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country_n	air_n	call_v	soil_n	1,692	5	10.9944	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A28392	A Description of the island of Jamaica with the other isles and territories in America, to which the English are related ... : taken from the notes of Sr. Thomas Linch, Knight, governour of Jamaica, and other experienced persons in the said places : illustrated with maps / published by Richard Blome.	Blome, Richard, d. 1705.; Lynch, Thomas, Sir, d. 1684?	1672 (1672)	Wing B3208; ESTC R7437	42,330	208

care for the time to come He further saith that they are much addicted to Mirth and Dancing they are also much prone to Honour and Valour which they place above all other Vertues which doth occasion them to be so continually engaged against one another in Wars and that side which Fortune Crowneth with Victory Triumphal Jollaties are performed by them The Countrey he saith is divided into several petty Kingdoms and the People in the one keep no good Correspondence with those that border upon them and on the least occasion wage War one against another In this Countrey of Carolina he saith that there are several Indian Towns which are generally the Habitation of the King that commands the Territory The Proprietors of Carolina This Province or Countrey of Carolina was first Possessed by the English about the year 1660 and became a Proprietorship which his present Majesty K. Charles the Second granted by Patent to the Right Noble George Duke of Albemarle Earl of Torrington Baron Moncke of Potheridge Peachampe and Teys Knight of the Noble Order of the Garter Captain General of his Majesties Land-Forces and one of the Lords of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Council c. The Right Honourable Edward Earl of Clarendon Viscount Cornbury and Baron Hide of Hendon c. The Right Honourable William Earl of Craven Viscount Craven of Uffington Baron Craven of Hamsted-Marshal Lord Lieutenant of the County of Middlesex and Borouh of Southwark and one of the Lords of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Council c. The Right Honourable John Lord Berkley Baron Berkley of Stratton Lord Lievtenant of Ireland for his Majesty c. The Right Honourable Anthony Lord Ashley Baron Ashley of Winbourn St. Giles Chancellour of the Exchequor under-Treasurer of England one of the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury and one of the Lords of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Council c. The Honourable Sr. George Carteret of Hawnes in Bedfordshire Baronet Vice-Chamberlain of his Majesties Houshold and one of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Council c. Sr. William Berkley of in the County of Knight and Baronet and to Sr. John Colleton of London Knight and Baronet and to their Heirs and Successors And the said Lords proprietors having by their Patent power to establish a Government and make Lawes for the better Regulation thereof and the inviting of Inhabitants have formed a Model which by the general consent of all the Proprietors was drawn up by the Right Honourable the Lord Ashley a person of great Worth and Prudence whose knowledg in matters of State and the Settlement of a Government is sufficiently praise worthy by all perso●● Which said Model is so well fr●med for the good and welfare 〈◊〉 the Inhabitants that it is estee●ed by all judicious persons withou● compare but the said Model b●ing too long to be set down in th●● small Treatise I must be constra●ned to omit it The Settlements of the English Here are at present two considerable Settlements of the English for so short a time the one at Albemarle-River in the North and the other about the midst of the Countrey on Ashley River which is likely to be the Scale of Trade for the whole Countrey as being scituate very Commodious for Shipping and in a healthful place A DESCRIPTION OF VIRGINIA Its Bounds VIRGINIA particularly now so called hath for its Southern Limits Carolina for its Eastern the Atlantick Ocean for its Northern Mariland and for its Western that vast tract of Land which runneth into the South-Sea It s Name This Countrey was said to b● first discovered by Sr. Franc●● Drake as indeed all this Tract o● Sea-Coast and was so named by Sir Walter Rawleigh a great promoter of this discovery in honou● of Queen Elizabeth who the● Reigned The Settlement of the English Much time was spent in the discovery of this Countrey with vast expences in the setting forth of Ships and not without the great loss o● many a poor wretches life besore it could be brought to perfection but at length through the Industry of Captain John Smith and other worthy persons who took great pains for the advancement of these discoveries fortune began to smile ●n her and about the Reign of King James a Patent was grant●d to certain persons as a Corpora●ion and called the Company of Adventurers of Virginia Afterwards other Patents were granted to them for larger Extents of Land excluded in the former ●ut the said Corporation committing of several and frequent Misdemeanours and Miscarriages the said Patent about the year 1623 was made Nul since which it hath been free for all his Majesties Subjects to Trade into these parts It s Air and Temperature This Countrey is blest with a sweet aud wholesome Air and the Clime of late very agreeable to the English since the clearing o● Woods so that now few dyeth o● the Countreys disease called th● Seasoning The Soyl. It is every where interlaced with delectable Hills and rich Valleys and of a Soyl so Fertile that an Acre of ground commonly yieldeth 200 Bushels of Corn and is very apt to produce what is put therein as English Grains Roots Seeds Plants Fruits c. besides those appropriated to the Countrey and other adjacent parts of America Their Fruits Here are excellent Fruits in great abundance which may be compared with those of Italy or Spain as Apricocks Peaches Mellons Apples Pears Plumbs Cherries Grapes Figgs Pomgranates Quinces Maracocks Puchamines Chesnuts Walnuts Olives Straberries Rasberries Goosberries and Mulberries in great abundance Of their Apples they make Syder of their Pears Perry and of their Grapes Wine Their Roots and Herbs They have several sorts of Roots as Potatoes Carrets Turnips Artichoaks Onyons Cabbages Collyflowers Sparagus c. And most sort of Garden-herbs known to us in great plenty Their Fowles and Birds Here is great plenty of Fowle as wild Turkeys which usually weigh 6 stone Partridges Swans Geese Ducks Teal Widgeons Dotterels Heathcocks Oxeyes Brants Pidgeons Cranes Herons Eagles and several sorts of Hawkes And for small Birds innumerable quantities of sundry sorts as Blackbirds Thrushes Red-birds and above all the Mockbirds which counterfeiteth the notes of all Birds Their Wilde Beasts and Tame Cattle They have great store of wilde Beasts as Lyons Bears Leopards Tygers Wolves and Dogs like Wolves but brake not Buffeloes Elks whose Flesh is as good as Beef Rosconnes Utchunquois Deer Hares Bevers Ottors Foxes Martins Poulcats Wesells Musk-Rats Flying Squirils c. And for Tame Cattle Cowes Sheep Goats Hoggs and Horses in great plenty Their Fish Here is great plenty of Excellent Fish as well in the Sea and Bay of Chesopeack as in the Rivers viz. Cods Thornback Sturgeon Grampuses Porpuses Drums Cat-Fish Basses Sheepsheads which makes broath like that of Mutton Cony-Fish Rock-Fish Creey-Fish White Salmons Mullets Soles Plaice Mackrel Trouts Perches Conger-Eels Herrings Crabs Oysters Shrimps Cockles Muscles

Fresh-Water for their occasions but that of Wells and Pits which Ebbs and Flowes with the Sea there being neither Fountain nor Stream in these Isles No Venemous Beast In these Isles are no Venemous beast their Spiders are not poysonous but are of sundry and various Colours and in the hot weather they make their Webs so strong that oft-times the small Birds are entangled and catched in them Caedar Trees Here are Caedar Trees which differs from all others in several respects but the wood is very sweet The Air and Healthfulness The Skie is almost always Serene and when darkned with clouds it commonly Thunders and Lightneth And the Air is very Temperate and so exceeding healthful that it is rare to hear that any one dyeth of any Distemper but only Old age insomuch that many have removed from England hither only for the enjoyment of a long and healthful life And those that have made any long continuance here are fearful o● removing out of so pure an Air. The Inhabitants The English first setled themselves on these Isles about the year 1612. and have now established a powerful Colony there being at present about four or five Thousand Inhabitants who have strongly Fortified the Approaches which with the Rocks in the Sea renders them Impregnable A DESCRIPTION OF CAROLINA CAROLINA a New established Colony of the English being that part of Florida adjoyning to Virginia which makes its Northern bounds in the Latitude of 36 degrees and extendeth it self to the Latitude of 29 which makes its extream Southern bounds on the East it is washed with the Atlantick Ocean and on the West it hath that large Tract of land which runneth into the Pacifique Ocean It s Temperature and Healthfulness It is a Countrey blest with a Temperate and Wholesome Air the heat in Summer nor the Cold in Winter which is not so much as to check the growth of Plants Trees c. The several Fruits and Plants having their distinct seasons being no wayes offensive to the Inhabitants Neither is the Air thus Temperate and Agreeable to the Natives only but it is as Favourable to the English And being thus healthful hath Invited several persons from the Bermudes to settle here who dwelling in so pure an Air durst not venture in any other Countrey Nor do those from the Bermudes only remove hither upon the assurance of a happy life joyned with the gaining of Fair Estates but also many English from most of the American Plantations it being generally esteemed one of the best Colonies that ever the English were Masters of for here is Health Pleasure and Profit to be found which cannot be met with in so large a measure in any Countrey of the Indies Their Fruits Hearbs c. The Soyl is Rich and Fertile and produceth excellent Fruits as Apricocks Peaches Grapes of which the English have made good Wine Olives Walnuts Apples Pears Plumbs Cherries Figgs Mulberries Strawberries Water-Mellons Marachocks Quinces and other Fruits known to us in Europe which for goodness are no wayes Inferiour to them and in the Southern part Oranges Limes Pomgranates and Pome-Citrons And indeed the Earth is very apt to produce and bring to Maturity Corn all sorts of Garden-Herbs and Roots c. Its Commodities The Commodities which this Countrey doth and may produce are Wines Oyls Silk Mulberry-Trees growing in great abundance in the Woods Cotton Indico Ginger Tobacco c. And it is believed that here may be made of the three first Commodities viz. Wines Oyl and Silk such great abundance to theirs and this Kingdoms enrichment that besides what we shall use our selves we may have wherewith to furnish Forrain Parts Their Trees Besides the Mulberry-Trees here are those of Caedar Oak both White and Red Poplar Bay Ash and Pine with several others whose names are yet unknown Their Rivers Fish and Fowl The Countrey is very well watered with Rivers there being between Cape-Carteret and Port-Rasal which is not above 60 miles 5 or 6 great Navigable Rivers which discharge themselves into the Sea besides several others of less Remark And these Rivers are plentifully stored with excellent Fish of sundry sorts which being the same as are found in Virginia which comes next to be treated of I shall omit the nameing of them here Here are also great plenty of Wild-Fowl as Geese Cranes Swans Herons Curlews Heath-Cocks Oxeys Brants Dotterels Widgeons Teals and Duck and Mallard in an undestroyable quantity Provisions in the Woods The Woods are well stored with large Turkeys Phesants Partridges Turtle-Doves Wood-Pidgeons with great variety and plenty of small Birds Also in the Woods are great plenty of Deer with abundance of Hares Coneys c. Here are divers delightful and spacious Savanas The Natives of Carolina The Natives of Carolina according to the observation of Mr. John Ledener who made three several journeys from Virginia to Carolina about the year 1670. on purpose for a discovery of those parts and the better understanding the nature and disposition of the Inhabitants are said by him to be a people of a ready witt and though Illiterate of a good understanding For the Account of time he saith they make use of Hieroglyphicks and Emblems of things likewise they instruct their Children in such things as relates to their Families and Countrey which is so preserved from Generation to Generation where a battle hath been fought or upon the settlement of a Colony they raise a small Pyramid of stone which doth consist of the number slain or setled at such a Colony For Religious Rites either Devotion Sacrifice or Burial they make a round circle of short Strawes or Reeds and according to the placing of the said Strawes or Reeds it is known for what it was made and to meddle with such Circles is esteemed no better than Sacriledge He saith they worship one God as Creator of all things to whom their High-Priest offers Sacrifice but believes he hath somthing else to do than to reguard Humane Affairs but doth commit the Government thereof to lesser Deities that is to good and evil Spirits to whom their Inferiour Priests makes their Devotion and Sacrifice He saith they beleive the Transmigration of the Soul and when any one dyeth they Interr with the Corps Provisions and Housholdstuff for the Elizium or next World which they fancy to be beyond the Mountains and Indian Ocean He further saith that from four women they believe all mankind Sprung and do therefore divide themselves into as many Tribes and in their Marriages they are very Superstitious He saith they are generally well-proportionate they are great Favourers of the English living together in Love and Friendship and upon all occasions ready to contribute their assistance unto them They are generally of a good and honest meaning no wayes addicted to Vice or to ExExtravagancies contending themselves with a mean Dyet and Apparrel for their present subsistance not taking much

It hath for its Bounds on the South Virginia from which it is parted by the River Patowmeck whose Southerly bank divides the Province from Virginia on the East the Atlantick Ocean and Delaware-Bay on the North New-England and New-York formerly part of New-England lying on the East side of Delaware-Bay and on the West the true Meridian of the first fountain of the River of Patowmeck The Bay of Chesopeack giving entrance to Ships into Virginia and Maryland passeth through the heart of this Province and is found Navigable near 200 miles into which falls the Rivers of Patowmeck Patuxent Ann-Arundel alas Severn and Sasquesahanough lying on the West side of the Bay and to the East of the said Bay those of Choptanke Nantecoke Pocomoke and several other Rivers and Rivulets to the great improvement of the Soyl and Beauty of this Province The Countrey of late since the Felling of the Woods and the Peoples accustoming themselves to English Dyet is very healthful and and agreeable to the constitution of the English few now dying at their first coming of the Countreys disease or Seasoning And as to the Temperature of Air the heats in Summer receive such seasonable allayes from gentle breezes and fresh Showres of Rain and the Cold in Winter is of so little durance that the Inhabitants cannot be said to suffer by either The Soyl c. The Countrey is generally plain and even yet rising in some places into small and pleasant Hills which heighten the beauty of the adjacent Valleys The Soyl is Rich and Fertil naturally producing all such Commodities as are in the precedent discourse set down as peculiar to its neighbouring Colony Virginia as all sorts of Beasts and Fowle both Tame and Wild Fish Fruits Plants Roots Herbs Gums Trees Balsomes c. as likewise all Commodities produced by Industry are here found in as great plenty and perfection But the general trade of Maryland depends chiefly upon Tobacco which being esteemed better for a Forreign Market than that of Virginia finds great Vent abroad and the Planters at home in exchange thereof are furnished by the Merchant with all necessaries for himself his House Family and Plantation Their is a Competent stock of ready mony in this Province both of English Forreign and his Lordshipps own Coyne yet their chief way of Commerce is by way of barter or exchange of Commodities which may be judged to be no wayes inconsiderable since 100 sail of Ships from England and the English Plantations have of late Yeares been known to trade thither in one Year The Natives The Natives as to their Complexion Stature Customes Dispositions Laws Religions Apparel Dyet Houses c. are much the same as those of Virginia already treated of being likewise many different Tribes or sorts of People and each Govern'd by their particular King The Government c. of this Countrey This Province of Maryland his Majesty King Charles the first in Anno 1632 granted by Patent to the Right Honourable Caecilius Calvert Lord Baltemore and to his Heires and Assignes and by that Patent created him and them the true and absolute Lords and Propriators of the same saving the Allegiance and Soveraigne Dominion due to his Majesty his Heirs and Successours thereby likewise granting to them all Royal Jurisdictions and Prerogatives both Millitary and Civil as power of enacting Laws Martial Laws making of War and Peace pardoning of Offences Conferring of Honours Coyning of Money c. And in acknowledgement thereof yeilding and and paying yearly to his Majesty his Heires and Successors two Indian Arrows at Windsor Castle in the County of Berks on Easter Tuesday together with the fifth part of all the Gold and Silver Oare that shall be found there For the better inviting of people to settle here his Lordship by advice of the General Assembly of that Province hath long since established a Model of good and wholsome Laws for the ease and benefit of the Inhabitants with tolleration of Religion to all sorts that profess the Faith of Christ which hath been a principal motive to many to settle under that Government rather then in another where liberty of Conscience was denyed them It s division into Countyes This Province where it is peopled with English is severed into 10 Counties to wit 5 Eastwards of Chesopeak Bay as Cecil Dorchester Kent Sommerset and Talbot and 5 westwards of the said Bay as Ann-Arundel Baltemore Calvert Charles and St. Maries And in every one of these Countyes there is held an inferiour Court every two months for small matters from which there lyeth Appeales to the Provincial Court held at St. Maryes Here are likewise certain Magistrates appoynted by his Lordship in each County as Sheriffs Justices of the Peace c. Their Townes The Inhabitants being in number at present about 16000 have begun the building of several Townes which in few Yeares 't is hoped may come to some perfection as Calverton Herrington and Harvy-Town all Commodiously seated for the benefit of Trade and conveniency of Shipping but the principal Town is St. Maryes seated on St. Georges River being beautified with divers well-built Houses and is the cheif place or scale of Trade for the Province where the Governour his Lordships Son and Heir Mr. Charles Calvert hath his House and where the General Assembly and Provincial Courts are held and Publique Offices kept but at present the said Governour doth reside at Mattapany about 8 Miles distant where he hath a fair and pleasant House And for the better assisting the said Governour in matters that concerns the Government of the Province he hath his Council c. A DESCRIPTION OF New-YORK ADjoyning to Mary-Land Northwards is a Colony called New-York from his Royal Highness the Duke of York the Proprietor thereof by grant from his Majesty and is that part of New-England which the Dutch formerly seized and called the New Netherlands It s Fertility c. It is a Countrey of a Rich and Fertile Soyl well watered with Rivers as is Mary-Land already spoken of and is found to produce the same Beasts Birds Fish Fruits Commodities Trees c. and in as great plenty It s Town Here is one very considerable Town first built by the Dutch and called New-Amsterdam which name is now changed to New-York It is well seated both for Trade Security and Pleasure in a small Isle called Mahatan reguarding the Sea made so by Hudsons-River which severeth it from Long-Island which said River is very commodious for Shipping and is about two Leagues broad The Town is large containing about five hundred well-built Houses and for Civil Government it hath a Mayor Alderman a Sheriff and Justices of the Peace for their Magistrates For the further security of this Town here is raised a Fort called James-Fort which is very strong and well Defended and Maintained with Men and Ammunition The Town is Inhabited by the English and Dutch and

hath a considerable Trade with the Indians for the Skins of Elks Deer Bears c. also for those of Bever Otter and other Furrs and doth likewise enjoy a good Trade with the English The Natives This Countrey is also possessed with sundry sorts of people not much unlike the Indians of Virginia being well proportioned Stout Swarthy Black haired very expert in their Bow and Arrows which are their chief weapons of War They are courteous to the English of a ready Witt and very apt to receive Instructions from them upon the least Offence the man turneth away his wife and marrieth again and the Children begotten by her she taketh with her the man not regarding them Fornication is here permitted They observe several Ceremonies in their Religious Rites and are said to worship the Devil whom they greatly fear Their Priests are no better than Sorcerers who strangly bewitch these silly Creatures When any woman findeth her self quick with Child she keepeth her self chast or untouched by man until her delivery the like she observeth in the time of her giving Suck A strange custom which our European Dames would not well like of They are very obedient and loving to their Kings They believe the Transmigration of the Soul and concerning the Creation of the World have a strange fantastical opinions They are much addicted to Dancing Sports and Recreations observing Festival Times Their Habit is but mean as the rest of the Indians yet do they Paint and besmear their Faces with several Colours by way of Ornament There Dyet and Habitations are also as mean They are much addicted to go to Wars against one another and do seldome give quarter to any but the Women and Children whom they preserve and make use of for the encreasing their strength A DESCRIPTION OF New-ENGLAND It s Situation NEw England is seated North of Maryland which according to the report of Capt. Smith hath 70 miles of Sea Coast where are found divers good Havens some of which are capable to harbour 500 Saile of Shipps from the fury the of Sea and Winds by reason of the interposition of several Isles to the number of about 200 which lie about this Coast And although this Countrey is seated in the midst of the Temperate Zone yet is the Clime more uncertain as to Heat and Cold then those European Kingdomes which lie Parallel with it and as to Virginia this may be compared as Scotland is to England The Aire The Aire is here found very healthful and very agreeable to the English which makes them possess many potent Colonyes Its Inhabitants This Countrey is possessed by divers sorts of People who are Governed by their particular Kings and do much differ in Customes and Manners from one another as those Indians inhabiting in Mary-Land Virginia and other parts of America And do live generally at variance with each other They have their several Townes and settlements and their Riches doth consist in their Furs and Skins which they sell to the English When first inhabited by the English This Countrey became first to be a Colony of the English about the Year 1605 being granted by Patent from King James to certain proprietors under the name of the Plymouth Company but divers years were spun out with great expences and not without sundry casualties befalling on the Adventurers before it became any thing considerable and in a setled condition Their Rivers and Fish This Country is well watered with Rivers the chief amongst which are Agamentico Conectecut Kinebequy Merrimeck Mishuin Mistick Neraganset Pascataway Pemnaquid Tachobacco c. and in these Rivers together with the Sea are taken excellent Fish as Cod Thornback Sturgeon Porpuses Haddock Salmons Herrings Mackeril Oysters Lobsters Crab-Fish Tortoise Cocles Muscles Clams Smelts Eels Lamprons Alewives Basses Hollibuts Sharks Seales Grampus and Whales Their Fowles and Birds Here are great variety of Fowls as Phesants Partridges Heath-Cocks Turkeys Geess Ducks Hernes Cranes Cormorants Swans Widgins Sheldrakes Snipes Doppers Blackbirds the Humbird Loon c. Their Beasts both Tame and Wild. Their Wild Beasts of chief note are Lyons Beares Foxes Rackoons Mooses Musquashs Otters Bevers Deer Hares Coneys c. and for Tame Beasts Cowes Sheep Goates Swine and Horses Amongst the hurtful things in this Countrey the Rattle-Snake is most dangerous Here are also several sorts of Stinging Flyes which are found very troublesome to the Inhabitants Their Trees and Fruits Here are sundry sorts of Trees as the Oak Cyprus Pine Chesnut Caedar Walnut Firr Ash Asp Elm Alder Maple Birch Sasafras Sumach several Fruit-Trees as Apples Pears Plumbs with several others that are growing in Virginia and Mary-land which I have already took notice of Their Commodities and Trade This Countrey affordeth several sorts of rich Furrs Flax Linnen Amber Iron Pitch Tarr Cables Masts and Timber to build Ships also several sorts of Grain c. The Inhabitants drive a considerable Trade to Barbadoes and other our American Plantations in supplying them with Flower Bisket Salt Flesh and Fish c. and in return bring Sugars and other Commodities as well for their own use as to sell again They also drive a considerable Trade with England for wearing Apparrel Stuffs Silks Cloth several Utensils for their Houses Iron Brass and such like things that are useful to man and not found amongst them As to the Coyns Weights and Measures of New-England and the rest of the American Plantations belonging to his Majesty they are the same with those of London but as to Coyns they are not much made use of in Trade their way being bartering of one Commodity for another but at Jamaica they have plenty of Spanish Coins and at Barbadoes those of England The English now Inhabiting in New-England are very numerous and powerful having a great many Towns many of which are considerable The English Government The Inhabitants are Governed by Laws of their own making and have their several Courts and places of Judicature and assemble together at their set times and places as well for the making of New Lawes abolishing of Old Hearing and Determining of Causes as for the Election of a Governour Deputy-Governour Assistants Burgesses and other Magistrates every Town having two Burgesses each County Annually Electing such like Officers for the looking after the like Affairs in the said Colony And in matters that concern Religion and Church-Government they are very strict and make a great shew being much of the stamp of the Ridgid Presbyterians The Towns Here are several Towns as Boston the Metropolis of New-England Commodiously seated for Traffique on the Sea-Shore It is at present a very large and spacious Town or rather City composed of several well-ordered Streets and graced with fair and beautiful Houses which are well Inhabited by Merchants and Trades-men who drive a considerable Trade for such Commodities as the Countrey afforeth to Barbadoes and the other Caribbee Isles as also to England and