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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
country_n	ancient_a	call_v	situation_n	3,751	5	12.3408	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09010	Paradisi in sole paradisus terrestris. or A garden of all sorts of pleasant flowers which our English ayre will permitt to be noursed vp with a kitchen garden of all manner of herbes, rootes, & fruites, for meate or sause vsed with vs, and an orchard of all sorte of fruitbearing trees and shrubbes fit for our land together with the right orderinge planting & preseruing of them and their vses & vertues collected by Iohn Parkinson apothecary of London 1629.	Parkinson, John, 1567-1650.; Switzer, A., wood-engraver.	1629 (1629)	STC 19300; ESTC S115360	643,750	600

a very curious and cunning searcher of simples The Time They flower all the summer long and sometimes euen in winter if it be milde and chiefly at the beginning of those monethes as it is thought The Names They are called Caltha of diuers and taken to be that Caltha wherof both Virgil and Columella haue written Others doe call them Calendula of the Kalendes that is the first day of the monthes wherein they are thought chiefly to flower and thereupon the Italians call them Fiori di ogni mese that is The Flowers of euery moneth We cal them in English generally eyther Golds or Marigolds The Vertues The herbe and flowers are of great vse with vs among other pot-herbes and the flowers eyther greene or dryed are often vsed in possets broths and drinkes as a comforter of the heart and spirits and to expel any malignant or pestilential quality gathered neere thereunto The Syrupe and Conserue made of the fresh flowers are vsed for the same purposes to good effect CHAP. LXIIII. Aster Starre-wort DIoscorides and other of the ancient Writers haue set forth but one kinde of Starre-wort which they call Aster Atticus of the place no doubt where the greatest plentie was found which was the Countrey of Athens the later Writers haue found out many other plants which they referre to this kinde calling them by the same name It is not my purpose to entreate of them all neyther doth this garden fitly agree with them I shall therefore select out one or two from the rest and giue you the knowledge of them leauing the rest to their proper place 1. Aster Atticus flore luteo Yellow Starre-wort This Starre-wort riseth vp with two or three rough hairy stalkes a foote and a halfe high with long rough or hairie brownish darke greene leaues on them diuided into two or three branches at the toppe of euery one whereof standeth a flat scaly head compassed vnderneath with fiue or sixe long browne rough greene leaues standing like a Starre the flower it selfe standing in the middle thereof made as a border of narrow long pale yellow leaues set with a brownish yellow thrume the roote dyeth euery yeare hauing giuen his flower 2. Aster Atticus Italorum flore purpureo Purple Italian Starre-wort This Italian Starre-wort hath many wooddy round brittle stalkes rising from the roote somewhat higher then the former sometimes standing vpright and otherwhiles leaning downewards whereon are set many somewhat hard and rough long leaues round pointed without order vp to the toppe where it is diuided into seuerall branches whereon stand the flowers made like vnto a single Marigold with a border of blewish purple leaues set about a browne middle thrume the heads sustaining the flowers are composed of diuers scaly greene leaues as is to be seene in the Knapweedes or Matfelons which after the flowers are past yeelde a certaine downe wherein lye small blacke and flat seedes somewhat like vnto Lettice seede which are carried away with the winde the roote is composed of many white strings which perisheth not as the former but abideth and springeth afresh euery yeare The Place The first is found in Spaine as Clusius and in France as Lobel say The other hath beene found in many places in Germany and Austria in Italie also and other places we haue it plentifully in our Gardens The Time The first flowreth in Summer And the other not vntill August or September The Names The first is called Aster Atticus flore luteo Buhonium Inguinalis and of many is taken to be the true Aster Atticus of Dioscorides yet Matthiolus thinketh not so for diuers good reasons which hee setteth downe in the Chapter of Aster Atticus as any man may vnderstand if they will but reade the place which is too long to bee inserted here The other is thought by Matthiolus to bee the truer Aster Atticus vnto whom I must also consent and constantly also affirmed to be the Amellus Virgilij as may be seene in the same place but it is vsually called at this day Aster Italorum flore caeruleo or purpureo Their English names are sufficiently expressed in their titles yet some call the last The purple Marigold because it is so like vnto one in form The Vertues They are held if they bee the right to bee good for the biting of a mad dogge the greene herbe being beaten with old hogs grease and applyed as also for swolne throats It is likewise vsed for botches that happen in the groine as the name doth import CHAP. LXV Pilosella maior Golden Mouse-eare SOme resemblance that the flowers of this plant hath with the former Golds maketh me to insert it in this place although I know it agreeth not in any other part yet for the pleasant aspect thereof it must bee in this my garden whose description is as followeth It hath many broade greene leaues spread vpon the ground spotted with pale spots yet more conspicuous at sometimes then at other somewhat hairy both on the vpper and vnderside in the middle of these leaues rise vp one two or more blackish hairy stalkes two foote high at the least bare or naked vp to the top where it beareth an vmbell or short tuft of flowers set close together vpon short stalkes of the forme or fashion of the Haukeweedes or common Mouse-eare but somewhat smaller of a deep gold yellow or orenge tawney colour with some yellow threds in the middle of little or no sent at all after the flowers are past the heads carry small short blacke seede with a light downie matter on them ready to bee carried away with the winde as many other plants are when they be ripe the rootes spread vnder ground and shoote vp in diuers other places whereby it much encreaseth especially if it be set in any moist or shadowie place The Place It groweth in the shadowie woods of France by Lions and Mompelier as Lobell testifieth we keepe it in our gardens and rather in a shadowie then sunnie place The Time It flowreth in Somer and sometimes againe in September The Names It is called by Lobell Pulmonaria Gallorum Hieratij facie and the Herbarists of France take it to be the true Pulmonaria of Tragus Others call it Hieratium flore aureo Pelleterius Hieratium Indicum Some Pilosella or Auricula muris maior flore aureo And some Chondrilla flore aureo Dalechamptus would haue it to bee Corchorus but farre vnfitly The fittest English name we can giue it is Golden Mouse-eare which may endure vntill a fitter bee imposed on it for the name of Grim the Collier whereby it is called of many is both idle and foolish The Vertues The French according to the name vse it for the defects of the lunges but with what good successe I know not CHAP. LXVI Scorsonera Vipers grasse ALthough there be foure or fiue sorts of Scorsonera yet I shall here desire you to be con●●●t with the knowledge only of a couple 1. Scorsonera Hispanica maior

of the young branches most vsually commeth forth a great tuft or ball as it were of many white flowers set so close together that there can be no distinction of any seuerall flower seene nor doth it seeme like the double flower of any other plant that hath many rowes of leaues set together but is a cluster of white leaued flowers set together vpon the stalke that vpholdeth them of a small sent which fall away without bearing any fruit in our Country that euer I could obserue or learne The roote spreadeth neither farre nor deepe but shooteth many small rootes and fibres whereby it is fastened in the ground and draweth nourishment to it and sometimes yeeldeth suckers from it The Place It should seeme that the naturall place of this Elder is wet and moist grounds because it is so like vnto the Marsh Elder which is the single kind hereof It is onely noursed vp in Gardens in all our Country The Time It flowreth in May much about the time of the double Peony flower both which being set together make a pleasant variety to decke vp the windowes of a house The Names It is generally called Sambucus Rosea In English The Elder Rose and more commonly after the Dutch name the Gelder Rose Dalechampius seemeth to make it Thraupalus of Theophrastus or rather the single Marsh Elder for I thinke this double kinde was not knowne in Theophrastus his time The Vertues It is not applyed to any Physicall vse that I know CHAP. CIX Rosa The Rose tree or bush THe great varietie of Roses is much to be admired beeing more then is to bee seene in any other shrubby plant that I know both for colour forme and smell I haue to furnish this garden thirty sorts at the least euery one notably differing from the other and all fit to be here entertained for there are some other that being wilde and of no beautie or smell we forbeare and leaue to their wilde habitations To distinguish them by their colours as white red incarnate and yellow were a way that many might take but I hold it not so conuenient for diuers respects for so I should confound those of diuers sorts one among another and I should not keepe that methode which to me seemeth most conuenient which is to place and ranke euery kinde whether single or double one next vnto the other that so you may the better vnderstand their varieties and differences I will therefore beginne with the most ancient and knowne Roses to our Countrey whether naturall or no I know not but assumed by our precedent Kings of all others to bee cognisances of their dignitie the white Rose and the red whom shall follow the damaske of the finest sent and most vse of all the other sorts and the rest in their order 1. Rosa Anglica alba The English white Rose The white Rose is of two kindes the one more thicke and double then the other The one riseth vp in some shadowie places vnto eight or ten foote high with a stocke of a great bignesse for a Rose The other growing seldome higher then a Damaske Rose Some doe iudge both these to be but one kinde the diuersitie happening by the ayre or ground or both Both these Roses haue somewhat smaller and whiter greene leaues then in many other Roses fiue most vsually set on a stalke and more white vnderneath as also a whiter greene barke armed with sharpe thornes or prickles whereby they are soone known from other Roses although the one not so easily from the other the flowers in the one are whitish with an eye or shew of a blush especially towards the ground or bottome of the flower very thicke double and close set together and for the most part not opening it selfe so largely and fully as eyther the Red or Damaske Rose The other more white lesse thicke and double and opening it selfe more and some so little double as but of two or three rowes that they might be held to be single yet all of little or no smell at all To describe you all the seuerall parts of the Rose as the bud the beards the threds c. were needlesse they are so conuersant in euery ones hand that I shall not neede but to touch the most speciall parts of the varieties of them and leaue a more exact relation of all things incident vnto them vnto a generall worke 2. Rosa Incarnata The Carnation Rose The Carnation Rose is in most things like vnto the lesser white rose both for the growing of the stocke and bignesse of the flower but that it is more spreade abroade when it is blown then the white is and is of a pale blush colour all the flower thoroughout of as small a sent as the white one is almost Rosa Belgica siue Vitrea This kinde of Rose is not very great but very thicke and double and is very variable in the flowers in that they will be so different one from another some being paler then others and some as it were blasted which commeth not casually but naturally to this rose but the best flowers whereof there will bee still some will be of a bright pale murrey colour neere vnto the Veluet rose but nothing so darke a colour 3. Rosa Anglica rubra The English red Rose The red Rose which I call English not only for the reason before expressed but because as I take it this Rose is more frequent and vsed in England then in other places neuer groweth so high as the damaske Rose bush but most vsually abideth low and shooteth forth many branches from the roote and is but seldome suffered to grow vp as the damaske Rose into standards with a greene barke thinner set with prickles and larger and greener leaues on the vpperside then in the white yet with an eye of white vpon them fiue likewise most vsually set vpon a stalke and grayish or whitish vnderneath The Roses or Flowers doe very much vary according to their site and abiding for some are of an orient red or deepe crimson colour and very double although neuer so double as the white which when it is full blowne hath the largest leaues of any other Rose some of them againe are paler tending somewhat to a damaske and some are of so pale a red as that it is rather of the colour of the canker Rose yet all for the most part with larger leaues then the damaske and with many more yellow threds in the middle the sent hereof is much better then in the white but not comparable to the excellencie of the damaske Rose yet this Rose being well dryed and well kept will hold both colour and sent longer then the damaske bee it neuer so well kept 4. Rosa Damascena The Damaske Rose The Damaske Rose bush is more vsually noursed vp to a competent height to stand alone which we call Standards then any other Rose the barke both of the stocke and branches is not fully so greene

Asarabacca A Sarabacca from a small creeping roote set with many fibres shooteth forth diuers heads and from euery of them sundry leaues euery one standing vpon a long greene stalke which are round thicke and of a very sad or darke greene colour and shining withall from the rootes likewise spring vp short stalkes not fully foure fingers high at the toppe of euery one of which standeth the flower in fashion very like the seede vessell of Henbane seede of a greenish purple colour which changeth not his forme but groweth in time to containe therein small cornered seed the greene leaues abide all the winter many times but vsually sheddeth them in winter and recouereth fresh in the spring The Vse of Asarabacca The leaues are much and often vsed to procure vomits fiue or seuen of them bruised and the iuice of them drunke in ale or wine An extract made of the leaues with wine artificially performed might bee kept all the yeare thorough to bee vsed vpon any present occasion the quantitie to bee proportioned according to the constitution of the patient The roote worketh not so strongly by vomit as the leaues yet is often vsed for the same purpose and besides is held auaileable to prouoke vrine to open obstructions in the liuer and spleene and is put among diners other simples both into Mithridatum and Andromachus Treakle which is vsually called Venice Treakle A dram of the dryed roots in pouder giuen in white wine a little before the fit of an ague taketh away the shaking fit therby cause the hot fit to be the more remisse and in twice taking expell it quite CHAP. LXIII Glycyrrhiza siue Liqueritia Licorice ALthough there are two sorts of Licorice set downe by diuers Authors yet because this Land familiarly is acquainted but with one sort I shall not neede for this Garden to make any further relation of that is vnknowne but onely of that sort which is sufficiently frequent with vs. It riseth vp with diuers wooddy stalks whereon are set at seuerall distances many winged leaues that is to say many narrow long greene leaues set together on both sides of the stalke and an odde one at the end very well resembling a young Ashe tree sprung vp from the seede this by many yeares continuance in a place without remouing and not else will bring forth flowers many standing together spike-fashion one aboue another vpon the stalkes of the forme of Pease blossomes but of a very pale or bleake blew colour which turne into long somewhat flat and smooth cods wherein is contained small round hard seede the roote runneth downe exceeding deep into the ground with diuers other smaller roots and fibres growing with them and shoote out suckers from the maine rootes all about whereby it is much encreased of a brownish colour on the outside and yellow within of a farre more weake sweete taste yet far more pleasing to vs then that Licorice that is brought vs from beyond Sea because that being of a stronger sweet taste hath a bitternesse ioyned with it which maketh it the lesse pleasing and acceptable to most The Vse of Licorice Our English Licorice is now adaies of more familiar vse as I said before then the outlandish and is wholly spent and vsed to helpe to digest and expectorate flegme out of the chest and lunges and doth allay the sharpenesse or saltnesse thereof It is good also for those are troubled with shortnesse of breath and for all sorts of coughes The iuice of Licorice artificially made with Hyssope water serueth very well for all the purposes aforesaid It being dissolued with Gum Tragacanth in Rose water is an excellent Lohoc or licking medicine to breake flegme and to expectorate it as also to avoyde thin frothy matter or thin salt flegme which often fretteth the lunges It doth also lenifie exulcerated kidneyes or the bladder and helpeth to heale them It is held also good for those that cannot make their water but by drops or a small deale at a time The dryed root finely minced is a speciall ingredient into all Trageas or Dredges seruing for the purposes aforesaid but the vse of them is almost wholly left now adaies with all sorts Thus haue I shewed you not only the herbes rootes and fruites noursed vp in this Garden but such herbes as are of most necessary vses for the Country Gentlewomens houses And now I will shew you the Orchard also THE ORDERING OF THE ORCHARD The third part or ORCHARD CHAP. I. The situation of an Orchard for fruit-bearing trees and how to amend the defects of many grounds AS I haue done in the two former parts of this Treatise so I meane to proceede in this first to set downe the situation of an Orchard and then other things in order And first I hold that an Orchard which is or should bee of some reasonable large extent should be so placed that the house should haue the Garden of flowers iust before it open vpon the South and the Kitchen Garden on the one side thereof should also haue the Orchard on the other side of the Garden of Pleasure for many good reasons First for that the fruit trees being grown great and tall will be a great shelter from the North and East windes which may offend your chiefest Garden and although that your Orchard stand a little bleake vpon the windes yet trees rather endure these strong bitter blasts then other smaller and more tender shrubs and herbes can doe Secondly if your Orchard should stand behinde your Garden of flowers more Southward it would shadow too much of the Garden and besides would so binde in the North and East and North and West windes vpon the Garden that it would spoile many tender things therein and so much abate the edge of your pleasure thereof that you would willingly wish to haue no Orchard rather then that it should so much annoy you by the so ill standing thereof Thirdly the falling leaues being still blowne with the winde so aboundantly into the Garden would either spoile many things or haue one daily and continuall attending thereon to cleanse and sweepe them away Or else to auoide these great inconueniences appoint out an Orchard the farther off and set a greater distance of ground betweene For the ground or soile of the Orchard what I haue spoken concerning the former Garden for the bettering of the seuerall grounds may very well serue and be applyed to this purpose But obserue this that whereas your Gardens before spoken of may be turned vp manured and bettered with soile if they growe out of heart your Orchard is not so easily done but must abide many yeares without altering and therefore if the ground be barren or not good it had the more neede to bee amended or wholly made good before you make an Orchard of it yet some there be that doe appoint that where euery tree should bee set you onely digge that place to make it good but you must know that