in Venice and other places reserued as great Iewels Greater Iewels are those Merchants and Mariners which to the glory of our Nation spare no cost and feare no danger in these their attempts Resolute gallant glorious attempts which thus seeke to tame Nature where she is most vnbridled in those Northeasterly Northwesterly Northerly Borders where she shewes her selfe al Borderer indeed and to subdue her to that gouernment and subiection which God ouer all blessed for euer hath imposed on all sensible creatures to the nature of Man resembling in one Image and abridgment both God and the World consisting of a spirituall and bodily visible and inuisible subsistence How shall I admire your Heroike courage yee Marine Worthies beyond all names of worthinesse that neyther dread so long eyther presence or absence of the Sunne nor those foggie mysts tempestuous winds cold blasts Snowes and Haile in the Ayre nor the vnequall Seas which might amaze the hearer and amate the beholder where the Tritons and Neptunes selfe would quake with chilling feare to behold such monstrous Icie Ilands renting themselues with terrour of their owne massines and disdayning otherwise both the Seas souereigntie and the Suns hottest violence mustering themselues in those watery Plaines where they hold a continual ciuill warre and rushing one vpon another make windes and waues giue backe seeming to rent the eares of others whiles they rent themselues with crashing and splitting their congealed Armours nor the riggid ragged face of the broken Lands sometimes towring themselues in a lofty height to see if they can find refuge from those snowes and colds that continuall beate them somtimes hiding themselues vnder some hollow Hilles or Cliffes sometimes sinking and shrinking into Valleyes looking pale with snowes and falling in frozen and dead swounds sometimes breaking their necks into the Sea rather imbracing the waters then the Ayres cruelty and otherwhile with horrible Earthquakes in heat of indignation shaking asunder to shake off this cold and heauy yoke Great God to whom all names of greatnesse are little and lesse then nothing let me in silence admire and worship thy greatnesse are little and lesse then nothing let mee in silence admire and worship thy greatnesse that in this little Heart of man not able to serue a Kite for a a breake-fast hast placed such greatnesse of spirit as the World is too little to fill only Thy selfe the Prototype and Samplar of this Modell canst with thine owne selfe becomming all in all vnto vs fill and more then satisfie Thee I beseech to prosper in this and like attempts this Nation of ours that as in greater light then to Others thou hast giuen vs thy Sonne so with him thou wilt giue all things euen this among other blessings that thy Virgin Truth by Virginian Plantation or Northerly Discouery may triumph in her conquests of Indian infidelity maugre the brags of that Adulteresse that vaunteth her selfe to be the only Darling of God and Nature CHAP. IIII. Of Newfoundland Noua Francia Arambec and other Countries of America extending to Virginia §. I. English Discoueries and Plantations in Newfoundland LEauing those vnknowne and frozen Lands and Seas although there is yet knowne no frozen Sea otherwise then as you haue heard let vs draw somwhat neerer the Sunne gently marching as the situation of Regions shall direct vs lest if we should suddenly leape from one extremitie to another wee should rather exchange then auoid danger And here we haue by Land Saguenay and many Countries of Canada which the French haue stiled by a new name of New France and by the Sea the Ilands many in number and much frequented for their plenty of fish commonly called Newfoundland which name some ascribe to an I le others to diuers Ilands and broken Lands which the French call Bacalos vpon the gulfe and entrance of the great Riuer called Saint Lawrence in Canada This Riuer some call the Strait of the three Brethren some Saint Lawrence and others Canada It farre exceedeth any Riuer of the elder World It beginneth sayth Iaques Cartier beyond the Iland of Assumption ouer against the high Mountaynes of Honbuedo and of the seuen Ilands The distance from one side to the other is about fiue and thirtie or forty leagues In the middest it is about two hundred fathome deepe There are great store of Whales and Sea-horses From the entrance vp to Hochelaga is three hundred leagues Many Ilands are before it offering of their good nature to be mediators betweene this haughty streame and the angry Ocean many others all alongst his passage he holdeth in his louing vnlouely lap washing and hugging them with his ruder imbracings The former are vsually frequented and were first discouered by the English the other by the French Of Sebastian Cabot his proceeding this way is spoken already Robert Thorne in a Treatise of his before mentioned affirmeth that his Father and one Master Eliot were the Discouerers of the Newfoundland and exhorted King Henry to vndertake the search of the Indies by the Pole which he held to be nauigable Vpon this motion 1527. the King sent two ships as Hall and Grafton mention in their Chronicles one of which ships was cast away about the North parts of Newfoundland the other shaping her course towards Cape Briton and the Coasts of Arambec or as some call it Norumbega returned home Iohn Rut wrote a Discourse hereof to the Honourable Kings Grace of England that I may borrow his owne words wherein he declareth their coasting and the height of some places as Cape Bas in 52. degrees and 25. leagues thence Cape Ras c. They found there eleuen Sayle of Normans one Briton and two Portugall Barkes fishing Albertus de Prate another of them wrote another Iournall to Cardinall Wolsey More tragicall was the successe of Master Hores company which set our nine yeeres after in this Discouery but by famine were brought to such extremities that many of the company were murthered and eaten by their fellowes And those which returned were so altered that Sir William Buts a Norfolke Knight and his Lady knew not their Sonne Master Thomas Buts one of this starued number but by a secret marke namely a War◠which Nature had sealed on one of his knees The commod ties
with the Queenes Letters Commandement was giuen to a Gentleman with fifty Huntsmen to attend the speedy bringing vp of the Presents I had commendation for the seruice done about Queene Magnus Bodan Belscoie the chiefe Fauourite to the old Emperor was now sent to a remote Town and Castle called Casan in displeasure as a man feared to sow discontent in the Nobility Peter Gollanine chiefe Treasurer to the old Emperour and peremptory against Boris was likewise sent away vnder the conduct of Iuan Voiacoue a Fauourite of the Protectors and on the way to Musco was dispatched of his life Kneaz Iuan Suscoy a prime Prince of the bloud one in commission for the Gouernment was commanded to depart the Court and City of Musco to his owne repose surprised with a Coronels Guard and not farre off the City was smothered in a Cottage with wet hay and stubble set on fire Thus were the chiefe blockes remoued out of the Godonoues way many more were quarrelled and by degrees had the like measure I was sorry to see in what hatred the Protector grew with the people He tooke me out with him at the Posterne with small attendance besides his Falconers to see his Gerfalcons flye at the Crane Herne and Swanne Princely pastimes for their hardy Hawkes not caring for their killing hauing such choyse but a beggerly Fryer wished him to hast home speedily all were not his friends Some fiue hundred horse young Nobles and Courtiers were comming to meet the Protector for honour to attend him as was said to the Citie His meaning was that none should know of his going out He followed the Fryers aduice ventured the Ford a neerer way and was at the Castle gate before that company could come about I saw him perplexed and glad that he had recouered the Palace where Bishops Dukes Gentlemen and other Suters attended him and could not at other times come in his sight in three or foure dayes together he passing by a priuy way I prayed him to looke backe the rather because they should not enuy my passing with him to shew himselfe on the Terras He cast a displeasing countenance on mee yet stayed and went towards them saluted many and tooke their Petitions great acclamations were made God saue Boris Fedorowich his health He told them he would present their Petitions to the Emperour They answere Thou most Noble Lord art King say thou the word and it is done I recite this because I perceiued his liking and ayme at the Crowne My Presents were now come the day appointed that I must againe appeare before the Emperour from her Maiesty with a Gentleman of good esteeme and was as well mounted as he attended with twenty men in faire Liueries my selfe attyred after their fashion stayed in a withdrawing Roome till the Emperour and Empresse had viewed out of the Palace windowes the Bull Dogges and Lions a goodly white Bull all spotted with naturall black dapples his gorge hanging downe to his knees washed with Sope and sleeked ouer with a greene veluet Collar studded and a red Rope made to kneele before the Emperour and Empresse and standing vp looked fiercely on euery side appearing some other strange beast which they call Buenall twelue goodly masty Doggs with Roses and Collars in like fashion led by twelue men two faire Lions brought forth of their Cages drawne on Sleds c. The Emperour being set in his Chaire of State I was sent for in my men carrying their Presents in their hands most pieces of curious Plate I deliuered my Speech the Emperour said little shewed good countenance and the Chancellor whispering in his eare stood vp put off his Cap and said he was glad to heare that his louing Sister Queen Elizabeth was in good health and therewith I was dismissed in manner as I came The perticulars of the Presents were deliuered in a Schedule to the Lord Treasurer There followed me Iuan Shamadaiao a Kinsman of the Lord Protectors with a hundred and fifty dishes of all sorts of meates for my Dinner from the Emperour Drinkes Bread and Spice sent by one hundred and fifty Gentlemen thorow the streets to my Lodging I presented the chiefe a cloth of Scarlet garment and rewarded each of the others The next day my friends their Priests Officers c. came as the manner is to make merry with that cheere The Protector spent a whole day in viewing the Prouisions sent him hee and the Empresse his Sister liking all admiring nothing more then the Organs and Virginals neuer hauing seene or heard the like before Ready mony was sent 4500. pounds and my choyce of one of three Horses sent by the Master of his Horse esteemed worth 300. Markes Hee sent me by another three thousand pounds in fine Siluer Coyne of his free gift and earnest of his fauour I was continually remembred with other gifts in bountiful measure so that Townes Monasteries Officers Merchants Natiue and Forreigne made vse of my fauour to procure Freedomes and Exemptions The Emperour I might say the Lord Protector being possessed of so great a Treasure knew not how to make vse thereof to illustrate his fame The Persian and Georgian both inuaded by the Turke were Sutors for ayde Hee lent the Persian 200000. pounds for fiue yeeres gratis and halfe so much to the Georgian King Hereupon grew a quarrell betwixt the Turke and the Moscouite The Protector ambitious of greater Rule or Title rather sent Knez Pheodor Forresten in Embassage to the King of Denmarke about a Match with his Daughter and Hartique Hans the Kings third Sonne little was resolued till foure yeeres after Alphonaze Masoloue Secretary of State was sent to Maximilian the Emperour with great and rich Presents and offer of ayde against the Turke in Hungary if he would procure passage for an Army thorow Poland of King Stephen which the Emperour could not effect and in liew thereof desiring by his Embassadours sent into Russia the lone of 300000. Rials such hostage was desired for assurance that the effect was frustrate and proued ridiculous and vnfortunate the Turke setting the Crimme on the Russe with a huge Army which cost the Moscouite infinite charge and losse of men The Pole and Swethen combined also recouered their ancient Territories the Russe at that time being employed in new Conquests in Siberia whence Chiglicaloth the Emperour with his Mother and best murseys were brought to the Musco where they liued with better mayntenance then in their owne Country I saw the King there doe many feats of actiuity on Horseback and Foot He told me of men of like complection to me in his Country taken with a Ship two yeeres before intending to passe vp the Ob to seeke Cathay The discontented Nobility now practised against the Protectors greatnesse which hee durst not then take notice of Soone after a practice was discouered to poyson the young Prince Demetrius his Mother and all that Family guarded in Ouglets Also Mekita Romanowich
they haue new husbands if the former bee absent twentie dayes 369. In Thebet 430. In China 468. 469. In Pegu 502 503. Of Bengalans 508. 509 Indians 678. About Goa 544 545. Of Bramanes 547. 548 In Calecut 549. Of Brasilians 919. In Peru 935. In Golchonda 1000 Marriage of Parents and children 64. Iew more Christian then the Papist in preferring Marriage before the seeming-holy Vow of Virginitie 214 Malebar vide Malabar Maranatha a kind of Excommunication of the Iewes 100. What it signifieth 101 Mars how worshipped in Scythia 396. 397 Marsyas flayed quicke 330 Marthus and Marthana 134 Martyrs in all Religions 28. Of the Turkes 315. 316. 317. 318 Maruthas Bishop 362 Masbothaei or Masbothenai a Sect of the Iewes 135 Masorites 165 Masoreth 169. 170 Massalians 134 Massagerae their Religion and Rites 399 Mathematicall Instruments in China 468. Their skill in the Mathematicks ibid. Iesuits get credit there by them 469 Marstach an hearbe which maketh mad 316 Mattins of the Iewes 185. 186. seq Mauiitania Caesariensis Mauri Maurusij 675. 676. Their miserable life ibid. Women Prophetesses ibid. Mauritius the Emperour 380. seq Mausolus his Tombe 335 Maxes their Rites 667 Maximinus his huge stature 32 Mays 806 Mazalcob Mazal and Mazaloth 70 Meaco a Citie in Iapon 595. 596 Measures inuented by Cain 29 Meats prohibited to the Aegyptian Priests 642. 643 Meats forbidden in Loango 770 By the Mahumetans 257 Mecca taken and conuerted to Islamisme 1015. The Pilgrimages thither 255. 267. 268. 269. seq Description of Mecca 267 273. The description of the Mosquita there 269 Mecca spoyled of the Black-stone 1035 Medes 37. The story of the Medes 349. 350. seq Media whence so called 349. The description thereof 350. seq The diuision thereof 351. 352 Medina described 271. Conuerted to Islamisene 1014 Mediterranean Sea 575 Medan and Merou 728 Medina and Mecca spoyled 1022 Megalobyzi certaine Priests so called 337 Megasthene his testimony of Nebuchodonosor 49. Of Darius Medus 61 Megauares their Rites 667 Mehokekim who so called 99 Meletius Patriarch of Alexandria 659 Melici or Melchia Sect 704 Melinde 754 Memphis or Noph 631 Memnon 79. His speaking Image ibid. Menas King of Aegypt 631. 632 Mendao a great Citie 812 Mengrelia the sauation and description thereof 347. The state of the present Mengrelians 347 Menon husband of Semiramis 66 Menudde and Menudim 98 Mereury 77 Mercuries certaine Planets so called 51 Meroe Iland described 727. 728 Their Rites ibid. Their Table of the Sunne 728. 729 Merists or Merissaeans 135 Merwan the 11. Chalifa poysoned by his Wife 1022 Meshech Mesehini and Mazaca 37 Melchisedech 121 Merdin a Citie and Patriarchall See 67 Mermaids 626 Merwan the 21. Chalifa his gluttony 1026 Mescuites or Moschees and the Ceremonies in them 266 999 Mesopotamia why so called and how situate 65. Mesopotamian Cities 64 Messa and tales thereof 165 Messias of the Iewes 142. 207. seq Counterfeit Messias 143 144. Dreames of an earthly Messias 162. Of the signes of the comming of the Iewes Messias 207. 208. seq Two Messiasses expected ibid. Iewish Messias his Feast 201 Meta Incognica discouered and described 811. 812 Metasthenes 62 Metempsychosis 471. 469 Menis Iland 941 Master MetholdsVoyage and obseruations 993. seq Methra and Mithra 57. 372 Metsr the name of Cairo and all Aegypt 655 Mexico why so called 862. seq The foundation thereof and strange Expedition thither ibid. Mexico entred by the Spaniards 862. Besieged taken and rebuilt 863. Their seuerall peoples 864. The history of their Kings 865. 866. Their Orations 866 Coronations ibidem Ominous prodigies and ancient Tributes 867. The present state thereof 868. 869. Their Gods Goddesses and worship in Mexico 869 870. Their horrible Sacrifices 871. Their Priests 871. 872 Their Temples 873. 874. Their Monasteries 874. 875. Their Rites and Opinions 876. 877 Their bloudie Processions ibid. Their Baptismes and Education of their children 877. Their Punishments Mariages Funerals 878. Supputation of times 879 Their opinion of fiue Sunnes ibid. Their Feasts and Festiuall rites 880. 881. Of Transubstantiation ibid. Their Iubilee Reliques Lent Processions 881 Other rites 882. Their Schooles Theaters Writings Hieroglyphicks Bookes Whistling 883 Their manner of Numbering ibid. Their opinion of the Soule ibid. Michaels borne a Iewish Miracle before the comming of the Messias 209. 210 Midas his Story 231 Middleton viz. Sir Henry Middleton his Story 582. 583. seq His death 610 Mina a superstitious place 247. A Castle so called 306. A Summe 119 Mindanao Iland her extent and Cities 578 Minaei or Minim 129 Mines how deadly 760. In barren soyles ibid. Mines of Sofala 759. Of the West Indies and what thoy cause men to doe 483. 781 Mine of Diamants 1002 Miracles reported of the Sytian Goddesse 67. 68. Of Beelzebub why applyed to Christ 81. The Popish Miracles ibid. Iewish Dreames of Miracles 164. 165 208. 209 Miracles of the Arabians 228. Of Mahomet 243. Disclaimed by him 244. False ibid. Of Turkes 315. seq Of Tartars 406 407. seq In China 447. 448 seq Amongst the Brachmanes 478. 479. As Ganges 509 510. Of the Mogoll 520. Of the Bramenes 547. In Iapon 592. In Zeiland 616. 617. At Cyprus 584. At Golchonda 999 Miralmumim his building Marocco and other his Acts 234. The Prince of Beleeuers ibid. Miriam Fountain 193 Mislates King of Persia his reigne 361 Mithres and Mithra 57. 372. The Sunne and Fire ibid. Mithridates 329. From him the Antidote Mithridate so called ibid. His cruell Edict 335 Mizraim and his Posterity 37. The name of Cairo 652 Moabites 85 Mogores 512 Mogor or Mogol why so called 515 Mogol Tartars 426. 427. The Great Mogor his large Dominions 515. The disposition and course of Echeber 516. His Religion and his new Sect ibid. His conquests in Decan 517. 518 His huge presents 517. Other Conquests 518. His death 519 The Succession and Title of Selim 519. 520. The Mogors Religion ibid. The storie of that State by Captaine Hawkins 520. 521. The Mogor his great Riches Reuinues Feodaries Iewels c. 521. 522. The meanes of his riches ibid. His Elephants and other beasts 522. 523. His progresse and enemies 523. His deuotions and daily course of life 523 524. His sitting in Iustice and Feasts 524. The Sepulchre of his Father ibid The settling of the English trade and of the two Sea-fights betwixt the English and Portugals 524 525. Trauels of English through the Mogors dominions 526. 528 529. Diuers superstitions of the Mogor 530. 531. seq Of the People subiect to the Mogol and of their Countries Religion and Rites 534 535 536 Moha in the Red Sea 583. The Iourny of Sir Henry Middleton thence to Zenan and back again 583. 584. 585. The description and situation of Moha 584 Mohel a Iewish Circumciser 180. Molucca Ilands the situation and description thereof 578. 604. 605 Moloch and Melchom Idols 86 Mombaza 755 Mongol a Countrie of Tartars 401 Monkes pay tribute 1023 Monsters
number specially obserued by the Tartars 404. 419 Nisibis peopled by the Iewes 64 Nisroch an Assyrian Idoll 66 Nitocris not inferiour to Semiramis 49 Noah his wife 29. His Sacrifice 33. 35. His Posteritie 36. The names giuen him by Heathens 44. Zabij their conceit of him 49. Worshipped by the Armenians 344 Nomades Vide Tartars Scythians Arabians Turkes Northeast Discouery 792 North and Northwest 801. 828 Noses flat a great beautie with Tartars 420. With Chinois 436. In Brasill 906. People that haue no Noses 149. Short Noses esteemed beauty 518 Noua Albion 853. 854 Noua Zimla 856. Hollanders wintering there and their long night ibid. Noyra an Indian Fowle 564 Nubae and Nubia 723. 1026 Numas Temple of Vesta 9 Fable of Aegeria 27 Numidia described 706. 707. seq Nunnes of Mithra 57. Nunnes in China 465. 466. In Comar 478. Amongst the Indians 479. In Pegu 505. In Iapon 592. In Mexico 896 Nunnes wile to preserue her chastitie 1027 Nutmegs how growing 569 Nymphaeum 68 Nymphes 87 O OAnnes a strange Monster 47. 80 Ob Riuer 432 Obedience of selfe-killing vpon command 1041 Obeliske of Semiramis at Babylon 49 Obeliske in Aegypt 633. In Aethiopia 726 Oblations of the Iewes 115. Gifts or Sacrifices 115. 116 Ocaca Rockes and the Confessing there 596. 597 Occada the Tartarian Emperour his Reigne 405. 406 Ochon his Acts 235 Ochus the Persian 647 Odia a great City 782 Offerings 115. Burnt Offerings 116. Meat Offerings and Peace Offerings ibid. Personall Offerings 119. 120 Ogge the Giant his huge bones 210 Ogiges his Floud 34 Ogoshasama his Acts 591 Oisters wonderfull great 513 Oisters with Pearles 566 Old Man of the Mountaine 218 219 Omar and his Acts 215 Omar sonne of Alchittab succeeded Abubecr in the Califate 1018. He conquered Persia Syria Egypt and Palaestina 1019 His Priuiledges granted to Ierusalem ibid. He is killed ibid. Omar sonne of Abdulacis the fifteenth Chalifa 1025. Hee was Iust Deuout Religious ibid. Omarca or Omorka 47 Onias built a Temple in Aegypt 104. 651. His City Onion ibid. Onions worshipped of the Chaldees 52. Of the Aegyptians 634 How vsed at Fez Ophir the situation and description thereof 756. Supposed Sofala ibid. Ophitae a Sect of Iewes 135 Opium much eaten by Turkes 303. Where it groweth 570 Oracles at Hierapolis at Delphos and Daphne 70. 356. 357. Of the Aegyptians 643. 644. Of Iupiter Ammon 665. 666 Orbs how many supposed 8. But supposed ibid. Oram or Oran 678 Ordnance by whom inuented 527 Called Metal-deuils Fire-breathing Buls c. ibid. Orenoque Riuer 898 Orion or Otus a Giant 32 Orimazes and Arimanius 367 Orissa or Orixa how situate 511 512 Orites certaine people of India 37 Orontes a Riuer 72 Orodes or Herodes 353 Ormisda King of Persia his reigne 363 Ormuz lately taken by the Persians 580 Orpha a Towne in the way from Byr to Babylon 64 Osel or Ossell an Iland in the Balticke Sea 981 Osiris 78. His Legend 635. 636 Feast of seeking Osiris 114 Ossens 133 Ostriges 625 Othes of the Hasidees 125. Of the Pharisees 128. Of the Mahumetans 256 Otoman Family of the Turkes 281. 282 Otoman or Osman his Exploits 282. 283. seq His Murther 294. 295 Otsman the fourth Emperour of the Muslims 1020. Hee is accused and killed ibid. Owle obserued by the Tartars and had in great reuerence 403 Oxe of huge greatnesse 210. 853 vide Behemoth Oxe-fish 913. 914 Oxus a Riuer running vnder ground 402 Oyle-fountaine 395 Ozimen or Odmen 275 P PAchacamac 935 Pacorus his Exploits 354 Pagods and Varelles in Pegu 505. In Bengala 509. In Goa 545 Palace of Benhadad 233. Of Golchonda 995 Palaestina the situation and description thereof 83. 84. 91. The last Inhabitants thereof 213 Palicat a Dutch Fort in East India 964 Palme-wine 564 Palmita 563. Called Taddye ibid. Palladius his Horsemanship 342 Pantogia his Chinian Iourny 414 His Opinions of China ibid. Paphlagonia how situate 330 Whence so called ibid. Paquin chiefe Citie of China whither Cambalu 439. 440. The description thereof 440 Paradise the differing Opinions concerning it 15. seq The Riuers and Fruit thereof 15. 16 17. Mercators Map thereof 16. Two Paradises 161. Golden Tree in Paradise 263 Paradise of Aladeules 64. 380. Of the Iewes 206. Of Mahomet 253. 254. 263. Of Turkes 313 Of the Siamites Parents how to bee esteemed 516 Paria the situation and description thereof 899 Parchment why so called 318 Pariacaca Hils in Peru of strange qualitie 934 Parthians their History 62 Parasceue 110 Parrots and the seuerall kinds 565 Troublesome to some Countries as Crowes here 816 Parthia the situation and description thereof 352. 353 Paschall Feast 110. How obserued ibid. seq Paschall Lambes how many in one Feast and how vsed ibid. How the Moderne Iewes prepare to it and obserue it 194. 195 Passarans a kinde of Indian Essees 610 Paste-god of the Mexicans or Transubstantiation 881 Patricius his Chaine of the World 7. His Opinion of the Moone 16. Of Zoroasters Opinions 142 Patriarches of Constantinople 324. The other Patriarches and Easterne Bishops 325. The Patriarch of Aleandria 659. Patriarches of Aethiopia 752 Patane a Citie and Kingdome 495. 511. The Description thereof and of the Neighbouring petty Kingdomes 495. 496 497 Patenaw a Kingdome 511. 512 Paulina abused by Mundus in Isis Temple 635 Peace-offerings of the Iewes 116 Pearles how fished for 566. Where the best ibid. How ingendred ibid. Peacockes had in high account 412 Pegu the situation thereof 498. The greatnesse of the King of Pegu 498. 499. The commodities of Pegu and the Kingdomes adioyning thereunto ibidem The destruction and desolation of Pegu 500. 501. 502. The Elephants there white ibid. 503. The Peguan Rites Customes 502 503. seq Their dwelling in Boats 504. Temples Images Priests 505. 506. Their opinions of God the World the state after death their originall 507 Deuotions to the Deuill Munday Sabbaths Washings Feasts ibid. Their opinions of Crocodiles and Apes and their Funerals 507. 508. The King of Pegu his entertainment to the English 1006 Pehor and Baal Pehor 85 Peleg why so called 95 Pentecost 195 Penguins a kinde of Fowles where found and the description of them 716 Pepper how it groweth 569 Pella a Citie of refuge 132. 133 Penance vide Punishment Pergamus and Pergamenae 335 Perimal King of Malabar 550 617. The signe of Perimal erected 553. 617. His Generation 560 Permacks their Religion and Rites 432 Permians 431. They are subiect to the Russe their manner of liuing 431. 432 Persis 141. 142 Persecution of Christians 1024 Persia the situation thereof 356 The Persians whence descended ibidem The beginning of the Persian Monarchie by Cyrus 356. 357 The succession of Cyrus and Cambyses 358. The succeeding Persian Monarchs vntill Alexanders Conquest 359. 360. The Persian Chronologie 360. sequitur The Kings of the first and second Dynastie 360. 361 362. sequitur Persian magnificence and other their Antiquities 365. 366. Their Riches Epicurisme Excesse in Apparell Dyet
Kings and Princes who before in that Countrey vsed no Physicians He published neere an hundred bookes manie of Physicke some of Philosophie a Dictionarie of Herbes and Stones Verses of the Soule c. He liued eight and fiftie yeeres and dyed in Hamadan He had runne thorow all Arts at eighteene Thus Ben-Casem But others affirme that a certaine Physician flourishing of great note vpon whom no praying nor paying could fasten a Disciple lest the secrets of his Art should bee made common the mother of Auicenna offers her sonne to doe him seruice in decoctions and other meaner offices which hee could not doe himselfe nor was there feare of danger from him whom nature had made deafe and therefore dumbe Hee made tryals and found Auicenna deafe as he thought and entertayned him who watched his times and transcribed his bookes and notes sending them closely to his Mother which after his mothers death hee published in his owne name Damascus is called of the Arabians Sciam and Demasc of the Syrians Darmsuc It is luxurious in Fruits of all kinds rich in Oliues and Yron of excellent temper by nature and so bettered by Art that no Helme or Shield can withstand it It is seated in a large Plaine at the roots of Libanas there called Hermon sixe miles in compasse double walled with a strong square Tower in the midst built by a Florintine beautified with Springs Market-places publike Buildings Meskits Bathes Canes and all sorts of like weauing and in all ancient times with Learning and learned men Here flourished Saint Damascen and heere Almotannabbi excelled in Arts and Armes emulous of Mahomet but not with like successe Hee was called Nabion that is The Prophet this Motannabbi that is Prophecying hee wrote the Alcoran elegantly and eloquently this excelled in Prose and Verse both had Followers but this mans Disciples after his death were disperst which hapned A. H. 354. Ben-Casem also relates that Mohamed Abi Abdillah professed Philosophie in this Citie and to dispute with all commers and wrote a huge Booke De vnitate existendi principiorum He dyed there A.H. 638. Aleppo is called of the Inhabitants Haleb the chiefe Mart of all the East frequented by Persians Indians Armenians and all Europians The Port is Scanderoone called by the Inhabitants Escanderuneh The soyle is very fertile and nourisheth abundance of Silke-wormes A.H. 922. Sultan Selim tooke it and found therein infinit wealth Sciarfeddin which wrote the Victories of the Othomans in two Tomes saith that it had of Gold and Siluer coyned 1150000. a mightie masse vncoyned Vests of cloath of Gold tissued or wrought with gold silk and scarlet aboue 300000. besides abundance of Gems Pearls And besides other wealth innumerable it had eight Armories well furnished It now flourisheth in the next place to Constantinople and Caito and may be called Queene of the East Here are store of Gems Amber Bengeoin Lignum Aloes and Muske which is taken from a little reddish beast beaten with many blowes on one place that the bloud may all come thither Then is the skin so swolne and full of bloud bound straight that the bloud may not issue and put into one or more bladders is dryed on a beasts backe till the bladder fall off of it selfe and that bloud after a moneth becomes excellent Muske At Aleppo was borne that great Grammarian Othaman Abu Homar surnamed Ben-ellhhageb which wrote Cafia and Sciafia of Grammer and dyed A. H. 672. CHAP. III. The Life of Mahumet Mahammed or Muhammed the Saracen Law-giuer §. I. Mahumets Life after the Histories of Christians THe life of Mahomet is at large described by diuers Authors but I finde it no where so fully as before the Alcaron in the Italian Edition the sum whereof and of the other reports touching the same is this Ismael was the first according to that Italian Author others ascribe it to Abraham that built the Temple at Mecca and hauing to wife an Egyptian Idolatresse had by her twelue sonnes which as he saith being dispersed in Arabia Persia Armenia sowed so many sorts of Religion and Chedar his second sonne placed in the Temple of his father vpon an high Tower called Alquibla an Idoll named Allech and Alleze instituting certaine cremonies and amongst the rest the sacrificing of a Ram in remembrance of that Ram which was presented to his grand-father Abram at the offering of Isaac Of Chedar descended Thebic and so in order Caab Numhib Almucaien Ahlucen Acaha Amubasca Amir Celif Nisca Abhimaistae Aadirem Scaad Mudhar Ilges Mudicita Hudhaifa Chinene Anascere Melich Phasce Paliff Lunai Cabnai Morta Chelef Facien Abdamanef Abdalmutalif Abdalla the supposed father of Mahomet his mothers name was Hennina or Hemina a Iewish as some write his father was an Ethnicke or Pagan Idolater His base condition and obscuritie was such that the Turkes themselues doubt whether he were an Arabian or Persian notwithstanding that genealogicall rabble Richerius reporteth that he was a Cyreuean by birth and that in the time of his minoritie or child-hood he was by some Plagiarie stolne away from his friends and sold to the Ismaelit-Marchants Others say that hee was abandoned both of father and mother and according to the cruell custome of that barbarous people sold to strangers From so base a beginning did this cunning Impostor and Seducer of the world arise to be the scourge of Princes and disturber of the world He was somewhat comely of person and of sharp wit and therefore was made ouer-seer of the businesse of Abdalmutalif his Master or as some say his Grand-father and traded for him in Soria Egypt and Persia and after his death inherited his goods continuing his trade of Marchandize with a great man of Corozan he succeeded him in his bed wealth by the marriage of his widdow Gadisa whom others call Adega the daughter of Hulert and that as some suspect not vnprobably by the helpe of Sorceries and Incantations With this widdow after shee was become his wife he liued in his wonted course of life thirteene yeeres and had by her one sonne and three daughters And by this meanes growne great he aspired higher assembling to himselfe a company of theeues vnthrifts and out-lawes which with him became voluntaries and aduenturers in the warres of the Emperour Heraclius against the Persians in which he valourously behaued himselfe and was wounded in the visage and Cosdroes the Persian King was ouercome After this Mahomet deuising further how to satisfie his ambitious desire of Soueraigntie met with occasion fitting those his aspiring designes The Arabians being denied their pay as is said raised a mutinie and rebellion these chose Mahomet to be their Captaine who vsed them as his instruments of robbery and violence about the countries of Mecca But the Nobles opposing themselues against him hee perceiuing that their power and authoritie would be a perilous rub in his way thought it his safest course to
and Turkes ibid. Aeolis how situate 335 Aesculapius or Physicke God 81 Aethiopia why and what Countries so called 725. 726. Aethiopian Antiquities 726. Their Kings 731. The legend of the Q. of Saba 732. 733. 753. The truth of it ibid. Of Presbyter Iohn 734. Of the Aethiopian Empire 738. seq Fals and flouds 739. Romish Patriarks 740. Offers to the Portugall ibid. Their strict Lent Marriages tēpests ibid. Their houses rites Abuna oaths c. 740 Aethiopians branded why 742 the rarites of the hill Amara in Aegypt 743. The Library Treasure safe-keeping of the Princes there 744. 745. The election of the Emperor his title mariage iustice 745. 746. Their Schooles Vniuersities Physicians Mummia stewes 747. Their cities 748 The seuerall Countries 749. seq Their Religiōs Riuers Lakes ibid. Commodities of the Country 750. Strange fishes originall of Nilus ibid. Priuate and publike customes 751. Luys his lies 752 Their estimation of Blacke and White ibid. Aethiopia Superior 725. seq Aethiopia Exterior 754 Africa why so termed 619. by some esteemed of Europe ibid. Diuision therof 620. The Giraffa Camels 621. Horse Dant Adimmain Sheep Asses Lions 622. the Crocodile Basiliske Ostrich Grashoppers 623. 624. Hippopotamus Mermaids 625. 626. The inhabitants and their conditions 626 Little of it Christian ibid. Africa in great part subiect to the Turk 701. Religion and customes of the Africans 671. seq 704 Africanus his opinion of 72. lang Agao the inhabitants thereof 740 Age 413. The extraordinary age of a man in Bengala 508. The like of a Bramene 548 Aggees Prophesie of the second Temple interpreted 103 Agmet a town in Barbary 700. 701 Agra the situation and description thereof 533 Agwans or Puttans 37 Ahabs sicknesse and Iesabels Physicke 115. Ahabs Palace 137 Aitonus or Anthony the Armenian Writer 343. Aitonus K. of Armenia his requests to Mangu Can 345 Akiba a Iewish Rabbine 132. K. of Ala 721. his ditch of secrecy ib. Alarbes and Brebers 703. 704 Alcoran or Alfurcan 248. What it signifieth ibid the stile not in metre ibid. The composition and Azoaras of Chapters thereof 249 The agreement of copies translators therof 250. An Epitome of the Alcoran in heads or common places 251. 252. Their opinions of it and of the reward to the diligent Reader 253. 254. Expositions Cōmentaries on it 255. the Saracens opinion of their Alcorā 258 Aladine King of Acem 613. His receiuing Queene Elizabeths Letter and Feast to Sir Iames Lancaster 614. 615 Albania the situation and description thereof 346. 347 Aloadine or the Old man of the Mountayne 219 Alchimy twofold and who the best Alchimist 301. Accounted an art of Naturall Magicke 347 Alexander Magnus 50. 59. 227 Mahomets Saint 255. 318 His Empire diuided 72. His Expedition 332. His ambition of Diuinitie 227. His acts 333 334. 337. 338. 348. 350. 359. 366. 399. 404. 482. 538. 590. 612. 614. 681. What he gained by the Persian conquest 102. 701. Hee is worshipped by Augustus 695. By the Saracens 708. And by the Cyrenians ibid. Alexandria the Mother Citie of the Grecian Iewes 124. The reputation thereof 648. The Schooles Wealth Religion 649 The present stase of Alexandria 656. The Patriarkes of Alexandria 659. A counterfeit Gabriel ibid. Aleppo the chiefe Citie of Syria 75. called Haleb 147 Alfurcan vid. Alcoran Ali Hali or Halli the designed Successor of Mahomet 232. seq 249. 274. 275. 276. 381. He was author of the Sect Imemia 275. 391. A Cimiterre painted and hung vp in memory of Haly who with his Sword is reported to cut the Rocks in sunder 315. The place of Ali his buriall and the Ceremony there vsed 378. The deuotions of Ali the Persian Prophet forbidden 386. The preheminence of the children of Ali aboue all Prophets 391. The house of Ali 64 Algier the description thereof 676 seq The receptacle of Pirats 677. 678 Alilat of the Arabians 78. 227 231 Allen a Greenland greedy fowle 815 Almagro his acts 921 Almes to Beasts Birds Ants 302 The almes of a Mahumetan at Mecca 268. Of Tartars 419 Of Farfar King of Mangi 460 Of Gedacham 509. At Cambaya 540. 541. Of the King of Narsinga 552. Publike and priuate Almes of the Turkes 298 Almohades certaine Sectaries so called 689 Aladules his Paradise 64. 218 283. The like in Persia 380 Aladine the Turke 279 Allegories ouerthrow truth 16 Allegorical Theology of the Phoenicians 77. 78 Allech an Idoll 229 Alitta a Persian Deitie 370 Aloes Socotrina how made and where plenty 779 Alumut King of Persia 383. 384 Al-Mutsal how situate 147 Amalekites 85 Amasia how situate 326. 327 Amanus a God of the Persians 374 Amanus a Mount or Hill 37. 67 223 Amasis King of Aegypt 584 Amazons 37. 327. 399. Riuer of Amazons 327. Ilands of Amazons 578 Amara the admirable Hill in Aethiopia 743. The History and description thereof 743. 744. The Temples Monasteries Library ibidem The inestimable treasure and incomparable Iewell and the Princes kept there as Luys sayth 745. 746 Amber what it is 532 Ambition the nature thereof 74 Ambize or Hogge-fish in Congo 767. 668 Amboino Ilands 578. The commodities of Amboina 606 Americus Vesputius 791 America why so called 791. The nature of Heate Raines Winds there 792. 793. Of Mettals 795. 796. How rich it is to the Spaniard 796. Whether knowne to the Ancients 798. How men came first thither 799. How beasts 800. The beasts therein 804 Fowles 805. Plants ibid. Their bread 806. Comparison of our World the new World together 807. Discouery of the North parts of America 807. 808. Diuision of America 807 The Southerne America 891 Seas and Ilands adioyning to America 950 Amen the Iewish conceit thereof 187. Not to be said by a Iew at a Samaritans blessing 136 Amera and Amera-ship 702. 703 Amida a Iaponian Idoll 598 601 Amiogli why so called 221 Ammonites circumcised 86 Iupiter Ammon Amuz 37. 114 657. The History of that Oracle at large 657. 658. seq Ammonian women 658 Ammonius the Philosopher 648 Amoraim whence so called 165 Amorites 86. 87 Amphisbena described 624 Amouchi their bloudy custom 521 Amurath the first 282. 283 Amurath the second 283. seq Amurath the third 285. 286 Anacharsis his trauels and death 398 Anaitis a Geddesse 345 Anakims 85 Ananas an Indian fruit described 567 Anathema a kind of Excommunication or Curse 101. 137 Anatomy of Iewes 178 Anastasius the Patriarch cruelly murthered 215 Ananas are Indian fruit 563 Anchiale built by Sardanapalus 62 Anchorets in China 466 Andromeda freed by Perseus 81 Angels why not mentioned in the Creation 6. Why with fixe wings 3. Dreames of Angels 31. 177. 179. 188. 189. 191. 196. 197. 224. 225. sequitur Names obserued by the Essees 131. By Iewes and Christians 161. Their orders ibid. Their kinds 369. Mahometicall fancies of Angels 224. 225. 226. 259. 260. 261. 302 Angell of death 207. 210. Mahometicall Dreames of the Angell Gabriel 242. 243.