people And that toward the North-west there was a Prouince neere to certaine Mountaines that was called Coligoa The Gouernour and all the rest thought good to goe first to Coligoa saying that peraduenture the Mountaines would make some difference of soile and that beyond them there might be some Gold or Siluer As for Quigaute Casqui and Pacaha they were plaine Countries fat grounds and full of good Medowes on the Riuers where the Indians sowed large fields of Maiz. From Tascaluca to Rio grande or the great Riuer is about three hundred leagues it is a very low Countrie and hath many Lakes From Pacaâ—a to Quigaute may bee an hundred leagues The Gouernour left the Cacique of Quigaâ—te in his owne Towne And an Indian which was his Guide led him through great Woods without any way seuen dayes iournie through a Desert where at euery lodging they lodged in Lakes and Pooles in very shoald water there was such store of fish that they killed them with cudgels and the Indians which they carried in chains with the mud troubled the waters and the fish being therewith as it were astonied came to the top of the water and they tooke as much as they listed The Indians of Coligoa had no knowledge of the Christians and when they came so neere the Towne that the Indians saw them they fled vp a Riuer which passed neere the Towne and some leaped into it but the Christians went on both sides of the Riuer and tooke them There were many men and women taken and the Cacique with them And by his commandement within three dayes came many Indians with a Present of Mantles and Deeres skinnes and two Oxe hides And they reported that fiue or sixe leagues from thence toward the North there were many of these Oxen and that because the Countrie was cold it was euill inhabited That the best Countrie which they knew the most plentifull and most inhabited was a Prouince called Cayas lying toward the South From Quiguate to Coligoa may be fortie leagues It was a fat soile and so plentifull of Maiz that they cast out the old to bring in the new There was also great plentie of French Beanes and Pompions The French Beanes were greater and better then those of Spaine and likewise the Pompions and being roasted they haue almost the taste of Chestnuts The Cacique of Coligoa gaue a Guide to Cayas and stayed behind in his owne Towne We trauelled fiue dayes and came to the Prouince of Palisema The house of the Cacique was found couered with Deeres skins of diuers colours and workes drawne in them and with the same in manner of Carpets was the ground of the house couered The Cacique left it so that the Gouernour might lodge in it in token that hee sought peace and his friendship But hee durst not tarrie his comming The Gouernour seeing he had absented himselfe sent a Captaine with Horsemen and Footmen to seeke him He found much people but by reason of the roughnesse of the Country he tooke none saue a few women and children The Towne was little and scattering and had very little Maiz. For which cause the Gouernour speedily departed from thence He came to another Towne called Tatalicoyâ— he carried with him the Cacique thereof which guided him to Cayas From Tatalicoya are foure dayes iournie to Cayas When he came to Cayas and saw the Towne scattered he thought they had told him a lye and that it was not the Prouince of Cayas because they had informed him that it was well inhabited He threatned the Cacique charging him to tell him where he was and he and other Indians which were taken neere about that place affirmed that this was the Towne of Cayas and the best that was in that Country and that though the houses were distant the one from the other yet the ground that was inhabited was great and that there was great store of people and many fields of Maiz. This Towne was called Tanico he pitched his Campe in the best part of it neere vnto a Riuer The same day that the Gouernour came thither he went a league farther with certaine Horsemen and without finding any he found many skinnes in a pathway which the Cacique had left there that they might bee found in token of peace For so is the custome in that Countrey The Gouernour rested a moneth in the Prouince of Cayas In which time the horses fattened and thrined more then in other places in a longer time with the great plentie of Maiz and the leaues thereof which I thinke was the best that hath beene seene and they dranke of a Lake of very hot water and somewhat brackish and they dranke so much that it swelled in their bellies when they brought them from the watering Vntill that time the Christians wanted Salt and there they made good store which they carried along with them The Indians doe carrie it to other places to exchange it for Skins and Mantles They make it along the Riuer which when it ebbeth leaueth it vpon the vpper part of the sand And because they cannot make it without much sand mingled with it they throw it into certaine baskets which they haue for that purpose broad at the mouth and narrow at the bottome and set it in the Aire vpon a barre and throw water into it and set a small Vessell vnder it wherein it falleth Beeing strained and set to boyle vpon the fire when the water is sodden away the Salt remayneth in the bottome of the Pan. On both sides of the Riuer the Countrie was full of sowne fields and there was store of Maiz. Immediately the Gouernour with certaine Horsemen and fifty Footmen departed toward Tulla hee found the Towne abandoned for the Indians durst not tarrie his comming The Caâ—â—que came and eightie Indians with him He brought a Present of many Oxe hides which because the Countrie was cold were very profitable and serued for Couerlets because they were very soft and woolled like sheepe Not farre from thencee toward the North were many Oxen. The Christians saw them not nor came into the Countrie where they were because those parts were euill inhabited and had small store of Maâ—z where they were bred The Cacique of Tulla made an Oration to the Gouernour wherein he excused himselfe and offered him his Country subiects and person Aswell this Cacique as the others and all those which came to the Gouernour on their behalfe deliuered their message or speech in so good order that no Oratour could vtter the same more eloquently §. III. His departure to Autiamque ORTIZ his death and disasters following SOTO takes thought and dieth MOSCOSCO succeedeth They leaue Florida and arriue at Panuco THe Gouernour informed himselfe of all the Countrie round about and vnderstood that toward the West was a scattered dwelling and that toward the South-east were great Townes especially in a Prouince called Autiamque ten daies iouâ—â—ie from
of Plate There were 2500. Spaniards 150. high and low Dutch vnto which I ioyned my selfe They set forth in September the same yeere and hauing had some trouble at Palma one of the Canaries about stealing of a Citizens Daughter by Gâ—â—rge Mendoza a Kinsman of the Commander Don Pedro de Mendoza arriued at the riuer Ienero They call these Indians Toâ—pin Here we abode fourteene daies and Petro Mendoza our Generall then gaue commandement to Iohn Osorius his sworne Brother to take charge of vs in his steed because hee being weake and consumed in his members was much troubled almost with continuall sicknesse and diseases But when a little after the gouernment receiued Iohn Osorius had beene falsly accused and by forgerie to Mendoza his sworne brother as though he had gone about seditiously to stirre the company against him the said Mendoza commanded other foure Captaines to wit Iohn Eyoldas Iohn Saleisen George Luchsam and Lazarus Saluascho that hauing stabbed him with a Dagger they should expose him as a Traitor in the middle of the Plaine to the view of all beholders And straightly commanded it publikely to be giuen in charge that no man vpon paine of death disquiet or trouble himselfe in the behalfe of Osorius for if he did he should be no more respected whosoeuer or of what condition soeuer he were But hee was altogether iniuried For hee was an honest man and a stout and couragious Warriour and courteous liberall and verie beneficiall to his fellow Souldiers 6. Departing hence with our ships and going to the Riuer of Plate we came into a pleasant Riuer which they call Parana Urassa It is farre from the mouth of the Riuer where the Sea leaues it and is fortie two leagues broad And from the Riuer Ianero to this Riuer are two hundred and fifteene leagues Heere wee came to a Hauen called Saint Gabriel and all our fourteene ships anchored in the Riuer Parana But because we were to abide in the greater shippes on the water a Musket shot from the Land our Generall Petro Mendoza gaue commandement to set the people and Souldiers aland in the lesser Skiffes or Boats which they call Potten then prepared for that purpose So by the grace and blessing of God in the yeere of Christ 1535. wee happily arriued at the Riuer of Plate and there we found a row of houses or an Indian Village wherein there were about 2000. men whom they call Zechuruas who eate no other thing saue fish and flesh And goe all naked but that the women couer their secrets with a thinne piece of Cotton-cloth which reacheth from the Nauell to the knees They therefore at our comming leauing the Towne fled away with their wiues and children Then our Generall Mendoza commanded the people to be shipped againe and conueied ouer to the other side of the Riuer Parana where the bredth of the Riuer extendeth it selfe no more then eight leagues 7. In this place wee built a Citie which for the wholsomenesse of the Aire wee called Bonos Aeres We brought with vs also out of Spaine seuentie two Horses and Mares in our fourteene ships We found also another Village in this Countrie which the Indians inhabit whom they call Carendies of whom there were about 3000. men together with their wiues and children These also as the Zechuruas are couered from the Nauell only vnto the knees who brought vs fish and flesh to eate These Carendies haue no Proper and setled dwellings but wander in the Gountrie hither and thither almost as our Cingari and Zigeunori When they take their iourney in the Summer they often times trauell thirtie leagues and more by Land and finde not a drop of water to drinke If they light vpon a Stagge or other wilde beast when they haue killed it they drinke the bloud thereof some times they find a Roote which they call Cardes and chewing that they quench thirst But that they drinke bloud this only is the cause for that they want other drinke and peraduenture without this they should die for thirst These Carendies for fourteene daies imparted liberally of their pouertie and daily brought fish and flesh vnto our Campe one day only excepted wherein they came not to vs at all Therefore our Generall Don Petro Mendoza sent our Corrigidor Ian. Baban and two Souldiers vnto them for these Carendies abode foure leagues distant from our Campe but they so intreated them when they came vnto them that they sent them home all three soundly cut and mangled with stripes But when our Generall Petro Mendoza vnderstood these things by report of the Iudge who for this cause raised a tumult in our Campe he sent his owne naturall Brother Don Diego Mendoza against them with three hundred Souldiers and thirtie readie light Horsemen among the which I also was one straightly charging him to kill and take all the said Indian Carendies and possesse their Towne But when we came vnto them there were now some 4000. men gathered together for they had sent for all their familiars and friends to helpe them 8. When we set vpon them they so resisted vs that they put vs to trouble enough that day for they slue our Captaine Don Diego Mendoza and sixe Gentlemen with him and of the horse and foote about some twentie But on their part there fell about 1000. men Therefore they fought couragiously and stoutly against vs which wee felt by experience The weapons of these Carendies are Bowes and a kinde of Dart like the staffe of a Speare of a middle length whose point they arme with a flint called a Marchasate with an edge in forme of the three edged T underbolt They haue also bowles of stone hanging at a long coard somewhat like our plummets of Lead These bowles they so cast about the feet of Horses or Stagges that they are constrained to fall After this manner they slue our Captaine and the Gentlemen with these bowles which I my selfe beheld but they slue the Footmen with their Darts yet by the grace of God to whom be praise we ouercame them in battaile and possessed their Towne But we could take none of these Indians their wiues and children also before we assailed them by warre had fled into another Village We found nothing in this Towne of theirs but Otter skins plentie of flesh and flowre and the trane of fish Abiding therefore three daies we remained in that place and after returned to our Campe leauing 100. men there who in the meane time should fish with the Indians Nets to maintaine our Souldiers more plentifully for the waters there are maruellous full of fish for three ounces only of flowre made of fine Wheate were distributed to euerie one for one daies victuall and euerie three daies one fish This fishing lasted two moneths and if any would eate fish otherwise he must seeke them on foot foure leagues off 9. When we returned to our Campe they that were fit for
the King of Portugall sent his ships for the East Indies and so tooke possession of this Land for the King of Portugall The King Don Emanuel hauing newes hereof sent ships for to discouer the whole Countrie and found it to be the Land of America which ioyneth to the West Indies wherefore there was some controuersie betweene him and the King of Spaine but in the end being both kinsmen and great friends they agreed that the King of Portugall should hold all the Countrie that he had discouered the which was as I haue said from the Riuer of Marannon to the Riuer of Plate although the Spaniards say that it is no further then the Iland of Santa Catalina and hereupon there haue beene many controuersies betweene the Portugals and Spaniards and many men slaine There came in the yeere 1587. into this Riuer of Plate two English Ships and a Pinnace of the honorable the Earle of Comberland being bound for the straights of Magelanos and anchored ten leagues within this Riuer at a little Iland hard by the Iland called Seall Iland c. There is a port called la Para Iua which few yeares past the Frenchmen hearing of the troubles that were in Portugall came to this place and made there a Fort and so the French Ships came euery yeare thither to lade Brasill wood But they of Fernambocke with the helpe of the Spaniards went and burnt fiue ships within the Port and tooke the Fort but some of the Frenchmen ranne into the Mountaines and others slaine so that the Spaniards doe there inhabit to this day Now to returne vnto Fernambocke inhabited by a Portugall Captaine called Eduarte Coelio this is the greatest Towne in all that Coast and hath aboue three thousand houses in it with seuentie Ingenios of Sugar and great store of Brasill wood and good store of Cotton yet are they in great want of victuals for that all that they haue commeth out of Portugall and from other places there on the Coast. It is a barred Harbour and for small Barkes this place belongeth yet to the Sonne of Eduarte Coelio Passing hence is the Cape of Saint Augustine and next to that is the Riuer of Saint Francisco which is also a great Riuer Betweene this and the Bayha it is all a Wildernesse inhabited with cruell Sauage people for whom soeuer they take they kill to eate The Towne of Baya belongeth to the King and therefore the Gouernour that gouerneth all the Coast along is in this Towne of Baya and also the Bishop it is a Towne of a thousand houses and hath fortie Ingenios of Sugar and much Cotton but no Brasill wood The Sea runneth vp fourteene or fifteene leagues where they get some yeâ—res good store of Ambergreece here there is plentie of victuals and although it be hot it is a healthfull Countrey and holesome aires The next Coast is called Las Ilhas it is a small Towne not aboue one hundred and fiftie houses there are but three Ingenios of Sugar the most part of these people are labouring men and carry victuals to Fernambock in three small Barkes this people belong vnto a Gentleman called Leucas Geralds From hence the next to this Towne is called Porto Sequero this hath foure smal Townes and are in all about three hundred houses it belongeth to a Gentleman called Vasco Fernandes Coytenio from hence they goe to the Riuer of Ienero which hath about three hundred houses In this place also the Frenchmen inhabited first whóse Captaine was called Monsieur de Villegagnon hee made here a Fort and planted good Ordnance thereon and lades euery yeere great store of Brasill from thence and had great friendship with the Sauage people which serued him very well But the King of Portugall sent a power of men aganst the Frenchmen and first tooke the French ships by Sea and then landed and besieged the Fort and in time tooke them with the Captaine and because the French Captaine was a Gentleman and neuer hurt the Portugals therefore they gaue thirtie thousand Duckets for his Ordnance with all things that they had in the Fort and so sent him for France and the Portugals inhabited the Riuer There is not at this present but two Ingenios and great store of Brasil-wood with plentie of victuals From this Riuer of Ienero they go along the Coast of Saint Vincent which hath foure Townes the greatest is called Santos and hath foure hundred houses there are here three Ingenios but a very poore Country About few yeeres past there came two English ships into this Harbor which were going for the Straits of Magellanes who being in this Port there came thither three of the King of Spaines ships and fought with the Englishmen but the Englishmen sunke one of them and therefore the King commanded a Fort to be made because that no English shippes that were bound to the Straits should not victuall there the which Fort standeth on the mouth of the Harbour this Countrey belongeth to a Gentleman called Martin Alonso de Sousa this is the last inhabitance in all the Coast of Brasill this said Coast is very full of Mountaines and raineth much therefore they cannot goe from Towne to Towne by Land All the dwellings in this Countrey are by the Sea side yet the Portugals haue many times trauelled vp in the Countrie a hundred and fiftie leagues but finding no profit inhabited in no place The Coast from Saint Vincent is all full of Mountaines till you come to the Iland of Saint Catalina from this Iland till you come to the Straites of Magellanes is very plaine and without Woods The Riuer of Plate was discouered by Solis and after by Sebastian Cabot which went one hundred and fiftie leagues vp in it and built a Fort after by Don Pedro de Mendoza who hauing lost eight ships died in the way homewards the poore men which hee left behind him for very hunger died the most part of them for that there about were very few Indians and therefore small store of victuals but onely liued by hunting of Deere and fishing Of all the men that this Don Pedro left behind him there was liuing no more but two hundred men which in the ships Boats went vp the Riuer leauing in this place called bonas ayres three Mares and Horses But it is a wonder to see that of thirtie Mares and seuen Horses which the Spaniards left in this place that in fortie yeeres these beasts haue so increased that the Countrey is twentie leagues vp full of Horses whereby one may see the pasture and fruitfulnesse of the Countrey The Spaniards that went vp this Riuer were three hundred leagues vp and found the Countrey full of Indians where were great store of victuals and the Spaniards dwelt among them as their friends and the Indians did giue their Daughters to wise vnto the Spaniards and so they dwelt in one Towne together which the Spaniards called La Ascension
Frost and Snow Sepulchre opened Two houses Houshold stuffe Third discouerie Extreme cold Gramâ—us Bay Thâ—y found Grampuses dead two inches thicke of fat and fiue or six paces long A good Harbour Two great Wolues Thunder Conference with Sauages Patuxet People all dead of a plague Masasoyts Nausites Hunts wickednesse Sâ—uâ—geâ— dâ—sâ—ribed The agreements of peace betweene vs and Massasoyt A iourney to Packanokik the Habitation of the Great King Massasoyâ— 1621. Great plague Royall entertainment Games Hungrie fare A Voyage made by ten of our men oâ—the Kingdome of Nauset to seek a Boy that had lost himselfe in the Woods with such accidents as besell vs in that Voyage The Boy is restored Snakes skin defiance Towne impaled Tisquantum trechâ—â—y Plagy 〈◊〉 Master Westons planters which plâ—id the wâ—sps with English and Sauages Two Ships Helpe f 〈…〉 Master Iones A Plague Note Honest Sauages Namasket Manomet Sauages great gamsters Iust iealousie Base Summer and Winter Dutch Ship Visitations of the sicke Reports of Massassowats death His commendation Miserable comforters He reuealeth the trechery of the Massachusets Their name of God Indians into lence Sauages slain Sauage Englishmen An. 1623. Great drought Publike Fast. Gracious dewes Indians coniuration M. Tomson a Scot his Plantation Day of thanks Two Ships Their Religion The meaning of the word â—â—eâ—tan I think hath reference â—o Antiquity for Chise is an old man and Kiâ—hchise a man that exceedeâ—h in agâ— Iâ—e maledicti Their Deuill Powah or Priest Offerings Sacrifices Burnt offring The Deuill keeps his seruants poore Their Knights Pnieses valourous counsellours Bitter trialls Sachim or Lords Tribu 〈…〉 Mourning foâ— the dead Burialls Womens slauery Manhood Names Maids wiues Adulterie and whooredome Theft Murther Crying a cowards note Apparell Wittie people Their Arts. Note Language Registers The Country New England an Iland Seasons Dayes Soyle Corne * For the Description incouragements to this designe and for better knowledge of New Scotland besides a Book purposely published by the Honourable learned Author who at other weapons hath plaied his Muses prizes and giuen the world ample testimony of his learning you may read our 8. Booke from the sixt Chapter forwards the last two Chapiters of the ninth Booke that description of the Countrey of Mawâ—oshen which I haue added hereto An. 1623. Lukes Bay Fit place for a Plantation Port Iolly Port Negro This description of Mawooshen I had amongst M. Hakluyts papers Climate and quantitie Tarantines are said to be the same with the Souriquois 1. Quibequesson Riuer Asticon Sagamo A great Lake 2. Pâ—maquid riuer A great Lake Anadabis Three townes Bashabes Caiocame 3. Ramassoc Panobscâ—t a Towne 4. Apanawapeske 5. Apanmensek A Lâ—ke Another Lake All the Lakes full of Fish Beeues and sweet Rats 6. Aponeg 7. Aponeg 8. Sagadahoc Here C. Popham builâ— S. Georges Fort and planted Great Sound Tâ—o Lakes A great Iland Kenebeke 9. Ashamabaga 10. Shawakâ—toc A Lake foure dayes iourney long 2 broad Voyage in eight daies Fishermens kinde assistances State of the weather in Autumne and Winter I haue by me a written iournall declaring the winde and weather of euery day from 24. Nouember 1610. till the last of Aprill 1611. but thought it would seeme ted ous the substance thereof being here contained Moderate Frosta Spring Healthfulnes Homicide dieth for thought Imployment of the Colony English Corne Fowle and Cattle prosper there Medow Deere Copper kettle Their houses described Their Oares Sauages Their fashions Their Canoas The situation of the Country The temperature of the Ayre The Inhabitanes with their nature and customes The conueniency of the Bayes in that Countrie Commodious Ilands worthy Harbours Trinitie Harbor affording diuers good commodities Sauages liuing neer to Trinitie Harbour The bottoms of diuers Baies meeting neere together The Harbour of Trepassey lying commodiously The fertiltie of the soyle Seuerall sorts of Fruits there growing Herbs Flowers both pleasant and medicinable Corn growing there yeelding good increase Store of Deere other Beasts A rare example of the gentle nature of the Beasts of that Country M Guies Mastâ—â—e Greyhound vsed a Wolfe there more doggedly one pulling out the throat the other the belly Great store of Land Fowle Water Fowle Penguins Fresh water and Springs Many sorts of Timber there growing Good hope of Mines and making of Iron and Pitch Fish in great abundance Cod-fishing a great hope of benefit therefrom The benefit arising to France Spaine and Italy from fishing vpon those coasts 250. saile of Shipslying vpon that coast Anno 1615. What the valew of the Fish con tained in most Ships did amount vnto The relief that the trading there will afford to seuerall sorts of people * After this the author vseth reasons to perswade to a Plantation there which I haue omitted as busied in history The Book is common to such as desire to reade it I haue also omit ted his Admiralty commission and proceedings Commoditieâ— vsed by the Natiues This was the last Letter sent into England the yeere before 1621. They were but twelue men all the last Winter vnti 〈…〉 the new supply came in the Spring following Temperate Winter Bristow Plantation Salt made there Abuses of Fishermen The Fiâ—â—ts sâ—â— forth by queen Elizabeth Sup. pag. 108◠〈◊〉 Aâ—â—â— 17. 6. Her persecution from the Papacie from the wombe In queen Maries daies French wrongs Q. Elizabeths prosperitie See of Gods mercies in this other kinds the B. of Chichister his Religious Tractate of Thanksgiuing See also Camdens Elizabetha and others Anuales of her Reigne Arthur Poole of the house of George Duke of Clarence Ann. 1569. Pius his impious Bull. Irish action Don Iohn base son of Charles Emperour 1576. A. 1572. Greg. 13. confirmeth the sentence against Q. Elis-Stuklys trea on A. 1578. 1579. 1580. Sanders Author of the booke De visiâ— Monarch of the forged tale De schismate Anglicano in which he abuseth the queens Mother with grosse lies neuer before een or dreams of by the sharpest and spitefullesâ— eyes which Malice could entertain euen then when she was most malicious most serpent sighted * 15â—3 * 1584. Mendoza Throckmorton Creighton papers Assoâ—iation Pâ—â—ries treason Allens booke Earle of Northumberland Burks Ilandeys â—â—i s in Ireland Babington c. French Embassadâ—urs plot with Moody Lopez Luke 8. 29. Rome Citie of murthers haters of kings * Plin. l. 7. c. 25. * See to 1. l. 8. 〈◊〉 1. 〈◊〉 3. 4. 6. l. 2. c. 1 to 2. l. 8. c. 4. c. Present Rome greater manstaier Saintslaier then the Ethnike Priests agents in euery treason The Pope Master Workman Allen or Alan was by Spanish procurement made Cardinall for this purpose and to this purpose had written a violent booke which heartned Parry to vndertake to kil the Queen He and Bristow Martin were Authors of the Rhemish Translation and Notes of the N. T. Papall pretended causes of depriuing the Queene Fugitiues impotent Zeale
three sonnes a hundreth thousand Duckets insomuch that the youngest of them being in Spaine vpon the dispatch of some businesse which his father had left vnsettled was there thought of state so good that a Marquesse thought his daughter well bestowed vpon him in marriage But see how nothing will last where God with his preseruing blessing doth not keepe things together For at this day scarce is there any remainder left of all his riches and this now most poore though great Lady not being able to proportion her selfe to the lownesse of her fortune and besides vexed with her husbands ill conditions hath by authoritie left him and hauing entered religious profession is at this present in a Nunnerie in Saint Domingo I haue beene very inquisitiue of the best obseruers and most able to judge among ours that haue vpon occasion trauailed into the inparts of the Iland They doe agreeingly tell me first that their wayes are very myrie or rather dirtie as proceeding of mold rather then grauell or sand now the prouerbe in England is that that Countrie is best for the Byder that is most cumbersome to the Rider Secondly the grasse and herbage they meet withall euerywhere is very proud and high though somewhat course which argueth a lustinesse and strength of fatnesse in the soile and which wanteth onely store of mouthes to ouer-come that luxuriant pride and to bring it to the finenesse which we most commend in England which is made most probable by that which in the third place they report of their experience that the soile is a black mold vnderlaid within some two foot with a laire of reddish clay which is one of the most infallible marks by which our English Grasiers know their battle and feeding grounds The whole Iland is delightfully and pleasurably diuersified with Hills and Vallies Among the Hills there is one eminent aboue the rest called the Loquilla commended with the greatest plentie and riches of mynes And yet none of the Riuers that I can heare of haue their heads from thence which perhaps may bee the reason why it aboue the rest is lesse wasted For they say that in the other Hills also there are veines found of whose pouertie no man needeth to complaine This Hill which they call Loquilla is placed Easterly aboue Luisa The Vallies are much wooddy but in very many places interlaced with gâ—odly large Playnes and spacious Lawnes The woods are not onely vnderlings as in the lesser Iland for the most part they are but timber trees of goodly talnesse and stature fit for the building of ships and of euery part of them For not to speake of a ship which wee our selues found here a building towards the burthen of a hundreth the great Bougonia a ship of a thousand hauing lost her Masts at Sea had them all made here of the timber of this Iland her mayne Mast being of two trees onely and being there and all other wayes fitted for Spaine was euen vpon the point of putting forth of this Harbour when Sir Francis Drake and Sir Iohn Hawkins came hither with an honorable intent to take her and the foure Millions which shee brought hither from the Hauana For this ship was the Admirall of the fleet which that yeere went from Tierra firma and being taken with a storme at Sea and hauing lost her Masts with much adoe recouered this Harbour and here was againe fitted But the Queenes Nauie vpon aduertisement of this accident came so just in the nick that they were forced to sinke her in the Harbour and that with so great haste that the passengers had not time to fetch their clothes but lading and victuals and all was lost Some of the ribs of this great Beast we found here but the marrow and sweetnesse of her was gone for shee brought in her foure millions and a halfe of treasure for the wafting whereof those Frigats which Sir Francis burned in this Harbour were purposely sent For while Sir Francis was watering at Guadalupe some of his fleet discouered the passage of these Frigats by Dominica which good newes as truly they were very good assured Sir Francis as he openly told the fleet that the treasure was not yet gone from Saint Iohn de Puerto Rico for as much as he assured himselfe that these ships were going to fetch it home The Playnes and Lawnes of the mayne Iland â—re graced with much varietie of many kindes of fruit for besides the great Countries of ground where their Heards roame with such vncontrolled licence as that they grow almost wilde the champaine which they haue chosen to place their Stancies and Ingenios vpon are richly laden with Ginger and Sugar-cane Their Ingenios are commonly vpon some Riuer or neere some moore-marrish and waterish places for in places of that qualitie doe their Sugar-canes prosper best And besides there is much vse of water for their Mills and other works though most commonly their Mills goe with the strength of men and horses as I vnderstand like our Horse-mills in England which if I had seene my selfe I should haue beene better able and conseqâ—ently more willing to haue reported to you the manner and cunning of the same They that haue beene eye-witnesses doe with great wonder and commendation speake of them Their Stansias are more inwardly placed in the Countrie and yet a conuenient neerenesse to some Riuer is desired for more conuenient carriage of their Ginger to Puerto Rico whence they vent their commodities into other Countries which I take to bee some part of the cause why more follow Ginger then Sugar workes because their Stansias doe not need such choise of place and therefore the poorer may more easily come by them which yet also more easily they set vpon because much needeth not to set vpon the commoditie of Ginger I haue heretofore said in generall that Sugar and Ginger are the greatest knowne commodities of this Iland A third commoditie of the Iland besides Ginger and Sugar I did before note to bee Hides Whereof without contradiction there is very great store I haue beene told by the Spaniard that that same Chereno whose Countrie is neere to the Laguada of the quite contrarie side to Cape Roxo is generally reported to feede to the number of twelue thousand head of Cattle Wherevpon we may easily coniecture how infinite the number of Cattell in this Iland is seeing in the Westerly end thereof which is held farre worse for feeding then the Easterly neere Saint Iohns head there is so incredible abundance Once it is generally spoken and beleeued that by reason of this ouer-flowing of Beeues it is lawfull for any man to kill what he needeth for his vse if onely hee bee so honest as to bring the skins to the proper owners Now these Hides must rise to a huge summe of riches considering that their Cattell are farre larger then any Countrie that I know in England doth yeeld
aide 5000. foote and 1000. horse at her owne charge to be by them after repayed the first yeares charges in the first yeare of peace the rest in the foure following Flushing and the Ramekins and Brill to remaine â—ers in caution c. Her Maiestie set forth a Booke also for her iustification by the ancient leagues with the Belgian Prouinces for mutuall defence the Spanish crueltie on the poore Belgians and their nefarious deuises against her neither had she any intent in administring these aides but that the Low-Countries might enioy their ancient liberty she and her subiects their securitie and both Nations peaceable commerce And to the end that warre might not first be brought home to her owne doores she set forth a Fleete to finde the Spaniard worke abroad Hereupon Anâ—o 1585. Sir Francis Drake with a Fleete of fiue and twenty saile and 2300. Souldiers and Sailers was set forth from Plimmouth Sep. 12. Christopher Carlile his Lieutenent Generall Anthonie Powell Sergeant Maior Captaine Matthew Morgan and Iohn Samson Corporall of the field Land Captaines Anthonie Plat Edward Winter Iohn Goring Robert Pen George Barton Iohn Merchant William Ceuill Walter Bigs Iohn Haman Richard Stanton Captaine Martin Frobisher Viceadmirall in the Primrose Captaine Francis Knolles Rereadmirall in the Gallion Leicester Captaine Thomas Vennâ—r in the Eliz. Bonaduenture vnder the Generall Captaine Edward Winter in the Aide Christopher Carlile in the Tigre Henry White Captain of the Sea Dragon Thomas Drake Captaine of the Thomas Thomas Seely Captaine of the Minion Captaine Bayly of the Barke Talbot Robert Crosse of the Barke Bond George Fortescue of the Barke Boner Edward Carelesse of the Hope Iames Erizo of the White Lyon Thomas Moone of the Fancis Iohn Riuers of the Vantage Iohn Vaughan of the Drake Iohn Varney of the George Iohn Martin of the Beniamin Richard Gilman of the Scout Richard Hawkins of the Ducke Captaine Bitfield of the Swallow They tooke a Shippe of Saint Sebastians laden with fish entred the Iles of Bayon and sent to the Citie to know whether there were warres betwixt England and Spaine and why the English Merchants and their goods in Spaine were embarged or arrested The Gouernour professed his ignorance in both and that this later was the Kings pleasure After some spoiles done about Vigo they fell with Hierro but the Iland being poore departed without harme Thence they went to the Iles of Cape Verde and at Saint Iago entred betwixt the Towne called Playa or Praya and Saint Iago landed 1000. men and the men being fled entred the Towne and shot off all their Ordnance being 50. peeces answered from the Ships to honour the Queenes day the 17. of Nouember No Treasure was found but Wine Oyle Meale c. They possessed it foureteene dayes Nouember the foure and twentieth they marched to Saint Domingo twelue miles within land and found the people fled After foureteene dayes they departed hauing burned the Towne of Playa none of the inhabitants hauing offered to intercede which seemed to happen from their guiltinesse towards old Master William Hawkins whose men perfidiously they had murthered foure or fiue yeares before against their promise putting off to the West Indies they could not put off the effects of the aire of that Iland which by a Calentura killed two or three hundred of their men The first Iland which they fell with was Dominica the next Saint Christophers and hauing there spent their Christmas they resolued for Hispaniola and hauing receiued intelligence by a Frigot which they tooke in the way they landed nine or ten miles to the Westward of Saint Domingo on New yeares day About noone they approached the Towne vnder the conduct of Master Carlile and 150. horsemen presenting themselues from the Citie being retired they diuided their forces to assault both the Westerne gates at once The Ordnance being discharged on them they ran in to preuent a second charge and entred with them pell mell into the Gates the enemy altering their fight into flight which they made by the North gate Both troopes met in the Market-place and there barricadoed themselues The Castle was abandoned the next night They held the Towne a whole moneth They burned many houses before they could bring the Spaniards to a price for the ransome of the rest for which at last they paid after much spoile 25000. Duckets The pray was not much In the Towne-house were the Kings armes and in the lower part of the scutchion was painted a globe of the Sea and Land a horse standing thereon with his hinder legges the forepart without the globe with this motto ascribed to his mouth Non sufficit Orbis From Saint Domingo they set saile for Carthagena on the Continent landing some Companies with Captaine Carlile fiue miles of which were led on by night the Generall with this Fleete presenting themselues before the chained Port and hauing gotten the Citie held the same six weekes They tooke Alonso Brauo the Gouernour After many houses burned 11000. Duckets were paid for ransome of the rest from burning The Calentura continued killing some being a pestilent spotted Feuer and spoyling others of their strength and memory for a long time The Serena or Euening ayre is said to cause it to them which are then abroad if not of that Countrey so that by holding their watch the English were thus infected This forced them to giue ouer their intended voyage to Nombre de Dios and Panama sailing therefore alongst the coast of Florida they tooke and fired two garrison Townes of the Spaniards Saint Anthonie and Saint Helena and the Fort of Saint Iohn Then passing alongst the Virginian shore they tooke home the English Colonie there remaining with Master Lane their Gouernour sent by Sir Walter Raleigh These are said by Master Camden to haue beene the first bringers in of the vse of Tobacco since so frequently abused by our Nation They arriued at Portsmouth the 28. of Iuly 1586. They got Ordnance of Brasse aboue 200. peeces and about 40. of Iron They prey was valued at 60000. li. English There dyed most of the Calentura 700. persons The industry of the Generall in all places is remakeable whose vigilance and bodily presence and labour in all businesse was much that had he beene in the meanest he had merited the highest place To this is fittest in next place to adde his Cadiz exploit Anno 1587. and the taking of the rich Caracke called Saint Philip. HEr Maiestie being informed of that inuincible Armadas preparing in Spaine which did come and was ouercome the yeare after sent a fleete of 30. saile vnder the command of Sir Francis Drake the Bonaduenture the Lyon the Dread-naught and the Rainbow were out of her Nauy Royall chosen to this seruice The 16. of Aprill two Shippes of Midleborough which came from Cadiz with whom we met in 40. degrees gaue him to vnderstand that there was great
many small peeces of Gold that we found in many places where the water washed away the Earth the Gouernour Generall tooke it paying vs for it more then it was worth and sent it to the King with a Sey for to consider whether it should be wrought or not the Gouernor Generall sent likewise 40000. pounds worth of Plate that he had wrought out of the Myne of Saint Paul which is twelue leagues from San Vincents In the time that I went to Etapusicke my Master was gone home then I serued as a Souldier for the space of three moneths that shipping went to the Riuer of Ienero then the Gouernour Generall requited my paines very honourably and sent me backe againe to my Master After that my Master sent to a place called the Organs which Hill is to bee seene from the Riuer of Ienero where we found a little Myne of Gold and many good stones There came a Hulke out of Spaine that brought a Bishop and a Spanish Gouernor to goe from thence in small shipping to the Riuer of Plate and from thence to Somma A little after that this Hulke arriued at the Riuer of Ienero where fell a disease in the Countrey like the meazels but as bad as the plague for in three moneths their dyed in the Riuer of Ienero aboue three thousand Indians and Portugals this disease was generally in all parts of the Countrey At this time going vp and downe from the Sugar-mill to the ship in the night with a Barke lading of Brasill for the Hulke with the Ayre one of my legges swelled that I could not stirre it is common and very dangerous in those Countries when a man is hot to come in the Ayre especially in the night for being a hot Countrey it hath a piercing ayre and suddenly striketh in any part of the bodie I was very ill for the space of a moneth The fourteenth of August 1601. Saluador Corea de Sasa Gouernour of the Riuer of Ianuary embarked himselfe in the aforesaid Hulke with his Wife Donenes de Soso determining to make his Voyage to Fernambuquo we sayled East to Seaward The fifteenth day wee kept still Eastward to the Sea The sixteenth day we kept North-east and about tenne of the clocke we had sight of the Cape The seuenteenth eighteenth and nineteenth hauing the wind North-west we kept stil Eastward for feare of the sands and cliffes called Aborollas they lye betweene the Cape and Spirito Santo The twentieth day hauing the winde South wee sayled our course North-east This course we kept till the fiue and twentieth of the moneth then the winde turned Northward we made East to Sea this course we were faine to keepe till the last day of the moneth the first of February the winde being at South-west wee sayled North-east along the Coast till the seuenth day of the moneth The eight day the Master and the Pilot tooke the height of the Sun and were ten degrees and an halfe Southward of the Line As the Master and the Pilot were talking together concerning the Voyage there came a Sea-foule and sitting vpon the backe stay cast out two or three little fishes with that a Spaniard called Iasper Conquero who had some experience of the Coast said to the Master take heed for I am afraid you are neerer the shoate then you take your selfe to bee for you know not how the current driueth you Westward vpon the Coast the Flemmings bade him meddle with his owne businesse and that they knew what to do without his counsell the Pilot made himselfe forty leagues from the shore directed his course North. The ninth day at midnight wee descried Land the Pilot presently cast his Lead and found but eight fathomes water then he commanded the Saylers to cast about the which they did the wind being at North-east and wee being neere the shore could not beare vp to Sea for wee saw Clifts both on the starboord and larboord side of vs and before wee could get out our Anchor we were driuen so neere the Clifts on the lee side of vs that wee had no other remedie but to runne vpon the Rockes where we had beene all cast away but that it was the pleasure of God to deliuer vs for wee lay with the Prow of our ship vpon one of the Rockes for the space of halfe an houre and we were faine to cut off both our Masts and to cast many chists ouer-boord thinking it had beene impossible to saue any thing but it was the will of God when wee least thought of it that a great Sea brake ouer the Rocke and put vs into eight fathomes water betweene the Rockes and the Cliffes so by the prouidence of God wee were deliuered out of the aforesaid danger The next day we saw Canibals along the shore then the Gouernour commanded mee to be set on shore to talke with the wilde people and to know of them vpon what Coast wee were or if we might goe to Fernambuquo by land the Captaine commanded a Mamaluke called Antonio Fernandes to goe with me ashore but when we came to land this Mamaluke durst not goe on shore for feare of the wilde Canibals so I went alone and saluted them according to the fashion of the Countrey then I enquired of them how they called the place where they were they told me that it was called Cororeyespe which is the Riuer of Toades likewise they said that we were very neere the Riuer of Saint Francis and Northward we had the Riuer called Saint Michell and that they were slaues to the Portugals of Fernambucke hauing driuen cattle to Baya and now they returned home againe One of these bond-slaues went aboord the shippe with mee and talked with the Gouernour the next day the Gouernours Wife entreated her husband that hee would leaue the Hulke and goe by land the which he did at his wifes request so commanding all his Treasure to be set on shore we left our ship the Gouernour commanded the Master to take Fernambuquo if it were possible if not that he should goe to Baya and from thence into Portugall with any ships that should depart from thence this Hulke had nine tunnes of Siluer in her the which incharged to Diego de Guadro by the Gouernour Generall Don Francisco de Sasa and at Fernambuquo the charge of it was giuen to my Master Saluador Corea de Sasa from the place where we were driuen on shore to Fernambucke is fortie leagues In this iourney from the Riuer of Toades or from the Clifts called Bayshas Deamrobrio did I and Domingos Gomes alway carrie a Boxe of pure Gold of my Masters some twelue leagues from the aforesaid Riuer of Toades to a place called by the Indians Vpauasou are three leagues this Vpauasou is a very singular good place to take flesh water from Vpauasou to another Riuer called Casuays is one league from the Casuayes to the Riuer of Saint Michell are foure leagues at
merchandise There is no Vines in that Country but the Soyle being rich and fertile and the climate hot if they were planted there they would prosper exceedingly and yeelde good Sackes and Canary wines which in those parts we finde to be very wholesome Many other necessary prouisions sufficient for the sustenance of man doe there abound in plenty Namely Deere of all sorts wilde Swine in great numbers whereof there are two kindes the one small by the Indians called Pockiero which hath the nanile in the backe the other is called Paingo and is as faire and large as any we haue in England There be store of Hares and Conies but of a kinde far differing from ours There be Tigers Leopards Ounces Armadils Maipuries which are in taste like Beefe wil take falt Baremoes or Ant-Beares which taste like Mutton other small beasts of the same taste coloured like a Fawne Elkes Monkies and Marmosites of diuers sorts both great and small of these beasts there bee innumerable and by experience we haue found them all good meate Many other kindes of beasts there are of sundry and strange shapes which hereafter shall be figured in their true proportion according to the life with their names annexed Of Fowles there bee diuers kindes namely Wild-ducks Widgins Teales Wild-geese Herons of diuers colours Cranes Storkes Pheasants Patridges Doues Stock-doues Black-birds Curlewes Godwits Woodcokes Snites Parrots of sundry sorts many other kindes of great and small Birds of rare colours besides great rauenous Fowles and Hawkes of euery kinde Of fish the varietie is great first of Sea fish there is Sea-breame Mullet Soale Scate Thornebacke the Sword-fish Sturgeon Seale a fish like vnto a Salmon but as the Salmon is red this is yellow Shrimps Lobsters and Oysters which hang vpon the branches of Trees There is a rare fish called Cassoorwa which hath in each eye two sights and as it swimmeth it beareth the lower sights within the water and the other aboue the ribs and back of this fish resemble those parts of a man hauing the ribs round and the back flat with a dent therein as a man hath it is somewhat bigger then a Smelt but farre exceeding it for daintie meate and many other sorts there be most excellent Of fresh-water fish many kindes vnknowne in these parts but all exceeding good and daintie And I dare be bold to say that this Countrie may compare with any other of the world for the great varietie of excellent fish both of the Sea and fresh Waters There is also a Sea-fish which vsually commeth into the fresh waters especially in the winter and wet season it is of great esteeme amongst vs and we account it halfe flesh for the bloud of it is warme it commeth vp into the shallow waters in the drowned lands and feedeth vpon grasse and weedes the Indians name it Coiumero and the Spaniards Manati but wee call it the Sea-cow in taste it is like beefe will take salt and serue to victuall ships as in our knowledge hath beene proued by our Countrimen Of this fish may bee made an excellent oile for many purposes the fat of it is good to frie either fish or flesh the hide as I haue heard will make good buffe and being dried in the Sunne and kept from wet will serue for Targets and Armour against the Indian arrowes In the wet season the store of them are infinite some of these hides were heretofore brought into England by Sir Walter Rawleigh The seuerall kindes of fruits are many the Pina Platana Potato Medler Plums of diuers forts the Nuts of strange kindes The excellency of the Pina I cannot expresse for I dare boldly affirme that the world affoordeth not a more delicate fruit In taste it is like Straw-berries Claret-wine and Sugar The Platana is also a very good fruit and tasteth like an old Pippin The Potato is well knowne The Medler exceedeth in greatnesse The Plums I cannot commend for to eate much of them doth cause fluxes which in those Countries are dangerous The Nuts are good being moderately eaten HAuing thus most excellent Prince declared the seuerall sorts of prouisions for victuals and necessarie foodes it remayneth that I now make mention of the varietie of commodities found in the Countrie for the trade of merchandise which in few yeeres by our paines and industrie may be brought to perfection and so setled in those parts that not onely the vndertakers may receiue reward for their indeuours but our Countrie also may grow rich by trading for the fruits of our labours The first and principall commoditie of estimation are the Sugar-canes whereof in those parts there is great plentie the soile is as fertill for them as in any other part of the world They doe there grow to great bignesse in a short time by orderly and fit planting of them and by erecting conuenient workes for the boyling and making of Sugars which at the first will require some charge and expence may be yeerly returned great benefit and wealth the long experience of the Portugals and Spaniards in Brasil and the Iland of the Canaries and of the Moores in Barbarie may giue vs certaine assurance and full satisfaction thereof The Cotton wooll is a generall commoditie beneficiall to our Merchants and profitable to our Countrie by making of Fustians and seruing for Bumbaste and other vses for making of Hamaccas which are the Indian beds most necessarie in those parts and also of a fine cotton cloth for clothing of the people There is a naturall Hempe or Flax of great vse almost as fine cloth it is most excellent There bee many rare and singular commodities for Dyers of which sort there is a red berrie called Annoto which being rightly prepared by the Indians dyeth a perfect and sure Orange-tawnie in silke it hath beene sold in Holland for twelue shillings starling the pound and is yet of a good price There is another berrie that dyeth blue There is also a gumme of a tree whereof I haue seene experience that in cloth dyeth a sure and perfect yellow in graine There bee leaues of certaine Trees which being rightly prepared doe die a deepe red There is also a wood which dyeth a purple and is of a good price and another that dyeth yellow There is yet another wood which dyeth a purple when the liquor is hot and a crimson when the liquor is cold Many other notable things there are no doubt not yet knowne vnto vs which by our diligent labour and obseruation in time will be discouered and found The sweet Gummes of inestimable value and strange operation in physicke and chirurgerie are innumerable there is yellow Amber Gumma Lemnia Colliman or Carriman Barratta and many more which I omit The Collman hath beene proued by Master Walter Cary of Wictham in Buckinghamshice a Gentleman of great iudgement and practice in physicke to be of speciall regard
their enemies they make great noises striking with certaine stickes vpon others Others called Quirigma these were Lords of the Countries of the Bay and therefore it is called the Bay Cuirimure The Tupinabas did expell them out of their Countries and remained Lords of them and the Tapuyas went toward the South Others called Maribuco in habit in the Maine right against the great Riuer Others called Catagua doe liue right against Iequeriquare betweene the Holy Ghost and Port Secure Others called Tapuxerig are enemies of the Tapuyas and eate vp their Corne fields Others that dwell about the Maine that goeth toward Saint Vincent are called Amocaxo and were enemies of the Tupinaquins Others called Nonea haue verie great faces Others called Apuy dwell neere the field of the Maine they are great singers and haue another Speech Others called Panaguiri differing from the former Others also differing called Bigrorgya Others called Piriju there are a great number of these All these seuentie sixe Nations of Tapuyas which haue the most of them a sundry Language are a wilde sauage and vntamed people they are all for the most part enemies of the people that dwell in the Sea Coast neighbouring to the Portugals onely a certaine kind of Tapuyas that liue in the Riuer of Saint Francis and others that dwell nearer are friends of the Portugals and entertaine them verie well when they passe through their Countries Of these many are Christians that were brought by the Fathers from the Maine and learning the Speech of them of the Sea Coast which the Fathers can speake they baptized them and many of them doe liue in the Townes of the Fathers married and serue them for Interpreters for the remedie of so great a number of people as is lost and onely with these Tapuyas may some fruit bee gotten with the rest of the Tapuyas no conuersion can be wrought because of their mutabilitie and the hauing manie and sundrie very hard Languages Onely there remaineth one remedie if the Lord God doe not discouer another and it is getting some of their children and making them to learne the Speech of the rest and seruing for Interpreters may some fruit be gotten though with great difficultie for the Reasons abouesaid and manie other The Climate of Brasill generally is temperate of good delicate and healthfull aire where the men liue Ion euen to 90. 100. and more yeeres and the Countrie is full of old men Generally it is neither cold nor hot though from the Riuer of I anuarie vnto Saint Vincent there be colds and heates but not very great The Heauens are very pure and cleere especially by night the Moone is very preiudiciall vnto health and corrupteth the things very much The mornings are verie healthfull it hath verie little twilights as well in the morning as in the euenings for as soone as it is day presently the Sun riseth and as soone as it is set it is night Their Winter beginneth in March and endeth in August the Summer beginneth in September and endeth in Februarie the nights and daies are all the yeere almost equall The Countrie is some what melancholicke ouerflowne with many waters as wel of maine Riuers as from the Skie in it is great store of raine chiefly in Winter it is ful of great Woods that are greene all the yeere It is a Hilly Countrie especially toward the Sea Coast and from Pernambuco vnto the Captaineship of the Holy Ghost is verie scarce of stone but from thence to Saint Vincent are verie rough and high Mountaines of great Quarries of Rockie stone the food and waters are generally healthfull light and of easie digestion There are few Commodities for apparell because the Countrie yeeldeth nothing but Cotton-wooll and of the rest the Countrie is plentifull especially of Cattell and Sugars §. IIII. Of the Beasts Land-serpents Fowles THe Deere in the Brasilian tongue is called Cuacu there are some very great like faire Horses they are well headed and some haue ten or twelue snags these are rare and they are found in the Riuer of Saint Francis and in the Captainship of Saint Uincent These are called Cuacuapara they are esteemed of the Carijos who of the shankes and sinowes make the points of their Arrowes and certaine throwing Balls which they vse for to strike downe beasts and men There bee other smaller they haue hornes also but they are onely of one point besides these there are three or foure kindes some that feede onely in the Woods others onely in the plaine fields in heards They make great account of the skinnes and of the flesh The Tapijrete are the Elkes of whose skinne the leather Targets are made they are like Kine much more like a Mule the tayle is of a finger length they haue no hornes they haue a snout of a quarter long which he shrinketh vp and putteth forth They swimme and diue very much but when they diue they take ground presently vnder water and going on it they come out in another place there are great store of them in this Conntrie There are great store of wilde Boares and it is the ordinary food of the Indians of this Countrie they haue the nauell on their backe and out of it there cometh a sent like the sent of little Foxes and by that sent the Dogs doe hunt them and they are easily taken There are others called Tayacutirica that is to say a Boare that snappeth or grindeth his teeth these are bigger then the common and more rare and with their tushes they goare all the beasts they meete Others are talled Tayacupita that is a Boare that standeth still and tarieth these doe assault the Dogs and the men and if they catch them they eate them they are are so fierce that men are forced to take the trees to escape them and some doe stay at the foot of the trees some dayes till the man doe come downe and because they know this tricke of theirs they goe presently to the trees with their Bowes and Arrowes and from thence they kill them There bee also other kinde of Boares all good meate The Acutis are like the Conies of Spaine chiefely in their teeth the colour is dunne and draweth toward yellow they are domesticall creatures so that they goe about the house and goe out and come in againe to it they take with their fore-feet all that they eate and so they carrie it to the mouth and they eate very fast and hide that which they leaue against they be an hungred Of these there are many kindes and all are eaten The Pacâ—t are like Pigs there are great abundance of them the flesh is pleasant but it is heauie They neuer bring forth but one at once There bee others very white these bee rare they are found in the Riuer of Saint Francis There are many Ounces some blacke some grey some speckled it a very cruell beast and fierce they assault men exceedinly that euen on the trees they
blacke and for to keepe water in Cisternes it is not so sure but for the rest as good as the stone in Spaine There wanâ— no Muscles in this Countrie they serue the Indians and the Portugals for Spoones and Kniues they haue a â—aire siluer colour in them is found some seed Pearle there is a small kind of them whereon the Sea-guls doe feed and because they cannot breake them they haue such a naturall instinct that taking them vp into the Aire they let them fall so many times till they breake it and then they eate them The Perewinkles are very tastefull and good in this Countrie and some seed Pearle is found in them and so of the Perewinkles and of the Muscles there is great store of many and sundrie kinds The greatest Wilkes which are called Gâ—â—tapiggâ—â—â—â— that is a great Wilkâ— are much esteemed of the Indians for of them they make their Trumpets Furnitures Beades Brooches Eare-rings and Gloues for the children and they are of such esteeme among them that for one they will giue any one person that they haue captiue and the Portugals gaue in olde time a Crowne for one they are as white as Iuorie and many of them are of two quarters broad and one in length The Piraguaig are also eaten and of the shelles they make their Beades and for so many fathome they gâ—ue a person Of these the Sea casteth vp sometimes great heapes a wonderfull thing Of Wilkes and Skallops there is great quantitie in this Countrie very faire and to bee esteemed of sundrie kinds They find great store of white-stone Corrall vnder water it groweth like small Trees all in leaues and Canes as the red Corrall of India and if this also were so there would be great riches in this Countrie for the great abundance there is of it it is very white it is gotten with difficultie they make lime of it also There are great multitudes of Prawnes because this Coast is almost all enuironed with shelues and Rockes there are also many Sea-ruffes and other Monsters found in the Concauities of the Rockes great Craâ—esses or Crabbes like those of Europe it seemes there bee none in these parts The Mangue Trees are like the Swallowes or Willâ—wes of Europe there is so great quantitie of them in the armes or creeks that the Sea maketh within the Land that many leagues of the Land is of these Trees that are watered with the tides We trauelled I say leagues and whole daies in the Riuers where these Trees are and they are alwaies greene faire and pleasant and of many kinds The wood is good to burne and for to build houses it is very heauie and hard as Iron of the barke they make Inke and it serueth to tanne Leather and they are of many kindes A certaine kind of them doe cast certaine twigs from the top of their length some times as long as a Launce till they come to the water and then they cast many branches and rootes and these branches remaine fast in the earth and while they are greene these twigs are tender and because they are hollow within they make good Flutes of them In these Creekes are a certaine kinde of Gnats called Mareguis as small as Hennes Lice they bite in such sort that they leaue such a Wheale smart and itching that a man cannot helpe himselfe for euen through the clothes they pricke and it is a good penance and mortification to suffer them on a Morning or an Euening there is no other remedie to defend themselues from them but to anoint themselues with dirt or to make a great fire and smoke In these Creekes are many Crabs Oysters and Water Rats and there is one kind of these Rats a monstrous thing for all the day they sleepe and wake all night In these Creekes the Parrets breeds which are so many in number and make such a noise that it seemeth the noise of Sparrowes or Dawes On the Sands they finde great store of Parsley as good and better then that of Portugall whereof also they make Conserues Birds that doe feed and are found in the salt water THe Bird Guiratinga is white of the bignesse of the Cranes of Portugall they are extreame white and haue verie long feete the bill verie cruell and sharpe and verie faire of a verie fine yellow the legges are also verie long betweene Red and Yellow On the necke it hath the finest Plume Feathers that can bee found and they are like the Estridges Feathers of Africa Caripira by another name Forked-tayles are many they are called Forked-tayles because their taile is diuided in the middle the Indians make great account of the Feathers for the feathering of their Arrowes and say that they last long at sometimes they are verie fat the fat is good for the loosenesse These Birds doe vse to bring newes a land of the ships and they are so certaine in this that very seldome they faile for when they are seene ordinarily within twentie or thirtie daies the ships doe come Guaca is properly the Sea-mew of Portugall their ordinarie food are Cockles and because they are hard and they cannot breake them they take them in their bill and letting them fall many times they breake them and eate them of these Sea-mâ—â—â—es there are an infinite number of kinds that the Trees and the strands are full of them Guirateonteon is called in Portugall Scâ—ld-pâ—te it is called Guirâ—â—eâ—ntâ—on that is a Bird that hath deadly accidents and that dieth and liueth againe as though it had the Falling sicknesse and these fits are so great that many times the Indians doe find them along the strands and take them in their hands and thinking they are dead doe fling them away and they assoone as they fall doe rise and flie away they are white and faire and there are other kinds of these that haue the same accidents The Calcaâ—â—r are as bigge as Tuttle-doues or Pigeons the men of the Countrie say that they lay their Egges in the Sea and there they hatch and breed their young they flie not but with their wings and feet they swimme very swiftly they foreshew great calmes and showres and in calme weather they are so many along the shippes that the Mariners cannot tell what to doe they are euen the very spite it selfe and melancholy The Ayâ—yâ— are as bigge as a Pye-â—nâ—et more white thâ—n red they haue a faire colour of whiâ—â— bespotted with red the bill is long and like a Spoone For to catch the fish it hath this â—â—ght it striketh with the foot in the water and stretching out his neck carrieth for the fish and catcheth it and therefore the Indians say it hath humane knowledge The C 〈…〉 ra is small and gray it hath faire eies with a verie faire red circle it hath a strange note for the he that heareth it thinketh it is of a verie great
which ouer-top it and as it seemeth were planted by the Diuine prouidence to preserue it from Sunne and winde Out of this Valley ordinarily rise euery day great vapours and exhalations which by reason that the Sunne is hindered to worke his operation with the height of the Mountaine towards the South-east conuert themselues into moisture and so bedew all the trees of the Valley and from those which ouer-top this Tree drops downe the dew vpon his leaues and so from his leaues into a round Well of stone which the Naturals of the Land haue made to receiue the water of which the people and cattell haue great reliefe but sometimes it raineth and then the Inhabitants doe reserue water for many dayes to come in their Cisternes and Tynaxes which is that they drinke of and wherewith they principally sustaine themselues The Citie of the Grand Canaria and chiefe Port is on the West side of the Iland the head Towne and Port of Tenerifa is towards the South part and the Port and Towne of the Palma and Gomera on the East side In Gomera some three leagues Southward from the Towne is a great Riuer of water but all these Ilands are perilous to land in for the siege caused by the Ocean Sea which alwaies is forcible and requireth great circumspection whosoeuer hath not vrgent cause is either to goe to the Eastwards or to the Westwards of all these Ilands as well to auoide the calmes which hinder some times eight or ten dayes sayling as the contagion which their distemperature is wont to cause and with it to breede Calenturas which wee call burning Feuers These Ilands are said to be first discouered by a Frenchman called Iohn de Betancourt about the yeere 1405. They are now a Kingdome subiect to Spaine Being cleare of the Ilands and seeing my selfe past hope of returning backe without some extraordinarie accident I began to set order in my Companie and victuals And for that to the Southwards of the Canaries is for the most part an idle Nauigation I deuised to keepe my people occupied as well to continue them in health for that too much ease in hot Countries is neither profitable nor healthful as also to diuert them from remembrance of their home from play which breedeth many inconueniences and other bad thoughts and workes which idlenesse is cause of and so shifting my companie as the custome is into Starboord and Larboord men the halfe to watch and worke whilest the others slept and take rest I limited the three dayes of the weeke which appertained to each to be employed in this manner the one for the vse and cleansing of their Armes the other for roomaging making of Sayles Nettings Decking and defenses of our Ships and the third for cleansing their bodies mending and making their apparell and necessaries which though it came to be practised but once in seuen dayes for that the Sabboth is euer to be reserued for God alone with the ordinarie obligation which each person had besides was many times of force to be omitted and thus wee directed our course betwixt the Ilands of Cape de Verde and the Maine These Ilands are held to bee scituate in one of the most vnhealthiest Climates of the world and therefore it is wisedome to shunne the sight of them how much more to make abode in them In two times that I haue beene in them either cost vs the one halfe of our people with Feuers and Fluxes of sundrie kindes some shaking some burning some partaking of both some possest with frensie others with slouth and in one of them it cost mee sixe moneths sicknesse with no small hazard of life which I attribute to the distemperature of the aire for being within fourteene degrees of the Equinoctiall Line the Sunne hath great force all the yeere and the more for that often they passe two three and foure yeeres without raine and many times the earth burneth in that manner as a man well shod cannot indure to goe where the Sunne shineth With which extreme heate the bodie fatigated greedily desireth refreshing and longeth for the comming of the Breze which is the North-east winde that seldome fayleth in the afternoone at foure of the clocke or sooner which comming cold and fresh and finding the pores of the bodie open and for the most part naked penetrateth the very bones and so causeth sudden distemperature and sundrie manners of sicknesse as the Subiects are diuers whereupon they worke Departing out of the Calmes of the Ilands and comming into the fresh Breze it causeth the like and I haue seene within two dayes after that wee haue partaked of the fresh aire of two thousand men aboue an hundred and fiftie haue beene crazed in their health The Inhabitants of these Ilands vse a remedie for this which at my first being amongst them seemed vnto mee ridiculous but since time and experience hath taught to bee grounded vpon reason And is that vpon their heads they weare a Night-cap vpon it a Moutero and a Hat ouer that and on their bodies a sute of thicke Cloth and vpon it a Gowne furr'd or lined with Cotton or Bayes to defend them from the heate in that manner as the Inhabitants of cold Countries to guard themselues from the extremitie of the cold Which doubtlesse is the best diligence that any man can vse and whosoeuer proueth it shall finde himselfe lesse annoyed with the heate then if he were thinly cloathed for that where the cold aire commeth it pierceth not so subtilly The Moone also in this climate as in the coast of Guynne and in all hot Countries hath forcible operation in the body of man and therefore as the Plannet most preiudiciall to his health is to he shunned as also not to sleepe in the open Ayre or with any Scuttle or Window open whereby the one or the other may enter to hurt For a person of credit told me that one night in a Riuer of Guynne leauing his window open in the side of his Cabin the Moone shining vpon his shoulder left him with such an extraordinary paine and furious burning in it as in aboue twenty houres he was like to run mad but in fine with force of Medicines and cures after long torment he was eased Of these Ilands are two pyles the one of them lyeth out of the way of Trade more Westerly and so little frequented the other lyeth some fourescore leagues from the Maine and containeth sixe in number to wit Saint Iago Fuego Mayo Bonavisto Sal and Brano They are belonging to the Kingdome of Portugall and inhabited by people of that Nation and are of great trade by reason of the neighbourhood they haue with Guynne and Bynne but the principall is the buying and selling of Negros They haue store of Sugar Salt Rice Cotten-wooll and Cotton-cloth Ambergreece Cyuit Olyphants teeth Brimstone Pummy stone Spunge and some Gold but little and that from the mayne Saint Iago is the head
with a great number of Hogs which are as tame as ours they haue Hennes Capons Partriges Duckes Turtles Pigeons Stock-doues and Goats as one of my Captaines did see And the Indians themselues haue giuen vs notice of Cowes and Oxen. There are also sundry sorts of fish Harghi Persereyes Lize Soles Trowts Shads Macabises Casanes Pampani Pilchard Thorn-backes or Skate-fish Cuculi Congers Porposes Rochets Muscles Lobsters and many other the names whereof I cannot now remember But it is probable that there are diuers other kindes since those which I haue recounted were taken hard by our ships And vpon ripe and serious consideration of that which I haue represented vnto you a man may easily collect that such plentifull and different varieties of all things may yeeld great and singular delights There is stuffe for Marchpaneâ— and sweet Confections of all sorts without borrowing any Spice for the composition of them else where And for my Mates the Mariners besides those particulars which I haue before set downe there will bee no want of Gammons Sawsages and other salt meates which Hogges doe yeeld neither of Vineger Spiceries and other Sawces that serue for delicacie and to awake the appetite And you must oberue that many of these things are the same with those which we haue in our parts and possibly they are there in greater abundance by all which it is easily to be coniectured that this Countrey is fit for the production of all that which groweth in Europe 4. The Riches which I haue seene in those parts are Siluer and Pearle another Captaine in his Relation doth report that he hath seene Gold which are the three most precious Darlings that he and are cherished in the bosome of Nature wee haue also both seene much Nutmegs Mace Ginger and Pepper There is also notice of Cinamon and it is likely that Cloues may be found in those parts since so many other sorts of Spiceries and Aromaticall drugges doe prosper there and that the rather because these Countryes lye very neere the parallell of the Iles of Terrenatte Bachian and the Moluccos There are likewise materials for all sorts of Silke and wee haue seene Aâ—ise-seed and excellent good Ebonie as also other kindes of wood proper for the building of as many ships as one will desire and stuffe to make sayles for the same Three sorts of materials there are wherewithall to make Cordage and one of them is very like vnto our Hemp. Moreouer out of the Oyle of Cocos whereof I haue already made mention there is a kind of bituminous stuffe extracted called Galagala which may be well vsed for Pitch They make also a kind of Rosen with which the Indians pitch their Boats which they call Piraguas And since there are Goats and Kowes in those parts without question we shall haue Goat-skins Leather Tallow and flesh in full abundance The Bees which we haue seene there doe make proofe that there will be no scarcitie of Honey and Waxe And there is good appearance to discouer many other things which are not yet knowne to say nothing touching the forme and scite of the Countrey Vnto all which if that bee adioyned which the industry of man may contribute to those parts since there is such abundance of commodities which the Countrey it selfe doth yeeld and such hope to transport thither those things which grow with vs the best and choisest which Peru and New Spaine bring forth I haue resolued to transferre thither it is to bee hoped that this will so enrich that Countrey that it will be able to nourish and furnish not only the Inhabitants of the same and those of America but giue an accession vnto Spaine it selfe both of Riches and extent of command and this may bee accomplished after the manner which I haue proiected and will vnfold vnto those which shall lend an assisting hand for the guiding and consummation of this worke Now by that Land which we haue alreadie discouered outwardly and along the shoares without entrance into the inward parts we doe conceiue a certaine Argument that as much Riches Commodities and greatnesse may bee hoped from thence as wee haue already in these Countreyes And you may bee pleased to vnderstand that my principall ayme was to take a view only of these ample Regions which we haue discouered for by reason of many sicknesses which haue weakened me and some other chances whereof I will at this time make no mention I was not able to suruay all which I desired neither could I in a full moneth haue seene all that which I was of my selfe inclinable to view You are not to make your iudgement of the Indians that inhabit these Countreyes according to the honour of the people here or conceiue them to bee affected with the same desires pleasures necesities or estimation of things that we are But you are to make account that they are a people whose care is studiously placed vpon this that they may liue easily in this World and passe their dayes with the least paine and perturbation they can And this is indeed their practise for they do not bestow themselues on those things which with such vexation and torment we here labour to obtaine 5. There are found in this Countrey as many commodities both for the support and delectation of the life of man as may bee expected from a soyle that is Manurable pleasant and verie temperate It is a fat and fertile Land wherein many places clay is found which will prooue of excellent vse to build houses and to make Tiles and Brickes and will serue for whatsoeuer is vsually made of earth There is Marble and other good stones wherewith if there bee occasion there may bee built structures of greater State and Magnificence The Countrey aboundeth in wood fit for all workes and vses whereunto the same is commonly put There are spacious and goodly plaines and fields that are diuided and interlated with Brookes Trenches and Riuers There are great and high Rockes sundry Torrents Riuers great and little on which water-mils for Corne may with much commodiousnesse be built and placed as also Engins to make Sugar Tucking-mils Forges and all other Instruments which in their vse doe require water We haue found Salt-pits there and which is a note of the fertilitie of the soile there are in many places Canes whereof some are fiue or sixe handfuls thick with fruit answerable to that proportion The top of that Fruit is verie small and hard and the skinne thereof is exceeding sweet There are also flints for fire equall in goodnesse with those of Madrid The Bay of Saint Iames and Saint Philip hath twentie leagues of banke and is without mudde into which there is a sure and safe entrance both by day and night It is sheltered and couered with many houses whiâ—h in the day time we haue seene afarre off to send forth smoke and in the night store of fire The Hauen called The true Crosse is of that spacious
for a bastard-sonne of Diego de Almagro to bee reuenged of his fathers death slue Pizarro for which act he lost his head In this controuersie betweene these two partners were slaine also two brothers of Pizarro and the third was carried prisoner into Spaine and there died in Prison but the fourth called Gonsaluo Pizarro rebelled with the whole Countrie and became a cruell Tyrant vanquishing many of the Emperours Captaines in battell and possessing the Countrie in peace for two yeeres howbeit being in the end ouercome hee lost his head like a Traitour And thus died they all an euill death that were causes of the death of that innocent King Atabalipa And yet there are mutinies raised oftentimes by the Spaniards but the Indians neuer rebelled after they had once peace granted vnto them The Indian people of this Land are parted among the Spaniards some being slaues vnto the Gentlemen that conquered their Land other some to others and the residue to the King and these Indians pay each man for his tribute seuen Pezos of fine Gold which is about ten Ducats and an halfe There are in this Countrie aboue fortie Cities and Townes inhabited by the Spaniards also they haue here erected nine Bishopricks and one Archbishopricke Now after this Countrie was fully conquered and brought in good order certaine Spaniards being desirous to discouer the land on the other side of the snowie Mountaines found a very wholesome Countrie and there inhabited The said Prouince situate behinde the Mountaines is called The Prouince of Tucuman wherein are fiue townes inhabited by the Spaniards the last of them called Cordoua from which towne vnto Santa Fee situate vpon the Riuer of Plate it is seuentie leagues This towne of Santa Fee was built in that place to seeke a way to Peru by the Riuer of Plate And from hence downe the said Riuer to Buenos Ayres are 120. leagues and from Buenos Ayres vnto Seal-Island you haue 40. leagues Now hauing put down all that I know concerning the Countrie of Peru and of the way from the Riuer of Plate vnto Tucuman I will returne vnto Atacama the Southermost town vpon the coast of Peru where I left From this towne of Atacama till you come to Arica all the coast is inhabited by Indians subiect vnto the Spaniards But since Captain Drake was here they haue built Towers by the Sea side whereon seeing any saile that they doe mistrust they presently make smoakes and so from Tower to Tower they warne all the Countrey Hauing before spoken of Arica all that I can I will now proceede to the next Port called Camana being a Towne of Spaniards and containing about two hundred houses Here they make store of Wine and haue abundance of Figges and Reisins The next Towne called Acari containeth about three hundred houses and here is made the best and greatest store of Wine in all Peru. From hence passing along the coast you come to El Calao the Port of Lima consisting of about two hundred houses and here was a strong Fort built since Captaine Drake was vpon the coast The Citie of Lima standing two leagues within the land and containing two thousand houses is very rich and of more trade then all the Cities of Peru besides and this Citie is the seate of the Viceroy the Archbishop and the Inquisition Next vnto this standeth a small towne of the Spaniards by the Sea side called Santa and next vnto Santa is another small towne of Christians called Cannete From hence they saile vnto a rich Citie called Truxillo being one of the principall townes of Peru and containing about fiue hundred houses Then followeth Paita which hath to the number of two hundred houses Leauing this towne they passe to Guaiaquil which standeth fortie leagues vp into a great Bay or Riuer at the entrance of which Riuer standeth Tumbez a towne of the Indians All this coast along from Atacama to Tumbez it neuer raineth as I haue before said so that all the houses in their townes are not tyled but couered with boords to keepe off the heate of the Sunne for they feare no raine at all Guaiaquil is the first place where it raineth and here they gather Salsaperilla Here is also great store of timber and at this place they build many Ships Hence they saile along the coast to a small and poore towne called Puerto Vieio which in times past hath beene rich with Emralds but now since these stones in regard of their plenty are growne nothing worth this towne likewise is waxen very poore Below this Village standeth another called La Buena Uentura but whosoeuer goe thither must needes meete with euill fortune the place it selfe is so waterish and vnholesome Here abide not aboue twentie men who serue onely to transport goods into a Citie standing fiftie leagues within the maine in a Prouince called La gouernacion de Popaian From Buena ventura and Popaian till you come to Panama there is no other towne by reason of the high Mountaines the manifold Riuers and the vnholesomenesse of the Countrie In this place doe inhabit the Negros that run from their Masters and vpon these Mountaines was Oxenham the English Captaine and his men taken as is before mentioned Beyond these Mountains standeth the Citie of Panama being a rich place by reason that all the treasure which commeth from Peru is brought thither and it consisteth of about foure hundred houses The coast running along betweene this Citie and Nueua Espanna is called Costa rica Next vnto Costa rica which is a Mountainous and desolate place lieth the coast of Nicaragua being inhabited by the Spaniards and hauing many good ports belonging to it and is frequented with trade of Merchandize but hauing no knowledge of the situation thereof nor of the towns therein contained I surcease to speake any more of it A certaine Viceroy of Nueua Espanna called Don Luis de Velasco caused certaine Ships to be built for the discouery of the Malucos and of the coast of China which Ships in sailing thitherward from certaine Islands eightie leagues distant from the maine land which the Spaniards according to the name of their King called The Philippinas and hauing conquered one of these Ilands called Manilla inhabited with a barbarous kinde of people they built a fort and a towne thereupon from whence they haue trade with the people of China Vnto these Islands they haue foure great Ships that vsually trade two of them continually going and two comming so that such Spices and Silkes as the Portugals bring home out of the East Indies the very same doe the Spaniards bring from these Islands and from China for Mexico the chiefe Citie of Nueua Espanna The principall Port townes of the coast of Nueua Espanna are Guatulco and Acapulco All the Viceroyes and Gouernours that the King of Spaine sendeth for Peru and Nuena Espanna haue a custome for the obtaining of his
they calked them with the flaxe of the Countrie and with the Mantles which they rauelled for that purpose A Cooper made for euery Brigandine two halfe hogs heads which the Mariners call quarterers because foure of them hold a Pipe of water In the moneth of March when it had not rained a moneth before the Riuer grew so big that it came to Nilco which was nine leagues off and on the other side the Indians said that it reached other nine leagues into the land In the towne where the Christians were which was somewhat high ground where they could best goe the water reached to the stirrops They made certaine rafts of timber and laid many boughes vpon them whereon they set their horses and in the houses they did the like But seeing that nothing preuailed they went vp to the lofts and if they went out of the houses it was in Canoes or on horseback in those places where the ground was highest So they were two moneths and could doe nothing during which time the Riuer decreased not The Indians ceased not to come vnto the Brigantines as they were wont and came in Canoes At that time the Gouernour feared they would set vpon him He commanded his men to take an Indian secretly of those that came to the Towne and stay him till the rest were gone and they tooke one The Gouernour commanded him to be put to torture to make him confesse whether the Indians did practise any treason or no. Hee confessed that the Caciques of Nilco Guachoya and Taguanate and others which in all were about twenty Caciques with a great number of people determined to come vpon him and that three dayes before they would send a great present of fish to colour their great treason and malice and on the very day they would send some Indians before with another present And these with those which were our slaues which were of their conspiracie also should set the houses on fire and first of all possesse themselues of the lances which stood at the doores of the houses and the Caciques with all their men should be neere the Towne in ambush in the wood and when they saw the fire kindled should come and make an end of the conquest The Gouernour commanded the Indian to be kept in a chaine and the selfe same day that he spake of there came thirty Indians with fish Hee commanded their right hands to be cut off and sent them so backe to the Cacique of Guachaya whose men they were He sent him word that he and the rest should come when they would for he desired nothing more and that he should know that they taught not any thing which he knew not before they thought of it Hereupon they all were put in a very great feare And the Caciques of Nilco and Taguanate came to excuse themselues and a few dayes after came he of Guachoya The Brigandines being finished in the moneth of Iune the Indians hauing told vs That the Riuer increased but once a yeare when the Snowes did melt in the time wherein I mentioned it had already increased being now in Summer and hauing not rained a long time it pleased God that the flood came vp to the Towne to seeke the Brigandines from whence they carried them by water to the Riuer Which if they had gone by land had beene in danger of breaking and splitting their keeles and to be all vndone because that for want of Iron the spikes were short and the plankes and timber were very weake They shipped two and twenty of the best Horses that were in the Campe the rest they made dried flesh of and dressed the Hogges which they had in like manner They departed from Minoya the second day of Iuly 1543. There went from Minoya three hundred twenty and two Spaniards in seuen Brigandines well made saue that the plankes were thin because the nailes were short and were not pitched nor had any decks to keepe the water from comming in In stead of deckes they laid plankes whereon the Marriners might run to trim their sailes and the people might refresh themselues aboue and below They sailed downe the Riuer seuenteene dayes which may be two hundred and fiftie leagues iourney little more or lesse and neere vnto the Sea the Riuer is diuided into two armes each of them is a league and a halfe broad By the way the Indians set on them slew some and wounded many The eighteenth of Iuly they went forth to Sea with faire and prosperous weather for their voyage They sailed with a reasonable good winde that day and the night following and the next day till euening song alwaies in fresh water whereat they wondred much for they were very farre from land But the force of the current of the Riuer is so great and the coast there is so shallow and gentle that the fresh water entreth farre into the Sea They indured an intolerable storme first and after that the torment of an infinite swarme of Moskitos which fell vpon them which as soone as they had stung the flesh it so infected it as though they had beene venomous For the sayles which were white seemed blacke with them Those which rowed vnlesse others kept them away were not able to rowe Hauing passed the feare and danger of the storme beholding the deformities of their faces and the blowes which they gaue themselues to driue them away one of them laughed at another They met all together in the creeke where the two Brigandines were which outwent their fellowes There was found a skumme which they call Copee which the Sea casteth vp and it is like Pitch wherewith in some places where Pitch is wanting they pitch their ships there they pitched their Brigandines They rested two dayes and then eftsoones proceeded on their Voyage They sailed two dayes more and landed in a Bay or arme of the Sea where they stayed two dayes From the time that they put out of Rio Grande to the Sea at their departure from Florida vntill they arriued in the Riuer of Panuco were two and fiftie dayes They came into the Riuer of Panuco the tenth of September 1543. There arriued there of those that came out of Florida three hundred and eleuen Christians From the Port de Spiritu Santo where they landed when they entred into Florida to the Prouince of Ocute which may be foure hundred leagues little more or lesse is a very plaine Countrie and hath many Lakes and thicke Woods and in some places they are of wilde Pine-trees and is a weake soyle There is in it neither Mountaine nor Hill The Countrie of Ocute is more fat and fruitfull it hath thinner Woods and very goodly Medowes vpon the Riuers From Ocute to Cutifachiqui may be an hundred and thirty leagues eightie leagues thereof are Desart and haue many Groues of wilde Pine-trees Through the Wildernesse great Riuers doe passe From Cutifachiqui to Xuala may bee two hundred and fifty leagues it is
soeuer they be doe neuerthelesse keepe them to one and their owne wife as nature and necessitie teacheth and yet we see some Spaniard haue fourteene or more which Gods Commandements doe forbid The Indians deuoure no mans goods they doe no man wrong they doe not vexe trouble or slay any where themselues doe see the Spaniards commit all sinnes iniquities and treacheries that man can commit against all equitie and iustice To be briefe the Indians doe not beleeue any thing but doe mocke at all that is shewed them of God being in truth fully rooted in this opinion of our God that he is the worst and most vniust and the most wicked of all Gods because he hath such seruants also concerning your Maiestie they thinke you the most vniust and cruell of all Kings because you doe both send thither and keepe here such euill Subiects supposing that your Maiestie doth feed vpon humane flesh and bloud The Spaniards hauing authoritie to command or particular interest in the Indies cannot by reason of their great couetousnesse abstaine from afflicting troubling disquieting vexing or oppressing the Indians taking away their goods lands wiues or children and vsing among them many other kindes of iniquitie for the which they can haue no redresse sanction or warrant at your Maiesties chiefe Iustice because the Spaniards doe make them afraide yea sometimes doe kill them lest they should complaine They doe night and day mourne after their Gods thinking them to be better then ours at whom they sustaine such harmes while contrariwise of their owne they reape there so many commodities and there is nothing that troubleth them so much as the Christians Wee can shew to your Maiestie that the Spaniards haue within eight and thirty or forty yeeres slaine of iust accompt aboue twelue millions of your Subiects I will not say how mightily this world of people might haue multiplied This Countrey being the fertilest whether for cattell or mankinde that is in the world the soyle being for the most part more temperate and fauourable to humane generation All these innumerable persons and all these people haue the Spaniards slaine to the end to beare sway gouerne and command ouer the rest and when in vniust warres they haue slaine them then doe they vse the rest who iustly haue withstood them in drawing Gold and Siluer yoking them together like beasts to make them carrie their burdens What plague of pestilence or mortalitie could there haue fallen from heauen that had beene able to consume or make waste aboue 2500. leagues of flat Country replenished with people and would not haue left either trauailer or inhabitant The Spaniards onely for their temporall commoditie haue blemished the Indies with the greatest infamie that any man euen among the most horrible and villanous persons in the world could be charged withall and whereby they haue sought to take them out of the degree of mankinde namely that they were all polluted with the abominable sinne against nature which is a wretched and false slander For in all the great Iles Hispaniola Saint Iohn Cuba and Lamaica Also in the sixtie Iles of Lucayos which were inhabited with an infinite number of people the same was neuer thought vpon in some other part there is a voice of a few for whole sakes neuerthelesse all that world is not to be condemned We may say as much of the eating of mans flesh which likewise those places that I haue named are free of although that in other places thy doe it indeede They be also charged with their Idolatrie The Spaniards haue purposely and effectually hindered the teaching of the Law of God and Iesus Christ with all other vertues among the Indians and driuen away the Religious persons out of Townes and Fortresses least they should see and disclose their tyrannies yea they haue by their euill example infected and corrupted the Indies teaching them many odious behauiours and vices which before they knew not as blaspheming the name of Iesus Christ practising of vsurie lying and many other abhominations wholly repugnant to their nature The Spaniards doe sucke from the Indians the whole substance of their bodies because they haue nothing else in their houses They make them spit bloud They exhibite them to all dangers They lay vpon them sundry and intollerable trauailes and more then all this They loade them with torments beatings and sorrowings To be briefe they spoile and consume a thousand manner of wayes Besides all that the Indians doe indure in seruing and pleasing the Spaniards there is yet a butcher or cruell hangman to keepe them in awe appointed in euery Towne and place and is tearmed Estanciero or Calpisque who hath authoritie to lay his clawes vpon them and to make them labour and doe what the Lord Commander or chiefe thiefe will So as if in hell there were no other torment yet were this incomparable This hangman whippeth them he ladeth them with stripes he basteth them with scalding grease he afflicteth them with continuall torments and trauels hee forceth and defloureth their daughters and wiues dishonouring and abusing them he deuoureth their Hens which are their greatest treasure not because themselues doe eate them but that of them they offer presents and seruice to their greatest Lord and chiefe tyrant he vexeth them with innumerable other torments and griefes and least they should complaine of so many iniuries and miseries this tyrant putteth them in feare saying that hee will accuse them and say that he see them commit Idolatry To be briefe they must please and content aboue twenty disordinate and vnreasonable persons so as they haue foure Lords and Masters Your Maiestie their Cacique him that hath them in commendam and the Estanciero of whom I last spake which Estanciero is to them more grieuous to beare then a quintall of lead among which we may also in truth adde all the Mochachos and Moores that doe serue the Commander and Master for they all doe molest oppresse and rob these poore people It is greatly to be feared least God will lay Spaine desolate euen for those horrible sinnes that this Nation hath committed in the Indies whereof we doe euidently behold the scourge and all the world doth see and confesse that already it hangeth ouer our heads wherewith God doth afflict and shew that he is highly offended in those parts through the great destruction and waste of those Nations in that of so great treasures haue bin transported out of the Indies into Spaine the like quantitie of Gold and Siluer neither King Salomon neither any other worldly Prince euer had saw or heard of there is none left besides that of that that was here before the Indies were discouered there is now none to be found no neuer a whit Hereof it commeth that things are thrise dearer then they were the poore that haue want doe suffer great miseries and your Maiestie cannot dispatch matters of great importance So long as Lares
he approued that which I said I asked him what ceremony they vsed in praying to their God He told me that they vsed none other ceremonies but that euery one praied in his heart as he thought good This is the cause why I beleeue they haue no law among them neither doe they know how to worship or pray to God and liue for the most part like brute beasts and I thinke in short space they would be brought to be good Christians if their Countrie were planten which they desire for the most part They haue among them certaine Sauages which they call Pilotoua which speak visibly with the Diuell which telleth them what they must doe as well for the warre as for other things and if he should command them to put any enterprise in execution either to kill a French man or any other of their Nation they would immediately obey his commandement Also they beleeue that all the dreames which they dreame are true and indeede there are many of them which say that they haue seene and dreamed things which doe happen or shall happen But to speake truely of these things they are visions of the Diuell which doth deceiue and seduce them Loe this is all their beliefe that I could learne of them which is brutish and bestiall All these people are well proportioned of their bodies without any deformitie they are well set and the women are well shapen fat and full of a tawnie colour by abundance of a certaine painting wherewith they rubbe themselues which maketh them to be of an Oliue colour They are apparelled with skins one part of their bodies is couered and the other part vncouered but in the winter they couer all for they are clad with good Furres namely with the skins of Orignac Otters Beuers Lea-boores Stagges and Deere whereof they haue store In the winter when the Snowes are great they make a kinde of racket which is twice or thrice as bigge as one of ours in France which they fasten to their feete and so goe on the Snow without sinking for otherwise they could not hunt nor trauaile in many places They haue also a kinde of Marriage which is that when a Maide is foureteene or fifteene yeares old shee shall haue many seruants and friends and she may haue carnall company with all those which she liketh then after fiue or six yeares she may take which of them she will for her husband and so they shall liue together all their life time except that after they haue liued a certaine time together and haue no children the man may forsake her and take another wife saying that his old wife is nothing worth so that the Maides are more free then the married Women After they be married they be chaste and their husbands for the most part are iealous which giue presents to the Father or Parents of the Maide which they haue married loe this is the ceremonie and fashion which they vse in their marriages Touching their burials when a man or woman dieth they make a pit wherein they put all the goods which they haue as Kettels Furres Hatchets Bowes and Arrowes Apparell and other things and then they put the corps into the graue and couer it with earth and set store of great peeces of wood ouer it and one stake they set vp on end which they paint with red on the top They beleeue the immortality of the Soule and say that when they be dead they goe into other Countries to reioyce with their parents and friends THe eleuenth day of Iune I went some twelue or fifteene leagues vp Saguenay which is a faire Riuer and of incredible depth for I beleeue as farrâ— as I could learne by conference whence it should come that it is from a very high place from whence there descendeth a fall of water with great impetuositie but the water that proceedeth thereof is not able to make such a Riuer as this which neuerthelesse holdeth not but from the said course of water where the first fall is vnto the Port of Tadousac which is the mouth of the said Riuer of Saguenay in which space are fortie fiue or fiftie leagues and it is a good league and a halfe broad at the most and a quarter of a league where it is narrowest which causeth a great currant of water All the Countrie which I saw was nothing but Mountaines the most part of rockes couered with woods of Fâ—r-trees Cypresses and Birch-trees the soyle very vnpleasant where I found not a league of plaine Countrey neither on the one side nor on the other There are certaine hils of Sand and Isles in the said Riuer which are very high aboue the water In fine they are very Desarts voide of Beasts and Birds for I assure you as I went on hunting through places which seemed most pleasant vnto mee I found nothing at all but small Birds which are like Nightingales and Swallowes which come thither in the Summer for at other times I thinke there are none because of the excessiue cold which is there this Riuer commeth from the North-west They reported vnto me that hauing passed the first fall from whence the currant of water commeth they passe eight other sants or fals and then they trauaile one dayes iourney without finding any then they passe ten other sants and come into a Lake which they passe in two dayes euery day they trauaile at their ease some twelue or fifteene leagues at the end of the Lake there are people lodged then they enter into three other Riuers three or foure dayes in each of them at the end of which Riuers there are two or three kinde of Lakes where the head of Saguenay beginneth from the which head or spring vnto the said Port of Tadousac is ten dayes iournee with their Canowes On the side of the said Riuers are many lodgingings whither other Nacions come from the North to trucke with the said Mountainers for skins of Beuers and Marterns for other Merchandises which the French Ships bring to the said Mountainers The said Sauages of the North say that they see a Sea which is salt I hold if this be so that it is some gulfe of this our Sea which disgorgeth it selfe by the North part between the lands and in very deede it can be nothing else This is that which I haue learned of the Riuer of Saguenay ON Wednesday the eighteenth day of Iune we departed from Tadousac to go to the Sault we passed by an I le which is called the Ile dulieure or the I le of the Hare which may be some two leagues from the Land on the North side and some seuen leagues from the said Tadousac and fiue leagues from the South Coast. From the I le of the Hare we ranged the North Coast about halfe a league vnto a point that runneth into the Sea where a man must keepe farther off The said point
is within a league of the I le which is called the Ile du Coudre or the I le of Fâ—lberds which may be some two leagues in length And from the said I le to the Land on the North side is a league The said Ile is some what euen and groweth sharpe toward both the ends on the West end there are Medowes and Points of Rockes which stretch somewhat into the Riuer The said Ile is somewhat pleasant by reason of the Woods which enuiron the same There is store of Slate and the soyle is somewhat grauelly at the end whereof there is a Rocke which stretcheth into the Sea about halfe a league We passed to the North of the said I le which is distant from the I le of the Hare twelue leagues The Thursday following we departed from thence and anchored at a dangerous nooke on the Northside where there be certaine Medowes and a little Riuer where the Sauages lodge sometimes The said day wee still ranged the Coast on the North vnto a place where wee put backe by reasons of the winds which were contrary vnto vs where there were many Rockes and places very dangeous here we stayed three dayes wayting for faire weather All this Coast is nothing but Mountaynes as well on the South side as on the North the most part like the Coast of the Riuer of Saguenay On Sunday the two and twentieth of the said moneth wee departed to goe to the I le of Orleans in the way there are many Iles on the South shoare which are low and couered with trees shewing to be very pleasant contayning as I was able to iudge some two leagues and one league and another halfe a league About these Iles are nothing but Rocks and Flats very dangerous to passe and they are distant some two leagues from the mayne Land on the South And from thence wee ranged the I le of Orleans on the Southside It is a league from the North shoare very pleasant and leuell contayning eight leagues in length The Coast on the South shoare is low land some two leagues into the Countrey the said lands begin to below ouer against the said Ile which beginneth two leagues from the South Coast to passe by the North side is very dangerous for the bankes of Sand and Rockes which are betweene the said Ile and the mayne Land which is almost all dry at a low water At the end of the said Ile I saw a fall of water which fell from a great Mountaine of the said Riuer of Canada and on the top of the said Mountaine the ground is leuell and pleasant to behold although within the said Countries a man may see high Mountaynes which may bee some twenty or fiue and twenty leagues within the Lands which are neere the first Sault of Saguenay We anchored at Quebec which is a Strait of the said Riuer of Canada which is some three hundred pases broad there is at this Strait on the North side a very high Mountayne which falleth downe on both sides all the rest is a leuell and goodly Countrey where there are good grounds full of Trees as Okes Cypresses Birches Firre-trees and Aspes and other Trees bearing fruit and wild Vines So that in mine opinion if they were dressed they would be as good as ours There are along the Coast of the said Quebec Diamants in the Rockes of Slate which are better then those of Alonson From the said Quebec to the I le of Coudre or Filberds are nine and twenty leagues ON Munday the three and twentieth of the said moneth we departed from Quebec where the Riuer beginneth to grow broad sometimes one league then a league and an halfe or two leagues at most The Countrey groweth still fairer and fairer and are all low grounds without Rockes or very few The North Coast is full of Rockes and bankes of Sand you must take the South side about some halfe league from the shore There are certaine small Riuers which are not nauigable but only for the Canowes of the Sauages wherein there be many fals Wee anchored as high as Saint Croix which is distant from Quebec fifteene leagues This is a low point which riseth vp on both sides The Countrey is faire and leuell and the soyles better then in any place that I haue seene with plenty of wood but very few Firre-trees and Cypresses There are in these parts great store of Vines Peares small Nuts Cheries Goose-beries red and greene and certaine small Roots of the bignesse of a little Not resembling Musheroms in taste which are very good roasted and sod All this soyle is blacke without any Rockes saue that there is great store of Slate The soyle is very soft and if it were well manured it would yeeld great increase On the Northside there is a Riuer which is called Batiscan which goeth farre into the Countrey whereby sometimes the Algoumequins come downe and another on the same side three leagues from the said Saint Croix in the way from Quebec which is that where Iacques Quartier was in the beginning of the Discouery which he made hereof and hee passed no farther The said Riuer is pleasant and goeth farre vp into the Countries All this North Coast is very leuell and delectable On Tuesday the foure and twentieth of the said moneth wee departed from the said Saint Croix where we stayed a tyde and an halfe that we might passe the next day following by day light because of the great number of Rockes which are thwart the Riuer a strange thing to behold which is in a manner dry at a low water But at halfe flood a man may beginne to passe safely yet you must take good heed with the Lead alwayes in hand The tyde floweth heere almost three fathomes and an halfe the farther we went the fairer was the Countrey We went some fiue leagues and an halfe and anchored on the North side The Wednesday following wee departed from the said place which is a flatter Countrey then that which we passed before full of great store of Trees as that of Saint Croix We passed hard by a little I le which was full of Vines and came to an Anchor on the South side neere a little Hill but beeing on the top thereof all is euen ground There is at other little Ile three leagues from Saint Croix ioyning neere the South shore Wee departed from the said Hill the Thursday following and passed by a little I le which is neere the North shoare where I saw sixe small Riuers whereof two are able to beare Boats farre vp and another is three hundred pases broad there are certaine Ilands in the mouth of it it goeth farre vp into the Countrey it is the deepest of all the rest which are very pleasant to behold the soyle being full of Trees which are like to Walnut-trees and haue the same smell but I saw no Fruit which maketh me doubt the Sauages told
me that they beare Fruit like ours In passing further we met an Ile which is called Saint Eloy and another little Ile which is hard by the North shoare we passed betweene the said Ile and the North shore where betweene the one and the other are some hundred and fiftie paces From the said Ile we passed a league and an halfe on the South side neere vnto a Riuer whereon Canowes might goe All this Coast on the North side is very good one may passe freely there yet with the Lead in the hand to auoid certaine points All this Coast which we ranged is mouing Sand but after you be entred a little into the Woods the soile is good The Friday following we departed from this I le coasting still the North side hard by the shoare which is low and full of good Trees and in great number as farre as the three Riuers where it beginneth to haue another temperature of the season somewhat differing from that of Saint Croix because the Trees are there more forward then in any place that hitherto I had seene From the three Riuers to Saint Croix are fifteene leagues In this Riuer are sixe Ilands three of which are very small and the others some fiue or sixe hundred paces long very pleasant and fertile for the little quantitie of ground that they containe There is one Iland in the middest of the said Riuer which looketh directly vpon the passage of the Riuer of Canada and commandeth the other Ilands which lye further from the shoare aswell on the one side as on the other of foure or fiue hundred paces it riseth on the South side and falleth somewhat on the North side This in my iudgement would be a very fit place to inhabit and it might bee quickly fortified for the situation is strong of it selfe and neere vnto a great Lake which is aboue foure leagues distant which is almost ioyned to the Riuer of Saguenay by the report of the Sauages which trauell almost an hundred leagues Northward and passe many Saults and then goe by Land some fiue or sixe leagues and enter into a Lake whence the said Riuer of Saguenay receiueth the best part of his Spring and the said Sauages come from the said Lake to Tadousac Moreouer the planting of The three Riuers would be a benefit for the liberty of certaine Nations which dare not come that way for feare of the said Irocois their enemies which border vpon all the said Riuer of Canada But this place being inhabited we might make the Irocois and the other Sauages friends or at least wise vnder the fauour of the said Plantation the said Sauages might passe freely without feare or danger because the said place of The three Riuers is a passage All the soyle which I saw on the North shoare is sandy Wee went vp aboue a league into the said Riuer and could passe no further by reason of the great current of water We took a Boate to search vp further but we went not past a league but we met a very Strait full of water of some twelue paces which caused vs that we could not passe no further All the ground which I saw on the bankes of the said Riuer riseth more and more and is full of Firre-trees and Cypresse Trees and hath very few other Trees ON the Saturday following we departed from The three Riuers and anchored at a Lake which is foure leagues distant All this Countrey from The three Riuers to the entrance of the said Lake is low ground euen with the water on the North side and on the South side it is somewhat higher The said Countrey is exceeding good and the most pleasant that hitherto we had seene the Woods are very thinne so that a man may trauell easily through them The next day being the nine and twentieth of Iune we entred into the Lake which is some fifteene leagues in length and some seuen or eight leagues broad At the entrance thereof on the South-side within a league there is a Riuer which is very great and entreth into the Countrey some sixtie or eightie leagues and continuing along the same Coast there is another little Riuer which pierceth about two leagues into the Land and commeth out of another small Lake which may containe some three or foure leagues On the North side where the Land sheweth very high a man may see some twentie leagues off but by little and little the Mountaynes beginne to fall toward the West as it were into a flat Countrey The Sauages say that the greatest part of these Mountaynes are bad soyle The said Lake hath some three fathoms water whereas we passed which was almost in the middest the length lieth East and West and the breadth from North to the South I thinke it hath good fish in it of such kinds as we haue in our owne Countrey Wee passed it the very same day and anchored about two leagues within the great Riuer which goeth vp to the Sault In the mouth whereof are thirtie small Ilands as farre as I could discerne some of them are of two leagues others a league and an halfe some lesse which are full of Walnut-trees which are not much different from ours and I thinke their Walnuts are good when they bee ripe I saw many of them vnder the Trees which were of two sorts the one small and the others as long as a mans Thumbe but they were rotten There are also store of Vines vpon the bankes of the said Ilands But when the waters be great the most part of them is couered with water And this Countrey is yet better then any other which I had seene before The last day of Iune wee departed from thence and passed by the mouth of the Riuer of the Irocois where the Sauages which came to make warre against them were lodged and fortified Their Fortresse was made with a number of posts set very close one to another which ioyned on the one side on the banke of the great Riuer of Canada and the other on the banke of the Riuer of the Irocois and their Boates were ranged the one by the other neere the shoare that they might flie away with speed if by chance they should bee surprised by the Irocois For their Fort is couered with the barke of Okes and serueth them for nothing else but to haue time to embarke themselues We went vp the Riuer of the Irocois some fiue or sixe leagues and could passe no farther with our Pinnasse by reason of the great course of water which descendeth and also because we cannot goe on Land and draw the Pinnasse for the multitude of Trees which are vpon the bankes Seeing we could not passe any further we tooke our Skiffe to see whether the current were more gentle but going vp some two leagues it was yet stronger and wee could goe no higher Being able to doe no more we returned to our
Pinnasse All this Riuer is some three hundred or foure hundred paces broad and very wholsome Wee saw fiue Ilands in it distant one from the other a quarter or halfe a league or a league at the most one of which is a league long which is the neerest to the mouth and the others are very small All these Countries are couered with Trees and low Lands like those which I had seene before but here are more Firres and Cypresses then in other places Neuerthelesse the soile is good although it bee somewhat sandy This Riuer runneth in a manner South-west The Sauages say that some fifteene leagues from the place where we were vp the Riuer there is a Sault which falleth downe from a very steepe place where they carry their Canowes to passe the same some quarter of a league and come into a Lake at the mouth whereof are three Ilands and being within the same they meete with more Iles This Lake may containe some fortie or fiftie leagues in 〈…〉 gth and some fiue and twentie leagues in breadth into which many Riuers fall to the number of ten which carrie Canowes very far vp When they are come to the end of this Lake there is another fall and they enter againe into another Lake which is as great as the former at the head whereof the Irocois are lodged They say moreouer that there is a Riuer which runneth vnto the Coast of Florida whether it is from the said last Lake some hundred or an hundred and fortie leagues All the Countrey of the Irocois is somewhat Mountaynous yet notwithstanding exceeding good temperate without much Winter which is very short there AFter our departure from the Riuer of the Irocois wee anchored three leagues beyond the same on the North side All this Countrie is a lowe Land replenished with all sorts of trees which I haue spoken of before The first day of Iuly we coasted the North side where the wood is very thinne and more thinne then wee had seene in any place before and all good land for tillage I went in a Canoa to the South shoare where I saw a number of Iles which haue many fruitfull trees as Vines Wal-nuts Hasel-nuts and a kinde of fruit like Chest-nuts Cheries Oskes Aspe Hoppes Ashe Beech Cypresses very few Pines and Firre-trees There are also other trees which I knew not which are very pleasant Wee found there store of Strawberries Rasp-berries Goos-berries red greene and blue with many small fruits which growe there among great abundance of grasse There are also many wilde beasts as Orignas Stagges Does Buckes Beares Porkepickes Conies Foxes Beauers Otters Muske-rats and certaine other kindes of beasts which I doe not knowe which are good to eate and whereof the Sauages liue Wee passed by an I le which is very pleasant and containeth some foure leagues in length and halfe a league in breadth I saw toward the South two high Mountaines which shewed some twentie leagues within the Land The Sauages told mee that here beganne the first fall of the foresaid Riuer of the Irocois The Wednesday following wee departed from this place and sayled some fiue or sixe leagues Wee saw many Ilands the Land is there very lowe and these Iles are couered with trees as those of the Riuer of the Irocais were The day following being the third of Iuly we ranne certaine leagues and passed likewise by many other Ilands which are excellent good and pleasant through the great store of Medowes which are thereabout as well on the shoare of the maine Land as of the other Ilands and all the Woods are of very small growth in comparison of those which wee had passed At length we came this very day to the entrance of the Sault or Fall of the great Riuer of Canada with fauourable wind and wee met with an I le which is almost in the middest of the said entrance which is a quarter of a league long and passed on the South side of the said I le where there was not past three foure or fiue foot water and sometimes a fathome or two and straight on the sudden wee found againe not past three or foure foot There are many Rockes and small Ilands whereon there is no wood and they are euen with the water From the beginning of the foresaid I le which is in the middest of the said entrance the water beginneth to runne with a great force Although we had the wind very good yet wee could not with all our might make any great way neuerthelesse wee passed the said Ile which is at the entrance of the Sault or Fall When wee perceiued that wee could goe no further wee came to an anchor on the North shoare ouer against a small Iland which aboundeth for the most part with those kinde of fruits which I haue spoken of before Without all delay wee made ready our skiffe which wee had made of purpose to passe the said Sault whereinto the said Monsieur de Pont and my selfe entred with certaine Sauages which we had brought with vs to shew vs the way Departing from our Pinnace we were scarse gone three hundred paces but we were forced to come out and cause certain Mariners to goe into the water to free our Skiffe The Canoa of the Sauages passed easily Wee met with an infinite number of small Rockes which were euen with the water on which wee touched oftentimes There he two great Ilands one on the North side which containeth some fifteene leagues in length and almost as much in breadth beginning some twelue leagues vp within the Riuer of Canada going toward the Riuer of the Irocois and endeth beyond the Sault The Iland which is on the South side is some foure leagues long and some halfe league broad There is also another Iland which is neere to that on the North side which may bee some halfe league long and some quarter broad and another small Iland which is betweene that on the North side and another neerer to the South shoare whereby wee passed the entrance of the Sault This entrance being passed there is a kinde of Lake wherein all these Ilands are some fiue leagues long and almost as broad wherein are many small Ilands which are Rockes There is a Mountaine neere the said Sault which discouereth farre into the Countrie and a little Riuer which falleth from the said Mountaine into the Lake On the South side are some three or foure Mountaines which seeme to be about fifteene or sixteene leagues within the Land There are also two Riuers one which goeth to the first Lake of the Riuer of the Irocois by which sometimes the Algoumequins inuade them and another which is neere vnto the Sault which runneth not farre into the Countrey At our comming neere to the said Sault with our Skiffe and Canoa I assure you I neuer saw any streame of water to fall downe with such force as this doth although it
Salt Sea which may be the South Sea the Sunne setting where they say it doth On Friday the tenth of the said moneth we returned to Tadousac where our ship lay ASsoone as wee were come to Tadousac wee embarqued our selues againe to goe to Gachepay which is distant from the said Tadousac about some hundred leagues The thirteenth day of the said moneth we met with a companie of Sauages which were lodged on the South side almost in the mid-way betweene Tadousac and Gachepay Their Sagamo or Captaine which led them is called Armouchides which is held to be one of the wâ—sest and most hardy among all the Sauages Hee was going to Tadousac to exchange Arrowes and the flesh of Orignars which they haue for Beauers and Marterns of the other Sauages the Mountainers Estechemaâ—ns and Algoumequins The fifteenth day of the said moneth we came to Gachepay which is in a Bay about a league and a halfe on the North side The said Bay containeth some seuen or eight leagues in length and at the mouth thereof foure leagues in breadth There is a Riuer which runneth some thirty leagues vp into the Countrie Then we saw another Bay which is called the Bay des Mollues or the Bay of Cods which may be some three leagues long and as much in bredth at the mouth From thence we come to the I le Percee which is like a Rocke very steepe rising on both sides wherein there is a hole through which Shalops and Boats may passe at an high water and at a lowe water one may goe from the maine Land to the said Ile which is not past foure or fiue hundred paces off Moreouer there is another Iland in a manner South-east from the I le Percee about a league which is called the Ile de Bonne-aduenture and it may bee some halfe a league long All these places of Gachepay the Bay of Cods and the I le Percee are places where they make dry and greene Fish When you are passed the I le Percee there is a Bay which is called they Bay of Heate which runneth as it were West South-west some foure and twenty leagues into the land containing some fifteene leagues in breadth at the mouth thereof The Sauages of Canada say that vp the great Riuer of Canada about some sixtie leagues ranging the South coast there is a small Riuer called Mautanne which runneth some eighteene leagues vp into the Countreys and being at the head thereof they carrie their Canowes about a league by land and they come into the said Bay of Heate by which they goe sometimes to the Isle Percee Also they goe from the said Bay to Tregate and Misamichy Running along the said coast we passe by many Riuers and come to a place where there is a Riuer which is called Souricoua where Monsieur Preuert was to discouer a Mine of Copper They goe with their Conowes vp this Riuer three or foure dayes then they passe three or foure leagues by land to the said Mine which is hard vpon the Sea shoare on the South side At the mouth of the said Riuer there is an Iland lying a league into the Sea from the said Island vnto the Isle Perçee is some sixtie or seuentie leagues Still following the said coast which trendeth toward the East you meete with a Strait which is two leagues broad and fiue and twenty leagues long On the East side is an Isle which is called the Isle of Saint Laurence where Cape Breton is and in this place a Nation of Sauages called the Souricois doe winter Passing the Strait of the Iles of Saint Lawrence and ranging the South-west Coast you come to a Bay which ioyneth hard vpon the Myne of Copper Passing farther there is a Riuer which runneth threescore or fourescore leagues into the Countrey which reacheth neere to the Lake of the Irocois whereby the said Sauages of the South-west Coast make warre vpon them I would be an exceeding great benefit if there might be found a passage on the Coâ—â—â— of Florida neere to the said great Lake where the winter is salt aswell for the Naâ—igation of ships which should not bee subiect to so many perâ—ls as they are in Canada as for the shortning of the way about three hundred leagues And at is most certaine that there are Riuers on the Goaâ—â— of Florida which are not yet discouered which â—â—erce vp into the Countries where the soile is exceeding good and fertile and very good Hauens The Countrey and Coast of Florida may haue another temperature of the season and may be 〈◊〉 more fertile in abundance of fruites and other things then that which I haue seene But it cannot haue more euen not better sayles then those which we haue seene The Sauages say that in the foresaid great Bay of Hete there is a Riuer which runneth vp vp some twentie leagues into the Countrey at the head whereof there is a Lake which may be about twentie leagues in compasse wherein is little store of water and the Summer it is dried vp wherein they find about a foot or a foot and an halfe vnder the ground a kind of Metall like to â—â—luer which I shewed them and that in another place neere the said Lake there is a Myne of Copper And this is that which I learned of the foresand Sauages WE departed from the I le 〈◊〉 the ninteenth day of the said moneth to returne to Tadousâ—c When we wâ—â—e within three leagues of Cape le Vesque or the Bishops Cape we were encountred with a storme which lasted two dayes which forced vs to put roomer with a great creake and to stay for faire weather The day following we departed and were encountred with another storme Being loth to pâ—â— roome and thinking to gaine way wee touched on the North shore the eight and twentieth day of Iuly 〈◊〉 creeke which is very bad because of the edges of Rockes which lie there This creeke is in 〈◊〉 degrees and certaine minutes The next day we anchored neere a Riuer which is called Saint Margarites Riuer where at a full Sea is some three fathomes water and a fathome and an halfe at a low water this Riuer goeth farre vp into the Land As farre as I could see within the Land on â—he East shoare there is a fall of water which entreth into the said Riuer and falleth some fiftie or sixtie â—athomes downe from whence commeth the greatest part of the water which descendeth downe At the mouth thereof there is a banke of Sand whereon at the ebbe is but halfe a faâ—home water All the Coast toward the East is mouing Sande there is a point some halfe league from the said Riuer which stretcheth halfe a league into the Sea and toward the West there is a small Iland this place is in fiftie degrees All these Countries are exceeding bad full of Firre-trees The Land here is somewhat high but not so high as that on the Southside
fishes the Tons Dolphins and all those that carrie Lard among the birds the Hernes Duckes and all other water birds for in being an ouer-curious obseruator of these things one might fal into the danger of staruing and to die for hunger They place yet among the meats that are to be shunned Bisket Beanes and Pulse the often vsing of Milke Cheese the grosse and harsh Wine and that which is too small white Wine and the vse of Vinegar Beere which is not well sodden nor well scummed and that hath not Hoppes enough Also waters that runne thorow rotten wood and those of Lakes and Bogges still and corrupted waters such as is much in Holland and Frizeland where is obserued that they of Amsterdam are more subiect to Palsies and stifning of sinews then they of Roterdam for the abouesaid cause of still and sleepy waters which besides doe ingender Dropsies Dysenteries Fluxes quartaine Agues and burning Feuers swellings vlcers of the Lights shortnesse of breath ruptures of children swelling in the veines sores in the legges finally they wholly belong to the disease whereof we speake being drawne by the Spleene where they leaue all their corruption Sometimes this sicknesse doth also come by a vice which is euen in waters of running Fountaines as if they be among or neere Bogges or if they issue from a muddy ground or from a place that hath not the Sunnes aspect So Plinie reciteth that in the Voyage which the Prince Caesar Germanicus made into Germanie hauing giuen order to his Armie to passe the Riuer of Rhine to the end to get still forward in the Countrie he did set his campe on the Sea shoare vpon the coast of Frizeland in a place where was but one onely Fountaine of fresh water to bee found which notwithstanding was so pernicious that all they that dranke of it lost their teeth in lesse than two yeeres space and had their knees so weake and disioynted that they could not beare themselues Which is verily the sicknesse whereof wee speake which the Physicians doe call Stomaccacè that is to say Mouthes sore and Scelotyrbè which is as much to say as the shaking of thighs and legges And it was not possible to finde any remedie but by the meanes of an herbe called Britannica or Scuruy grasse which besides is very good for the sinewes against the sores and accidents in the mouth against the Squinancie and against the biting of Serpents It hath long leaues drawing in colour a darke greene and produceth a blacke roote from which liquor is drawne as well as from the leafe Strabo sayth that the like case happened to the Armie that Aelius Gallus brought into Arabia by the commission of Augustus the Emperour And the lâ—ke also chanced to King Saint Lewes his Armie in Egypt as the Lord de Ioâ—nuille reporteth Other effects of bad waters are seene neere vnto vs to wit in Sauoy where the women more than men because they are of a colder constitution haue commonly swellings in their throats as bigge as Bottles Next to waters the aire is also one of the Fathers and Ingenderers of this sicknesse in boggy and watrish places and opposite to the South which is most often rainy But there is yet in New France another bad qualitie of the aire by reason of Lakes that be thicke there and of the great rottennesse in the Woods whose odour the bodies hauing drawne vp during the raines of Autumne and Winter easily are ingendred the corruptions of the mouth and swelling in the legges before spoken and a cold entreth vnsensibly into it which benummeth the limbes stifneth the sinewes constraineth to creepe with crutches and in the end to keepe the bed And for as much as the windes doe participate with the aire yea are an aire running with a more vehement force than ordinary and in this qualitie haue great power ouer the health and sicknesses of men This noisome qualitie of winde proceedeth in my iudgement from the nature of the Countrie thorow which it passeth which as wee haue said is full of Lakes and those very great which bee as it were standing and still waters Whereto I adde the exhalation of the rottennesse of woods that this winde bringeth and that in so much greater quantitie as the North-west part is great large and spacious The seasons are also to be marked in this disease which I haue not seene nor heard of that it begins to worke neither in the Spring time Summer nor Autumne vnlesse it be at the end of it but it Winter And the cause thereof is that as the growing heate of the Spring maketh the humours closed vp in the Winter to disperse themselues to the extremities of the body and so cleareth it from melancholy and from the noisome humors that haue beene gathered in Winter so the Autumne as the Winter approacheth draweth them inward and doth nourish this melancholy and blacke humour which doth abound specially in this season and the Winter being come sheweth forth his effects at the costs and griefe of the poore patients I would adde willingly to all the aforesaid causes the bad food of the Sea which in a long Voiage brings much corruption in mans body This sicknesse proceeding from an indigestion of rude grosse cold and melancholy meates which offend the stomacke I thinke it good submitting my selfe to better iudgement and aduice to accompany them with good sawces be it of Butter Oyle or Fat all well spiced to correct as well the qualitie of the meate as of the bodie inwardly waxen cold Let this be said for rude and grosse meates as Beanes Pease and fish for he that shall eate good Capons good Partridges good Ducks and good Rabets may be assured of his health or else his body is of a bad constitution We haue had some sick that haue as it were raised vp â—rom death to life for hauing eaten twice or thrice of a coolice made of a Cocke good Wine taken according to the necessitie of nature is a soueraigne preseruatiue for all sicknesses and particularly for this The young buds of herbs in the Spring time be also very soueraigne And as for that which concerneth the exteriour parts of the body we haue found great good in wearing woodden Pantaphles or Patins with our shooes for to auoide the moistnesse The houses neede no opening nor windowes on the North-west side being a winde very dangerous but rather on the East side or the South It is very good to haue good bedding and it was good for mee to haue carried things necessary co this purpose and aboue all to keepe himselfe neate I would like well the vse of Stoues such as they haue in Germanie by meanes whereof they feele no Winter being at home but as much as they please Yea they haue of them in many places in their Gardens which doe so temper the coldnesse of Winter that in this rough and sharpe
great numbers that they make Scutes Carts and other grosse workes thereof and is the commonest wood that they vse to burne in those Countries whereby it is the wood that with them is least esteemed by reason of the great quantity thereof There is another kinde of wood called Sanguinho and is very faire of a red colour and another sort that they call white Wood being of it selfe as white as Chalke other that is perfect yellow and all naturall without any dying and therefore there are diuers good workemen in Tercera that are skilfull in Ioyners Occupation and make many fine pieces of worke as Deskes Cupboords Chists and other such like things whereof many are carried into Portugall and much esteemed there as well for the beauty of the wood as for the workmanship And specially the Spanish Fleet which ordinarily refresh themselues in that Iland doe carrie much of it from thence for it is the best and finest that is made in all Spaine and Portugall although it bee not comparable to the Deskes and fine workmanship of Nurembergh and those Countreves but for Wood it excelleth all other Countreyes for that they haue in the Spanish Fleete besides their owne kindes of woods at the least a thousand sorts of wood of all colours that man can imagine or deuise and so faire that more fairer can not bee painted There is a certaine kinde of wood in the Iland Pico situate and lying twelue miles from Tercera called Teixo a most excellent and princely wood and therefore it is forbidden to bee cut but onely for the Kings owne vse or for his Officers The wood is as hard as Iron and hath a colour within as if it were wrought like red Chamlet with the same water and the older it is and the more vsed the fairer it is of colour so that it is worthie to bee esteemed as in truth it is All those Ilands are inhabited by Portugals but since the troubles in Portugall there haue beene diuers Spanish Souldiers sent thither and a Spanish Gouernour that keepe all the Forts and Castles in their possessions although the Portugals are put to no charges nor yet hardly vsed by them but are rather kept short so that not one Souldier dareth goe out of the Towne with out licence and therefore men may quietly trauell throughout the Iland both day and night without any trouble Likewise they will not suffer any stranger to trauell to see the Countrey and this order was not brought vp by the Spaniards but by the Portugals themselues before their troubles for they would neuer permit it and which is more all strangers that came thither were vsually appointed a certaine streete wherein they should sell their wares and might not goe out of that streete Now it is not so straightly looked vnto but they may goe in all places of the Towne and within the Iland but not about it to view the Coast which notwithstanding was granted vnto vs by the Gouernour himselfe who lent vs his Horses to ride about and gaue vs leaue to see all the Forts which at this time is not permitted to the naturall borne Ilanders neither are they so much credited Wee rode twice about the Iland which hee granted vs leaue to doe by meanes of certaine particular friendship wee had with him neither could the Portugals hinder vs therein because wee were in the Kings seruice as Factors for the Kings Pepper and for that they accounted vs as naturall borne Portugals for the Gouernour would willingly haue had mee to haue drawne a plot of the whole Iland that hee might haue sent it to the King wherein I excused my selfe yet I made him the Towne with the Hauen comming in and Forts of Angra which hee sent vnto the King the like whereof you may in this Booke behold for the which the Gouernour was greatly affected vnto mee and shewed mee much friendship Wee had in our Lodging a French Merchant and a Scot that willingly would haue gone with vs to see the Iland but could not be suffered for the Portugals thinke that they would take the proportion thereof and so seeke to defeate them of their right But returning to our matter the Ilands are very good and holesome ayre and the diseases that are most common in those Countries though not very plentifull but onely here and there one are one sicknesse called O Ar that is a kinde of bad ayre that taketh them and maketh them altogether lame or halfe lame of their limmes or of some one limme and another sicknesse that is called O Sange that is a certaine bloud that hastely commeth vpon a man as a swelling in the eyes or other places of the face or of the body and is as red as bloud for as they say it is nothing else but meere bloud these are two diseases like the plague and are commonnest sicknesses in those Countries which grow by reason of the great windinesse of the Ilands that are subiect to all stormes and foule weathers and are vnreasonable morst which is one of the principall causes of these diseases for the windes are there so strong and dangerous that they consume both the Iron and the Steele of their houses and bring them into powder for I haue seene Iron grates in the Kings Custome house as thicke as a mans arme and the windowes of hard free stone which were so consumed by the winde that the Iron in some places was become as thin as a straw and the stone in like sort and therefore in those Countries they vse to make their Roofes and Painthouâ—es of stones which they digge in the water out of sands vpon the Sea coast of those Ilands whereon the winde hath not so great a power to consume it and yet that Customehouse had not beene made aboue six or seuen yeares before at the most In this Iland besides the two Townes there are diuers great Villages as Saint Sebastians Saint Barboran Altares Gualua Villa noua with many other Parishes and Hamlets so that for the most part it is built and inhabited sauing onely the places that are wilde and full of Woods which can hardly be trauelled much lesse inhabited Their most traffique is as I said before the wood that groweth in those Countries I meane for such as deale in Merchandise and the workemen that make it but the rest waite for the fleetes that come and goe to and from the Spanish and Portugall Indies from Brasilia Cabo Verde and Guinea all which Countries doe commonly come vnto Tercera to refresh themselues as lying very fitly for that purpose so that all the inhabitants doe thereby richly maintaine themselues and sell all their wares as well handy workes as victuals vnto those Ships and all the Ilands round about doe as then come vnto Tercera with their wares to sell it there For the which cause the Englishmen and other strangers keepe continually about those Ilands being assured that all Ships for
hornes and are feathered very artificially Pasphia was as good as his word for hee sent Venison but the Sawse came within few dayes after At Port Cotage in our Voyage vp the Riuer we saw a Sauage Boy about the age of ten yeeres which had a head of haire of a perfect yellow and a reasonable white skinne which is a Miracle amongst all Sauages This Riuer which wee haue discouered is one of the famousest Riuers that euer was found by any Christian it ebbes and flowes a hundred and threescore miles where ships of great burthen may harbour in safetie Wheresoeuer we landed vpon this Riuer wee saw the goodliest Woods as Beech Oke Cedar Cypresse Wal-nuts Sassafras and Vines in great abundance which hang in great clusters on many Trees and other Trees vnknowne and all the grounds bespred with many sweet and delicate flowres of diuers colours and kindes There are also many fruites as Strawberries Mulberries Rasberries and Fruits vnknowne there are many branches of this Riuer which runne flowing through the Woods with great plentie of fish of all kindes as for Sturgeon all the World cannot be compared to it In this Countrey I haue seene many great and large Medowes hauing excellent good pasture for any Cattle There is also great store of Deere both Red and Fallow There are Beares Foxes Otters Beuers Muskats and wild beasts vnknowne The foure and twentieth day wee set vp a Crosse at the head of this Riuer naming it Kings Riuer where we proclaimed Iames King of England to haue the most right vnto it When wee had finished and set vp our Crosse we shipt our men and made for Iames Fort. By the way wee came to Pohatans Towre where the Captaine went on shore suffering none to goe with him hee presented the Commander of this place with a Hatchet which hee tooke ioyfully and was well pleased But yet the Sauages murmured at our planting in the Countrie whereupon this Werowance made answere againe very wisely of a Sauage Why should you bee offended with them as long as they hurt you not nor take any thing away by force they take but a little waste ground which doth you not any of vs any good I saw Bread made by their women which doe all their drugerie The men takes their pleasure in hunting and their warres which they are in continually one Kingdome against another The manner of baking of bread is thus after they pound their wheat into flowre with hote water they make it into paste and worke it into round balls and Cakes then they put it into a pot of seething water when it is sod throughly they lay it on a smooth stone there they harden it as well as in an Ouen There is notice to be taken to know married women from Maids the Maids you shall alwayes see the fore part of their head and sides shauen close the hinder part very long which they tie in a pleate hanging downe to their hips The married women weares their haire all of a length and is tied of that fashion that the Maids are The women kinde in this Countrey doth pounce and race their bodies legges thighes armes and faces with a sharpe Iron which makes a stampe in curious knots and drawes the proportion of Fowles Fish or Beasts then with paintings of sundry liuely colours they rub it into the stampe which will neuer be taken away because it is dried into the flesh where it is sered The Sauages beare their yeeres well for when wee were at Pamonkies wee saw a Sauage by their report was aboue eight score yeeres of age His eyes were sunke into his head hauing neuer a tooth in his mouth his haire all gray with a reasonable bigge beard which was as white as any snow It is a Miracle to see a Sauage haue any haire on their faces I neuer saw read nor heard any haue the like before This Sauage was as lustie and went as fast as any of vs which was strange to behold The fifteenth day of Iune we had built and finished our Fort which was triangle wise hauing three Bulwarkes at euery corner like a halfe Moone and foure or fiue pieces of Artillerie mounted in them we had made our selues sufficiently strong for these Sauages we had also sowne most of our Corne on two Mountaines it sprang a mans height from the ground this Countrey is a fruitfull soile bearing many goodly and fruitfull Trees as Mulberries Cherries Walnuts Ceders Cypresse Sassafras and Vines in great abundance Munday the two and twentieâ—h of Iune in the morning Captaine Newport in the Admirall departed from Iames Port for England Captaine Newport being gone for England leauing vs one hundred and foure persons verie bare and scantie of victualls furthermore in warres and in danger of the Sauages We hoped after a supply which Captaine Newport promised within twentie weekes But if the beginners of this action doe carefully further vs the Country being so fruitfull it would be as great a profit to the Realme of England as the Indies to the King of Spaine if this Riuer which wee haue found had beene discouered in the time of warre with Spaine it would haue beene a commoditie to our Realme and a great annoyance to our enemies The seuen and twentieth of Iuly the King of Rapahanna demanded a Canoa which was restored lifted vp his hand to the Sunne which they worship as their God besides he laid his hand on his heart that he would be our speciall friend It is a generall rule of these people when they swere by their God which is the Sunne no Christian will keepe their Oath better vpon this promise These people haue a great reuerence to the Sunne aboue all other things at the rising and setting of the same they sit downe lifting vp their hands and eyes to the Sunne making a round Circle on the ground with dried Tobacco then they began to pray making many Deuillish gestures with a Hellish noise foming at the mouth staring with their eyes wagging their heads and hands in such a fashion and deformitie as it was monstrous to behold The sixt of August there died Iohn Asbie of the bloudie Flixe The ninth day died George Flowre of the swelling The tenth day died William Bruster Gentleman of a wound giuen by the Sauages and was buried the eleuenth day The fourteenth day Ierome Alikock Ancient died of a wound the same day Francis Mid-winter Edward Moris Corporall died suddenly The fifteenth day their died Edward Browne and Stephen Galthrope The sixteenth day their died Thomas Gower Gentleman The seuenteenth day their died Thomas Mounslic The eighteenth day there died Robert Penniugton and Iohn Martine Gentleman The nineteenth day died Drue Piggase Gentleman The two and twentieth day of August there died Captaine Bartholomew Gosnold one of our Councell he was honourably buried hauing all the Ordnance in the Fort shot off with many vollies of small shot After
with Wood. To prepare the ground they bruise the barke of the trees neere the roote then doe they scorch the roots with fire that they grow no more The next yeere with a crooked piece of Wood they beat vp the Woods by the roots and in those moulds they plant their Corne. Their manner is this They make a hole in the earth with a sticke and into it they put foure graines of Wheat and two of Beanes These holes they make foure foot one from another Their women and children do continually keepe it with weeding and when it is growne middle high they hill it about like a Hop-yard In April they begin to plant but their chiefe plantation is in May and so they continue till the midst of Iune What they plant in April they reape in August for May in September for Iune in October Euery stalke of their Corne commonly beareth two eares some three seldome any foure many but one and some none Euery eare ordinarily hath betwixt two hundred and fiue hundred graines The stalke being greene hath a sweet iuyce in it somewhat like a Sugar Cane which is the cause that when they gather their Corne greene they sucke the stalkes for as we gather greene Pease so doe they their Corne being greene which excelleth their old They plant also Pease which they call Ass 〈…〉 which are the same they call in Italy Fagioli Their Beanes are the same the Turkes call Gar 〈…〉 s but these they much esteeme for dainties Their Corne they rost in the eare grâ—ene and bruised it in a Morter of Wood with a Polt lap it in roules in the leaues of their Corne and so boile it for a daintie They also reserue the Corne late planted that will not ripe by roasting it in hot ashes the heat thereof drying it In Winter they esteeme it being boiled with Beanes for a rare dish they call Paus 〈…〉 Their old Wheat they first steepe a night in hot water in the morning pounding it in a Morter They vse a small basket for their Temmes then pound againe the great and so separating by dashing their hand in the basket receiue the flower in a platter made of Wood scraped to that forme with burning and shels Tempering this flower in water they make it either in cakes couering with ashes till they be baked and then washing them in faire water they drie presently with their owne heat or else boile them in water eating the broth with the bread which they call Poâ—ap The grouts and pieces of the cornes remaining by fanning in a platter or in the wind away the branne they boile three or foure houres with water which is an ordinary food they call Vstatahamâ—n But some more thriftie then cleanly doe burne the coare of the eare to powder which they call Pungnough mingling that in their meale but it neuer tasted well in bread nor broth There fish and flesh they boile either very tenderly or broâ—le it so long on hurdles ouer the fire or else after the Spanish fashion putting it on a spit they turne first the one side then the other till it bee as drie as their Ierkin beefe in the West Indies that they may keepe it a month or more without putrifying The broth of fish or flesh they eate as commonly as the meat In May also amongst their Corne they plant Pumpeons and a fruit like vnto a Muake Millen but lesse and worse which they call Macocks These increase exceedingly and ripen in the beginning of Iuly and continue vntill September They plant also Maracocks a wilde fruit like a Lemmon which also increase infinitely They begin to ripe in September and continue till the end of October When all their fruits be gathered little else they plant and this is done by their women and children neither doth this long suffice them for neere three parts of the yeere they onely obserue times and seasons and liue of what the Countrey naturally affordeth from hand to mouth c. The mildnesse of the aire the fertilitie of the soile and the situation of the Riuers are so propitious to the nature and vse of man as no place is more conuenient for pleasure profit and mans sustenance Vnder that Latitude or Climate here will liue any beasts as Horses Goats Sheepe Asses Hens c. as appeared by them that were carried thither The waters Iles and shoales are full of safe harbours for ships of Warre or Merchandize for boats of all sorts for transportation or fishing c. The Bay and Riuers haue much merchandable fish and places fit for Salt coats building of Ships making of Iron c. Muscouia and Polonia doe yeerely receiue many thousands for Pitch Tarre Sope ashes Rosen Flax Cordage Sturgeon Masts Yards Wainscot Firres Glasse and such like also Swethland for Iron and Copper France in like manner for Wine Canvas and Salt Spaine as much for Iron Steele Figs Reasons and Sackes Italy with Silkes and Veluets consume our chiefe commodities Holland maintaines it selfe by Fishing and Trading at our owne doores All these temporize with other for necessities but all as vncertaine as Peace or Warres Besides the charge trauell and danger in transporting them by seas lands stormes and Pyrats Then how much hath Virginia the prerogatiue of all those flourishing Kingdomes for the benefit of our Land when as within one hundred miles all those that are to bee had either readie prouided by nature or else to be prepared were there but industrious men to labour Onely Copper we may doubt is wanting but there is good probabilitie that both Copper and better munerals are there to bee had for their labour Other Countries haue it So then here is a place a nurse for Souldiers a practise for Mariners a trade for the Merchants a reward for the good and that which is most of all a businesse most acceptable to God to bring such poore Infidels to the true knowledge of God and his holy Gospel Of the naturall Inhabitants of Virginia and their customes The land is not populous for the men be few their farre greater number is of women and children Within sixtie miles of Iames Towne there are about some 7000. people but of able men fit for their warres scarse 2000. To nourish so many together they haue yet no meanes because they make so small a benefit of their Land be it neuer so fertill seuen or eight hundred â—hough by their owne report they were aboue a thousand haue beene the most which hath beene seene together when they gathered themselues to haue surprised Captaine Smith at Pamavâ—ke hauing but fifteene to withstand the worst of their furie As small as the proportion of ground that hath yet beene discouered is in comparison of that yet vnknowne the people differ very much in stature especially in language as before is expressed Some being very great as the Sesquesahamocks others very little as the Wighcocomococs but generally tall
pretended out of their commisserations to referre him to the Councell in England to receiue a check rather then by particulating his designes make him so odious to the world as to touch his life or vtterly ouerthrow his reputation but he much scorned their charitie and publikely defied the vttermost of their crueltie hee wisely preuented their policies though hee could not suppresse their enuies yet so well hee demeaned himselfe in this businesse as all the Company did see his innocencie and his aduersaries malice and those which had beene subborned to accuse him accused his accusers of subornation many vntruths were alledged against him but being so apparantly disproued begat a generall hatred in the hearts of the Company against such vniust Commanders many were the mischiefes that daily sprung from their ignorant yet ambitious spirits but the good doctrine and exhortation of our Preacher Master Hunt reconciled them and caused Captaine Smith to be admitted of the Councell the next day all receiued the Communion the day following the Sauages voluntarily desired peace and Captaine Newport returned for England with newes leauing in Virginia one hundred the fifteenth of Iune 1607. The names of them that were the first planters were these following Master Edward-Maria Wingfield Captaine Bartholomew Gosnoll Capt. Iohn Smith Capt. Iohn Ratcliffe Cap. Iohn Martin Capt. George Kendall Councellors M. George Piercy M. Robert Hunt Preacher Anthony Gosnoll Capt. Gabrill Archer Rob. Ford William Brustar Dru Pickhouse Iohn Brookes Thomas Sands Iohn Robinson Vstis Clonill Kellam Throgmorton Nathaniell Powell Robert Behethland Ieremy Alicock Thomas Studley Richard Crofts Nicholas Houlgraue Thomas Webbe Iohn Waler William Tankard Francis Snarsbrough Edward Brookes Richard Dixon Iohn Martin George Martin Anthony Gosnold Thomas Wotton Seirg Thomas Gore Francis Midwinter Gentlemen William Laxon Edward Pising Tho. Emry Rob. Small Carpenters Anas Todkill Iohn Capper Iames Read Blacksmith Ionas Profit Sailer Tho. Couper Barber Iohn Herd Brick-layer William Garret Brick-layer Edward Brinto Mason William Loue Taylor Nic. Skot Drum Iohn Laydon William Cassen George Cassen Tho. Cassen William Rods William White Ould Edward Henry Tauin George Golding Iohn Dods Will. Iohnson Will. Vnger Labourers Will. Wilkinson Surgeon Samuell Collier Nat. Pecock Iames Brumfield Rich. Mutton with diuers others to the number of one hundred and fiue BEing thus left to our fortunes it fortuned that within ten dayes scarce ten amongst vs could either goe or well stand such extreame weaknesse and sicknesse oppressed vs. And thereat none need maruell if they consider the cause and reason which was this whilest the ships stayed our allowance was somewhat bettered by a daily proportion of bisket which the Saylers would pilfer to sell giue or exchange with vs for money saxefras furres or loue But when they departed there remained neither Tauerne Beere-house nor place of reliefe but the common kettell Had we beene as free from all sinnes as gluttony and drunkennesse we might haue beene canonized for Saints But our President would neuer haue beene admitted for ingrossing to his priuate Otemeale Sack Oile Aquavitae Beefe Egges or what not but the kettel that indeed he allowed equally to be distributed and that was halfe a pinte of Wheat and as much Barly boiled with water for a man a day and this hauing fryed some six and twentie weekes in the ships hold contained as many wormes as graines so that wee might truely call it rather so much Bran then Corne our drinke was water our lodgings castles in aire with this lodging and diet our extreame toile in bearing and planting Pallisadoes so strained and bruised vs and our continuall labour in the extreamitie of heat had so weakned vs as were cause sufficient to haue made vs as miserable in our natiue Countrey or any other place in the world From May to September those that escaped liued vpon Sturgion and Sea-Crabs fiftie in this time we buried The rest seeing the Presidents proiects to escape these miseries in our Pinnace by flight who all this time had neither felt want nor sicknesse so moued our dead spirits as wee deposed him and established Ratcliffe in his place Gosnoll being dead Kendall deposed Smith newly recouered Martin and Ratliffe was by his care preserued and relieued but now was all our prouision spent the Sturgeon gone all helpes abandoned each houre expecting the fury of the Sauages when God the Patron of all good indeauours in that desperat extreamitie so changed the hearts of the Sauages that they brought such plentie of their fruits and prouision as no man wanted The new President and Martin being little beloued of weake iudgement in dangers and lesse industry in peace committed the managing of all things abroad to Captaine Smith who by his owne example good words and faire promises set some to mow others to binde thatch some to build houses others to thatch them himselfe alwaies bearing the greatest taske for his owne share so that in short time he prouided most of them lodgings neglecting any for himselfe This done seeing the Sauages superfluitie begin to decrease with some of his workmen hee shipped himselfe in the shallop to search the Countrey for trade the want of the language knowledge to mannage his Boat without Sailers the want of sufficient power knowing the multitude of the Sauages apparell for his men and other necessaries were infinite impediments yet no discouragement Being but sixe or seuen in company hee went downe the Riuer to Kecoughtan where at first they scorned him as a starued man and would in derision offer him a handfull of Corne or a piece of Bread for their Swords and Muskets and such like proportions also for their apparell But seeing by trade there was nothing to be had necessitie forced him to exceed his Commission and to vse his Muskets to another kind of trading which made these deriders flye to the Woods Hee hasted to their houses and found store of Corne from which the hungry Souldiers were hardly detained in bastier spoile to haue betrayed themselues to the returning Sauages assault This sixtie or seuenty did presently with hideous noise to the eare and manifold colours painted to the eye singing and dancing with their Okee which was an Idol made with skins stuffed with mosse all painted and hanged with Chaines and Copper borne before them and being well armed with Clubs Targets Bowes and Arrowes they charged the English who so kindly receiued them with their Muskets loaden with Pistoll shot that downe fell their God and diuers of his worshippers lay sprauling on the ground the rest flying to the Woods Soone after they sent one of their Quiyoughcasucks to offer peace and redeeme their Okee Smith agreed that if onely sixe would come vnarmed and load his Boat with Corne hee would be their friend restore their Okee and giue them also Beads Copper Hatchets which on beth sides was performed to mutuall content and they brought him singing and dansing Venison Turkeys wild Fowle Bread
man and he sometimes my Master One hundred and twentie were landed in the last supply Thomas Studly Anas Todkill THe prodigalitie of the Presidents state went so deepe in the store that Smith and Scriuener had a while tyed both Martin and him to the Rules of Proportion but now Smith being to depart the Presidents authority so ouerswayed Master Scriueners discretion as our store our time our strength and labours were idlely consumed to fulfill his phantasies The second of Iune 1608. Smith left the Fort to performe his Discouery with this company Walter Russell Doctor of Physicke Ralph Morton Thomas Momford William Cantrill Richard Fetherstone Iames Bourne Michael Sicklemore Anas Todkill Robert Small Iames Watkins Iohn Powell Iames Read black Smith Richard Keale Fishmonger Ionas Profit fisher These being in an open Barge of two tunnes burthen leauing the Phoenix at Cape Henrie we crossed the Bay to the Easterne shoare and fell with the Iles called Smiths Iles the first people we saw there were two grimme and stout Sauages vpon Cape Charles with long Poles like Iauelings headed with bone they boldly demanded what we were and what we would but after many circumstances they in time seemed very kind and directed vs to Acawmacke the habitation of the Weroans where we were kindly intreated this King was the comeliest proper ciuill Sauage we incountred his Country is a pleasant fertile clay soyle He told vs of a strange accident lately happened him and it was Two dead children by the extreme passions of their Parents or some dreaming Visions Phantasie or affection mooued them againe to reuisit their dead carkasses whose benummed bodies reflected to the eyes of the beholders such pleasant delightfull countenances as though they had regained their vitall spirts This is a Miracle drew many to behold them all which being a great part of his people not long after died and not any one escaped They spake the Language of Powhatan wherein they made such descriptions of the Bay Iles and Riuers that often did vs exceeding pleasure Passing alongst the Coast searching euery Inlet and Bay fit for Harbours and Habitations seeing many Iles in the midst of the Bay we bore vp for them but ere we could attaine them such an extreame gust of Winde Raine Thunder and Lightning happened that with great danger wee escaped the vnmercifull raging of that Ocean-like water The next day searching those inhabitable Iles which wee called Russells Iles to prouide fresh water the defect whereof forced vs to follow the next Easterne Channell which brought vs to the Riuer Wighcocomoco the people at first with great furie seemed to assault vs yet at last with Songs Dances and much mâ—rth became very tractable but searching their habitations for water we could fill but three and that such puddle that neuer till then we knew the want of good water We digged and searched many places but ere the end of two dayes wee would haue refused two Barricoes of Gold for one of that puddle water of Wighcocomoco Being past these Iles falling with a high Land vpon the Mayne we found a great pond of fresh water but so exceeding hot that we supposed it some Bath that place we called Point-ployer in honour of that Honourable House of Mousaye that in an extreame extremitie once robbed our Captaine Beeing thus refreshed in crossing ouer from the Mayne to other Iles the winde and waters so much increased with Thunder Lightning and Raine that our fore-mast blew ouer-boord and such mightie waues ouer-wrought vs in that small Barge that with great labour wee kept her from siâ—king by freeing out the water two dayes wee were inforced to inhabit these vninhabited Iles which for the extremitie of Gusts Thunder Raine Stormes and ill weather we called Limbo Repairing our fore-sayle with our shirts we set sayle for the Mayne and fell with a faire Riuer on the East called Kuskaranaocke The people ran as amazed in troupes from place to place and diuers got into the tops of Trees they were not sparing of their Arrowes nor the greatest passion they could expresse of anger long they shot we still riding at an Anchor out of their reach making all the signes of friendship wee could The next day they came vnarmed with euery one a Bisket dancing in a ring to draw vs on shore but seeing there was nothing in them but villanie we discharged a volley of Muskets charged with Pestoll shot whereat they all lay tumbling on the ground creeping some on way some another into a great cluster of Reeds hard by where there companions lay in Ambuscado Towards the Euening wee weighed and approached the shore discharging fiue or sixe shot amongst the Reeds we landed where they laid a many of baskets but saw not a Sauage a smoke appearing on the other side the Riuer we went thither where wee found two or three little Houses in each a fire there we left some pieces of Copper Beads Bels and Looking-glasses and then went into the Bay When it was darke we came to an Anchor againe Earely in the morning foure Sauages came to vs in their Canoa whom we vsed with such courtesie nor knew what we were nor had done hauing beene in the Bay a fishing â—ad vs stay and ere long they would returne which they did and some twentie more with them with whom after a little conference two or three hundred men women and children came clustering about vs euery one presenting vs somewhat which a little Bead would so well requite we became such friends they would contend who should fetch vs water stay with vs for hostage conduct our men any whether and giue vs the best content By it inhabit the people of Soraphanigh Nause Arsek and Nautaquake that much extolled a great Nation called Massawomekes in search of whom wee returned by Limbo but finding this Easterne shore shallow broken Iles and the Mayne for most part without fresh water we passed by the Straits of Limbo for the Westerne shore So broad is the Bay here that we could scarce perceiue the great high Cliffes on the other side by them wee anchored that night and called them Richards Cliffes Thirtie leagues we sayled more Northwards not finding any Inhabitants yet the Coast well watered the Mountaines very barren the Valleyes very fertile but the Woods extreme thicke full of Wolues Beares Deere and other wild Beasts The first Inlet we found we called Bolus for that the clay in many places was like if not Bole-Armoniacke when we first set saile some of our Gallants doubted nothing but that our Captaine would make too much hast home but hauing lien not aboue twelue dayes in this small Barge oft tyred at their Oares their Bread spoyled with wet so much that it was rotten yet so good were their stomackes that they could digest it did it with continuall complaints so importune him now to returne as caused him be speake them in this manner Gentlemen if
stored with abundance and plentie in England continuall wasting no Husbandry the old store still spent on no order for new prouisions what better could befall vnto the Inhabitants Land-lords and Tenants of that corner then necessarily following cleannesse of teeth famine and death Is it not the sentence and doome of the Wiseman Yet a little sleepe a little slumber and a little folding of the hands to sleepe so thy pouerty commeth as one that trauelleth by the way and thy necessitie like an armed man And with this Idlenesse when some thing was in store all wastfull courses exercised to the heigth and the headlesse multitude some neither of qualitie nor Religion not imployed to the end for which they were sent hither no not compelled since in themselues vnwilling to sowe Corne for their owne bellies nor to put a Roote Herbe c. for their owne particular good in their Gardens or elsewhere I say in this neglect and sensuall Surfet all things suffered to runne on to lie sicke and languish must it be expected that health plentie and all the goodnesse of a well ordered State of necessitie for all this to flow in this Countrey You haue a right and noble heart worthy Lady bee iudge of the truth herein Then suffer it not bee concluded vnto you nor beleeue I beseech you that the wants and wretchednesse which they haue indured ascend out of the pouertie and vilenesse of the Countrey whether bee respected the Land or Riuers the one and the other hauing not only promised but powred enough in their veines to conuince them in such calumnies and to quit those common calamities which as the shadow accompanies the body the precedent neglects touched at if truely followed and wrought vpon What England may boast of hauing the faire hand of husbandry to manure and dresse it God and Nature haue fauourably bestowed vpon this Country and as it hath giuen vnto it both by situation height and soyle all those past hopes assurances which follow our well planted natiue Countrie and others lying vnder the same influence if as ours the Countrey and soyle might be improued and drawne forth so hath it indowed it as is most certaine with many more which England fetcheth farre vnto her from elsewhere For first wee haue experience and euen our eyes witnesse how yong so euer wee are to the Countrie that no Countrey yeeldeth goodlier Corne nor more manifold increase large Fields wee haue as prospects of the same and not farre from our Pallisado Besides wee haue thousands of goodly Vines in euery hedge and Boske running along the ground which yeelde a plentifull Grape in their kinde Let mee appeale then to knowledge if these naturall Vines were planted dressed and ordered by skilfull Vinearoones whether wee might not make a perfect Grape and fruitefull vintage in short time And we haue made triall of our owne English seedes kitchen 〈◊〉 and Rootes and finde them to prosper as speedily as in England Onely let me truely acknowledge they are not an hundreâ— or two of deboist hands dropt forth by yeare after yeare with penury and leisure ill prouâ—ed for before they come and worse to be gouerned when they are here men of such distempeâ—â—d bodies and infected mindes whom no examples daily before their eyes either of goodnesse 〈◊〉 punishment can deterre from their habituall impieties or terrifie from a shamefull death â—hat must be the Carpenters and workemen in this so glorious a building Then let no rumour of the pouerty of the Couâ—â—ry as if in the wombe thereof there lay not those elementall seedes which could produce 〈◊〉 many faire births of plenty and increase and better hopes then any land vnder the heaueâ— to which the Sunne is no neerer a neighbour I say let no imposture rumour nor any fame of â—ome one or a few more changeable actions interposing by the way or at home waue any â—â—ns faire purposes hitherward or wrest them to a declining and falling off from the businesse I will acknowledge deere Lady I haue seene much propensnesse already towards the vnity and generall endeauours how câ—â—tentedly doe such as labour with vs goe forth when men of ranke and quality assist anâ—â—et on their labours I haue seene it and I protest it I haue heard the inferiour people with alacrity of spirit professe that they should neuer refuse to doe their best in the prâ—â—tise of their sciences and knowledges when such worthy and Noble Gentlemen goe â—n and out before them and not onely so but as the occasion shall be offered no â—â—â—e helpe them with their hand then defend them with their Sword And it is to be vnderstood that such as labour are not yet so taxed but that easily they performe the same and e 〈…〉 by tenne of the clocke haue done their Mornings worke at what time they haue theâ— allowances set out ready for them and vntill it be three of the clocke againe they take their owne pleasure and afterwards with the Sunne set their dayes labour is finished In all which courses if the businesse be continued I doubt nothing with Gods fauour towards vs but to see it in time a Countrie an Hauen and a Staple fitted for such a trade as shall aduance assureder increase both to the Aduenturers and free Burgers thereof then any Trade in Christendome or then that euen in her earely dayes when Michael Cauacco the Greeke did first discouer it to our English Factor in Poland which extenus it selfe now from Calpe and Abila to the bottome of Sidon and so wide as Alexandria and all the Ports and Hauens North and South through the Arches to Cio Smyrna Troy the Hellespont and vp to Pompeys Pillar which as a Pharos or watch Tower stands vpon the wondrous opening into the Euxine Sea From the three and twentieth of May vnto the seuenth of Iune our Gouernour attempted and made triall of all the wayes that both his owne iudgement could prompe him in and the aduise of Captaine George Percy and those Gentlemen whom hee found of the Counsell when hee came in as of others whom hee caused to deliuer their knowledges concerning the State and Condition of the Countrey but after much debating it could not appeare how possibly they might preserue themselues reseruing that little which wee brought from the Bermudas in our Shippes and was vpon all occasions to stand good by vs tenne dayes from staruing For besides that the Indians were of themselues poore they were forbidden likewise by their subtile King Powhatan at all to trade with vs and not onely so but to indanger and assault any Boate vpon the Riuer or stragler out of the Fort by Land by which not long before our arriuall our people had a large Boate cut off and diuers of our men killed euen within command of our Blocke-house as likewise they shot two of our people to death after we had bin foure and fiue dayes come in and yet would
waited on to his house in the same manner And thus inclosed as I said round with a Pallizado of Planckes and strong Posts foure foote deepe in the ground of yong Oakes Walnuts c. The Fort is called in honour of his Maiesties name Iames Towne the principall Gate from the Towne through the Pallizado opens to the Riuer as at each Bulwarke there is a Gate likewise to goe forth and at euery Gate a Demi-Culuerin and so in the Market Place The houses first raised were all burnt by a casualty of fire the beginning of the second yeare of their seate and in the second Voyage of Captain Newport which since haue bin better rebuilded though as yet in no great vniformity either for the fashion or beauty of the streete A delicate wrought fine kinde of Mat the Indians make with which as they can be trucked for or snatched vp our people do dresse their chambers and inward roomes which make their houses so much the more handsome The houses haue wide and large Country Chimnies in the which is to be supposed in such plenty of wood what fires are maintained and they haue found the way to couer their houses now as the Indians with barkes of Trees as durable and as good proofe against stormes and winter weather as the best Tyle defending likewise the piercing Sunbeames of Summer and keeping the inner lodgings coole enough which before in sultry weather would be like Stoues whilest they were as at first pargetted and plaistered with Bitumen or tough Clay and thus armed for the iniury of changing times and seasons of the yeare we hold our selues well apaid though wanting Arras Hangings Tapistry and guilded Venetian Cordouan or more spruse houshold garniture and wanton City ornaments remembring the old Epigraph We dwell not here to build vs Bowers And Hals for pleasure and good cheere But Hals we build for vs and ours To dwell in them whilst we liue here True it is I may not excuse this our Fort or Iames Towne as yet seated in somewhat an vnwholesome and sickly ayre by reason it is in a marish ground low flat to the Riuer and hath no fresh water Springs seruing the Towne but what wee drew from a Well sixe or seuen fathom deepe fed by the brackish Riuer owzing into it from whence I verily beleeue the chiefe causes haue proceeded of many diseases and sicknesses which haue happened to our people who are indeede strangely afflicted with Fluxes and Agues and euery particular season by the relation of the old inhabitants hath his particular infirmity too all which if it had bin our fortunes to haue seated vpon some hill accommodated with fresh Springs and cleere ayre as doe the Natiues of the Country we might haue I beleeue well escaped and some experience we haue to perswade our selues that it may be so for of foure hundred and odde men which were seated at the Fals the last yeere when the Fleete came in with fresh and yong able spirits vnder the gouernment of Captain Francis West and of one hundred to the Seawards on the South side of our Riuer in the Country of the Nansamundes vnder the charge of Captaine Iohn Martin there did not so much as one man miscarry and but very few or none fall sicke whereas at Iames Towne the same time and the same moneths one hundred sickned halfe the number died howbeit as we condemne not Kent in England for a small Towne called Plumsted continually assaulting the dwellers there especially new commers with Agues and Feuers no more let vs lay scandall and imputation vpon the Country of Virginia because the little Quarter wherein we are set dowee vnaduisedly so chosed appeares to be vnwholesome and subiect to many ill ayres which accompany the like marish places §. IIII. The Lord La WARRES beginnings and proceedings in Iames Towne Sir THOMAS GATES sent into England his and the Companies testimony of Virginia and cause of the late miseries VPon his Lordships landing at the South gate of the Pallizado which lookes into the Riuer our Gouernour caused his Company in armes to stand in order and make a Guard It pleased him that I should beare his Colours for that time his Lordship landing fell vpon his knees and before vs all made a long and silent Prayer to himselfe and after marched vp into the Towne where at the Gate I bowed with the Colours and let them fall at his Lordships feete who passed on into the Chappell where he heard a Sermon by Master Bucke our Gouernours Preacher and after that caused a Gentleman one of his owne followers Master Anthony Scot his Ancient to reade his Commission which intituled him Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall during his life of the Colony and Plantation in Uirginia Sir Thomas Gates our Gouernour hitherto being now stiled therein Lieutenant Generall After the reading of his Lordships Commission Sir Thomas Gates rendred vp vnto his Lordship his owne Commission both Patents and the Counsell Seale after which the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall deliuered some few words vnto the Company laying many blames vpon them for many vanities and their Idlenesse earnestly wishing that he might no more finde it so least he should be compelled to draw the sword of Iustice to cut off such delinquents which he had much rather he protested draw in their defence to protect them from iniuries hartening them with the knowledge of what store of prouisions he had brought for them viz. sufficient to serue foure hundred men for one whole yeare The twelfth of Iune being Tuesday the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall did constitute and giue places of Office and charge to diuers Captaines and Gentlemen and elected vnto him a Counsell vnto whom he did administer an Oath mixed with the oath of Allegiance and Supremacy to his Maiestie which oath likewise he caused to be administred the next day after to euery particular member of the Colony of Faith Assistance and Secrecy The Counsaile which he elected were Sir Thomas Gates Kinght Lieutenant Generall Sir George Summers Knight Admirall Captaine George Percy Eâ—quire and in the Fort Captaine of fifty Sir Ferdinando Weinman Knight Master of the Ordnance Captaine Christopher Newport Vice-admirall William Strachei Esquire Secretary and Recorder As likewise the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall nominated Captaine Iohn Martin Master of the Battery workes for Steele and Iron and Captaine George Webb Sergeant Maior of the Fort and especiall Captaines ouer Companies were these appointed Captaine Edward Bruster who hath the command of his Honours owne Company Captaine Thomas Lawson Captain Thomas Holecroft Captaine Samuell Argoll Captaine George Yardley who commandeth the Lieutenant Generals Company Diuers other Officers were likewise made as Master Ralph Hamor and Master Browne Clarkes of the Counsell and Master Daniell Tucker and Master Robert Wilde Clarkes of the Store c. The first businesse which the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall after the
seuerall Maladies and Calamities I am the more desirous to particularise vnto your Lordshippes although they were too notorious to the whole Colonie lest any man should misdeeme that vnder the generall name and common excuse of sicknesse I went about to cloke either sloth or feare or any other base apprehension vnworthy the high and Honorable Charge which you had entrusted to my Fidelitie In these extremities I resolued to consult my friends Who finding Nature spent in mee and my body almost consumed my paines likewise daily encreasing gaue me aduise to prefer a hopefull recouery before an assured ruine which must necessarily haue ensued had I liued but twentie dayes longer in Virginia wanting at that instant both food and Physicke fit to remedy such extraordinary Diseases and restore that strength so desperately decayed Whereupon after a long consultation held I resolued by generall consent and perswasion to ship my selfe for Meuis an Island in the West Indies famous for wholsesome Bathes there to try what helpe the Heauenly Prouidence would affoord mee by the benefit of the hot Bath But God who guideth all things according to his good will and pleasure so prouided that after we had sayled an hundred Leagues we met with Southerly windes which forced mee to change my purpose my bodie being altogether vnable to endure the tediousnesse of a long Voyage and so steere my course for the Westerne Ilands which I no sooner recouered then I found helpe for my health and my sicknesse asswaged by meanes of fresh Diet and especially of Orenges and Lemons an vndoubted remedy and medicine for that Disease which lastly and so long had afflicted me which ease as soone as I found I resolued although my body remayned still feeble and weake to returne backe to my charge in Virginia againe but I was aduised not to hazard my selfe before I had perfectly recouered my strength which by counsell I was perswaded to seeke in the naturall Ayre of my Countrey and so I came for England In which Accident I doubt not but men of reason and of iudgement will imagine there would more danger and preiudice haue happened by my death there then I hope can doe by my returne In the next place I am to giue account in what estate I left the Colonie for gouernment in my absence It may please your Lordships therefore to vnderstand that vpon my departure thence I made choice of Captaine George Percie a Gentleman of honour and resolution and of no small experience in that place to remayne Deputie Gouernour vntill the comming of the Marshall Sir Thomas Dale whose Commission was likewise to be determined vpon the arriuall of Sir Thomas Gates according to the intent and order of your Lordships and the Councell here The number of men I left there were vpward of two hundred the most in health and prouided of at least ten moneths victuals in their Store-house which is daily issued vnto them besides other helps in the Countrey lately found out by Captaine Argoll by trading with pettie Kings in those parts who for a small returne of a piece of Iron Copper c. haue consented to trucke great quantities of Corne and willingly imbrace the intercourse of Traffique shewing vnto our people certaine signes of amitie and affection And for the better strengthening and securing of the Colonie in the time of my weaknesse there I tooke order for the building of three seuerall Forts two of which are seated neere Point Comfort to which adioyneth a large circuit of ground open and fit for Corne the third Fort is at the Falls vpon an Iland inuironed also with Corne ground These are not all manned for I wanted the commoditie of Boats hauing but two and one Barge in all the Countrey which hath beene cause that our fishing hath beene in some sort hindered for want of those prouisions which easily will be remedied when we can gaine sufficient men to bee imployed about those businesses which in Virginia I found not but since meeting with Sir Thomas Gates at the Cowes neere Portsmouth to whom I gaue a particular account of all my proceedings and of the present estate of the Colonie as I left it I vnderstood those wants are supplyed in his Fleet. The Country is wonderfull fertile and very rich and makes good whatsoeuer heretofore hath beene reported of it the Cattell alreadie there are much encreased and thriue exceedingly with the pasture of that Countrie The Kine all this last Winter though the ground was couered most with Snow and the Season sharpe liued without other feeding then the grasse they found with which they prospered well and many of them readie to fall with Calue Milke beeing a great nourishment and refreshing to our people seruing also in occasion as well for Physicke as for food so that it is no way to be doubted but when it shall please God that Sir Thomas Dale and Sir Thomas Gates shall arriue in Virginia with their extraordinary supply of one hundred Kine and two hundred Swine besides store of all manner of other prouisions for the sustenance and maintenance of the Colonie there will appeare that successe in the Action as shall giue no man cause of distrust that hath alreadie aduentured but encourage euery good minde to further so worthy a worke as will redound both to the glory of God to the credit of our Nation and to the comfort of all those that haue beene Instruments in the furthering of it The last Discouery during my continuall sicknesse was by Captaine Argoll who hath found a Trade with Patamack a King as great as Powhatan who still remaynes our Enemie though not able to doe vs hurt This is in a goodly Riuer called Patomack vpon the borders whereof there are growne the goodliest Trees for Masts that may bee found else-where in the World Hempe better then English growing wild in abundance Mynes of Antimonie and Lead There is also found without our Bay to the Northward an excellent fishing Banke for Cod and Ling as good as can be eaten and of a kind that will keepe a whole yeere in ships hold with little care a triall whereof I now haue brought ouer with me Other Ilands there are vpon our Coasts that doe promise rich Merchandize and will further exceedingly the establishing of the Plantation by supply of many helpes and will speedily affoord a returne of many worthy commodities I haue left much ground in part manured to receiue Corne hauing caused it the last Winter to be sowed for Roots with which our people were greatly releeued There are many Vines planted in diuers places and doe prosper well there is no want of any thing if the action can be vpheld with constancie and resolution Lastly concerning my selfe and my course though the World may imagine that this Countrie and Climate will by that which I haue suffered beyond any other of that Plantation ill agree with the state of my bodie yet I
in houses sequestred from the common course of men neither may any man be suffered to come into their house or to speake with them but when this Priest doth call him He taketh no care for his victuals for all such kinde of things both Bread and Water c. are brought vnto a place neere vnto his cottage and there are left which hee fetcheth for 〈◊〉 proper neede If they would haue raine or haue lost any thing they haue their recourse to him who coniureth for them and many times preuaileth If they be sicke he is their Physician if they be wounded he sucketh them At his command they make warre and peace neither doe they any thing of moment without him I will not be tedious in these strange Narrations when I haue more perfectly entered into their secrets you shall know all Finally there is a ciuill gouernment amongst them which they strictly obserue and shew thereby that the law of Nature dwellâ—th in them for they haue a rude kinde of Common-wealth and rough gouernment wherein they both honour and obey their Kings Parents and Gouernours both greater and lesse they obserue the limits of their owne possessions Murther is scarsly heard of Adultery and other offences seuerely punished The whole Continent of Uirginia situate within the degrees of 34. and 47. is a place beautified by God with all the ornaments of nature and enriched with his earthly treasures that part of it which we already possesse beginning at the Bay of Chaesapheac and stretching it selfe in Northerly latitude to the degrees of 39. and 40. is interlined with seuen most goodly Riuers the least whereof is equall to our Riuer of Thames and all these Riuers are so neerely ioyned as that there is not very much distance of dry ground betweene either of them and those seuâ—rall maine lands are euery where watered with many veines or creekes of water which sundry waies doe ouerthwart the land and make it almost nauigable from one Riuer to the other The commodity whereof to those that shall inhabite this land is infinite in respect of the speedy and easie transportance of goods from one Riuer to the other I cannot better manifest it vnto you but in aduising you to consider whether the water or land hath beene more beneficiall to the Low-Countries To the Riuer which we inhabit commonly called Powhatans Riuer ebbeth and floweth one hundred and forty miles into the maine at the mouth whereof are the two Forts of Henrico and Charles two and forty miles vpward is the first and Mother-Christian Towne seated called Iames-Towne and seuenty miles beyond that vpward is the new Towne of Henricâ— built and so named in the memory of Noble Prince Henry of lasting and blessed memory tenne miles beyond this is a place called the Fals because the Riuer hath there a great descent falling downe between many minerall Rockes which be there twelue miles farther beyond this place is there a Christall Rocke wherewith the Indians doe head many of their Arrowes three dayes iourney from thence is there a Rock or stony hill found which is in the top couered all ouer with a perfect and most rich Siluer oare Our men that went to discouer those parts had but two Iron Pickaxes with them and those so ill tempered that the points of them turned againe and bowed at euery stroake so that we could not search the entrailes of the place yet some triall was made of that oare with good successe and argument of much hope Six dayes iourney beyond this Mine a great ridge of high hils doe runne along the maine land not farre from whom the Indians report a great Sea doth runne which we commonly call a South Sea but in respect of our habitation is a West Sea for there the Sun setteth from vs. The higher ground is much like vnto the molde of France clay and sand being proportionably mixed together at the top but if we digge any depth as we haue done for out Bricks we finde it to be red clay full of glistering spangles There be many rockie places in all quarters more then probable likelihoods of rich Mines of all sorts though I knew all yet it were not conuenient at this time that I should vtter all neither haue wee had meanes to search for any thing as we ought thorough present want of men and former wants of prouision for the belly As for Iron Steele Antimonium and Terra sigillata they haue rather offered themselues to our eyes and hands then bin sought for of vs. The Ayre of the Countrey especially about Henrico and vpward is very temperate and agreeth well with our bodies The extremity of Summer is not so hot as Spaine nor the cold of Winter so sharpe as the frosts of England The Spring and Haruest are the two longest seasons and most pleasant the Summer and Winter are both but short The Winter is for the most part dry and faire but the Summer watered often with many great and sodaine showers of raine whereby the cold of Winter is warmed and the heate of Summer cooled Many haue died with vs heretofore thorough their owne filthinesse and want of bodily comforts for sicke men but now very few are sicke among vs not aboue three persons amongst all the inhabitants of Henrico I would to God our soules were no sicker then our bodies The naturall people of the Land are generally such as you heard of before A people to be feared of those that come vpon them without defensiue Armor but otherwise faint-hearted if they see their Arrowes cannot pierce and easie to be subdued Shirts of Male or quilted cotten coates are the best defence against them There is but one or two of their petty Kings that for feare of vs haue desired our friendship and those keepe good quarter with vs being very pleasant amongst vs and if occasion be seruiceable vnto vs. Our eldest friends be Pipisco and Choapoke who are our ouerthwart neighbours at Iames-Towne and haue beene friendly to vs in our great want The other is the Werowance of Chescheak who but lately traded with vs peaceably If we were once the masters of their Country and they stood in feare of vs which might with few hands imployed about nothing else be in short time brought to passe it were an easie matter to make them willingly to forsake the Diuell to embrace the faith of Iesus Christ and to be baptized Besides you cannot easily iudge how much they would be auaileable to vs in our Discoueries of the Countrey in our Buildings and Plantings and quiet prouision for our selues when we may peaceably passe from place to place without neede of Armes or Guard The meanes for our people to liue and subsist here of themselues are many and most certaine both for Beasts Birds and Hearbes The Beasts of the Countrey are for the most part wilde as Lyons Beares Wolues and Deere Foxes blacke and red Rakowns Beuers Possowns
would haue it done as they had formerly determined by Lot Which thing I did with all faithfulnesse and diligence the manner of it doth aboue appeare and is more largely manifested in a Booke of the Suruey of the Country exhibited to the Right Honorable his Maiesties Counsell and the Court of Aduenturers for these parts And then began this which was before as it were an vnsetled and confused Chaos I mean as touching a Plantation for considered onely as a Regiment it was otherwise to receiue a conuenient disposition forme and order and to become indeed a Plantation for though the Countrey was small yet they could not haue beene conueniently disposed and well settled without a true description and suruey made of it and againe euery man being settled where hee might constantly abide they knew their businesse and fitted their houshold accordingly They built for themselues and their Families not Tents or Cabins but more substantiall houses they cleered their grounds and planted not onely such things as would yeeld them their fruits in a yeere or halfe a yeere but all such too as would affoord them profit after certaine yeeres c. So that in short time after euen before expiration of Captaine Tuckers gouernment the Country began to aspire and neerely to approch vnto that happinesse and prosperity wherein now it flourisheth For may it not iustly be accounted happinesse and prosperitie for men to liue where they enioy the meanes of true Religion and Saluation to wit the sincere Ministerie of the Word and Sacraments where the gouernment is good without rigour and oppression the place healthfull and temperate where they are freed from all extreme care and toyle where they haue food in abundance and very good with other things needfull to the body and where they haue Commodities meete for Trade by which they better aduance their estates all which and more is largely verified in the presâ—nt estate of that Colonie whatsoeuer some maliciously minded or to euill ends suborned may say to the contrary so that there may seeme to bee a restauration of that Golden Age so much spoken of The Gouernour now there resident is one Captaine Butler for Captaine Tucker departing thence in December 1618. left in his place Captaine Kendall who also was one that supplied the same place in the interim betweene Master Moores time and Captaine Tuckers and hath spent some nine or ten yeeres in the Countrey But in the yeere 1619. about Midsummer the Aduenturers sent thither as Gouernour for three yeeres according to the custome the said Captaine Butler and foure ships with some fiue hundred persons there beeing at that time in the Countrey onely fiue hundred more for by the space of foure yeeres to wit during the latter part of Master Moores gouernment and all the time of Captaine Tuckers they had sent few thither being almost hopelesse of the place by reason of the Rats But since there haue beene sent many companies more then haue come to my knowledge Insomuch that I vnderstand the Countrey is now almost fully planted and inhabited Thus haue I briefly related so farre forth as hath come to my knowledge and remembrance euery thing of most note and importance that hath befallen in the first Discouerie and planting of these Ilands till this present I haue laboured to contract my selfe yet haue exceeded my entended limits Now I must speake something of the Countrey it selfe Which consisteth of a company of small Ilands situate and formed as aboue appeareth It lyeth in the Westerne Ocean in that part of the World lately discouered and called America or the New World vulgarly the West Indies It hath Latitude or Eleuation as is abouesaid 32. degrees 25. minutes which is almost the same with the Maderaes or rather more Southward The Countrey is round about enuironed with Rockes which to the Northward Westward and Southward extend farther then hath beene yet discouered By reason of these Rockes the Countrey is very strong For there is onely two places and scarce two except to such as know them well where shipping may safely come in and those places are very well fortified but within is roome to entertaine a Royall Fleet. The Rockes in most places appeare at a low water neither are they much couered at a high water For it ebbes and flowes there not aboue fiue foot The shoare it selfe for the most part is a Rocke so hardned by the Sunne Wind and Sea that it is not apt to be worne by the Waues whose violence is also broken by the Rocks before they come at the shoare The Mould is of diuers colours neither Clay nor Sand but a meane betweene The Red which resembleth Clay is worst the whitish resembling Sand and the blackish Clay is good the Browne betweene them both which they call white because there is mingled with it as it were a white Marle is best Vnder the Mould two or three foote deepe and sometimes lesse is a kind of white hard substance which they call the Rocke the Trees vsually fasten their Roots in it and draw their nourishment from it Neither is it indeed Rocke or Stone nor so hard though for the most part harder then Chalke not so white but Pumice-like and Spongie easily receiuing and contayning much water I haue seene in some places Clay found vnder it It seemes to be engendred of the Raine water drayning through the earth and drawing with it of his substance vnto a certaine depth where it congeales The hardest kind of it which is commonly vnder the red ground is not so Spongie nor retaynes much water but lyeth in the ground in Quarries as it were thicke Slates one vpon another and there is some chinkes or creuises betwixt one late and another through which the water hath passage so that in such places there is scarce found any fresh water For all or the most part of their fresh water whereof they haue good store commeth out of the Sea drayning through the Sand or through the foresaid substance which they call the Rocke and leauing his Salt behind it becomes fresh Sometimes we digged Welles of fresh water within foure or fiue paces of the Sea-side sometimes further off The most part of them would ebbe and flow as the Sea did and be leuell or little higher then the Superficies of the Sea The Aire is most commonly cleere very temperate moist with a moderate heate very healthfull and apt for the Generation and nourishing of all things so that there is scarce any thing transported from hence thither but it yeelds a farre greater encrease and if it be any liuing thing becomes fatter and better liking then here By this meanes the Countrey was so replenished with Hennes and Turkeyes within the space of three or foure yeeres that beeing neglected many of them forsooke the Houses and became wilde and so liued in great abundance The like encrease there is of Hogges and other Cattle according to their kinds There seemes to be
chosen Gouernour till further order came from London The Wormes before mentioned are still troublesome and make them morning workes to kill them Caterpillers are pernicious to their fruits and Land Crabs are as thicke in some places as Conies in a Warren and doe much harme A Ship in which had beene much swearing and blaspheming vsed all the voyage perished the companies negligence iovially frolicking in their cups and Tobacco hauing landed certaine goods by accident the Powder fired and blew vp the great Cabbin some were taken vp in the Sea liuing in miserable torments eighteene were lost with this fatall blast the Ship also sunke with sixtie Barrells of Meale sent for Virginia and her other prouisions lost The Company haue sent Captaine Woodhouse in a Ship called the Tigre for that gouernment a man much commended and hopefull I haue beene told that there are three thousand persons of all sorts liuing there halfe of which number is able to beare Armes and exercised to that seruice CHAP. XIX Briefe intelligence from Virginia by Letters a supplement of French-Virginian Occurrants and their supplantation by Sir SAMVEL ARGAL in right of the English Plantation THe late alteration of Virginia Gouernment is vnknowne to none and most know of the frequent complaints both by priuate Letters and by Petitions to his Maiesty Now least any should hereupon thinke Virginia to be vnworthy of such our care and cost I haue out of one of the Planters priuate Letters transcribed a few words of grieuances and yet a magnifying of the Country that the English may be more blamed for want of Prouidence then the Region for defect of Natures best gifts Other things I could alleadge from others but my meaning is to amend things not to quarrell them and to awaken the care of good men rather then to recite the faults of the bad In one Letter dated Dec. 22. last past he hath these words The intollerable rates we pay here for commodities as ten pound sterling a hogshead of Meale sixteen shillings a gallon of Alligant three pound sterling a Henne and eight Chickens c. and so according to these rates for euery thing else lastly the heauy taxations that are laid vpon vs free men for building of Castles paying of publique debts for the not gathering of Sasafras c. so that it will come to my share with that that is paid and that that is to pay in Corne and Tobacco to at least twenty or fiue and twenty pound sterling this yeere so that when I haue paid this and paid my faithlesse seruants their wages I shal scarse haue good Tobacco enough left to buy my selfe for the next yeer a pint of Aquauitae c. Thus you see I neither warrant nor except against the truth but present the worst quarelled paralelled with the best complaints of great prizes of things not arising from plenty of money as you reade before in the conquest of Peru but from I know not what ill habit and indisposition of that Colony And least any man should withdraw his heart hand or purse therefore from that worthy work I haue out of the same mans Letters deliuered a commendation of the Countrey The Letters were written and dated 22. March 1624. and containe for substance none other then what before you haue read in others yet are more sutable to this time and purpose as later newes and fitter directories to the Phisitians of that Estate that at last the English honour may be vindicated against so base perils from Sauages and baser quarrels from and amongst our owne God prosper his Maiesties care and make those which are therein emploied not to seeke their owne good by hasty returnes much lesse other their fellow aduenturers euill by calumnies and vnderminings but Virginias prosperity of which Natures prosperity is thus related by one querulous of his owne losses and crosses His words are these Now concerning the state of the Country so much as I haue obserued I will relate vnto you First the Countrie it selfe I must confesse is a very pleasant Land rich in Commodities and fertile in soyle to produce all manner of Plants Hearbes and Fruites I haue seene here my selfe both Carrets Turneps Cabages Onyons Leekes Garlicke Tyme Parseley Pompions Muskmilion and Watermilions rare fruits and exceeding wholesome here are also Strawberries I haue lien downe in one place in my Corne field and in the compasse of my reach haue filled my belly in the place and for Mulberries I can when I list goe and gather a bushell at a time here is also a coole Fruite growing wildely on the ground much resembling a great Walnut with the greene rinde on it which reserues in it three admirable good tastes namely of Strawberries Rosewater and Sugar they were an exceeding great comfort to me in my last yeeres sicknesse and are admirable good against the bloudly fluxe English Wheate and Barley will grow here exceeding well I haue seene here growing as good English Wheate as euer I saw in England in all my life For Timber we haue the Oake Ashe Poplar blacke Walnut white Walnut Pines Gumme trees the Pines here afford admirable good Pitch and Tarre and serue split out in small peeces in many places of this Land instead of Candles but it will smeare one worse then a Linke here are also Peare trees which yearely bring forth Peares But there is a tree that passeth all Fruite trees which we call by the names of a Prissurmon tree which beareth a Plum much about the bignesse of a Peare plum I doe thinke it is one of the rarest Fruites in the world when they are ripe they eate naturally of themselues from the tree better then any preserued Plummes I euer tasted in England The Beasts that this Land is plentifully stored withall are Deere Beares in some parts Beauers Otters Foxes Hares Squirrels Roccounes Possucins names strange to you yet are they singular good meate the Roccouns tasting as well as Pigges flesh Indian Dogges here are as good meate with vs as your English Lambe English Cattell here increase and thriue very well as Kine Hogges Goates and Poultry Fowle here are abundance as Swans Brants Geese Turkies Herons Cranes Eagles fishing Hawkes Bussards Ducke and Mallard Sheldrake Dapchicke Partriches Pidgeons Crowes Blacke-birds and all manner of small Birds in abundance Our Riuers here are likewise rich by the abundance of Fish as Herings Shads Perch Eele Pike Carpe Cat-fish Rock-fish Gor-fish and Sturgeon If here were any that would make fishing for Sturgeon an occupation they might take inough to furnish this Land and also plentifully supply England I my selfe haue seene aboue twenty Sturgeon leape aboue water in lesse then two houres As for our Graine I thinke it produceth the plentifullest encrease of any Corne in the World for I haue seene one graine of Corne that by the assistance of growth and time hath yeelded a pint of Corne we haue here also Beanes and Pease I confesse here are
are inuited to praise the name of the Lord for hee hath commanded and they were created How much more should the tongue of man be the Pen of a readie writer and as it is called The glory of the man so imploy it selfe in setting forth the glory of God in his Workes of Creation Prouidence Redemption God is a Glorious Circle whose Center is euery where his circumference no where himselfe to himselfe is Circle and Circumference the Ocean of Entitie that very vbique from whom to whom the Centre of vnitie all diuersified lines of varietie issue and returne And although we euery where feele his present Deitie yet the difference of heauenly climate and influence causing such discording concord of dayes nights seasons such varietie of meteors elements aliments such noueltie in Beasts Fishes Fowles such luxuriant plentie and admirable raritie of Trees Shrubs Hearbs such fertilitie of soyle insinuation of Seas multiplicitie of Riuers safetie of Ports healthfulnesse of ayre opportunities of habitation materialls for action obiects for contemplation haps in present hopes of future worlds of varietie in that diuersified world doe quicken our mindes to apprehend whet our tongues to declare and fill both with arguments of diuine praise On the other side considering so good a Countrey so bad people hauing little of Humanitie but shape ignorant of Ciuilitie of Arts of Religion more brutish then the beasts they hunt more wild and vnmanly then that vnmanned wild Countrey which they range rather then inhabite captiuated also to Satans tyranny in foolish pieties mad impieties wicked idlenesse busie and bloudy wickednesse hence haue wee fit obiects of zeale and pitie to deliuer from the power of darknesse that where it was said Yee are not my people they may bee called the children of the liuing God that Iustice may so proceed in rooting out those murtherers that yet in iudgement imitating Gods deâ—ling with vs wee may remember Mercy to such as their owne innocence shall protect and Hope shall in Charitie iudge capable of Christian Faith And let men know that hee which conuerteth a sinner from the errour of his way shall saue a soule from death and shall hide a multitude of sinnes And Sauiours shall thus come on Mount Zion to iudge the Mount of Esau and the Kingdome of Virginia shall be Lord. Thus shall wee at once ouercome both Men and Deuills and espouse Virginia to one husband presenting her as a chast Uirgin to Christ. If the eye of Aduenturers were thus single how soone and all the body should be light But the louing our selues more then God hath detained so great blessings from vs to Virginia and from Virginia to vs. Godlinesse hath the promises of this life and that which is to come And if wee be carefull to doe Gods will he will be ready to doe ours All the rich endowments of Uirginia her Virgin-portion from the creation nothing lessened are wages for all this worke God in wisedome hauing enriched the Sauage Countries that those riches might be attractiues for Christian suters which there may sowe spirituals and reape temporals But what are those riches where we heare of no Gold nor Siluer and see more impouerished here then thence enriched and for Mines we heare of none but Iron Iron mindes Iron age of the world who gaue Gold or Siluer the Monopoly of wealth or made them the Almighties fauorites Precious perils specious punishments whose originall is neerest hell whose house is darknesse which haue no eye to see the heauens nor admit heauens eye guilty malefactors to see them neuer produced to light but by violence and conuinced vpon records written in bloud the occasioners of violence in the World which haue infected the surface of their natiue earth with deformity and sterility these Mines being fit emblemes of mindes couetous stored with want and euer wanting their owne store her bowels with darknesse damps deaths causing trouble to the neighbour Regions and mischiefe to the remotest Penurious mindes Is there no riches but Gold Mines Are Iron Mines neglected reiected for hopes of Siluer What and who else is the Alchymist and impostor which turnes the World and Men and all into Iron And how much Iron-workes in Warres and Massacres hath American Gold and Siluer wrought thorow all Christendome Neither speake I this as if our hopes were blasted and growne deplorate and desperate this way the Country being so little searched and the remote in-land-Mountaines vnknowne but to shew the fordid tincture and base alloy of these Mine-mindes Did not the Spanish Iron tell me you that contemne Iron-mines draw to it the Indian Siluer and Gold I will not be a Prophet for Spaine from Virginia But I cannot forget the wily apophthegme of the Pilots Boy in the Cacafuego a great Ship laden with treasure taken in the South Sea by Sir Francis Drake who seeing the English Ordnance command such treasure from the Spanish Cacafuego Our Ship said he shall be called the Cacaplata and the English may be named the Cacafuego I will not be so vnmannerly to giue you the homely English it is enough that English Iron brought home the Spanish-Indian Siluer and Gold But let vs consult with the wisest Councellour Canaan Abrahams promise Israels inheritance type of heauen and ioy of the earth What were her riches were they not the Grapes of Eshcol the balme of Gilead the Cedary neighbourhood of Libanus the pastury vale of Ierieho the dewes of heauen fertility of soile temper of climat the flowing not with Golden Sands but with Milke and Hony necessaries and pleasures of life not bottomelesse gulfes of lust the commodious scituation for two Seas and other things like in how many inferiour to this of Virginia What golden Country euer nourished with her naturall store the hundreth part of men in so small a proportion of earth as Dauid there mustered being 1100000. of Israel and 500000. of Iuda not reckoning the Tribes of Leui and Beniamin all able men for warres And after him in a little part of that little Iehoshaphat More I dare say then the Spaniards can finde in one hundred times so much of their Mine lands and choose their best in Peru New Spaine and the Ilands the Scriptures containing an infallible muster-booke of 1160000. able Souldiers in his small territories That then is the richest Land which can feede most men Man being a mortall God the best part of the best earth and visible end of the visible World What remarkeable Gold or Siluer Mines hath France Belgia Lumbardy or other the richest peeces of Europe what hath Babylonia Mauritania or other the best of Asia and Africke What this our fertile Mother England Aske our late Trauellers which saw so much of Spaine the most famous part of Europe for Mynes of old and inriched with the Mynes of the New World if an Englishman needs to enuy a Spaniard or prefer a Spanish life and happinesse to his owne Their old
Mynes made them the seruants of Rome and Carthage and what their Mynes and mindes doe now I leaue them to others Once as the Mynes are in barrennest soyle and couetous men haue least euen when they are had of most money medijs vt Tantalus vndis so I haue heard that in Spaine is lesse Gold and Siluer then in other parts of Europe I dare not mention the proportions from both Spanish and English relation their vsuall money also to meddle with no more is of base mettall and their greatest summes computed by Marauedis lesse then our later tokens except which deuised for poorer vses of the poorest England of long time knowes no base monyes and hath seene plentie of Siluer and Gold of Wine and Oyle which grow not in her when Spaine which produceth these is fed with salads and drinketh water helped now and then with Hogges-kinne vnsauoury Wine The Indian Fountaines runne with golden and siluer streames sic vos non vobis not to themselues but into that Spanish Cisterne and these Cisternes are like those of the London Water-house which hath the Conduit Pipes alway open in the bottome so that a thousand other Cisternes hold more water then it so may it be said of the other it is not Concha but Canalis a Pipe rather then Cisterne a Cash-keeper rather then Owner and which is spoken of better things remaining poore makes many rich To proceed are not Myners the most miserable of Slaues toyled continually and vnto manifold deaths tired for others in bringing to light those Treasures of darknesse and liuing if they liue or if that bee a life in the suburbs of Hell to make others dreame of Heauen Yea Paradise the modell of heauen had in it no Minerals nor was Adam in his innocency or Noah after the Worlds recouery both Lords of all employed in Mines but in those happy workes which Uirginia inuiteth England vnto in Vines Gardening and Husbandry Neither let any man thinke that I pleade against the sourenesse of the Grapes like the Foxe which could not reach them but I seriously shew that they are calues and not men which adore the golden Calfe or Nabuchadnezzars great golden statue as if the body were not more then raiment and those things to be preferred to money for whose sake mony the creature of man base Idolatry where the Creator worships his creature was first ordained and still hath both vse and being Doe we not see in this respect that the Silkes Calicos Drugges and Spices of the East swallow vp not to mention the Belgian whirlepoole all the Mines of the West and that one Carricke carrieth more Rials thither then perhaps some whole Region in Spaine retaineth for vulgar vse And whence are English Portugals or Dutchmen fitted for that commerce as if America had ominously for other iust reason there is none beene called India as if the West were but drudge and factor for the East And what hath dispeopled the New World not leauing in some places one of Millions but Auri sacra fames others killing them in the Mines or they killing themselues to preuent the Mines Let it be riches enough that Sir Thomas Dale testified by Letters from thence and after his returne to me that foure of the best Kingdomes of Christendome were not for naturall endowments comparable to Virginia and which I haue heard of one which hath trauelled in all the best Regions of Europe and hath seene more of Virginia then perhaps any man else and which needes not speake for any gaine there or thence gotten as no reputed fauourite or fauourer of that Society and their actions that he hath seene no Country to be preferred for soile nor for commodious Riuers to be compared And if successe hath not beene correspondent to English hopes who seeth not the causes of those diseasters Diuision that taile-headed Amphisbana and many-headed monster deformed issue of that difformed old Serpent in some of the Colony there CoÌ„pany here hath from time to time thrust in her forged venomous tongue wherby they haue swolne with deadly poison of great thoughts of heart onely by pride doe men make contention with blinde-staring eyes of self-loue abounding in their own sense whence suspicions iealousies factions partialities to friends and dependants wilfull obstinacies and other furious passions haue transported men from Uirginias good and their owne Couetousnesse hath distorted others to minde earth and not heauen in hastinesse of more then speedy returne and present gaine forgetting that Godlinesse is the best gaine and that they are planting a Colony not reaping a haruest for a publike and not but in subordinate order priuate wealth A long time Uirginia was thought to be much encombered with Englands excrements some vicious persons as corrupt leuin sowring or as plague sores infecting others and that Colony was made a Port Exquiline for such as by ordure or vomit were by good order and physicke worthy to be euacuated from This Body whence not only lazie drones did not further the Plantation but wicked Waspes with sharking and the worst that is beggerly tyrants frustrated and supplanted the labours of others Caelum non animum mutant qui trans mare currunt A prodigious Prodigall here is not easily metamorphosed in a Virginian passage to a thrifty Planter nor can there neede wiser choise or more industrious course in any vndertaking then is requisite in a Christian Colonies plantation amongst Infidels Which I suppose hath beene carefully by many Aduenturers practised and whatsoeuer faults happened by ignorance in the beginnings neglect of seasons riot slâ—ath occasionall wants of or in Gouernours or Gouernment abuses of Mariners trechery of Fugitiues and Sauages and other diseases which haue in part attended all new Plantatâ—ons and consumed many experience I hope by this time hath taught to preuent or remedy The late barbarous Massacre hinc illa lachrymâ— still bleedeth and when things were reported to be in better forwardnesse then euer in great part blasted those hopefull blossomes di 〈…〉 ointed the proceedings in the Iron workes Vineyards Mulberry plants and in sudden shifts for life exposed them to manifold necessities insomuch that many of the Principals being slain the rest surprised with feare reduced themselues almost from eighty to eight Plantations whereby pestered with multitude and destitute of Corne and other forsaken necessaries they incurred a grieuous and generall sicknesse which being increased by infection of some passengers tainted in their Ship-passage with corrupt Beere there followed a mortality which consumed about fiue hundred persons besides three hundred and fifty or thereabouts murthered in that Sauage-Massacre All which notwithstanding there remaine some haue if truely calculated and coniectured eighteene hundred persons for whose security and prouision it hath pleased his Maiesty to haue a Royall care as lâ—kewise the Honorable Lords of his Maiesties priuy Councell besides the honorable endeuours of the Councell and well affected members of that Society
wantonized and danced a Loath to depart in the winding of those Streames which seeme willingly againe and againe to embrace that beloued Soile and to present her with rich Collers of siluer Esses murmuring that they must leaue so fresh and fertile a Land of which at last with Salt teares they take their leaue but contracting with their New Sea Lord to visit their old Land-lord and former Loue euery Floud Meane whiles those many impetuous clippings and sweet embraces searching refuges euery way make shew as if they would meet together in consultation and agree on some Conspiracie which howsoeuer disappointed yeeld neuerthelesse many conueniences of entercourse and easier portage each Riuer comming within foure eight ten miles more or fewer in diuers places of another All these Riuers runne into a faire Bay on which the Earth euery way is a greedie gazing Spectator except where the Ocean rusheth in to rauish her beauties flowing neere two hundred miles into it and forcing a Channell one hundred and fortie of depth betwixt seuen and fifteene fathome and ten or fourteene miles in ordinary breadth The Earth yet vndermining it by Ilands and mustering those Riuer Captaines and innumerable Springs and Brookes maintaineth his fresh challenge with continuall Warres forcing backe the Ocean euery Ebbe to retire which yet loth to lose so sweete a possession returneth within few houres freshly flowing with Salt re-enforcements Fifthly the soile is blessed euery Element bestowing a rich portion on her The fire hath treasures laid vp to maintaine her fewell vnto prodigality yea which seldome meete a thriftie prodigality for many yeeres Her store of waters you haue heard but not her watery store of fishes vnto incredibility in kinds goodnesse numbers The Aire is no lesse luxuriant in the Fowles of Heauen But the Earth fruitfull Mother of Mankind she is prodigiously prodigall in fatnesse of the soile talnesse sweetnesse strength varietie numberlesse numbers of her Trees her Oakes no lesse excellent then frequent many of them bearing two foote and an halfe square of good Timber twenty yards long of which also are diuers kinds Elmes and Ashes of which Sope-ashes are made Wal-nuts in three sorts Cypresses or much resembling them Cedars and other sweet smelling Timbers Chesnuts Plummes of diuers sorts Cheries and other Trees c. reckoned by Virginian Relators I omit But most remarkable and promising are the Mulberie and the Vine the one to the backe the other to the belly yeelding Silkes and Wine As for Silke how great profits are raised thereof to the Chinois and Persian Yea to come neerer in Naples and other parts of Italy which haue prouoked France to a generall imitation And how vnualuable are the expenses of this Kingdome for that materiall Ut matronae in publico luceant Likewise for Wines from France Spaine Germanie and other parts how many thousands are yeerely expended to the profits of Strangers that I say not to enemies or at least to suspected friends It hath pleased his Maiestie to take these two into his Princely consideration and by his Letter to the Right Honorable the Earle of Southampton and the Company of Virginia to commend and command this care to them The Countrey it selfe naturally produceth Vines in great abundance and some of a very good sort diuers plants also haue beene sent thither of the better kinds of Christendome with eight Vignerons procured from Languedock for the husbanding of that commoditie The Soyle is no lesse naturally happy in Mulberie Trees of the best kind and some Silke-wormes also and generall order hath beene taken for the abundant planting of them in all places inhabited large supply also of Silke-worme-seed from his Maiesties store and men skilfull in that kind for the well ordering of that businesse haue beene sent In a word the very prosperity and pregnant hopes of that Plantation made the Deuil and his lims to enuy feare and hate it Hence thatbloudy Massacre which caused almost a sudden Chaos to the hinderance of those affaires by the convulsions combustions and almost confusion of that Body and their Designes whereof yet we hope not only a recouery but greater aduantage the greatest danger from the Sauages growing out of our mens confidence which that terrible stroke except a stupid Deuill possesse vs hath cut off which likewise requires that seruile natures be seruily vsed that future dangers be preuented by the extirpation of the more dangerous and commodities also raised out of the seruilenesse and seruiceablenesse of the rest As for Sassafras Salt Terra Lemnia Gummes and other profitable Drugges I shall not neede speake nor of their Silke-grasse naturally growing besides a kind of Hempe or Flaxe yeelding most excellent Cordage Pot-ashes Sope-ashes Pitch and Tarre haue beene the employment of Polacres sent thither In foure yeeres space before the Massacre the Iron Oare of Virginia being found very good and very plentifull aboue fiue thousand pounds were spent and one hundred and fiftie persons sent for that imployment which being brought in manner to perfection was interrupted by that fatall accident since which the restituion is with all possible diligence as it is said ordered and furthered There haue beene also sent skilfull men from Germany for setting vp of Saw-mils Virginia yeelding to no place in the knowne World for Timbers of all sorts commodious for strength pleasant for sweetnesse specious for colours spacious for largenesse vsefull for Land and Sea for housing and shipping in which Timber vses England and Holland alone are said to disburse about 300000. pounds sterling yeerely And the defects at home where the Hearth hath climbed into the Roofe where back-fewell hath deuoured our buildings in the Woods and bellyfewell hath deuoured the Woods and conuerted them to arable where so many ships are employed for prouisions of and for shipping Virginia by diuine bountie is Magnae spes altera Britanniae Herein we may verifie the old Prouerbe That he which liueth longest shall fetch his wood furthest but so as he shall be paid for the fetching with great aduantage And if an Iland needs woodden Wals to secure it against others to enrich it from others Virginia offers her seruice herein and will looke so much more cheerefully on you how much more you shall disburthen her in this kind yea as England hath wooed and visited Virginia so herein Virginia will be glad and reioyce to visit England in her there-built ships and to dwell here with vs in thence-brought Timbers and esteeme her selfe aduanced to adorne our Towres and take view of our Pomps and Spectacles And touching shipping and the materials thereof Timbers Pitch Tarre Cordage Sayles Anchors c. necessitie of the times exacteth in our defects at home for securitie from enemies abroad employment of Mariners Merchants and our numerous multitudes offending our Offenders defending our Allies that I adde not the Riches of the World and glory of Exploits all which depend on Nauigation
and great riches confessed that they had taken three Portugall prizes The Spaniards at first receiued them on good conditions but some villaines seeing their wealth murthered them for which this Auditor had sentenced Roderigo de Fuentes with others as his Letter to the King of Spaine importeth Now had there then beene a Virginian or Bermudan Plantation how easily might they haue attained thither the Boat at least and escaped that butchery I could hither adde instructions from the English Indian Ships 1604. and 1608. from Captaine Fenton 1582. from the Earle of Cumberlands Voyages before related in the yeares 86. 89. 91. 93. 96. 97. and from Master Candish Master Dauis and others But we haue made too long a Virginian Voyage hauing no better freight then Arguments which the Times doe now promise if not worthy wise mens approbation yet good mens indulgence where in a weake body and manifold weighty imployments the willingnesse of a heart truely English sincerely Christian may seeme tolerable if not commendable pardonable if not plausible Another labour remaines to set downe rules and proiects of best fecibility and accomplishing this noble worke but I am onely a Freeman no Councellour of that Plantation and haue neither Lands there nor other aduenture therein but this of my loue and credit which with the allegiance to my Soueraigne and desire of the publike good of this Kingdome is more to me then all the treasures of America I seeke the good and not the goods of England and Virginia I follow the hand of God which haue giuen England so many rights in Virginia right naturall right nationall right by first discouery by accepted trade by possession surrendred voluntarily continued constantly right by gift by birth by bargaine and sale by cession by forfeiture in that late damnable trechery and massacre and the fatal possession taken by so many murthered English Gods bounty before his iustice now hath giuen vs Virginia that we should so in iudgement remember mercy as to giue Virginia againe to God in Christian acknowledgement of his goodnesse and mercy of his word and workes and in our owne more serious conuersion to prepare that of Virginia God goeth before vs in making this designe honorable to Religion to Humanity to our Ancestors to our King to our Kingdome God goeth before vs and hath giuen Virginia so rich a portion to allure and assure our loues in multiplying our people and thereby our necessities enforcing a vent in endowing Virginia with so large a iointure so temperate so commodious for the climate compared with other Countries beyond other Countries in her own diuersified Lands Seas Riuers in so fertile a soyle in so strong sweete stately delicate Woods and Timbers in her naturall hopes of Wines of Silkes of the bodies of Natiues seruile and seruiceable in Drugges Irons and probability also of other Mines in all materials for Shipping and other buildings God goeth before vs in offering that meane to saue that which wee seeke and spend in other perhaps enemies Countries to breede vp Marriners to train vp Souldiers to exercise labourers by transportation of English and Europaean creatures to plant another England in America enriched with the best things of Europe to giue vs Fish Tobacco and other present improuements as earnest of future better hopes and that in these times which haue so manifold necessities thereof in regard of monies men and trades decayed in regard of neighbour plantations in the probabilities of a South-Sea glory and in the case of obtruded warre obtruding on vs absolute necessity and including and concluding euery way so manifold vse God the Father Sonne and holy Ghost which goe before vs in these things if not in miraculous fire and cloudy pillars as when Israel went to Canaan yet in the light of reason and right consequence of arguments come into vs and fillvs with the spirit of wisedome and vnderstanding the spirit of counsell and of fortitude the spirit of knowledge and the feare of the Lord I may adde the spirit of vnity and counsell that he may vouchsafe to goe with vs and we with him and after him to Uirginia Amen O Amen Be thou the Alpha and Omega of Englands Plantation in Virginia O GOD. The end of the ninth Booke ENGLISH DISCOVERIES AND PLANTATIONS IN NEW ENGLAND AND NEW-FOVND-LAND WITH THE PATENT AND VOYAGES TO NEW-SCOTLAND Relations also of the Fleets set forth by Queene Elizabeth against the Spaniards THE TENTH BOOKE CHAP. I. A briefe Relation of the Discouerie and Plantation of New-England and of sundry Accidents therein occurring from the yeere of our Lord 1607. to this present 1622. Published by the President and Councell and dedicated to the Princes Highnesse here abbreuiated WHen this Designe was first attempted some of the present Company were therein chiefly interessed who being carefull to haue the same accomplished did send to the discouery of those Northern parts a braue Gentleman Cap. Henry Challons with two of the Natiues of that Territorie the one called Maneday the other Assecomet But his misfortunes did expose him to the power of certaine strangers enemies to his proceedings so that by them his Company were seized the ships and goods confiscated and that Voyage wholly ouerthrowne This losse and vnfortunate beginning did much abate the rising courage of the first Aduenturers but immediately vpon his departure it pleased the Noble Lord Chiefe Iustice Sir Iohn Popham Knight to send out another shippe wherein Captayne Thomas Hanam went Commander and Martine Prinne of Bristow Master with all necessary supplyes for the seconding of Captayne Challons and his people who arriuing at the place appointed and not finding that Captayne there after they had made some Discouerie and found the Coasts Hauens and Harbours answerable to our desires they returned Vpon whose Relation the Lord Chiefe Iustice and we all waxed so confident of the businesse that the yeere following euery man of any worth formerly interessed in it was willing to ioyne in the charge for the sending ouer a competent number of people to lay the ground of a hopefull Plantation Hereupon Captaine Popham Captaine Rawley Gilbert and others were sent away with two ships and an hundred Landmen Ordnance and other prouisions necessary for their sustentation and defence vntill other supply might be sent In the meane-while before they could returne it pleased God to take vs from this worthy member the Lord Chiefe Iustice whose sudden death did so astonish the hearts of the most part of the Aduenturers as some grew cold and some did wholly abandon the businesse Yet Sir Francis Popham his Sonne certaine of his priuate friends and other of vs omitted not the next yeere holding on our first resolution to ioyne in sending forth a new supply which was accordingly performed But the ships arriuing there did not only bring vncomfortable newes of the death of the Lord Chiefe Iustice together with the death of Sir Iohn Gilbert the elder
Capawuck where Epenew should haue fraughted them with Gold Ore that his fault could be no cause of their bad successe howeuer it is alledged for an excuse I speake not this out of vain glory as it may be some gleaners or some was neuer there may censure mee but to let all men be assured by those examples what those Sauages are that thus strangely doe murder and betray our Coâ—ntrie men But to the purpose What is already writ of the healthfulnesse of the ayre the richnesse of the soyle the goodnesse of the Woods the abundance of Fruits Fish and Fowle in their season they still affirme that haue beene there now neer two yeeres and at one draught they haue taken one thousand Basses and in one night twelue hogsheads of Herring They are building a strong Fort they hope shortly to finish in the interim they are well prouided their number is about a hundred persons all in health and well neere sixtie Acres of ground well planted with Corne besides their Gardens well replenished with vsefull fruits and if their Aduenturers would but furnish them with necessaries for fishing their wants would quickly bee supplied To supply them this sixteenth of October is going the Paragon with sixtie seuen persons and all this is done by priuate mens purses And to conclude in their owne words should they write of all plenties they haue found they thinke they should not be beleeued For the twentie sixe sayle of Ships the most I can yet vnderstand is M. Ambrose Iennens of London and Master Abraham Iennens of Plimmoth sent their Abraham a Ship of two hundred and twentie Tuns and the Nightingale of Porchmouth of a hundred whose Fish at the first penie came to 3150 pounds in all they were fiue and thirty saile and wherein New found Land they shared sixe or seuen pounds for a common man in New England they shared foureteene pounds besides six Dutch and French Ships made wonderfull returnes in Furres Thus you may see plainely the yearely successe from New England by Virginia which hath bin so costly to this Kingdome and so deare to me which either to see perish or but bleede pardon me though it passionate me beyond the bounds of modesty to haue bin sufficiently able to foresee it and had neither power nor meanes how to preuent it By that acquaintance I haue with them I may call them my children for they haue bin my Wife my Hawkes my Hounds my Cards my Dice and in totall my best content as indifferent to my heart as my left hand to my right and notwithstanding all those miracles of disasters haue crossed both them and me yet were there not one Englishman remaining as God be thanked there is some thousands I would yet begin againe with as small meanes as I did at the first not for that I haue any secret encouragement from any I protest more then lamentable experiences for all their Discoueries I can yet heare of are but Pigs of my owne Sowe nor more strange to me then to heare one tell mee he hath gone from Billings gate and discouered Greenwich Grauesend Tilberry Quinborow Lee and Margit which to those did neuer heare of them though they dwell in England might be made seeme some rare secrets and great Countries vnknowne except the Relation of Master Dirmer But to returne It is certaine from Cannada and New England within these sixe yeares hath come neere 20000. Beuer Skins Now had each of those Ships transported but some small quantitie of the most increasing Beasts Fowles Fruites Plants and Seedes as I proiected by this time their increase might haue bin sufficient for a thousand men But the desire of present gaine in many is so violent and the endeuours of many vndertakers so negligent euery one so regarding their priuate gaine that it is hard to effect any publicke good and impossible to bring them into a body rule or order vnlesse both authority and money assist experiences It is not a worke for euery one to plant a Colony but when a House is built it is no hard matter to dwell in it This requireth all the best parts of art iudgement courage honesty constancy diligence and experience to doe but neere well your home-bred ingrossing proiectors shall finde there a great difference betwixt saying and doing But to conclude the Fishing will goe forward if you plant it or no whereby a Colonie may be transported with no great charge that in a short time might prouide such fraughts to buy of vs there dwelling as I would hope no Ship should goe or come empty from New England The charge of this is onely Salt Nets Hookes Lines Kniues Irish Rugs course Cloath Beades Glasse and such like trash onely for fishing and trade with the Sauages beside our owne necessary prouisions whose endeuours will quickly defray all this charge and the Sauages haue intreated me to inhabite where I will Now all these Ships till this last yeare haue bin fished within a square of two or three leagues and not one of them all would aduenture any further where questionlesse fiue hundred saile may haue their fraught better then in Island New found Land or elsewhere and be in their markets before the other can haue their fish in their Ships because New Englands fishing begins with February the other not till mid May the progression hereof tends much to the aduancement of Virginia and the Bermudas whose emptie Ships may take in their fraught there and would be a good friend in time of neede to the Inhabitants of New found Land c. CHAP. IIII. A Relation or Iournall of a Plantation setled at Plimoth in New England and proceedings thereof Printed 1622. and here abbreuiated WEdnesday the sixt of September the Winde comming East North-east a fine small gale we loosed from Plimoth hauing bin kindely entertained and curteously vsed by diuers friends there dwelling and after many difficulties in boisterous stormes at length by Gods prouidence vpon the ninth of Nouember following by breake of the day we espied Land which we deemed to be Cape Cod and so afterward it proued Vpon the eleuenth of Nouember we came to an anchor in the Bay which is a good harbour and pleasant Bay circled round except in the entrance which is about foure miles ouer from land to land compassed about to the verie Sea with Oakes Pines Iuniper Saffafras and other sweete Wood it is a harbour wherein 1000. saile of Ships may safely ride there wee relieued our selues with Wood and Water and refreshed our people while our Shallop was fitted to coast the Bay to search for an habitation there was the greatest store of Fowle that euer we saw And euerie day we saw Whales playing hard by vs of which in that place if wee had instruments and meanes to take them we might haue made a verie rich returne which to our great griefe we wanted Our Master and his Mate and others experienced in fishing professed wee might haue
reasonable weather both to anchor in and from thence to saile towards either the East West or South It hath three Armes or Riuers long and large enough for many hundred fayle of Ships to moare fast at Anchor neere asmile from the Harbours mouest close adioyning to the Riuers side and within the Harbour is much open land well stored with Grasse suffcient Winter and Summer to maintaine great store of ordinary Cattell besides Hogges and Geats if such beasts were carried thither and it standeth North most of any Harbour in the Land where our Nation practiseth Fishing It is neere vnto a great Bay lying on the North side of it called the Bay of Flowers to which place no Ships repaire to fish partly in regard of sundry Rockes and Ledges lying euen with the water and full of danger but â—niefly as I coniecture because the Sauage people of that Countrey doe there inhabite many of then secretly euery yeere come into Trinitie Bay and Harbour in the night time purposely to steale Sailes Lines Hatchets Hookes Kniues and such like And this Bay is not three English miles ouer Land from Trinitie Bay in many places which people if they might bee reduced to the knowledge of the true Trinitie indeed no doubt but it would bee a most sweâ—â— and acceptable sacrifice to God an euerlasting honour to your Maiesty and the heauenliest blessing to those poore Creatures who are buried in their own superstious ignorance The taske thereof would proue easie if it were but well begun and constantly seconded by industrious spirits and no doubt but God himselfe would set his hand to reare vp and aduance so noble so pious and so Christian a building The bottome of the Bay of Trinity lieth within foure leagues through the land South-west Southerly from Trinity as by experience is found and it comes neere vnto the Bay of Trepassey and the bottome of some other Bayes as I haue alreadie touched before Trepassey in like manner is as commodious a Harbour lying in a more temperate climate almost in 46. degrees the like latitude and is both faire and pleasant and a wholesome Coast free from Rockes and Shelues so that of all other Harbours it lies the South-most of any Harbour in the Land and most conueniently to receiue our Shipping to and from Uirginia and the Bermuda Ilands and also any other Shipping that shall passe to and from the Riuer of Canady and the Coast thereof because they vsually passe and returne in the sight of the Land of Trepasse and also for some other purposes as shall be partly declared in the following discourse The soile of this Countrie in the Vallies and sides of the Mountaines is so fruitfull as that in diuers places there the Summer naturally produceth out of the fruitfull wombe of the earth without the labour of mans hand great plentie of greene Pease and Fitches faire round full and wholesome as our Fitches are in England of which I haue there fed on many times the hawmes of them are good fodder for Cattell and other Beasts in the winter with the helpe of Hay of which there may be made great store with little labour in diuers places of the Countrie Then haue you there faire Strawberries red and white and as faire Raspasse berrie and Gooseberries as there be in England as also multitudes of Bilberries which are called by some Whortes and many other delicate Berries which I cannot name in great abundance There are also many other fruites as small Peares sowre Cherries Filberds c. And of these Berries and Fruits the store is there so great that the Marriners of my Ship and Barkes Companie haue often gathered at once more then halfe an Hogshead would hold of which diuers times eating their fill I neuer heard of any man whose health was thereby any way impaired There are also Herbes for Sallets and Broth as Parslie Alexander Sorrell c. And also Flowers as the red and white Damaske Rose with other kindes which are most beautifull and delightfull both to the sight and smell And questionlesse the Countrie is stored with many Physicall herbs and roots albeit their vertues are not knowne because not sought after yet within these few yeeres many of our Nation finding themselues ill haue bruised some of the herbs and streined some of the iuice into Beere Wine or Aquauite and so by Gods assistance after a few drinkings it hath restored them to their former health The like vertue it hath to cure a wound or any swelling either by washing the grieued places with some of the herbes boiled or by applying them so thereunto plaister-wise which I haue seene by often experience This being the naturall fruitfulnesse of the earth producing such varietie of things fit for foode without the labour of man I might in reason hence inferre that if the same were manured and husbanded in some places as our grounds are it would be apt to beare Corne and no lesse fertill then the English soile But I neede not confine my selfe to probabilities seeing our men that haue wintred there diuers yeeres did for a triall and experiment thereof sowe some small quantitie of Corne which I saw growing verie faire and they found the increase to be great and the graine very good and it is well knowne to me and diuers that trade there yeerely how that Cabbage Carrets Turneps Lettice and such like proue well there In diuers parts of the Countrie there is great store of Deere some Hares manie Foxes Squirrels Beuers Wolues and Beares with other sorts of Beasts seruing as well for necessitie as for profit and delight Neither let me seeme ridiculous to annex a matter of noueltie rather then weight to this discourse In the yeere 1615. it was well knowne to eight and fortie persons of my Companie and diuers other men that three seuerall times the Wolues Beasts of the Countrie came downe neere them to the Sea-side where they were labouring about their Fish howling and making a noise so that at each time my Mastiffe Dogge went vnto them as the like in that Countrie hath not been seene the one began to fawne and play with the other and so went together into the Woods and continued with them euerie of these times nine or ten daies and did returne vnto vs without any hurt The Land Fowle besides great number of small Birds flying vp and downe some without name that liue by scraping their food from the earth in the hardest winter that is there are also Hawkes great and small Partridges Thrush and Thrussels abundance very fat As also Filladies Nightingales and such like that sing most pleasantly There are also Birds that liue by prey as Rauens Gripes Crowes c. For Water-fowle there is certainly so good and as much varietie as in any part of the world as Geese Dâ—cks Pidgeons Gulls Penguins and many other sorts These Penguins are as bigge
Wine doe long for it as a daintie that their purses could neuer reach toâ—n England and hauing it there without money euen in their houses where they lie and hold their guard can be kept from being drunke and once drunke held in any order or tune except we had for euery drunkard an Officer to attend him But who bee they that haue run into these disorders Euen our newest men our youngest men and our idlest men and for the most part our slouenly prest men whom the Iustices who haue alwayes thought vnworthily of any warre haue sent out as the scum and dregs of the Countrey And those were they who distempering themselues with their hot Wines haue brought in that sicknesse which hath infected honester men then themselues But I hope as in other places the recouery of the disease doth acquaint their bodies with the ayre of the Countrey where they be so the remainder of these which haue either recouered or past without sicknesse will proue most fit for Martiall seruices If we haue wanted Surgeons may not this rather be laid vpon the Captaines who are to prouide for their seuerall Companies then vpon the Generalls whose care hath been more generall And how may it be thought that euery Captaine vpon whom most of the charges of raising their Companies was laid as an aduenture could prouide themselues of all things expedient for a war which was alwayes wont to be maintained by the purse of the Prince But admit euery Captain had his Surgeon yet were the want of curing neuerthelesse for our English Surgeons for the most part bee vnexperienced in hurts that come by shot because England hath not knowne warres but of late from whose ignorance proceeded this discomfort which I hope will warne those that hereafter goe to the warres to make preparation of such as may better preserue mens liues by their skill From whence the want of carriages did proceed you may coniecture in that wee marched through a Country neither plentifull of such prouisions nor willing to part from any thing yet this I can assure you that no man of worth was left either hurt or sicke in any place vnprouided for And that the Generall commanded all the Mules and Asses that were laden wiâ—â— any baggage to be vnburdened and taken to that vse and the Earle of Essex and he for mony hired men to carry men vpon Pikâ—â— And the Earle whose true vertue and nobilitie as it doth in all other his actions appeare so did it very much in this threw downe his owne stuffe I meane apparell and necessities which hee had there from his owne carriages and let them be left by the way to put hurt and sicke men vpon them And the great complaint that these men make for want of victualls may well proceed from their not knowing the wants of warre for if to feed vpon good Beeues Muttons and Goates be to want they haue endured great scarcitie at Land whereunto they neuer wanted two dayes together wine to mixe with their water nor bread to eat with theâ— meat in some quantitie except it were such as had vowed rather to starue then to 〈◊〉 out of their places for food of whom we haue too many After six dayes sayling from the Coast of England and the fifth after we had the wind good being the twentieth of Aprill in the euening we landed in a bay more thâ—â— an English mile from the Groine in our long Boats and Pinnaces without any impeachmentâ— from whence we presently marched toward the Towne within one halfe mile wee were encountred by the enemy who being charged by ours retired into their gates For that night our Armie lay in the Villages Hoâ—ses and Mils next adioyning and very neere round about the Towne into the which the Galeon named S. Iohn which was the second of the last yeeres 〈◊〉 against England one Huâ—ke two smaller Ships and two Gallies which were found in the Road did beat vpon vs and vpon our Companies as they passed too and fro that night and the next morning Generall Norris hauing that morning before day viewed the Towne found the same defended on the Lâ—nd side for it standeth vpon the necke of an Iland with a wall vpon a dry Ditch whereupon hee resolued to try in two plâ—ces what might be done against it by Escâ—lade and in the meane time aduised for the landing of some Artillerie to be vpon the Ships and Gallies that they might not annoy vs which being but in execution vpon the planting of the first Peece the Gallies abandoned the Road and betooke them to Feroll not farre from therice and the Armada being beaten with the Artillery and Musketers that were placed vpon the next shoare left her playing vpon vs. The rest of the day was spent in preparing the Companies and other prouisions readie for the surprise of the baâ—e Towne which was effected in this sort There were appointed to bee landed 1200. men vnder the conduct of Colonell Huntley and Captaine Fenner the Vice-Admirall on that side next â—â—onting vs by water in long Boates and Pinnaces wherein were placed many Peeces of Artillery to beat vpon the Towne in their approach at the corner of the wall which defended the other water side were appointed Captain Richard Wing field Lieutenant Colonell to Generall Norris and Captaine Sampson Lieutenant Colonell to Generall Drake to enter at low water with fiue hundred men if they found it passable but if not to betake them to the Esâ—alade for they had also Ladders with them â—â—t the other corner of the wall which ioyned to that side that was attempted by water were appointed Colonell Umpton and Colonell Bret with three hundred men to enter by Escalade All the Companies which should enter by Boat being imbarked before the low water and hauing giuen the alarme Captaine Wingfield and Captaine Sampson betooke them to the Escalade for they had in commandement to charge all at one instant The Boats landed without any great difficultie yet had they some men hurt in landing Colonell Bret and Colonell Vmpton entred their quarter without encounter not finding any defence made against them for Captaine Hinder being one of them that entred by water at his first entry with some of his owne companie whom hee trusted well betooke himselfe to that part of the wall which hee cleered before that they offered to enter and so scoured the wall till he came on the backe of them who maintained the fight against Captaine Wingfield and Captaine Sampson who were twice beaten from their Ladders and found very good resistance till the enemies perceiuing ours entred in two places at their backes were driuen to abandon the same The reason why that place was longer defended then the other is as Don Iuan de Luna who commanded the same affirmeth that the enemie that day had resolued in counsell how to make their defences if they were approached and therein concluded that if wee attempted it by
bee seene thirty leagues into the Sea 1434 Moyemon a large towne in the River Marwin 1283 Muccambro an Iland and Mountaine in Guiana 1272 Mumpara a plaine abounding with graines of gold 1284 Murther how punished in Guiana 1272. In Brasile 1342 Murther punished by the Indians with present death 1870 Muskitoes their venemous stinging 1556 Muso a towne in new Granada the exceeding benefit thereof to the King of Spaine 1420 Muske of a Crocodiles Cod 1228 Muske-Snake a sweet smelling Serpent of Brasile 130â— Mutinie like to receiue its deserved reward 1201 Mutinie the ouerthrow of a voyage 1260 Mutiny among the Spaniards 1436 Among the French in Florida 1603. Among the English in Virginia 1729 1730. In the Bermudas 1743 Mutinga aboundeth with Myues 1203 Mutton-Port 1620 N. NAguatex a towne in Florida 1553 Namaschet a towne vnder Massasoyt 1851. The Namaschets courteous entertainment of the English ibid. Names encreased according to the number of persons slaughtered among the Indians 1226 Names altered amongst the Indians according to their acts and disposition 1869. Names of certaine Englishmen assistants in the Plantation of the New-found-land 1888 Names of the English Knights fighting at the siege of Cadiz 1933. Names of the Captaines and chiefe officers in the Voyage to Azores 1939 Nansamund a River in Virginia 1692 Nanohiggansets threaten the English 1853. Their great superstition in doing sacrifice to their god Habbamoqui 1868 Naruaez his voyage ariuall at Dominica Saint Iago The Trinitie his shipwracke there his comming to the land of Marles 1500 1501 1499. His taking possession of a towne in Florida for the King of Spaine 1501. His ariuall at Apalachen and entertainment there his surprisall by other Indians his comming to Ante 1502 1503. His distressed successe 1504. And losse of men by the Indians ibid. His misery by thirst 1505. His companies extreame weaknesse 1509. With insufferable famine and mortalitie 1508 Napetuca a towne in Florida 1533 Naragooc a towne in Mawooshen 1875 Nations that are barbarous licenced by the Popes Bull to be subdued by violence 1602 Nauarre ouerthroweth the forces of the French King at the battell of Courtras 1942 Nauy of Queene Elizabeth sent to the Azores 1939 Navigation the advancement of Nations 1820 Nauigators instrâ—â—tions 1368 1373 Nausets a company of the Savages in New-England a hundred strong 1849 Nebamocago a towne bordering on the River Aponeg in Mawooshen 1874 Negligence like to endanger the losse of a great prize 1145 The Portingals for the West Negro's rebelling against the Spaniards 1434 Neguiwo an I le neere the River Sagodohoc in Mawooshen 1874 Nepios certaine inhabitants of Trinidad 1247 Niewoc an Ile in Mawooshen 1874 Neredoshan a towne on the River Aponeg 1874 Nets made to carie travelling strangers from towne to towne in Brasile 1242 New-France a great part of it thought to be sandie ground as far as Virginia 1634 1635. New-Frances commodities presented the King of France 1641. The inhabitants when first christened 1644 New-France inhabited by the Frenchmen because they hope to get a passage thence to China 1642 1644. The manner of trading in New-France 1626 New-Frances diseases how they may be escaped 1624 1625. New France the bounds thereof 1603. The probabilities of gold Mines there 1621. Diamonds Turkie stones there 1621. Grapes Fish and Cedars 1622 New-Mexico the towns thereof and building the inhabitants and their worshipping the Deuill 1561 Capt Newports voyage to Virginia and returne for England 1186 1705 1706. His supposed preiudice to the English plantation there 1717. His opposing Capt. Smith ibid. His proceeding to discouer Monacan in Virginia and successe 1778 New-England the New-found-land discouered and implanted by the English 1827. The climat very temperate agreeable to the bodies of the English making them liue longer then in other countreys the soyle fertile variety of nourishing hearbs and roots the coast full of commodious harbours and havens many Iles fit for plantation wood of all sorts in abundance 1831. The people haue our English Nation in good estimation and are tractable in trading the Sea is stored with all kind of Fish diuersity of wild foule Doues in great aboundance in time of Strawberries abundance of rich Furs 1831 1832. Great shews of Amber-greece and Pearle store of Whales in the Sea thereabout ibid. New-England described 1870. English corne and cattle prosper there 1878 New-found-land described the fertility of the soyle the temperature of the aire conueniencie of the Baies the inhabitants their nature and customes 1885. Herbs and flowers pleasant and medicinable great increase of corne store of Deere and other beasts great store of land and water-foule 1885. Store of trees fit to build with 1886. Great probabilitie of Mynes and fish in great abundance ibid. New-Plimmouth abounding with divers commodities of great worth and very necessary for mans sustenance Timber of all sorts diuers Mines of vnknowne worth store of fish Beauers and others 1840 Nicaragua Province 1446 1576 Saint Nicholas Bay 1146 Nicholas Sanders his slanders against Q. Elizabeth Hee obtaineth to be the Popes Nuncio entereth Ireland winneth Desmon runneth mad and dyeth miserably 1893 Nicorago a River 1185 Nilco a Province or territory in Florida one of the richest in all that country the townes inhabitants and commodities thereof 155â— Noblemen imployed in the voyage to the Azores 1939 Noble Personages voluntaries in 88. vnder the King of Spaines banner 1901 Nondacao a province in Florida wel inhabited the commodities thereof 1553 Norrack a Province neere the River Arwi in Guiana 1271 Gen. Norris his materiall education Generall of all the English Forcesâ— Martiall in the field vnder Conte Hohenlo Martiall of the field in England Generall of the Army in Frisland Lord President of Munster in Ireland 1916. Winneth great honour fame by his wel ordered retrait in the service before Gaunt 1962. His death 1968 Mr Norwoods relation of the Bermudas and the English plantation there 1797. seq Noert a famous Navigator among the Dutch 1191 Norumbega River and the fabulous narrations thereof 1625 Nose lost in cold weather 1â—05 Noua Galitia 1526 Noua Scotia a prosperous plantation by the dexterity of Sir Samuel Argall 1828. Noua Scotia a plantation in America 1871. Abundance of Strawberries and all kind of wild foule and very pleasant countrey 1873 Nunnez his relation of the Fleet which Pamphilo Naruaez was gouernour of in India 1499. seq His shipwracke 1500. His disastrous fortune by famine sicknesse labour and nakednesse amâ—ng the Indians 1509 1510. His comming after divers perils to the Indians-Auauarez 1514. His mishaps there and dangerous escaping of burning 1515. His curing the sicke by prayer and raising one from the dead 1516. His comming to the Harbudaos and the hungry shifts hee made there 1517 1518. His repute among the Savages their feare and admiration of him 1521 1522 1323. His travell to the South Sea and occurrents 1524 c. His meeting with his country-men 1526. His ariuall at Compostella and Mexico 1528
Nunno de Guzmans his expeditions 1556. seq His taking possession for the King of Spaine in the River of Purification his erecting crosses killing and converting Indians burning hereticks 1556 1557. Travels and discoveries of divers Provinces bickerings with Indians comming neere the South Sea and purpose touching the Amazons 1558 1559 Nutmeg-trees 1309 Nuts in the ground 1650 O. OAres of what fashion among the West-Indians 1158. Oares of the Indians of the New-found-land 1880 Oaths and Blasphemie against God and our Lady forbidden in the Spanish Armado 1902. Oâ—ths how punished among the English in Virginia 1719 Ocagna a place in America where is abundance of gold 1419 Ocawita a pretty bigge Iland in Orenoque 1248 Ochete towne 1534 Ochus a Floridan Province 15â—5 Ocoa a towne in Hipaniola 1186 1418 Ocute a towne in Florida 1556 Oecope a high mountaine 1â—48 Offrings amongst the Indians to the Diuell by the intercession of their Priest Powah 1868 Olmoleigh River 1254 Olynda a towne in Brasile 1238 Olypho a mount in the Indies 1253 Omitlan a Province of the greater Spaine in America the description of the countrey soyle and noisome serpents the discoverie and taking possession thereof by the Spaniards 1559 Opechankanow a great King amongst the Indians taken by an Englishman in the midst of his armie 1841. And in his own house 1723 172â— His plots and perfidie against Captaine Smith hansomely repelled ibid. Opâ—ortunities neglected 1196 Oraddo a moâ—ntaine plentifull for gold 1284 Oranges their soveraigne vertue 1378. Good against the scuruie 1763 Order observed in the Spanish Fleet 1â—05 Ordnances best for Ships whether long or short pieces 1403 Orenâ—que a Riuer in Americâ— described 1156 1247 1248 1249 seq Organs a place in the West-Indies abounding with gold mines 1222 1242 Orillano a Spanish Captaine his discoveries 1415 Oâ—ange a strange kinde of disease 1671 Ostriches as tall as a man 1189 Ouercharging pieces of Ordnance and other pieces how preiudiciall 1397 1398 Ouigondi a towne of Savages in the Northerne America 1638 Oxenhams voyage to the West-Indies his attempts and travels to the South Sea his prizâ—s and misfortune 1180 1414 Oxen woolled like sheere in Florida 1550 Oxen Bunch-back'd and very strangâ— descriâ—ed which are meat drinke 〈◊〉 houses fire vessels 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 mâ—â—sters whole substance 1561 Oxâ—◠〈◊〉 by their name in in T 〈…〉 like men 1â—69 1670 Oxefi 〈…〉 1313 1314 Oyste 〈…〉 g 〈…〉 t and havâ—nâ— Pearlâ—s in thâ—m 131â— Oysteâ—s the 〈◊〉 sustenance of om 〈…〉 I 〈…〉 〈◊〉 for a quarter of a yeâ—râ— together 1â—09 P. PA 〈…〉 〈◊〉 E 〈…〉 of 〈◊〉 his Acts Temple 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1471 1472 Pacaba Province 1549 Pafallaya Province 1644 Paâ—embos or Piembos an Indian Savage Nation 1â—53 Palisema Province 1â—49 Palma one of the Canary Ilands 1833 Palmeto tree and the fruit thereof described 1173 1375 Palmes excellent to cure the Haemeroides 1332 Pamauâ—ke River 1692 Panaçe yuawe apacone a greâ—t Mountaine so called 1â—13 Panama the situation descriâ—tioâ— â—nd riches thereof 1180 1418 1444 Panâ—co a Province dispeopled by the Spaniards 1580 Panaguiri Indians â—f Bâ—aâ—lle 1â—00 Panobscot a towne vpon the River Ramassoc 1874 Paoo River 1248 Paps which certaine people haue reaâ—hiâ—â— vnder their wast and neere to thâ—ir knees 1299 Papayes a kinâ—e of fruit like an Apple of a waterish taste good against the Fluxe 1172 Papemena River 1248 Parabol River 1351 Paracuona River 1213 Paratee Port 1212 Paraeyua River 1209 1211 1213 1237 1242. Paramaree a towne in the River Marwin 1283 Paranapiacano a Mountaine full of Snakes and wilde beasts 1210 1212 Parker viz. Capt. William Parker his voyage and taking of Saint Vincent and Puerto Bello 1243 1244 1245 Parrats Parochettoes wonderfull plentifull 1172 1264 1304 1305 1372. A strange relation of a Parrat in America 1329 Parâ—y his treason against Queene Elizabeth in what manner reuealed 1893 Partridges as bigge as Geese 1329 Pasini a towne in the River Marwin 1283 Passaos Cape 1400 Patogones people of great stature like Giants 138â— Patoâ—a Prouince described 1536 Patawomeck a River sixe or seven miles in breadth and nauigable an hundred and forty miles 1693 Patent of the French King to Monseur de Monts for the inhabiting of the Countreys of La Cadia Canada and other places in New-France 1619 1620. New Patents thought on concerning the plaÌ„tation of New-England 1830 A patent for the plaÌ„tation of New-found-land An. 1610 1876 Patents granted by his Maiesty of England for Virginia's plantation 1683 1684 1787 1777 Pat xet a border of New-England inâ—abited by the English 1849 Painting much vsed by the Indians 1229 1358 Payen River 1285 Payta Iland how situate 1400 446 Peace Musicall signes thereof amongst the Indians 1533 Pearles plentifull 1419 1560 1661 1843. Pearle-fishing performed with incredible torture of the Indians 1586. Pearles of wonderfull bignesse 1411. The best Pearles where found and how knowne ibid. Pearles found in Muscles and Oysters 1205 1235 1315 1316 Pease which are venemous 1206 Pedro Sermiento a towne in the Straits of Magellane 1416 Pedro Ordonnes de Ceuallos a Spanish Priest his observations concerning the West-Indies 1420 1421. seq Peionas a Savage Nation 1363 Pemaquid River 1874 Pemptegoet 1625 Penguin Iland the situation and description thereof 1187 1191 1384 1385 Penguins described and how taken 1385 Pentecost Harbour 1660 People of the Kine certaine Indians so called their admirable proportion agilitie beauty behauiour c. 1523 People of Harts other Indians so called 1524 1525 Pepper hotter and stronger then the blacke Pepper vsed with vs 1173 Peritoqua a River that goeth to Saint Vincent Iland in Brasile 1241 Pert viz. Sir Thomas Pert his American travels 1177. seq Peru language and letters 1454 The originall lines conquests lawes and Idolatries of the ancient Kings of Peru. 1454 1455. seq The first voyage to Peru 1455. Names and traditions of Peru ibid. The wrongs which the inhabitants of Peru haue sustained by Spanish cruelty 1590. Spanish forces forts and townes in Peru 1418 1419. The discouery commodities and Provinces of Peru 1419 1443 1444 1445. Neuer any raine in some parts of Peru and the cause thereof 1444 The admired plenty of gold in Peru 1490. Peruan expeditions by the Spaniards and their successe in such enterprises 1450 1451. The Peruans their opinion of God and reverence in the very naming of him 1450 Petiuares or Petiwares certaine Savages in the Indies their nature stature region religion superstition diet rites of childbirth c. 1225 1226. Their man-eating butchering Captiues and the manner thereof 1226. Their language and how to trade safely with them 1237 Petutan River 1525 Philippina Ilands discouered 1446 Philiâ— and Iacob towne 1563 Physicke hath the same operation in England and vnder the Lâ—ne 1157. Indian Physitians their esteeme and manner of curing 1509 Piache towne and River 1542 Pianita towne 1211 Pico one of the Ilands of the Azores the description and commodities thereof 1672 1638. The high hill of Pico which is more then
Saâ—ages 1299 Tuquema a Prouince subiect to Peru its seuerall townes of gouernment 1419 Turkes taken by the Spaniards and made Gally-slaues rescued by the English and set at liberty 1933 Turky-stenes in New France 1621 1622 Turneps a remedy against the scurâ—ie 1880 Master Turners relation of Brasile c 1243 Turners relation voyage successe at large 1265 1266 Turtles innumerable 1306 Tutelpinco a forsaken towne in Florida left by the inhabitants and destitute of prouision 1551 Tygers worshipped 1457 V. VAcupa a Prouince in America 1560 Vahuar huacac an Emperour in Peru his acts and conquest hee wept blood at his natiuity 1457 1458 Valenzuola a golden place in America 1419 Valpariso a plaâ—e in the south Sea 1416 Valuation of the voyages of fishing Boats to the coast of New found Land 1886 Varaua a fish in Brasile as big as an Oxe 1239 Vaytacasses a kinde of Sauages 1219 Vbra Riuer 1248 Vcita a towne in Florida its description and commodities 1530 Vela Pampilona an American place 1419 A Venetian ship taken by the English 1906 Venter-hauen a place in the west parts of Ireland 1144 Veragua a towne in the West Indies plenteous of gold 1419. it neuer raines there an vnhealthy country 1433 Vâ—â—u Cruz a new towne 1418 Verginia its hopefull commodities the inhabitants idolatry and worship of the Sunne their othes and fidelity thereupon 1690. 〈…〉 their customes 1690. plantation there and mortality accompanied with famine 1689. 1690. Virginias bounds temperature winds entrance mountaines soile 1691. vallies and 5 faire delicate nauigable Riuers neere the English Plantation 1692. its seuerall and different languages thereabout 1694. Vide Virginia Via tuna Indians in Brasile deâ—â—â—red by the Portingals 1298 Victuals verie scarce in Plimouth in New England 1856. Victuals of the Spanish Fleet sent for England Anno 1588. 1901 Vigo a towne taken by the English in the Portingall voyage 1926 Villa de Praya a towne in Tercera one of the Ilands of Azores 1668 Villa Franca a towne of St Michels one of the Azores Iles 1963. the situation fertility of the soyle and fruits of the Land 1964 Vines store in Canada Ilands 1612 vines naturally growing in New England 1844 St Vincent a port in the West Indies 1190. called by the Inâ—ians Warapuimama its description 1242 1438 Virachocha an Emperour of Peru his first conquest 1458 his seuerall acts and death with his successor 1459 The V 〈…〉 gines Ilands not inhabited and description 1159 Virginia Companies aduentures in fiâ—â—ing ships one of them being taken by the Turkes 1836. Vâ—rginia despised of the very abiects 1841. fruitfulnesse of the Land store of fish and Fowle ibid. Virginia why so called the praise thereof the first voyages and discoueries there with their colonies 1645 1646. Virginias healthinesse ibid. a Virginian yellow haird and faire 1689. Virginias naturall commodities trees among which cypresse vines wines fruits gums sassafras nourishable roots raw they are poyson roasted not so but otherwise vsed for bread medicinable plants beasts in variety 1694. 1695. birds fishes and minerals 1696. fruits that are plantedin Virginia the seasons there their vse of corne of flesh the ayres mildnesse and commodities for trafficke with France Swethland Spain Holland 1696 1697. the commodities that may redound thence to the industrious ibid. Virginians number nations languages their description constitution Barbers apparell women shamefastnesse attire ornaments 1697 1698. their building lodging bedding gardens exercise for men or women child-birth naming children easie deliuery their manner of striking fire of making bowes and arrowes 1698 their swords and targets boats fishing spinning fish-hookes hunting either in companyes or alone consultations before battell 1699. Virginians neere the English Plantation their enemies their manner of embattelling stratagems ambusâ—adoes painting to make themselues looke terrible singing and yelling in their combate musicke and entertainment of great men 1700. their trade Physicke Chirurgery charming 1701. their Religion and adoration of any thing that can hurt them without their preuention worshipping the Deuil called Oke buriall of their Kings their ordinary burialls and mourning for the dead their Temples their supposed sanctitie Priests and their habite times for solemnities ibid. their coniuration altars sacrifices to the water their solemne customes for the making Southsayers their opinion of their Kings and Priests soules and the common peoples after death their opinion of the Christians God 1702. manner of gouernment which is monarchicall their Kings pompe described 1703 1704. Virginian punishment of offenders 1703. Virginia by whom discommended the miserie it sustained by effeminate idlers 1704. Virginian dissentions in the English plantationers 1706. The Planters nominated and their first imployment ibid. their miserie famine and sicknesse with mortality caused by the Presidents auarice 1706 1707. with vnexpected remedy ibid seconded by the care of Captaine Smith ibid. Virginian plots for the leauing the Plantation 1707 1709. Virginian plantation and trading endamaged by the ambition of the Company 1710. by desire of gaine in some priuate persons 1711. Virginias golden hopes frustrate ibid. Virginia its want of a good President 1712. Virginias plantation supposed ouerthrow 1717. Virgina Tauerne the abuse of trading among Saylors there 1719. Virginian first mariage of the English 1720. Virginian Plantations supply 1708 1716 1719. Gold as easie to bee gotten as corne there from the needy Sauages 1725. Virginian planters losse of armes by the trecherie of Dutchmen 1725. Virginias buildings repaired but by want of prouision not prosecuted the cause of such want 1727. and the miserie sustained by lazinesse ibid. Virginias vnprofitable planters checked by the Presidents speech 1728. Virginias healthinesse and the care taken for sicke men there by the English 1728. the Plantations third supply 1729. the change of gouernment and Captaines the preiudice of the plantation and mutiny seconding the supply 1729. Virginia Plantation at the Falls and Nanâ—amund 1729. Virginia planters breake peace with the Sauages 1730. Virg 〈…〉 〈◊〉 of Presidents losing Captaine Smith the miserie famine and diâ—comfort it sustained by his absence 1732. its supply by the ariuall of the Lord La Ware Sir Thomas Dale 1732 1733. Virginias innouation in gouernment whether mutinous or no 1734. Viâ—ginias dispraise by idle fellowes 1743. the Presidency of Virginia assumed by St Thomas Gates 1749 the miserie of it at that time ibid. the causes thereof ibid. 1750. Virginias hopes and aduancement 1750. other causes of its distresse and the distresse it selfe 1751. more at large 1756 1757. its commodities 1757. Virginians triumphs after victory feasting simâ—licity feare horrible and prodigious rites of southsaying their iudgement of powder and other customes 1708 1709. Virginians are al of all occupations 1709 a Virginian exchanged for a Christian 1710. Virginia Sauages strange mortality 1712. Virginians courtesie to the English 1713. and trecherous proiects ibid. exceeding feare of Muskets ibid. how Virginian Sauages may be dealt withall 1714. Virginia Sauages fight disguised like bushes 1716. Virginians made proud not awed by courtesie
characters sort not to terrestriall fabrikes instanced in the Reuenge Thunderbâ—lt and this Resentance with the Iesus of Sir Io. Hawk Considerations for pretended Voyâ—ges Prouisions bâ—â—ter prouided at Plimoutâ— then at London Note Danger of Porâ—s open Parts requisite in a good Mariner Abuses of some Sea faring men Master Thomas Candish Master George Reymond Note He addes another remedie in taking away imprâ—sts The consequence of Instructs at departure False calking For preuention thereof Example See Cap. â—rings last Voyagâ— in which the Great Iames was oft endangered thereby Aduice for shooting at Sea Two English shâ—ps haue hâ—â—eby much wroâ—ged each other by mistaking The Madera Ilands Canarie Ilands Gorgosho The descâ—iâ—tion of Tenerif and the Pike Of a Tree in Fierro One M. Lewis Iackson now dwelling in Holboâ—â—e told me that A. 1618. he had beene in this Iland and seene this Tree which he thus described It is as big as an Oake of middle size the barke white like Haâ— dbeame sixe or seuen yards high with ragged boughs the leafe like that of the Bay white on the bottome and greene on the other side It beareth neither fruit nor flower It is scituate in the decliuitie of a Hill in the day it is withered dropping â—n the night a cloude hanging thereon yeelding water sufficient for the whole Iland which containeth 8000. soules and aboue 100000. beasts Camels Mules Goats c. It falls into a Pond made of bricke floored with stones very thight by pipes of â—ead conueighed from the Tree to it and thence diuided into seuerall Ponds through all the Iland They which dwell vp-hill fetch â—t in barrels They water therewith also their Corne-grounds The Pond holds 20000. tuns and is filled in a night He added a report perhaps deuised to keepe off busie fingers or with busie tongues to multiplie wonders that the Moores hauing taâ—en that Iland from the Christians went to fell that Tree but each blowe recoyled on the striker Hee affirmed also that hee had beene â—p the Pike of Teneriff two miles He saith the South side is healthfull the North very Aguish and subiect to Calentures and the Inhabitants on one side looke lustie on the other withered The first discouerers of these Ilands Exercises vpon the Southwards of the Canaries â—â—pe de Verde The vnwholsomnesse thereof The heate The Breze Another cause of Feuers is the dâ—wes which fall euery night so that the exceeding moisture and vnsoundnesse thereof causeth men lying or watching in the open aire to fall sicke The remedie The influence of the Moone in hot Countries Saint Iago Sacked by Manuel Serades Sir Francis Drake and Sir Anthony Sherley Fuego Fiery hill Brano good watering The Palmito The Plantan great leaues Placentia The Cocos their kindes Coquillos A third kinde Cyuet-Cats Munkeyes Parrots * Tawt or taught a Sea-terme sig stiffe and fast Morning and euening praier Change of water Error in reckoning Note The lesse of Edward â—otton Current-consideration New found-land Current Leuant Sea Brasil and South Sea Currents of smaller force neere the shore A discourse of the Scuruey or Scorâ—â—â—â— The signes Azores Strange effect of calmes The remedies By Diet. By shift By labour By early eating and drinking Ten thousand English dead of the Scuruie in 20. yeeres By sowre Oranges and Lemmons By Doctor Steuens water By Oyle of Vitry By the Aire of the Land The company sicke and dismayed Prouerbe Brasill Cape Saint Augustine Farnambuca Todos Santos De Vitoria Dangers of fire By heating of Pitch Vse of â—ugge Gownes Preuention Diuers ships as the Primrose Iesus of Lubeck Robuck Blacke Lion c. haue beene burned By hooping scuâ—ling of Caske Note By natures of waters By swearing An excellent order for shipswearing Custome feedâ— vice which seuerity starueth Pi hy discourse of diuers fishes and their description The Dolphin The Bonito The Sharke His mouth Superstition All-deuouring Three rowes of teeth Whelping Pilats â—â—shes Sea hawking and hunting Flying fishes Alcatrace The fight of the Whale with the Sword-fish and Thresher The strokes heard two leagues Of Whales see our Greeneland discourses li. 3. c. 2. 〈◊〉 Amber-greece Amber Corall Best times to passe the line froÌ„ the Northwards to the Southward Port of Santos For preuention of annoyances c. in Harbours S 〈…〉 rds periury Their punishment Note for that harbour The vertue of Oranges Distilling of Salt water Vnskilfulnesse of the Masters Mâ—te Prouidence of God and the caâ—â— of the Master Care of Steeridge Exquisit in the Spaniards and Portugals Cape Blanco Saint Ialmes Ilands alias Saint Annes Gannets Purslane Cherries Palmitos Purgatiues Artechoques or Prick-pears A good note to take or refuse vnknowâ— fruits Contagious water Waste losse of mâ—n Hawke burnt Sholes of Abrcoios Industry of the 〈…〉 ans They surprise 〈◊〉 French G 〈…〉 at Canoa San sebastian Wise stratagem The merry euents of a care full watch 〈◊〉 in the 〈◊〉 Palmito Iland The creatures Cape Frie. Ienero Little Iland Isla Grand Shels of mother of Pearle Price of Negroes Cassaui meale And for Beuerage The manner of planning Iuca With the labour of the women The description of Brasil Its Hauens Strang worme Variation of the Compasse The ouerthrow of the Voyage by a perfidious man The cunning of Runnawayes Birds like Swans Such the Hollanders found in the Straits which they called Mayres Caughâ— with Line Hooke Proue good refreshment Care of the Patagones Land vnknowne A descriâ—tion of the same A caueat for comming suddenly to neâ—re an vnknowne Land Point Tremountaine Faire Iland Conduit-head Hawkins Maidenland Beds of Oreweed with white flowres Our comming to the Straits Description thereof Pedro Sarmiento buildeth San Philip. Hogs Ilands of Pengwins Note Since it hath bin plainly found that all the South part are Ilands Good prouision in the Straits The description of the Pengwin Hunting the Pengwin The keeping for store The Guls. Ducks Cunning Architecture Their neatnes Of Seales or Sea-woolues Description of the Seale Their Sentinel The second peopling of the Spaniards Elizabeths Bay The Riuer of Ieroniâ—â— Another channell Blanches Bay Obiection of waste Answere Warning against wormes which eate througâ—sâ—aps Of sheathing ships In Spaine and Portugall with double plankes With Canuas With burnt plankes In china with Varnish in England Best manner of sheathing The Naturaâ— Long Reach Mouth of the Straits Note Tempest English Bay The natiues houses Sloth cause of imagination Tobias Coue. Setting of the ship vpon a Rocke To the laborious God propitious Crabby Coue. Gods gracious deliuerance Voyage ouerthrowne by giuing way to murderers Edward Fenton and Master Thomas Candish Master William Hawkins The mending of an vnseruiceable Anchor Entertainment of time to auoid idlenesse A kind of hot Spice in the Straits In gathering of Wiâ—ters Barke Of Pearles in the Straits Discourse of Pearles how they breed Preuention of Rats The calamities they bring to a ship Backwardnes in the company Cape Desire South part of the Straits Ilands
course of water Great Lake described and Riuer of the Irocois Chap. 7. The Lake of Argolesme 15. leagues A great Riuer Another small Riuer Two leagues 30. maâ— Ilands Wal nuts of two sorts Store of Vines Good Countries The Riuer of the Irocois Their manner of fortification with stakes Fiue Ilands This Riuer runneth almost South-west A Lake some fortie or fiftie leagues long in the Countrey of the Irocois The goodnesse and short winter of the Countrey of the Irocois Their arriual at the Sault or Fall of the Riuer of Canada the description thereof Cha. 8. Fruitfull Trees of many sorts Orignas are before said to bee like oxen perhaps Buffes Lâ—sâ—arbot that Orignacs are Ellans Wild beasts A pleasant I le Many Ilands Iuly 3. Many more Ilands The entrance of the Sault or Fall Anlle A greatt current of water Monâ—â—eur du Pont â—nd Monsicur du Champlaine search the Sanâ—â— Two great Ilands A kind of Lake some 5. leagues long 3. or 4. Mountaines on the South side Two Riuers The surie of the fall of water The Sault a league broad The swift current of the water aboue the Fall Ten Saults mâ—râ— Temperate aire and good soyle The Sault is in 45. degrees and certaine minutes A draught of the Sauages The first report of the Sauages touching the Head of the Riuer A Riuer running 60. leags into the Countrie of the Algeumequins A Lake of 15. leagues Another Lake of 4. leagues Fiue other Saults A Lake of 80. leagues long Brackish water * It seemeth hereby to trend soâ—thward The last Sault Another Lake 60. leagues long very brackish A Strait of 2. leagues broad Another mightie Lake The southerne situation of a great Lake The water as salt as sea water Many Riuers running south and north Hudsons Riuer may be one of these An exceediug great Riuer The south Sea Of Canada and of the number of the Fals and Lakes which it passeth by Chap. 9. Iuly 4. The Riuer of the Irocois Another report of the Algoumequin Sauages A Riuer or Lake 6. or 7. leagues long A Lake 150. leagues long A Riuer on the North side going toward the Algoumequins A Riuer on the south side Another exceeding great Lake A Sea the end whereof the Sauages neuer saw It seemeth to lie southward The I le Coudres The Ile Du Lieure or Of the Hare The third report made by a great Traueller A Lake 15. leagues long An exceeding great Lake 300 luagues long A very great Iland Brâ—ckish water More brackish water Whole salt water A great and maine Sea A Riuer which goeth to the Algoumequins A Mine of fine Copper Some 400. leagues from the first Sault to the South-sea Their Voyage from Tadousac to the I le percee of many Riuers Lakes and Câ—uâ—â—ries wherein are found sundry sorts of Mines Chap. 10. 100. leagues from Gachepay to â—adousac Armouchides Sagaâ—o The description of the Port of Cachepay The Bay of Cods The I le Percee The I le de Bonaduenture The Bay of Heate The Riuer of Mautanne Trâ—gate and Misamichy The Riuer Sourâ—ua A Mine of Copper An Iland A Strait betweene the Iles of Cape Breâ—oâ— and the maine Land Souricois A great Riuer on the South-west coast whereby th 〈…〉 e sauages inuade the 〈◊〉 Great Riuers and goo 〈…〉 〈…〉 ns on the câ—â—st◠〈◊〉 â—â—â—ridâ— or Virginiâ— A Riuer A Lake twenty leagues in compasse A metall like Siluer A Mine of Copper Our returne from the I le Percee to Tadousac with the description of the I le Grecks Ports Riuers 〈◊〉 R 〈…〉 Bayes 〈◊〉 Shoalds which are aâ—ong the North coast Chap 11. The North shoare The Riuer of Saâ—â—â— â—â—â—gâ—ret A sandy coast Very b 〈…〉 Countries A point that sunneth into the sea A good Creek where many ships may ride A Bay A Creeke Two little low Ilands Lesqueuim a very bad Port The Riuer where the Basks kill the whales Our arriuall at Tadousac the 3. of August Of the Aâ—mouchâ—cois Sauages and of their monstrous shape The discourse of Monsteur de Preâ—â—re of Saint Malo touching the discoucrie of the South-west Coast. Câ— 12. The Ceremonies which they vse before they go to the warres Their departure from Tadousac Armoâ—â—hicâ—iâ— deformed Sauages The Souricois The Relation of the Copper Myne on the South Coast. Another Mine Blacke painting An I le wherein another kind of Metall is found which is white being cut Other Mynes The description of the place where the said Myne is A good Hauen at the Copper Mynes Their returne Chap. 13. Câ—pe Rase The Banke The sounding Vshant The rest of thi Pâ—rentis here for breuitie omitted with the Prouisoes c. And let not Englishmen feare want of roome for French Plantations or Sauage habitations these being very thin the other scarse worrhy the name of being or plantation hauing so many interruptions and more frequented by the French in way of Trade with Sauages then otherwise I haue omitted many digressions and discourses of the Authour only for knowledge of those parts presenting the briefe summe of his most ample Worke. His Map but for cost I would haue here added I haue diuers by me which I take more exact I am sure with many many particulers wanting in his And both his Mappe and Discourse shew that the French discouered not so neere Virginia as Hudsons Riuer and that the French Plantations haue beene more Noreherly farte then our Northerne Virginia and to the Southerne not a shadow in compa 〈…〉 of 〈◊〉 and numbers Lay Baye Francoise The Riuer of L' Equille Port Royall A Copper Myne In the 28. and 29. Chap. of the second Booke of the whole Volume vntranslated Things first to be prouided in new plantation Note This French Author was a Romish Catholike which yet speakes thus freely of the Spaniards Esay 52. vers 〈◊〉 Hatâ—â—â—y see sup Casâ—s Diamonds Turkie stones S. Iohns Riuer 1608. Vines Great Crapes among the Armouchiquois Abundance of fishes The commoditie of Voyaging by the Riuer The I le of S. Croix twâ—ntie leagues from S. Iohns Riuer Returne to the Bay of S. Mary where the lost man was fouÌ„d againe The Long I le Cheries The description of the I le of Saint Croix The fruitfulnesse of the soyle The Iland halfe a league in compasse Store of Muscles The returne of Monsieur du Poutrincourt into France The building at the I le of S. Croix Three discommodities in wintering at S. Croix Wickednesse of many Christians The Riuer of Roan Vnknown sicknesses viz. the Scorbute or Scuruie the greatest plague of Nauigations and new Plantations Fortifications and Garrisons besieged where want of fresh diet and of bodily labour or too much labour and watching with grosse aires in the Countries ouergrowne with wood or with marishes bogs and vnwholâ—ome waters are chiefe breedersthereof The Author hath made a long discourse of this disease the chiefe points whereof are here expressed for the benefit of our English Colonies in America in which I doubt not many
besides these Reed-Palmes Silke-wormes Other Trees Prickle-peare Waters No Springs then found since Wells haue bin there digged which ebbe and flow with the Sea c. Fish Salt made there 5000. fishes taken at a hale Cause of their wholsomnesse No vnscaled fishes Whale and Sword-fish Cater-tray beare the bell away Medio tutissimus ibis Fowles Wild Swans Web-footed Fowle They call it of the cry which it maketh a Cohow Wild Hogges how first found out and taken Tortoises H. Rauens voyage from Bermuda to Virginia Cap. Win. L. Lawarre Sir George Summers his suruay and other industrie He builds a Pinnace R. Frubbusher builds another Power of example Mutinous conceptions Conspira 〈…〉 Iohn â—ant and 〈◊〉 Another Mutinie Conscience greatest enemy to conscience Stephen Hopkins condemned and pardoned Third Mutiny Euill as it hath a deficient cause so in and before the effects defects are found H. Paine his Mutinus behuiour His execution Diuers of Sir G Summers compâ—ny flâ—d into the woods Sir T. Gates his letter to Sir G. Summers Waters and Carter stand out and are left behind Religious exercises performed by Master Bucke The most holy ciuill and most naâ—urall possession taken of the Bermudas by exercise of Sacraments Marriage Child-birth c. Children named Bermuda and Bermudas Saylers misorder Cedar ill for shipping Crosse set vp for a memoria His Maiestieâ— Picture Signe of Land Chesipiack Bay The long Boat sent by Rauens câ—st away Algernoone Fort M. George Percy Miserable shewes of welcome Old Patent yeelded vp Their miseries in 〈…〉 ed. Ipsi sibi causa malâ—rum Orders established which continued for their short stay the particulers are here omitted They contained a Preface and 21 Articles for Pietie Loyaltie and Politie conuenient to the Colonie Men blamed but not all the Country freed Prou. 6. The Courtrey co 〈…〉 ed. Rem acu tetigit True cause of misery in Virginia Times of labour vnder Sir T. Gates Note The hopes of Virginia Sir T. Gates his care Pohatans policy Sauage Spies Basenesse of our people Mischiefes of Mariners Pursers fraud Remedy The Colony when they came within foure dayes of staruing Purpose to leau the Country The highest pitch lowâ—st depâ—h of the Colonies miseries scarsly escaping the iâ—wes of deuouring desperation Hopes morning L. La Waarr arriuall Description of the seate and site of Iames Towne The Fort c. described The Houses Barke Roofes Vnhealthfulnesse of Iames Towne Commission red Lord La Warrs tiâ—le Sir T. Gaâ—es Lieutenant Generall His speech Prouisions brought Counsell chosen sworne Colonysworn Officers appointed Sir G. Summers vnderâ—aketh to bring prouisions from Bermudas * Ad Gracaâ— Calendaâ— Can a Leopard change his spots Can a Sauage remayning a Sauage be ciuill Were not wee our selues made and not borne ciuill in our Progenitors dayes and were not Caesars Britaine 's as brutish as Virginians The Romane swords were best teachers of ciuilitie to this other Countries neere vs. Grassesilke English Armes treasured by Powhatan Message to Powhatan Powhatans homâ—ge King of Weroscoick taken Prisoner Sir T. Gates bound for England Lord Lawarre Iune 19. 1610. 23. degrees 21 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 33. degr 〈…〉 30. minutes 32. degrees He speakes with the Adm 〈…〉 ll They faile toward Cape Cod West 〈…〉 atio 〈…〉 gr 〈…〉 A great fog 40. deg 56. mi. 47. fathoms water Water like vna greene grasse They take fish A great fog Sounding Great fog and raine 100. Cods taken The Ship d 〈…〉 th They stand for the Riuer of Sagadahoc Verie foggie weather The thick fog continueth The fog continueth The fog conâ—inueth A Rocke of Marble halfe a miâ—e about 〈◊〉 of Seales The smal rocky Iland lieth in 44. degrees Many Ilands in eight fathoms water August 3. Resonable store of â—â—sh Seale Rocke in 43 deg 41 mâ— Here turneth home Thick and foggie weather 41. deg 44. mi. Cape Cod. â—â—e shoâ—dâ—s of Cape Cod. The middle of the Sholâ—es in 41 deg 50. mi. 15. degrees of westâ—â—ly Variation 12. degrees of westerly Variation 11. degrees of westerly Variation 12 degrees of Westerly variation 13. deg 25. mi. of Westerly variation Many shoales 12. leagues to the South of Cape La Warre Cape Charles Lord La Warres many sicknesses Orenges and Lemons good remedie for the Scuruie Master George Pâ—â—cie Depu 〈…〉 〈◊〉 â—â—e 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sir T. Dale Marshall 200. leâ—t there Trade by Cape Argoll Three Forts Sir T. Gates his second voyage 100. Kine and 200. Swine sent K. and R. Pa tamack Sir T. Gates Sir T. Dale The Deliuerance This was in the Riuer of Nansamund His Voyage to Sir T. Smiths Iland Dela War Bay His first Voyage to Patowomec and Penbrooke Riuer Ayapassus the weroance of Pastancie * Cap. Web Ensigne Swift Rob. Sparkes two Boyes 1100. bushels of Corne. The second voyage to Penbrooke Riuer Note Great store of Oxen in Penbrooke Riuer A Myne A medicinable Earth A water that hath the taste of Allum An Earth like Gumme A red Earth like Terra sigillata The greaâ— King Patowomeck Ensigne Swift Pocahuntis taken 7. men freed His third Discouery Kerned Salt found May 12. 1613. Euery mans care is no mans Proprietie is a proper painestaker Sir Thom. Dales good gouernment Bermuda Citie Deere haue 3. or 4. Fawnes at a time Apossumes Strange store oâ—â—owle as before in Ouiedo A Frigâ—â—s lading taken at one draught Faire flowres Crabs Sir Tho. Dales going to Virginia A. 1 1 〈…〉 eight weekes Retchlesse wretches His care and imploiment R. Nansamund Wise seuâ—ritie remedie to slothâ—ull sccuritie Arriuall of Sir Tho. Gates with sixe ships Henrico built by Sir T. Dale Bermuda a city Hundreds set out and distinguished French displanted Long discourses followed in the Author but Virginia is brought to such an abridgement that I haue no heart to follow him or others in that kind Prince Henry Sir T. Dales iourny to Powhatans Country This is more at large deliuered with the particular circumstances which I for breuitiâ— haue omitted by M. Hamor Pocahuntas behauiour and report Opachankanâ— now their king worker of the massaâ—râ— Pocahuntaâ— baptised of Matoâ— so I haue heard she was properly named 〈◊〉 first called Rebecca They called the English Tossantessas and so would themselues be called The particulars and articles of agreemâ—nt are in M. Hâ—amors Booke here omitted Sir T. Dales report of Virginia In another letter to the Committees he writeth that foure of the best Kingdoms of Christendome put all together may no way compare with this country either for commodities or goodnesse of soile Master Alexander Whitaker was son to that worthy of Polemicall Diuine Doctor Whitaker Master of S. Iohns Col. in Cambridge Whatshadowes of men are the most in this age that the best deseruing should neede apologies instead of panegyrikâ—s They which for doing suffer ill cry whore first and by deprauing iustice seek to be iust Their Priâ—sts and manner of liuing Yet Namantack in his returne was killed in Bermuda by another Sauage his
fellow Aâ— 14. or 〈◊〉 miles Christall Rock Ayre and Seasons Note well Feare is the beginning of piety ciuility What vse may be made of the Natiues Possown a strange beast Flying Squirrels Fowle Fish Nets The Lottery * To 100. 200. 300. 1000. 2000. and the highest 4500. crownes Spanish Ships aâ— Virginia English Pilatâ— oâ— Iudas rather suspended and exalted together according to his meâ—â—â— Cap Y 〈…〉 〈◊〉 ◠〈◊〉 Hitherto from Capt. Smith See my Pil. l. 8. c. 5. See my Pilg. vbi sup Powhatans remoue Virginian yeers which perhaps occasioned the conceits of their longevity A. 1617. Cap. Argolls gouernment 1618. Great drought L. De-la-Wars last voyages and death Plowing and Corne in Virginia Killingbeck slain Powhatans death Sir Edwin Sands Treasurer Sir George Yerdley Gouernour Profit to be made in Virginia Seuerall Burroughs Patent three times renewed Ships People Commodities Gifts Patents Cap. I. Smith Sir Edw. Sands was Treasurer from Ap. 1619. till Iun. 16â—0 Master Stockams Letter to Master Whitaker before 1620. Hollanders colours The Spaniards shot at the boat They shot at the Ship English vnprepared for fight Spanish aduantages Spanish colors Their conference Insolence of the Spaniards The English fight Spaniards seeke to enter Their repulse Second charge Third charge Their Captain slaine Lucas his braue act The case altered Omnium reâ—urâ— vicissitudo The English could 〈◊〉 but foure Ordnance Spaniards fall off Brauado turned English Next dayes fight The Vice-Admirall seeketh to recouer the Iland and the qualitie Sana Doctor Bohune and seuen others slaine out-right Spanish losse Spanish ships described Beads Maids Magazine Furre-trade Boat-builders East Indie Schoole Iron Cotton Indico Vines Silke and Mulberies Plum-drinke Salt-workes New Discoueties by M. Pory Copper Mine Summer Iland Plants 3570. people sent to Virginia in the three last yeeres 42. Saile of ships 1200. Mariners imployed 1500. To the Summer Ilands Nine ships 240. Mariners imployed Forrest of Pines M. Hariot in his Booke of Virginia A. 1585. Vines planted Note A China Boxe seene with the Sauages M. Berkley M. G. Sandys French Vignerous Mulberies The Booke is printed containing many good rules both for Silk works Vines othâ—r husbandry but too long here to be inserted Hasty security Opachankanoes dissimulation occasioned by English security 347. slaine and basely murthered some think more He had written letters the year before May 17 testifying the plentiful comming vp of the Cotten seede c. attributing the ill successe of things to the not seeking of Gods glory in conuerting the Natiues which he said were peace able wanted but meanes indeed to murther them which this conceit procured Sure binde sure find Pitty such an Abel should be so Kaiâ— deceiued Conuerted Indian Manner of the Sauages life Gunpowder sowne practised before in Captain Smiths time Cap. Ioh Smith M. Pâ—rie Naked breast concealed beast Prouident Sauages Iack of the Feather Câ—uâ—e of the Massacre M. Gookins M. Iordan Mistris Procter Sup. cap. 6. Saint Georges Iland Three men had staied behind and went not to Virginia Harter Water and Chard Commodites of the Countrie Fishes Tortoises great and of great vse Fowle Hogs by reason of their food there and our mens stomackes extraordinarily sweet The weather Fruits Peares not hurtfull Cedar Berries Palmitos Pepper Palme-liquor Ambergreece and Pearle Tobacco Silk-spider Timber Trees * I haue omitted the rest of this discourse as being better knowne to later Writers Ambergreece Rat-plague How vaine a thing is man whose best wits and industry are triumphed ouer by silly Rats Great God giue vs grace to feare thee that we may feare nothing else else shall we feare with Pharao Frogs Lice Flies Grashopper or with others Fleas Sparrowes â— Yea a few Rats in despite of Cats Dogs Traps poisons shall starue vs. The Feagâ— Cap. Tucker Whales Shares Wels. The Aire TeÌ„perature of the Countrey Spiders Inueniuntur opes irritamenta malorum Flies Ants. Wormes Lizards Spiders Fowles Moores Forts Master Keath Church built Supplies sent An. 1613. M. Barklie Increase of Potatos Spanish Ships Escapes from dangers Rats M. Barklies second coming 1614. Famine and sicknesse Rauens Contrary extreme Gouernment by a Counsell Caldicots lot M. Keath and M. Hughes Strange accident Andrew Hilliaras aduentures M. Tucker 1616. Tribes laid oâ—â— Assises The Gouernours Admirable voyage His course was neerer shoare with all prouisions fitting Small Boat from Bermudas commeth to Ireland Sanders his fortunes Cap. Powell 1617. Hurt by Rats filling all the Iland Gallowes clappers fate 1618. Magazines not so profitable as intended Escapers not escaping Two ships sent Cap. Butler Gouernour 1619. Great stormes Ambergreece New platforme Ministers scruples Sir George Summers memorial Their first Parliament Spanish Wrack These made false reports in England the Spanish Embasadoâ—r also vrging the same till the contraâ—ie was manifested Weauells cure Forts Ordnance in Bermudas M. Bernard Gouernour 1622. M. Harrison Gouernour 1623. Wormes noysome He mentions in other letters 3. s. a pound of Butter 6. d. rea dy monie for a pinte of Milke 10 s. or 12. s. a day for a workman Carpenter besides meate and lodging Corteregalis made a voiage to thosâ— parts An. 1500. and another 1501. After that his brother but both lost Gomes another Portugal sought straits ther. An. 1525. The land was called Terra Corteregalis from 60. deg to S. Laurence Iesuites * I haue heard that Sir T. Dale was the Gouernor of Virginia and â—â—â—t him Iesuite killed The South Sea suspected as before in Dermers l 〈…〉 ter by Sauages relations 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aâ—at Of God and the image of God in Man Gen. 1. 1. Eph. 4. 24. Gen 1. 28. Gen. 9. 2. Gen. 2. Esay 53. 1. Cor. 3. Apoc. 21. 〈◊〉 Cor. 15. Of the right of Christians and that of Heathens to the world See these things more fully handled in To. 1. l. 1. c. 1. §. 3 4. 5. Ioh. 8. 35. 36. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1. Tim. 1. 6. Christians may not spoile Heathens Gal. 3. 17. Tit. 1. Matth. 5. Iohn 19. 36. 2. Cor. 10. 4. Matth. 16. Iud. 8. 2. Pet. 2. 19. Iohn 19. 11. Rom. 13. 1. Gen. 11. Acts 17. 27. Deut. 2. 9 19. 1. Cor. 3. 1. Cor. 13. Matth. 5. 1. Pet. 3. Mans naturall right in places either wholly or in great part not inhabited Abraham Lot Iacob c. I haue heard by one which I thinke hath more searched the Countrie then any other Cap. Smith that in â—eere so much as all England they haue not aboue 5000. men able to bear armes which manured and ciuilly planted might well nourish 1500000. and many many more as appeareth by this oâ—â— câ—untrie not hauing so rich a naturall Inheritance Right of Merchandise 1. Cor 11. 21. Securitie of Ports Gen. 10. Rom. 2. 14. Right Nationall Ius gentium Lucan Right by righâ— conquest 2. Sam. 10. Deut. 2. 19. Englands ma 〈…〉 〈…〉 hts to Virginia First discouery Mercator D. d ee Ortel c. M. Thorne
Sir Seb Cabota his picture in the priâ—e gallerie at White Hall hath â—hese words Effigies Seb. Cabotae Angli filij Ioannis Cabotae Veneti militis aurati c. he was born at Venice and seruing H. 7. H. 8. Ed. 6. was accounted English c. Galpano saith he was borne at Bristol Sir Seb. Cab. Grand Pilot of England Possession continuation prescription The names of aboue 100. are extant in M. Hack. 3. Tome Two former Colonies wholly c. Virginians acknowledge subiection and seruice to the English Right by buying selling and by cession Right by Forfeiture Fatall possession Heb. 11. The Glorie of God in his Word and Workes aduanced by this Plantation * Cicero Ie. 15. Ps. 19. 1. Ps. 92. 4. Ps. 148. 5. Ps. 16. ac 2. E 〈…〉 The workes of God and vaâ—ietie there seen set forth his glorie Propagation of the Gospell rewards therof Ose 2. Iam. 5. 20. Obad. vlt. 2. Cor. 11. 2. Matth. 6. 22. 1. Tim. 4. 8. Answeres to Obiections first to the want of Gold and Siluer Mines * Compare 2 Sam. 24. with 1 Chron. 21. It seemes that there were aboue two millions of men besides women and children Virginias high valuation Cap. Ioh. Smith Answer to the obiected ill successes and causes thereof Iud. 5116. Prou. 13. 10. 1 Tim. 6. The massacre hatâ— been the chiefe cause of later miscarying This number of 1800. was presented by the Companie to the Lords of the Councell Arguments for Virginian plantation as being honorable 1. Religion 〈◊〉 Humanitie 3. Honor of the English Nation 4. Honour of the King 5. Honor of the Kingdome 6. Argument of profit generally propounded Illustrated by the Castilian greatnesse Vpon lesse probabilities See Ouiedo our sixth Book Their greatest benefit in commodities not in Mines to the common subiect The Earle had purposed to leaue Sir Iohn Barkley with a Garrison to hold it but a great sicknesse and mortalitie consuming most of his men he was forced to leaue the place to bring home his ships I finde this in a written Extâ—â—ct of all the Ports shipping Cities Men c. of Spaine which sometimes belonged to that industrious Gentleman M. W. Burrough Controller of the Nauie Arg. 7. from necessiâ—ie by our multitudes Arguments of particular coÌ„modities and commodiousnesse 1. The same climate with best Countries 2. Temperate 3. Large extension 4. Commodious diuision of Lands and Riuers Bay of Chesepeake 5. Fertile soile 6. Trees for timber and other vses many 7. Specially for Silkes 8. And for Wines Iuly 9. A. R. 20. See sup c. 15. 9. Iust aduantage from the Sauages to make vse of their labours 10. Drugs and diuers other commodities 11. Iron mines 12. Timbers for all vses 13. More especially for building both houses ship 14. The manifold materialls for shipping 15. Sauing of expenses and freeing from dangers in forreine Countries 16. Imployment and 〈…〉 ding of Mariners 17. Many probabilities by transplantation of cattell fruits c. exemplified by Spaniards 18. The Countrie cattell beasts not only for vse there but Merchandise hâ—re * Cap. Smith tels of 1000. Basses at a draught M. Rolse of 5000. the least of two foot long 300. as big as Cod by Sir T. Dale 19. Benefits by fishing D. D. Brit. Monarchie Et quae non prosunt singula multa inuant 20. Tobacco A Booke presented to the Parliament by Master Bennet It is said that some maliciously father all their bad Tobacco on Virginia and Bermuda â—nd thâ— go 〈…〉 â—rom thence â—n Spanish 〈◊〉 21. Hopes of future Tâ—â—â—e for clothes other English commodities 22. Manifold necessities of these times 25. Nâ—cessarie for streng thening other Plantations 24. Probâ—bilities of a South Sea passage mame manie commodities thereoy 25. Necessitie of mâ—intaining Virginia in case of war forcâ—d â—y others South Sea why so called * See sup the end of the 4. Booke Dermers Letter in this * M. Thomas Turner an English Merchant liuing then in Portugall in name of an Almaine Q Elizabeths praises Acosta l. 3. c. 4. 5. 6. 7. Ouiedo Summary Gen. hist. l. 2. Hereras Descri of Ind. 〈◊〉 2. 3. The brises and course of Nauigation Eddy windes Disaduantage to our Ships of warre by want of some such Plantation as this is and may be whence ma ny Voyages were frustrated in part or wholly S. Seb. Sabot Anno 1517. Ouiedo Gen. hist. l. 19. c. 13. Master Hore 1536. Sir Io. Hawkins 1564. 1567. Spanish perfidie Spanish crueltiâ— Cap. Lancaster 1591. Cap. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1596. Santâ—s of 〈◊〉 Orient◠〈◊〉 East Indie societie The Conclusion Briefe recapitulation of the most remarkable premisses Ex. 13. Es. 11. 1. Ca. Challon 2. Cap. Hanam sent by Lord Chiefe Iustice Popham 3. Cap. Popham Cap. Gilbert Sir Iohn Pophams death Captaine Pophams death Death of the Plantation Sir Fr. Popham Frenchmen plant there Sir Sa. Argall Noua Scotia Cap. Hobson imployed with Cap. Herley c. 1611. Hunts Sauage hunting of Sauages Friers charitie Wicked effects of wickednes Cap. I. Smith Cap. Mason Gouernor in New found land Plantation Cap. Rocraft French seized Conspiracie Conspirators â—â—ft Sawaguatock Menehighon Barke sunke Rocraftâ—â—aine â—â—aine Cap. Darmers voiage Necessi ie of a Deck in Pinnaces of discouerie Hollanders in Hudsons Riuer Darmers discoueries New Patent thought on Dermer betraied by Sauages See sup his owne letter to me His death Peaceable Plantation by his meanes Patentrenewed Temperate Climate Fertile Soile Commodious Coast. Fowle Deere The Mosse a strange Beast described Mount Mansell How they take the Mosse or Musse Commodities Seuerall Plantations along the Coast. Thirtie saile 1622. Madera Saint Lucia Fortie English slaine by Sauages 1605. See the storie sup pag. 1255. Dominica Friar Blascus his request Three gallions lost at Guadalupa Causes of yeerly sending of Friars out of Spaine Gold in Dominica They land 〈◊〉 Friar on Port Rico. They by vnhappy hap fall amongst Spanish ships They are borded taken and abused King Iames his name little respected by Spaniards French courtesie Their imprisonment Hard hearted Spaniard Cruell imâ—â—nitie Spanish Presidents respect to the English Honest Spaniards Three ships cast away Cap. Iohn Legat of Plimmouth Mutine Cap. Legat slaine by his mutinous crew which knew not when they had done to bring home their ship and so stumbled on Spanish iusticers I haue heard him much commended for a proper and expert Sea-man Proofe 1. 1614. Proofe 2. 1615. Proofe 3. 1615. Proofe 4. 1616. Proofe 5. 1616. Proofe 6. 1616. Proofe 7. 1617. Proofe 8. 1618. Proofe 9. 1619. Proofe 10. 1620 A Plantation in New England Proofe 11. 1620 Proofe 12. 1620 A Letter from New Plimoth Proofe 13. 1622 For this yeere 1622. Opechancanough taken in â—he midst of his armie as Atabalipa was by Piçarra 1622. Sep. 6. 1620. No. 9. Cape Cod. Ill Landing Sight of Sauages A Deere and water Sepulchers Kettle and Corne found Pâ—lizado They returne Deuise to catch Deere Cold Harbour Note
receiue all such as turne vnto him and straight way hee commanded him to make a very high Crosse of wood which was set vp in the highest place of the Towne declaring vnto him that the Christians worshipped the same in resemblance and memorie of that whereon Christ suffered The Gouernour and his men kneeled downe before it and the Indians did the like The Gouernour willed him that from thenceforth he should worship the same and should aske whatsoeuer they stood in need of of that Lord that he told him was in Heauen Then he asked him how farre it was from thence to Pacaha He said one dayes iournie and that at the end of his Countrie there was a Lake like a Brooke which falleth into Rio Grande and that hee would send men before to make a Bridge whereby hee might passe The same day that the Gouernour departed thence hee lodged at a Towne belonging to Casqui and the next day he passed in sight of other Townes and came to the Lake which was halfe a Crosse-bow shot ouer of a great depth and current At the time of his comming the Indians had made an end of the Bridge which was made of timber laid one tree after another and on one side it had a course of stakes higher then the Bridge for them that passed to take hold on The Cacique of Casqui came to the Gouernour and brought his people with him The Gouernour sent word by an Indian to Caciqui of Pacaha that though he were enemie to the Cacique of Casqui and though he were there yet hee would doe him no disgrace no◠hurt if hee would attend him peaceably and imbrace his friendship but rather wouldintreate him as a Brother The Indian which the Gouernour sent came againe and said that the Cacique made none account of that which he told him but fled with all his men out at the other side of the Towne Presently the Gouernour entred and ranne before with the Horsemen that way by which the Indians fled and at another Towne distant a quarter of a league from thence they tooke many Indians and assoone as the Horsemen had taken them they deliuered them to the Indians of Casqui whom because they were their enemies with much circumspection and reioycing they brought to the Towne where the Christians were and the greatest griefe they had was this that they could not get leaue to kill them There were found in the Towne many Mantles and Deere skinnes Lions skinnes and Beares skinnes and many Cats skinnes Many came so farre poorely apparelled and there they clothed themselue of the Mantles they made them Coates and Cassocks and some made Gownes and lined them with Cats skinnes and likewise their Cassocks Of the Deeres skinnes some made them also Ierkins Shirts Hose and Shooes and of the Beare skinnes they made them very good Clokes for no water could pierce them There were Targets of raw Oxe Hides found there with which Hides they armed their Horses Vpon Wednesday the nineteenth of Iune the Gouernour entred into Pacaha He lodged in the Towne where the Cacique vsed to reside which was very great walled and beset with Towres and many loope-holes were in the Towres and Wall And in the Towne was great store of old Maiz and great quantitie of new in the fields Within a league and halfe a league were great Townes all walled Where the Gouernour was lodged was a great Lake that came neere vnto the wall and it entred into a ditch that went round about the Towne wanting but a little to enuiron it round From the Lake to the great Riuer was made a weare by the which the fish came into it which the Cacique kept for his recreation and sport with Nets that were found in the Towne they tooke as much as they would and tooke they neuer so much there was no want perceiued There was also great store of fish in many other Lakes that were thereabout but it was soft and not so good as that which came from the Riuer and the most of it was different from the fresh water fish of Spaine There was a fish which they called Bagres the third part of it was head and it had on both sides the gils and along the sides great prickes like very sharpe Aules those of this kind that were in the Lakes were as bigge as Pikes and in the Riuer there were some of an hundred and of an hundred and fiftie pounds weight and many of them were taken with the hooke There was another fish like Barbels and another like Breames headed like a delicate fish called in Spaine Besugo betweene red and grey This was thereof most esteeme There was another fish called a Pele fish it had a snowt of a Cubit long and at the end of the vpper lip it was made like a Peele There was another fish like a Westerne Shad And all of them had scales except the Bagres and the Pele fish There was another fish which somtimes the Indians brought vs of the bignesse of an Hogge they call it the Pereo fish it had rowes of teeth beneath and aboue From thence he sent thirtie Horsemen and fiftie Footmen to the Prouince of Caluça to see if from thence he might trauell to Chisca where the Indians said there was a worke of Gold and Copper They trauelled seuen dayes iournie through a Desert and returned very wearie eating greene Plums and stalkes of Maiz which they found in a poore Towne of sixe or seuen houses From thence forward toward the North the Indians said That the Countrie was very ill inhabited because it was very cold And that there were such store of Oxen that they could keepe no Corne for them and that the Indians liued vpon their flesh The Gouernour seeing that toward that part the Countrie was so poore of Maiz that in it they could not bee sustained demanded of the Indians which way it was most inhabited and they said they had notice of a great Prouince and a very plentifull Countrie which was called Quigaute and it was toward the South The Gouernour tooke his iournie toward Quigaute The fourth day of August hee came to the Towne where the Cacique vsed to keepe his Residencie on the way hee sent him a Present of many Manties and Skinnes and not daring to stay for him in the Towne hee absented himselfe The Towne was the greatest that was seene in Florida They tooke many men and women Now seeing the hurt which they sustained for their Rebellion they came to see what the Gouernour would command them and passed to and fro many times and brought Presents of Cloth and Fish The Cacique and his two wiues were in the lodging of the Gouernour loose and the Halbardiers of his Guard did keepe them The Gouernour asked them which way the Countrie was most inhabited They said that toward the South downe the Riuer were great Townes and Caciques which commanded great Countries and much
But he intended to keepe it as the Key of the Indies which who soeuer possesseth I vse his owne words may at his pleasure goe to any Chamber in the House and see how they sleepe before hee be either stopped or descried so as they must at euery doore keepe so great a force to guard them as will consume a great part of their yeerely Reuenue and send it from place to place with so great a waftage as will cause them to curse their new Porter for when they haue done what they can they shall beare his charge to their owne destructions and still be loosing places both of strength and wealth Thus that valorous and renowmed Earle whose bloud ennobled his attempts whose attempts added glory to his bloud and noblenesse to his Nobilitie which I rather recite that you might see the great wealth which the Spaniards reape of Ginger and Sugar to which that of Hides in that Iland holds such proportion that one inhabitant thereof named Châ—rigo had no fewer then twelue thousand Beeues where Beeues growing wild it was tolerable to any Ilander to kill a beast if hee returned the skinne to the Owner and what he speakes of a Key and a Porters aduantage Mutato nomine de te change the name and if Uirginia and Summer Ilands fall short some wayes they will more then equall it other wayes in Case But I must containe my selfe lest I purchase a Purchas Case for medling Now if any shall thinke that the many transplantations of people into those parts would exhaust England Spaine will answere that point also now in these dayes complayning no more of scarcitie of people notwithstanding their many and long Warres in so many parts of Europe except the expulsion of the Moores and Marans haue caused it then when first they vndertooke those consuming vast Enterprizes not of a Uirginia but of a World And yet what in comparison is Spaine for multitudes of people whose vastnesse is said to yeeld the King Dukes Marquesses and Earles only with their retinue excepted from eighteene yeeres of age to fiftie but 1125390. men of all sorts as I haue seene in an Extract of the Royall Muster-booke which how much is it exceeded by the numerous excesse of people in this Iland straitned in farre lesse roome and wanting necessary employments which almost exacteth a Virginian vent and aduenture For how much more conuenient is a transmigration into a fruitfull large and wholesome Region where the Countrie hath need of a Colonie to cultiuate it as well as those Coloni and Inhabitants haue need of a Countrie to inhabit rather then to breed a fulnes in This Bodie which without some such euacuation either breeds matter for the pestilence and other Epidemicall Diseases or at least for Dearth Famine Disorders ouer-burthening the wealthier oppressing the poorer disquieting both themselues and others that I mention not the fatall hand of the Hangman And thus you haue Uirginias hopes in generall propounded by Spanish example vrged and enforced by our necessitie of seeking vent to such home-fulnesse But looke vpon Virginia view her louely lookes howsoeuer like a modest Virgin she is now vailed with wild Couerts and shadie Woods expecting rather rauishment then Mariage from her Natiue Sauages suruay her Heauens Elements Situation her diuisions by armes of Bayes and Riuers into so goodly and well proportioned limmes and members her Virgin portion nothing empaired nay not yet improoued in Natures best Legacies the neighbouring Regions and Seas so commodious and obsequious her opportunities for offence and defence and in all these you shall see that she is worth the wooing and loues of the best Husband First for her Heauens and Climate she with her Virgin Sisters hath the same being extended from 30. to 45. degrees of North latitude with the best parts of Europe namely the fat of Graecia Thracia Spaine Italie Morea Sicilia and if we will looke more Northward to the height of France and Britaine there her Sisters New England New Scotland and New-found-land promise hopefull and kinde entertainment to all Aduenturers If you looke Southwards you may parallel it with Barbarie Egypt and the fertilest parts of Africke and in Asia all that Chuersonessus sometime the seate of foure thousand Cities and so many Kingdomes now called Natolia with her Neighbours Antiochia and other Regions of Syria Damascus Labanus with Babylonia and the glorie of the Earth and Types of Heauen Iudaea and Paradise the Silken Countries also of Persia China in her best parts and Iapan are in the eleuation and Virginia is Daughter of the same Heauens which promise no lesse portion to this Virgin then those Matrons had for the foundation-stock of their wealth and glory Secondly this Climate as it promiseth wealth so it doth health also enioying the temper of the most temperate parts euen of that in which Adam Abraham with the Prophets and Apostles were bred in and receiued as an Earthly priuiledge and in which Christ conuersed in the flesh And thirdly for extension if couetousnesse gape wide ten Iudaeas and a hundred Paradises may be equalled for quantitie in Virginia whose mid-land Regions are wholly vnknowne till we arriue at that Noua Albion which yeelded it selfe English before the first Uirginian plantation Fourthly for commodious diuisions the Lands and Seas contend by fresh Riuers and Armes of the Sea so to diuersifie the soyle as if in luxuriant wantonnesse they were alway engendring manifold Twinnes of Commoditie and Commodiousnesse Profit and Pleasure Hunting and Fishing Fruits and Merchandizing Marinership and Husbandry Opus and Vsus Meate and Drinke Wares and Portage Defending and Offending Getting and Keeping Mountaines and Valleyes Plaines and Hillocks Riuers Nauigable and shallower Foords Ilands and Land-iles or Peninsulae Woods and Marishes Vegetatiues and liuing creatures maruellously diuersified Looke on the Map and tell me if any Countrey in the World promiseth more by the lookes then it Yea I haue obserued in the Letters of greatest Malcontents from thence foe and friend and themselues are blamed rather then the Countrey the least finger of Virginias hand I meane the least of fiue Riuers or as Master Alexander Whitakers relateth the least of seuen in a small part of that great Countrie is bigger then the First-borne of Britaines waters the famous Thames all Nauigable some one hundred miles some one hundred and sixtie receiuing Tributes by the way of innumerable Springs Brookes Riuerets such as that of Ware and fit for portage of Wares in smaller Barkes of which kind Iames Riuer hath fiue Attendants in ordinary the fall of euery one of the fiue is within twentie or fifteene miles of some other and not aboue fifteene miles in some places is the Great Riuer of Roanoke said to be distant from some of those which fall into Iames Riuer yeelding a commodious intercourse twixt those Southerly and these more Northerly parts of the Countrey I know not how Nature hath here also