Britain and that he planted colonies of meÌ„ broght forth of the east parts in either of them Anti. lib. 1. fyrst in the mayne land after in the Iland He is reported by Berosus to haue excelled al men of that age in leening and knowledge Bale script Brit. cent 1. and also is thought by Bale to haue imparted the same among his people namely the vnderstanding of the sundry courses of the starres Caesar coÌ„men lib. 8. the order of inferiour things with many other matters incident to the morall and politike gouernement of mans life to haue deliuered the same in the Phâ—…nician letters In quiâ—… temp De 〈◊〉 Contra 〈◊〉 pioâ—… out of whiche the Grekes according to the opinion of Archilochus deuised deriued the greke charecters in somuche that Xenophon Iosephus do constantly report although Diogenes Laertius be against it that both the Grekes and other nations receyued their letters and lerning first from these countreys Of this king and his lerning arose a sect of Philosophers saith Annius first in Britain li. de 〈◊〉 succesâ—… after in Gallia the whiche of his name were called Sâ—…mothes They as Aristotle Secion write were passing skilful both in the law of god man and for that cause excedingly giuen to religion especially the inhabitants of this yle of Britain in so much that the whole nation did not only take the name of theÌ„ but the yland it selfe Script â—… cent 1. De 〈…〉 cent lib. â—… This 〈◊〉 Saâ—…thea as Bale doctor Cay agree came to be called Samothea which was the firste peculiar name that euer it had and by the which it was especially known before the arriuall of Albion Magus MAgus y e son of Samothes after y e deth of his father was the second king of Celtica by whoÌ„ as Berosus writeth there were manye townes builded among the Celtes Lib. 3. which by the witnesse of Annius Anniâ—… coâ—…â—… perâ—… Geâ—…ge dyd bear the addition of their fouÌ„der Magus of which townes diuers are to be found in Ptolomie and Antoninus a painful surueyor of the world sercher of cities maketh mencion of .4 of them here in Britain Sitomagus Neomagus Niomagus and Nouiomagus Neomagus sir Thomas Eliot writeth to haue stoode where the citie of Chester nowe standeth Niomagus George Lilly placeth where the towne of BuckinghaÌ„ is now remaining beside this doth Bale so highly comend y e forsaid Magus for his lerning renoumed ouer al the world y t he wold haue y e PersiaÌ„s other nations of the south west partes to deriue the name of their diuines called Magi from him In dede Rauisius Textor sir Iohn Prise affirme y t in the days of Plinie the Britons wer so expert in arte Magike y t they might be thoght to haue firste deliuered the same to the Persians What the name of Magus importeth De diui iâ—… De fastiâ—… of what profession y e Magi were Tulli declareth at large and Mantuan in brief after this maner Ille penes Persas Magus est qui sidera norit Qui sciat herbarum vires cultumque deorum Persepolifacit ista Magos prudentia triplex The Persians terme him Magus that the course of starres doth knowe The power of herbes and worship due to god that man doth owe. H.i. By threefolde knowledge thus the name of Magus then doth growe Sarron De ant Cant. 〈◊〉 â—… SArron the third king of y e Celtes succeded hys father Magus in Gouernemente of the countrie of Gallia and the Isle Samothea wherein as Doctoure Caius writeth he fouÌ„ded certain publike places for them that professed learning whiche Berosus affirmeth to be done to the intente to restrayne the wilfull outrage of men â—…ale script Brit. cent 1. beeing as then but rawe and voyde of all ciuilitie Also it is thought by Annius that he was the firste author of those kinde of Philosophers which were called Sarronides Lib. 6. of whom Diodorus Siculus writeth in this sort There are sayth he among the Celtes certain diuines philosophers whom they call Sarronides hauing them of all other in greatest estimation For it is the maner among them not without a Philosopher to make anye sacrifice for they are of beleefe that sacrifices ought only to be made by suche as are skilfull in the diuine misteriâ—…s as of those who are neerest vnto God by whose intercession they thinke all good things are to be required of God and whose aduise they vse and followe as well in watte as in peace Druis This Prince is coÌ„mended by Berosus to bee so plentifullye endued with wisedome and lerning that Annius taketh him to be the vndoubted authour of the beginning and name of the famous secte of Philosophers called Druides whome Cesar and all other auncient Greeke and Latine writers doe affirme to haue had their beginning in Brytayne and to haue bin brought from thence into Gallia in so muche that when there arose any doubt in that countrey touching any point of their discipline they did repaire to be resolued therin into Britayne where especially in the I le of Anglesey as Humfrey Llhuyd witnesseth they made their principal aboade Touching their vsages many things are writen by Aristotle Secion Plinie Laertius Anti. lib. 5. Annius super eundem De bello Gallico lib. 9. De bello Gallico lib. 6. Bodinus and others which I will gather in brief and set downe as followeth They had as Cesar sayth the charge of coÌ„mon and priuate sacrifices y e discussing of pointes of religion the bringing vp of youth the determining of matters in variance with full power to inteâ—…ite so manye from the sacrifice of their goddes and the company of men as disobeyed their awarde Polidore affirmeth Hist. an li. 1. how they taught y e mens soules coulde not dye but departed from one bodye to an other and that to the intente to make men valiant and dreadlesse of death Tullic writeth that partely by tokens De diui li. 1. and partely by surmises they wold foretell of things to come And by report of Hector Boetius Hist. Scoti lib. 2. some of them were not ignorant of the immortalitie of the one and euerlasting God All these things they had written in the greke toung De migr gen lib. 2. Marcellinus in so much that Wolfg. Lazius vpon reporte of Marcellinus declareth howe the Greeke letters were first brought to Athenes by Timagines from the Druides and herevpon it cometh also to passe the British toung to this daye hath in it remayning some smacke of the Greke Among other abuses of the Druides they had according to Diodorus one custome to kill men and by the falling bleeding and dismembring of them to diuine of things to come for the whiche and other wicked practises De vitae Agricolae their secte was first condemned for abhominable as Cor. Taritus writeth and dissolued in
maner as here foloweth Diua potens nemerum terror syluestribus apris Cui licet anfractus ire per aethereos Infernasque domos terrestria iura resolue Et dic quas terraes nos habitare velisâ—… Dic certam sedem qua te venerabor in auum Qua tibi virgineis templa dicabo choris These verses as Ponticus Virumnius and others also doe guesse were written by Gildas Cambrius in his book intitled Cambreidos and may thus be englished Thou goddesse that doest rule the wooddes and forrests greene And chasest fomyng boares that flee thyne awfull sight Thou that mayest passe alofte in ayrie skyes so sheene And walk eke vnder erth in places void of light Discouer earthly states direct our course aright And shewe where wee shall dwell accordyng to thy will In seates of sure abode where temples we maye dight For virgins that shal sounde thy laude with voices shrill After this prayer and obseruances done according to the Pagane rite and custom Brute abiding for answere fell a sleepe in tyme of which sleepe appeared to hym the sayde goddesse vttering an aunswere as in these Verses followyng is expressed Brute sub occasum Solis trans Gallica regna Insula in Oceano est vndique clausa mari Insula in oceano est habitata gigantibus olim Nunc deserta quidem gentibus apta tuis Hanc pete namque tibi sedes erit illa perennis Hic fiet natis altera Troia tuis Hic de prole tua reges nascentur ipsis Totius terrae subditus orbis erit Whiche are thus Englished Brute farre by weast beyonde the Gallike lande is founde An yle whiche with the Ocean seas enclosed is aboute VVhere Giants dwelt sometyme but now is desarâ—…e grounde Most meet where thou mayst plant thy self with all thy route Make thitherwardes with speede for there thou shalt fynde out An euer dâ—…ring seate and Troy shall rise anewe â–ª Vnto thy race of whome shall kings beâ—… boâ—â—â— no doubt That with their mightie power the worlde shall whole subdue After that he was awakened out of his sleepe and had called his dreame to remembraÌ„ce he first doubted whether it were a very dreame or a true vision the goddesse hauyng spoken to hym with lyuely voyce Wherevpon callyng suche of hys companie vnto hym as he thoughte requisite in suche a case hee declared vnto them the whole matter with the circumstaunces whereat they greatly reioycing caused mightie bonfyres to be made in the whiche they caste wyne milke and other licours with dyuers gummes and spyces of moste swete smell and odour as in the Pagan religion was accustomed whiche obseruaâ—â—â— and ceremonies being once performed broâ—â—ht to ende they returned streighte wayes to their shippes and as soone as the wynde serued they passed foreward on their iourney with great ioye and gladnesse as men put in comforte to fynde out the wished feates for their firme and sure habitations From hence therfore they cast about and making westwarde â—â—ute vvith his â—â—mpanie lanâ—â—th in Afrike they first arriue in Africa and after keeping on their course they passed the straites of Gibralterra and coasting alongst the shore on the right hande they founde another companye that were lykewyse descended of the Troiane progenie on the coasts nere where the Pyrenine hilles shoote downe to the sea â—…he mystaking 〈◊〉 those that 〈◊〉 copied the â—â—ishe history â—â—tring Mare â—…yrrhenum 〈◊〉 Pyrenaeum whereof the same sea by good reason was named in those days Mare Pyrenaeum although hitherto by fault of Writers and copiers of the Britishe historie receiued in this place Mare TyrhenuÌ„ was slightly put downe in stede of Pyrenaeum I knowe right well that some will condemne me of lacke of vnderstanding the names whiche the later writers Greekes or Latinistes haue giuen vnto our known seas for y t we reade not in any autentike author that those seas next and against the Pyrenine mountaynes â—…yrenyne â—…ountayns haue bin calâ—… Mare Pyrenaeum But verily the course of the historie doth moue me to thinke assuredly that the author of Geffrey Monmouths booke ment in that place the seas neere to the coast wherevnto the Pyrenine hilles do ioyn For what reason is it that after the Troians were passed the pyllers of Hercules that stande on eyther sides the strait of Marrocke or Gibralterra whether you â—…ill to name the place sâ—… 〈…〉 so great a course backe agayne and fall vpon the coastes of Tuscanâ—… from the whiche he purposely was fledde which lay nothing wâ—… 〈…〉 whither they bent their whole course I haue shewed my reason grounded vpon the opinion of some that are known to be learned nâ—… 〈…〉 whose iudgementes I can not but reueâ—â—nce and therfore I am the 〈◊〉 to set it down as I haue hearde it and also by other allowed To proceede then with the historie The countrey of Poictou as some hold where the sayde Goffarius reigned tooke name of thys people and likewise a parte of this our Isle of Britayn nowe conteyned within Scotland in ancient time was called Pightland as elsewhere both in this historie of England Pightland also of Scotlande it may further appeare But nowe to our purpose When Goffarius the king of Poictou was aduertised of the landing of these straungers within his countrey Goffarius sendeth vnto Brutus he sent first certain of his people to vnderstaÌ„d what they ment by their comming a lande within his dominion withoute licence or leaue of him obteyned They that were thus sente by chaunce came where Corineus with two hundred of the companie were come from the shippes into a forreste neare to the sea syde to kil some venison for their sustenaunce and being reproued with some disdaynfull speache of those Poicteuins Coriâ—… svverâ—… 〈…〉 Imbert hee shaped them a rounde aunswere insomuch that one of them whose name was Imbert let driue an arrow at Corineus but hee aduoyding the danger therof shotte agayn at Imbert Imbert 〈◊〉 by Coris in reuenge of that iniurie offered and claue hys head in sunder Goffarius seeketh ayde against Brute Goffarius escaping from the fielde fled into the inner partes of Gallia making suite for assistaunce vnto suche kings as in those dayes reigned in dyuers prouinces of that lande who promysed to ayde hym wyth all their forces and to expell oute of the coastes of Aquitayne suche straungers as without his licence were thus entred the countrey Brute spoyleth the countrey But Brute in the meane tyme passed foreward and with fire and sworde made hauock in places where he came and gathering great spoyles Turonius or Tours buylt by Brute fraughte his ships with plentie of riches At length he came to the place where afterwards he buylt a Citie named Turonium that is Tours Goffarius hauing renued his forces fighteth eftsoones vvith Brute Here Goffarius with suche Gaules as were assembled in his ayd gaue batayl agayn vnto the Troyans that were encamped to abyde his
and brought to ConstaÌ„tinople where it was eftsoones enterred Hir son the Emperour Constantine lyued tyll about the yeare of Christe .340 and then deceassed at Nicomedia in Asia 〈…〉 after he had ruled the Empire xxxj yeares and odde monethes We fynde not in the Romain writers of any greate sturre here in Britayne during his reigne more than that whiche the Britishe and Scottishe writers haue recorded so that after Traherne had reduced this land to quietnesse it may be supposed that the Brytons liued in reste vnder his gouernement and lykewyse after vnder his sonnes that succeeded him in the Empire till about the yeare .360 360. Harâ—… at what tyme the Picts and Scottes inuaded the south partes of the land as hereafter in place shall further appeare Also there is mencion made by writers of certaine godlie learned men whiche liued in offices in the Churche in these dayes as Restitutus bishop of London whiche wente ouer to the Synode holdeÌ„ at Arles in France and also one Kybius Corinnius that was son to Salomon duke of Cornewall and bishop of Anglesey and instructed the people whiche inhabited in the partes now called Northwales and them of Anglesey aforesayd verie diligently But now to speake somwhat of things chancing in Britain about this season as we find recorded by y e Romain writers some trouble was likely to haue grown vnto the Britons by receiuing certain men of warre that fled out of Italie into Britayn Marcelliâ—… lib. 1â—… Paâ—…â—…rie whom the Emperor Constantius would haue punished bycause they had takeÌ„ part with Maxentius his aduersarie Paulus a Spaniard and Notarie was sente ouer by him with coÌ„mission to make enquirie of them and to see them brought to light to answer their transgressions which Paulus began to deale roughly in the matter wherof he was called Caâ—…era and to rage against the Britons and partakers with the fugitiues in that they had receiued maynteyned them as he alledged Martinus liâ—…tenant but in the end being certified by Martinus the lieutenant of their innocencie and fearing least his extreme rigours mighte alienate the heartes of the inhabitauntes altogither and didde cause them to withdrawe their obedience from the Romaine Empire hee tourned the execution of hys furie from them vnto the Romaines and made hauocke of those whiche he suspected till the said Martinus fell at square with him and thinking on a tyme to kill him he drew his sword smote at him but such was his age weakenes y t he was not able to kil or giue him any deadly wound wherfore he turned y e point of his sword against himself so ended his life being conteÌ„ted rather to die than see his countreymen subiects of the empire so to be abused After this the said Paulus returned backe again into Italy froÌ„ wheÌ„ce he came after whose departure it was not long ere he also was slain and then al the Scots Picts sore disquieted the Romain subiects for the suppressing of whose attempts Lupicinus was sent ouer out of Gallia by Iulianus as shal be declared out of Amianus Marcellinus after wee haue firste shewed what we find written in our owne writers concerning the Scots Pictes who nowe began to robbe spoile the British inhabitants within the Romain prouinces here in this yle that euen in most outragious maner Maximianus or rather Maximus Betwixte him and the abouenamed Conan Meridoc duke of Cornwall chaunced strife and debate so that Conan got him into Scotlande and there purchasing ayde returned and coming ouer Humber wasted the countrey on eche side Maximianus therof hauing aduertisement reysed his power and went against him and so fighting with him diuers batayles sometime departed away with victorie and somtime with losse At length through mediation of frends a peace was accorded betwixt theÌ„ Finally this Maximianus or as the Romaine histories haue Maximus was by the souldioures chosen and proclaimed Emperour here in Britayne although some write that this was done in Spayn After he had taken vpon him the imperial dignitie vpon desire to haue enlarged his dominion Galfr. Mon. Fabian Caxton Mat. VVest The Britishe youth led forth of the realme by Maximianus hee assembled togyther all the chosen youthe of thys lande meete to doe seruice in the warres with the whiche hee passed ouer into Fraunce and there as our writers recorde he first subdued the countrey aunciently called Armorica slew in bataile the king therof called Imball This done he gaue y e country vnto Conan Meridock Britayne in France the whiche was there with hym to hold the same of him of the kings of great Britayne for euer He also commaunded that the sayde countrey from thenceforth should be called Little Britaine and so was the name changed What people so euer inhabited there before the ancient name argueth that they were rather Britons than anye other for Armorica in the Britishe tong signifieth as muche as a countrey lying vpon the sea Conan then placing himself and his Britons in y t quarter of Gallia auoyded all the old inhabitaÌ„ts peopling y e couÌ„try only w t BritoÌ„s which abhorring to ioyn themselues with women born in Gallia Conan was counsailed to sende into Britayn for maydes to be coupled with his people in mariage Dionethus duke of Cornvvall Herevpon a messenger was dispatched vnto Dionethus at that tyme Duke of Cornewal gouernor of Britayn vnder Maximianus Maydes sente foorth requiring him to sende ouer into little Britaine .xj. thousand maydes that is to witte viij M. to be bestowed vpon the meaner forte of Conans people and .iij. thousand to be ioyned in mariage with the nobles and Gentlemen Dronethus to satisfie the Conans request assembled the appoynted number of maydes and amongst them he also appointed his daughter Vrsula a lady of excelleÌ„t beautie to go ouer to be giuen in mariage vnto the foresayd Conan Meridock as he had earnestly requested These number of maydes were shipped in Thames and passing forewarde toward Britayne were by force of wether and rage of winde scattered abrode and part of them drowned Vrsula the daughter of Dionethus the residue amongst whom was the forsayd Vrsula were slayn by Guanius king of the Hunnes and Melga king of the Picts into whose hands they fell the which Guanius and Melga were sent by the emperor Gratian to the sea coasts of Germanye to oppresse subdue all such as were frendes maynteyners of the part of Maximus We fynde in some bookes that there were sent ouer at that tyme .lj. M. maydes that is to say xj M. of Gentlewomen and .xl. M. of others After that Guanius and Melga had murthered the foresayd Virgins Guanius and Melga they entred into the north partes of Britayn where the Scots now inhabite and beganne to make sore warre on the Britons whereof when Maximus was aduertised hee sente into Britayne one Gratianus with three Legions of Souldiours the whiche bare
Rutupis hee transported ouer vnto Sandwiche and so marched foorth vnto London from thence purposing to set forward as vppon aduice taken according to the qualitie of his businesse he should thinke meete and expedient Of the displacing of these men the learned may see more in Am. Mar. In the meane time whilest Lupicinus was busie here in Britaine to represse the enimies the Emperour Constantius displaced certayne officers and among other he depriued the same Lupicinus of the office of Master of the armory appoynting one Gumobarius to succeede hym in that roomth before any suche thing was knowen in these parties and where it was doubted least that Lupicinus if hee hadde vnderstoode so much whilest hee was yet in Britayne woulde haue attempted some newe trouble as he was a man of a stoute and loftie mynde he was called backe from thence and withall there was sente a notarie vnto Bulleyne to watche that none shoulde passe the Seas ouer into Britayne till Lupicinus were returned and so returning ouer from thence ere hee hadde anye knowledge what was done by the Emperoure hee coulde make no sturre hauyng no suche assisters in Gallia as it was thoughte he myght haue hadde in Britayne if he should haue moued Rebellion there Beside this also the same Marcellinus speaking of the doings about the time that Valentinianus being elected Emperour Lib. 26. had admitted his brother Valens as followe with him in gouernemente hathe these words Ammianus Marcellinus lib. 26. In this season as though trumpets had blowen the sounde to battell through out the whole Romayne Empire most cruell nations being styrred vp inuaded the bordures nexte to them adioyning The Almanes the Almaynes wasted and destroyed the partes of Gallia and Rhitia The Sarmatae The Quadi Picts Saxōs as the Sarmatians and Quadi did Parmonia The Pictes the Saxons the Scottes and the Attacottes vexed the Britaynes with continuall troubles and greeuous domages The Austoriani Austoriani The Gothes and the people of the Mores ouerranne the countrey of Affrike more sharply than in time past they had done The pilfering troupes of the Gothes spoyled Thracia The King of Persia sette in hande to subdue the Armenians and soughte to bring them vnder his obeysance hasting with all speede towardes Numomia pretending though vniustly that now after the decesse of Iouianus with whome hee hadde contracted a league and bonde of peace there was no cause of let why hee ought not recouer those things which as he alledged did belong to his auncetours and so foorthe Moreouer Lib. 27. the same Marcellinus in another place writeth in this wise where hee speaketh of the sayde Valentinianus Departing therefore from Amiens and hasting to Trier hee was troubled with greeuous newes that were brought hym gyuing hym to vnderstand that Britayne by a conspiracie of the Barbarous nations was broughte to vtter pouertie that Nectaridus one of the Emperoures house Earle of the Sea coast hauyng charge of the partyes towardes the Sea was slayne Comesmaritimi tractus and that the generall Bulchobaudes was circumuented by traynes of the enimies These thyngs with greate horror beeyng knowen hee sent Seuerus as then Earle or as I may call hym Lorde Stewarde of his householde to refourme things that were amisse if happe woulde so permitte Comesdomesticorum who beeyng shortly called backe Iouinius goyng thyther and with speede hasting forwarde sent for more ayde and a greater power of menne as the instant necessitie then required At length for many causes and the same greatly to be feared the which were reported and aduertised out of that Isle Theodosius sente into Britaine Theodosius was elected and appoynted to goe thyther a man of approoued skill in warlike affayres and calling togyther an hardy youthfull number of the legions and cohortes of men of warre hee wente foorthe no small hope beeyng conceyued of hys good speede the fame whereof spred and went afore him and a little after Marcellinus adding what maner of people they were that troubled the Britaynes in this wise he sayth thus This shall suffice to be sayde that in thys season the Pictes deuided into two nations Pictes deuided into two nations Attacotti Dicalidones and Vecturiones and in like maner the Attacotti a right warlike nation and the Scots wandering heere and there made foule worke in places where they came The confines of Fraunce were disquieted by the Frankeyners and Saxons bordurers vnto them euery one as they could breake foorth doing great harme by cruell spoyle fyre and takyng of prisoners To withstande those doyngs if good fortune would giue hym leaue that most able Captayne going vnto the vttermost boundes of the earthe Theodosius passeth ouer into Britayne when hee came to the coast of Bulleyne whyche is separated from the contrary coast on the other side by the Sea with a narrowe streighte where sometime the water goeth very high and rough and shortly after becommeth calme and pleasant without hurt to those that passe the same he transporting ouer at leysure arriued at Sandwiche or rather Rextachester where there is a quiete roade for vessels to lie at ancre Wherevppon when the Bataui and Heruti with the Souldiers of the legions cleped Iouij Bataui Hollanders and Victores being companies that trusted well to their owne strengthe marched foorthe and drew towardes London an auntient citie whiche now of late hath bin called Augusta London called Augusta Herwith deuiding his army into sundry parts he set vppon the troupes of the enimies as they were abroade to forrey the countrey ◅estred with burdens of their spoyles and pillage and speedily putting them to flighte as they were leading away those prisoners whiche they had taken with their booties of cattell hee berefte them of theyr pray the whiche the poore Britaynes that were tributaries had lost To bee briefe restoring the whole excepte a small portion bestowed amongst the weery souldiers he entred the Citie which before was ouerset with troubles but nowe sodainly refreshed bycause there was hope of reliefe and assuted preseruation After this when Theodosius was comforted with prosperous successe to attempte things of greater importance and searching wayes howe with good aduice to worke surely whilest hee remayned doubtfull what would ensue he learned as wel by the confession of prisoners taken as also by the information of such as were fledde from the enimies that the scattered people of sundry nations which with practise of great crueltie wer become fierce and vndanted could not be subdued but by policie secretly contriued and suddayne inuasions At length therefore setting foorthe hys Proclamations and promising pardon to those that were gone away from their Captaynes or charge he called them backe againe to serue and also those that by licence were departed and lay scattered here and there in places abroade By this meanes when many were returned he being on the one side earnestly prouoked and on the other holden backe with thoughtfull cares
he did put Ferquhard also in great hazarde of his lyfe who by flying yet escaped his hands and got him ouer into the Isle of Ila whither resorted vnto him diuers of the Nobles that fauored not Douale with a great number of the commons Ferquhart is â—…layne On the coÌ„trary side there died also Ferquhard himselfe with diuers gouernours of Trybes beside the residue of the Nobles Gentlemen and commons of Rosse Cathenese Marne Argile Cantyr and Lorne with them of the westerne Isles which were there with him Reuther escaping with lyfe from this blouddie encounter Reuther the king fledde in the night followyng departed his wayes with such of his people as were left aliue Wherof his enimies being aduertised in the next morning pursued after him with such diligence Reuther pursued and takeÌ„ that in the end they tooke him within a castell in Cathenese whither he was fledde for succour he was pardoned of life He is pardoned of life partly in respect of his fathers merites and partly againe for that it was knowen how his tender youth was such as had not deserued death by any fact otherwise thaÌ„ in that he had followed the councell of malicious persons By this â—â—uel murder huge slaughter thus committed betwixte these twoo nations of Scottish men Picts bothe their forces were so greatly enfeebled that they became an easie pray to their auÌ„cient coÌ„mon enimies the Brytains who in such oportunitie of occasion thought not to sit stil til the same might haply be past gone First therfore with a mightie armie the Brytains inuaded the Picts The Brytains vpoÌ„ occasioÌ„ inuade the picts The Picts expulsed by the Brytains flee in to the Isles of Orkeney the nobles of which nation perceyuing themselues not able to make resistance fled with theyr wiues their children and the most parte of their goodes ouer into the Isles of Orkeney and there assembling togither they created them a new king to haue the gouernance ouer them Gethus king who was also named Gethus and brother to the other Gethus a little before mentioned Here also they remayned certaine yeares after liuing in peaceable manner with the former inhabitants whom they found there wroging them by no iniurious dealing at all if the Scottish historie be true Why Orkeney was called Pictland as some suppose but the trueth shoulde seeme to be that they were so called bycause the Pictes inhabited there before they set foote in Brytaine Hereof moreouer as some suppose it came to passe that these IlaÌ„ds of Orkeney are named by diuers wryters the auÌ„cient kingdome of y e Picts In the meane while the Brytains seasing vpon such countreys as these Pictes had forsaken that is to say the Mers Louthien and other they left in diuers places wher they thought expedieÌ„t garysons of men of warre to keepe the same in due subiection and after entred into the confines of the Scottish kingdome breÌ„ning and wasting all afore them The Brytaines inuade the Scottes wherewith suche Scottes as yet remayned aliue being highly moued to indignation came stoutly into the fielde to defende theyr countrey The Scottes ouerthrowen encouÌ„tring with their enimies neare to Kalendar wood they loste a ij M. of theyr companie the residue also being sore chased fled into sundrie parties for sauegard of their liues This discomfiture put the Scottishe nation into such feare terrour that they vtterly dispaired of al recouerie where contrarywise the Brytains were so aduaunced in hope vtterly to expel all aliens out of their Isle that pursuyng the victory in most earnest wise they forced Reuther and all the Nobilitie of the Scottish nation that was yet left aliue to flee for sauegarde of theyr liues into the castell of Berigonium where they helde themselues as in the surest holde The Brytains being certified of the repaire of their enimies to BerigoniuÌ„ enuironed the castell with a strong and vehement siege vntill that the Scots within were constreyned through 〈◊〉 of vitayles to eate each other Scots bâ—… 〈…〉 an other according as y e lots fell by a coÌ„mon agreement made amongst them But when it came to passe that euen those that were reputed as heads and gouernours in whom consisted the hope of theyr whole defense did now and then come to the shambles aswell as other of lesse reputation they thought it beste to trie by issuyng foorth if any of theyr happes might be so good as to escape the dauÌ„ger present whereas by tarying still within the fortresse they should but deuoure one another without any reuenge for losse of their liues had vpon their fierce and cruell enimies Wherevpon by common consente there issueth foorth The Scottes come forth 〈◊〉 fight firste one Colane Lorde of Cantyr with an hundreth of his owne Souldiers and fiercely skyrmishing with the Brytains defended himself a good space right maÌ„fully though in the ende bothe he and his whole bande were borne downe and slayne with preasse and multitude of his enimies that assailed him on each side In the meane season whilest he thus occupied the Brytains in fight on one side Reuther escâ—…peth Reuther with the residue of his people brake foorth by an other way and escaping to the sea side got shippes and fled ouer into the westerne Isles where he found a great number of other Scottish men that were gotten thither being compelled by Denus king of the Brytains to auoyde foorth of the countreys whiche they before inhabited This cruell warre lasted a .xij. yeares tâ—…ll in maner all such Scottes and Pictes as remayned in Albion were brought vnder seruitude to the Brytains In which meane while Gethus king of the Pictes kepte his siege royall in Pomonia the chiefest Isle of the Orkeneys Reuther is â—â—â—te for out of Ireland Reuther also begot of his wife a sonne named Thereus and shortly after being procured by letters and messengers sent vnto him from the foresayd Gethus and such Scottes as were yet remayning in Albion he assembled a number of shippes togither first with a chosen power of warriours sayled to the western Isles where increasing his numbers he passed ouer into Albion landing on the weste halfe of Rosse at Lough Bruum A custome there comming a land the first person that they mette with according to a custome vsed amoÌ„gst them in those dayes they slew wetting the pointes of theyr weapons in his bloud they firste tasted thereof after theyr manner then holding vp their weapoÌ„s into the ayre they desired of the Goddes that they might reuenge the bloud of their elders with happy battaile against the Brytons their enimies After this heating that Gethus king of the Picts was also entred the laÌ„d with a mighty power of Germains which were come to his ayd and was not past a .xxx. miles of The Germains in ayde of the Pictes he stayed there abidyng for his comming to the intent that ioyning theyr powers togither
lynage hereafter in time to come arme thēselues to the reuenge of theyr parentes deaths and that not without perill of the vtter losse of our countrey and kingdome This sentence of the king The commons allowe the kings saying though it seemed ouer cruell to many yet whether for that they sawe the same to stande with the kings pleasure or that they thought it moste expedient for the suretie of the Scottishe common wealth it was allowed and ratified by them all Such crueltie herevpō was forthwith shewed through one all the Pictish regions A cruel acte committed by the Scots vpon the Pictes that there was not one liuing creature of humane shape left aliue killing such as saued themselues within the walles of Camelon or in certaine other holdes and fortresses and also aboute twoo thousande of those that fledde into Englande for all the residue were moste vnmercyfully murthered and slayne without respect eyther to age sexe profession or estate Thus Kenneth hauing dispatched the inhabitunes seased the coūtrey into his owne hands Pictland parted vnto diuers men making particion of the same as he sawe cause and deuiding it amongst his nobles accordyng to the merites of euery of them duely wayed and considered he added newe names also vnto euery quarter and region eyther after the name of the gouernour or els of some promontorie riuer or other notable water or place accordyng as was the auncient custome of the nation that the memory of the Pictishe names might ende togither with the inhabitants The countrey aunciently called Horestia Newe names are giuen vnto euery region was giuen vnto twoo bretherne Angusian and Mernan by reason whereof the one parte of the same countrey was called Angus Angus Merne and the other the Mernes The linage of those two noble men remayne vnto this day The region whiche till then was named Otholinia was turned afterwardes to the name of Fyfe after the name of one Fyfe Dusse whose valiancie was throughly tried in these laste warres with the Pictes There remayne vnto this day tokens and old ruines of a Castell situate betwixt the riuer of Leuine and Saint Kenneths churche which as yet appeareth was fensed about with seuen rampers and as many diches wherein the posteritie of this woorthy man after his deceasse had theyr habitacion by the space of many hundred yeares Louthian reteyned still the former name Louthian so honorable was the remembraunce of that famous Prince king Loth amongst all men The strongest castle of the whole countrey Kenneth bestowed vpon that valiant Captaine named Bat A rewarde giuen vnto Ba◅ which was the fortresse of Dunbar whose councell and forewarde seruice stood the Scottes in no small fleede in those warres in whiche the Pictes were thus subdued That fortresse euer sithence after his name hath bene called Dunbar that is to say the Castell of Bar. There descended of hym a noble house or family bearyng the name of this Castell The famelie of Dunbar continuing in greate fame and honour euen vnto our tyme of the whiche the Earles of Marche had theyr beginning and continued long in that dignitie from one to an other with diuers branches of right famous memorie The changyng of the names of the Dales The names of diuers dales were also chaunged and some kepte the olde names still ▪ Ordolucia shortely after beganne to take the name of Annandale Annandale of the ryuer of Annan that renneth through the same Tweedale And so lykewise Tweedale tooke name of the water of Tweede Cludesdale And Cludesdale of the ryuer of Clud In lyke maner many other Countreys Townes and Castels had theyr names chaunged at the same tyme after they came into the possession of the Scottishmenne vpon sundrie considerations for a witnesse of theyr victorious actes atchieued agaynst the Pictes The Gentlewomen are preserued in Camelon Furthermore into the citie of Camelon were withdrawen the moste parte of all the noble mens wiues of the Picts with their chyldren vpō truste to be safe in the same aswell by reason of the strength of the place as also of the strong garyson whiche was appoynted to defende it Kenneth sendeth vnto Camelon commaunding thē for to yeelde Kenneth therefore hauyng taken his pleasure abroade in the countrey came thyther with a mighty armie to besiege the Citie and firste sendyng vnto them within to knowe if they woulde yeelde he was aunswered howe sithe it plainely appeared that the Scottes coulde be satisfied with nothing but with the slaughter of all suche as fell into theyr handes aswell of women and chyldren with impotent age as of other they were minded neuer to surrender theyr holde with lyfe Wherevpon the siege continued by the space of many dayes They of Camelon require truce for three dayes Whylest the Scottes in the meane tyme gotte togither greate number of faggottes and other suche brushe and stuffe to fill the ditches withall whiche were very deepe and broade at length when they within beganne to want vitayles they requyred a truce for three dayes in the whiche meane time they might take aduise for the surrender of the Citie Kenneth mistrusting no deceyt graunted theyr request and therevpon commaunded his people to ceasse from all maner of annoyance of the enimies for that terme The Pictes issue vpon the Scottes with great fortune But in the meane tyme the Pictes prepared themselues of all things necessary to make an issue vpon the Scottes There was also an olde gate forlet and stopped vp with earth and stones vpon the one side of the Citie so that of a long tyme before there had bene no way foorth by the same wherefore in the darke of the night the Pictes ridding away the earth and ◅a◅nall wherwith it was closed vp aboute the thyrd wa◅he they passe foorth at that gate in good order of battayle setting firste vpon suche Scottes as kepte the standyng watche who were in doubte of nothing lesse than of any issue to be made on that side by meanes whereof they were easily oppressed and likewise the other that kepte the inner watche in so muche that the slaughter went on almoste euen to the kings tent with greate noyse and clamour as is commonly seene in suche sodayne tumultes especially chancyng in the night season When the day began once to appeare the Pictes withdrawyng towardes the Citie by the same way they came were pursuade by the Scottes and no small number of them slayne at the entring The Citie also had bene taken at the same time but that the Pictes out of the turrettes and loupes of the walles discharged a wonderfull number of quarelles dartes arrowes stones and other things vppon the Scottes as they approched neare to the gate where theyr fellowes that made the issue hasted to enter againe into the towne There were slayne of the Scottes at this bickeryng aboue sixe hundred An extreeme vowe made by king Kenneth wherewith Kenneth
woodden bridge that stretched from the towne to the otherside of the water which must haue béene by reasonable suruey xij score if not more Diuers of the poales logges stakes with which the bridge was vnderpropt sticke to this daye in the water A man woulde here suppose that so floorishing a towne so firmely buylded so substantially walled so well peopled so plenteously with thryftie artificers stored woulde not haue fallen to any sodaine decay Rosse decayed But as the secret déepe iudgements of God are veiled within the couerture of his diuine Maiestie so it standeth not with the dulnesse of man his wit to beate his braynes in the curious ensearching of hidden misteries Wherefore I as an hystorian vndertaking in this Treatise rather plainely to declare what was done then rashly to inquyre why it shoulde be done purpose by God his assistaunce to accomplish as néere as I can my duetie in the one leauing the other to the friuolous deciding of busie heads This Rose who was the soundresse of these former rehearsed walles had issue thrée sonnes howbeit some holde opinion that they were but hir Nephewes who beyng bolstered out through the wealth of their mother and supported by their trafficke made diuers prosperous voyages into forraine countreys But as one of the thrée chapmen was imployed in his trafficke abroade so the prettie popelet his wyfe began to be a freshe decupying giglofte at home and by report fell so farre acquainted wyth a religious cloysterer of the towne as that he gate wythin the lyning of hyr smocke Bothe the partyes wallowing ouerlong in the stincking puddle of aâ—…terit suspicion beganne to créepe in some townes mens braines and to be briefe it came so farre through the iust iudgement of God to light whether it were that she was with childe in hir husbande his absence or that hir louer vsed hir fondly in open presence as the presumption was not onely vehement but also the fact too too apparent Hir vnfortunat husband had not sooner notice gyuen him vpon his returne of these sorowfull newes then his fingers began to nibble hys téeth to grinne hys eyes to trickle his eares to dindle his heade to dezell in somuch as his heart being skeared wyth ialousie The panges of ialousie his wits enstalde through Phrenesie he became as madde as a marche hare But howe heauily soeuer hir husbande tooke it Dame Rose and all hir friendes which were in effect all the townes men for that she was their common benefactresse were galde at their hearts aswell to heare of the enormyous aduoutrie as to sée the bedlem panges of brainsicke ialousie Wherevpon diuers of the townes menne grunting and grudging at the matter sayde that the fact was horrible and that it were a déede of charitie vtterly to grubbe away such wilde shrubbes from the towne and if thys were in any dispunishable wyse rakte vp in the ashes they shoulde not sooner trauerse the seas then some other woulde enkendle the like fire a freshe and so consequently dishonest their wyfes and make their husbands to become changelinges as being turnde froÌ„ sober moode to be hornewood because rutting wyues make often rammishe husbandes as our prouerbe doeth inferre Others soothing their fellowes in these mutynies turned the priuate iniurie to a publicke quarell and a number of the townes men conspiring togyther flockt in the dead of the nyght well appointed to the Abbeye wherein the feyer was cloystered the monument of which Abbaye is yet to be séene at Rosse on the South syde where vndersparring the gates The fryers murthered and bearing vp the dormitorie doore they stabbed the adulterer with the reast of the couent through wyth their weapons Where they left them goaring in their bloude roaring in their cabannes and gasping vp their flitting goastes in their couches The vproare was great and they to whom the slaughter before hande was not imparted were woonderfully thereat astonyed But in especiall the remnant of the cleargy bare very hollow hearts to the townes men and howe friendly theyr outward countenances were yet they would not with inwarde thought forget nor forgiue so horrible a murder but were fully resolued whensoeuer oportunitie serued them to sit in their skirtes by making theÌ„ soulfe as sorowfull a kyrie These thrée brethren not long after this bloudy exployte spedde theÌ„ into some outlandish countrey to continue their trade The religious men being done to vnderstaÌ„d as it séemed by some of their neighbours which foresayled them homeward that these thrée brethren were ready to be imbarckt slunckt priuily out of the towne and resorted to the mouth of the hauen néere a castle Hulck tower named Hulck tower which is a notable marck for Pilottes in directing them which way to sterne their ships and to eschew the daunger of the craggy rockes there on euery side of the shore peaking Some iudge that the said Rose was foundresse of this tower and of purpose dyd buylde it for the saftie of hir childreÌ„ but at length it turned to their bane For these reuengers nightly dyd not misse to laye a lanterne on the toppes of the rockes that were on the other side of the water Which practise was not long by theÌ„ continued when these thrée passengers bearing sayle with a lusty gale of winde made right vpon the lanterne not doubting but it had bene the Hulck tower But they tooke theyr marke so farre amisse as they were not ware to tyme theyr ship was dasht and pasht agaynst the rockes all the passengers ouerwhyrled in the sea This heauy hap was not so sorrowfull to the townes men as it was gladsome to the religious thincking that they had in part cryed them acquittaunce the more that they which were drowned were the Archebrochers of their brethrens bloude Howbeit they would not crye hoa here but sent in poste some of their couent to Rome where they inhaunced the slaughter of the fraternitie so haynously concealed their owne pranckes so couertly as the Pope excoÌ„menged the towne y e towne accursed the Friers so that there was suche cursing and banning of all handes and such discentious hurly burly raysed betwéene theÌ„selfes as the estate of that flourishing towne was tourned arsye versye topside thotherway from abundaunce of prosperitie quite exchanged to extréeme penurye The present estate of Rosse The walles stand to this day a few stréets houses in the towne no small parcell thereof is turned to Orchardes and Gardeines The greater part of the towne is stéepe and steaming vpwarde Theyr church is called Christchurche in the northside whereof is placed a monument called the king of Denmarke hys tumbe whereby coniecture maye ryse that the Danes were the founders of that church New rosse old Rosse This Rosse is called Rosse noua or Rosse ponti by reason of theyr brydge That which they call olde Rosse beareth east thrée myles from thys Rosse into the countrye of Weisforde an auncient manour of the
Pictes inuade Britaine 67.6 Pictes descended of the nation of the Scithians 67.6 Pictes whereof so named 67.10 Pictes supposed to be Agathirses 67.17 Pictes arriue in Irelande to seeke seates 67.24 Pictes depart from Irelande and arriue in Britaine 67.39 Pictes vanquished and slayne by the Britaines 67.45 Pictes remainder appointed to inhabite Catnesse in Scotland 67.49 Pictes and Scots enter vppon the Britaines and chase them out of their townes 101.6 Pictes that inhabite the South part of Scotland brought out of Scithia by Fulgentius 81.69 Pictes by what auncient Romane writer first made mention of 87.107 Pictes so called of painting their bodyes 13.90 Pictes and Scots inuade Britaine and wast the countrey 111.27 Pictes and Scots returne into Britaine by sea and inhabite the North partes of the I le 100.72 Pilgrimage in women a colour to whoredome 190.30 Pightland in Scotland so called of the Pictes 13.99 Pictes send ayde to the Brytaines against the Romanes 39.45 Pig brought forth with a face like a man 351.42 Praying to Saintes not lyked of 335.88 Pictes vanquished by king Oswy 176.33 Pictes and Scots driuen out of Britaine with helpe of the Romanes 100.6 Pictes and Scots breake down the wall and enter againe into Britaine 100.20 Pikering towne builded 32.15 Pirrhus sonne to Achilles 10.43 Pirrhus issue by Andromache 10.45 Pictes deuided into two nations 104.5 Pius Antoninus Emperour 76.57 Piracie of the Saxons described 107.82 Pinnor king of Loegria 22.90 Peers of the Realme called to a counsell pag. 1292. col 1. lin 2. Piece of the holy Crosse sent from Rome into Englande 217.49 Pictes and Scots sore disquiet the Romane subiectes in Britaine 95.17 Pilgrimage to the Abbey of Burie 586.45 Pictouius cited 5.17 Plantagenet Arthur created Viscount Lisle 1525.50 Pleshey Castle deliuered to K Stephan 380.42 Edward Plantagenet created Erle of Rutland 1076.3 b. Plantagenet Geffray moueth rebellion against kyng Stephan 367.81 Plantagenet Geffray put to flight and many of his people slaine 367.103 Plantagenet Geffray inuadeth Normandie 376.54 Plautius Pretor of Rome sent General of the Romane arme into Britaine 48.65 Plautius landeth with his armie in Britaine 48.95 Plautius vanquisheth y e Brytaines at his first arriual 49.6 Plautius triumphed for hys noble actes atchieued in Britaine 50.13 Plantagenet William eldest sonne to king Henrye the second departeth this life 396.30 Plantagenet Geffray beginneth a rebellion against hys brother king Henrye the second 396.34 Plantagenet Geffray not to bee buryed tyll his sonnes had sworne to performe his last wyll and testament 396.51 Plantagenet Geffray expulsed out of his Earledome of Aniou by his brother Henry the second 396.67 Plantagenet Geffray dyeth 396.75 Plantagenet Edward Erle of Warwicke is brought openly from y e Towre to Poules by land and goeth in procession 1429.23 The Pausgraue of the Rhine commeth into Englande 1574.18 Plantagenet Arthur Viscount Lisle dieth of immoderate ioye 1584.8 Plantagenet Edward sonne and heyre of George Duke of Clarēce kept in Sheriffehuton Castle as prisoner and from thence conueied vnto the Towre of London 1424 20. arreygned and beheaded 1454.30 Plozac Geffray with his sonne Myles Ambassadours to K. Henry the seconde from Hubert Earle of Morienne 424.25 Edward Plantagenet created Earle of Rutland 1050.8 b. Pleymond made Archbishop of Cantorburie 218.36 Plantagenet Geffray Earle of Aniou departeth this lyfe 384.10 Plantagenet Geffray Earle of Aniou his issue 384.16 Plentie of wealth accompanied with store of sinnes 111.1 Pleymond sent to Rome with ritch presentes from the king 223.48 Placida mother to Valentinyan the Emperour 121.55 Pleymond Archbyshop of Cantorburie 223.42 Pleasance 1103.1 a. Pleas of the crowne holden at the towre of London 705.46 Plenidius a Barde 4.41 Plentie of graine 797.8 a. Popes goe out of the steppes which Peter trode 330.109 Pope to haue nothing to doo in any kingdome touching temporal liberties 331.6 Popes office and duetie what it is 331.7 Popish Byshops cannot keepe their allegiance towardes their Prince and their obedience to the See of Rome without their Princes pleasure 331.36 Portes fiue resist the landing of French men comming to ayde Lewes 615.37 Pont Meulan surprised by the French pag. 1220. col 2. lin 34. rendred agayn to the English lin 49. Popes power banished 1563.15 is restored agayne 1761 30. is eftsoones banished 1797.26 Poste comming from the Pope is stayed at Douer 712.54 Popes Nuncio commaūded to depart the Realme 713.29 Pope requireth the French king to warre agaynst England 714.89 Pope giueth sentence with the Monkes of Cantorburie agaynst the Byshops 563.73 Pope nameth Stephan Langton to be Archbishop of Canterburie against king Iohns appoyntment 564.48 Popes answere to king Iohns Letter 565.15 Pope writeth to the Byshops concerning king Iohn and Stephan Langton chosen Archbyshop of Canterburie and of the Monkes there 565.98 Poules doore blowen open 1835.57 Pope Alexander the second sendeth a banner to Duke William of Normandie at his expedition into England 285.100 Pope and Cardinales compared to a shaken Reede which bendeth what way soeuer the wynde bloweth 286.4 Poole Reynold Cardinal reuoked by Queene Mary 1723 5. consultation held how he should be receyued eadem 20. his attaindour is reuersed by Parliament 1759.50 commeth into the Parliament house Legate from the Pope 1760.4 the effect of his Oration there eadem 37. absolued the Realme from Schisme 1761.30 is receyued into Poules with procession by the Lord Chancellour 1762.43 goeth to Marke to conclude a peace betweene the Emperour and the French king 1764.6 sendeth the Byshop of Gloucester to sit in iudgement on Cranmer 1765.20 is archbyshop of Canterburie eadem 30. depriueth Doctor Weston of al his spiritual lyuings for adulterie 1769.26 dyeth 1782.1 his pedegree ibid◅m Poynings Edward knight sent with a power into Ireland to suppresse the fauorers of Perkin Warbecke 1444.37 Poynings Edwarde Knight 1447.20 Poole Lord Montagne committed to the Towre 1510.28 restored to the kings fauour 1519.47 Pope dispenseth for the detayning of Abbey landes 1763.8 Poules Steeple with a part of the Church burned 1815. the Church repayred ibidem Policie of the Frenche king to weaken Kyng Williams force of England 310.16 Pope and Sea of Rome souereygne Lord of Ireland 420 59. Pope graunteth the souereigntie of Ireland to king Henry the second 420.87 Polidore reprooued of errour 32.45 and. 55.18 Policie of Lewis the French king to winne Vernueyle 428.49 Poynings Edward knight of of the Garter and Controller of the kings house sent with a power agaynst the Duke of Geldres 1440.1 Pope sweareth by Saint Peter 592.20 Popes decree is declared to the Barons 592.50 Pope sendeth to the French king to diswade hym from help in the Barons against king Iohn 598.78 The French kings allegations to the Popes Legate 598.83 Poyctouins are confederate with the french king against the king of Englād 411.12 Portesmouth 551.99 Popes Legate sueth for the restitutiō of Fulkes de Brent but obtayneth not 628.6 Poynings Thomas knight captayne of Guisnes 1594.36 discomfiteth the Frenchmen at Basse Buileyne 1599.
Egnatius IohaÌ„nes Capgraue Iohannes Fourden Iohannes Caius Iacob de Voragine Bishop of Nebio Iean de Bauge a Frenchman wrote a Pamphlet of the warres in Scotlande during the time that Monsieur de Desse remayned there Iohn Foxe Iohannes Maior Iohn Stow by whose diligent collected summarie I haue ben not only ayded but also by diuers rare monuments ancient wryters and necessarie register Bookes of his which he hath lente me out of his owne Librarie Iosephus L. LIber constitutionum London Lucan Lelius Giraldus M. MArianus Scotus Matheus Paris Matheus VVestmonaster alià s Flores historiarum Martin du Bellay alià s Monsieur de Langey Mamertinus in Panagericis Memoires de la Marche N. NIcepherus Nennius Nicholaus Treuet with additions O. ORosius Dorobernensis Osbernus Dorobernensis Otho Phrisingensis P. PAusanias Paulus Diaconus Paulus Aemilius Ponticus Virunnius Pomponius Laetus Philippe de Cumeins alià s MoÌ„sieur de Argentâ—…n Polidor Vergil Paulus Iouius Platina Philippe Melancton Peucerus Pomponius Mela. R. ROgerus Houeden Ranulfus Higeden alià s Cestrensis the author of Polichronicon Radulfus niger Radulfus Cogheshall Register of the Garter Recordes of Battell Abbey Richardus Southwell Robert Greene. Radulfus de Diceto Robert Gaguin Rodericus Archiepiscopus Toletanus Recordes and rolles diuers S. STrabo Suetonius Sigebertus Gemblacensis Sidon Apollinaris Simon Dunelmensis Sextus Aurelius Victor T. TRebellius Pollio Thomas More knight Thomas Spotte Thomas VValsingham Titus Liuius Patauiensis Titus Liuius de Foroliuisijs de vita Henrici 5. Thomas Lanquet Thomas Couper Taxtor a Monke of Berry Theuet Thomas de la More Tripartita Historia V. VVlcatius Gallicanus Volfgangus Lazius VV. VVHethamsteed a learned man sometime Abbot of S. Albons a Chronicler VVilliam Harrison VVilliaÌ„ Patten of the expeditioÌ„ into ScotlaÌ„d 1574. VVilliam Procter of VViattes rebellion Besides these diuers other Bookes and Treatises of Historicall mater I haue seene and perused the names of the Authours beyng vtterly vnknowen FINIS ⧠AN HISTORICALL DEscription of the Islande of Britayne with a briefe rehearsall of the nature and qualities of the people of Englande and of all such commodities as are to be founde in the same ⧠In the first Booke of the Description of Britayne these Chapters are contayned that ensue 1. Of the scituation and quantitie of the Isle of Britayne 2. Of the auncient names of this Islande 3. What sundry nations haue dwelled in this countrey 4. Whether it be likely that euer there were any Gyants inhabiting in this Islande 5. Of the generall language vsed sometime in Brytaine 6. Into howe many kingdomes at once this Isle hath bene deuided 7. Of the auncient religion vsed in Brytaine from the first comming of Samothes before the conuersion of the same vnto the faith of Christ 8. Of the number and names of such Salt Islandes as lye dispersed rounde about vpon the coast of Brytaine 9. Of the rysing and falles of such ryuers and streames as descende into the sea without alteration of their names first of those that lye betweene the Thames and the Sauerne 10. Of the Sauerne streame and such falles of ryuers as go into the Sea betweene it and the Humber 11. Of such riuers as fall into the sea betwene Humber the Thames 12. Of the fower high waies sometime made in Brytaine by the Princes of this lande 13. Of the ayre and soyle of the country 14. Of the generall constitution of the bodies of the Brytons 15. How Brytaine grew at the first to be deuided into three porcions 16. That notwithstanding the former particion made by Brute vnto his children the souereinety of the whole Islande remained styll to the Prince of Lhoegres and his posteritie after him 17. Of the Wall sometime builded for a particion betweene Englande and the Pictes ⧠To the Right Honorable and his singular good Lord and maister S. William Brooke Knight Lord warden of the cinque Portes and Baron of Cobham all increase of the feare and knowledge of God firme obedience towarde his Prince infallible loue to the common wealth and commendable renowne here in this woâ—…lde and in the worlde to come lyfe euerlasting HAVING had iust occasion Right Honourable to remayne in London during the tyme of Midsomer terme last passed and being earnestlye required of diuers my friends to set downe some briefe discourse of parcell of those thinges which I had obserued in the reading of such manifold antiquities as I had perused toward the furniture of a Chronologie which I had then in hande I was at the first very loth to yeelde to their desires first for that I thought my selfe vnable for want of witte and iudgement so sodainly and with such speede to take such a charge vppon me secondly bycause the dealing therin might prooue an impechement vnto mine owne Treatize and finallye for that I had giuen ouer all study of hystories as iudging the tyme spent about the same to be an hinderaunce vnto my more necessarie dealings in that vocation function whereunto I am called in the mynistery But when they were so importunate with me that no reasonable excuse coulde serue to put by this trauaile I condescended at the length vnto their yrkesome sute promising that I woulde spende such voyde time as I had to spare whylest I shoulde be inforced to tarie in the citie vpon some thing or other that shoulde stande in lieu of a description of my Country For their partes also they assured me of such helpes as they coulde purchase and thus with hope of good although no gaie successe I went in hande withall then almost as one leaning altogither vnto memorie sith my bookes and I were parted by fourtie myles in sonder In this order also I spent a part of Michaelmas and Hillarie termes insuing being inforced thereto I say by other businesses which compelled me to keepe in the citie and absent my selfe from my charge though in the meane season I had some repaire vnto my librarie but not so great as the dignitie of the matter required yet farre greater then the Printers haste woulde suffer One helpe and none of the smallest that I obtayned herein was by such commentaries as Leland had collected sometime of the state of Britaine bookes vtterly mangled defaced with wet and weather and finally imperfite through want of sundrie volumes secondly I gate some knowledge of things by letters and pamphlettes from sundrie places and shires of Englande but so discordaunt nowe and then amongest themselues especially in the names and courses of riuers and scituation of townes that I had oft greater trouble to reconcile them then to penne the whole discourse of such pointes as they contayned â–ª the thirde ayde did grow by conference with diuers eyther at the table or secretly alone wherein I marked in what things the talkers did agree and wherein they impugned eche other choosing in the end the former and reiecting the later as one desirous to set forth the truth absolutely or such things in deede as were most likely
maintenance of themselues and their posteritie for euermore To be short therefore after the Gyantes and great Princes or mightie men of the world had conspired and slaine the aforesayd Osyris Hercules his sonne surnamed Libius in the reuenge of his fathers death proclaymed open warres agaynst them all and going from place to place he ceased not to spoyle their kingdomes and therewithall to kill them that fell into his handes Finally hauing among other ouercome the Lomnimi or Geriones in Spayne Lomnimi Geriones and vnderstanding that Lestrigo his sonnes did yet remayne in Italie he directed his voyage into those parts and taking the kingdome of the Celtes in his waye he remayned for a season with Lucus the king of that Countrie where he also maried his daughter Galathea Galathea and beg at a sonne by hir calling him after his moothers name Galates Galates of whome in my Chronologie I haue spoken more at large In the meane time Albion vnderstanding howe Hercules intended to make warres agaynst his brother Lestrigo he thought it good to stop him that tyde and therefore sending for hys brother Bergion Bergion out of the Orchades where he also reygned as supreme Lorde and gouernour they ioyned their powers Pomponius Laetus sayled ouer into Fraunce Being arriued there it was not long ere they met with Hercules and his armie neare vnto the mouth of the riuer called Rhodanus where happened a cruell conflicte betwéene them in which Hercules and hys men were lyke to haue lost the daye for that they were in maner weryed with loÌ„g warres and their munition sore wasted in the last voiage that he had made for Spaine Herevppon Hercules perceyuing the courages of his souldiours somewhat to abate séeing the want of munition likely to be the cause of his fatall day and present ouerthrowe at hande it came sodenly into his mynde to will eche of them to defende himselfe by throwing of stones at hys enimie wherof there lay great store then scattered in the place The policie was no sooner published than put in execution whereby they so preuayled in th ende that Hercules wan the fielde their enemies were put to flight and Albion and his brother both slayne Albion slayne and buried in that plot Thus was Britaine ridde of a tyrant Lucus king of the Celtes deliuered froÌ„ an vsurper that daily incroched vpon him also euen in his owne kingdome on that side and Lestrigo greatly weakened by the slaughter of his brethren Of this inuention of Hercules in lyke sort it commeth that Iupiter father vnto Hercules who in déede was none other but Osyris is feygned to throw downe stones from heauen vpon Albion and Bergion It rayned â—…ones in the defence of Hercules his son which came so thick vpon them as if great drops of raine or hayle should haue descended from aboue no man well knowing which waye to turne him from their violence they came so fast and with so great a strength But to go forwarde albeit that Albion and his power were thus discomfited and slayne yet the name that he gaue vnto thys Islande dyed not but still remained vnto the time of Brute who arriuing here in the 1127 before Christ and 2840. after the creation not onely chaunged it into Britayne after it had bene called Albion by the space of 595. yeares but to declare his souereigntie ouer the reast of the Islandes also that are about the same he called them all after the same maner so that Albion was sayde in tyme to be Britanniarum insula maxima that is the greatest of those Isles that bare the name of Britayne It is altogither impertinent to discusse whether Hercules came into thys Islande after the death of Albion Hercules â—…n Britayne or not althoughe that by an auncient monument séene of late and the Cape of Hartland in the West countrie Promontorium Herculis called Promontorium Herculis in olde tyme diuers of our Brytishe wryters doe gather great likelyhoode that he shoulde also be here But syth hys presence or absence maketh nothing wyth the alteration of the name of this our Region and Countrie I passe it ouer as not incident to my purpose Neyther will I spend any time in the determination â—…o Marius Niger coÌ„ment de Britannia Cap. 2. whether Brittayne hath bene sometyme a percell of the mayne althoughe it shoulde well séeme so to haue bene bycause that before the generall floudde of Noah we doe â—…t â—…eade of Islandes As for the spéedie and timely inhabitation thereof this is myne opinion that it was inhabited shortly after the diuision of the earth For I reade that when ech Captayne and his company had their portions assigned vnto them by Noah in the partition that he made of the whole earth among hys posteritie Theophilus Antiothenus ad Antolicum they neuer ceased to trauayle and search out the vtter most boundes of the same vntill they founde out their parts allotted and had séene and vewed the limites thereof euen vnto the very pooles It shall suffice therefore only to haue touched these things in this manner a farre of and in returning to our purpose to procéede with the reast concerning the denomination of our Island which was knowen vnto most of the Gréekes for a long time by none other name than Albion and to say the truth euen vnto Alexanders daies notwithstanding that Brute as I haue sayde had chaunged the same into Britayne manye hundred yeares before After Brutus I doe not find that any man attempted to chaunge it agayne vntill the tyme that one Valentinus a rebell Valentia in the dayes of Valentinianus and Valens endeuored to reygne there In supplemento Eusebij lib 28. and therevppon as Ierome sayth procured it to be called Valentia The lyke also dyd Theodosius in the remembraunce of the two aforesayde Emperours as Marcellinus saith but as neyther of these tooke anye holde among the common sort so it retayned stil the name of Britaine vntill the reygne of Echert who about the 800. yeare of grace gaue forth an especiall Edict dated at Wynchester that it shoulde be called Angles land or Angellandt AngellaÌ„dt or Angles land for which in our time we doe pronounce it England And this is all right Honourable that I haue to say touching the seuerall names of this Islande vtterly mislyking in the meane season their deuises which make Hengist the only parent of the later denomination wheras Echert bicause his auncestours descended from the Angles one of the seauen Nations that came wyth the Saxons into Britayne for they were not all of one but of diuers countries as Angles Saxons Germaynes Only Saxons arriued here at the first with Hengist Switchers Norwegiens c. and all comprehended vnder y e name of Saxons bicause of Hengist the Saxon his coÌ„pany that first aryued here before any of the other and therto hauing now the monarchie prehemineÌ„ce in
a little diminished by mixture of the Latine Saxon speaches howbeit many poesies and writings in making whereof that nation hath euermore excelled are yet extant in my time whereby some difference betwéene the auncieÌ„t present language may easily be discerned notwithstanding that amoÌ„g all these there is nothing to be founde which can set downe any sounde testimonie of their owne originall in remembraunce whereof their Bardes cunning men haue bene most slacke and negligent It is a speache in mine opinioÌ„ much sauouring of that which was sometime vsed in Grecia and learned by the reliques of the Troyanes whylest they were captiue there but how soeuer the matter standeth after it came once ouer into this Islande sure it is that it could neuer be extinguished for all the atteÌ„pts that the Romains Saxons Normans and Englishmen coulde make against that nation in any maner of wyse The Briâ—…ons deliâ—…ent in peâ—…grées Petigrées genealogies also the Welche Brytons haue plentie in their owne tongue insomuch that many of them can readily deriue the same eyther from Brute or some of his bande euen vnto Aeneas and other of the Troyanes and so forth vnto Noah without any maner of stoppe but as I know not what credite is to be giuen vnto them in this behalfe so I dare not absolutely impugne their assertions sith that in times past all nations learning it no dout of the Hebrues did very solemnely preserue the Cataloges of their discent thereby eyther to shew themselues of auncient and noble race or else to be discended from some one of the goddes â—…atine Next vnto the Brittishe speache the latine tongue was brought in by the Romaines whereof I will not say much bycause there are few which be not skilfull in y e same Howbeit as the speache it selfe is easie and delectable so hath it peruerted the names of the auncient ryuers regions and cities of Britayne in such wyse that in these our dayes their olde Brittish denominations are quite growen out of memorie and those of the new latine left as most incertayne This remayneth also vnto my tyme borowed from the Romaynes that all our déedes euidences charters and writinges of recorde are set downe in the latine tongue and therevnto the copies and courtrolles and processes of courtes and leetes registred in the same The Saâ—…on tong The thirde language apparauntly knowen is the Scythian or highe Dutche brought in at the first by the Saxons an hard and rough kinde of speach god wotte when our nation was brought first into acquaintance withall but now chaunged with vs into a farre more fine and easie kind of vtteraunce and so polished and helped with new and milder wordes that it is to be aduouched howe there is no one speache vnder the sonne spoken in our time that hath or can haue more varietie of words copie of phrases or figures or floures of eloquence theÌ„ hath our Englishe tongue although some haue affirmed vs rather to barke as dogs then talke like men because the most of our wordes as they doe in déede incline vnto one syllable After the Saxon tongue came the NormaÌ„ or Frenche language The FreÌ„che tong ouer into our countrey and therein were our lawes written for a loÌ„g tyme our children also were by an especiall decrée taught first to speake the same and all to exile the Englishe and Brittishe speaches out of the couÌ„try but in vaine for in the time of king Edwarde the first and towarde the latter ende of his reigne the Frenche it selfe ceased to be spoken generally and then beganne the Englishe to recouer and growe in more estimation then before notwithstaÌ„ding that amoÌ„g our artificers y e most part of their implements tooles reteine stil their French denominatioÌ„s to these our daies as the language it self is vsed likewise in suÌ„dry courts bookes and matters of law wherof here is no place to make any farder rehearsall Afterward also by the diligent trauelle of Geffray Chauser and Iohn Gowre in the time of Richard the second after theÌ„ of Iohn ScogaÌ„ Iohn Lydgate monke of Berry our tong was brought to an excellent passe notwithstanding that it neuer came vnto the typpe of perfection vntill the time of Quéene Elizabeth wherein many excellent writers haue fully accomplished the ornature of the same to their great prayse and immortall commeÌ„dation But as this excellencie of the English tongue is founde in one and the south part of this Islande so in Wales the greatest noÌ„ber as I sayde retayne still their owne auncient language that of the North part of the sayd countrey being lesse corrupted then the other and therefore reputed for the better in their owne estimation and iudgement The Cornish and Deuonshire men The Cornish toÌ„gue haue a speach in like sorte of their owne and such as hath in déede more affinity with the Armoricane tongue then I can well discusse of yet in mine opinioÌ„ they are both but a corrupted kinde of Brittish albeit so farre degenerating in these dayes that if eyther of them do méete wyth a Welch man they are not able at the first to vnderstand one another except here and therein some odde wordes without the helpe of interpretours And no marueile in mine opinion that the Brittish of Cornewall is thus corrupted sith the Welch tong that is spoken in the north and south part of Wales doth differ so much in it selfe as the English vsed in Scotlande doth from that which is spoken among vs here in this side of the Islande as I haue saide already Scottishe english The Scottish englishe is much broader and lesse pleasaunt in vtterance then ours because that nation hath not hitherto indeuoured to bring the same to any perfit order and yet it is such in maner as Englishmen themselues doe speake for the most part beyonde the Trent whether the aforesayde amendement of our language hath not as yet very much extended it selfe Thus we sée how that vnder the dominion of the kinge of Englande and in the south partes of the realme we haue thrée seuerall tongues that is to say English Bryttish Cornish and euen so many are in Scotland if you accompt the Englishe speach for one notwithstanding that for bredth and quantitie of the Region it be somewhat lesse to sée to then the other For in the North part of the Region The wilde Scottes where the wilde Scottes otherwyse called the Redshankes or Rough footed Scottes bycause they go bare footed clad in mantels ouer their saffron shirtes after the Irishe maner doe inhabite RedshaÌ„ks Rough footed Scots they speake good Irishe Irish speche whereby they shew their originall to haue in times past bene fetched out of Irelande In the Isles of the Orcades or Orkeney as they now call them and such coastes of Britaine as doe abutte vpon the same the Gottish or Dainsh speach is altogither in vse by reason as I take it that the
seuerall péeces whereof are coÌ„monlye so great and massye and the quanty therof so abundantly seruing all the housholde that if Midas were nowe liuing and once againe put to his choise I thinke hée coulde aske no more or rather not halfe so much as is there to be seene and vsed But I passe ouer to make such néedelesse discourses resoluing my selfe that euen in this also the excéeding mercy and louing kindenesse of God doth woonderfullye appeare towardes vs in that he hath so largely indued vs with these his so ample benefites In some great Princes Courtes it is a worlde to sée what lewde behauiour is vsed among dyuers of those that resorte vnto the same what whoredoÌ„e swearing rybaldry atheisme dicing carding carowsing drunkennesse Glotony quareling and such lyke inconueniences doe daily take holde and sometimes euen among those in whose estates such behauiour is least conuenient all which inormities are eyther vtterly expelled out of the Court of Englande or else so quallified by the diligent endeuour of the chiefe officers of hir graces housholde that seldome are any of these thinges apparantly séene there with out due reprehension such seuere correction as belongeth to those trespasses Finally to auoyde ydlenesse and preuent sundrye transgressions otherwise likelye to be commytted and done such order is taken that euerye offyce hath eyther a Byble or the bookes of the Actes and monumentes of the Church of Englande or both beside some hystoryes and Chronicles lying therin for the exercise of such as come into the same whereby the straunger that entereth into the Court of Englande vpon the sodeine shall rather imagine himselfe to come into some publicke schoole of y e vniuersities where many giue eare to one that readeth vnto theÌ„ then into a Princes Pallace if you conferre this with those of other nations Would to god al honorable personages woulde take example of hir Graces Godly dealing in this behalfe and shewe their conformitie vnto these hir so good beginninges which if they woulde then shoulde manye grieuous enormities where with GOD is highelye displeased be cut of and restreined which nowe doe reigne excéedingly in most Noble and Gentlemens houses wherof they sée no paterne within hir Graces gates The firme peace also that is mainteyned within a certaine compasse of the Princes Pallace is such as is nothing inferiour to that we sée daily practized in the best gouerned holds fortresses And such is the seuere punishment of those that strike wythin the limites prohibited that without all hope of mercy benefite of clergie or sanctuary they are sure to loose their ryght handes at a stroke and that in very solemne maner the fourme whereof I will set downe and then make an ende of this Chapter to deale with other matters At such time therefore as the party transgressing is conuicted by a sufficent enquest impanelled for the same purpose and the tyme come of th execution of the sentence the Sergeaunt of the kings woodyarde prouydeth a square blocke which he bringeth to some appointed place therwith al a great béetle staple and cordes wherwith to fasten the hande of the offendor vnto the sayde blocke vntill the whole circumstance of his execution be perfourmed The Yoman of the Scullary lykewyse for the tyme beyng doth prouide a great fire of coales harde by the blocke wherein the searing yrons are to be made readie against the chiefe Surgeon to the Prince or his Deputie shall occupie the same Vpon him also â—…oth the sergeaunt or chief farrour attend with those yrons whose office is to deliuer them to the sayd SurgeoÌ„ when he shal be readie by searing to vse the same The grome of the Salary for the time beyng or hys Deputie is furthermore appointed to be readie with vineger and colde water and not to depart from the place vntill the ariâ—…e of the offender be â—…ounde vp fully dressed And as these thinges are thus prouided so y e Sergeaunt Surgeon is bound from time to time to be readie to execute his charge and seare the stump when the hande is taken from it The sergeaunt of the sellar is at hande also with a cup of red wine and likewyse the chiefe officer of the pantry with Manchet bread to giue vnto the sayde partie after the execution done and the stomp seared as the sergeaunt of the Ewery is with clothes wherein to winde and wrap vp the the arme the yoman of the pultrie with a cocke to lay vnto it the yoman of the ChauÌ„drie with seared clothes and finally the maister cooke or his Deputie with a sharpe dressing knyfe which he delyuereth at the place of execution to the Sargeaunt of the Larder who doth holde it vpright in hys hande vntill th execution be performed by the publicke Officer appointed therevnto And this is the maner of punishment ordayned for those that stryke within the Princes pallace or limites of the same The lyke priuilege is almost giuen to churches and churchyardes although in maner of punishment great difference doe appeare For he that bralleth or quarrelleth in eyther of them is by and by suspended ab ingressu ecclesiae vntil he be absolued as he is also that striketh wyth y e fist or layeth violent handes vpon any whome so euer But yf he happen to smite wyth staffe dagger or any maner of weapon and the same be sufficiently founde by the Verdict of twelue men at his arrainement beside excommunication he is sure to lose one of hys eares wythout all hope of recouerye But if he be such a one as hath béene twyse condemned and executed whereby he hath now none eares then is he marked with an hote yron vpon the chéeke by the letter F which is seared into his flesh he is froÌ„ thencefoorth noted as a common barratour fray maker and thereunto remayneth excommunicate till by repentaunce he deserue to be absolued Of the maner of Buylding and furniture of our houses Cap. 10. THe greatest parte of our buylding in the cities and good townes of Englande consisteth onely of timber for as yet fewe of the houses of the comminalty except here there in the west country townes are made of stone although they may in my opinion in diuers other places be builded so good cheape of the one as of the other In olde tyme the houses of the Brytons were slitely set vppe with a few postes and many radles the like whereof almost is to be séene in the fenny countries vnto this day where for lacke of wood they are inforced to continue this auncient maner of buylding It is not in vayne therefore in speaking of buylding to make a distinction betweene the playne and wooddye countrie for as in these our houses are commonly strong wel timbered so that in many places there are not aboue 6. or nine ynches betwéene studde and studde so in the open champaine soyles they are inforced for want of stuffe to vse no studdes at all but only
calumniam de materia aliqua tangente forestam eantque ad triplex IudiciuÌ„ quod Angli Ofgangfordell dicunt â—â—gangâ—â—â—ell â—â—â—gatio â—…s triâ—â—â— ordaâ—â—â— Ita autem acquiratur illud triplex Iudicium Accipiat secum quinque sit ipse sextus sic iurando acquirat triplex Iudicium aut triplex iuramentum Sed purgatio ignis nullatenus admittatur nisi vbi nuda veritas nequit aliter inuestigari â—â—gen 12. Liberalis autem homo 1. Pegen modo crimen suum non sit inter mariora habeat fidelem hominem qui possit pro eo iurare iuramentum â—â—â—athe 1. Forathe si autem non habet ipsemet iuret nec pardonetur ei aliquod iuramentum 13. Si aduena vel peregrinus qui de longinquo venerit sit calumpniatus de foresta talis est sua inopia vt noÌ„ possit habere plegium ad primam calumniam qualeÌ„ * nullus Anglus iudicare potest tunc subeat captionem regis ibi expectet quousque vadat ad iudicium ferri aque attamen si quis extraneo aut peregrino de longe venienti * _____ sibi ipsi nocet si aliquod iudiciuÌ„ iudicauerint 14. Quicunque coram primarios homines meos forestae in falso testimonio steterit victus fuerit non sit dignus imposteruÌ„ stare aut portare testimoniuÌ„ quia legalitateÌ„ suam perdidit pro culpa soluat regi decem solidos quos Dani vocant Halfebange alins halshang Halshang 15. Si quis vim aliquaÌ„ primarijs foreste meae intulerit si liberalis sit amittat libertatem omnia sua si villanus abscindatur dextra 16. Si alteruter iterum peâ—…cauerit reus sit mortis 17. Si quis coÌ„tra auteÌ„ cuÌ„ primario pugnauerit in plito emendet secunduÌ„ praecium sui ipsius quod Angli Pere pite dicunt Pere and Pite soluat primario quadraginta solidos 18. Si pacem quis fregerit ante mediocres forestae quod dicunt Gethbreche emendet regi decem solidis Gethbrech 19. Si quis mediocrium aliquem cum ira percusserit emendetur prout interfectio ferae regalis mihi emendari solet 20. Si quis delinquens in foresta nostra capietur poenas luet secunduÌ„ modum genus delicti 21. Pena forisfactio non vna eademque erit liberalis quem Dani Elderman vocant illiberalis domini seru noti ignoti EaldermaÌ„ nec vna eademque erit causarum tum ciuilium tum criminaliuÌ„ feraruÌ„ forestae ferarumregalium Viridis veneris tractatio naÌ„ crimen veneris ab antiquo inter maiora non inmerito numerabatur viridis vero fractione chaceae nostre regalis excepta ita pusillum exiguum est quod vix ea respicit nostra constitutio qui in hoc tamen deliquerit fit criminis forestae reus 22. Si liber aliquis feram forestae fugerit siue casu siue praehabita voluntate ita vt cursu celeri cogatur fera anhelare decem solidis regi emendet si illiberalis dupliciter emendet si seruus careat corio 23. Si vero horum aliquot interfecerit soluat dupliciter persoluat sitque praecij sui reus contra regem 24. Sed si regalem feraÌ„ quam Angli à staggon appellant alteruter coegerit anhelare Staggon alter per vnum annum alter per duos careat libertate naturali si vero seruus pro vtlegato habeatur quem Angli Frendlesman vocant Frendlesman 25. Si vero occiderit amittat liber scutum libertatis si sit illiberalis careat libertate si seruus vita 26. Episcopi Abbates Barones mei non calumnibuntur pro venatione si non regales feras occiderint si regales restabunt rei regi pro libito suo sine certa emendatione 27. Sunt aliae praeter feras forestae bestiae que dum inter saepta saepes forestae continentur emendationi subiacent quales sunt capreoli lepores cuniculi Sunt alia quam plurima animalia quae quanquaÌ„ infra sepâ—…a forestae viuunt oneri curae mediocrium subiaceÌ„t foreste tamen nequaquaÌ„ ceâ—…iseri possunt qualia sunt equi Bubali olim in Anglia Bubali vaccae similia Vulpes Lupi nec forestae nec veneris habentur proinde eorum interfectio nulli emendationi subiacet Si tamen infra limites occiduntur fractio sit regalis chaceae mitius emendetur Aper vero quanquam foreste sit nullatenus tamen animal veneris haberi est assuetus 28. Bosco nec Subbosco nostro sine licentia primariorum forestae nemo manum apponat quod si quis fecerit reus sit fractionis regalis chaceae 29. Si quis vero Ilicem aut arborem aliquam qui victum feris suppeditat sciderit praeter fractionem regalis chaceae emendet regi viginti solidis 30. Volo vt omnis liber homo pro libito suo habeat venerem siue viridem in planis suis super terras suas sine chacea tamen Et deuitent omnes meam vbicunque eam habere voluero 31. Nullus mediocris habebit nec custodiet canes quos Angli Griehunds appellant GreyhuÌ„ds Liberali vero dum genuiscissio eorum facta fuerit eoram primario forestae licebit aut sine genuiscissione dum remoti sunt à limitibus forestae per decem milliaria quando vero proprius venerint emendet quodlibet miliare vno solido Si vero infra septa forestae reperiatur dominus canis forisfaciet canem decem solidos regi Velter LangeraÌ„ 32. Velteres vero quos Langeran appellant quia manifeste constat in ijs nihil esse periculi cuilibet licebit sine gemiscissione eos custodire Ramhundt Idem de canibus quos Rambundt vocant 33. Quod si casu inauspicato huiusmodi canes rabidi fiant vbique vagantur negligentia dominorum redduntur illiciti emeÌ„detur regi pro illicitis c. Quod si intra septa forestae reperiantur talis exquiratur herus emendet secundum precium hominis mediocris quod secunduÌ„ legem merimorum est ducentorum sollidorum 34. Si Canis rabidus momorderit feraÌ„ tunc emendet secundum precium hominis liberalis quod est duodecies solidis centuÌ„ Si vero fera regalis morsa fuerit reus sit maximi criminis And these are the constitutions of Canutus concerning the forrest very barbarously traÌ„slated by those that tooke the same in hande Howbeit as I finde it so I set it downe with out any alteration of my copie in any iote or tytle Of Wooddes and marrises Cap. 16. Great abundance of wood sometime in England IT shoulde séeme by auncient recordes and the testimony of sundrie authors that the whole countries of Lhoegres and Cambria now England and Wales haue sometimes béen very well replenished with great woods and
the Silures Brygantes and Nouantes so farre northward that he maketh thē inhabitants of those Countreys which the Scottes haue now in possession and were euen then inhabited as he affyrmeth partly by the Scottes and partly by the Pictes as in the Scottish Hystorie ye may see more at large so y t what notable feate soeuer was atchiued by the olde Britains against the Romains the same by him is ascribed vnto Scottes and Pictes throughout his whole Hystorie whereas in verie truth for somuch as may bee gathered by coniecture and presumption of that whiche is left in wryting by auncient Authours the Brygantes inhabited Yorkshyre the Silures Wales the Marches and the Nouātes in the countrey of Cumberland But forsomuch as he hath diligently gathered in what maner the warres were mainteyned by those people agaynst the Romains and what valiant exploytes were taken in hande and furnished through their stoutnesse and valiancie ye may there reade the same A note to be considered in the reading of Hect. Boetius and iudge at your pleasure what people they were whome hee so muche prayseth aduertising you hereof by the way that as we haue before expressed none of the Romain wryters mencioneth anye thing of the Scottes nor once nameth them tyll the Romaine Empyre beganne to decaye aboute the tyme of the Emperour Constantius the father of Constantine the great so that if they had beene in thys I le then so famous both in peace and warre as they are reported by the same Boetius maruayle might it seeme that the Romaine wryters woulde so passe them ouer with silence Cor. Tac. li. Annal. 15. After the death of Claudius the Emperour of Rome Claudius Domitianus Nero succeeded him in gouernment of the Empyre In the .vij. yeare of whose raigne which was after the incarnation .53 the Romaines receyued a great ouerthrow in Brytain where neither the lieutenāt A. Didius Gallus whō in this place Cornelius Tacitus calleth Auitus coulde during the tyme of his rule do no more but holde that which was alreadie gotten beside the building of certain Castelles as before yee haue heard neyther hys successor Verannius beating and forreying the Woods could atchieue any further enterprice for he was by death preuēted so as he could not proceed forward with his purpose touching y e warres which hee had ment to haue followed whose last wordes in his testament expressed detected him of manifest ambition for adding many things by way of flatterie to content Nerues minde he wished to haue liued but two yeres longer in which spare he might haue subdued prouinces vnto hys dominion meaning thereby the whole I le of Brytaine This Suetonius therefore wishing to tame such of the Brytains as kept out Anglesey inuaded prepareth to assaile the I le of Anglesey a country full of Inhabitants and a place of refuge for al outlawes and rebels He builded certaine Brigantines with flat kiles to serue for the ebbes shallowe shelues here there lying vncertainly in the straits which he had to passe The footmen feried ouer in those vessels the horsmen folowing by the fourds swimming when they came into the deepe got likewise to the shore where stood in order of battel an huge number of armed men close togither redy to beate back the Romains to stay thē frō comming to land Amongst the men A strange maner of women a nūber of women were also running vp and down as they had bin out of their wits in garments like to wild rogues with their beare hanging downe about their shoulders and bearing firebrands in their handes There was also a company of their priests or philosophers called Druides The Druides who with stretched forth handes towards heauen thundred out cursings against the Romains in most bitter wise The soldiers were so amased with the strāgenesse of this sight that as men benummed of their limmes and senses they suffred themselues to be wounded and slain like senselesse creatures til by the calling vpon of their general ech one encouraging other in no wise to feare a sort of mad distract women they preassed forward vnder theyr ensignes bearing downe suche as stoode in theyr way with their owne fire smouldred and burnt them to ashes To conclude Anglesey won by the Romains the Romain lieutenāt got possessiō of the whole I le wherin he placed garisons of mē of war to kepe the people there in subiectiō He also caused their woods to be cut downe that were consecrated to theyr Goddes Woods cut downe within the which they were accustomed to sacrifice suche as they tooke prisoners and by the view of theyr intrayles in dismembring them to learne of theyr Goddes some Oracles and such other things as should come to passe But now in the meane tyme whilest Paulinus was abrode about this enterprise the Brytains began to conferre togither of their great and importable miseries of their grieuous state of seruitude of their iniuries and wrongs whiche they dayly susteyned how that by suffrance they profited nothing but still were oppressed with more heauy burdens eche cuntrie in times past had only one king to rule them now had they two the lieutenant by his captains and souldiers Lieutenant Procurator spilling their blouds and the Procurator or receyuer as we may call him bereauing them of their goods and substance The concord or discord betwixt those that were appoynted to rule ouer them was all alike hurtful vnto the subiects the lieutenaunt oppressing them by his captains men of warre and the procurator or receyuer by force reprochfull demeanor polling them by insupportable exactions There was nothing free from the couetous extortion filthie concupiscence of those vnfaciable persons for in these dayes say they the greatest spoiler is the valiantest man most cōmonly our houses are robbed rāsacked by a sort of cowardly raskals that haue no knowledge of any warlike feates at all Our children are taken from vs we are forced to go to the musters are set forth to serue in forraine parties as those that are ignorant which way to spend our liues in the quarell of our owne countrey What a number of soldiers haue bene transported ouer from hence to serue in other landes if a iust account were taken therof The Germaines by manhood haue cast sayd they from their shoulders the heauy yoke of bondage and are not defended as we are with the main Ocean sea but onely with a riuer Where the Brytaines haue their countrey their wiues parents as iust causes of warre to fight for the Romains haue none at all but a couetous desire to gayne by rapine and to satisfie their excessiue lustes They might easily be compelled to depart the cuntry as Iulius Cesar was if the Brytains would shew some proofe of the noble prowes that was euidently found in their worthie auncesters and not to shrinke or quaile in courage for the misaduenture that should happily chance
he had thus vanquished his enimyes Henric. Hut whiche as some write were come as farre as Stanfourde and vsed at that tyme to fight wyth long Dartes and Speares whereas the Saxons fought onelye wyth long swordes and Axes There bee that haue written howe the Saxons were not sent for but came by chaunce into the I le Calf Mon. and the occasion to be this There was an auncient custome amongst the English Saxons a people in Germanie as was also at the first among other Nations that when the multitude of them was so increased that the Countrey was not able to sustayne and finde them by commaundement of their Princes they shoulde choose out by lottes a number of yong and able personages fitte for the warres which should go forth to seeke them newe habitations and so it chaunced to these that they came into great Britaine and promised to serue the king for wages in his warres But by what meane soeuer they came hither truth is that Hengistus being a man of great wit rare policie and high wisdome was their Captaine Hengist purposeth at the first to conquere the Brytaynes who vnderstanding this Kings minde which now wholy trusted to the valiancie of the Saxons and herewith perceiuing the fruitfulnesse of the Countrey streight wayes began to consider with himselfe by what wyles and craft he might by little and little settle here and obteine a kingdome in the I le and to establish the same to him and to his for euer Therefore first he indeuoured with all speede possible to fence that part of the Countrey which was giuen to him and his people Polidor and to enlarge and furnish it with garisons appointed in places most conuenient After this he did what he could to perswade the king that a great power of men might be brought ouer out of Germanie that y e land being fortified with such a strength the enimies might be put in feare and his subiects holden in rest The King not foreseeing the happe that was to come did not despise this counsell contriued to the destruction of his Kingdome and so was more ayde sent for into Germanie wherevpon now at this seconde tyme there arriued here VVil. Mal â–ª 13. â—…oyâ—… plaâ—…es saye the Scottish wryters and M. men in 〈◊〉 same The Saxons call these Vâ—…sels Cooles Keeles and 〈◊〉 old hystoriâ—… Cogiâ—â— xvj vessels fraught with people and at the same time came the Ladie Rowen or Ronix daughter to Hengyst a Mayde of excellent beautie and comelynesse able to delite the eyes of them that shoulde behold hir and specially to win the heart of Vortigerne with the dart of concupiscence whervnto he was of nature much inclyned and that did Hengest well perceyue There came ouer into thys lande at that tyme and soone after three manner of people of the Germaine Nation as Saxons Vita or Iutes â—…e Vitae or â—…e are called â—…ri â—…lex Now. and Angles ouer the whiche the sayde Hengist and Hors beeing brethren were Captaines and rulers men of right noble parentage in theyr Countrey as discended of that auncient Prince Wâ—…den of whom the English Saxon kings doe for the more part fetche theyr pedegree as lineally descended from him vnto a whom also the English people falsely reputing him for a God consecrated the fourth day of the weeke as they did the sixth to his wyfe frâ—…e so that the some dayes tooke more of them the one beeing called Wodensday â—…ednesday â—…d Fryday hereof they â—…me and the other Fâ—…readay which wordes after in continuance of time by corruption of speech were somewhat altred though not much as from Wodensday to Wednesday and from Freaday to Fryday â—…da The foresayde Woden was father to Vecta father to Wetgislus that was father to the foresayd Hengistus and Horsus But nowe to rehearse further touching those three people whiche at this time came ouer into Brytayne oute of Germanie of the Vites or Iutes as Beda recordeth are the Kentishmen discended and the people of the I le of Wlight with those also that inhabite ouer agaynste the same I le Of the Saxons came the East Saxons the South Saxons and West Saxons Moreouer of the Angles proceeded the East Angles the middle Angles or Mercies and the Northren men That these Angles were a people of Germanie Cor. Tacitus it appeareth also by Cornelius Tacitus who calling them Anglij which worde is of three sillables as Polidore sayth But some wryte it Angli with two sillables And that these Angli or Angliâ—… were of no small force and authoritie in Germanie before their comming into this lande may appeare in that they are numbred amongest the twelue nations there whiche had lawes and auncient ordinaunces a part by them selues according to the whiche the state of theyr common wealth was gouerned they beeing the same and one people with the Thoringers as in the tytle of the olde Thuringers lawes wee finde recorded whiche is thus Lex Angliorum VVerinorum hoc est Thuringorum The law of the Angles and VVerinians that is to witte the Thuringers whiche Thuringers are a people in Saxonie as in the description of that Countrey it may appeare is this Polidor But nowe to the matter Hengist perceyuing that his people were highly in Vortigernes fauour beganne to handle him craftily deuysing by what meanes hee mighte bring him im loue with his daughter Ronix Rowen or Ronowen Hengistes daughter or Rowen or Ronowen as some write which he beleeued wel would easily be brought to passe bycause he vnderstoode that the King was much giuen to sensuall lust VVil. Malm. which is the thing that often blindeth wise mens vnderstanding and maketh them to dote and to loss theyr perfite wittes yea and oftentymes bringeth them to destruction though by suche pleasant poyson as they feele no better taste tyll they be brought to the extreeme poynt of confusion in deede A greate Supper therefore was prepared by Hengist at the whiche pleased the King to be present Hengist appoynted his daughter when euerie man beganne to bee somewhat â—…erâ—…ie wyth winke Gal. Mon. to bring in a Cuppe of Golde full of good and pleasant wine and to present it to the King saying VVassail Which shee did in such comely and decent maner as she that knewe howe to doe it well ynough so as the King marueyled greatlye thereat and not vnderstanding what shee ment by that salutation Wassail what it signifieth demaunded what it signified To whom it was aunswered by Hingist that the wished him well and the meaning of it was that he should drinke after hir ioyning thervnto this answere drinke haile Wherevpon the king as he was enformed tooke the cuppe at the Damsels hand and dranke Finally this yong Ladie behaued hirselfe with such pleasant wordes comely countenaunce and amiable grace that the king behelde hir so long till he felt himselfe so farre in loue with hir person that he burned in
purpose indeede was not to haue poysoned the King but onely the yong Gentleman the which drinking after the King died also the poyson was so strong and vehement A 〈◊〉 of the kings of the West Saxons agaynst their wiues For hir heynous cryme it is sayde that the Kings of West Saxons woulde not suffer their wyues to be called Queenes nor permitte them to sit with them in open places where their Maiestie shoulde bee shewed of manye yeares after Ethelburga fearing punishment fledde into Fraunce with greate ryches and treasure and was wel cherished in the Court of King Charles at the first but after she was thrust into an Abbey and demeaned hirself so lewdly there The ende of Ethelburga Simon Dan. in keeping companie with one of hir owne Countrey men that shee was banished the house and after died in great miserie Egbert king of Mercia departing this lyfe after he had raigned foure Monethes VVil. Mal. Kenulf ordeyned his cousin Kenulfe to succeede in his place which Kenulfe was come of the lyne of Penda king of Mercia as rightly decended from hys brother Kenwalke This Kenulfe for his noble courage wisedome and vpryght dealing was worthie to be coÌ„pared with the best Princes that haue raigned His vertues passed hys fame nothing hee dyd that enuye coulde with iuste cause reproue At home hee shewed hymselfe godlye and â—â—ligious in warre hee became victorious The Archbishops sea restored to Canterburie hee restored the Archbishoppes Sea agayne to Canterburie wherein hys humblenesse was to be praysed that made no accounte of any worldly honour in hys Prouince so that the order of the auncient Canons might be obserued Hee had warres left him as it were by succession from his Predecessour Offa agaynste them of Kent and therevppon entering that Countrey wyth a mightie armie wasted and spoyled the same and encountering in battayle wyth King Edbert or Ethelbert otherwise called also Preâ—… The king of Kent takeâ—… prisoner ouerthrewe his armie and tooke him prysoner in the fielde but afterwardes he released him to his great prayse and commendation For where as hee buylded a Churche at Winchcombe vpon the day of the dedication thereof hee ledde the Kentishe King as then hys prysoner vp to the highe Aulter and there sette him at libertye declaring thereby a greate proufe of hys good nature There was present at that sight Cuthred whoÌ„ he had made king of Kent in place of Ethelbert or Edbert with .xiij. Bishoppes and ten Dukes The noyse that was made of the people in reioysing at the kings bounteous liberalitie was merueylous For not only he thus restored y e Kentish King to libertie Kenulfes liberality-towards Churchmen which was not forgotten by them in their histories but also he bestowed greate rewards vpon all the Prelates and noble men that were come to the feast euery Priest had a peece of golde and euery monke a shilling Also hee gaue away great giftes amongst the people and founded in that place an Abbey endowing the same with great possessions Finally after he had raigned .24 yeares he departed this life and appoynted his buriall to be in y e same Abbey of Winchcome leauing behind him a son named Kenelme who succeeded his father in the Kingdome but was soone murthered by hys vnnaturall sister Quenbred the seuenteenth of Iuly as hereafter shall be shewed After that Alrike the last of K. Witchtredes sonnes which raigned in Kent successiuely after their father was dead the noble ofspring of the kings there sore decayed and begaÌ„ to fade away so y t euery one which eyther by flattering had gote riches togither or by seditious pertaking was had in estimation sought to haue the gouernmeÌ„t and to vsurp y e title of King abusing by vnworthy meanes the honor and dignitie of so high an office Amongst other Edbrigâ—â— one Edbert or Edelberte surnamed also Prenne gouerned the Kentishmen for the space of two yeres was in the ende vanquished by them of Mercia and taken prisoner as before is said so that for a time he liued in captiuitie although afterwardes he was set at libertie yet was he not receyued againe to the Kyngdome so that it is vncertaine what end he made Cuthred that was appointed by Kinevulfe y e K. of Mercia to raigne in place of the saide Edberte or Edelbert continued in the gouernement eyght yeres as king rather by name than by acte inheriting his predecessors euill happe and calamitie through factions and ciuill discord After that Iambrith or Lambert the Archbishop of Canterburie was departed this life Lambert one Edelred was ordeined in his place vnto whome the primacie was restored which in his predecessors time was taken away by Offa K. of Mercia as before is recited Also after y e deathe of Eubalde Archbishop of Yorke another of the same name called Eubald the second was admitted to succeede in that see After that Brightrike y e K. of West Saxons was departed this life messengers were sent with all speede into Fraunce to giue knowledge thereof vnto Egberte which as before is shewed was constreined by the saide Brightrike to departe the countrey At the first he withdrew vnto Offa K. of Mercia with whom hee remained for a tyme til at length through suite made by Brightrike he perceiued hee mighte not longer continue there withoute danger to be deliuered into his enimies hands and so Offa winking at the matter he departed out of his countrey and gote him ouer into Fraunce but being now aduertised of Brightrikes death and required by earnest letters sente from his friends to come and receiue the gouernment of the Kingdome he returned with al conuenient speede into his countrey and was receyued immediately for King Egbert receyued King of West Saxons His lignage by the generall consent of the West Saxons as well in respect of y e good hope which they had conceiued of his worthy qualities and aptnesse to haue gouernement as of his royall lignage beeing lineally discended from Inegild the brother of K. Inas as sonne to Alkemounde that was the sonne of one Eaffa which Eaffa was sonne to Ope the sonne of the foresayd Inegild THis Egbert began his raigne in the yeare of our Lord 8â—… Egbert 802. as Simon Dunel and M. W. hath 〈◊〉 but 801. as William Harrison 〈◊〉 it our of Mal. whiche was the fourth yeare almost ended after that the Emperour Eirine began the seconde time to rule the Empire and in the â—…4 yere of the raigne of Charles the great K. of France whiche also was in the same yere after he was made Emperour of the West and about the second yere of Conwall King of Scottes VVil. Mal. After that Cuthred K. of Kent had raigned .8 yeres as before is mentioned he was constreyned to giue place vnto one Baldred that tooke vppon him the gouernment and raigned the space of .18 yeres without any greate authoritie for his subiects regarded him but
yeare King Egelred created the traytor Edricus Earle of Mercia Edricke de Strâ—…onâ—… made Duke or Erle of Mercia This Edricus although hee had maryed the kings daughter Edgita was yet noted to be one of those which disclosed the secretes of the realme and the determinations of the Counsaile vnto the enimies But he was suche a craftie dissembler so greatly prouided of sleight to dissemble and cloke his falsehoode that the king beeing too muche abused by him had him in singular fauour where as hee vppon a malicious purpose studyed dayly howe to bring the Realme into vtter ruine and destruction aduertising the enimies from tyme to tyme howe the state of thinges stoode whereby they came to knowledge where they shoulde giue place VVil. Malm. and when they mighte safely come forwarde Moreouer beeing sent vnto them oftentymes as a Commissioner to treate of peace hee perswaded them to warre But suche was the pleasure of God to haue him and suche other of lyke sort aduaunced to honour in this season when by his diuine prouidence he ment to punishe the people of thys realme for theyr wickednesse and sinnes whereby they had iustly prouoked his wrathe and highe displeasure Hen. Hunt Simon Dun. An hundreth actes as an 〈◊〉 of lande 1008 Prouision for shippes and armour In the .xxx. yeare of King Egelreds raigne whiche fell in the yeare of oure Lorde .1008 hee looke order that of euery three hundred and tenne hydes of lande within this realme there shoulde one shippe be buylded and of euery .viij. hydes a complete armor furnished In the yeare following the Kinges whole fleete was brought togither at Sandwiche and suche souldiers came thither as were appoynted to goe to Sea in the same fleete There had not beene seene the lyke number of shippes so teimly rigged and furnished in all poyntes in anye Kinges dayes before But no greate profitable peece of seruice was wrought by them For the King hadde aboute that tyme banished a noble yong manne of Sussex called Wilnote Mat. VVest who getting togither twentie sayles laye vppon the coastes taking prises where he might gette them Brithericke the brother of Earle Edricke desirous to wynne honour tooke forth foure score of the sayde Shippes and promised to bring in the enimie deade or aliue But as hee was sayling forwarde on the Seas a sore tempest with an outragious winde rose with suche violence that his shippes were cast vppon the shore And Wilnote comming vpon them set them on fyre and so burned them euery one The residue of the ships â–ª when newes came to them of this mishap returned backe to London And then was the armie dispersed and so all the cost and trauaile of the English men proued in vaine After this in the Haruest time a newe armie of Danes vnder the conducte of three Captaynes Turkell Henning and Aulafe Danes land a Sandwich landed at Sandwiche 1009 Three thouâ—… pound hath Simon Dun. and from thence passed forth to Canterburie and had taken the citie but that the Citizens gaue them a thousande pounde to depart from thence and to leaue the Countrey in peace Then went the Danes to the I le of Wight Sussex and Hampshire spoyled and afterwardes landed and spoyled the Countrey of Sussex and Hamshire King Egelred assembled the whole power of all his subiectes and coâ—â—â—ing to giue them battaile had made an 〈◊〉 of their cruell â—…arâ—…ying the Countrey with the 〈◊〉 of them all if Earle Edrike with 〈…〉 to put him in 〈…〉 giuing 〈…〉 The Danes returne into Kent 〈…〉 Martyâ—… returned into Kent and lodged with theyr nauie in the Winter folowing in the Thames and oftentymes assaulting the Citie of LoÌ„don were still beaten backe to their losse 1010 After the feast of Christmasse they passed through the Countrey and Wooddes of Chilterne vnto Oxforde Oxford burnt whiche Towne they burned and then returning backe they fell to wasting of the Countrey on both sides the Thames But hearing that an armie was assembled at London to gyue them battaile that parte of theyr Hoste whiche kepte on the North syde of the Ryuer Stanes passed the fame Ryuer at Stanes and so ioyning wyth theyr fellowes marched forth through Southerie and comming backe to theyr Shippes in Kent fell in hande to repayre and amende theyr shippes that were in any wise decayed Gipswich in Suffolke Sim. Dunel Then after Easter the Danes sayling about the coast arryued at Gippeswiche in Suffolke on the day of the Ascention of our Lorde and inuading the Countrey gaue battayle at a place called Wigmere or Rigmere vnto Vikell or Vlfeketell leader of the English host in those parties the fifth of May. The men of Norffolke and Suffolke fledde at the fyrst onset gyuen But the Cambridgeshire men sticked to it valiantly wynning thereby perpetuall fame and commendation There was no mindefulnesse amongest them of running awaye so that a great number of the Nobilitie and other were beaten downe and slaine tyll at the length one Turketell Mireneheved Cepul formica that had a Dane to hys father fyrst beganne to take his flight and deserued thereby an euerlasting reproch The Danes obteyning the vpper hande for the space of three monethes togyther went vppe and downe the Countreys and wasted those parties of the Realme that is to say Norffolke and Suffolke with the borders of Lincolnshire Huntingtonshire and Cambridgeshire where the fennes are gayning exceeding ryches by the spoile of the great and wealthie Abbayes and Churches which had their situation within the compasse of the same Fennes They also destroyed Thetforde Thetforde Cambridge Hen. Hunt and burnt Cambridge and from thence passed through the pleasant mountain countrey of Bellesham cruelly murthering the people without respect to age degree or sexe After this they entred into Essex The Danes arriue in the Thames 1011 and so came backe to theyr ships whiche were then arriued in the Thames But they rested not any long time in quiet as people that mynded nothing but the destruction of this Realme So that shortly after they had somewhat refreshed them forwarde they set again into the Country passing through Buckinghamshire â–ª and so into Bedsordshire Northampton burnt by Danes And about S. Andrewes tide they turned toward Northampton and comming thither set fyre on that 〈◊〉 And then returning through the west country with fire and sword wasted and destroyed a great part thereof and namely Wilshire with other parties And finally aboute the feast of Christmasse they came againe to their shippes Thus had the Danes wasted and destroyed the most part of .xvj. or .xvij. How many shires the Danes wasted shires within this realm as Norff. Suff. Cambridgeshire Essex Middlesex Hartfortshire Oxfordshire BurkingbaÌ„shire and Bedfordshire with a part of Huntingdonsh and also a great portion of Northamptonshire This was done in the Countreys that lie on the northside the Riuer of Thames And on the southside of the same
In like sort by the testimony of sundry Authors both Irish and Spanish we affirme that out of Brigantium a citie of Spaine now named Compostella there came a new company of people into Ireland called Spaniardes out of IrelaÌ„d another crew of thesame nation with king Fergus into Albion and in remembraunce of the citie Brigance wherein they inhabited whilest they were in Spayne they called themselues Brygantes To this opinion in like sort Cornelius Tacitus doth seeme to leane who saith that the Brygantes descended from the Spaniardes whiche in his time dwelled in the vttermost partes of Brytaine including vnder y e name the whole Iland of Albion These regions afore rehersed that is to say Annandale Niddesdale and Galloway beside fine wolles and store of cattell doth also abounde with all kindes of grayne wheate onely excepted Aboue Galloway is Carrike sometime a portion of the region of the Silures of whose name it is not yet certainely knowne whether it was deriued from the famous citie Carricke whose ruines do yet remaine or not Silury is diuided into three parts videlicet Carrick Kyle Cunningham In the first as I sayd was Carrick the noble citie and in this countrey are many strong Castels bothe by naturall situation and pollicy of maÌ„ herein also are fayre kine and oxen whose flesh is delicate and very tender to be eaten the tallow moreouer of theyr wombes is so moyst sappy that it neuer waxeth harde but relenteth of the owne accorde and becoÌ„meth like vnto oyle Beyond Carrick is Kyle so called of Coile King of Brytaine somtime slaine in the sayd region Reade in the Latin Hector 12 foote highe 30. foote in length thre elles thicke and therein is a stone not much aboue xij miles from the towne of Air ful xxx foote high three elles of breadth called the deafe stone not without cause for when a man is on the one side thereof he shal not heare what is sayde or done on the other though there be neuer so great noyse made no not if a Canon should be discharged of set purpose which to me doth seeme impossible neuerthelesse the farder a man standeth from the same the better shall he heare what soeuer the noyse be Next vnto Kyle is CunninghaÌ„ the third part of Silurie whose inhabitaÌ„ts in time past were most noysome to y e Romaines In Kyle is a poole named Doune from whence the riuer Doune doth runne thorow the middest of that region into the Irishe sea In Cunningham likewise is a lake called Garnoth equall in quantitie vnto the Doune and no lesse famous for the abundance of fish that is dayly found therein and not farre from the same is the towne called Largis where Alexander the thirde King of Scotland of that name sometime ouercame the Danes and Norwegians whereby it grewe to be famous and of more reputation among vs. The situation of Renfrew Cliddisdall Lennox Lowmund Argile Louchquhaber Lorne and Kentyre with all the notable things contayned in the same Chap. 4. THe water of Clide deuideth Lennox on the Northside from the Barrony of Renfrew it riseth out of the same hill in Calidon wood from whence the Annand falleth and goeth with a long course into the Irish sea some cal this riuer Gluda Cluda but Tacitus nameth it Glota Not far also from the fountaines of Clide ariseth the water of Forth that runneth on the contrary side into the Germaine Ocean In like sorte after the water of Clude hath run for a season towarde the North it gathereth somwhat inward til it come to the mouÌ„taine of Granzeben from thence holdeth on with a swift course til it fall as I sayd into y e Irish seas The couÌ„trey where it ruÌ„neth is named Clidesdale Betwixt Clide Lennox lieth y e Barony of Renfrew wherin are two pooles named Quhinsouth Leboth of which the first is xij miles in compasse the other xx and both very riche plentifull of fish But in Lennox that lieth next aboue Renfrew toward the Ocean called by Ptolomy Lelgouia is a great mere or lake that hight Lochmond of 〈◊〉 miles in length â—…ight in breadth and within the Lhin or poole are â—…0 Ilandes wel replenished with Churches dwelling houses in the same also â—…re three things worthy consideration whereof the first is that the pleasant very delicate fishe there bredde doth want finnes The secoÌ„d is that the water will often swell with huge waues though no winde be sturring and that in such wise that the best Mariners in the countrey dare not aduenture to sayle thereon There is also a very fruiteful and commodious I le therein very necessary for the pasturage of cattel whiche fleetâ—…th hither and thither as the winde bloweth This lake is situate at the foote of the hill called Granzeben whiche were sometime the marches or limites betwixt the Scots Pictes are extended froÌ„ Lochlowmund to the mouth of Dee Certes the Pictes had no parte of the country beyond the Granzeben nor toward the Irish seas for this region was inhabited by the Scots Eight miles froÌ„ Lochlowmund is the castel of Dumbrittaine named sometime Alcluid and here the water of Leuen falleth into the Clide Beyond LochlowmuÌ„d is Argile an hilly couÌ„try and full of â—…ragges and mountaines therin also are two lakes Lochfine and Lochquho that diuide the region into three partes that in the middest beyng called Knapdale In Lochfine likewise is more plenty of herring than in any parte of the coast that compasseth the Iland but in Lochquho are suche kindes of fishe to be vsually had as are commonly bredde in fresh waters There are moreouer in Argile two castels Glenunquhart and Encouell and in it are 12. Iles whose chiefe commoditie resteth rather in pasturage for cattell than aboundance of grayne In Argile furthermore are many ritche mynes full of mettall but the people there haue no skill to find and trie out the same The constant report also goeth there how there is a stone of suche nature that if it be hiddeÌ„ in straw for a certaine season it will kindle of it selfe consume the straw to ashes There are seuen other lakes in Argile wherof some are thirty miles in length and breadth and other lesse It was told me once by Doncan Campbell a noble Knight that out of Garloll one of the pooles of Argile there came a terrible beast in the yeare of grace 1510. which was of the bignesse of a Greyhound and footed like a gander and issuing out of the water early in the mornyng about Midsomer time did very easily and without any visible force or streyning of himselfe ouerthrow huge okes with his tayle and therevnto killed three men out right that hunted him with three strokes of his sayd tayle the reste of them sauing themselues in trees there aboutes whylest the aforesayde Monster returned to the water Those that are giuen to the obseruations of rare and vncouth sightes beleeue
theÌ„ very oft escaped The violence that was done to any one of them was reputed coÌ„mon to al such was their deadly fude conceyued in these cases that vntil they had requited the like with more extremity they would neuer be quiet nor let go their displeasure The noblest most couragious Gentleman would soonest desire to be placed in the forewarde where his vassalage or seruice manhood should readiliest be seene â–ª and such was the friendship of the nobility amongst theÌ„selues that whylest they contended which of them should be most faithful frendly to other they would oft fal out quarel one w t another Somtimes it hapned y t their Captaine was beset w t extreme peril or peraduenture some other of the nobility in which cases they y t were of his â—…aÌ„d wold suddenly rush in thorow y e thickest of their enimies vnto him deliuer him or els 〈◊〉 they could not so do they would altogither lose their liues with him thinking it a perpetuall note of reproche to ouerliue their leader The graues sepulchres of our noblemen had commoÌ„ly so many Obeliskes spires pitched about them as the deceased had killed enimies before time in y e fielde if any souldier had ben found in the fielde without his flint tinder boxe or had walked or gone vp downe with his sworde at his side and not naked in his haÌ„d for then vsed they light armor for y e most part he was terribly scourged but he that solde or morgaged his weapon was forthwith cut froÌ„ his company banished as an exile he that fled or went froÌ„ the battayle without leaue of his Capitayne was slayne wheresoeuer he was mette afterward without any iudgement or sentence and all his goodes coÌ„fiscated to the Prince Their light armour in those dayes consisted of the launce the bow the long sword which hanged at the side of y e owner therto a buckler but afterward heauier armour came into generall vsage In these dayes also the womeÌ„ of our country were of no lesse courage than the men for al stout maydeÌ„s wiues if they were not with childe marched so wel into the field as did the men so soone as the army did set forward they slew the first liuing creature y t they fouÌ„d in whose bloud they not onely bathed their swordes but also tasted thereof with their moâ—…thes with no lesse religioÌ„ assurance conceyued than if they had already bene sure of some notable fortunate victory when they saw their owne bloud run froÌ„ them in the fight they wexed neuer a whit astonnied with the matter but rather doubling their courages with more egernesse they assailed their enimies This also is to be noted of theÌ„ that they neuer sought any victory by treason falshed or sleight as thinking it a great reproch to winne the fielde any otherwise than by mere manhood prowesse playne dealing When they went foorth vnto the warres eche one went with the King of his owne cost except the hyred soldier which custome is yet in vse If any were troubled with the falling Euyll or Lepre or fallen frantike or otherwise out of his wits they were diligeÌ„tly sought out least those diseases should passe further by infectuous generatioÌ„ vnto their issue posterity they gelded the meÌ„ But y e womeÌ„ were secluded into some odde place farre off from the coÌ„pany of men where if she afterward hapned to be gotten with childe both she the infant were runne thorow with a launce gluttons raueners droÌ„kardes egregious deuouters of victualles were punished also by death first being permitted to deuour so much as they listed theÌ„ drowned in one fresh riuer or other Furthermore as iustice in time of warre was coÌ„monly driueÌ„ to perke so in daies of peace our countreymen that offended were oft seuerely punished with inconuenient rigor For they wel considered that after their people should returne and come home againe from the warres they would be giueÌ„ to so many enormities that the same theyr excesse should hardly be rest layned but by extreeme seuerity suche also was theyr nature that so soone as they knew themselues guilty of any offence committed agaynst the estate or coÌ„mon wealth that first attempt was to set discord amongst the Pictes Princes of the realme neuerthelesse when they are gently intreated with commons moderation they are found to be very tâ—…actable pliant vnto reason in priuate bargaines contractes they are so willing to giue euery man his owne that they will yeelde the more And so farre is it growne into a some eueÌ„ in these our dayes that except there be some sâ—…plusage aboue the bare couenaunt they will breake of and not go forwarde with the bargayne They vsed at the first the rites and maners of the Egyptians froÌ„ whence they came in al their priuate affayres they vsed not to write with common letters as other nations did but rather with Cyphers and figures of creatures made in maner of letters as their Epitaphes vpon their tombes sepultures remayning amoÌ„gst vs do hitherto declare Neuerthelesse in our times this Hietoglyphical maner of writing I wote not by what meanes is perished lost and yet they haue certaine letters propre vnto theÌ„selues which were sometime in coÌ„mon vse but among such as retaine the auncient spech they haue their aspiratioÌ„s dipthoÌ„gs pronunciation better than any other The coÌ„mon sorte are not in vre withall but onely they which inhabite in the higher part of the couÌ„try sith they haue their language more eloquent and apt than others they are called Poetes they make also Poetes w t great solemnity honour being borne out therein by the authority of the Prince Beside y e skil also of many other artes sciences whose rules Methodes are turned into y e sayd language are giueÌ„ by tradition froÌ„ theyr elders they chiefly excel in Phisick wherin they go far beyond many other who learning of theÌ„ y e natures qualitie of such hearbes as grow in those quarters do heale al maner of diseases eueÌ„ by their only applicatioÌ„ Certes there is no regioÌ„ in y e whole world so barreÌ„ vnfruteful through distauÌ„ce froÌ„ the Sunne but by y e prouidence of God all maner of necessaries for the sustentatioÌ„ of mankind dwelling there are to be had therin if y e inhabitants were such as had any skil how to vse y e same in order Neuerthelesse our elders which dwelled continually vpoÌ„ the Marches of England learned y e Saxon toung through coÌ„tinuall trade of marchandize and hazard of the warres long since whereby it came to passe that we neglected our owne language and our owne maners and thereto bothe our auncient order in writing and speakyng is vtterly left among vs that inhabite neare vnto theÌ„ wheras contrary wise those that dwell in the mouÌ„taines reteyne still their auncient speach letters almost all
aunswered that the Scottes had done such trespasses being a people invred vnto such feates by nature and not the Bryttaines who were nothing guilty in that kind of matter thus would the Bryttans do in like sort when they had robbed the Scots so that with such iniurious dissimulation The Scottes and Pictes inuade the Bryttains aswel Scots as Picts being not a litle offended they entred soone after into the Bryttish confines robbing spoyling the same as their custome is Coilus entred into Scotland with an armie with al maner of crueltie When Coil of Bryttaine had notice of these doings he tooke grieuous indignation thereat thervpon determined to proue whether he might with open warres atchieue his purpose which he could not bring to pas by his former cloked practise And herwith assembling an army he entred into the Scottish borders lying towards the Irish seas wasting with fire sworde whatsoeuer he founde in his wayes till he came euen to the riuer of Dune where encampyng himselfe vpon the bankes therof he sent foorth companies of his Souldiers to destroy the countrey and to bryng in all suche prysoners as they should lay handes vpon But in the meane tyme Ferguse assembled a great power of Scottishmen and so soone as Ferguse heard of the approche of the Bryttons he caused all the people in the countrey to gette them with theyr goodes and cattayles vnto the Mountaines except suche as were able to beare armure whom he appoynted to attend vpon him to defende the countrey as occasion serued Wherof Coil hauing knowledge brought by an espiall he sent foorth about fiue thousand nimble men and such as had bene vsed to clyme craggie hilles to go before and winne the passages purposing the next day to follow himselfe with the whole army But the Scottishmen and Pictes being now assembled togither and certified hereof also by their spies they first fell in consultation what they were best to do in the ende agreed that the same night they shoulde sette vppon the Bryttishe camp Ferguse with his Scottishmen on the one side and the kyng of the Pictes on the other so that in the dead of the night the Scottish men killyng the watche were entered into the Brittishe campe ere Coil had knowledge of any such thing whereby it came to passe that whilest the Bryttaines awaked with the noyse drew vnto that parte where the Alarme rose to beate backe the Scottes the Pictes commyng ouer the riuer of Dune by a certayne blinde fourde assayled them on the backes to the great confusion of the whole armie by reason whereof the Bryttaines seyng none other remedie but to saue themselues by flight turned their backes and fled in whiche turmoyle they were troden downe and fell by heapes one vpon an other and were not able to helpe themselues nor yet to make shifte to auoyde the handes of their aduersaries Coil was slayne and his whole armie discomfited of whom as Hector Boetius sayeth their countrey of Coil tooke name In this businesse also Coil himselfe chaunced to be oppressed amongst the rest so that he was founde dead in the searche of such as were slayne after solemnly buried according to his estate in Troynouant leauing the kingdom vnto his sonne Sisellius who with his mother Mertia gouerned the same together by the space of many yeares Such Brytains also as escaped out of theyr enimies handes gote them togither in the nexte morning perceyuing what losse they had susteyned not only by the death of their Prince but also in the slaughter of a greate parte of theyr whole armie Peace concluded sent an Herault vnto the Scottes Pictes to require a peace which though the most part of the people were not in will to haue cōsented vnto yet perswaded in the end by their Princes they were contented to yeeld thereto so that a generall peace was concluded and speedily published betwixt them Immediatly herevpon the Pictes with theyr part of the spoile gotten at this iourney departed to their homes Ferguse returned into Argile where studying daily for the quiet aduancement of the Scottish cōmune wealth A parliament he called a parliament of his nobles first declaring to the assembly how much bound they were to the Gods for giuing them this victory ouer so puissant enimies as the Brytains were An exhortation vnto quietnesse and peace he exhorted them to liue in friendly concord amongst themselues and to abstaine frō violating the leagues now concluded aswell with the Brytains as before hand with the Pictes Also for the auoyding of enuious contention and for the better assurance of euery mans estate The lande is parted he iudged it necessary to haue a particion made of al the landes belongyng to the Scottish dominion For before they occupied the whole as in commune without knowyng to whom this peece or that did belong Whiche politike aduise of Ferguse the Scottish men praised most highly Obedient subiectes promising not onely to follow his counsayle herein in all that he shoulde wishe but also in all that he should otherwise commaunde Whervpon shortly after there were chosen by his aduise .vij. auncient personages men of good conscience great experience Men diuide the lande into portions which were apointed to be Surueyours of the whole countrey to deuide the same as neare as they coulde into a set number of equal portions but with this cōsideration that according as the fruitfulnesse or barraynnesse of the soyle required so they should enlarge or diminish the circuite of their bounds Whē they had vewed the countrey according to their commission seuered foorth the same into parts The gouernment is giuen vnto the nobles by lottes they returned into Argile where Ferguse then soiourned there in his presence the names of al his noble men that were reputed as Gouernours were put in lottes euery of them to haue such parte of the realme for his owne as shoulde fall to him by good lucke and present happe By this meanes eche of them being placed as his chaūce fell they inhabited their quarters with such people as they had the leading of so that afterwardes the countreys tooke theyr names of those the first Gouernours which names for the more parte being a little chaunged remayne amongst them euen vnto this day Ferguse hauing thus without occasion of enuie deuided his countrey amongst his nobles and subiects Statutes and lawes are made studied furthermore to deuise lawes for the mayntenaunce of commune quiet amongst them And therfore amongst other ordinances he made statutes against murder roberies burning of houses and specially against thefte He buylded also the castell of Berogoniū in Loughquhabre on the weste side of Albion Beregonium ouer against the westerne Isles where he appoynted a courte to be kept for the administration of iustice that both the Albion Scots A place apointed for iustice and also those of the same
there slaine in the place greatly to theyr fame and glorie for euer so that by this meanes the maine battaile of the Scottish men wherein Eugenius himselfe stoode amongst his people was left bare and naked on both the sydes Which Maximus perceyuing he caused the same to bee assayled on ech part with such violence that in the end longer resistaunce preuayled not The Scottish battaile is ouerthrowne but that their mayne battaile must néedes be opened perforce by meanes whereof Eugenius choosing rather to die in the place than eyther to saue his life by flight or by rendering himselfe into his enimies handes to liue in miserie â—…ugenius is â—…aine c. was there slaine togither with a great number of his nobles and gentlemen hauing determined by the example of their maister to die rather speedily with honour than longer to liue with shame and reproch Thus Eugenius lost his life with his kingdome in the thirde yeare after his first entring into the rule hauing enioyed few good dayes in rest during the sayde tyme. Such of the Scots also as were appoynted to kepe the cariage and trusse of the field seeing their Lordes and maisters thus slaine The furious â—…age of the Scottish Carâ—…ers rushed forth with such weapoÌ„s as they had at haÌ„d in purpose to slea some number of their enimies not passing though it should cost them also their owne liues so that they might die reuenged The slaughter was great whiche at the first was made more through an obstinate desire of reuenge than by any valiant actiuitie but this companie being anon broken in sunder and driuen backe they were finally slaine and beaten downe Moreouer the Romains that pursued in chase after their enimies when the battaile was done encountered with great numbers of such women and aged persons as followed a farre off to vnderstand the successe of the fielde doubting what happe might fall to their children and kinsfolkes whose slaughter when they perceyued like people enraged they flew vpon such Romaines as they met with but being easily vanquished and refusing to flee they were also slain and cut in peeces in a most miserable maner The Romaines hauing thus rid the fieldes of all kind of enimies lodged that night abrode here and there at their pleasure where they might hear the dolefull gronings and lamentable coÌ„plaints of them that lay wounded and as yet not deade cursing most bitterly the cruel tyrannie and couetous ambition of the Romans with that most detestable disloyaltie of the Picts procuring this murther and destruction of those people that had deserued farre otherwise at their handes When the morning was come Maximus the Lieutenaunt caused the spoyle of the deade bodyes to be gathered The spoyle deuided amongst the souldiers and equally deuided amongst his men of warre And such as were founde sore wounded and not dead to shewe some token of clemencie according to the olde accustomed maner of the auncient Romaines hee commaunded surgeons to see to the cure of them The other being deade he suffered to be buryed causing the corps of Eugenius hymselfe to bee enterred in most solemne and pompous sort The buriall of the dead bodies by appointment of Maximus after the vsage of the Romaine Princes His brother Ethodius beeing found mangled in moste pitifull wise and in manner halfe deade was also taken vp by commaundement of the same Maximus Ethodius sore wounded is committed to the cure of Surgeons and Surgeons charged to haue the ordering of hym and to shewe theyr diligence for the cure of his hurtes in most speedie and gentle wise The victorie thus atchieued Maximus surueyeth the Countreyes of Kyle Carricke and Conningham with that also of Calidone and seazeth the same into hys handes suffering the Inhabitauntes to enioye both goodes and landes in peace and quietnesse vppon theyr othes of allegeaunce wythoute anye further molestation Hiergust King of the Pictes with other the Nobles of that Nation Hiergust desireth the vtter destruction of the Scottes were nothing contented therewith desirous to see the vtter destruction of all the Scottishe race Wherevnto Maximus at the first would not agree alledging the ancient custom of the Romains who sought rather to vanquish by benefites than by the sword euer vsing to spare suche as submitted themselues and in no wise to spot their honour nor maiestie of their Empyre with crueltie But the Pictes not satisfied herewith The earnest sute of the Picts to haue the Scottishe men banished and expulled out of the Countrey went about earnestly to perswade him in no condition to suffer the Scottes to haue any abyding within the confines of Brytayne if hee wished anye quietnesse in the estate thereof for theyr delyght sayde the Pictes was onely set to seeke occasions howe to disturbe the peace to liue by the pyllage and spoyle of theyr neighbours and namely of the Pictes vnto whose confusion as the Prophecies spake they were begotten and borne Finally when all theyr earnest sute myssed the wished effect they fell to Where wordes faile gyftes preuaile and assayed if they might bring that to passe by wicked meede and through corrupting brybes whiche they coulde not do by other meanes And euen as it oftentymes chaunceth in suche cases where wordes are but spent in wast giftes yet preuayle The proclamation for the auoyding of all Scottishe men forth of the whole Iland of Brytaine so also came it to passe euen here for at length a Proclaymation came forth by procurement of the Picts that al such as were naturall Scottishe men shoulde by a certayne day auoyde oute of those Countreyes that they possessed in Brytayne vppon paine of losing life and goodes and to delyuer vp theyr houses and landes vnto suche Brytaynes and Pictes as were appoynted by the Romaines for to enioy the same The Scottes perceyuing themselues not able to make any resistaunce The Scottes plagued for their beastly crueltie obeyed thys commaundement some of them passing ouer into Ireland some into the westerne Iles and some of them got ouer also into Norway and Denmarke and manye there were that got intertaynment amongest the Romaine Souldiers and went ouer with them into Fraunce as yet called Gallia to serue in the warres there and in other places vnder y e Emperors ensignes The Pictes were so cruel and diligent to see all the Scottish linage confined that they would not consent that a certaine number of gentlewomen should remaine behinde The cruel dealing the Picts who had their husbandes slaine in the last warres and made intercession in moste lamentable wise vnto Maximus that they might bee permitted to abide in their natiue Countrey all the residue of their lyues though in seruile estate to the ende that they might bee buryed after the same were once ended in graues with their slaine husbandes Cartandis Queene of Scottes Moreouer where Cartandis Queene of the Scottes late wife vnto Eugenius was brought vnto Maximus with two
honourable estimation as fewe were founde comparable vnto him in those dayes At length requyring a safecunduyte to returne into Denmarke Ferguse with leaue returned againe from Italie into Denmarke he was licenced to depart with highe and right bountifull rewardes as in part of recompence of his good and faythfull seruice shewed during the tyme of the warres as wel in the life time of the sayd Athaulfus as also in the dayes of his predecessour the foresayde Alaryke About the same season the Bishoppes sea of Candida casa otherwyse called Quhitterne was fyrst instituted by one Ninian a preacher that tooke greate paynes Saint Ninian as the report hathe gone to instruct the Pictes and Brytaynes in the Christian fayth Hee was afterwardes reputed a Saint and the place of his buriall had in such veneration that many vsed to resort thither for deuotion sake as the maner in tymes past was when pilgrymage goings were vsed But nowe to returne where wee left touching the Pictes and to shewe the maner howe the Scottes returned againe into Albanie Yee shall vnderstande that the Pictes beeing brought into seruile bondage as before wee haue partlye declared and doubting dayly of worse to ensue they sent secrete messengers vnto suche Scottes as remayned in exyle in the Westerne Iles The Picts sent into forraine Countreys to call home the Scottes in Norway and in other partes of the worlde promising them if they woulde giue the attempt for recouerie of theyr auncient dwelling places in Albanie they shoulde bee sure of all the ayde that in them lay being readie to spende their lyues to reuenge the iniuryes whiche they dayly susteyned at the Romaines handes whose contynuall practise euer was howe to oppresse the auncient libertyes of all such Nations as came vnder theyr subiection The experience whereof they nowe felte to theyr vnsufferable greeuaunce looking for nothing else but shortlye to bee expulsed oute of theyr Countrey and dryuen to goe seeke them other places to inhabite in straunge Countreys after the manner of Outlawes as it had chaunced alreadie to the Scottes by commaundement of Maximus as before is expressed Ferguse sent vnto the Scots dispersed Ferguse vnto whom amongst other this message was chiefly directed reioyced greatly of the newes And firste conferring with the king of Denmark of whose ayde he knew himselfe assured by his aduise he sent letters abrode forthwith into Norwaye Orkney the Westerne Iles and into Ireland vnto such of the Scottish men as dwelt in those places to vnderstande theyr minde herein And beeing certifyed that they were vniuersally agreed Ferguse prepared himselfe to warre not onely to trye theyr chaunce for recouerie of theyr former estate and Kingdome but also had chosen him to be gouernour generall Captaine in that enterpryse he prepared partly at his owne costes and partly at the charges of the king of Denmarke and other of his friendes and alyes there a greate multitude both of men of warre and Shippes in purpose to passe ouer into Albanie to recouer hys Grandfathers estate whiche as it was thought myght nowe bee the more easily brought to passe sithe the Pictes woulde ayde him thereto vppon an earnest desire whiche they had to reuenge theyr owne iniuries receyued at the Romaines hands and to delyuer themselues from such throldome as they dayly felte themselues oppressed wyth doubting withall shortly to bee quite expelled out of theyr whole Countrey as they had bene forced to forgoe a great and the better part therof alreadie In this meane tyme Gratian vsurped the gouernance of Brytaine one Gratian discended of the Brytishe bloud by consent of the Romain Legate Martius both of them going agaynste theyr allegiaunce vsurped the gouernaunce of Brytayne by his owne priuate authoritie but shortly after they two falling at variance togither the one of them slue the other Martius slain And then the Souldiers not staying till they vnderstoode the pleasure of Honorius the Emperour Constantine succeedeth Martius chose one Constantine to succeed in the place of Martius who passing ouer into Fraunce was slaine there by Constantius Constantine is slaine one of the Captaynes of the sayd Honorius Victorine the other of the Romaine Legates hearing of the deathe both of Martius and Constantine The Lieutenāt of the north commeth to London remoued from Yorke vnto London the better to prouide for the safe keeping of the lande to the Emperour Honorius hys vse for that hee doubted sundrie daungers whiche might chaunce by reason the Countrey was as then vnprouided of men of warre the moste part of them beyng transported ouer into Fraunce with the forenamed Constantine and not agayne returned The Pictes enfourmed of these things The Picts send speedily vnto Ferguse sente him to make haste sith if he should haue wished worde with all speede vnto Fergus requiryng him to make haste sith if he should haue wished for a conuenient tyme a better coulde not bee deuised considering the present state of things as well in Brytayne as in other partes of the Romaine Empyre the people euerie where being readie to moue rebellion Ferguse vnderstanding the whole by suche messengers as styll came one after another vnto hym from the Pictes hee hasted to departe wyth all diligence and when all things were readie hee tooke the Sea with hys armie and within eight dayes after Ferguse arryued with his ships in Murrey Fyrth he arryued in safetie wythin the Fyrth of Murray lande with all his vesselles and people where taking lande and worde thereof beeing brought into Irelande into Orkeney and into the Westerne Iles all suche of the Scottishe lynage as lyued in those partes in exyle came wyth theyr wyues children and whose families in moste speedie wise vnto hym as thoughe the Countrey had beene alreadie recouered out of the enimies handes withoute all doubtes of further perill or businesse The Pictes also reioysing greatly at the newes of his comming ◅payred vnto hym The Picts ioyfully receyue Ferguse and shewed him all the honour that might be deuised beseeching him to pardon and forget all iniuryes and displeasures by them wroughte and contryued in tymes paste agaynste the Scottish nation sithe now they were readie for the aduauncement thereof to spende theyr lyues agaynst such as were enimies to the same The Pictes craue pardon excusing them selues Neither was the fault theyrs in that Hiergust had consented with the Romaines to banishe the Scottish people but in their auncetters who being blinded through the fayre wordes and sweet promises of the Romaines sawe not the myschiefe which they brought vpon their own heads and their posterities Therefore they desired him to renue againe the league betwixt the Pictishe and Scottish Nations with such conditions of appoyntment as it shoulde please him to prescribe Ferguse Ferguse by consent of his Nobles answerd that he was contented to stablish the league with them euen according to the tenour of the auncient agreement
The Scots and Pictes breake vp their camp perceyuing themselues not able as then to make any further attempt agaynst theyr enimies brake vp theyr armye and deuised onely howe they might defende that which they had alreadie in possession And forsomuch as the Pictishe Nation was encreased to a greater multitude of people than those Countreys which they then held were able to finde with sufficient sustenance considering what a great portion of their auncient seates the Brytaynes and Romaines kept from them it was agreed by the Scottes that they shoulde enioy the Countrey of Athole Athole assigned to the Pictes with other landes bordering neare vnto the same lying wythoute the compasse of the Mountayne of Grane◅he◅ The Pictes then beeing placed in Athole encreased there wonderfully and buylt many fayre Castels and towers in those parties to the great beautifying of that Countrey In which meane while The Brytaines by the appointment of Victorine make a Wall Victorine the Romaine Lieutenant commaunded the Brytayns to make hast with the wal wherof ye haue heard made of turfe and susteyned with certaine postes of tymber passing ouerthwart the borders betwixt them and their enimies beginning as yee haue heard at Abircorne and so stretching forth by Glascow and Kyrkpatryk euen vnto Aldecluch nowe Dunbryton .lxxx. myles more Northward than the other wal which the Emperor Adrian caused as is sayd to be made Whereof the Scottes and Pictes being enformed they assembled themselues togither The Scottishe men and Picts interrupt the making of that Wall and vnder the leading of a noble man called Graym they set vpon the Brytaynes as they were busie in working about the same and slue not onely a great number of labourers and souldiours which were set to labour and defende the worke but also entering into the Brytish borders fetched from thence a great bootie of Cattaile and other riches which they foūd dispersed abrode in the coūtrey This Graym who as I sayde was chiefe of this enterpryse was brother vnto the Scottish Queene the wife of king Ferguse Graim otherwise called Graham and his lynage He was borne in Denmarke as some holde opinion in the time of the Scottish mens banishment and had a Scottish man to his father descended of a noble house and a Danish Ladie to his mother He himselfe also maried a noble woman of that nation and had by hir a daughter Ferguse maried a daughter of Graym whome Ferguse by the perswasion of the king of Denmarke tooke to wife and had issue by hir afore his comming into Scotlande three sonnes Eugenius Dongarus Constantius of whom hereafter in their place mention shall bee made as occasion serueth Other there be Diuersitie of opinions touching the originall beginning of the Graymes that affyrme how this Graym was a Brytayne borne and that through hate which he bare towardes the Romaines for their cruell gouernment he fledde forth of his natiue Countrey and continued euer after amongst the Scottes as first in Denmarke and afterwardes in Albion euer readie to doe what displeasures hee coulde deuise agaynst the Romaynes and other theyr friendes or subiectes Of thys Graym those Scottes which vnto this day beare that surname are sayde to bee discended But now to the purpose ye shall vnderstand that after that it was knowne in forraine countreys howe the Scottes had gotte foote agayne within those Regions in Albion which theyr elders of auncient tyme had possessed there came dayly dyuerse companyes of that Nation out of Spaine The Scottish men returne into theyr Countrey Fraunce Germanie and Italye where during the tyme of theyr banishment they had serued vnder sundrye Captaynes vnto Ferguse to ayde hym in recouerie of theyr Countrey and auncient seates Ferguse inuadeth the confines of the Brytaynes oute of the whiche they had beene moste cruelly expulsed So that Ferguse nowe seeing hys power thus not a little augmented by theyr comming entereth into the borders of Kyle Carrik and Cunningham spoyling and harrying those Countreys on euery side but shortly therevpon commeth the armie of the Romains The Scots put to the worse with whom the Scottes encountering in battaile receyued no lesse domage than they minded to haue done vnto theyr aduersaries Wherevpon being forced to leaue that Countrey they drewe backe into Argyle where Ferguse wyntered for that part of the yeare which yet remayned When Sommer was come he was counsayled to haue eftsoones offered battayle vnto Victorine Victorine inuadeth Galloway who as then was entered Galloway rather to trie the vttermost poynt of Fortunes chaunce agaynst him than to sustaine such displeasures and iniuries at the Romaines handes as by them were dayly done vnto him and hys people but there were other that gaue other aduice alledging how the daunger was great to ieopard againe in battaile with the Romaines Ferguse is disswaded to fight with the Romanes being mē of such skill and practise in the feates of warres considering what losse had chaunced in the two former battayles Againe there was great likelyhoode that if he coulde be contented to forbeare for a tyme and seeke to defende the borders of his Countrey so well as he might without giuing battayle The Romaine Empyre inuaded by barbarous nations it must needes come to passe that shortly the Romaine Empyre shoulde bee brought vnto such ruynous decay by reason of the multitude of enimies whiche as then inuaded the same on eche side that in the ende Victorine doubting his owne suretie woulde conuey himselfe wyth his men of warre out of the Countrey and then shoulde it bee an easie matter for the Scottes and Pictes to recouer again all suche Countreys as aunciently belonged to theyr elders and whollye to restore the estates of theyr common wealthes vnto theyr former dignities This aduise was followed as the best and most likely so that making sundry rodes into the borders of their enimies Countreys so to keepe them still occupied Ferguse and the Scottes refused vtterly to come to any foughten field with them Victorine accused vnto Honorius Shortly after also it chaunced that Victorine was accused vnto the Emperour Honorius of some secrete practise agaynst his Maiestie as to bee about to vsurpe the crowne of Brytayne wherevnto hee was compelled in deede by the souldiers whose heartes hee had wonne through his bounteous liberalitie sundrie wayes declared towardes them and vnderstanding at this present that he was mynded to haue fled his wayes for doubt of the sayde information made against him they moued him with such earnest perswasions to take vppon him the Imperiall dignitie promising euen to liue and die with him in defence thereof aswell agaynst Honorius Victorine taketh vpon him the name and authoritie of Emperour in Brytayne as all other that in the ende he consented vnto their desires and so was proclaymed Emperor and clothed in purpure vsing thereto all the other Imperial ornaments as if he had bene Emperour in deede But
concluded with the Scots Picts At the last aboute .x. yeares after the conclusion of this last peace it chaunced that one Conanus the sonne of the aboue mencioned Conanus descended of the bloud of the Octauij sometime kings of the Brytains sore maligned to see his countrey thus brought into thraldome of the Scottish nation and deuising how to find some redresse called togither the moste parte of the Brytish nobilitie by secrete messages home to a manour place whiche hee had within a thicke woode in the countrey of Kent and there opening vnto them a great peece of his minde perswaded them with the weightiest reasons hee could imagine to leuie warre against the Scots and Pictes hauing at that present meane to maintaine it aswell by reason of theyr increase now sithence the last warres bothe of able men as also of substaunce to furnish them with Here the nobles were of sundrie opinions for some aweried with the note of bondage The Brytons hauing respect to their sonnes and kinsmen lying in hostage would not agree to breake the peace would gladly haue had warres other hauing regarde to theyr sonnes lying in hostage with the enimies would in no wise consent thereto by reason whereof this counsell brake vp without conclusion of any effect When eche man was returned to his home there had bene some amongst them that gaue knowledge to the confederate kings what mocion had bene made and what was intended against them Whervpon they immediatly determined not onely to cause the hostages to be executed but also to pursue the rebelles with fierce and cruell warres The kings of the Scots and Pictes offended with the conspiracie of the Brytons prescribe vnto them new articles to be performed Yet before they practised any violence they sent theyr ambassadours vnto the Brytains to vnderstande theyr full meaning and to declare vnto them further certaine articles whiche the sayde kings required to haue performed without all delayes or els to looke for open warre out of hande The chiefest pointes of which articles were these First that the Brytons should not assemble togither in councell without licence of the Scottish and Pictish kings Impudent serâ—â—itrie intruded vpon the Brytons by the proude cruell Scots if it be trâ—…e notwithstanding that their auncient lawes they might vse at their pleasure but they should receiue no straunger into their countrey being a Romaine or a Frenchman neither merchaunt nor other Their olde hostages they should receyue home againe and deliuer in exchaunge of them twice so many in number of the like age and degree as was couenaunted by the former league The commons of the lande vnderstanding what was demaunded by these ambassadours were in a wonderful rage and would haue made a great sturre if they had not bene quieted by the Lordes The coÌ„mons of Brytaine offended with their gouernours who for theyr paines taken herein got them an euill report amongst the inferiour sorte of people as though through theyr wante of stomake only the common wealth was brought into suche a miserable estate that looke what pleased the enimie to charge the Bryttish nation with no man durst once speake against it This grudge of the commons encreased so farre foorth agaynst their superiours that after the Scottish and Pictish ambassadours were returned home with answeare agreeable to theyr demaundes The commoÌ„s of Brytaine coÌ„spire against the nobles there arose incontinently a great coÌ„motion of the people conspiring togither to the vtter destruction of the whole nobilitie But their furie was repressed so that they were ouerthrowen in battell at twoo seuerall times with great slaughter and bloudshed wherevpon they withdrew into the mountaynes and there kepte themselues making reyses vpon the nobilitie and fetching booties away from the heardes flockes of cattell belonging to the Lordes and Gentlemen but finally through famine which beganne to oppresse bothe partes One estate of men can not liue without helpe of another they perceyued what neede the one had of the others helpe and so they agreed This ciuill warre sore decayed the force of the Brytons for beside the greate slaughter that was made betwixt them by the aduoyding of the commons out of their houses the ground lay vntilled whereof ensued a marueylous great scarcetie dearth of all things by reason wherof an innumerable sorte of people died Yet shortly after followed such plentie Superfluous wealth occasioÌ„ of vice that those that were left aliue forgetting the passed miseries gaue themselues to all kinde of vice whiche tooke such roote in the harts of the more parte of them that for any man to vse any maner of vertue amoÌ„gst them was a readie meane to procure great enuie and hatred In the meane time liued the Scottish and Pictish kings in good quiet and reste applying their studies onely howe to instruct theyr people now after the warres were once ended The Scots apply theÌ„selues to peace in laudable exercises and necessarie occupations conuenient for the time of peace wherby their realmes might florish in wealth and prosperitie without dreede of any forraine power For they saw such tokens of ruyne in the Brytish estate as small likelyhood appeared that the same should at any time be able to recouer againe the former force and dignitie Finally the Scottish king Eugenius hauing aduaunced the estate of his countrey vnto more felicitie wealth than any of his predecessours had euer done before him The death of Eugenius the Scottish king after hee had raigned xxx yeares he ended his life about the .iiij. yeare of Leo that vsurped the Empyre of Constantinople BVt for somuch as Eugenius lefte no issue behind him Dongard king of Scottes 461. H.B. The study of Dongard for preseruatioÌ„ of iustice and good orders his brother named Dongarde succeeded in the estate Hee began his reigne in the yeare 470. and his chiefest studie was according to his brothers ensample to prouide for the maintenance of good orders and iustice appointing in euery quarter men of good fame and reporte to haue the administration vnder him with coÌ„maundement that they should diligently forsee that euery man might enioy his owne The repairing of castels by king DuÌ„gard He himselfe tooke vpon him also to see to the repayring of such castels as were decayed and to the building vp of newe in places where hee thought moste expedient specially neare to the Brytish borders for he well coÌ„sidered that peace encreassed riches riches pride and presumption with other sinnes whiche could not long endure without the plague of warres Therfore he douting the chaunges of scornefull fortune thought good in time of peace to prouide for the daungers of warres wheÌ„ the same should happeÌ„ vnto him These ciuill policies and princely prouisions for defence of his couÌ„trey subiects increased the fame of DoÌ„gard mightily but that which he did towards the aduauncement of religion did most exceedingly set foorth his commendation First all suche
his power as then did soiourne Where when both the campes were pitched and one lying not farre from the other at the first certaine light skirmishes were procured by both partes betwixt the light horsemen wherewith at length being the more prouoked to displeasure they come into the fielde with their whole maine battailes right fiercely encountering eche other The Albions and Saxons encounter in battaile so that as it appeared their force was not so great but their mortall hate was euen as much or rather more if the hystories say right Aurelius hasteth forth to London Aurelius Ambrose hauing thus got the vpper hande of his enimies hasteth forth with all speede vnto London where hauing both the Citie and tower deliuered into his handes hee recouered the whole Ilande from the possession of the Saxons and such of them as were apt men able to beare armor and to serue in the warres he coÌ„maunded to depart forth of the land The other that were minded to tarie behinde their fellowes that were thus forced to depart became subiectes to the Britains and couenanted to become christians Thus much haue I written touching Aurelius Ambrose according to the report of the Scottish wryters but more hereof ye may reade in the hystorie of Englande where ye shall finde this matter set forth more at large For y t which wee write here is but to shewe in what sort the Scottishe writers make relation of the warres which their nation had with the Saxons when they began first to set foote here in this lande To our pupose then In the meane time Aurelius hauing thus recouered the lande out of the Saxons hands and now remaining at London did all the honor he coulde ymagine both vnto Loth the Pictish king and also vnto Conranus generall of the Scottishe men acknowledging howe that by theyr ayde chiefly hee had got the vpper hande of his enimyes By support of Scottes and Pictes Aurelius confesseth â—…e got the hâ—…torie of the Saxons and so hee willed to haue it notified amongst his subiectes Hereto heâ—… caused the league to be renued betwixt the Scottes Pictes and Brytaynes the auncient ordinaunce for the Countreyes beyond Humber The league betwixt Scottes Pictes and Britains is renued beeing appointed to remayne vnto the Scottishe men and Pictes also that the Saxons shoulde bee reputed common enimyes to all the three Nations and that vpon inuasion made by any forraine power the Scottes Pictes and Brytanes should ayde one another as occasion serued This league beeing concluded with these articles of couenauntes was the more strongly confyrmed by reason of such affinitie and allyaunce as then also ensued For whereas Aurelius had two sisters the one named Anne and the other Ada virgins both Anne the daughter of Aurelius giuâ—â— in mariage vnâ—…to Loth king of Pictes Anne beeing the elder was gyuen in maryage vnto King Loth by whome certaine yeares after hee had issue two sonnes Mordred and Walwan or Galwan with a daughter named Thametes Ada beeing the yonger syster was maryed vnto Conranus Ada maried vnto CoÌ„ranus generall as is sayde of the Scottishe armye Howbeit she lyued not past two yeares after but dyed in trauayle of childe which also dyed wyth the mother And so ended the alyance of Aurelius and Conranus The Brytaynes beeing delyuered through the victorie and meanes afore rehearsed from the cruell handes of the Saxons enioyed ioyfull peace certaine yeares after but in the meane time dyuerse of those Saxons which were lycenced to remayne in Brytayne counterfeyting to become Christians vsed neuerthelesse to make sacryfice vnto Idolles according to the manner of the Gentyles whereof theyr Priestes beeing accused and condemned Diuers Saxons Idolaters are burned suffered death by fyre for that offence accordingly as the lawe dyd then appoynt them Whilest these things 〈…〉 Congâ—… 〈◊〉 the Scottes being worâ—◠〈◊〉 long 〈◊〉 The deuâ—â— of Congall departed this â—…e and was buried in the I le of Iona otherwise called Câ—â—kill with all kingâ—… pompe and accustomed ceremonies He raigned ouer the Scottishmen aâ—…ut xx yeares in great fame and glorie This Conranus otherwise also called by some Goranus being established king first tooke order that the sonnes of his brother Congall being within age shoulde be brought vp in the I le of Man vnder the gouernance of certainâ—… wyse instructors and scholemaisters to be trayned in learning and vertuous discipline according to an auncient ordenance thereof made and enacted Also doubting least peace and quietnesse nowe after long warres The earnest diligence of Conranus for maintenance of good orders amongst his subiects should minister matter to his people of raysing some commotion to the disturbance of all ciuill order and politike gouernment within his realme hee code as it had bene in circuite rounde about the same making inquirie of all maner offenders on whom he caused due punishment to be executed without respect eyther of kyth or kinne And amongst other enormities which he vnderstoode to be vsed in maner through al his couÌ„treys this as hee thought was most greeuous that the husbandmen and other commons of the Countrey being euil intreated and misused at the gentlemens handes durst not complaine nor procure any redresse by reason whereof when they were oppressed or suffered any manner of wrong or iniurie A goodly ordenance deuised by Conranus for reliefe of his commons they were without remedie to haue the same reformed he ordeyned therefore that the names of al such offenders with the maner of their offences shoulde bee secretly registred in a booke euerie yeare by certaine Inquisitours thereto chosen and appoynted and if it chaunced that those which were thus accused might afterwardes be founde guiltie before the kings Iustices by matter plainly proued agaynst them they shoulde then be sure to bee punished according to the measure of their offences This custome of accusations commonlye called moâ—…tements continueth euen vnto these our dayes Conranus himselfe as 〈◊〉 reported The king present at Assises vsed much to be present at Assyses and Sessions to see the laid as they 〈◊〉 either 〈◊〉 to passe the time in hunting within some Forteâ—â— or those â—…ere to the place where his Iustices 〈◊〉 Nowe whilest Conranus king of Scottes thus studiâ—… for the good gouernment of his people Aurelius Ambrose fell sicke of a consumption Aurelius Ambrose the king of Brytaine fell 〈◊〉 of a consumption whiche brought him to such weaâ—…nesse that all recouere of health in him was dispayred Occa and Pascentius return into Britaine whereof Occa and Pascentius soâ—…nes to Hengist beeing aduertised returned with a mightie power of Saxons into Brytain which as Hector Boetius sayth they named at that preâ—â— Engests land Vter the brother of Aurelius lay also the same time sore sicke of a flixe in the parties of Wales so that to auoyde dissention that was raysed among the Brytaynes about the appoynting of a generall to go agaynst the enimies
such wholsome lessons vertuous precepts as the foresayd Saint Colme had taught him in his youth so that studying how to defende rather that which was his owne in peace and quietnesse than to seeke any wayes or meanes howe to enlarge it by wrongfull encroching vpon other mens possessions he grewe into such fauour with all good menne as greater could not be deuised A sharpe iusticier Vnto offendors he was a sharpe Iusticier not sparing any transgressour of his lawes neyther in respect of nobilitie or otherwise but rather those gentlemen which misvsed thēselues in breache of good orders he chiefly gaue order to see them punished where if they behaued themselues worthily and according to theyr calling there was no prince more gladde than he to aduaunce them vnto honour By these and the like his princely doings he was both beloued of his people and also dred He neither fauoured the Picts nor Saxons of Northumberland for that the one nation being Ethnikes persisted in their infidelitie and the other ceassed not by all maner of meanes to supporte them but yet taking a truce with them bothe he firmely caused the same to be obserued In the .x. yeare of his reygne Cinigell king of Westsaxons and Edelfred king of Northumberlande with ayde of the Pictes Cadwalle vanquished vanquished Cadwallo king of Brytons and chased him into Scotlād where he remained not long sayling from thence into Brytain in Fraunce purchasing ayde of the king there named Cadoal returned into Wales Cadwalle is restored vnto his kingdome where vanquishing his enimies the Saxons sleaing many thousands of them he was restored againe vnto his kingdome Aboute the same time was Edelfred king of Northumberland slaine in battell See more hereof in England at a place called Wintringham not far from the riuer of Hūber by Redwald Ethelbreth King Edelfred slaine the one being king of the east Angles the other of the middle Angles in reuenge of suche iniuries as the same Edelfred had done vnto the Saxons of the coūtrey called Mertia conteyning as in the English historie more plainly may appeare al those shyres from the riuer of Thames vnto the riuer of Mersec in Lancashyre Then was one Edwine a right Christian prince Edwyne appoynted to reygne in his place by the assignement of the two foresayd kings Redwald and Ethelbreth Whilest these things were a doing there were seuen sonnes of the foresayde Edelfred that detesting the vntrue dealing of the Pictes whiche refused to ayde their father in his necessitie and doubting to fall into the handes of Edwyn got them vnto Eugenius the Scottishe king for more suretie of theyr liues Theyr names were Eufreid Oswald Oslaws Oswyne Offas Osmōd Osyk Ebba the only daughter of Edelfred beyng taken amongst other prysoners and escaping from hir taker miraculously got a boate in the riuer of Humber and with the same taking the sea alone without all humane helpe as hath bene reported she sayled foorth and at length safely arriued at the poynt of lande which stretcheth foorth into the sea in the mouth of the Forth called euē vnto this day after hyr name Saint Ebbes head S. Ebbas head where being receyued by the Bishop of that diocesse shee was professed a Nonne and after continuyng in greate perfectnesse of obseruing that profession she was instituted Abbesse of hyr house shewing still in trade of lyfe an orderly ensample for hyr flocke to followe Eugenius the Scottish king did louingly receyue the sonnes of Edelfred though their father had euer bene a cruell enimie against the Scottish nation and within a while after theyr comming into Scotlād hearing oftētimes the godly sermons and preachings of the Bishoppes and Monkes who in those dayes continually gaue themselues vnto that exercise they finally abhorred theyr supersticious idolatrie and receyued baptisme that salutiferous signe and sacramēt of our christian religiō Those churches also which the Saxōs in time of y e warres had ouerthrowē destroyed in Galoway other coūtreys thereabouts Eugenius caused to be repaired moreouer also he reedified sundry castels in those marches and placed in them garisons of souldiers to defend them against all inuasions that might happen Thus continuyng his reigne the space of .xv. yeares or there aboutes in honorable peace to the great aduauncement of the common wealth of his subiects 620. he lastly died in the yeare .620 and was buried amongst his elders in the Isle of Iona within the monasterie of Colmekill Molock a preacher There was also the same time amongst the Scottes an auncient godly man named Molock who following suche rules and doctrine as in his youth he had learned of Brandon that reuerend Abbotte he ceassed not to exhort the people of Mar and Argyle in whiche countreys he was most resident to flee and forsake their vicious liuing Monkes were preachers in those dayes and to endeuour themselues to imbrace vertue to the comfort and health of theyr soules This Molock kept continual companie with the forenamed Bonifacius after his comming into Scotland and finally died also in Rosse being about .94 yeares of age and was buried in the church where Bonifacius lieth though they of Argyle say that his relikes reste amongst thē in the Churche of Lysmore whiche is dedicated to his name Ferquhard and Donald gladly gaue eare to him but they thought his instructions did not much appertayne vnto theyr birth and degree but Fiacre printing his diuine documēts deepely in his harte determined to forsake all worldly pompe and dignitie and to get him some whither farre from home where he might serue God more freely without lette or interruption of his frendes or kinsfolke Thus being disposed Fiacre giueth himselfe for to liue a solitary life in Fraūce he got vpon him simple apparell and went ouer into Fraunce where seeking a solitarie place Pharo the bishoppe of Meaux gaue vnto him a peece of ground in the whiche at this day he is woorshipped with great deuotion There hath gone a tale in that countrey that no woman might enter into the Chapell where he lieth buried for if any do she hath some mishap that falleth vnto hyr as eyther the losse of sight priuation of wittes or some such like As touching the state of the Scottish cōmon wealth vnder the gouernment of Ferquhard the same was quiet inough without trouble of outward enimies but his subiectes among themselues fell at such diuision that euery parte of the realme was full of murder brenning and other destructions of men and houses with such spoyling robbing reuing and al kindes of other mischiefes that no where was any suertie eyther of life or goodes All the which misorders sprong were nourished and maynteyned through the kings owne negligence for he mistaking his office and duetie 〈◊〉 of this opinion that so long as the nobles and estates of his realme were thus ready out to 〈◊〉 other Ferquhard mainteined ciuil discorde there was no
filled with more malice one against an other than with desire to defend theyr countrey against their enimies could bryng their men into any perfecte araye Robert Bruce seruing that day amongst the Englishmen fetched a compasse about an hill came on the backes of the Scottes so that they were in maner compassed in beaten downe on eche side Yet Wallace left nothing vndon that might pertaine to the dutie of a valiant captain But at length all his endeuors notwithstāding the Scots ouerset with multitude of enimies as the Scottish writers affirme were slayne in such huge numbers that he was constrayned to draw out of the field with suche small remnant as were left alyue The Englishmen pursued fiercely after hym The Scottes discomfited at 〈◊〉 and namely one valiant captayne named Frere Bryan Iay a Templer whome Wallace perceyuing to be within his daunger Frere Bryan lay slayne by the hand of Williā Wallace stepped foorth vnto hym and slewe him there in syght as it is sayd of all the Englyshe armie Whiche valiaunt acte of Wallace caused the Englishmen somewhat to staye for doubt of further perill vy their vnwyse pursuite In this infortunate battaile wer slain on the Scottishe side Nobles of Scotland slayn at the battayle of Falkyrke Iohn Stewarde of Bute wyth his Brandanes for so they name them that are taken vp to serue in the warres forth of the Stewardes landes Mackduff erle of Fyfe with sir Iohn Graham whose death was much lamented by Wallace as one whome he highly esteemed for his great experience in warlyke knowledge Many other noble and valiant men dyed in this conflict whose names wold be to long to reherse Mary Magdalens day prosperous for the Englishemen to fyghte againste Scots This batail was stricken on Mary Magdalens day in the yere of our Lorde .1298 and therfore the Englishmē haue holden it euer sithence an happy day for to fight against Scottes Wallace after thys discomfiture came to Perth 1298 and there vttering by complaint the iniurious enuie of the nobles against hym he renoūced and discharged hymselfe of all the auctoritie which had bin committed to his hands Wallace renounceth his office touching the gouernance of the realme Philip king of Fraunce The same tyme Philip king of Fraunce the fourth of that name and surnamed le Beau hauing great ruth in his heart for the miserable calamities thus chaunced to his auncient confederate frendes the Scottes and that chiefly for the quarell of Fraunce sente his ambassadors vnto Edward king of Englande who had lately before maryed his daughter requiryng that there might be som peace or abstinēce of war grāted A truce At his request therefore a truce was taken betwixt the Scottes and Englishemen to endure from the feast of all Saincts til the feast of Pentecost next following Scottish ambassadors sent to Pope Boniface The Scottes in the meane tyme sore oppressed by reason of long warres sent ambassadors to Pope Boniface in presenting a right greuous complaint vnto him for the great affliction done to them by king Edwarde who was fully bente by iniurious meanes as they alledged to conquere their realme and therefore they besoughte hym to constreyne king Edwarde by vertue of his prerogatiue which he pretended to haue ouer the realme of Englande to stand to his order in deciding the right cōcerning y e liberties of Scotland which might no otherways be determined but by intollerable damage falling to the people thorough blynd desire and couetous ambition of the nobles contending for the crowne The opinion of the Pope The Pope as is said after he had by good and deliberate aduise heard the matter gaue sentence with the Scottes that they had iuste cause of warres in defence of the liberties of their coūtrey against king Edward and his fautors The Scots somewhat recomforted herewith shortly therevppon chose Iohn Cumyn to their gouernour Iohn Cumyn elected gouernour of Scotland in purpose to trie with the Englishemen for their liberties Wherof king Edwarde being aduertised sente foorthwith an armie into Scotlande which passed thorough the countrey to Saint Iohns towne An armie of Englishmen sent into scotlande with greate damage of those that were adiudged rebelles to king Edwardes Empire All the countrey in manner vnto Forthry at this season was subiect to the Englishemen sauing suche fewe of the inhabitauntes as lyued within the woods hauing more regard to the ancient liberties of their countreye than to any desire of preseruing their goodes or lyues Iohn Cumyn therefore desirous to redresse this heauie miserie and lamentable case of his countrey admitted Symon Fraser fellow with him in the administratiō of the wars against the Englishmen and therwith gathering an army of .viij. thousand hardy men of warre setteth in hande to reuēge the iniurious doings of the enimies King Edwards officers chased out of Scotlād chasing out of the realme all such officers with their seruauntes as king Edward had placed in any roomthes within the bounds of Scotland and suche as resisted hee pursued in moste cruell wyse not sparyng to put them vnto the swoorde in all places where hee mighte fynde them King Edwarde sore kyndeled in displeasure with these attemptes of suche desperate persons Scotlande agayn inuaded reysed an armie of thirtie thousand men and sent the same into Scotlande vnder the leading of a right sloute and valiant capitayne named Radulph Radulph Cōfraye I remember not that any of the English nobilitie bare this surname in these days wherefore I thinke it was the lord Iohn Segraue Io Cumyn Symon Fraser or Rafe Confray This Radulph at his commyng into Scotlande tooke small regarde to the orderyng of his field but deuided his armie into three partes euery part conteining .x. thousand men and appointed them to passe foorth to forraye the countrey and to mete altogither at Roslyn in suche sort and tyme as he prescribed Iohn Cumyn Symon Fraser being aduertised hereof gathered their powers together to the nūber of .vij. or viij thousand men and determined to try the chance of battayle with one part of the English armye first trusting that if they hapned to haue the vpper hande of one of the three parts the other two would be the more easy to deale with The Scottish captains resolued thus vpon that point exhorted their people to remēber how they were to fight in defence of their wiues their children their goods and liberties of their countreye against such as sought to bring them into thraldome and vile seruitude With which wordes the Scottes were so enboldned that minding either to die or to winne the victorie they gaue the onsette so fiercely on their enimyes that the fyrste battayle of the Englishmen was quickely ouerthrowen and vanquished The firste battaile of the englishmen ouerthrowne Fewe of the Englyshmen hadde escaped the Scottishmens hands had they not ben so awearyed wyth continuall fyghte that they were not
him right honourably at Melrose where after certain talke had betwixt them for the appeasing of thys last displeasure King Iames purposeth to be a surer for mariage in England the king brake with the Bishop for the hauing of the Ladie Margaret eldest daughter to Henrie the seuenth as then king of England to be giuen him in mariage and further declared that he was minded to sende his Orators vnto hir father the sayde king Henry about the same matter And forasmuch as he knewe that the Bishop was one that might doe much with king Henrie who highly fauored him for his singular wisdom and learning he desired him to be a meane to further his sute which if it were obteyned he trusted should highly redounde to the honour and wealth of both the Realmes The Bishop considering herein as muche as the king was able to tell him did not onely promise to doe all that in him lay but also encouraged him to sende his Orators with all speede trusting that they should reteyne a right towardly answere King Iames following the Bishops aduise anone after his returne into Englande â—…mbassadors â—…nt into Engâ—…nde sent certaine persons Ambassadours vnto King Henry to moue him to the effect aboue mentioned These Ambassadors were highly welcomed verie well heard 1500 A mariage coÌ„cluded betwixt king Iames and the Lady Margaret so that to be briefe their request seemed so agreeable to king Henries minde that the mariage was shortly therevpon concluded but not cosummate betwixt the foresaid Iames king of Scotlande and the sayd Ladie Margaret daughter to king Henrie in the .xvij. yeare of the sayd king Henries raigne A peace concluded betwixt England and Scotland At the same time when this mariage was so agreed vpon a peace also was concluded betwixt the kings of Englande and Scotlande for the tearme of theyr two lyues And to auoyde that none of eyther of the sayde kings subiects that had offended the lawes should be receyued into any of theyr dominions it was accorded that no English man shoulde come within Scotland without his Princes letters supplicatorie vnto the king of Scottes nor any Scottish man to come within England without the like letters from his prince desiring safeconduct and passeport 1501 In the yeare nexte ensuing the Bishoppe of Glasgew the Earle Bothwell and other noble men of Scotlande were sent in Ambassade from king Iames vnto the king of Englande for the perfiting of the foresayde mariage betwixt King Iames and the Ladie Margaret eldest daughter to king Henrie which Earle by letters of procuracie and Mandate in the name of his maister king Iames affied and handfasted the foresayde Ladie Margaret in all solemne wise according to the maner This was in the yeare 1502 which assurance and contract thus made was published at Paules Crosse in London on the day of the conuersion of Saint Paule in reioysing whereof Te Deum was sung and Fiers made with great feasting and banketting throughout that Citie This done the Ambassadors returned into Scotlande and then afterwardes was great preparation made in Englande for the conueying of the sayde Ladie into Scotlande and lykewyse great purueyance there for the receyuing of hir The .xvj. of Iune King Henrie tooke hys iourney from Richmont with his daughter the sayde Lady Margaret and came to Coliweston where his mother the Countesse of Richmont then lay And after he had remayned there certaine dayes in pastime and great solace he tooke leaue of hys daughter giuing hir his blessing with a fatherly exhortation and committed the conueyance of hir into Scotland vnto the Earle of Surrey and others The king of Denmark commeth into Scotlande About this time the king of Denmark through deuision that did rise betwixt him and his Lordes was constrayned to forsake his Countrey and to come for ayde into Scotlande where the king receyued him louingly and vpon his earnest sute for that he was both his cousin and confederate and also the rather at the contemplation of the French kings request and perswasioÌ„ he prepared an armie of tenne thousande men the whiche vnder the conduct of the Erle of Arrane he sent with the sayde king of Denmarke to assist him against his aduersaries He is restored to his kingdome by the Erle of Arrane Lieutenant to king Iames. The Earle of Arrane according to his commission attending the Danish king into his couÌ„trey restored him to his kingdom and former gouernment and so leauing him in peaceable possession thereof returned with his armie againe into Scotland with great honour both to himselfe the king and realme Shortly after was a Parliament called during the which the Queene was crowned and many good actes and constitutions made especially touching the lymitting of places where iustice should be ministred in the Iles and hie lands The hyeland men obedient 〈◊〉 lawes whereby it came to passe that the king was aswel obeyed and his lawes were as duely obserued and kept by the hie lande men as by those that dwelled in any part of the low land 1504 The king then being at peace with England and iustice so ministred amongest his owne subiects that they liued in greate rest and quietnesse certaine of his counsell deuised wayes to winne the king great profite and gaynes by calling hys barons and all those that helde any landes within his realme A deuise to get the king money to shew their euidence by way of recognition and if they had not writings to shewe according to the auncient instruments lawes of the realm sufficient for their warrant the lands shoulde remaine at the kings pleasure but when the king perceyued his people to grudge herewith and not without cause as with a thing deuised to disquiet his people and the whole countrey of his owne curteous and gentle nature he easily agreed with the possessors of such lands for the whiche he purchased great loue amongest his people and the deuisors of that ordinaunce wanne passing great hatred and malice This yeare in May the king helde his court of Iustice at Lowder 1506 and remouing it to Edenbourgh there continued the same where the Lord of Thorneton was conuicted for killing his wife and therefore lost his head There came an Ambassadour this yeare also from the Duke of Gelderland to renue the league betwixt the King and the sayde Duke Also an Heralde came oute of Fraunce that brought newes which the king liked well This yeare also A great ship made the King caused a mightie Shippe to be made the which was put forth into the road the seuenth of Iuly and the king sayled himselfe into the May an Ilande in the Forth and was driuen in againe with tempest but the same shippe was after appoynted forth and sent to the Sea with sundrie valiant Gentlemen in hir to meete with the Hollanders whiche had taken and spoyled diuerse Scottish ships and throwne the Marchantes and other that were in
that offred to haue fold his metton for xv grotes and yet woulde not taken crowne Who so will grate vpoÌ„ such nice diuersities in respect y t he is ashamed of his country truly in mine opinion his â—…ntry may be ashamed of him Ireland is deuided into foure regioÌ„s 1. Lagenia 2. CoÌ„natia 3. Hultonia 4. Momonia 5. Media West Méeth cast Méeth Leinster easte Connaght west â—…ister north MouÌ„ster south and into a fift plot defalked from euery fourth parte and yet â—…earyng on eche part called therof Media Méeth comprising as well east Méeth as west Méeth Leinster butteth vpoÌ„ England Vlster vpoÌ„ y e Scottish Islands which face w t Hebriades scattered betwene both the realmes Hebriades wherein at this day the Irish Scot successor of y e elder Scythian Pine or Redshanke dwelleth Eche of these fiue where they are framable to ciuilitie and aunswer the writtes of the Princes courtes The shires and counties of Ireland be sundred into Shieres or CouÌ„ties in this maner In Leinster lyeth the Counties of Dublin Hildare Welseford or Gueisford Catherlach Kilkenny the Countyes of Leise and Ophaly called the King Quenes counties these two lately so named by Parliament in the raignes of Phillip and Mary hauing shiere townes accordaunt Phillipstowne and Maryborough Connaght hath the countie Clare Vlster the countyes of Louthe Doune Antrim one moyetie of the towne of Droghedagh for y e rest is in Méeth and Carregfergus In Mounster lye the Countyes of Waterforde Lymmericke Corcke Countie Palentine of Typperary Keary and the crosse of Typperary Mounster was of olde tyme deuided into east MouÌ„ster Ormond West Mounster Desmonde South Mounster Toonmound The occasion why Ireland was parted into these v. principall pull regions grew of this An. mundi 2533. Cambriens lib. .1 dist 3. rub .5 6. There arriued in Ireland fiue brethren that were â—…e valiant and martiall gentlemen to withe Gandius Genandius Sagandus otherwyse named Gangandius Rorheragus or Rutheranius and Slanius These fiue perceiuing that the countrey was not sufficiently peopled were agreed as if were to cast lottes and to share the whole realme betwene themselues The foure elder wethren seueryng the countrey into foure partes and beyng loâ—… for vse theyr yongest brother lyke an outcast or stepsonne condescended that eche of them foure should at there own portion allotte to Slanius a paryng or parcell of their enheritaunce Which beyng as hartâ—…y receiued by Slanius as it was bountifully graunted by them he setled himselfe them and of that particion it tooke the appellation of Media Méeth whence it is named Meethe The foure partes méete at a certayne none at Méethe neere the castle of Kilayre as an indifferent meare to seuer the iiij regions But although Slanius in the beginning had the lest parcel yet in short spare he stoode so well to his tacklinges and enerâ—…acht so far vpon his neighbors that he obtayned the whole Monarchie of IrelaÌ„d At which tyme he did not suppresse in obliuion his enheritance of Méethe Méeth appointed for y e king his table but did enlarge it and decréed it should be a country appendant to the Monarch his diet or table And albeit the confines thereof were by Slanius stretched yet it conteyneth not so much land as any of the other foure partes comprehendeth but rather by moisâ—…erent suruey the halfe deale whereof also it is not vnlikely named Méeth For where as in the tyme of Slanius eche of the foure partes compriseth â—…r Cantared cantareder Méeth conteineth but xvj cantaredes A cantarede is named so much land as conteyneth an hundred towneships This Slanius is entoombed at an hill in Méethe which of hym is named Slane Slane Galfride Geneuile There hath bene in ancient tyme one Galfride Geneuile Lord of the liberty of Méeth This noble man became a Frier preacher and deceased in the yeare of our Lorde 1314. the xx of October and was entoombed in the Abbey of the blacke Friers at Trimme The English pale There is also an other diuision of Irelande into the English pale and Irishry For when Ireland was subdued by the English diuers of the conquerors planted themselues néere to Dublyn and the confines thereto adioyning and so as it were enclosing and empalyng themselues within certayne listes and territories they seazed away the Irish in so much as that countrey became méere English And therof it was termed the English pale which in auncient tyme stretched from Doondalke to Catherlogh or â—…keâ—…y But now what for the â—…acknesse of marthouâ—…es and the enerâ—…hyng of the Irish enemy the scope of the English pale is greatly empayred and is cramprened and â—…ht into an odde corner of the countrey named Fingall with a parcell of the king his land Méeth the countries of Kyldâ—…re Louth which partes are applied chiefly with good husbandry and takeÌ„ for the richest and ciculeâ—… soyles in Ireland Fingâ—… excelleth or hasbandry But Fingall especially from tyme to tyme hath bene so addicted to all the poyntes of Husbandry as that they are nicknamed by their neighbors for their continuall drudgery Collonnes of the latin worde Coloni Collonnes of Fingal Clowne Fingall why so named wherunto the clipt English worde Clowne séemeth to be aunswerable The worde Fingall counterâ—… yleth in englishe the race or sept of the englishe or estraungers for that they were soly seized of that part of y e Island gripyng with their callantes so firmely that warme neast that from the conquest to this day the Irish enimy could neuer rouse them from thence The inhabitantes of the english pale haue bene in olde tyme so much addicted to all ciuilitie and so farre sequestred from barbarous sauagenesse as their only mother tongue was English The ciuilitie of Ireland in auncient tyme. And truely as long as these empaled dwellers did sunder theÌ„selues as wel in land as in language froÌ„ the Irishe rudenes was day by day in the countrey supplanted ciuilitie engraffed good lawes established loyaltie obserued rebellion suppressed and in fine the cyone of a yong England was lyke to shoote in Ireland But wheÌ„ their posteritie became not all togither so wary in kéeping as their auncestors were valiant in conquering and the Irish language was frée dennized in y e English pale this canker tooke such déepe roote as the body that before was whole and sounde was by little and little festered and in maner wholy putrified And not onely this parcel of Ireland grew to that ciuilitie but also Vlster and the greater part of Mounster as by the sequele of the Irishe history shall plainely appeare But of all other places Weisforde wholy English The Pill Weiseforde with the territorye bayed and perclosed within the riuer called the Pill was so quite estranged from Irishry as if a trauailer of the Irish which was rare in those dayes had picht his foote within the pile and spoken Irishe the WeisefordiaÌ„s would commaunde hym
standeth in the chore commonly called the new chappell was builded by Girald fitz Thomas erle of Kildare in the yeare of our Lord 1510. where he is entumbled S. Patrikes churche a cathedrall churche endued with notable liuings and diuers farre benefices It hath a chappell at the north dore which is called y e paroch church This church was founded by the famous and worthy prelate Iohn Commyn about the yeare of â—…r Lord. The conâ—…rsie â—…twene Christ-â—…urch and 〈◊〉 Patriks â—…rch 1197. This foundation was greatly aduaunced by y t liberalitie of king Iohn There hath risen a greate contention betwixt thys churche and Christes churche for antiquitie wherein doubtlesse S. Patricke hys churche ought to giue place vnlesse they haue further matter to shew and better reasons to builde vpon then their foundations in whiche this churche by many yeares is inferiour to the other S. Nicholas S. Michael S. Verberosse or S. Varburge so called of a Chesshire Virgin The citizens of Chester founded this church with two chappels thereto annexed the one called our Ladies chapel the other S. Martines chappel Hir feast is kepte the third of February This churche wyth a great parte of the Citie was burnt in the yeare 1301. but agayne by the parochians reedified S. Iohn the Euangelist S. Audoen which is corruptly called saint Ouen or Owen His feast is solemnised the xxiiij of August The paroche of this churche is accounted the best in Dubline for that the greater number of the AldermeÌ„ and the worshippes of the Citie are demurraunt within that paroche Fitzsymons S. Tuliock now prophaned In this church in olde tyme the familie of the Fitzsymons was for the more part buried The paroche was meared from the Crane castle to the fishambles called the cockehil with Preston hys Innes and the lane thereto adioyning which scope is now vnited to S. Iohn hys paroche S. Katherine S. Michan or Mighanne S. Iames his fayre S. Iames his feast is celebrated the xxv of Iuly on which day in ancient time was there a worthy fayre kept at Dubline continuing sixe dayes vnto which resorted diuers merchantes as wel froÌ„ England as froÌ„ France Flaunders And they afourded their wares so doggecheape in respect of the Citie merchantes that the countrey was yere by yere sufficiently stored by estrangers and the citie merchants not vttering their wares but to such as had not redy chinckes and theruppon forced to run on y t score were very much empouerished wherefore partly thorough the canuassing of the towne merchantes partly by the wincking of the rest of the Citizens beyng wan vpon many gay gloÌ„sed promises by playing heepéepe to heare themselues ouerly in the matter that famous marte was supprest and all forreyne sale wholy abandoned Yet for a memoriall of this notable faire a fewe cottages bouthes and alepoles are yerely pitcht at S. Iames his gate S. Michael of Poules alias Paules S. Brigide S. Keuyn S. Peter de monte or on the hil appendant to S. Patrikes church S. Stephen This was exected for an hospitall for poore lame impotent lazers where they abide to this day although not in suche chaste and sincere wise as the founders wyll was vpon the erection thereof The Maior with his brethren on S. Stephen his daye which is one of their station daies repaireth thither and there doth offer â–ª S. Andrew now prophaned The names of the gates of the citie and suburbes of Dublin BOth the gates nere the white friers S. Keuen his gate Hogs gate Dammes gate Poule gate aliâs Paules gate Newgate a gaole or prison Winetaberne gate S. Audoen his gate hard by the church goyng downe towardes the cockestréete The reason why this gate and the wynde taberne gate were builded procéeded of this In the yeare 1315. Edward Bruise a Scot and brother to Robert Bruise king of Scottes arriued in the north of Ireland From whence he marched on forward with his army vntil he came as farre as Castleknock The citizens of Dubline being sore amazed at the sodayne Scarborough approche of so puissaunt an enemy burned all the houses in S. Thomas his stréete lest he should vpon his repayre to Dubline haue any succour in the suburbes The Mayor named Robert Notingham and communaltie being in this distresse razed down an Abbay of the Fryer preachers called S. Saluiour his Monastery brought the stones thereof to these places where the the gates now stande and all along that way dyd cast a Wall for the better fortifying of the ciuitie mistrusting that the Walles that went along both the keyes shoulde not haue béene of sufficient force to outholde the enemie The Scottes hauing intelligence of the fortifying of Dublyne and reckening it a folye to laye siege to so impregnable a ciuitie marched towarde a place not far from Dublyne called the Salmon leape where pytching there tentes for foure dayes they remooued towardes the Naas But when the ciuitie was past this danger king Edwarde the seconde gaue straight commaundement to the citizens so builde the Abbey they rased saying that although lawes were squatted in warre yet notwithstanding they ought to be reuiued in peace Gurmund his gate harde by the cuculle or Coockolds post Some suppose that one Gurmundus buylded this gate and therof to take the name Others iudge that the Irishe assaulting the ciuitie were discomfited by the Earle of Ormonde then by good hap soiourning at Dublyne And bycause he issued out at that gate to the ende the valiaunt exployte and famous conquest of so woorthy a Potentate shoulde be engrayled in parpetuall memorie the gate bare the name of Ormonde his gate The Bridge gate S. Nicholas his gate S. Patricke hys gate Bungan hys gate The Newstreate gate S. Thomas his gate S. Iames his gate The names of the streetes bridges lanes and other notorious places in Dublyne THe Dammes stréete The Castle stréete stretching to the Pyllorie S. Verberosses stréete S. Iohn his stréete aliâs fisheshamble stréete The Skinner rew retching from the Pyllorie to the Tolehall or to the high Crosse The high streete bearing to the hygh Pype Iohn Decer This Pipe was buylded in the yeare 1308. by a woorthie Citizen named Iohn Decer being then Mayor of Dublyne He buylded not long before that tyme the bridge harde by S. Woolstans that retcheth ouer the Lyffie The Newgate stréete from the Newgate to S. Audoen his Church S. Nicholas his stréete The Wyne taberne stréete The Cookestréete The Bridge stréete This stréete wyth the greater parte of the keye was burnt in the yeare 1304. The Woodkey The Merchant key Ostmantowne so called of certayne Easterlings or Normans properly the Danes that were called Ostmanni Ostmaâ—… They planted theÌ„selues harde by the waterside néerè Dublyne discoÌ„fited at Clontarfe in a skyrmishe diuers of the Irishe 1050 The names of the Irishe Capitaynes slayne were Bryanne Borrough Miagh mack Bryen Lady Okelly Dolyne Ahertegan Gylle Barramede These were
Earle of Kyldares Rosse Ibarcan There is the thyrde Rosse on the othersyde of the water called Rosse Ibarcanne so named for that it standeth in the couÌ„trey of Kylkenny which is deuyded into thrée partes into Ibarcanne Ida and Idouth Weisforde Weisford an hauen towne not farre from Rosse I finde no great matters therof recorded but only that it is to be had in great price of all the Englishe posteritie planted in Ireland as a towne that was the first fostresse harboresse of the English conquerors Kylkenme Kilkenny the best vplandish towne or as they terme it y e proprest dry towne in IrelaÌ„d It is parted into the high towne the Irishe towne The Irish towne claymeth a corporation apart from the high town wherby great factioÌ„s growe daily betwene the inhabitants True it is that the Irish towne is the auncienter and was called the olde Kilkenny beyng vnder the bishop his becke as they are or ought to be at this present The high town was builded by the Englishe after the conquest and had a parcell of the Irishe towne therto vnited by the bishop his graunt made vnto the founders vpon their earnest request In the yere 1400. 1400. Robert Talbot a worthy gentleman Robert Talbot enclosed with walles the better part of this towne by which it was greatly fortified This gentleman deceased in y e yeare 1415. In this towne in the chore of the Frier preachers William Marshall William Marshal Erle Marshal and Erle of Penbroke was buried who departed this lyfe in the yere 1231. Richard brother to William to whome the inheritaunce descended within thrée yeres after deceased at Kilkenny beyng wounded to death in a field giuen in the heath of Kyldare in the yere 1234. the xv of Aprill 1234. was entumbed wyth hys brother according to the olde epitaph Hic comes est positus Richardê° vulnere fossus Cuius sub fossa Kilkenia continet ossa This town hath thre churches S. The churches of Kylkenny Kennies church our Ladies churche aliâs S. Maries church and S. Patrikes church with the abbey of S. Iohn S. Kennies churche is theyr chiefe and cathedrall church a worthy foundation as well for gorgeous buildinges as for notable liuyngs The GraÌ„mer schoole In the West ende of the churchyard of late haue bene founded a GraÌ„mer schoole by the right honourable Pierce or Peter Butler Erle of Ormond and Ossory Pierce Butler Margarete Fitz Girald and by his wife the countesse of Ormond the lady Margarete fitz Girald sister to Girald fitz Girald the Erle of Kyldare that last was Out of which schoole haue sprouted such proper ympes through the painefull diligeÌ„ce and the laboursame industry of a famous lettered man M. Peter White sometyme fellow of Oriall colledge in Oxford Peter whyte and schoole-maister in Kilkenny as generally the whole weale publike of Ireland and especially the southerne partes of that Island are greatly therby furthered This gentlemans methode in trayning vp youth was rare and singuler framyng the education according to the scholers vaine If he found him free he would bridle hym like a wyse Ilocrates froÌ„ his booke if he perceiued hym to be dull he would spur hym forwarde if he vnderstoode that he were y e woorse for beating he woulde win him with rewardes finally by interlacing study wyth recreation sorrow with mirth payne with pleasure sowernesse with swéetenesse roughnesse with myldenesse he had so good successe in schooling his pupils as in good sooth I may boldly byde by it that in the realme of IrelaÌ„d was no GraÌ„mer schoole so good in Englande I am well assured none better And because it was my happy happe God my parentes be thanked to haue bene one of his crewe I take it to stand with my duety sith I may not stretch myne habilitie in requiting hys good turnes yet to manifest my goodwill in remeÌ„bryng his paines And certes I acknowledge my selfe so much bound and beholding to him and his as for his sake I reuerence the meanest stone cemented in the walles of that famous schoole This town is named Kilkenny of an holy and learned Abbot called Kanicus Kylkenny why so called The lyfe of Kanicus borne in the countie of Kilkenny or as it is in some bookes recorded in Connaght This prelate beyng in his suckling yeres fostered through the prouidence of God with the 〈◊〉 of a 〈◊〉 and baptized and bishoppes by 〈◊〉 Lurâ—… thereto by Gods especiall appoyntment deputed grew into 〈◊〉 as tyme to such deuosâ—…e learnylng as he was deputed of all men to be as well a mirraâ—… of the 〈◊〉 as a pâ—…ragâ—… of the other wherof he gaue sufficient 〈◊〉 â—…re in hys mindâ—…tie For beyng 〈◊〉 to the keepyng of â—…éepe and 〈◊〉 follow shâ—…pheards wholy puâ—…ing themselues iâ—…e huskish vngaâ—… to â—…th and â—…nesse yet would he if all 〈◊〉 himselfe â—…ysed in â—…ing with Osiars and tâ—…gâ—… little woodden churches and in fashioning the furnitures thereto appertaining Beyng stepte further in yeares he made his repayre into England where cloystering himselfe in an abbey wherof one named Doctus was abbot he was wholy wedded to his books and to deuotion wherin he continued so painefull and diligent as being on a certaine time perâ—…ing a serious matter and hauing not fully drawne the fourth â—…all the abbey bell tingâ—…e to assemble the couent to some spirituall exercise To which he so hastened as he left the letter in semieâ—…clewyse vnfinished vntill he returned backe to his booke Soone after being promoted to ecclesiasticall orders he trauailed by the consent of his fellowmonkes to 〈◊〉 and in Italy he gaue such manifest profe of his pietie as to this day in some partes therof he is highly renowmed Thomas-towne Thomas fitz Antonie Thomas towne a proper town builded in the countie of Kilkenny by one Thomas fitz Antony in English man The Ieâ—… thereof name it Bally macke Andan that is y e town of fitz Antony This gentleman had issue two daughters the one of them was esâ—…ed to Denne the other maried to Archdeacon or Mackedâ—… whose heyres haue at this day the towne betweene them in cooparcenary But bicause the reader may sée in what part of the countrey the cities chiefe townes stand I take not farre amisse to place them in order as ensueth The names of the chiefe townes in Vlster Drogheda Carregfergus Downe Armach Arglash Cloagher Muneighan Doonnâ—…gaule Karreg mack Rosse Newry Carlingford Ardy Doondalke Louth The names of the chiefe townes in Leinster Dublin Balrudey Lâ—…e Swordes Tashâ—…ggard Lyâ—… Newcastle Râ—…mle Oughter arde Naas Clane Maynooth Kylcocke Rathayangan Kyldare Luianne Castletowne Philliâ—… towne Maryâ—…câ—…gh Kylcullen Castle marten Thystlederâ—… Kyles Athâ—… Catherlangh â—…helen â—…ouranne Tâ—…s â—…ne Encstyocle Cashelle Câ—…llanâ—…e Kylkenny Knocktofer Rosse Clonmelle Weiseforth Fernes Fydderd Enescorty Tathmon Wyckloe Ackloa The names of the chiefe townes in Mounster VVaterford Lismore Doongaman Yoghill Corcke Lymmerick Kylmallock
hir sight Hir beauty of kinde hir vertues from aboue Happy is he that can obteyne hir loue The corrupt Orthography that diuers vse in writing this name doth incorporate it to houses thereto linked in no kinrede and consequeÌ„tly blemisheth diuers worthy exploites atchieued as well in England and Irelande as in forreine countreis and dominioÌ„s Some write Gerolde sundry Geralde diuers very corruptly Gerrot others Gerarde But the true Orthography is Giralde as may appeare both by Giraldus Cambriense and the Italian authors that make mention of the family As for Gerrot it differeth statte from Giralde yet there be some in Irelande that name and write themselues Gerrottes notwithstanding they be Giraldines wherof diuers gentlemen are in Méeth But there is a sept of the Gerrots in IrelaÌ„d and they séeme forsooth by threatning kyndnesse and kinrede of the true Giraldines to fetch their petit degrees from their auncestours but they are so néere of bloud one to the other that two bushels of beanes woulde scantly counte theyr degrées An other reason why diuers estrange houses haue bene shuffled in among this familie was for that sundry gentlemeÌ„ at the christenyng of their children would haue them named Giraldes and yet their surnames were of other houses and if after it happened that Girald had issue Thomas Iohn Robert or such lyke then would they beare the surname of Girald as Thomas fitz Girald and thus takyng the name of their auncestors for their surname within two or thrée discantes they shooue themselues among the kinrede of the Giraldines This is a generall faulte in Ireland and Wales and a great confusion and extinguishment of houses This noble auncient family of the Giraldines haue in sundrye ages flourished in the most renoumed countries of Europe Warring fitz Giralde was one in great credite with king Iohn Matth. pari in vita Ioh. pag. 316. verl 40. I finde an other Giraldine Archiepiscopus Burdegalensis who flourished in king Henry the thirde his tyme. There was an other Giraldine Patriarch of Ierusalem 1234. in the yeare 1229. as witnesseth Mattheus ParisieÌ„sis There was one Girald of Berueyl an excelleÌ„t Poet in the Italian tongue pag. 480. an other named Baptist Girald was a famous citizen of Ferrara of the baron of Ophaly whereas the contrary ought to be inferd that if a pryuate person can tame the Irish what may theÌ„ the publique Magistrate doe that hath the Princes pay But in deede it is harde to take Hares with Foxes You must not thinke master Vescy that you were sent gouernour into Ireland to dandle your trulles to penne your selfe vp within a towne or citie to giue rebels the gaze to pill the subiects to animate traytors to fil your cofers to make your selfe by marring true men to gather the birdes whilest other beate the bushes after to impeach the nobilitie of such treasons as you onely haue committed But for as much as our mutual complaints stande vpon the one his Yea and the other hys Nay and that you would be taken for a champion and I am knowen to be no cowarde let vs in Gods name leaue lying for varlettes berdyng for ruffians facing for crakers chatting for twatlers scoldyng for callets bookyng for scriueners pleadyng for Lawyers and lette vs try with the dynt of swoorde as become martiall men to doe our mutuall quarrelles Wherfore to iustifie that I am a true subiect and that thou Vescy art an archetraytor to God and to my King here in the presence of hys highnesse and in the hearyng of this honourable assembly I challenge the combat The combat chalenged Whereat all the auditory shouted Nowe in good fayth quoth Vescye with a right good will Wherevpon bothe the parties beyng dismist vntill the Kings pleasure were further knowne it was agreed at length by the counsayle that the fittest tryal should haue bene by battayle Wherefore the parties beyng as well thereof aduertised as the day by the King appoynted no small prouision was made for so eager a combat as that was presupposed to haue bene But when the prefixed day approched neere Vescy turnyng his great boaste to small rost beganne to crye creake and secretely sayled into Fraunce â—…escye fledâ—…ed France â—…dare bestowed on the Lord Giâ—…d King Edwarde thereof aduertised bestowed Vescyes Lordships of Kyldare and Rathymgan on the Baron of Ophaly saying that albeit Vescy conueyed hys person into Fraunce yet he left his lands behind him in Ireland The firste Earle of â—…dare creâ—…ed 1â—…15 The Baron returned to Irelande with the gratulation of all his friendes and was created Earle of Kildare in the ix yeere of Edward the second his raigne the xiiij of May. He deceased at Laraghbrine a village neere to Maynooth in the yeare 1316. and was buried at Kildare so that he was Erle but one yeare The nuÌ„bers 〈◊〉 the Erles of kyldare The house of Kildare among diuers giftes wherewith God hath aboundauntly endued it is for one singuler pointe greatly to bee admired that notwithstandyng the seuerall assaults of diuers enimies in sundry ages yet this Earle that now liueth is the tenth Earle of Kildare to whom from Iohn the first Earle there hath alwayes continued a lineall descent from father to sonne which truely in mine opinion is a great blessing of God And for as much as this Erle now liuyng as his Auncesters before him haue bene shrewdly shooued at by his euill willers saying that he is able but not willyng to profite hys countrey the Poesie that is framed for him runneth in this wise Quid possim iactant quid vellem scire recusant Vtraque Reginae sint rogo nota meae His eldest sonne is Lorde Giralde L. Girald Baron of Ophaly for whom these verses are made Te pulchrum natura facit fortuna potentem Te faciat Christi norma Giralde bonum Syr Thomas Butler Erle of Ormond and Ossery Earle of Ormond The Butlers were auncient English gentlemen and worthy seruitors in all ages Theobald Butler Lorde of Carrick 1247. The Butlers as I am enformed ar fouÌ„d by auncient recordes too haue bene Earles of the Larrick 1299. Iohn Cogan were Lorde Iustices of Ireland This Butler died in the Castle of Arckelow in the yeare 1285. The Lord Theobald Butler the yonger and Sonne to the elder Theobald was sente for by Edwarde the first to serue against the Scots This noble man deceased at Turny and his body was conneighed to Wency a towne in the countie of Lymmericke Sir Edmund Butler a wise and valiaunt noble man 1309. was dubbed knight at London by Edward the second This man beyng appoynted lieuetenant of Irelande vppon the repayre of Iohn Wogan who before was Lorde Iustice to Englande 1312. besieged the Obrenies in Glyndalory and were it not that they submitted themselues to the Kyng and the Lieuetenantes mercy they had not bene onely for a season vanquisshed but also vtterly by him extirped This
and by sparing theyr mansioÌ„s whatsoeuer outrage they shew to the countrey besides them The lyke fauour do they extend to their Poetes and Rithmours Matrimony abused In olde tyme they much abused the honourable state of marriage either in contractes vnlawfull méetyng the degrées of prohibition or in diuorcementes at pleasure or in retaynyng concubines or harlots for wyues yea euen at this day where the clergy is fainte they can be content to marry for a yeare and a day of probation and at the yeres ende â—…ny tyme after to returne hir home with hir marriage â—…es or as much in valure vpon light â—…râ—… if the gentlewomans friendes â—…s vnable to reuenge the 〈◊〉 In lyke maner may she forsake hir husband Iâ—… some corner of the land they vsed a damnable superstition SuperstitioÌ„ in baptisme learnyng the riche armes of their â—…rfâ—…es vnchristened as they 〈◊〉 it to the intept it 〈◊〉 giue a 〈…〉 â—…ous 〈…〉 Ioâ—… 〈…〉 deadly blâ—…we Others â—…ste that gentlemens children were 〈◊〉 in mylke and the inâ—…es of poore folke in water whâ—… 〈◊〉 the betâ—…râ—… rather the onely choyce Diuers other vaype and erecrable superstitiâ—… they obserue that for a complete recitall Irelande why supersticious would require a seueral volume Wherto they are the more stifly wedded because such single preachers as they haue reproue not in theyr sermons the pieuishnesse and fondnesse of these â—…iualous dreamers But these and the like encomities haue taken so deepe roote 〈◊〉 that people as commonly a preacher is sooner by their naughty lyues corrupted then their naughty lyues by his preaching amended Againe the very English of birth conuersant with the sauage sort of that people become degenerate as though they had tasted of Circos poysoned cup are quite altered Such a force hath aduâ—…ation to make or marre God with the beâ—…nes of hys grace clarifie the eyes of that rude people that at leÌ„gth they may sée theyr miserable estate and also that such as are deputed to the gouernment therof bend their industry with conscionable pollicye to reduce them from rudenesse to knowledge from rebellion to obedience from trechery to honesty from sauagenesse to ciuilitie froÌ„ idlenes to labour from wickednesse to godlynesse wherby they may the sooner espy their blyndenesse acknowledge their loosenesse amende their liues frame theÌ„selues plyable to y e lawes and ordinaunces of hir Maiestie whom God with his gracious assistance preserue as wel to the prosperous gouernment of hir realme of England as to the happye reformation of hir realme of Ireland FINIS THE HISTORIE of Irelande ALthough vndoubtedlye the Originall of all nations for the more part is so vncertaine that who so euer shall enter into the searche thereof further than hee fyndeth in the holie scriptures may seeme as it were rather to talk with men that dreame than to gather authorities sufficient wherevpon to grounde any warranted opinion Idâ—…end Campâ—… Gâ—…raldus Cambrensis yet for as muche as the authors whom in this Irish hystorie we chiefly followe haue set downe what they haue founde in the Irishe antiquities concerning the firste inhabitation of this countrey of Ireland and bycause the reader also maye be peraduenture desirous to vnderstande the same we haue thoughte good to recite what they haue written thereof leauyng the credite vnto the due consideration of the circumspecte reader and where the errours are to grosse giuing by the waye some cautious in lyke sorte as oure Authours themselues haue done According therfore to the order of al other nations and people that seeke to aduaunce the glory of their countreyes in fetching their beginnyng with the farthest from some one of auncient antiquitie so lykewise the Irishmen haue registred in their Chronicles that their Countrey was firste inhabited by one of Noes neeces after this manner In the yeare of the world .1525 the Patriarke Noe began to admonish the people of vengeance to followe for their wickednesse and abhominable sinnes to buyld his arke to foreshew his kinsfolk and frendes of that vniuersal floud whiche was to come wherewith the whole face of the earthe shoulde be couered with water and that within fewe yeeres except they amended in tyme. This did he before the generall Floud one hundred and xxv â—…aâ—…a nece â—… Noe. yeeres But when euery man seemed to neglect this wholsom admonition one Cesara that was neece to Noe hearyng hir vncles fearefull prophecie doubted least the same should come to passe and therfore determined with certayne hir adherentes to seeke aduentures in some forrayne region persuading hir self that if the might finde a countrey neuer yet inhabited and so with sinne vnspotted the generall sentence of Gods wrathe should not there take effecte Whervpon rigging a nauie she committed hirself to the seas sayling foorth till at length she arriued in Irelande only with three men and fiftie women hauing loste the residue of hir companie by misfortune of sundrie shipwracks made in that hir long troubles some iourney The names of the men wer these Bythi Laigria and Fintan The coast where she fyrst set foote a lande and where also the lyeth buried is called Nauicular â—…liâ—… y t is the shipping riuage or shore The stones wherin the memorie hereof was preserued from violence of waters haue bin seene of some as they them selues haue reported but how truly I haue not to say Anno mundi 1556. Within .xl. days after hir comming a land there the vniuersall floud came and ouerflowed al that coast as well as all other partes of the worlde But where this tale bewrayeth it selfe too manifestly to be a mere vntruth if the time other circuÌ„stances be throughly examined I wil not staÌ„d longer about the proofe or disproufe therof sauing that it is sufficient as I thinke to bring it oute of credite to consider how that the Arte of sayling was vnknowne to the world before the vniuersall floud and no parte inhabited excepte the continent of Syria and thereaboutes Rab. Isaac in Gene .5 But to passe such a forged fable with the recorde thereof grauen in a stone A deuise borowed from Iosephus as some thinke it shal be sufficient for the glorie of the Irish antiquitie to graunt that Irelande was discouered and peopled by some of Noes kinrede euen with the first Ilandes of the world if they will needes haue it so as the likelyhood is great according to that whiche is sette foorth in their histories when aboute .300 Anno mundi 1557. After the beste authours make 300. yeres and not .100 betvvene Noes floud and Babell yeeres after the generall Floud immediately vpon the confusion of toungs Iaphet and his posteritie enboldened by Noes example aduentured to coÌ„mitie themselues by shippe to passe the seas and to searche out the vnknowne corners of y e world and so finding out diuers yles in these west parts of the worlde There was saye they in that retinue one of the same progenie named
of the Ladie Gennet Golding wife to sir Iohn White knight the gouernour licenced that it should be buried Skesfington deceased Sir William Skesfington a seuere and vpright Gouernour dyed shortly after at Kilmaynan to whome succeeded Lorde Deputie the Lorde Leonard Gray Leonard Gray Lord Deputie who immediately vpon the taking of his othe marched with his power towardes the confines of Mounster where Thomas Fitz Girald at that tyme remayned Breerton skirmisheth with Fitz Girald With Fitz Giralde sir William Breerton skirmished so fiercely as both the sides were rather for the great slaughter disaduantaged than eyther part by any great victorie furthered Master Brereton therefore perceyuing that rough Nettes were not the fittest to take such peart byrdes gaue his aduice to the Lorde Deputie to grow with Fitz Girald by faire meanes to some reasonable composition The Deputie liking of the motion craued a parlee sending certaine of the Englishe as hostages to Thomas hys campe with a protection directed vnto him to come and go at will and pleasure Thomas Fitz Girald submitteth himselfe to the deputy Being vpon this securitie in conference with the Lorde Gray hee was perswaded to submyt himselfe to the King his mercie with the gouernours faythfull and vndoubted promise that he should be pardoned vpon his repayre into Englande And to the ende that no trecherie might haue bene misdeemed of eyther side they both receyued the Sacrament openly in the campe The sacrament receyued as an infallible seale of the couenants and conditions of eyther part agreed Thomas sayleth into England Herevpon Thomas Fitz Giralde sore agaynst the willes of his Counsaylours dismist his armie and roade with the Deputie to Dublyn 1535 where he made short abode when hee sayled to Englande with the fauourable letters of the gouernour and the Counsayle And as hee woulde haue taken his iourney to Windsore where the Court lay He is committed to the Tower he was intercepted contrarie to his expectation in London way and conueyed with hast to the Tower And before his imprisonment were bruted letters were posted into Irelande straytly commaunding the Deputie vpon sight of them to apprehend Thomas Fitz Girald his vncles and to see them with all speede conuenient shipt into England Which the Lorde Deputie did not slacke For hauing feasted three of the Gentlemen at Kylmaynan Thomas his vncles taken immediately after their banquet as it is nowe and then seene that sweete meate will haue sowre sauce he caused them to be manacled and led as prisoners to the Castell of Dublin and the other two were so roundly snatcht vp in villages hard by as they sooner felt theyr owne captiuitie than they had notice of theyr brethrens calamitie The next winde that serued into Englande these fiue brethren were embarked to wit Iames Fitz Giralde Walter Fitz Girald Oliuer Fitz Girald Iohn Fitz Girald Richard Fitz Girald Three of these Gentlemen Iames Walter and Richarde were knowne to haue crossed their Nephew Thomas to their power in his Rebellion and therefore were not occasioned to misdoubt any daunger But such as in those dayes were enimies to the house incensed the king so sore agaynst it perswading him that he should neuer conquer Irelande as long as any Giraldine breathed in the Countrey and for making the pathway smooth he was resolued to loppe off as well the good and sounde Grapes as the wilde and fruitelesse Beries Whereby appeareth howe daungerous it is to be a rubbe when a King is disposed to sweepe an Alley Thus were the fiue brethren sayling into Englande among whome Richarde Fitz Giralde being more bookish than the rest of his brethren and one that was much giuen to the studies of antiquitie veyling his inwarde griefe with outward myrth comforted them wyth cheerefulnesse of countenance as well perswading them that offended to repose affiaunce in God and the King his mercie and such as were not of that conspiracie Innocencie a strong for t to relie to theyr innocencie which they should hold for a more safe strong Barbican than any rampire or Castell of Brasse Thus solacing the siely mourners sometyme with smiling somtime with singing sometyme with graue pithie Apophthegmes he craued of the owner the name of the Barcke who hauing answered that it was called the Cow The Cow the gentleman sore appalled thereat sayd Now good brethren I am in vtter dispaire of our returne to Ireland for I beare in mynde an olde prophecie that fiue Earles brethren should be caryed in a Cowes bellie to England and from thence neuer to returne Iames Delahyde Iames Delahyde the chiefe Counsaylour of Thomas Fitz Giralde fled into Scotlande and there deceassed To this miserable end grew this lewd rebellion which turned to y e vtter vndoing of diuerse auncient Gentlemen who trayned with fayre wordes into a fooles Paradice were not onely dispossessed of theyr landes but also depriued of theyr lyues or else forced to forsake theyr countreys Thomas Fitz Girald was not Earle of Kildare As for Thomas Fitz Giralde who as I wrote before was executed at Tyburne I would wish the carefull Reader to vnderstand that he was neuer Earle of Kildare although some wryters rather of error than of malice Stow. Pa. 434. tearme him by that name For it is knowne that his father lyued in the Towre when hee was in open Rebellion where for thought of the yong man his follye hee dyed and therefore Thomas was attaynted in a Parliament holden at Dublyn as one that was deemed reputed and taken for a traytour before his fathers deceasse by the bare name of Thomas Fitz Giralde For this hath beene obserued by the Irish Hystoriographers euer since the conquest No Earle of Kildare bare armour at any time agaynst his prince that notwithstanding all the presumptions of treason wherewith any Earle of Kyldare coulde eyther faintly be suspected or vehemently charged yet there was neuer any Erle of that house read or heard of that bare armour in the fielde agaynst his Prince Which I write not as a barrister hyred to pleade theyr cause but as a Chronicler mooued to declare the truth This Thomas Fitz Giralde The description of Thomas Fitz Giralde as before is specified was borne in Englande vpon whom nature poured beautie and fortune by byrth bestowed Nobilitie which had it beene well employed and were it not that his rare gyftes had bene blemished by his later euill qualities hee would haue proued an ympe worthie to bee engraft in so honourable a stocke Hee was of stature tall and personable in countenance amiable a white face and withall somewhat ruddie delicately in eche lymme featured a rolling tongue and a riche vtterance of nature flexible and kinde verie soone caryed where hee fansied easily with submission appeased hardly wyth stubbornnesse weyed in matters of importance an headlong hotespurre yet nathelesse taken for a yong man not deuoyde of witte were it not as
of the weale publike namely of the Lorde Crumwell it happened that through his Lordship his earnest meanes the king made maister Aylemer chiefe Iustice of his Bench in Irelande This aduauncement disliked by certaine of Waterford and Weiseforde that were not friended to the Gentleman they debaced him in suche dispitefull wise as the Earle of Shrewsburie who then was likewise Earle of Waterforde was by theyr lewde reportes caryed to chalenge the king so farre as with his duetie of allegeance he durst for bestowing so weightie an office vpon so light a person beyng such a simple Iohn at Stile as he tearmed him no wiser than Patche the late Lord Cardinall his foole The king herevpon expostulated with the Lorde Cromwell who being throughly acquainted with the Gentleman his rare wisedome aunswered that if it woulde stande with his Maiesties pleasure to enter into conference with him hee shoulde bee sure to finde him no babe notwithstanding the wrong informations of suche as laboured to thwart or crosse hym Whereto the King vpon further leysure agreed and shortly after according to his promise bestowed two or three houres with maister Aylemer who vpon the Lorde Cromwell his forewarning was so wel armed for his highnesse as he shewed himselfe in his discourse by answering ad omnia quare to be a man worthie to supplie an office of so great credite In this conference the King demaunded him what he tooke to be the chiefe occasion of disorder of Irelande and howe hee thought it might best he reformed Truly and it like your Maiestie quoth Aylmer among sundrie reasons that might be probably alledged for the decay of that your Kingdome one chiefe occasion is that certaine of your Nobilitie of this your realme of England are seysed of the better part of your Dominion in Irelande whereof they haue so little keepe as for lacke of theyr presence they suffer the sayde landes to be ouerrunne by Rebelles and traytours Wherefore if your highnesse would prouide by Acte of Parliament that all suche landes which by reason of their absence may not be defended should be to your highnesse by the consent of the Nobilitie and Communaltie graunted you might therby enrich your crown represse rebels and defend your subiects from all trayterous inuasion The king tickled with this plausible deuise yeelded maister Aylemer heartie thankes for his good counsaile and in this Parliament had the tenour thereof put in effect Which redowned chiefly to the Lorde of Shrewsburie hys disaduauntage as one that was possest of dyuerse auncient Lordshippes and Manours in that countrey The Lord Leonard Gray being then Lord Deputie forecasting the worst certified the king and counsaile of Oneal his rebellion and withall humbly besought a fresh supply of souldiors to assist the pale in resisting the enimie and that sir William Brereton who was discharged returned into Englande shoulde bee sent into Irelande VVilliam â—â—eton sent â—…nto IrelaÌ„d as one that for his late seruice was highly commended of the Countrey The King and Counsaile condiscending to the Deputie his request appoynted sir William Brereton to hie thither with speede VVilliam â—…reton sent â—… Ireland hauing the charge of two hundred and fiftie Souldiours of Chesshire men In which seruice the Gentleman was founde so prest and readie that notwithstanding in mustering his bande he fell by mishap off his horse and therewithall brake his thigh in two places yet rather than hee woulde retire homeward he appointed the Mariners to hale him vp to theyr Barke by Pulleyes and in such impotent wife arriued in Irelande suppressing the feeblenesse of his bodie with the couragious valour of his minde The Lorde Deputie in the meane while marched wyth the force of the Pale the Maior and the Citizens of Dublin to Drogheda fâ—…bai thence likewise accoÌ„panied with the Maior and Townesmen he marched Northward to Bellahoa â—â— foord of â—â—lahon where Oneale and his companie on the fartherside of the water laye encamped with the spoyle of the Pale The Deputie by Spyes and secrete Messengers hereof certified caused the armie to trauaile the better part of the nyght in so muche as by the dawning of the day they were neare the Ryuer syde where hauing escried the culmits namely Magannâ—…she and the Galloglasses that were placed there to keepe the straytes for Oneale wyth the mayne armye lurked in a Groue not farre off they beganne to sette themselues in battayle array as menne that were resolued wyth all haste and good speede to supprise the enimys wyth a sodayne charge â—…ames Fleming â—…aron of Slane At which tyme Iames Flemming Baron of Slane commonlye called blacke Iames garded wyth a rounde companye as well of horsmen as footmen humbly besought the Deputie to graunt him that day the honour of the onsette Whereto when the Lorde Gray had agreed the Baron of Slane wyth cheerefull countenaunce Robert Halfpennie imparted the obteyning of hys suyte as pleasant tydings to Robert Halfe penie who wyth his auncestours was Standers bearer to the house of Slane But Halfepennie seeing the further syde of the water so beset with armed Galloglasses as he tooke it as likely an attempt to raze downe the strongest Fort in Irelande wyth a fillippe as to rushe through suche quicke Iron walles flatlye aunswered the Baron that hee woulde rather disclayme in his office than there to gyue the onsette where there rested no hope of lyfe but an assured certaintie of death And therefore hee was not as yet so wearie of the worlde as lyke an headlong hotespurre voluntarilye to runne to hys vtter and vndoubted destruction Wherefore hee besought his Lordship to set his heart at rest and not to impute his denyall to basenesse of courage but to warynesse of safetie althoughe hee knewe none of anye stayed mynde but woulde sooner choose to sleepe in an hole sheepe hys pelte than to walke in a torne Lyon hys skinne namely when all hope of lyfe was abandoned and the certaintie of death assuredly promised The Baron with this answere at his wittes ende roade to Robert Betoa of Downeore Robert Betoa brake with him as touching Halfepennie hys determination and withall requested hym as he did tender hys honour nowe at a pinche to supply the rowme of that dastardly cowarde as he did taunt him Betoa to thys aunswered that although it stoode wyth good reason that suche as heretofore tasted the sweete in peace shoulde nowe be contented to sippe of the sowre in warre yet notwythstanding rather than the matter shoulde to hys honour lye in the dust he promised to breake through them or else to lye in the water and withall beeing surpassinglye mounted for the Baron gaue hym a choyse horse hee tooke the Standarde and wyth a sodayne showte hauing wyth him in the fore-ranke Mabe of Mabestowne who at the first brunt was slaine bee flung into the water Mabe of Mabestovvne slain and charged the Irishe that stoode on the further shore After followed the Gentlemen
and Yeomen of the Pale that wyth as great manhood charged the enimies as the enimies with courage resisted their assault To this stoutenesse were the enimies more boldly prickte in that they had the aduauntage of the shore and the gentlemen of the Pale were constrayned to bickre in the water But the longer the Irish cōtinued the more they were disaduauntaged by reason that the English were so assisted with fresh supplyes as their enimies coulde not any longer withstande them but were compelled to beare backe to forsake the bande and to giue the armie free passage King Barnevvall Basnet Fitz Simons In this conflict Mathew King Patricke Barnewall of Kylmahyocke Sir Edwarde Basnet Priest who after became Deane of Saint Patrickes in Dublin and was sworne one of the priuie Counsaile and Thomas Fitz Simons of Curduffe were reported to haue serued verie valiantly The Maiors of Dublin and Drogheda dubt Knightes Aylmer Talbot Moreouer Iames Fitz Simons Maior of Dublin Michael Cursey Maior of Drogheda Girald Ailmer chiefe Iustice Thomas Talbot of Malahide were dubbed knights in y e field But of all others the Lord Gray then Lord Deputie The valiantnesse of the Lord Gray as hee was in authoritie superiour to them all so in courage and manlynesse hee was inferiour to none He was noted by the armye to haue endured greate toyle and paine before the skirmishe by posting bareheaded from one bande to another deba◅ing the strength of the enimies enhauncing the power of the Pale depressing the reuolt of rebellious traitours extolling the good quarell of loyall subiectes offring large rewardes which with as great constancie he perfourmed as with liberalitie he promised Ouer this he bare himselfe so affable to his souldiours in vsing them like friendes and fellowes and terming thē with curteous names and mouing laughter with pleasant conceyts as they were incensed as well for the loue of the person as for the hatred of the enimie wyth resolute mindes to bicker with the Irishe In whiche conflict the Deputie was as forwarde as the moste and bequitte himselfe as valiaunt a Seruitour as the best The Gouernour turning the oportunitie of this skirmishe to his aduauntage shortly after roade to the Northe preding and spoyling Oneale with his confederates who by reason of the late ouerthrow were able to make but little resistance In this iourney he razed Saint Patricke his Churche in Doune an olde auncient Citie of Vlster and burnt the monuments of Patricke Briged and Colme who are sayd to haue bene there entumbed as before is expressed in the description of Ireland This fact lost him sundrie heartes in that coūtrey alwayes after detesting and abhorring his prophane tyrannie as they did name it Wherevpon conspyring wyth such of Mounster as were enimyes to his gouernment The Lord Gray accused they booked vp diuerse complaintes agaynste him which they did exhibit to the king and counsell The Articles of greatest importaunce layde to his charge were these In primis The articles that vvere layd to his charge that notwithstanding hee were straitly commaunded by the king his Maiestie to apprehend his kinnesman the yong Fitz Girald yet did he not onely disobey the kings letters as touching that point by playing boapepe but also had priuie conference with the said Fitz Girald and lay with him two or three seuerall nights before he departed into France Item that the chiefe cause that moued him to inueigle Thomas Fitz Giralde wyth suche fayre promyses proceeded of sette purpose to haue him cutte off to the ende there shoulde be a gap set open for the yong Fitz Girald to aspire to the Earledome of Kildare Item that hee was so greedily addicted to the pilling and polling of the King his Subiectes namelye of suche as were resiaunt in Mounster as the beddes he lay in the cuppes he dranke in the plate with which he was serued in any gentlemens house were by his seruants agaynst right and reason packe vp and caried with great extortion away Item that without any warrant from the King or Counsaile he prophaned the Church of Saint Patrickes in Doune turning it to a Stable after plucked it downe and shipt the notable ring of belles that did hang in the Steple meaning to haue sent them to Englande hadde not God of his iustice preuented hys iniquitie by sinking the Vessell and passengers wherein the sayde Belle◅ should haue bene conueyed These and the lyke Artycles were wyth such odious presumptions coloured by his accusers as the King and Counsayle remembring his late faultes and forgetting hys former seruices for commonly all men are of so harde happe that they shall bee sooner for one trespasse condemned than for a thousande good desertes commended gaue commaundement that the Lorde Gray shoulde not onely bee remooued from the gouernment of the Countrey The Lord Gray beheaded 1541 but also had him beheaded on the Tower hit the xxviij of Iune The Lorde Gray guiltlesse of the first Article But as touching the first Article that brought him most of all out of conceyte wyth the King I mooued question to the Earle of Kyldare whether the tenour thereof were true or false His Lordship thereto answered bona fide that hee neuer spake with the Lorde Gray neuer sent messenger to him nor receyued message or letter from him The daungers ◅nt happen to ◅ouernours of Prouinces Whereby may bee gathered with how many daungers they are inwrapped that gouerne Prouinces wherein diligence is thwackt with hatred negligence is loaden with tauntes seueritie with perilles menaced liberalitie with thankelesse vnkindnesse contemned conference to vndermining framed flatterie to destruction forged eche in countenaunce smyling diuerse in heart pouting open fawning secrete grudging gaping for suche as shall succeede in gouernment honouring Magistrates with cappe and knee as long as they are present and carping them with tongue and penne as soone as they are absent The Lord Leonard Gray as is aforesayd Sir VVilliam Brereton Lorde Iustice discharged sir William Brereton was constituted Lorde Iustice whose short gouernment was intangled with no little trouble For albeit he and Oneale fell to a reasonable composition yet other of the Irishe Lordings namely Oconour and his adherents that are content to liue as subiectes as long as they are not able to holde out as rebelles conspired togither and determined to assemble their power at the hyll of Fowre in west Methe and so on a sodaine to ransacke the Pale The Lorde Iustice forthwith accompanied with the armie and with two thousand of the Pale of which no small number were ecclesiasticall persons made towardes the rebelles who vpon the approche of so greate an armie gaue ground and dispersed themselues in woods and marrishes The Lorde Iustice this notwithstanding inuaded Oconour his Country burnt his tenements and made all his trenches with the multitude of Pioners so passable as foure hundred Cartes beside light cariage were led without let through the Countrey Oconnour soone
escapeth with life ibi is slain 72 Thomas erle of Desmond attainted of treason and beheaded 74 Thornebury Walter L. Chancelour elected Archbishop of Dublin drowned 52 Tirrel Hugh L. of Enocke castell with his wife taken by the Scots raunsomed 55 Tresteidermote castell builded 40 Trippitton Hugh knight 57 Tuesday fortunate to the coÌ„querors of Irelande 35.36 TurgouÌ„us with his Norwegians subdue Ireland 14. is slaine by a policie 14.15 Tute Richarde 57 V. VAriance betweene the Giraldines Butlers and Birminghams on the one side and the Powers and Burghes on the other 58 Variance betweene Kildare and Ormonde whence it proceded 77 VariaÌ„ce betwene y e Scots picts for a dog 8 Verdon Miles a valiant captaine 57 Verdon Robert raiseth a riot in Vrgile discomfiteth an army led thither by the Lord Iustice submitteth himself to prison 52 Verdon marieth Margareth one of y e daughters of Walter Lacie Lord of Meth. 44 Vesey Wil. L. Iustice appeacheth Iohn erle of Kildare of felony flieth into France is disenherited of all his lands in Kildare 47 Vesta 22 Vffert Raufe made L. Iustice 62. his rigorous dealings 62. is euill spoken of ibid. is excused ibid. Victorie too cruelly vsed 3 Vlster the reuenues thereof in K. Edwarde the thirds days 9. conquered by Curcy 38 giueÌ„ to Hugh Lacy the yonger 43. the inhabitants therof vpon the Scots inuasion of Ireland vex the subiects worse than the enimie 55. wholy possessed by the Irish 75 Vniuersitie of Dublin 57 Vriell inuaded by Oneale 85 Waffer Nicholas a Captain rebell 92.93 Wales inuaded by the Citizens of Dublin 67 Waldeley Robert Archbishop of Dublin 64 Walles townes lack occasioÌ„ of the rude wildnesse in Ireland 63 Walshe Walter Robert Walsh and Maurice Walshe captaine rebels 93 Walshe Robert 102.103 Warres betwixt Lacy and Marshall 44 Warres betwixt the Englishe of Meth and Offerolle 64 Warres betwixt the Burghs Giraldius 45 Waterford founded by Amilanus on Easterling 19. the Citizens resist Reymonde le Grace but are viscomsited and drowned 25 assaulted won by earle Strangbow ibi Welchmen their valiancie 22.23 Wetherham Abbey founded 44 Wexford besieged by Dermote king of Lemster and yeelded to him 23. giuen by him to Fitz Stephens and Fitz Girald 23. burnt 28. giuen to Erle Stangbow by Henrie the second 32. the Citizens kill 400. of the Irish rebels 59 White Iohn Conestable of Dublin Castell his good seruice 91 White Robert rayseth an vprore in Dubl 85 Wikeford Robert Archbishop of Dublin 64 William Erle Marshall marieth the daughter and heyre of Erle Strangbow 37 William Erle of Vlster murthered 60 Winter very tempestuous 31 Witches 58 Wolsey Cardinall an enimie to the Giraldines 81. hee chargeth the Erle of Kildare with treasoÌ„s 82. he sendeth a mandatum to the Lieutenant of the Tower to execute the Erle 84 FINIS Faultes and ouersightes escaped in the printing of the Hystorie of Scotlande Page .2 line .7 for .30 rede 36. The same Page and .27 lin for Mundus afterwards Brachara rede Munda and now Mondego which Cirie hight firste Brachara and after Bechle as Hector Boece hath The sane page the last marginall note for Brigantia reade Briganetiu 〈…〉 Page .5 the firste colum in the Margent ouer against the .54 line write 2208. HB and ouer against y e same line to aunswere .55 write .60 H.B. and ouer against the .56 line to answer the yeare of oure Lorde .697 write .695 H.B. The same Page colum .2 line .18 for .133 reade .1033 The same page and colum line .48 sweare reade forsweare Page .6 col 2. in the Margent ouer against the third line for .3363 reade 4867. Page .7 col 2. lines .17.19.20.21 write in the Margent .4869 H.B. to answere 3640.350 H.B. as aunswere 327.420 H. B to aunswere .420 for in the yeare of y e building of Rome Harrison Hector Boece agree 437 to aunswere .790 Page .9 colum .1 the last line robbed the Scottes to thee dead robbed the Scots laying the blame on the Pictes as if they had bin the trespasers Page .12 col 8. line .34 for were rede where Page .17 colum â—… line .21 for Laugh Bruum reade Lochbroun The same pa. colum â—… ouer against the 4â—… line write in the margent .546 H.B. to aunswere .527 yeares of Rome there in the line Page .18 col 1. line .1 for Scots and Pictes reade Scots as Pictes Page .23 col 1. line .25 and continued put out and. Page .24 col 2. line .34 his handes for feigning reade the Tirantes hands who feigning c Page 28. col 1. line 38. for further reade forthwith Page 30. col 1. line 58. for the ninthe yere reade the nine and twentith Page 31. colum 2. line 24. for Aldion reade Albion Page 38. colum 2 line 40. for Merne reade Mernes Page 44. col 2. line 54. for 54. reade 58. for so it agreeth with Maister Harrisons accompte Page 48. col 1. line 1. for with them reade with him Page 53. col 1. line 30. for Vsipithes reade Vnpites The same Page and colum line 33. and in proces put out in Page 54. col 1. line 2. for husbandmen reade pâ—â— fyshermen of the Couâ—…dey Page 57. colum 2. line 56. insteede of â—… for that he aught reade so that he mighte Page 59. colum â—… the number in the margent is set too lowe .3 shoulde aunswere .19 in the eyghth line c. Page 65. co 2. line .53 for their whole number read the whole number Page 68. col 2. lin 54. for hilles and mountaines read thicke wooddes and marishes Page 72. col 2. line 46. for superstition reade superstitious Page 89. colu 2. line 46 for Cantire reade Kile Page 89. co 2. and for and vnderstanding read so as vnderstanding Page 100. co 1. line 44. for destroye reade with The same page colâ—â— line 42. for the backe reade their backes Page 102. col 2. line â—â— for Helene Vrsula in some it is amended Page .104 col 11 line 5â—… for passed by fyre reade were put to the fyre Page 110. though wrongly noted .118 ouer against the 44. and 45. line put in the margent Conanus was also sent with the â—…chbish but he died on the Sea as they sailed thitherwards Page 119. col 2. line 32. for infarsed reade inserted Page 122. col 1. line .5.6 7. for the auncient ordinance c. read accordyng to the auncient ordinance so as the countreys beyond Humber were appoynted to remayne Page 150. col 1. line 41 42 43. for aboute the same to the Gugenius K. of Scots sent read In the beginning of his reigne he sent Page 166. col 1. line 14. for greately nowe reade holpe greatly nowe Page 178. col 2. line 45. king Edwyn put out king Page 192. col 2. line 28. for with hys ministers read with hir ministers Page 199. col 2. in the margent ouer againste the 4. line for an Englishman reade a Welchman of Sainte Dauid Page
appoynted all the people met at Swanescombe and being hidden in the woods lay priuily in wayte for the comming of the foresayde Duke William And bycause it cannot hurt to take greate heede and to be verie warie in suche cases they agreed before hande that when the Duke was come and the passages on euery side stopped to the ende he should no way be able to escape euerye one of them as well horsemen as footemen should beare boughes in their handes The next daye after when the Duke was come into the fieldes and territories neare vnto Swanescombe and sawe all the Countrey sette and placed about him as it had beene a styrring and moouing Woodde and that with a meane pace they approched and drewe neare vnto him with great discomforte of minde he wondered at that sight And assoone as the Captaynes of the Kentish men sawe that Duke William was enclosed in the middest of theyr armie they caused the Trumpettes to bee sounded theyr Banners to bee displayed and threwe downe theyr boughes and wyth theyr Bowes bent theyr Swordes drawne and theyr Speares and other kind of weapons stretched forth they shewed themselues readie to fight Duke William and they that were wyth him stoode as no maruayle it was sore astonied and amazed And he which thought that he had alreadie â—…llâ—… Englande fast in his fyst did nowe dispayre of his owne liâ—â— Therefore on the behalfe of the Kentishe men were sente vnto Duke William the Archcbishop Stigande and Eglesin Abbot of Saint Augustins who told him theyr message in this sort My Lorde Duke beholde the people of Kent commeth forth to meete you and to receyue you as theyr liege Lorde requiring at your handes the thinges which perteyne to peace and that vnder this condition that all the people of Kent enioy for euer their auncient liberties and maye for euermore vse the lawes and customes of the Countrey otherwise they are readie presently to bidde battaile to you and them that hee with you and are mynded rather to die here altogither than to departe from the lawes and customes of theyr Countrey and to submitte themselues to bondage whereof as yet they neuer had experience The Duke seeing himselfe to bee driuen to such a stayghte and narrowe Pinche consulted a while with them that came with him prudently considering that is he shoulde take any repulse or displeasure at the handes of this people which be the Key of Englande all that euer he had done before shoulde be vndone againe and of no effect and all his hope and safetie shoulde stande in daunger and ieopardie not so willingly as wiselye hee graunted the people of Kent theyr request So when the couenant was established and pledges giuen on bothe sydes The Kentishe men beeing ioyfull conducted the Normans who also were glad vnto Rochester and yeelded vp to the Duke the Earledome of Kent and the noble Castell of Douer Thus the auncient liberties of Englande and the lawes and customes of the Countrey The auncient liberties and lawes of Englande remaine in Kent onely which before the comming of Duke William out of Normandie were equally kepte throughoute all englande doe throughe this industrie and earnest trauayle of the Archebyshoppe Stigande and Egelsin Abbot of Sainte Augustines remaine inuiolably obserued vntyll thys day within that Countie of Kent Thus farre Thomas Spot VVil. Thorne and after him William Thorne wryteth the same Of the which the former that is Spotte liued in the dayes of King Edwarde the first and William Thorne in the dayes of King Richarde the seconde But nowe before we proceede any further in recitall of the Conquerours doings we haue here in a Table noted all the noble Captaynes and Gentlemen of name aswell Normans as other straungers which assisted Duke William in the conquest of this land And first as we finde them written in the Chronicles of Normandie by one William Tailleur The Catalogue of such Noble men Lordes and Gentlemen of name as came into this lande with VVilliam Conquerour Odd Bishoppe of Bayeulx Robert Earle of Mortaing Roger Earle of Beaumont surnamed a la Barbe Guillaume Mallet seigneur de Montfort Henrie seigneur de Ferrers Guillaume d'Aubellemare seig de Fougieres Guillaume de Rountare seig de Lithare Le seigneur de Tonque Le seig de la Mare Neel le Viconte Guillaume de Vepont Le seig de Magneuille Le seigneur de Grosmenil Le seigneur de Saint Martin Le seig de Puis Guillaume Crespin Guillaume de Moyenne Guillaume Desmoullins Guillaume Desgarennes Hue de Gourney alias Geneuay Le seig de Bray Le seig de Gouy Le seig de Laigle Le seigneur de Tovarts Le seigneur de Aurenchin Le seig de Vitrey Le seigneur de Trassy alias Tracy Le seigneur de Picquigny Le seigneur d'Espinay Osmond seigneur du Pout Le seigneur de Estoutevile Le seigneur de Torchy Le seigneur de Barnabost Le seigneur de Brebal Le seig de Seeulme Le seigneur du Houme Le seigneur de Souchoy Le seig de Cally. Le seigneur de la Riuere Euldes de Beauieu Le seigneur de Roumilly Le seig de Glotz Le seig du Sap. Le seigneur de Vanville Le seigneur de Branchou Le seigneur Balleul Le seigneur de Beausault Le seig de Telleres Le seig de Senlys Le seigneur de Bacqueuille Le seig de Preaulx Le seig de Iouy Le seigneur de Longueuille Le seig d'Aquigny Le seigneur de Passy Le seig de Tournay Le seig de Colombieres Le seig de Bollebet Le seig de Garensieres Le seig de Longueile Le seig de Houdetot Le seig de Malletot Le s de la Haie Malerbe Le sei de Porch Pinche Le seig de Ivetot The erle of TaÌ„quervile The erle d'Eu The erle d'Arques The erle of Aniou The erle of Neuers Le seig de Rouuile Le prince de Alemaigne Le seig de Pauilly Le seig de S. Cler Le seig d'Espinay Le seig de Bremetot Alain Fergant Earle of Britaigne Le seig de la Ferte Robert fils Heruays duc de Orleans Le seig de la Lande Le seig de Mortimer Le seig de Clere Le seig de Magny Le seig de Fontnay Roger de Montgomery Amaury de Touars Le seig de Hacquevile Le seig de Neanshou Le seig de Perou Robert de Beaufou Le seig Deauvon Le seig de Sotevile Eustace de Ambleville Geoffray Bournom Le seig de Blainvile Le seig de Mannevile Geoffrey de Moyenne Auffray and Mauger de Carteny Le seig de Freanvile Le seig de Moubray Le seig de Iafitay Guillaume Patays siegneur de la Lande Eulde de Mortimer Hue erle of Gournay Egremont de Laigle Richard d'Aurinchin Le seig de Bearts Le seig de Soulligny e Bouteclier d'Aubigny Le seig de Marcey Le seig de Lachy Le seig de Valdere Eulde de
those townes which yet remayned vnder his obeysaunce for he putte no greate confidence in the people of that countrey the whiche of custome beeing vexed with continuall warre were constrained not by will but by the change of tymes one whyle to holde on the Frenche syde and an other while of the Englishe In deede the Townes namely those that hadde their situation vppon the Sea coastes were so destroyed and decayed in theyr walles and fortifications that they coulde not long bee anye greate ayde to eyther parte and therefore beyng not of force to holde oute they were compelled to obeye one or an other where by their willes they wold haue doone otherwyse And this was the cause that the king of Englande oftentymes vppon truste of these townes whiche for the moste were readie to receyue hym was broughte into some hope to recouer his losses and chiefly for that he was so manye tymes procured to attempte his fortune there at the requeste of the fickle mynded Poyctouins who whylest they dydde seeke styll to purge theyr offences to the one Kyng or to the other they dayely by newe treasons defamed theyr credit and so by suche meanes the king of Englande oftentymes with small aduantage or none at all made warre against the French Kyng in truste of theyr ayde that coulde or vppon the least occasion conceyued quickely woulde doe little to his furtheraunce And so therby Kyng Henry aswell as his father Kyng Iohn was oftentymes deceyued of his vaine conceyued hope In this seuen and twentith yeare of Kyng Henryes raygne dyuers noble personages departed this lyfe ◅eath of noble ◅n and firste aboute the beginning of Ianuarye deceassed the Lord Richard de Burghe a man of greate honoure and estimation in Irelande where he helde many faire possessions by conqueste of that noble Gentleman his worthye father Also that valiaunt warriour Hughe Lacye ◅gh Lacy. who had conquered in hys tyme a greate parte of Irelande Also the same yeare the seuenth of Maye Hughe de Albeney Earle of Arundell departed this life in the middest of his youthfull yeares and was buried in the Priorie of Wimundham whiche his auncetores had founded After his deceasse that noble heritage was deuided by partition amongest foure sisters Also aboute the same tyme to wit on the twelfthe daye of Maye Hubert de Broughe Earle of Kent departed this life at his Manor of Banslude and his bodye was conueyed to London and there buryed in the Churche of the Friers preachers vnto the whiche Fryers he had bene verie beneficiall And amongest other things hee gaue vnto them his goodlye Pallace at Westminster adioyning neare to the Pallace of the Earle of Cornewall whyche the Archebishoppe of Yorke afterwardes purchased ◅ Fabian The Monkes of the Cisteaux were this yeare somewhat vexed by the Kyng bycause they had refused to aide hym with money towardes his iourney made into Gascoyne ◅ath Paris Also the pleas of the Crowne were kepte and holden in the Towre of London And in the nighte of the sixe and twentyth daye of Iuly starres were seene fall from the skye after a maruellous sort ◅arres fallen ◅er a straunge ◅ner not after the common maner but thyrtye or fortye at once so faste one after an other and glaunsing to and fro that if ther had fallen so many verye starres in deed there woulde none haue bene lefte in the firmament An. reg 28. ◅he ◅ountesse Pro◅ance ◅other to the ◅eene com◅nouer into ◅glande In the eighte and twentye yeare of Kyng Henryes raygne the Quenes mother the Ladye Beatrice Countesse of Prouaunce arryued at Douer on the fourteenthe daye of Nouember bringing with hir the Ladye Sancta her daughter and in the octaues of saint Martine they were receyued into London in moste solemne wise the streetes beeing hanged wyth ryche clothes as the maner is at the coronations of Princes On Saint Clementes daye Rycharde Earle of Cornewall the Kings brother marryed the saide Ladie Sanctia The Earle of Cornvvall maried to the Lady Sanctia whych mariage was solemnised in moste royall wise and with suche sumptuous feastes and banquetings as greater coulde not be deuised Finally the Quenes mother the Countesse of Prouance being a righte notable and worthie Lady was honored in euery degree of hir sonne in lawe king Henry in most curteous and sumptuous manner and at hir departure out of the realme which was after Christmasse she was wyth moste riche and Princely gyftes honorably rewarded Aboute the same tyme also VVilliā Ralegh bishop of Norvviche where as William de Ralegh was requested to remoue from the sea of Norwyche vnto Wynchester and consentyng therevnto without the Kyngs lycence obtained his confirmation of the Pope The king was highly displeased therwith He is consecrated bishop of VVinchester by the Pope bycause he ment it to an other Whervpon when the sayde Wyllyam Ralegh was retourned from Rome to be installed the Kyng sente commaundement to the Mayor and Citizens of Winchester that they shoulde not suffer him to enter the Citie Wherevppon hee beeing so kept out accursed bothe the Citie and the Cathedrall Churche with all the Monkes and others that fauoured the Prior whiche had intruded himselfe onely by the Kyngs aucthoritie and not by lawefull election and meanes as was supposed At length the sayde Bishoppe vpon griefe conceyued that the Kyng shoulde bee so heauy Lorde vnto him got into a shippe at London 1244. and stale awaye into Fraunce where of the Frenche Kyng hee was well receyued He stealeth out of the realme and greatly cherished Also he found suche meanes that the Pope in fauour of his cause wrote letters bothe to the Kyng and to the Quene namyng hir hys cosin but whyche waye that kinred should come aboute as yet it was neuer knowen The Bishoppe to shewe hym selfe not vnthankefull for suche friendeshyppe He giueth to the Pope 6000 markes gaue to the Pope aboue sixe thousande Markes as is saide and the Pope bycause he woulde not be accompted a disdainefull person turned not backe one pennye of that whiche was so gently offred hym At lengthe partely at contemplation of the Popes letters and partly by reason the Bishoppe humbled himselfe in aunswering the articles whyche the Kyng had obiected agaynste hym in cause of the controuersie beetwixte them he graunted hym his peace and receyued hym into the lande restoryng to hym all that had bin taken and deteyned from hym Moreouer in this meane while the Pope trusting more than inoughe vpon the Kyngs simplicitie and patience who in deede durste not in any case seeme to displease him had sente an other Collector of money into Englande named Martin Martine the Popes Collectour not adorned wyth power Legantine but furnished wyth suche auctorities and faculties as had not bene heard of He was lodged in the Temple where he shewed what commyssion hee had to gather vp the Popes reuenues and to exacte money by sundry
wherof when the bishoppes was certified with â—…l speede he marched thither and commyng to the place where the Flemmings to the number of more thaâ—… thousand were aranged withoute the towre An â—…lde of â—…ts sente to the Fleminges by the Bishop of Norvviche 〈◊〉 sâ—… he sent an herauld vnto them to know the truthe of whether Pope they helde but the rude people not vnderstaÌ„ding what appertained to the law of armes ranne vpon the heraulde at his approching to them and slewe him beforâ—…â—…e could beginne to tell his tale The englishmen herewith enflamed determined either to reuenge the death of their heraulde or to dye for it and therwith ordered their battailes ready to fight and being not aboue .v. M. fighting men in all Tâ—… VVal. the bishoppe placed hymselfe ammongest the horsemen and sâ—…t the footmen in a battaile marshalled wedge wyse broade behind and sharpe before The order of the Bishoppe of Norvviche 〈◊〉 battaile againste the Fleâ—…ges hauing wyth them a hâ—…nner wherin the crosse was beaten The archers were raunged on eyther side The standeâ—…de of the church went before the fielde gewles and two keys siluer signifying that they were souldiours of Pope Vrbane Moreouer the Bishop had his penon there Siluer and azure quarterly 〈◊〉 freâ—…t gold on the azure a bend gules on the siluer and bicause he was yongest of the SpeÌ„cers he bare a border gâ—…les for a difference At the approching of the battayles togither the trumpets blew vp and the archers beganne to shoot against the battayle of the Flemmings the which valiantly defeÌ„ded themselues and fought egrely a long time but at length they were so galled with arrowes which the archers shot at them a flanke that they were not able to endure but were compelled to giue back They were deuided into two battails a vaward a rerewarde When the vaward began to shrinke the rerewarde also brake order and fled but the Englishmen pursued them so fast The Flemings â—…icorized by the englishmen that they could not escape but were ouertaken and slaine in great numbers Some say there dyed of them in the battayle chase v. thousand some .vj. thousand and other write 〈◊〉 Meir that there were .ix. thousand of them slain and Tho. Wals affirmeth .xij. M. Many of theÌ„ fled into the Towne of Dunkirke for fâ—…re coure Froissart but the Englishmen pursued them so egerly that they entred the town with theÌ„ slew theÌ„ downe in the streetes The Flemmings in diuers places gathered themselues togither againe as they fled and shewed countenance of defence but stil they were driuen out of order and brought to confusion Tho. VVals Priests reliâ—…oâ—â— men harâ—… 〈◊〉 The Priestes and religious men thâ—… were with the Bishoppe fought most egrely some one of them slaying .xvj. of the enimies Theâ—…â—…ed of Englishmen as this battâ—… about 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 had no 〈◊〉 â—…men amongest them Iames Meir 〈…〉 the men for they 〈…〉 of the â—…glish 〈…〉 come to mâ—… battayle with them but keping 〈…〉 coÌ„mons 〈◊〉 countrey in â—…de to tryâ—… what they against 〈◊〉 Englishmen 〈◊〉 able to doe without them This battaile was fought vpon a Mâ—…e being the 〈◊〉 of May. 〈…〉 was 〈◊〉 a wonderfull 〈…〉 townes and 〈…〉 some yelded theâ—… 〈◊〉 Englishmen 〈◊〉 Bergheâ—… and others Some 〈…〉 as the castel of Driâ—…htâ—… 〈…〉 of S. â—…nant The EnglishmeÌ„ subdue diuers tovvns in FlaÌ„ders spoyle the countrey The tovvne of Ipre besieged T. oâ—… shorte the Englishmenne became maisters of all 〈…〉 the sea sides euen from Grauelyn to 〈◊〉 got 〈◊〉 â—…ches by pillage and spoile 〈◊〉 â—…ould dost with for greater 〈◊〉 did 〈◊〉 that they 〈◊〉 in maner all the close to 〈◊〉 withâ—… 〈◊〉 â—…yliâ—… wickes of 〈◊〉 of â—…ring Messâ—…nes 〈◊〉 Furneys with the townes of 〈…〉 berke and dyuers other 〈…〉 the woods of 〈…〉 bootie of 〈…〉 as greate sorte of prisoners of the 〈◊〉 people whiche were fledde into those 〈◊〉 for fâ—…re of the enimies but the Englishmen â—…ng the 〈…〉 good bloud 〈…〉 their booties and pray vnto Graâ—…lin and Biâ—…huâ—…e The eigthe daye of â—…uke they caâ—… before the townes Iâ—…re and layde 〈◊〉 therein The maner of fortifying 〈◊〉 tovvnes in old tyme. wherat they continued the space of it weekes Thyther came to their ayde .xx. M. Gaunâ—…rs bilder the leadyng of Frauncis Aâ—…eman Peter Wood and Peter Wynâ—…er 〈◊〉 they withâ—… Ipre were straightely basieged â—…t there were within it in garnisoâ—… diuers valiaunt knyghtes and Capitains which defended the towne right manfully It was fenâ—…d with a mighte â—…pire and a thicke hedge trimly plaâ—… wound wyth 〈◊〉 as the manner of fortifying townes was in auncient time amongst them in that countrey was 〈…〉 Dâ—…yng the tyme that the siege â—…ye before Ipre the Englishmen 〈◊〉 abroade in the couÌ„trey for when it was ones known what good successe the first companie that wentâ—… ouer had found theâ—… came dayly forth of England greate others to be partakers of the gain sir Io. Philpot y t fauored the bishope iorney Hope of gayne encourageth 〈…〉 prouided theyr of vesselles for theyr Passage till the Bishop â—…derstandyng that the more parte of those that came thâ—…s ouer were vnarmed and broughte nothyng wyth them from home but onely swordes bowes and arrowes did write vnto the sayde sir Iohn Philpot that he shoulde suffer none to passe the seas but such as were men able and likely to do seruice where a great number of those that were come to hym were fitte for nothing but to consume victuals The multitude of Englishemen and Galitiners at this siege was great so that diuers skirmishes chanced betwixt them and such as were appointed by the Earle to lie in garnisons about in the country against them but still the victorie aboade on the Englishe side Also there was an English priest Iac. Meir one sir Iohn Boring that wente to Gaunt with .v. C. English Archers by whose ayde Arnold Hans one of the captains of GauÌ„t ouercame his enimies in battail which were laid in a castel nere to the hauen of Alloste and stopped that no victuals mighte safely come oute of Holland or Zeland to be conueyd vnto Gaunt The Erle of Flaunders was not wel contented in his mynd An. reg 7. that the Englishmen were thus entred into his countrey and therfore he earnestly laboured to the Duke of Burgogne that had maryed his daughter and shoulde be heire of all his dominions and seigniories after his deceasse to find some remedie in the matter The Duke whome the matter touched so neere The french K. coÌ„meth dovvn vvith a â—…nightie armie to raise the siege at Ipre did so much with his nephue the Frenche king that eftsoones he raysed his whole puissance and came downe into Flanders so that the EnglishmeÌ„ perceiuing themselues not of power to encounter with this huge and mightie armie were constrayned after a great assault whiche they gaue the .viij. of August The
ye haue heard Whilest hee was busie in sending abroade to his friends to leauie an armie he was aduertised that the commotion in the North was pacified for after that it was knowen abroade howe hee had obteyned the victorie as well at Tewkesburie as at Barnet and in manner subdued al his enimies the Captaynes that had stirred the people to that Rebellion began to quayle and forsaking their companies dyuers of them made sute to the Earle of Northumberlande that it mighte please him to be a mediator to the King for their pardon 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 Mâ—…he â—…d so that now there was no Rebellion in all the North partes but that as well the Citie of Yorke as all other places were at the Kings commaundement readie in al things to obey him 〈◊〉 â—…le of â—…berâ—… as true and loyall subiects And this was confirmed by the Earle of Northumberlands owne mouth who on the fourteenth of May came to the King as yet remayning at Couentrie by reason wherof it was not thought needefull that the King shoulde trauell any further Northwarde at that time either about the pacifying of the people or to see execution done vpon the offendors sith all was there in good tranquilitie and quiet But now when al things seemed to be at rest and no Rebellion after so happie victories doubted newes came to him before his commyng to Couentrie 〈◊〉 Neâ—…erde â—…idge from the Lords of his bloud abiding at London that one Thomas Neuill basterde sonne to that valiant Captayne the Lord Thomas Fawconbridge who had lately before bene sente to the Sea by the Earle of Warwike and after fallen to practise piracie had spoyled dyuers Merchante Shyppes Portingalles and others in breache of the auncient amitie that long had continued betwixte the Realmes of England and Portingale and furthermore had now got to him a greate number of Marriners out of all parts of the lande and manye traitors and misgouerned people from each quarter of the Realme besyde dyuers also forth of other countreys that delighted in theft and robberies meaning to worke some exployte againste the King and verily his puissance increased dayly for hauing bin at Calais and broughte from thence into Kente many euill disposed persons he began to gather his power in that Countrey meaning as was thoughte to attempte some great and wicked enterprise After the Kings comming to Couentrie The baseâ—…de Fauconbridge before London wyth an army hee receiued aduertisementes that this basterd was come before London with many thousandes of men by lande and also in Shippes by water purposing to robbe and spoyle the Citie Many Kentishmen were willing to assist hym in thys mischeuous enterprise and other were forced againste their willes to goe with him or else to ayde hym with their substance and money in so much that within a short time he had got togyther sixteene or seauenteene thousande men as they accompted theÌ„selues with whome he came before the Citie of London the twelfth of May in the quarrell as he pretended of King Henry whome hee also meant to haue out of the tower and to restore him againe vnto his Crowne and royall dignitie and for that intente he required to enter the Citie with his people that receyuing King Henrye forth of the Tower they myghte passe with him thorough the Citie and so to march straight towards King Edward whose destruction they vowed to pursue with all theyr vttermost indeuors But the Maior and Aldermen of the Citie woulde not in any wise agree to satisfie theyr request heerein vtterly refusing to receyue him or any of his company into the Citie King Edwarde from tyme to time by postes was enformed of all these doyngs and by aduise of counsell the fourteenth of May sent to the succoures of the Maior and Aldermen Succours sent to the Citie of London a fifteene hundred of the choysest soldiers he hadde about him that they myghte help to resist the enimies till hee had got such an armie togyther as was thoughte necessarie meaning with all conuenient speede to come therewith to the rescue of the Citie and preseruation of the Quene Prince and his daughters that were within the Tower not in very good safegard considering the euill dispositions of many within the Citie of London that for the fauour they had borne to the Earle of Warwike and desire to bee partakers of the spoyle cared not if the basterd myghte haue atteyned to his full purpose and wished intente The sixtenth of May King Edwarde sette forth of Couentrie towardes London But here yee haue to vnderstand that when the basterde coulde not be receiued into the Citie neyther by gentle perswasions nor greeuous threatnings he made semblaunce to passe ouer the Thaymes at Kingston bridge a tenne miles from LondoÌ„ and thitherwards hee drewe with his whole power by lande leauing hys Shippes afore Saint Katherines and thereaboutes The basterdes purpose to spoile the suburbs of London His preteÌ„ce was to spoyle and destroy Westminster and the suburbes of the Citie on that side and after to assault the Citie it selfe to trie if he might enter by force and so to bee reuenged of the Citizens that had refused to receyue hym but as he was onwards vppon this iourney hee was aduertised that Kyng Edward was preparing to come forwardes agaynst hym assisted in manner The basterd altereth his purpose with al the great Lords of y e realme and others in great number more than he hadde bin at any time before by reason whereof doubting what myghte followe if passing the ryuer he shoulde fortune so to be enclosed that he shuld be driuen thereby to encounter with the Kyngs power at such oddes hee thought it best to alter his purpose and so returning came backe agayne before London and mustered hys people in Saint Georges field araunged and placed in one entier battaile and to the intent they might worke theyr purposed feate before the Kinges comming to the rescue they resolued with all theyr forces to assault the Citie and to enter it if they could by playne strength that putting it to the sacke they mighte conuey the riches to theyr Shyppes whyche lay in the Riuer betwixte Sainte Katherins and Blacke wall neere to Ratcliffe heerevpon hauing broughte certayne peeces of artillerie forth of theyr Ships they planted the same alongst the water syde ryghte ouer agaynste the Citie and shotte off lustely to annoy them within so muche as was possible but the Citizens on the other side lodged their great artillerie againste their aduersaries and with violente shotte thereof â–ª so galled them that they durst not abide in anye place alongst the water syde but were driuen euen from theyr owne ordinance The basterd yet meanyng not to leaue anye way vnassayed that myghte aduance hys purpose The basterde meaneth to enter the City by force appoynted a greate number of hys retinue to set fire on the bridge so to open the passage and to enter into
Doctor Pace and one that gaue in counsayle faithfull aduice Learnes he was also endowed with many excellent good giftes of nature courteous pleasant and delighting in musicke highly in the kings fauour and well heard in matters of weight But the more the Prince fauoured him the more was he misliked of the Cardinall who sought only to beare all the rule himself and to haue no partner so that he procured that this doctor Pace vnder coulour of Ambassades to be sent forth of the Realme that his presence about the King should not win him too muche authoritie and fauour at the kings hands Hall Doctor Tunstall made Byshop of London This yeare was a great death in London and other places of the Realme Many men of honor and great worship dyed and amongst other the Bishop of London doctor Fitz Iames in whose place was doctor Tunstall elected The Earle of Surrey returned out of Ireland and came to the court the fiue and twentith of Ianuary 1523 Many complaintes were made by the Merchaunts to the King and his counsaile of the Frenchmen which spoyled them by sea of their goodes for by reason that the warres were open betwixte the Emperour and the French King many shippes of warre were abroade 〈…〉 on both partes and nowe and then the Englishmen fell into their handes and were vsed as enimies namely by the French men which naturally hated the Englishmen The Frenche Kings Ambassadors promised â—…stitution of euery thing bâ—…esse was restored In this moneth of Ianuary therefore the King commaunded all his Shippes to be rigged and made ready whiche was done with all diligence The seconde daye of February The title of defendor of the faith 〈◊〉 the King England 〈◊〉 his 〈…〉 euer the King as then being at Grâ—…ewiâ—…h 〈◊〉 a Bull from the Pope whereby hee was declared defendor of the Christian faith and likewise his successors for euer The Cardinal of Yorke sang the high Masse that day with all the pompous â—…sâ—…itie that might be and gaue cleane remission of sinnes to all that heard it In this meane time grudges and displeasures still grew and increased betwixt the King of England and the French King so that their greetes rancled dayly more and more till at length the Duke of Albany returned into Scotlande contrary to that whiche was couenaunted by the league The french King indeede alledged that hee was not priuie to his gayng thither and wrote to the King that the sayde Duke was entred Scotland without his assent but it was otherwise iudged and knowen that he had commission of the French K. to goe thyther Heerevpon the K. was sore offended and prepared for warres musâ—…ers were made of able men and a note taken of what substance men were of The King also seâ—… sixe shippes to the sea wel trimmed maned and vitailed Christopher Coo. The Admirall was one Christopher Coo an expert sea man His commission was to sauegard y e merchants other the kings subiects that were greeuously spoyled and robbed on the sea by French men Scottes and other rouers The eighth of February the Lord Dacres warden of the marches fore ancinst Scotlande entred into Scotland with fiue C. men by the kings commaundemente and there proclaimed that the Scottes should come in to the kings peace by the firste of March following or else to stand at their perils the D. of Albany being then within fiue miles with a mighty power of Scottes The Lord of Burgeyâ—…y araigned at Westminster The eleuenth of Februarye the L. AburgueÌ„nie was brought from the Tower to Westminster and there in the kings bench confessed his enditement of misprision The Lord Montagewe was aboute the same time restored to the kings fauour The second of Marche certaine noble men of the Empire ariued in Englande to passe into Spayne who were honorably receyued and in honor of them greate iustes and triumphes were made which beeing finished and done they tooke theyr leaue and departed on their iourney A Scottish rouer called Duncane Camell after long fight was taken on the Sea by Iohn Arundell an esquier of Cornewall who presented hym to the K. He was committed to the Tower and there remayned prisoner a long season All the Kings shippes were putte in a readinesse so that by the beginning of Aprill they were rigged and trimmed ready to make saile This yeare dyed the L. Broke sir Edward Poinings Knight of the garter sir Iohn Pechy sir Edw. Belknap valiant Captaines which were suspected to be poisoned at a banket made at Arde when the two kings met last â—…e dearthe 〈◊〉 Wheate was solde this yeare in the Citie of LondoÌ„ for twenty shillings a quarter and in other places for .26 shillings eyghte pence In this yeare Gawan Dowglas Bishop of Dunkell fled out of Scotland into England bicause the D. of Albany being come thither had takeÌ„ vpon him the whole gouernement of the K. and Realme there the sequeale of whose doings this B. sore mistrusted The K. assigned to thys B. an honest pension to liue on And shortly after â—…caux 〈◊〉 into Scotlande was ClareÌ„ceaux y e Herrault sent into Scotland to the D. of Albany to commaund him to auoid that Realme for diuers considerations if he would not then to defie him sith contrary to the articles of the league concluded betwixte France and England he was entred Scotland without his licence The D. refused to accomplish the kings commandement and was therefore defyed by the saide Clarenceaux The sixth of Marche The Frenche King attacheth the Englishemen goodes 〈◊〉 burdeaux the french K. commanded all Englishmens goods being in Burdeaux to bee attached and put vnder arrest and reteined not only the money due to bee paide for the restitution of Tourney but also withheld the french Queenes dower â—…dor The Cardinall vnderstanding that he was euill spoken of for vsing his power legantine to suche aduantage as he did in selling graces and dispensations The Cardinals â—…rie he thought to bestowe some parte therof amongst the people freely without taking any thing for the same and therevppon when Lent drew neere he appointed the Preachers at Paules crosse to declare that it should be lawful to all persons for that Lent season to eate milke butter cheese and egges and to the ende that no man shoulde haue any scrupulousnesse of conscience in so doing hee by his authoritie graunted remission of sinnes to all those that did rate such white meates knowing as it were afore hande that the people gyuen to the obseruance of theyr religious fast woulde not easily bee broughte to breake the same contrarye to the auntiente custome vsed in their countrey Neyther was he deceiued therein for so farre were the people from receiuing or accompting this as a benefyte that they tooke it rather for a wicked and cursed dede in those y t receiue it and fewe or almost none coulde he enduce to breake their olde order and scrupulous
grace who elighted out of hir 〈…〉 the which shee had rid al hir long iourney and with courteous demeanor and louing countenaunce gaue to theÌ„ harty thaÌ„ks kissed theÌ„ 〈…〉 couÌ„sailers officers kissed hir haÌ„d 〈…〉 she with al the ladies entred the tents and there warmed them a space When the king knewe that she was arryued in hir Tent he with all diligence set oute through the Parke And first issued the Kings Trumpets then the Kings officers sworne of his Counsayle next after came the Gentlemen of his priuie Chamber after them followed Barons the yongest fyrst and sir William Hollis Lorde Maior of London rode with the Lorde Par that was the yongest Baron Then followed the Bishoppes and immediately after them the Earles and then the Duke of Baâ—…re and Countie Palatine of the Rhyne wyth the liuerey of the Toyson or golden street about his necke Then came the Ambassadours of the French king and Emperour next to whome followed the Lorde prime Seale Lorde Cromwell and the Lorde Chaâ—… 〈◊〉 then â—…arâ—… King at armes and the other officers and Sergeantes of armes gaue their attendaunce on eche side the Lordes The Lorde Marques Dorset bare the sword of estate and after him a good distance folowed the Kings highnesse mounted on a goodly Courser To speake of the riche and gorgeous apparell that was there to bee seene that daye I haue thought it not greatly necessarie sithe eche man may well thinke it was right sumptuous and as the time then serued very fayre and costly as they that are desirous to vnderstande the same maye reade in Maister Halles Chronicle more at large which in this part I haue thought good to abridge After the King followed the Lord Chamberlayne then came sir Anthonie Browne maister of his horse a goodly gentleman and of personage very seemely richly mounted and leading the kings horse of estate by a long reyne of Gold Then followed his Pages of honour ryding on great Coursers and lastly followed sir Anthony Wingfielde Captaine of the Garde and then the Garde well horsed and in their rich coates In this order roade the king till hee came to the last ende of the ranke of the Pencioners and there euery person that came with him placed him selfe on the one syde or the other the King standing in the middest When hir Grace vnderstoode that the King was come she came forth of hir Tent and at the doore thereof being set on a fayre and beautifull horse richly trapped road forth towards the king who perceyuing hir to approch came forwarde somewhat beyonde the Crosse on Blackheath and there stayed tyll shee came nearer and then putting of his cap he made forwarde to hir and with most louing countenance and princely behauiour The meeting of the king the lady Anne of Cleue on Blackheath saluted welcomed and imbraced hir to the great reioysing of the beholders and the likewise not forgetting hir dutie with most amiable aspect and womanly behauior receiued him with many apt wordes and thankes as was most to purpose Whilest they were thus talking togyther the 50. Pencioners with the gard departed to furnish the hall at Greenwich After the king had talked with his armie while he put hir on his right haÌ„d and so wish their footmen they road togither and with then compâ—…es being thus â—…t returned in this maner through the rankes of the knightes and Esquiers which stood still all this while and remoued not First hir Trumpet see forwarde being .xij. in number beside two 〈◊〉 drummes on horseback Then followed the Kings Trumpellers then the Kings Counsaylers then the Gentlemen of the prince Chamber after them the Gentlemen of hir Graces Countrey in coates of Velueâ—… and all on great horses Then the Maior of London with the yongest baron then all the Barons next them the Bishops then the Erles with whoÌ„ road the Earles of Ouersteyne and Walâ—…er hir Countrymen then the dukes of Norffolke and Suffolk and the Archbishop of Canterbury and duke Philip of Bauier next folowed the Ambassadors then the Lorde priuie seale and the Lorde Chancellor then the Lord Marques Dorcet that bare the sword next folowed the king himselfe equally riding with the Lady Anne and behinde hir roade sir Anthonie Browne with the Kings horse of estate as ye haue hearde and behinde him road sir Iohn Dudley maister of hir horses leading hir spare horse trapped in rich tissue down to the ground After them followed Heuxmen and pages of honor Then followed the Lady Margaret Dowglas the Lady Marques Dorcet the duchesses of Richmont Suffolke the countesses of Rutland Hertford and other couÌ„tesses TheÌ„ came hir chariot in which she had rid all hir iourney wel carued gylt with the armes of hir couÌ„try curiously wrought and couered with cloth of gold al the horses were trapped with blacke veluet and on them roade pages of honor in which chariot rode two ancient Ladies of hir countrey next after the chariot folowed six ladies gentlewomen of hir countrey very beautiful and richly apparelled with them roade six ladies of Englande Then folowed an other chariot gilt furnished like to the other then came .x. Englishe Ladies next theÌ„ an other chariot couered wyth black cloth therin rode foure gentlewomen that were hir chamberers Then folowed all the remnant of the Ladies gentlewomen damosels in great nuÌ„ber and last of all came an other chariot al blacke with three lauÌ„ders apperteyning to hir grace next after followed an borslitter of cloth of glold and crimosen veluet vpoÌ„ veluet paled with horses trapt accordingly which the king had sent to hir TheÌ„ folowed the seruingmeÌ„ of hir train all clothed in black mouÌ„ted on great horses In this order they road through the rankes and through the Parke till they came at the late Friers wall where all menne alighted excepte the King the two masters of hir horse and the Heurmen whiche rode to the Hall dore and the Ladyes rode to the Court gate and as they passed they might beholde on the Wharfe how the Citizens of London were rowing vp and downe on the Thomas righte before them euery crafte with his Borge garnished with baners flagges streamers pancels and targets painted and beaten with the kings armes some with hir armes and some with y e armes of their craft mistarie There was also a Barge called the Batchelers barke richly deched on the which wayted a â—…st that shot greate peeres of artillerie and in euerye Barge was great store of instruments of diuers sorts and men and children singing and playing altogither as the K. and the Lady Anne possed by on the Wharfe When the K. and she were within the vtter court they alighted from theyr horses The King â—…eth 〈◊〉 Greeneâ—…he and the K. louingly embrased hir kyssed hir and bade hir welcome to hir owne leadyng hir by the left arme through the Hall which was furnished beneath the harth with the garde
escapeth from the battaile of Lewes 770.88 S. Seuces takē 813.10 a Scots and Picts sore disquiet the Romaine subiects in Britaine 95.17 Scottes and Pictes vanquished by the Saxons 112.22 Scena son to Androgeus Erle of London 43.80 Scot Iohn Earle of Chester poysoned to death by his wife 650.20 Schollers of oxforde withdraw to Northamptō to studie 766.67 fight against King Henrye the third 766.69 Scottes vanquished and put to flight by Erle Siward 275.58 Scottes sommoned to appeare at Yorke 832.32 a Sroope Archbyshoppe of Yorke deuised articles againste Henry the .iiij. page 1137. col 1. line 4.1 Scottes inuade the English borders page 1188. colum 2. line 28. resisted line 30 Scottishe title discussed 800.47 a Scottish nobilitie sweare fealtie to the Kyng of England 803.40 a Scotlād spoyled 899.30 a Scotlande inuaded by the Duke of Lācaster 1046.7 b Scots conclude a league with the French 815.39 a Scholemaster of Paules page 1375. col 1. line 3 Geffrey Scrope Iustice dyeth 915.11 b Scots inuade Englande and besiege Careleile 818.26 a. enter Englād agayne 819.27 b. seeke for peace 827.25 a Richarde Scrope put frō the office of Chancellor 1040.1 a Scottish Lordes submitte them to King Edwarde the third 898.27 b Scottes spoyle the North parties 870.6 b Scurfa a Danishe Earle slayne 220.64 Scelton Richard a Tayler counsellor to Perkin Warbecke 1449.58 Scots spoyle the Northe Countrey 1022.2 a Scotte William 1447. line 20 Salerne Prince with others commeth to see his Maiestie 1579.54 Scrope Thomas alias Radley 1462.22 William Scrope created Erle of Wiltshire 1097.30 b. fleeth to Bristowe 1105.12 b. beheaded 1106 14. b. Scottes spoyle Cumberland 1049.16 b. Scottishe Kyng sendeth Ambassadors to Kyng Iohn 545.60 Scory Doctor Bishop of Hereford 1803.9 Scots ayde the Britaines against the Saxons 120. line 10 The Scriptures translated into English by Tindall Ioy and other forbidden 1555.1 Scottes brenne in Northumberland page 1132. colom 1. line 18. ouerthrowen page 1135. col 1. line 10.49 Scottes Picts and Saxons inuade the Romane prouince in Britaine 106.60 Scottes inuade England 853.40 b. 854.48 a. 858.4 b. 890.20 a. Scotlande spoyled by the Englishmen 1047.50 a. Scots make dayly reifes and inuasions into England 368.15 Scottish King renounceth his homage 819.10 b A Schoole foūded at Bedford 1816.30 Schoole-built by the company of the Merchaunt Taylers 1814.50 Schoole erected at Cambridge 30.93 Scotlande resigned into King Edward the thirds hands 955.6 a Scottes inuade England page 1291. col 1. line 1 Scots giue their daughters in marriage to the Pictes vpon condition 67.57 Scotland inuaded by the Romaines 69.87 Scottes inhabiting the furthermost parte of Scotlande discouered by the Romaines 70.10 Scottes and Pictes driuen out of Britaine by the aid of the Romaines 100.6 Scots and Picts breake downe the wall and enter again into Britaine 100.20 Scots and Picts returne into Britaine by sea and inhabite the North parts of the I le 100.72 Scottes and Picts enter vpon the Britaines and chase them out of theyr Townes 101.6 Scottes and Picts when firste they came to inhabite Britaine 102.15 Scotland interdited 855.21 a. Dauid King of Scottes inuadeth England 939.37 a. taken 940.3 a. Scottish Kings subiecte to the Kings of England 222.62 Scottes subdued by Sea and land by Kyng Adelstane 225.69 Scottes take an othe to bee true vnto King Edredus 229 45 Scottes submit thēselues and do homage to King Arthur 133.52 Scottishe King sendeth Ambassadors into Normandye to King Iohn 542.95 Scottes sue earnestly to the Englishmenne for peace and obteyne it 37.43 Scottes subdued by King Adelstane 225.21 Scottes acknowledge to holde their Kyngdome of the King of England 225.27 Scottes get parte of the English confines within Cumberlande 225.33 Scottishe Kyng came to Kyng Iohn to Lincolne and there did homage 550.5 Scottes inuade the English Frōtiers 1046.36 b Scarborrough Castel deliuered to the King 396. line 27 Scottes inuade the Englishe marckes with an armye vnto Careleile 366.67 Scots inuade the North partes of England with an army 306.114 Scottishe Kings to do homage to the King of England for the Realme of Scotland 307.62 Scottish King refuseth to come to Kyng Iohn 545.80 Scots inuade Englande and are repulsed wyth losse of their owne dominions 396.80 Scottish K. Alexander cōpoundeth for peace with K. Iohn 568.30 and deliuereth .ij. of his daughters for hostage 568.31 Scottishe Ambassadoures not suffered to passe thorough England to king Iohn into Normandye 543.5 Scottishe King promiseth to doe homage to Kyng Iohn 542.103 Scottish King offereth his seruice to Kyng Iohn 543.1 Scottishe K. requireth restitution of Northumberlande and Cumberland 542.98 Scorastan battaile fought by the Danes against the Englishmen 251.87 Scottishe King returneth home 550.30 Scottes inuade Northūberland with an armye 322.24 Scottes sue for peace and retire 322.32 Scottes vtterly discomfited slayne or taken by the Englishmen 324. line 69 Scottes moue warre and are brought to obediēce by the Englishmen 261. line 64 Scottishe King doeth homage to Henrye eldest sonne to King Henry the second 401.78 Sceorstan battaile fought betweene the Englishmen and Danes wyth equall victorie 254.41 Scottes eftsoone inuade Northumberlande 369. line 41 Scotttes discomfited and put to flight 370.44 Scots breake truce with the Englishmen 310.77 Scotney Walter arraigned and cōdemned 754.20 hee is executed at Winchester 754.34 Scottish Churche in Ireland disagreeth in some pointes from the Romaine Church 156.1 Scottish K. Alexander goeth through Englande to the siege of Douer and there did homage to Lewes 603.25 Scots beaten downe and put to flighte by the Englishmen at Alnewike 434.72 Scotus Iohn murthered by his Schollers in the Abbey of Malmesburie 218.34 Scottes repulsed out of Northumberlande and from the siege of Careleile 428.3 Scottishe kings to doe homage and fealtie to the kings of England being necessarily therevnto required 440.41 Scottish Bishops renoūce their obedience to the Churche of Englande 443.9 Scottes sende aide to the Britaine 's againste the Romaines 39.36 Scottes not once named by the auntient Romane writers 59.36 Scots from whence they came into Britaine 108. line 25 Scots and Picts inuade Britaine and wast the Countrey 111.27 Lamberte Semnell counterfet Erle of Warwike is receyued with greate honour in Ireland 1428.40 is proclaymed King 1430.40 is taken prisoner and made firste a tourne broach and then a Fawkener 1431.22 Secular Priestes smally regarded 234.29 Secular Priestes make complaint of the wrong done vnto them 235.86 Secular priestes constreyned to auoyd their Colledges and leaue them to Monkes Nunnes 234.31 Secular priests with their wiues brought into Monasteries 235.100 Secular Priests sute dasshed by the counsell of Winchester 236.9 Seymer Edwarde made Knyghte 1526.40 is created Viscunt Beauchamp 1561.55 is created Earle of Hertford 1571.4 made Lieutenāunte of the Northe partes 1592.10 entreth Scotlande wyth an armye committyng greate wast eadem 50. hys honorable iourney in Bolognois 1599.33 entring Scotland with a power destroyeth all the townes in the middell Marches 1602.37 eftsoones inuadeth Scotlande burnyng a greate parte
and to ioyne his power wyth theyrs to helpe to restore them vnto their former estate and liberties so that they woulde bee contented to surrender vp into the Scottishe mens handes all such townes and Countreys from the which they had beene expulsed by great fraud and iniurie And as for the displeasures done to the Scottishe men in tymes past by ayding the Romaines agaynst them The Picts punished for their vntruthes as he thought the Pictes had felt punishment ynough for the same alreadie being reduced into most seruile and miserable bondage as iustly rewarded by almightie God for their great vntrouthes vsed and shewed towardes theyr auncient neighbours faythfull friendes and allies The Pictes were throughly pleased and satisfied with Ferguse his wordes so that within few dayes after theyr king whome they had lately chosen sith the time that the Scottish men were thus returned came vnto Ferguse The auncient league renued again betwixt the Scottes and Pictes and ratifyed the league with him according to the articles of that other whiche in tyme past had beene obserued on the behalfe of the Scottishe and Pictish nations with such solemne othes and assurance as betwixt princes in semblable cases of custome is requisite and necessarie The Scottes restored to their coūtryes Then were those Countreys restored to the Scottish men againe out of the which they had beene expelled by the Romaines power This was in the .xlv. yeare after the Scots had beene dryuen forth of Albanie and after the byrth of our Sauiour 424. 422. H. B 396. Io. Ma. The 18. yeare of the Emperor Honorius H. B 755. H.B. in the yeare after the death of Honorius the Emperour and from the firste erection of the Scottish kingdome 750. yeares complete All suche Castelles also and Fortresses as the Pictes helde within any of those Countreys which belonged vnto the Scottes were surrendred into theyr handes in peaceable wise but the residue whiche the Romains kepte were earnestly defended for a whyle though at lēgth through want of victuals other necessaries they lykewyse were deliuered If I should here say what I thinke and that mine opinion might passe for currant coyne I would not sticke to affyrme that either now first or not long before their late supposed expulsion from hence the Scottes settled themselues to inhabite here within this I le When the Scottes first got certaine seates here in this I le of Brytaine as some thinke and that they had no certain seates in the same til then But that comming either forth of Irelande or frō the westerne iles wher they before inhabited they vsed to make often inuasions into this land greatly molesting as well the Brytaynes the auncient inhabitants thereof as the Romaines that then helde the I le vnder their subiection For I can neyther perswade my selfe nor wishe other to beleeue that there was any suche continuaunce in succession of kings as their histories doe mention and as we haue here before set downe in following the same histories bycause wee will not willingly seeme to offer iniurie to their nation which peraduenture are otherwise perswaded thinke the same succession to be most true where other perchance may cōiecture not moued therto without good reason that suche kings as in their hystories are auouched to raigne one after another here in this I le eyther raigned in Irelande or in the oute Iles and that verily not successiuely but diuerse of them at one season and in diuerse places Which mistaking of the course of hystories hath bredde errours not onely among the Scottish wryters but euen among some of the Brytishe and Englishe writers also as to the learned and well aduised readers it may plainly appeare And as for Galde and some other happely which they take to be kings of Scottes althoughe they raigned in that parte of this Ile which afterwardes was possessed by Scots and after them named Scotland yet were they mere Brytaynes and had little to do with Scottes except perchaunce we may thinke that they helde the out Iles in subiection where the Scots were then inhabiting farre longer time perhaps before their settling in Brytayne than theyr hystories make mention Victorine prepareth an army to goe against the Scottes But nowe to returne where wee left After that Victorine the Romain legate was aduertised of all the foreremembred doings of the Scottishmen and Pictes he caused an armie to be leuied with all speede and hasted forth with the same vnto Yorke Victorine seeketh to persuade the Picts from taking part with the Scottes where beeing arriued hee attempted by an Heralde at armes to perswade the Pictes to forsake their confederacie lately concluded with the Scots but perceyuing he could not bring it to passe he determined to pursue both those nations with open warre and so therevpon setting forward he passed forth till he came neare vnto Camelon Victorine encampeth neare vnto Camelon with .50000 men wher he encāped with his whole armie hauing therein as the report went about fiftie thousand persons at the least Ferguse being aduertised hereof hauing in like maner alreadie assembled a mightie huge hoste Ferguse passeth the Forth both of Scottishmen and Pictes came therwith ouer the Forth and marched forth with all speed in the night season Ferguse purposeth to assayle his enimies in the dawning of the day in purpose to haue set on hys enimies verye early in the dawning of the next morning but Victorine hauing knowledge therof commaunded his men to be arraunged and set in order of battaile by the third watch of the same night so that being readie to receyue the Scottes vpon their first approch there was fought a right sore and cruell battaile with such slaughter on both partes The riuer of Carron rūneth with bloud that the ryuer of Carron neare vnto which their battailes ioyned was well neare filled with dead bodies and the water thereof so chaunged into a ruddie hewe that it seemed as though it had runne altogither with bloud In the ende whilest as yet it was doubtfull to whether side the victorie would encline there came such a sodaine shower of raine The battaile seuered by reason of a tempest mixed with suche great abundance of haylestones that neyther part was able to haue sight of other so that by reason of the violent rage of that huge storme and tempest eyther side was fayne to withdraw from the other There were slaine in this battaile such great numbers of men aswell on the one side as the other that they had small lust to ioyne in battaile againe for certaine yeares after For the Romain Lieutenant vnderstanding what losse of people he had susteyned without attempting any further exployte The lieutenāt furnishing diuerse holdes returneth into Kent appoynted certaine of his companies to lie in garrison wythin sundrie fortresses in Pictlande and wyth the residue hee returned into Kent In like sort the Scottes with their confederates the Pictes