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a_o horn_n corn_n and_o horn_n in_o the_o plural_a number_n kern_n though_o other_o will_v have_v the_o name_n cornwall_n derive_v from_o i_o know_v not_o what_o corineus_n a_o companion_n of_o brutus_n and_o have_v it_o call_v corinia_n according_a to_o that_o of_o the_o fabulous_a poet_n pars_fw-la corinea_n datur_fw-la corinaeo_n de_fw-fr deuce_fw-la nomen_fw-la patria_fw-la déque_fw-la viro_fw-la gens_fw-la corinensis_fw-la habet_fw-la cornwall_n by_o grant_n to_o corinaeus_n come_v the_o country_n from_o the_o prince_n receive_v its_o name_n but_o if_o you_o look_v diligent_o into_o antiquity_n it_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n for_o place_n to_o borrow_v their_o name_n from_o such_o a_o situation_n in_o crete_n and_o the_o *_o precopensian_a chersonese_n promontory_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ram_n horn_n because_o like_o ram_n horn_n they_o shoot_v forth_o into_o the_o sea_n so_o cyprus_n be_v former_o call_v by_o the_o greek_n cerastis_n because_o it_o hang_v into_o 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diodorus_n affirm_v that_o the_o britain_n who_o live_v in_o those_o part_n dig_v tinn_o out_o of_o a_o rocky_a sort_n of_o ground_n carry_v it_o in_o cart_n at_o low-tide_n to_o some_o of_o the_o neighbour_a island_n that_o thence_o the_o merchant_n transport_v it_o into_o gaul_n and_o then_o on_o horse_n back_o in_o thirty_o day_n to_o the_o spring_n of_o eridanus_n or_o the_o city_n narbona_n as_o to_o a_o common_a mart._n aethicus_n too_o whoever_o he_o be_v that_o unworthy_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o be_v translate_v by_o st._n jerom_n tongue_n jerom_n out_o of_o the_o sclavonian_a tongue_n intimate_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o add_v that_o he_o give_v direction_n to_o those_o workman_n the_o saxon_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v meddle_v with_o they_o or_o at_o most_o to_o have_v only_o employ_v the_o saracen_n for_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o this_o day_n call_v a_o mine_n that_o be_v give_v over_o attal-sarisin_a that_o be_v the_o leave_n of_o the_o saracen_n panim_n saracen_n 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gaul_n sweet_a willow_n or_o dutch_a myrtle_n in_o a_o low_a level_a marsh_n ground_n near_o wareham_n in_o this_o county_n plentiful_o malva_n arborea_fw-la marina_fw-la nostras_fw-la park_n english_a sea_n tree-mallow_n about_o the_o cottage_n of_o the_o village_n call_v chissell_n in_o portland_n island_n sedum_fw-la portlandicum_fw-la ad._n lob._n majus_fw-la marinum_fw-la anglicum_fw-la park_n portland_n sengreen_n lobel_n write_v so_o ambiguous_o of_o this_o plant_n and_o we_o have_v not_o see_v nor_o hear_v of_o it_o at_o portland_n i_o shall_v not_o have_v think_v it_o worth_a mention_v but_o that_o i_o find_v it_o in_o some_o catalogue_n of_o garden_n vermicularis_fw-la frutex_fw-la minor_fw-la ger._n fruticosa_fw-la altera_fw-la park_n sedum_fw-la minus_fw-la fructicosum_fw-la c._n b._n a_o cali_n species_n seu_fw-la vermicularis_fw-la marina_fw-la arborescens_fw-la j._n b._n shrub-stonecrop_a or_o rather_o glasswort_n on_o the_o stone_n batch_n run_v from_o the_o shore_n 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john_n son_n of_o corbutio_n to_o join_v the_o river_n avon_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v so_o call_v as_o tigris_n a_o river_n of_o mesopotamia_n which_o in_o the_o persian_a language_n signify_v a_o arrow_n from_o the_o swiftness_n of_o its_o current_n or_o from_o its_o flow_n course_n for_o that_o the_o word_n ara_n among_o the_o old_a britain_n and_o gaul_n import_v i_o leave_v to_o the_o search_n of_o other_o river_n other_o who_o have_v better_a observe_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o river_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o arrow_n lie_v coughton_n coughton_n coughton_n the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o throckmortons_n throckmortons_n throckmortons_n knight_n who_o since_o they_o marry_v with_o the_o heiress_n of_o speney_n grow_v very_o numerous_a famous_a and_o fruitful_a of_o good_a wit_n not_o far_o from_o hence_o lie_v ouseley_n memorable_a for_o the_o ancient_a lord_n thereof_o the_o butler_n baron_n of_o wem_n from_o who_o it_o hereditary_o descend_v to_o the_o ferrars_n of_o ousley_n ousley_n ousley_n who_o inheritance_n in_o a_o short_a time_n be_v divide_v betwixt_o john_n lord_n of_o greistocke_n and_o ralph_n nevil_n a_o little_a low_o upon_o arrow_n be_v seat_v beauchamp_n court_n court_n beauchamp_v court_n so_o call_v from_o baron_n beauchamp_n of_o powicke_n from_o who_o by_o the_o only_a daughter_n of_o edward_n willoughby_n son_n of_o robert_n willoughby_n lord_n brook_n it_o come_v to_o sir_n fulk_n grevill_n grevill_n grevill_n kt_n a_o person_n no_o less_o esteem_v for_o the_o sweetness_n of_o his_o temper_n than_o dignity_n of_o his_o station_n who_o only_a son_n of_o the_o same_o name_n so_o entire_o devote_v himself_o to_o the_o study_n of_o real_a virtue_n and_o honour_n that_o the_o nobleness_n of_o his_o mind_n far_o exceed_v that_o of_o his_o birth_n for_o who_o extraordinary_a favour_n though_o i_o must_v despair_v of_o make_v suitable_a return_n yet_o whether_o speak_v or_o silent_a i_o must_v ever_o preserve_v a_o grateful_a memory_n below_o beauchamp's-court_n the_o river_n alne_n or_o alenus_fw-la fall_v into_o arrow_n which_o in_o its_o course_n through_o a_o woody_a country_n pass_v by_o henly_n henly_n henly_n a_o litde_fw-mi market_n town_n near_o which_o the_o montfort_n a_o noble_a family_n of_o great_a name_n have_v a_o castle_n that_o from_o its_o delightful_a situation_n on_o a_o hill_n amid_o the_o wood_n be_v call_v by_o a_o french_a name_n bell_n desert_n but_o the_o castle_n have_v long_o since_o be_v bury_v in_o its_o own_o ruin_n they_o derive_v their_o pedigree_n not_o from_o the_o almarian_n family_n of_o the_o montfort_n but_o from_o turstan_n de_fw-fr bastanberg_n a_o norman_a their_o inheritance_n at_o length_n pass_v away_o by_o daughter_n to_o the_o baron_n of_o sudley_n and_o the_o frevil_n just_o at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o river_n arrow_n and_o aulne_v i_o see_v aulcester_n aulcester_n aulcester_n by_o matthew_n paris_n call_v allencester_n and_o that_o more_o proper_o the_o inhabitant_n because_o it_o have_v be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a note_n and_o antiquity_n will_v needs_o have_v the_o true_a name_n to_o be_v ouldeester_fw-mi this_o be_v as_o we_o read_v in_o a_o old_a inquisition_n a_o free_a burrough_n of_o our_o lord_n henry_n 1._o which_o the_o same_o king_n give_v to_o robert_n corbet_n for_o his_o service_n and_o when_o the_o same_o robert_n die_v it_o descend_v to_o william_n to_o sir_n william_n william_n de_fw-fr botereux_fw-fr and_o to_o peter_n the_o son_n of_o herbert_n and_o when_o william_n de_fw-fr botereux_n die_v his_o moiety_n descend_v to_o reginald_n de_fw-fr botereux_fw-fr as_o heir_n who_o now_o hold_v it_o exchequer_n a_o bâ—â—â—_n in_o the_o exchequer_n and_o when_o peter_n the_o son_n of_o herbert_n die_v his_o moiety_n descend_v to_o herbert_n the_o son_n of_o peter_n which_o herbert_n give_v it_o to_o robert_n de_fw-fr chaundois_n arms._n chaundois_n but_o now_o it_o be_v decay_v and_o of_o a_o very_a great_a town_n become_v a_o small_a market_n of_o
find_v no_o occasion_n of_o mistake_n for_o example_n in_o regard_n the_o letter_n c._n in_o the_o welsh_a and_o irish_a be_v before_o all_o vowel_n pronounce_v like_o k._n as_o cilcen_n be_v read_v kilken_a but_o in_o every_o other_o language_n obtain_v that_o pronunciation_n only_o before_o a._n o._n and_o u._n i_o have_v in_o such_o word_n as_o be_v pure_o welsh_a substitute_v k._n for_o it_o in_o the_o pronunciation_n whereof_o all_o language_n agree_v nor_o can_v the_o critic_n in_o the_o welsh_a call_v this_o a_o innovation_n the_o letter_n k._n be_v common_a in_o ancient_a mss._n though_o never_o use_v in_o print_a book_n i_o have_v also_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n take_v the_o same_o liberty_n in_o writing_n five_o for_o f_o and_o f_o for_o ff_n lh_n for_o will_v and_o dh_fw-mi for_o dd._n and_o whereas_o the_o word_n lhan_n in_o the_o name_n of_o church_n be_v common_o join_v with_o that_o which_o follow_v as_o lhanèlian_n lhaniestin_n etc._n etc._n i_o think_v it_o better_a orthography_n to_o separate_v it_o writing_n lhan_n elian_n which_o signify_v st._n aelian_n church_n and_o lhan_n jestin_n i.e._n st._n justin_n as_o for_o the_o annotation_n i_o have_v add_v at_o the_o end_n of_o each_o county_n such_o as_o have_v the_o letter_n of_o direction_n prefix_v be_v note_n on_o those_o place_n they_o refer_v to_o in_o the_o text_n with_o occasional_a addition_n and_o whereas_o in_o some_o county_n i_o have_v note_n to_o add_v which_o do_v not_o refer_v at_o all_o to_o any_o part_n of_o the_o text_n i_o have_v insert_v they_o after_o the_o annotation_n with_o this_o mark_n ¶_o prefix_a what_o i_o have_v add_v be_v general_o observation_n of_o my_o own_o and_o where_o they_o be_v not_o so_o i_o have_v take_v care_n to_o inform_v the_o reader_n i_o find_v upon_o perusal_n of_o cornwall_n and_o those_o other_o county_n you_o late_o send_v i_o that_o the_o additional_a note_n on_o the_o english_a county_n be_v much_o more_o complete_a than_o these_o and_o somewhat_o in_o a_o different_a method_n but_o my_o task_n be_v too_o large_a to_o be_v well_o perform_v by_o one_o hand_n except_o more_o time_n have_v be_v allow_v and_o have_v receive_v no_o pattern_n for_o imitation_n but_o only_o some_o general_a instruction_n i_o know_v not_o how_o far_o i_o may_v enlarge_v and_o to_o have_v jump_v into_o the_o same_o method_n must_v have_v be_v a_o great_a accident_n however_o i_o find_v the_o difference_n be_v not_o very_o material_a nor_o be_v it_o of_o any_o great_a moment_n what_o method_n we_o use_v in_o annotation_n so_o we_o take_v care_n to_o add_v nothing_o but_o what_o may_v seem_v to_o the_o best_a of_o our_o apprehension_n pertinent_a and_o instructive_a what_o fault_n you_o find_v in_o the_o orthography_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o correct_v and_o also_o in_o the_o phrase_n where_o you_o suppose_v it_o convenient_a and_o where_o we_o disagree_v in_o the_o sense_n i_o shall_v upon_o notice_n thereof_o either_o give_v direction_n to_o alter_v it_o or_o offer_v some_o reason_n to_o the_o contrary_n oxford_n sept._n 13._o 1694._o i_o be_o sir_n your_o oblige_a friend_n and_o servant_n edw._n lhwyd_n pronunciation_n of_o the_o welsh_z ch_z be_v pronounce_v as_o the_o english_a gh_o among_o the_o vulgar_a in_o the_o north_n but_o more_o rough_o dh_fw-mi as_o the_o in_o the_o word_n this_o that_o etc._n etc._n g_o as_o the_o english_a g_o in_o the_o word_n gain_n gift_n etc._n etc._n i_o as_o in_o english_a in_o the_o word_n win_v kin_n but_o never_o as_o in_o wind_n kind_a etc._n etc._n lh_n be_v only_o a_o sibilate_v l_o and_o be_v pronounce_v in_o respect_n of_o l_o as_o the_o with_o reference_n to_o t._n u_o as_o the_o english_a i_o in_o the_o word_n limb_n he_o etc._n etc._n w_n be_v always_o a_o vowel_n and_o pronounce_v like_o the_o english_a oh_o y_z as_o i_o in_o the_o english_a word_n three_o bird_n o_o in_o honey_n money_n u_o in_o mud_n must_v etc._n etc._n all_o the_o other_o letter_n be_v pronounce_v as_o in_o english_a and_o never_o alter_v their_o pronunciation_n '_o denote_v a_o long_a vowel_n as_o mân_n be_v pronounce_v like_o the_o english_a word_n mane_n '_o show_v only_a the_o accent_n in_o short_a vowel_n south_n wales_n by_o rob_n t_o morden_n radnorshire_n on_o the_o northwest_n of_o herefordshire_n lie_v radnorshire_n in_o british_a sîr_n vaesÅ·ve_v of_o a_o triangular_a form_n and_o gradual_o more_o narrow_a where_o it_o be_v extend_v westward_o on_o the_o south_n the_o river_n wye_n divide_v it_o from_o brecknock_n and_o on_o the_o north-part_n lie_v mongomeryshire_n the_o eastern_a and_o southern_a part_n be_v well_o cultivate_v but_o elsewhere_o it_o be_v so_o uneven_a with_o mountain_n that_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v manure_v though_o well-stored_n with_o wood_n and_o water_v with_o rivulet_n and_o in_o some_o place_n stand_v lake_n towards_o the_o east_n it_o have_v beside_o other_o castle_n of_o the_o lord_n marcher_n now_o almost_o all_o bury_v in_o their_o own_o ruin_n castelh_n pain_n to_o adorn_v it_o which_o be_v build_v and_o so_o call_v by_o pain_n a_o norman_a and_o castelh_n colwen_n â—â—lwen_v â—â—â—telh_o â—â—lwen_v which_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o be_v former_o call_v maud-castle_n in_o colwent_n â—â—wn_n â—â—ud-â—â—stle_a v._o â—â—stelh_n â—â—wn_n for_o there_o be_v a_o castle_n of_o that_o name_n much_o note_v whereof_o robert_n de_fw-fr todney_n a_o very_a eminent_a person_n be_v governor_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n 2._o it_o be_v think_v to_o have_v belong_v before_o to_o the_o breose_n lord_n of_o brecknock_n and_o to_o have_v receive_v that_o name_n from_o maud_n of_o st._n valeric_a par._n pâ—â—taâ—â—sâ—â—aâ—â—tth_n â—â—tth_z par._n a_o †_o malapert_n woman_n wife_n of_o william_n breos_n who_o rebel_v against_o king_n john_n this_o castle_n be_v demolish_v by_o the_o welsh_a be_v rebuilt_a of_o stone_n by_o king_n henry_n 3._o in_o the_o year_n 1231._o but_o of_o great_a note_n be_v radnor_n â—â—dnor_n â—â—dnor_n the_o chief_a town_n of_o the_o county_n call_v in_o british_a maesÅ·ve_v fair_a build_v but_o with_o thatch_a house_n as_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o country_n former_o it_o be_v well_o fence_v with_o wall_n and_o a_o castle_n but_o be_v by_o that_o rebellious_a owen_n glyn_n dòwrdwy_n â—â—yndwr_n â—â—en_o â—â—yndwr_n lay_v in_o ash_n it_o decay_v daily_o as_o well_o as_o old_a radnor_n radnor_n use_v radnor_n call_v by_o the_o britain_n maesÅ·ved_a hên_n and_o from_o its_o high_a situation_n pencraig_n which_o have_v be_v burn_v by_o rhÅ·_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n if_o i_o shall_v say_v this_o maesÅ·ve_v be_v that_o city_n magos_n which_o antoninus_n seem_v to_o call_v magnos_fw-la â—â—gi_fw-la â—â—gi_fw-la where_o as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o notitia_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la the_o commander_n of_o the_o pacensian_a regiment_n lie_v in_o garrison_n under_o the_o lieutenant_n of_o britain_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o theodosius_n the_o young_a in_o my_o own_o judgement_n and_o perhaps_o other_o may_v entertain_v the_o same_o thought_n i_o shall_v not_o be_v much_o mistake_v for_o we_o find_v that_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o middle_a age_n call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n magesetae_fw-la â—â—gesâ—tae_fw-la â—â—gesâ—tae_fw-la and_o also_o mention_v comites_fw-la masegetense_n and_o magesetense_n and_o the_o distance_n from_o gobannium_n or_o abergavenni_a as_o also_o from_o brangonium_fw-la or_o worcester_n differ_v very_o little_a from_o antonine_n computation_n about_o three_o mile_n to_o the_o east_n of_o radnor_n lie_v prestean_n â—â—estean_a â—â—estean_a in_o british_a lhan_n andras_n or_o st._n andrews_n which_o from_o a_o small_a village_n in_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o grandfather_n be_v now_o by_o the_o favour_n and_o encouragement_n of_o martin_n lord_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n become_v so_o eminent_a a_o market_n town_n that_o it_o do_v in_o some_o measure_n eclipse_n radnor_n scarce_o four_o mile_n hence_o lie_v knighton_n â—â—ighton_n â—â—ighton_n which_o may_v vie_v with_o prestean_n call_v by_o the_o britain_n as_o i_o be_o inform_v trebuclo_n for_o treuÅ·klawdh_n from_o the_o dike_a dike_n 〈◊〉_d dike_n that_o lie_v under_o it_o which_o be_v cast_v up_o with_o great_a labour_n and_o industry_n by_o offa_n the_o mercian_n as_o a_o boundary_a between_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o britain_n f_o on_fw-we the_o mouth_n of_o dee_n to_o that_o of_o the_o river_n wye_n for_o the_o space_n of_o about_o 90_o mile_n whence_o the_o britain_n have_v call_v it_o klawdh_n offa_n or_o offa_n dyke_n concern_v which_o joannes_n sarisburiensis_n in_o his_o polycraticon_n say_v that_o harald_n establish_v a_o law_n that_o whatever_o welshman_n shall_v be_v find_v arm_v on_o this_o side_n the_o limit_n he_o have_v set_v they_o to_o wit_n offa_n dike_n his_o right_a hand_n shall_v be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o king_n officer_n asleep_o all_o the_o
monument_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o wales_n some_o of_o which_o we_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o other_o county_n in_o anglesey_n where_o there_o be_v many_o of_o they_o as_o also_o in_o some_o other_o place_n they_o be_v call_v kromlecheu_a a_o name_n derive_v from_o krwm_n which_o signify_v crooked_a or_o incline_v and_o lhech_v a_o flat_a stone_n but_o of_o the_o name_n more_o hereafter_o it_o be_v general_o suppose_v they_o be_v place_n of_o burial_n but_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o learn_v that_o ever_o any_o bone_n or_o urn_n be_v find_v by_o dig_v under_o any_o of_o they_o edward_z somerset_z lord_z herbert_z of_o chepstow_n ragland_n and_o gower_n obtain_v of_o k._n charles_n 1._o the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o glamorgan_n glamogan_n earl_n of_o glamogan_n his_o father_n the_o lord_n marquis_n of_o worcester_n be_v then_o alive_a the_o succession_n of_o which_o family_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o addition_n to_o worcestershire_n dimetae_n of_o the_o remainder_n of_o this_o region_n which_o be_v extend_v westward_o and_o call_v by_o the_o english_a west-wales_n west-wales_n west-wales_n comprehend_v caermardhinshire_n pembrokeshire_n and_o cardiganshire_n be_v think_v by_o pliny_n to_o have_v be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o silures_n but_o ptolemy_n to_o who_o britain_n be_v better_o know_v place_v another_o nation_n here_o who_o he_o call_v dimetae_n and_o demetae_n moreover_o both_o gildas_n and_o ninnius_n use_v the_o word_n demetia_n to_o signify_v this_o country_n whence_o the_o britain_n call_v it_o at_o this_o day_n dyve_v change_v the_o m_n into_o five_o according_a to_o the_o propriety_n of_o that_o language_n if_o it_o will_v not_o be_v think_v a_o strain_a piece_n of_o curiosity_n i_o shall_v be_v apt_a to_o derive_v this_o appellation_n of_o the_o demetae_n from_o the_o word_n deheu-meath_a which_o signify_v the_o southern_a plain_n as_o all_o this_o south-wales_n have_v be_v call_v deheubarth_a i.e._n the_o southern_a part._n and_o i_o find_v that_o elsewhere_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o champain_n country_n in_o britain_n be_v call_v by_o the_o britain_n themselves_o meatae_n nor_o do_v the_o situation_n of_o this_o country_n contradict_v that_o signification_n for_o when_o you_o take_v a_o prospect_n of_o it_o the_o hill_n decline_v gentle_o and_o it_o dilate_v itself_o gradual_o to_o a_o plain_n they_o plain_n see_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n among_o the_o roman_n to_o retain_v such_o name_n of_o the_o place_n they_o conquer_v as_o the_o ancient_a native_n make_v use_v of_o add_v only_o a_o latin_a termination_n it_o may_v seem_v more_o probable_a that_o dimetia_n be_v mâ—de_v out_o of_o the_o british_a name_n dyve_v than_o the_o contrary_n but_o whatever_o the_o original_a name_n of_o this_o county_n may_v be_v i_o can_v subscribe_v to_o our_o author_n conjecture_n of_o the_o etymon_n of_o it_o for_o we_o find_v no_o such_o word_n in_o the_o british_a language_n either_o in_o manuscript_n or_o common_a use_n as_o meath_z for_o a_o plain_a champain_n country_n though_o indeed_o if_o there_o be_v such_o a_o word_n they_o that_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o those_o county_n will_v scarce_o allow_v it_o applicable_a to_o they_o caermardhinshire_n the_o county_n of_o kaer-vyrdhin_a call_v by_o the_o english_a caermardhinshire_n be_v a_o country_n sufficient_o supply_v with_o corn_n very_o well_o stock_v with_o cattle_n and_o in_o divers_a place_n afford_v plenty_n of_o coal_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o glamorgan_n and_o brecknock_n shire_n on_o the_o west_n with_o pembroke_n on_o the_o north_n divide_v from_o cardiganshire_n by_o the_o river_n teivi_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o main_a ocean_n which_o encroach_v on_o the_o land_n here_o with_o such_o a_o vast_a bay_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o this_o country_n may_v seem_v out_o of_o fear_n to_o have_v withdraw_v itself_o in_o this_o bay_n kydweli_n first_o offer_v itself_o the_o territory_n whereof_o be_v possess_v for_o some_o time_n by_o the_o son_n of_o keianus_n a_o scot_n until_o they_o be_v drive_v out_o by_o kynèdhav_n a_o british_a prince_n but_o now_o it_o be_v esteem_v part_n of_o the_o inheritance_n of_o lancaster_n by_o the_o heir_n of_o maurice_n of_o london_n or_o de_fw-fr londres_n who_o remove_v from_o glamorganshire_n after_o a_o tedious_a war_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o and_o fortify_v old_a kydweli_n with_o wall_n and_o a_o castle_n now_o decay_v with_o age_n for_o the_o inhabitant_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n of_o gwen-draeth_a vechan_n build_v new_a kydweli_n invite_v thither_o by_o the_o conveniency_n of_o a_o haven_n which_o yet_o at_o present_a be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n be_v choke_v with_o shelf_n conâ—â—_n â—â—hâ—an_n â—â—an_z of_o â—y_a conâ—â—_n when_o maurice_n of_o london_n invade_v these_o territory_n gwenlhîan_v the_o wife_n of_o prince_n gryffydh_n a_o woman_n of_o invincible_a courage_n endeavour_v to_o restore_v her_o husband_n decline_a state_n enter_v the_o field_n with_o display_v banner_n and_o encounter_v he_o but_o the_o success_n not_o be_v answerable_a to_o her_o courage_n she_o with_o her_o son_n morgan_n and_z divers_z other_z noblemen_z as_o giraldus_n inform_v we_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o field_n â—â—eli_a 〈◊〉_d of_o â—or_a and_o â—â—eli_a by_o hawis_n the_o daughter_n and_o heiress_n of_o london_n of_o sir_n thomas_n of_o london_n thomas_n de_fw-fr londres_n this_o fair_a inheritance_n with_o the_o title_n of_o lord_n of_o ogmor_n and_o kydweli_n descend_v to_o patrick_n chaworth_n and_o by_o a_o daughter_n of_o his_o son_n patrick_n to_o henry_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n the_o heir_n of_o maurice_n de_fw-fr londres_n as_o we_o read_v in_o a_o old_a inquisition_n be_v oblige_v by_o this_o tenure_n in_o case_n the_o king_n or_o his_o chief_a justice_n shall_v lead_v a_o army_n into_o these_o part_n of_o kydweli_n to_o conduct_v the_o say_a army_n with_o their_o banner_n and_o all_o their_o force_n through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o country_n of_o neath_n to_o lochor_n â—â—s_o â—â—iver_v 〈◊〉_d or_o â—â—s_o a_o little_a below_o kydweli_n the_o river_n towy_a which_o ptolemy_n call_v tobius_n be_v receive_v into_o the_o ocean_n have_v pass_v the_o length_n of_o this_o county_n from_o north_n to_o south_n first_o by_o lhan_n ym_fw-fr dhyuri_n so_o call_v as_o be_v suppose_v from_o the_o confluence_n of_o river_n which_o out_o of_o malice_n to_o the_o english_a be_v long_o since_o demolish_v by_o howel_n ap_fw-mi rhÅ·s_n â—â—r_fw-fr â—â—r_fw-fr afterward_o by_o dinevor-castle_n the_o royal_a seat_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o south-wales_n whilst_o they_o flourish_v situate_v aloft_o on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o at_o last_o by_o caermardhin_a which_o the_o britain_n themselves_o call_v kaer-vyrdhin_a ptolemy_n maridunum_n maridunum_n maridunum_n and_o antoninus_n muridunum_n who_o continue_v not_o his_o journey_n any_o far_a than_o this_o place_n caermardhin_a caermardhin_a and_o be_v here_o by_o negligence_n of_o the_o copyist_n ill_o handle_v for_o they_o have_v careless_o confound_v two_o journey_n the_o one_o from_o galena_n to_o isca_n the_o other_o from_o maridunum_n to_o viroconovium_n this_o be_v the_o chief_a town_n of_o the_o county_n pleasant_o seat_v for_o meadow_n and_o wood_n and_o a_o place_n of_o venerable_a antiquity_n fortify_v neat_o say_v giraldus_n with_o brick-wall_n partly_o yet_o stand_v on_o the_o noble_a river_n of_o towy_a navigable_a with_o ship_n of_o small_a burden_n though_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o be_v now_o almost_o stop_v with_o a_o bed_n of_o sand._n here_o our_o merlin_n emris_n merlin_n or_o myrdhin_a emris_n the_o british_a tages_n be_v bear_v for_o as_o tages_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o genius_n and_o to_o have_v teach_v the_o tuscan_n soothsaying_a so_o our_o merlin_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o incubus_n devise_v prophecy_n or_o rather_o mere_a fantastical_a dream_n for_o our_o britain_n insomuch_o that_o in_o this_o island_n he_o have_v the_o reputation_n of_o a_o eminent_a prophet_n among_o the_o ignorant_a common_a people_n asleep_o soon_o after_o the_o norman_n enter_v wales_n this_o town_n fall_v into_o their_o possession_n but_o by_o who_o mean_n i_o know_v not_o and_o a_o long_a time_n it_o encounter_v many_o difficulty_n have_v be_v often_o besiege_v and_o twice_o burn_v first_o by_o gryffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhÅ·s_fw-mi and_o afterward_o by_o rhÅ·_n the_o say_v gryffydh_n brother_n at_o which_o time_n henry_n turbervil_n a_o englishman_n relieve_v the_o castle_n and_o cut_v down_o the_o bridge_n but_o the_o wall_n and_o castle_n be_v afterward_o repair_v by_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr clare_n it_o be_v free_v from_o these_o misery_n so_o that_o be_v thus_o secure_v it_o bear_v the_o tempest_n of_o war_n much_o easy_a afterward_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n elder_a son_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n settle_v here_o their_o chancery_n and_o exchequer_n for_o south-wales_n opposite_a to_o this_o city_n
shall_v suppose_v they_o so_o denominate_v because_o some_o of_o they_o be_v not_o at_o present_a direct_o upright_o but_o a_o little_a incline_n it_o may_v be_v such_o as_o take_v these_o circular_a monument_n for_o druid-temple_n may_v imagine_v they_o so_o call_v from_o bow_v as_o have_v be_v place_n of_o worship_n for_o my_o part_n i_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o his_o conjecture_n and_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o near_a capel_n king_n in_o caernarvonshire_n there_o be_v a_o stone_n pitch_v on_o end_n call_v also_o maen_n gŵyr_n which_o perhaps_o be_v the_o only_a stone_n now_o remain_v of_o such_o a_o circular_a monument_n as_o this_o at_o leastwise_o it_o have_v such_o a_o kiss_v vaen_fw-la by_o it_o but_o much_o less_o as_o that_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o monument_n describe_v in_o glamorganshire_n by_o the_o name_n of_o karn_n lhechart_n of_o late_o carmarthen_n have_v give_v the_o title_n of_o marquis_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a thomas_n osborn_n carmarthen_n marquis_n of_o carmarthen_n earl_n of_o danby_n upon_o who_o advancement_n to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o leeds_n the_o honour_n of_o marquis_n of_o carmarthen_n be_v now_o descend_v to_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o heir_n penbrokshire_n the_o sea_n now_o wind_v itself_o to_o the_o south_n and_o by_o a_o vast_a compass_n and_o several_a creek_n render_v the_o shore_n very_o uneven_a encroach_v on_o all_o side_n on_o the_o county_n of_o penbroke_a common_o call_v penbrokshire_n in_o ancient_a record_n the_o legal_a county_n of_o penbroke_a and_o by_o some_o west-wales_n except_o on_o the_o east_n where_o it_o be_v bound_v with_o caermardhinshire_n and_o the_o north_n where_o it_o border_n on_o cardiganshire_n it_o be_v a_o fertile_a country_n for_o corn_n afford_v plenty_n of_o marle_n and_o such_o like_a thing_n to_o fatten_v and_o enrich_v the_o land_n as_o also_o of_o coal_n for_o fuel_n and_o be_v very_o well_o stock_v with_o cattle_n this_o country_n say_v giraldus_n afford_v plenty_n of_o wheat_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o sea-fish_n and_o import_v wine_n and_o which_o exceed_v all_o other_o advantage_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o nearness_n to_o ireland_n enjoy_v a_o wholesome_a air._n first_o on_o the_o southern_a coast_n tenbigh_n â—enâ—â—gh_o â—enâ—â—gh_o a_o neat_a town_n land_n town_n well_o govern_v by_o a_o mayor_n and_o strong_o wall_v towards_o the_o land_n strong_o wall_v behold_v the_o sea_n from_o the_o dry_a shore_n a_o place_n much_o note_v for_o the_o ship_n that_o harbour_v there_o and_o for_o plenty_n of_o fish_n whence_o in_o british_n it_o be_v call_v dinbech_n y_o pyskod_a govern_v by_o a_o mayor_n and_o a_o bailiff_n to_o the_o west_n of_o this_o place_n be_v see_v on_o the_o shore_n the_o ruin_n of_o manobe_a castle_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o call_v by_o giraldus_n pyrrhus_n mansion_n in_o who_o time_n as_o he_o himself_o inform_v we_o it_o be_v adorn_v with_o stately_a tower_n and_o bulwark_n have_v on_o the_o westside_n a_o spacious_a haven_n and_o under_o the_o wall_n to_o the_o north_n and_o northwest_o a_o excellent_a fishpond_n remarkable_a as_o well_o for_o its_o neatness_n as_o the_o depth_n of_o its_o water_n the_o shore_n be_v continue_v some_o few_o mile_n from_o hence_o and_o at_o length_n withdraw_v itself_o the_o sea_n on_o both_o side_n come_v far_o into_o the_o land_n and_o make_v that_o port_n which_o the_o english_a call_v milford-haven_n â—â—â—foâ—d-â—â—â—en_a â—â—â—foâ—d-â—â—â—en_a than_o which_o there_o be_v none_o in_o europe_n either_o more_o spacious_a or_o secure_a so_o many_o creek_n and_o harbour_n have_v it_o on_o all_o side_n and_o to_o use_v the_o poet_n word_n hic_fw-la exarmatum_fw-la terris_fw-la cingentibus_fw-la aequor_fw-la clauditur_fw-la &_o placidam_fw-la discit_fw-la seruare_fw-la quietem_fw-la here_o circle_v bank_n the_o furious_a wind_n control_v and_o peaceful_a wave_n with_o gentle_a murmur_n roll_v for_o it_o contain_v sixteen_o creek_n five_o bay_n and_o thirteen_o road_n distinguish_v by_o their_o several_a name_n nor_o be_v this_o haven_n more_o celebrate_v for_o these_o advantage_n than_o for_o henry_n the_o seven_o of_o happy_a memory_n land_v here_o who_o from_o this_o place_n give_v england_n at_o that_o time_n languish_v with_o civil_a war_n the_o signal_n of_o good_a hope_n at_o the_o innermost_a and_o eastern_a bay_n of_o this_o haven_n etc._n haven_n in_o the_o most_o pleasant_a country_n of_o all_o wales_n stand_v penbroke_a the_o shire-town_n one_o direct_a street_n upon_o a_o long_a narrow_a point_n all_o rock_n and_o a_o fork_a arm_n of_o milford-haven_n ebb_v and_o flow_v close_o to_o the_o town-wall_n on_o both_o side_n it_o have_v a_o castle_n but_o now_o ruinate_v and_o two_o parish_n church_n within_o the_o wall_n and_o be_v incorporate_a of_o a_o mayor_n bailiff_n and_o burgess_n but_o hear_v giraldus_n etc._n etc._n â—â—â—brâ—ke_v â—â—â—brâ—ke_v a_o long_a cape_n say_v giraldus_n extend_v from_o milver-dike_a with_o a_o fork_a head_n show_v the_o principal_a town_n of_o this_o province_n and_o the_o metropolis_n of_o dimetia_n seat_v on_o a_o rocky_a oblong_a promontory_n in_o the_o most_o pleasant_a country_n of_o all_o wales_n call_v by_o the_o britain_n penuro_n which_o signify_v the_o cape_n or_o sea-promontory_n and_o thence_o in_o english_a penbroke_a arnulph_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n brother_n to_o robert_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n build_v this_o castle_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o but_o very_o mean_o with_o stake_n only_o and_o green_a turf_n which_o upon_o his_o return_n afterward_o into_o england_n he_o deliver_v to_o girald_n of_o windsor_n a_o prudent_a man_n his_o constable_n and_o lieutenant_n general_n who_o with_o a_o small_a garrison_n be_v present_o besiege_v therein_o by_o all_o the_o force_n of_o south-wales_n but_o giraldus_n and_o his_o party_n make_v such_o resistance_n though_o more_o with_o courage_n than_o strength_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v without_o success_n afterward_o this_o giraldus_n fortify_v both_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n from_o whence_o he_o annoy_v the_o neighbour_a country_n a_o great_a way_n round_o and_o for_o the_o better_a settlement_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o friend_n in_o this_o country_n he_o marry_v nest_n the_o sister_n of_o prince_n gryffydh_n by_o who_o he_o have_v a_o noble_a offspring_n by_o who_o mean_n say_v giraldus_n who_o be_v descend_v from_o he_o not_o only_o the_o maritime_a part_n of_o south-wales_n be_v retain_v by_o the_o english_a but_o also_o the_o wall_n of_o ireland_n reduce_v ireland_n origin_n of_o the_o girald_n in_o ireland_n for_o all_o those_o noble_a family_n in_o ireland_n call_v girald_n giraldines_n and_o fitzgiralds_a be_v descend_v from_o he_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o this_o castle_n and_o town_n and_o the_o castle_n and_o town_n of_o tinbigh_n servitiorum_fw-la rotulus_n servitiorum_fw-la of_o the_o grange_n of_o king's-wood_n the_o commot_n of_o croytarath_n and_o manor_n of_o castle-martin_n and_o tregoir_n reginald_n grey_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o claim_v the_o honour_n of_o bear_v the_o second_o sword_n but_o all_o in_o vain_a for_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o at_o that_o time_n those_o castle_n and_o farm_n be_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n as_o also_o at_o this_o day_n the_o town_n of_o pembroke_n which_o be_v a_o corporation_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o mayor_n and_o two_o bailiff_n on_o another_o bay_n of_o this_o haven_n we_o find_v carew-castle_n carew-castle_n carew-castle_n which_o give_v both_o name_n and_o original_n to_o the_o illustrious_a family_n of_o carew_n who_o affirm_v themselves_o to_o have_v be_v call_v at_o first_o the_o montgomery_n and_o that_o they_o be_v descend_v from_o that_o arnulph_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n already_o mention_v two_o river_n be_v discharge_v into_o this_o haven_n almost_o in_o the_o same_o channel_n call_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n cledheu_o cledheu_fw-la cledheu_fw-la which_o in_o english_a signify_v a_o sword_n whence_o they_o call_v it_o aber-dau-gledheu_a i.e._n the_o haven_n of_o two_o sword_n hard_o by_o the_o more_o easterly_a of_o they_o stand_v slebach_n once_o a_o commandery_a of_o the_o knight_n of_o st._n john_n of_o jerusalem_n which_o with_o other_o land_n wizo_n and_o his_o son_n walter_n settle_v upon_o that_o holy_a order_n that_o they_o may_v serve_v as_o the_o champion_n of_o christ_n in_o order_n to_o recover_v the_o holy-land_n that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o lie_v beyond_o the_o haven_n and_o be_v water_v only_o with_o these_o two_o river_n be_v call_v by_o the_o britain_n rhos_n a_o name_n derive_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o it_o for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o large_a green_a plain_n this_o part_n be_v inhabit_v by_o flemings_n wales_n flemings_n when_o seat_v in_o wales_n who_o settle_v here_o by_o the_o permission_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o when_o as_o the_o sea_n make_v breach_n in_o their_o fence_n have_v drown_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o low
perform_v this_o for_o three_o year_n he_o desist_v the_o four_o allege_v he_o can_v not_o find_v one_o more_o however_o that_o there_o remain_v some_o long_o after_o be_v manifest_a from_o unquestionable_a record_n the_o inhabitant_n who_o apply_v themselves_o whole_o to_o the_o breed_n of_o cattle_n and_o who_o feed_v on_o milk-meat_n viz._n butter_n cheese_n etc._n etc._n notwithstanding_o that_o strabo_n former_o deride_v our_o britain_n as_o ignorant_a of_o the_o art_n of_o make_v cheese_n be_v scarce_o inferior_a to_o any_o people_n of_o britain_n in_o stature_n clear_a complexion_n comeliness_n and_o due_a proportion_n of_o limb_n but_o have_v a_o ill_a character_n among_o their_o neighbour_n for_o incontinency_n and_o idleness_n it_o have_v but_o few_o town_n on_o the_o east_n where_o dyvy_n run_v kwmmwd_a mowdhwy_n mowdhwy_fw-fr mowdhwy_fw-fr be_v a_o place_n well_o know_v which_o be_v former_o the_o inheritance_n of_o william_n otherwise_o call_v wilkok_n mowdhwy_a a_o young_a son_n of_o grufydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n and_o by_o his_o son_n daughter_n it_o descend_v to_o burgh_n to_o sir_n hugh_n burgh_n hugo_n burgh_n and_o again_o by_o daughter_n of_o that_o house_n to_o the_o honourable_a family_n of_o newport_n leighton_n lingen_n and_o mitton_n where_o the_o river_n gelheu_fw-la river_n dôl_v gelheu_fw-la avon_n run_v more_o westerly_a lie_v dôl_a gelheu_o a_o small_a market-town_n so_o call_v from_o the_o valley_n wherein_o it_o be_v seat_v b_o and_o close_o by_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o small_a country_n of_o ardudwy_n stand_v the_o castle_n of_o arlech_a harlech_n harlech_n call_v heretofore_o kaer_n kolhwyn_n on_o a_o steep_a rock_n which_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n report_n be_v build_v by_o edward_n 1._o and_o take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o situation_n for_o arlech_a in_o the_o british_a signify_v on_o a_o rock_n though_o some_o call_v it_o harlech_n hardh-lech_a harlech_n quasi_fw-la hardh-lech_a and_o interpret_v it_o a_o rock_n pleasant_o situate_v when_o england_n be_v embroil_v d_o in_o civil_a war_n davidh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi jenkin_n ap_fw-mi enion_n a_o british_a nobleman_n who_o side_v with_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n defend_v this_o castle_n stout_o for_o a_o long_a time_n against_o edward_n 4._o until_o william_n until_o sir_n william_n william_n herbert_n earl_n of_o penbâ—oke_n force_v his_o way_n through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o alps_o of_o wales_n though_o a_o very_a toilsome_a journey_n storm_v it_o with_o that_o vigour_n that_o it_o be_v surrender_v into_o his_o hand_n it_o be_v almost_o incredible_a what_o great_a difficulty_n he_o struggle_v with_o in_o this_o troublesome_a journey_n when_o in_o some_o place_n whilst_o he_o ascend_v the_o mountain_n he_o be_v force_v to_o creep_v and_o elsewhere_o in_o descend_v to_o tumble_v down_o in_o a_o manner_n together_o with_o his_o soldier_n whence_o that_o way_n be_v call_v by_o the_o neighbour_n at_o this_o day_n lhé_n herbert_n way_n herbeâ—â—_n way_n c_o high_a up_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o this_o county_n and_o caernarvonshire_n two_o notable_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n encroach_v on_o the_o land_n call_v y_o traeth_n mawr_fw-mi and_o tra_v bychan_o that_o be_v the_o great_a wash_n or_o frith_n and_o the_o lesser_a and_o not_o far_o from_o hence_o near_o a_o small_a village_n call_v festineog_n festâ—â—â—_n festâ—â—â—_n there_o be_v a_o high_a road_n or_o military_a way_n of_o pitch_a stone_n which_o lead_v through_o these_o difficult_a and_o almost_o unpassable_a mountain_n and_o see_v it_o be_v call_v in_o british_a sarn_n helen_n or_o helen_n way_n way_n heleâ—â—_n way_n it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o we_o suppose_v it_o make_v by_o helena_n the_o mother_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a who_o work_n be_v many_o and_o magnificent_a throughout_o the_o roman_a empire_n do_v nor_o be_v kaer_n gai_n i.e._n caius_n castle_n far_o from_o this_o place_n build_v by_o one_o caius_n a_o roman_a of_o who_o the_o common_a people_n of_o that_o neighbourhood_n report_v great_a thing_n and_o scarce_o credible_a in_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o county_n dee_fw-mi the_o â—â—tains_n oâ—_n dee_fw-mi the_o river_n dee_fw-mi spring_v from_o two_o fountain_n whence_o it_o be_v suppose_v it_o derive_v its_o name_n for_o they_o call_v it_o dŵy_v which_o also_o signify_v the_o number_n two_o though_o other_o contend_v it_o take_v the_o name_n from_o the_o word_n duw_fw-we as_o if_o a_o sacred_a river_n meaâ—_n this_o â—iâ—â—_n be_v calâ—â—_n weâ—sh_n dowâ—â—_n sâ—e_v 〈◊〉_d shire_n 〈◊〉_d not_o r_o pimble_n meaâ—_n and_o some_o from_o dû_fw-fr which_o denote_v black_a from_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o water_n this_o river_n after_o a_o very_a short_a course_n pass_v entire_o and_o unmixed_a through_o a_o large_a lake_n call_v lhyn_n tegid_a in_o english_a pimble_a mear_n and_o fish_n and_o crâ—â—_n for_o iâ—_n meâ—_n guiâ—â—â—_n fish_n plenlyn_n mear_n carry_v out_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o water_n it_o bring_v in_o for_o neither_o be_v the_o gwiniad_n e_fw-la which_o be_v a_o fish_n peculiar_a to_o this_o lake_n find_v in_o the_o dee_fw-mi nor_o any_o salmon_n take_v in_o the_o lake_n though_o common_o in_o the_o river_n but_o if_o you_o please_v take_v here_o a_o accurate_a description_n of_o this_o lake_n by_o a_o antiquarian_a poet._n hispida_fw-la qua_fw-la tellus_fw-la mervinia_n respicit_fw-la eurum_fw-la est_fw-la lacus_fw-la antiquo_fw-la penlinum_fw-la nomine_fw-la dictus_fw-la hic_fw-la lacus_fw-la illimeis_fw-la in_fw-la valle_o tegeius_fw-la altâ_fw-la latè_fw-la expandit_fw-la aquas_fw-la &_o vastum_fw-la conficit_fw-la orbem_fw-la excipiens_fw-la gremio_fw-la latices_fw-la qui_fw-la fonte_fw-la perenni_fw-la vicinis_fw-la recidunt_fw-la de_fw-la montibus_fw-la atque_fw-la sonoris_fw-la illecebris_fw-la captas_fw-la demulcent_fw-la suaviter_fw-la aures_fw-la illud_fw-la habet_fw-la certè_fw-la lacus_fw-la admirabile_fw-la dictu_fw-la quantumvis_fw-la magnâ_fw-la pluviâ_fw-la non_fw-la aestuat_fw-la atqui_fw-la aëre_fw-la turbato_fw-la si_fw-la ventus_fw-la murmura_fw-la tollat_fw-la excrescit_fw-la subito_fw-la rapidis_fw-la violentior_fw-la undis_fw-la et_fw-la tumido_fw-la superat_fw-la contemptas_fw-la flumine_fw-la ripas_fw-la where_o eastern_a storm_n disturb_v the_o peaceful_a sky_n in_o merion_v famous_a penlin_n lie_v here_o a_o vast_a lake_n which_o deep_a vale_n surround_v his_o watery_a globe_n roll_z on_o the_o yield_a ground_n increase_v with_o constant_a spring_n that_o gentle_o run_v from_o the_o rough_a hill_n with_o please_a murmur_n down_o this_o wondrous_a property_n the_o water_n boast_v the_o great_a rain_n be_v in_o its_o channel_n lose_v nor_o raise_v the_o flood_n but_o when_o loud_a tempest_n roar_v the_o rise_a wave_n with_o sudden_a rage_n boil_v over_o and_o conquer_a billow_n scorn_v the_o unequal_a shore_n on_o the_o brow_n of_o this_o lake_n lie_v bala_n bala_n bala_n a_o small_a privilege_a town_n have_v but_o few_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o house_n rude_o build_v which_o yet_o be_v the_o chief_a market_n of_o these_o mountaineer_n f_o hugh_n earl_n of_o chester_n be_v the_o first_o norman_n that_o seize_v this_o country_n and_o plant_v garrison_n in_o it_o whilst_o grufydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi coâ—â—_n ap_fw-mi coâ—â—_n kynan_o be_v his_o prisoner_n but_o he_o afterward_o recover_v this_o land_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o principality_n leave_v it_o to_o his_o posterity_n who_o possess_v it_o till_o their_o fatal_a period_n in_o prince_n lhewelyn_n there_o be_v in_o this_o county_n 37_o parish_n addition_n to_o meirionydhshire_n asleep_o this_o country_n as_o giraldus_n observe_v general_o consider_v be_v the_o most_o mountainous_a of_o all_o the_o welsh_a county_n though_o its_o mountain_n be_v not_o the_o high_a those_o of_o snowdon_n in_o caernarvonshire_n exceed_v they_o in_o height_n and_o be_v at_o least_o equal_a to_o they_o in_o rocky_a precipice_n but_o whereas_o giraldus_n call_v it_o the_o rough_a and_o most_o unpleasant_a country_n in_o all_o wales_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v if_o that_o be_v worth_a notice_n that_o for_o the_o please_a prospect_n of_o a_o country_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o standard_n most_o man_n take_v their_o measure_n herein_o either_o from_o the_o place_n of_o their_o own_o nativity_n and_o education_n or_o from_o the_o profit_n they_o suppose_v a_o country_n may_v yield_v but_o if_o as_o some_o hold_v variety_n of_o object_n make_v a_o country_n appear_v delightful_a this_o may_v contend_v with_o most_o as_o afford_v beside_o a_o sea-prospect_n not_o only_o exceed_v high_a mountain_n and_o inaccessible_a rock_n with_o a_o incredible_a number_n of_o river_n cataract_n and_o lake_n but_o also_o variety_n of_o low_a hill_n wood_n and_o plain_n and_o some_o fruitful_a valley_n their_o high_a mountain_n be_v kader_n idris_n be_v voudhwy_fw-fr be_v benlhyn_n arennig_n moelwyn_n mannod_n etc._n etc._n these_o maintain_v innumerable_a herd_n of_o cattle_n sheep_n and_o goat_n and_o be_v in_o regard_n they_o be_v frequent_o feed_v with_o cloud_n and_o rain_v and_o harbour_v much_o snow_n considerable_o more_o fertile_a though_o the_o grass_n be_v coarse_a than_o the_o hill_n and_o ridge_n of_o low_a country_n kader_n
to_o supply_v all_o wales_n it_o be_v also_o at_o this_o time_n very_o rich_a in_o cattle_n multitude_n cattle_n and_o find_v out_o great_a multitude_n and_o afford_v millstone_n in_o some_o place_n also_o a_o kind_n of_o alum-earth_n 166._o alum-earth_n of_o the_o alumen_fw-la plumosum_fw-la or_o amianthus_n find_v at_o a_o plaee_n call_v kâ—ie_a lhywarck_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o lhan-vair_a king_n hornwy_n see_v phil_n trans_fw-la n._n 166._o of_o which_o they_o late_o begin_v to_o make_v alum_n and_o coperas_fw-la but_o the_o project_n not_o succeed_v they_o have_v now_o desist_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d this_o be_v that_o celebrate_a island_n mona_n ancient_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o druid_n attempt_v first_o by_o paulinus_n suetonius_n and_o reduce_v under_o the_o roman_a yoke_n by_o julius_n agricola_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o nero_n this_o paulinus_n suetonius_n as_o we_o read_v in_o tacitus_n prepare_v for_o a_o attempt_n on_o the_o island_n mona_n a_o very_a populous_a country_n and_o a_o receptacle_n of_o deserter_n and_o to_o that_o end_n build_v flat-bottomed_a vessel_n because_o the_o shore_n be_v but_o shallow_a and_o hazardous_a thus_o the_o foot_n pass_v over_o and_o the_o horse_n follow_v either_o at_o a_o ford_n or_o else_o in_o deep_a water_n as_o occasion_n require_v swim_v their_o horse_n on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n stand_v the_o enemy_n army_n well_o provide_v of_o arm_n and_o man_n beside_o woman_n run_v about_o with_o dishevel_a hair_n like_o fury_n in_o a_o mournful_a habit_n bear_v torch_n in_o their_o hand_n about_o the_o army_n stand_v the_o druid_n who_o with_o hand_n lift_v up_o to_o heaven_n pour_v forth_o dreadful_a imprecation_n so_o terrify_v the_o soldier_n with_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o sight_n that_o as_o if_o their_o limb_n have_v be_v benumb_v they_o expose_v their_o body_n like_v so_o many_o stock_n to_o the_o stroke_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o at_o last_o partly_o by_o exhortation_n of_o the_o general_n and_o partly_o by_o encourage_v each_o other_o not_o to_o stand_v amaze_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o distract_a woman_n and_o agmen_fw-la and_o fanaticum_fw-la agmen_fw-la a_o company_n of_o frantic_a people_n they_o advance_v their_o ensign_n and_o trample_v down_o their_o enemy_n thrust_v they_o into_o their_o own_o fire_n they_o be_v thus_o conquer_v a_o garrison_n be_v plant_v there_o and_o their_o grove_n cut_v down_o which_o be_v consecrate_v to_o their_o cruel_a superstition_n for_o they_o hold_v it_o lawful_a to_o sacrifice_v with_o the_o blood_n of_o captive_n and_o by_o inspection_n into_o humane_a entrail_n to_o consult_v their_o go_n but_o while_o these_o thing_n be_v in_o agitation_n a_o sudden_a revolt_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n recall_v he_o from_o this_o enterprise_n afterward_o as_o the_o same_o author_n write_v julius_n agricola_n resolve_v to_o reduce_v the_o island_n mona_n from_o the_o conquest_n whereof_o paulinus_n be_v recall_v as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v by_o a_o general_a rebellion_n in_o britain_n but_o be_v unprovided_a of_o transport_v vessel_n as_o it_o common_o happen_v in_o doubtful_a resolution_n the_o policy_n and_o courage_n of_o the_o general_n find_v new_a mean_n of_o convey_v over_o his_o army_n for_o have_v first_o lay_v down_o their_o baggage_n â—he_v command_v the_o choice_a of_o the_o auxiliary_n to_o who_o the_o ford_n be_v well_o know_v and_o who_o custom_n it_o be_v in_o their_o country_n so_o to_o swim_v as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o guide_v themselves_o and_o their_o arm_n and_o horse_n to_o pass_v over_o the_o channel_n which_o be_v do_v in_o such_o a_o surprise_a manner_n that_o the_o enemy_n who_o expect_v a_o navy_n and_o watch_v the_o sea_n stand_v so_o much_o amaze_v that_o suppose_v nothing_o difficult_a or_o invincible_a to_o man_n of_o such_o resolution_n they_o immediate_o supplicate_v for_o peace_n and_o surrender_v the_o island_n so_o agricola_n become_v famous_a and_o great_a a_o many_o age_n after_o when_o it_o be_v conquer_v by_o the_o english_a it_o take_v up_o their_o name_n be_v call_v former_o by_o the_o saxon_n engles-ea_a and_o now_o anglesey_n which_o signify_v the_o english_a island_n but_o see_v humphrey_n lhwyd_n in_o his_o learned_a epistle_n to_o that_o accomplish_a scholar_n ortelius_n have_v restore_v the_o island_n to_o its_o ancient_a name_n and_o dignity_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a we_o shall_v dwell_v long_o upon_o this_o county_n however_o we_o may_v add_v that_o about_o the_o decline_n of_o the_o roman_a government_n in_o britain_n some_o of_o the_o irish_a nation_n creep_v into_o this_o island_n for_o beside_o certain_a entrench_v bank_n which_o they_o call_v irish_a cottage_n there_o be_v another_o place_n well_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o yn_n hericy_n gwidil_n from_o some_o irish_a who_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o sirigi_n overcome_v the_o britain_n there_o as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o book_n of_o triade_n b_o nor_o be_v it_o afterward_o harassed_a by_o the_o english_a only_o marianus_n marianus_n but_o also_o by_o the_o norwegian_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1000_o a_o navy_n of_o king_n aethelred_n sail_v round_o the_o island_n waste_v and_o consume_v it_o in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n c_o afterward_o two_o norman_n of_o the_o name_n of_o hugh_n the_o one_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o the_o other_o of_o salop_n oppress_v it_o and_o to_o restrain_v the_o inhabitant_n build_v the_o castle_n of_o aber_n lhienawg_fw-mi but_o magnus_n the_o norwegian_a come_v thither_o at_o the_o same_o time_n etc._n time_n shoot_v the_o say_a hugh_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n etc._n etc._n shot_n hugh_n earl_n of_o chester_n through_o the_o body_n with_o a_o arrow_n and_o pillage_n the_o island_n depart_v the_o english_a have_v afterward_o often_o attempt_v it_o at_o last_o bring_v it_o under_o their_o subjection_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o it_o contain_v former_o 363_o village_n and_o be_v a_o very_a populous_a country_n at_o this_o time_n the_o chief_a town_n be_v beaumaris_n beaumaris_n beaumaris_n build_v in_o the_o east_n part_n of_o it_o in_o a_o moorish_a place_n by_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o beau_n marish_a from_o its_o situation_n whereas_o the_o place_n before_o be_v call_v name_n call_v this_o wherever_o our_o author_n find_v it_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o british_a name_n bonover_n he_o also_o fortify_v it_o with_o a_o castle_n which_o yet_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v ever_o finish_v the_o present_a governor_n whereof_o be_v the_o right_n worshipful_a sir_n richard_n bulkley_n knight_n who_o civility_n towards_o i_o when_o i_o survey_v these_o county_n i_o must_v always_o grateful_o acknowledge_v not_o far_o from_o hence_o lie_v lhan_n vâe_v vâe_v lhan_n vâe_v a_o famous_a cloister_n heretofore_o of_o the_o friar_n minor_n to_o which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v bountiful_a patron_n as_o well_o on_o account_n of_o the_o devoutness_n and_o exemplary_a life_n of_o the_o friar_n who_o dwell_v there_o as_o that_o i_o may_v speak_v out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o record_n because_o there_o be_v bury_v at_o that_o place_n a_o daughter_n of_o king_n john_n â—â—_o 2_o paâ—lâ—t_n ann._n 2_o li_n â—â—_o a_o son_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n the_o body_n of_o the_o lord_n clifford_n and_o of_o other_o lord_n knight_n and_o esquire_n who_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o war_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o illustrious_a king_n of_o england_n the_o town_n of_o newburgh_n newbâ—rgâ—_n newbâ—rgâ—_n in_o british_a rhosîr_n do_v be_v esteem_v next_o best_o to_o beaumarish_n distant_a from_o it_o about_o twelve_o mile_n westward_o which_o have_v struggle_v along_o time_n with_o the_o heap_n of_o sand_n cast_v against_o it_o by_o the_o sea_n have_v now_o lose_v much_o of_o its_o former_a splendour_n abèr-fraw_a abèr-fraâ—_a abèr-fraâ—_a not_o far_o from_o thence_o though_o at_o present_a but_o a_o mean_a place_n waâ—_n yet_o heretofore_o of_o much_o great_a repute_n than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n as_o be_v the_o royal_a seat_n of_o the_o king_n of_o gwynedh_n or_o north-wales_n who_o be_v thence_o also_o style_v king_n of_o abèr-fraw_a near_o the_o western_a cape_n of_o this_o island_n which_o we_o call_v holy-head_n heâ—d_n holy_a heâ—d_n there_o be_v a_o small_a village_n call_v in_o welsh_a kaer_n gybi_n which_o receive_v its_o name_n from_o kybi_n a_o devout_a man_n and_o disciple_n of_o st._n hilary_n of_o poitiers_n who_o lead_v here_o a_o religious_a life_n from_o whence_o there_o be_v a_o common_a passage_n into_o ireland_n e_fw-la isle_n of_o the_o island_n adjoin_v 〈◊〉_d aâ—gleâ—â—â—_n see_v anâ—_n 〈◊〉_d the_o bâ—â—â—_n isle_n the_o other_o place_n of_o this_o island_n be_v well_o plant_v with_o village_n which_o see_v they_o afford_v little_a worth_n our_o notice_n i_o shall_v now_o pass_v over_o into_o the_o continent_n and_o take_v a_o view_n of_o denbighshire_n there_o be_v in_o this_o island_n
former_o a_o little_a monastery_n z_o and_o to_o bethmesley_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o famous_a family_n of_o claphams_n of_o which_o be_v j._n clapham_n a_o famous_a soldier_n in_o the_o war_n between_o york_n and_o lancaster_n hence_o it_o pass_v by_o ilekely_a â—â—â—y_v â—â—a_fw-la â—â—â—y_v which_o i_o imagine_v to_o be_v the_o olicana_n in_o ptolemy_n both_o from_o its_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o york_n and_o the_o resemblance_n of_o the_o two_o name_n it_o be_v without_o question_n a_o ancient_a town_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v those_o engrave_v roman_a pillar_n lie_v now_o in_o the_o churchyard_n and_o elsewhere_o it_o be_v rebuilt_a in_o severus_n time_n by_o 〈◊〉_d â—â—â—â—oned_a â—â—â—an_n 〈◊〉_d ceâ—â—â—_n &_o â—â—ar_n 〈◊〉_d virius_n lupus_n legate_n and_o propraetor_n of_o britain_n as_o we_o be_v inform_v by_o a_o inscription_n late_o dig_v up_o near_o the_o church_n in_o severus_n aug._n et_fw-la antoninus_fw-la caes._n destinatus_n restitverunt_fw-la cv_o rante_n virio_n lupo_n prâ—â—â—â—_n â—â—gato_fw-la 〈◊〉_d prâ—â—â—â—_n leg_n eorum_n ‖_o pr._n pr._n that_o the_o second_o cohort_n of_o the_o lingones_n quarter_v here_o be_v likewise_o show_v we_o by_o a_o old_a altar_n i_o have_v see_v there_o now_o put_v under_o a_o pair_n of_o stair_n and_o inscribe_v by_o the_o â—â—â—â—ct_n â—â—â—â—ct_n captain_n of_o the_o second_o cohort_n of_o the_o lingones_n to_o verbeia_n perhaps_o the_o nymph_n or_o goddess_n of_o the_o wherf_n the_o river_n call_v verbeia_n i_o suppose_v from_o the_o likeness_n of_o the_o two_o word_n verbeiae_n sacrum_fw-la nympha_fw-la verbeia_n fl_fw-mi vel_fw-la nympha_fw-la clodius_n fronto_n praef_n coh_n two_o lingon_n for_o river_n say_v gildas_n in_o that_o age_n have_v divine_a honour_n pay_v they_o by_o the_o ignorant_a britain_n 41._o epist_n 41._o and_o seneca_n tell_v we_o of_o altar_n dedicate_v to_o they_o we_o worship_v the_o head_n of_o great_a river_n and_o we_o raise_v altar_n to_o their_o first_o spring_n and_o servius_n say_v that_o every_o river_n be_v preside_v by_o some_o nymph_n or_o other_o in_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o church_n there_o be_v this_o other_o imperfect_a inscription_n rum_fw-la caes._n aug._n antonini_n et_fw-la very_fw-la jovi_fw-la dilecti_fw-la caecilius_n praef_n coh_n aa_n i_o find_v nothing_o in_o my_o search_n up_o and_o down_o the_o church_n for_o piece_n of_o roman_a antiquity_n but_o the_o portraiture_n of_o sir_n adam_n middleton_n arm_v and_o cut_v out_o in_o stone_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v live_v in_o edward_n the_o 1.'s_n reign_n his_o posterity_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o neighbourhood_n at_o a_o place_n call_v stubham_n bb_n somewhat_o low_a stand_v oteley_n oteley_n oteley_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n memorable_a for_o nothing_o but_o its_o situation_n under_o a_o huge_a craggy_a cliff_n call_v chevin_n chevin_n chevin_n for_o the_o ridge_n of_o a_o mountain_n be_v in_o british_a chevin_n signify_v chevin_n what_o it_o signify_v and_o so_o that_o long_a ridge_n of_o mountain_n in_o france_n which_o former_o use_v the_o same_o language_n with_o our_o britain_n be_v call_v gevenna_n gevenna_n gevenna_n and_o gebenna_n from_o hence_o the_o river_n flow_v in_o a_o channel_n bank_v on_o both_o side_n with_o limestone_n by_o harewood_n harewood_n harewood_n where_o stand_v a_o neat_a and_o strong_a castle_n which_o have_v always_o change_v its_o master_n as_o the_o time_n turn_v it_o be_v former_o the_o curcy_n but_o go_v from_o they_o with_o alice_z the_o heiress_n of_o that_o family_n to_o warren_n fitzgerold_a who_o marry_v she_o 1._o placit_fw-la 1._o joan._n rot._n 10._o in_o d._n monstr_n le_fw-fr droit_fw-fr 35_o ed._n 1._o and_o have_v issue_n margery_n who_o be_v one_o of_o his_o heir_n and_o a_o great_a fortune_n be_v first_o marry_v to_o baldwin_n de_fw-fr ripariis_fw-la son_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o devonshire_n who_o die_v before_o his_o father_n and_o then_o by_o king_n john_n mean_n to_o falcatius_n de_fw-fr brent_n a_o favourite_n upon_o account_n of_o his_o great_a service_n in_o pillage_n afterward_o isabel_n de_fw-fr ripariis_fw-la countess_n of_o devonshire_n die_v without_o issue_n this_o castle_n fall_v to_o robert_n de_fw-fr lisle_n the_o son_n of_o warren_n as_o a_o relation_n lisle_n lord_n de_fw-fr insula_n or_o lisle_n and_o one_o of_o her_o heir_n at_o last_o by_o those_o of_o aldborough_n it_o come_v to_o the_o rither_v as_o i_o learn_v from_o fr._n thinn_n who_o with_o great_a judgement_n and_o diligence_n have_v long_o study_v the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o kingdom_n cc_o nor_o must_v i_o forget_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o place_n just_a by_o call_v gawthorp_n remarkable_a for_o that_o ancient_a and_o virtuous_a family_n the_o gascoign_n gascoign_n gascoign_n descend_v very_o probable_o from_o gascoigne_n in_o france_n hence_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n wherf_n be_v by_o wetherby_n wetherby_n wetherby_n a_o notable_a trade_n town_n which_o have_v no_o remains_o of_o antiquity_n but_o only_o a_o place_n under_o it_o call_v helensford_n where_o a_o roman_a military_a way_n have_v lie_v through_o the_o river_n dd_v then_o by_o tadcaster_n tadcaster_n tadcaster_n a_o very_a small_a town_n which_o yet_o i_o can_v but_o think_v be_v the_o same_o with_o calcaria_n calcaria_n calcaria_n both_o from_o the_o distance_n name_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o mr._n robert_n martial_n of_o rickerton_n a_o person_n of_o excellent_a judgement_n for_o it_o be_v just_a nine_o italian_a mile_n from_o york_n which_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o calcaria_n from_o it_o in_o antoninus_n and_o limestone_n which_o be_v the_o main_a ingredient_n in_o mortar_n be_v not_o where_o to_o be_v find_v all_o about_o but_o plentiful_o here_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v convey_v to_o york_n and_o all_o the_o country_n round_o for_o the_o use_n of_o building_n this_o limestone_n be_v call_v by_o the_o britain_n the_o saxon_n and_o the_o northern_a english_a after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o latin_n calc_n for_o that_o imperious_a city_n not_o only_o impose_v her_o law_n upon_o those_o she_o have_v subdue_v dei_fw-la câ—lcarienses_n de_fw-fr decurâ—onibus_fw-la l._n 27._o roman_a language_n in_o the_o province_n augustin_n l._n 9_o de_fw-la civet_fw-la dei_fw-la but_o her_o language_n too_o and_o calcarienses_n in_o the_o theodosian_a code_n be_v use_v to_o denote_v they_o who_o burn_v this_o limestone_n from_o whence_o one_o may_v not_o improbable_o infer_v that_o this_o town_n have_v the_o name_n calcaria_n from_o the_o limestone_n find_v there_o like_o the_o city_n chalcis_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d brass_n ammon_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sand_n pteleon_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d elm_n and_o perhaps_o the_o city_n calcaria_n in_o clive_n from_o the_o word_n calx_fw-la especial_o consider_v that_o bede_n call_v it_o calca-c_a who_o tell_v we_o far_o that_o k_n heina_n the_o first_o woman_n of_o this_o country_n that_o turn_v nun_n come_v to_o this_o city_n and_o live_v in_o it_o again_o here_o be_v by_o the_o town_n a_o hill_n call_v kelcbar_n which_o still_o retain_v something_o of_o the_o old_a name_n for_o other_o proof_n of_o antiquity_n not_o to_o mention_v its_o situation_n near_o a_o roman_a consular_a way_n there_o be_v many_o coin_n of_o roman_a emperor_n dig_v up_o in_o it_o the_o mark_n of_o a_o trench_n quite_o round_o the_o town_n and_o the_o platform_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n still_o remain_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o which_o a_o bridge_n be_v make_v over_o the_o wherf_n not_o many_o year_n ago_o not_o far_o from_o this_o bridge_n the_o wherf_n glide_v gentle_o into_o the_o ouse_n and_o real_o consider_v the_o many_o current_n that_o fall_v into_o it_o this_o so_o shallow_a and_o easy_a stream_n from_o the_o bridge_n be_v very_o strange_a and_o may_v well_o give_v occasion_n to_o what_o a_o certain_a gentleman_n that_o pass_v it_o in_o the_o summertime_n say_v of_o it_o edes_n itinerary_n of_o t._n edes_n nil_fw-la tadcaster_n habet_fw-la musis_fw-la vel_fw-la carmine_fw-la dignum_fw-la praeter_fw-la magnificè_fw-la structum_fw-la sine_fw-la flumine_fw-la pontâ—m_fw-la nothing_o in_o tadcaster_n deserve_v a_o name_n but_o the_o fair_a bridge_n that_o be_v build_v without_o a_o stream_n yet_o if_o he_o have_v travel_v this_o way_n in_o winter_n he_o will_v have_v think_v the_o bridge_n little_a enough_o for_o the_o river_n for_o as_o natural_a philosopher_n know_v very_o well_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o spring_n and_o river_n ever_o depend_v upon_o the_o inward_a or_o outward_a heat_n and_o cold_a lutum_fw-la cold_a whereupon_o in_o his_o return_n he_o find_v here_o dirt_n for_o dust_n and_o full_a current_a water_n under_o the_o bridge_n recant_v with_o these_o verse_n quae_fw-la tadcaster_n erat_fw-la sine_fw-la flumine_fw-la pulvere_fw-la plena_fw-la nunc_fw-la habet_fw-la immensum_fw-la fluvium_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la pulvere_fw-la lutum_fw-la ee_fw-mi river_n nid_v
dedicate_v his_o book_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a history_n of_o england_n and_o who_o afterward_o hoveden_n rog._n hoveden_n renounce_v the_o world_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o habit_n of_o a_o monk_n in_o the_o church_n of_o lindisfern_n and_o list_v himself_o a_o soldier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n his_o body_n be_v afterward_o translate_v to_o the_o church_n of_o northam_n when_o also_o the_o dane_n have_v miserable_o waste_v the_o holy_a issand_n wherein_o s._n cuthbert_n so_o much_o magnify_v by_o bede_n be_v bishop_n and_o lay_v bury_v some_o endeavour_v by_o a_o religious_a stealth_n to_o convey_v his_o body_n beyond_o sea_n but_o the_o wind_n stand_v contrary_a they_o with_o all_o due_a reverence_n deposit_v the_o sacred_a body_n at_o 1._o at_o the_o print_a book_n have_v corrupt_o bulbeford_n will._n malmesb_n de_fw-fr gest_n pont._n lib._n 1._o ubbanford_n whether_o a_o bishop_n see_v or_o no_o be_v uncertain_a near_o the_o river_n twede_o where_o it_o lay_v for_o many_o year_n till_o the_o come_n of_o king_n ethelred_n this_o and_o other_o matter_n be_v teach_v i_o for_o i_o shall_v always_o own_o my_o instructor_n by_o george_n carlton_n bear_v at_o this_o place_n be_v son_n to_o the_o keeper_n of_o norham-castle_n who_o for_o his_o excellent_a proficiency_n in_o divinity_n whereof_o he_o be_v professor_n and_o other_o polite_a learning_n i_o love_v and_o be_o love_v by_o he_o and_o i_o be_v unworthy_a of_o that_o love_n if_o i_o shall_v not_o acknowledge_v his_o friendship_n the_o old_a people_n tell_v we_o that_o at_o killey_n killay_n killay_n a_o little_a neighbour_a village_n below_o norham_n be_v find_v within_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o grandfather_n the_o studd_n of_o a_o knight_n belt_n hilt_n a_o golden_a hilt_n and_o the_o hilt_n of_o a_o sword_n of_o massy_a gold_n which_o be_v present_v to_o t._n ruthall_n bishop_n of_o durham_n a_o little_a lower_v you_o have_v the_o mouth_n of_o twede_n on_o the_o far_a bank_n whereof_o stand_v berwick_n berwick_n berwick_n the_o last_o town_n in_o england_n and_o best_a fortify_v in_o all_o britain_n hh_v some_o derive_v the_o name_n of_o this_o town_n from_o one_o berengarius_fw-la a_o romantic_a duke_n leland_n fetch_v it_o from_o aber_n the_o british_a word_n for_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o river_n and_o so_o make_v aberwick_n to_o signify_v a_o fort_n build_v upon_o such_o a_o mouth_n but_o they_o will_v best_o understand_v the_o true_a etymology_n of_o it_o who_o know_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n berwicus_fw-la in_o the_o charter_n of_o our_o king_n manor_n ingulphus_n render_v berwicus_fw-la a_o manor_n wherein_o nothing_o more_o common_a than_o i_o give_v the_o township_n of_o c._n and_o d._n cum_fw-la suis_fw-la berwicis_fw-la two_o for_o my_o part_n what_o it_o shall_v mean_v i_o know_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v a_o hamlet_n or_o some_o such_o dependency_n upon_o a_o place_n of_o better_a note_n for_o in_o the_o grant_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n totthill_n be_v call_v the_o berwicus_fw-la of_o westminster_n wandlesworth_n the_o berwicus_fw-la of_o patricksey_a and_o a_o thousand_o of_o the_o like_a but_o why_o all_o this_o pain_n it_o be_v lose_v labour_n if_o as_o some_o maintain_v the_o saxon_n call_v it_o ancient_o beornica-ƿic_a that_o be_v the_o town_n of_o the_o bernician_o for_o that_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v call_v bernicia_n we_o have_v already_o note_v and_o the_o thing_n be_v too_o well_o know_v to_o be_v here_o repeat_v but_o whence_o ever_o it_o have_v its_o name_n its_o situation_n carry_v it_o a_o good_a way_n into_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o that_o and_o the_o twede_n almost_o encircle_v it_o be_v seat_v betwixt_o two_o mighty_a kingdom_n as_o pliny_n observe_v of_o palmyra_n in_o syria_n it_o have_v always_o be_v the_o first_o place_n that_o both_o nation_n in_o their_o war_n have_v have_v a_o eye_n on_o insomuch_o that_o ever_o since_o edward_n the_o first_o wring_v it_o out_o of_o the_o scotch_a hand_n the_o english_a have_v as_o often_o retake_v it_o as_o the_o scot_n have_v venture_v to_o seize_v it_o but_o if_o the_o reader_n please_v we_o will_v here_o give_v he_o a_o summary_n abstract_n of_o its_o history_n the_o old_a account_n i_o find_v of_o berwick_n be_v that_o william_n king_n of_o scot_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o the_o english_a pawn_v it_o for_o his_o ransom_n to_o our_o henry_n the_o second_o redeemable_a only_o within_o such_o a_o time_n kk_o whereupon_o say_v the_o polychronicon_n of_o durham_n henry_n immediate_o fortify_v it_o with_o a_o castle_n but_o richard_n the_o first_o restore_v it_o to_o the_o scot_n upon_o their_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n afterward_o king_n john_n as_o the_o history_n of_o melross_n report_v take_v the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o berwick_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o he_o burn_v werk_n roxburgh_n mitford_n and_o morpath_n and_o with_o his_o rutar_n waste_v all_o northumberland_n because_o the_o baron_n of_o that_o county_n have_v do_v homage_n to_o alexander_n king_n of_o scot_n at_o feltun_n a_o great_a many_o year_n after_o this_o when_o john_n balliol_n king_n of_o scotland_n have_v break_v his_o oath_n edward_n the_o first_o reduce_v berwick_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1297._o but_o soon_o after_o the_o fortune_n of_o war_n favour_v the_o scot_n our_o man_n quit_v it_o and_o they_o seize_v it_o but_o the_o english_a forthwith_o have_v it_o surrender_v to_o they_o again_o afterward_o in_o the_o loose_a reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o peter_z spalding_n surrender_v it_o to_o robert_n brus_n king_n of_o scot_n who_o warm_o besiege_v it_o and_o the_o english_a vain_o attempt_v its_o recovery_n till_o our_o hector_n edward_z the_o three_o brave_o carry_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1333._o in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o some_o scottish_a moss-troopers_a surprise_v the_o castle_n which_o within_o nine_o day_n be_v recover_v by_o henry_n percy_n earl_n of_o northumberland_n within_o seven_o year_n after_o this_o the_o scot_n regain_v it_o but_o by_o purchase_n not_o by_o their_o valour_n whereupon_o the_o say_v henry_n percy_n be_v then_o governor_n of_o the_o town_n be_v accuse_v of_o high-treason_n but_o he_o also_o corrupt_v the_o scot_n with_o money_n and_o so_o get_v it_o again_o a_o long_a time_n after_o this_o when_o england_n be_v almost_o spend_v in_o civil_a war_n henry_n the_o six_o be_v already_o flee_v into_o scotland_n deliver_v it_o up_o to_o the_o king_n of_o scot_n the_o better_a to_o secure_v himself_o in_o that_o kingdom_n two_o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o thomas_n stanley_n with_o a_o great_a loss_n of_o man_n reduce_v it_o to_o the_o obedience_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o since_o which_o time_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v several_a time_n fortify_v it_o with_o new_a work_n but_o especial_o queen_n elizabeth_n who_o late_o to_o the_o terror_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o security_n of_o the_o burgher_n have_v draw_v it_o into_o a_o less_o compass_n than_o before_o and_o surround_v it_o with_o a_o high_a stone_n wall_n of_o firm_a ashler_n work_n which_o be_v again_o strengthen_v with_o a_o deep_a ditch_n bastion_n and_o counterscarp_n so_o that_o its_o fortification_n be_v so_o strong_a and_o regular_a that_o no_o besieger_n can_v hope_v to_o carry_v it_o hereafter_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o valour_n of_o the_o garrison_n and_o the_o surprise_v plenty_n of_o ammunition_n and_o all_o warlike_a store_n be_v it_o also_o remember_v that_o the_o governor_n of_o this_o place_n be_v always_o a_o person_n of_o the_o great_a wisdom_n and_o eminence_n among_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o be_v also_o warden_n of_o these_o eastern_a march_n the_o mathematician_n have_v place_v this_o town_n in_o 21_o degree_n and_o 43_o minute_n of_o longitude_n and_o in_o 55_o and_o 48_o of_o northern_a latitude_n so_o that_o the_o long_a day_n in_o this_o climate_n consist_v of_o seventeen_o hour_n and_o 22_o minute_n and_o its_o night_n have_v only_o six_o hour_n and_o 38_o minute_n day_n brita_n have_v 〈◊〉_d of_o day_n so_o true_o have_v servius_n honoratus_n write_v of_o this_o country_n britain_n say_v he_o have_v such_o plenty_n of_o day_n that_o she_o have_v hardly_o any_o room_n for_o night_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o wonder_n that_o the_o soldier_n of_o this_o garrison_n be_v able_a to_o play_v all_o night_n at_o die_n without_o a_o candle_n if_o we_o consider_v their_o thorough_a twilight_n and_o the_o truth_n of_o juvenal_n expression_n minimâ_fw-la contentos_fw-la nocte_fw-la britannos_fw-la britain_n with_o short_a night_n content_a take_v at_o part_v j._n jonston_n verse_n upon_o berwick_n scotorum_fw-la extremo_fw-la sub_fw-la limit_fw-la meta_fw-la furoris_fw-la saxonidum_fw-la gentis_fw-la par_fw-fr utriusque_fw-la labour_n mille_fw-fr vice_n rerum_fw-la quae_fw-la mille_fw-la est_fw-la passa_fw-la ruinas_fw-la mirum_fw-la quî_fw-la potuit_fw-la tot_fw-la superesse_fw-la
the_o south_n the_o irish_a sea_n upon_o the_o west_n the_o frith_n of_o clyde_n upon_o the_o north_n carick_n and_o kyle_n and_o to_o the_o north-east_n the_o river_n of_o nith_n it_o be_v in_o length_n from_o north-east_n to_o south-west_n about_o seventy_o mile_n in_o breadth_n from_o north_n to_o south_n in_o some_o place_n 24_o in_o other_o 20._o and_o in_o other_o only_a sixteen_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o high_a and_o low_a country_n the_o high_a lie_n between_o the_o water_n of_o cree_n and_o the_o point_n or_o mule_n make_v the_o sheriffdom_n the_o low_a take_v up_o the_o rest_n namely_o all_o upon_o the_o water_n of_o cree_n make_v the_o stewardry_n of_o kilcumbright_n the_o plenty_n of_o pasture_n induce_v they_o to_o keep_v vast_a flock_n of_o sheep_n as_o also_o of_o cow_n which_o they_o send_v into_o england_n in_o great_a number_n when_o there_o be_v no_o prohibition_n b_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o novantes_fw-la be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o sheriffdom_n of_o aire_n so_o call_v from_o the_o town_n of_o air_n the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n though_o the_o north_n part_n of_o this_o tract_n seem_v rather_o to_o have_v belong_v to_o the_o damnii_n the_o country_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n by_o the_o shire_n of_o rainfrew_n on_o the_o south_n with_o galloway_n on_o the_o east_n with_o clidsdale_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o frith_n of_o clyde_n it_o general_o produce_v good_a store_n of_o corn_n and_o grass_n be_v very_o populous_a and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o it_o be_v exceed_o industrious_a it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o baileries_n carick_n kyle_n and_o cunningham_n the_o most_o considedrable_a loch_n in_o it_o be_v that_o of_o dun_n six_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o two_o in_o breadth_n with_o a_o isle_n in_o it_o upon_o which_o be_v a_o old_a house_n call_v castle-dun_n upon_o the_o water_n down_o be_v a_o bridge_n of_o one_o arch_n ninety_o foot_n long_o but_o the_o most_o note_a place_n in_o these_o part_n be_v air_n the_o chief_a market-town_n in_o the_o west_n of_o scotland_n scot._n theatr._fw-la scot._n *_o it_o be_v situation_n be_v in_o a_o sandy_a plain_n yet_o have_v it_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a field_n with_o green_n which_o afford_v a_o good_a prospect_n both_o winter_n and_o summer_n the_o church_n be_v stately_a enough_o and_o there_o be_v a_o bridge_n of_o four_o arch_n which_o join_v it_o to_o the_o new-town_n seat_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o water_n the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o air_n be_v st._n john_n town_n but_o that_o be_v now_o lose_v by_o the_o king_n patent_n it_o be_v the_o sheriff_n seat_n have_v within_o its_o jurisdiction_n thirty_o two_o mile_n a_o mile_n north_n of_o the_o town_n not_o far_o from_o the_o seashore_n there_o be_v a_o lazer-house_n common_o call_v the_o king_n chapel_n which_o king_n robert_n de_fw-fr brus_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o leper_n damnii_n beyond_o the_o novantes_fw-la along_o the_o river_n glotta_n and_o cluyde_n and_o far_o up_o even_o to_o the_o very_a eastern_a sea_n dwell_v the_o damnii_n and_o if_o i_o have_v any_o judgement_n for_o who_o can_v give_v the_o certainty_n of_o thing_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n and_o in_o so_o much_o obscurity_n in_o cluydesdale_n the_o barony_n of_o renfraw_n lenox_n sterling_n menteith_n and_z fife_z clvydesdale_n near_o the_o head_n of_o the_o cluyde_n cluydesdale_n cluydesdale_n in_o crawford-moor_n among_o the_o waste_n certain_a husbandman_n of_o the_o country_n after_o violent_a rain_n happen_v to_o find_v a_o sort_n of_o shave_n of_o gold_n which_o have_v long_o give_v great_a hope_n of_o much_o riches_n more_o especial_o in_o our_o time_n since_o b._n bulmer_n have_v undertake_v with_o great_a application_n to_o find_v out_o a_o mine_n of_o gold_n i_o a_o gold_n i_o they_o certain_o dig_v up_o daily_o azurum_fw-la daily_o azurum_fw-la the_o lapis_fw-la lazuli_fw-la with_o little_a or_o no_o labour_n crawford-castle_n together_o with_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o crawford_n crawford_n the_o lindsay_n earl_n of_o crawford_n be_v confer_v by_o k._n robert_n the_o 2._o on_o james_n lindesay_n who_o in_o a_o single_a combat_n with_o baron_n welles_n a_o englishman_n get_v much_o commendation_n for_o his_o valour_n the_o lindsay_n have_v general_o deserve_v well_o of_o their_o country_n and_o be_v of_o ancient_a nobility_n ever_o since_o william_n lindesay_n marry_v one_o of_o the_o heir_n of_o william_n de_fw-fr lancaster_n lord_n of_o kendal_n in_o england_n who_o great_a granddaughter_n be_v marry_v into_o the_o honourable_a family_n of_o coucy_n in_o france_n the_o cluyd_v after_o with_o much_o struggle_a it_o have_v force_v its_o way_n northward_o by_o the_o seat_n of_o baron_n somervill_n somervill_n baron_fw-fr somervill_n receive_v from_o the_o west_n the_o river_n douglas_n or_o douglas_n so_o call_v of_o its_o dark_a greenish_a water_n this_o river_n give_v name_n to_o the_o valley_n through_o which_o it_o run_v call_v douglasdale_n and_o to_o the_o castle_n therein_o which_o give_v its_o name_n to_o the_o family_n of_o douglass_n this_o family_n be_v very_o ancient_a but_o have_v be_v most_o eminent_a ever_o since_o james_n douglas_n duglass_n douglass_n or_o duglass_n stick_v always_o very_o close_o to_o king_n robert_n brus_n and_o be_v ever_o ready_a with_o extraordinary_a courage_n and_o singular_a prudence_n to_o assist_v he_o while_o he_o claim_v the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o troublesome_a time_n to_o he_o it_o be_v that_o the_o same_o robert_n give_v his_o heart_n in_o charge_n to_o be_v convey_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o his_o vow_n in_o memory_n whereof_o the_o douglass_n douglass_n the_o douglass_n have_v insert_v a_o man_n heart_n in_o their_o coat_n of_o arms._n since_o when_o this_o family_n have_v grow_v up_o to_o such_o mighty_a power_n and_o greatness_n especial_o after_o william_n be_v create_v earl_n of_o douglass_n by_o david_n the_o 2._o that_o they_o have_v awe_v even_o the_o king_n themselves_o for_o almost_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o have_v six_o earl_n of_o it_o viz._n of_o this_o douglas_n of_o angus_z ormond_n wigton_n murray_n and_o of_o morton_n among_o who_o the_o earl_n of_o wigton_n for_o his_o martial_a valour_n and_o in_o requital_n of_o his_o good_a service_n be_v honour_v by_o k._n charles_n the_o 7._o of_o france_n with_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o tourain_n touraâ—â—_n duke_n tours_n touraâ—â—_n and_o leave_v the_o same_o to_o two_o earl_n of_o douglass_n his_o heir_n above_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o douglas_n and_o the_o cluyde_n lie_v lanerick_n laneriâ—â—_n sheriffdom_o oâ—_n laneriâ—â—_n the_o hereditary_a sheriffdom_n of_o the_o hamilton_n who_o owe_v their_o name_n to_o hamilton-castle_n seat_v somewhat_o high_o upon_o the_o cluyd_n bank_n in_o a_o place_n extreme_o pleasant_a and_o fertile_a †_o hâ—milton_n †_o see_v 〈◊〉_d of_o it_o inâ—â—_n additâ—â—â—_n the_o hâ—milton_n but_o their_o original_n be_v from_o england_n as_o they_o give_v out_o from_o a_o certain_a englishman_n surname_v hampton_n who_o take_v part_n with_o robert_n brus_n receive_v from_o he_o large_a possession_n in_o this_o tract_n their_o estate_n be_v much_o augment_v by_o king_n james_n the_o 3d_n liberality_n who_o give_v his_o own_o elder_a sister_n after_o he_o have_v take_v she_o from_o boid_n in_o marriage_n to_o james_n hamilton_n together_o with_o the_o earldom_n of_o arran_n but_o their_o honour_n by_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n james_n 5._o ordain_v james_n hamilton_n this_o lord_n grandson_n regent_n of_o scotland_n who_o be_v likewise_o make_v duke_n of_o chasteau-heralt_n heralâ—_n duke_n 〈◊〉_d chastâ—â—â—_n heralâ—_n in_o poictou_n by_o henry_n the_o 2._o king_n of_o france_n as_o also_o by_o k._n james_n 6._o who_o create_v his_o son_n john_n marquis_n of_o hamilton_n hamilâ—â—â—_n marquâ—â—â—_n hamilâ—â—â—_n a_o title_n new_a and_o never_o use_v before_o in_o scotland_n the_o glotta_n or_o cluyd_v run_v from_o hence_o by_o bothwell_n bothwâ—â—â—_n earl_n bothwâ—â—â—_n proud_a of_o its_o earl_n viz._n john_n ramsey_n too_o great_a a_o creature_n of_o k._n james_n the_o 3d_n to_o his_o own_o and_o the_o prince_n ruin_n and_o the_o hepburns_n of_o who_o before_o then_o it_o run_v straight_o through_o glasgow_n glascoâ—_n glascoâ—_n ancient_o a_o bishop_n see_v but_o long_o discontinue_v till_o restore_v by_o k._n william_n now_o a_o archbishopric_n and_o a_o university_n 1154._o anno_fw-la 1154._o found_v by_o bishop_n turnbull_n who_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o religion_n build_v a_o college_n here_o it_o be_v the_o most_o celebrate_a mart_n of_o this_o tract_n much_o commend_v for_o its_o pleasant_a situation_n and_o plenty_n of_o fruit_n have_v also_o a_o handsome_a bridge_n support_v with_o eight_o arch_n tradition_n arch_n see_v the_o tradition_n of_o which_o thus_o j._n johnson_n non_fw-fr te_fw-fr pontificum_fw
of_o the_o british_a sea_n we_o be_v assure_v by_o pomponius_n mela_n who_o be_v himself_o a_o spaniard_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o pyrenaean_a mountain_n shoot_v out_o as_o far_o as_o the_o british_a sea_n nature_n have_v scatter_v certain_a island_n up_o and_o down_o in_o this_o sea_n for_o show_v and_o ornament_n some_o few_o on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n but_o on_o the_o west_n and_o north_n side_n very_o many_o these_o stand_v so_o thick_a that_o they_o as_o it_o be_v embroider_v the_o sea_n and_o paint_v it_o with_o several_a colour_n but_o since_o ireland_n far_o exceed_v the_o rest_n both_o its_o largeness_n and_o reputation_n may_v just_o claim_v the_o first_o place_n in_o this_o treatise_n ireland_n ocean_n the_o vergiviâ—n_a ocean_n in_o the_o vergivian_n sea_n so_o call_v not_o as_o some_o think_v à _fw-la virgendo_fw-la but_o from_o mor_n weridh_n for_o this_o be_v the_o british_a name_n of_o it_o or_o else_o from_o farig_n which_o be_v the_o irish_a lie_v the_o most_o famous_a isle_n of_o ireland_n upon_o the_o west_n side_n of_o britain_n former_o it_o be_v think_v the_o most_o eminent_a island_n in_o the_o world_n but_o two_o for_o thus_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n write_v of_o they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i.e._n among_o the_o island_n taprobane_n in_o india_n must_v first_o take_v place_n for_o renown_n and_o greatness_n next_o to_o it_o britain_n and_o in_o the_o three_o place_n ireland_n another_o island_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o therefore_o ptolemy_n call_v it_o britannia_n parva_n be_v lib._n make_fw-mi constructio_fw-la be_v or_o little_a britain_n by_o argon_fw-la by_o â—â—pris_fw-fr orph._n in_o argon_fw-la orpheus_n aristotle_n and_o claudian_n it_o be_v 1._o be_v of_o the_o several_a name_n of_o ireland_n see_v sir_n james_n wate_n antiquitates_fw-la hibernicae_n p._n 1._o call_v jerna_n by_o juvenal_n and_o mela_n juverna_n by_o diodorus_n siculus_n iris_n by_o martianus_n heracleota_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o eustathius_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o inhabitant_n erin_n by_o the_o britain_n yverdon_n and_o by_o the_o english_a ireland_n from_o whence_o these_o name_n be_v derive_v as_o in_o a_o point_n obscure_a and_o difficult_a there_o have_v be_v many_o and_o those_o different_a opinion_n some_o will_v have_v ireland_n deduce_v ab_fw-la hiberno_fw-la tempore_fw-la other_o from_o iberus_n a_o spaniard_n other_o from_o the_o river_n iber_n and_o the_o author_n of_o the_o eulogium_fw-la from_o a_o captain_n call_v irnalph_n postellus_n in_o his_o public_a lecture_n at_o paris_n upon_o pomponius_n mela_n to_o show_v somewhat_o exquisite_a and_o singular_a derive_v it_o from_o the_o jew_n so_o that_o irin_fw-mi be_v quasi_fw-la jurin_n that_o be_v a_o land_n of_o the_o jew_n for_o he_o say_v that_o the_o jew_n forsooth_o be_v the_o most_o skilful_a soothsayer_n and_o presage_v that_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o world_n will_v at_o last_o settle_v in_o that_o strong_a angle_n caurum_fw-la angle_n ad_fw-la caurum_fw-la towards_o the_o west_n take_v possession_n of_o these_o part_n and_o of_o ireland_n very_o early_o and_o that_o the_o syrian_n and_o the_o tyrian_n also_o endeavour_v to_o settle_v themselves_o there_o that_o they_o may_v lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o future_a empire_n however_o i_o must_v beg_v the_o reader_n be_v pardon_n if_o i_o can_v subscribe_v to_o these_o opinion_n nay_o even_o that_o which_o be_v general_o take_v for_o grant_v of_o its_o be_v call_v ab_fw-la hiberno_fw-la tempore_fw-la though_o i_o must_v own_o at_o the_o same_o time_n how_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o wind_n from_o whatever_o quarter_n it_o blow_v here_o be_v cold_a and_o pierce_a as_o if_o it_o be_v in_o winter_n hibernia_n juverna_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v without_o question_n descend_v from_o jerna_n the_o name_n we_o find_v of_o it_o in_o orpheus_n and_o aristotle_n and_o so_o likewise_o be_v jerna_n iris_n iverdhon_n and_o ireland_n from_o erin_n the_o name_n by_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n themselves_o call_v it_o and_o therefore_o the_o original_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v from_o this_o irish_a word_n erin_n only_o and_o here_o i_o be_o puzzle_v and_o as_o much_o at_o a_o stand_n as_o the_o great_a philosopher_n heretofore_o for_o i_o be_o not_o able_a so_o much_o as_o to_o guess_v or_o imagine_v any_o thing_n likely_a of_o this_o matter_n in_o question_n unless_o it_o may_v perhaps_o come_v from_o heir_n a_o irish_a word_n signify_v the_o west_n or_o a_o tract_n westward_o and_o so_o erin_n import_v as_o much_o as_o a_o west-country_n be_v derive_v from_o it_o this_o conjecture_n be_v so_o plausible_a that_o it_o former_o satisfy_v i_o both_o because_o this_o be_v the_o most_o westward_o country_n in_o europe_n be_v but_o twelve_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o utmost_a point_n in_o that_o quarter_n and_o also_o because_o the_o most_o western_a kinmaire_n western_a now_o call_v kinmaire_n river_n in_o this_o island_n be_v call_v jernus_n by_o ptolemy_n and_o the_o most_o westward_n promontory_n in_o spain_n from_o whence_o our_o irish_a be_v transplant_v be_v call_v jerne_n by_o strabo_n and_o the_o river_n next_o it_o which_o lie_v also_o more_o westward_n than_o any_o other_o in_o spain_n be_v name_v jerna_n by_o mela._n from_o this_o westward_o situation_n likewise_o spain_n itself_o be_v term_v hesperia_n the_o western_a cape_n in_o africa_n hesperium_n cornu_fw-la and_o westrich_n westphalen_n in_o germany_n etc._n etc._n be_v so_o call_v upon_o the_o same_o reason_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o strange_a that_o this_o country_n shall_v derive_v its_o name_n from_o a_o western_a situation_n beside_o the_o name_n of_o ireland_n already_o mention_v the_o irish_a bard_n in_o their_o ballad_n call_v it_o britain_n it_o this_o shall_v be_v firbolg_n or_o firbolug_n i.e._n viri_fw-la belgici_fw-la as_o totidanan_n shall_v be_v tuah-de-danan_a i.e._n populus_fw-la danomus_n and_o be_v name_n of_o certain_a sept_n of_o inhabitant_n as_o scot_n pict_n saxon_n etc._n etc._n in_o britain_n it_o be_v possible_a they_o may_v be_v colony_n of_o the_o bâ—lgae_n and_o damnonia_n or_o damnonia_n of_o britain_n tirvolac_n totidanan_n and_o banno_fw-la as_o by_o far_o the_o most_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o island_n but_o upon_o what_o account_n i_o know_v not_o unless_o this_o banno_fw-la be_v the_o bannomanna_n bannomanna_n bannomanna_n which_o pliny_n out_o of_o timaeus_n mention_n where_o he_o describe_v the_o utmost_a part_n of_o europe_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o northern_a ocean_n on_o the_o left_a from_o scythia_n as_o far_o as_o cadez_n for_o it_o do_v not_o yet_o appear_v to_o geographer_n what_o this_o bannomanna_n be_v biaun_n in_o irish_a signify_v holy_a and_o the_o island_n itself_o be_v call_v sacred_a or_o the_o scholiast_n the_o vide_fw-la pindar_n pyth._n 4._o &_o scholiast_n insula_fw-la sacra_fw-la by_o festus_n avienus_n in_o that_o book_n of_o his_o entitle_v orae_n maritimae_n maritima_n sacra_fw-la insula_fw-la orae_n maritima_n which_o he_o collect_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n hecateus_n milesius_n hellanicus_n lysbius_n philaeus_n atheniensis_fw-la caryandaeus_fw-la pausymachus_fw-la samius_n damastus_fw-la euctimon_n and_o other_o 〈◊〉_d other_o isacius_n tzetzes_n say_v seldâ—n_o in_o his_o comment_n upon_o licâ—piâ—r_n p._n 155._o seem_v to_o mean_a ireland_n by_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o i_o will_v subjoin_v his_o verse_n for_o when_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o ostrymide-island_n he_o say_v ast_n hinc_fw-la duobus_fw-la in_o sacram_fw-la sic_fw-la insulam_fw-la dixêre_fw-la prisci_fw-la solibus_fw-la cursus_fw-la rati_fw-la est_fw-la haec_fw-la inter_fw-la undas_fw-la multum_fw-la cespitem_fw-la jacit_fw-la eamque_fw-la latè_fw-la gens_fw-la hibernorum_fw-la colit_fw-la propanqua_fw-la rursus_fw-la insula_fw-la albionum_fw-la patet_fw-la hence_o to_o the_o holy_a isle_n the_o ancient_a name_n two_o sun_n will_v bring_v you_o through_o the_o pathless_a stream_n where_o fall_v turf_n advance_v every_o tide_n over_o spacious_a tract_n the_o rove_a irish_a spread_v and_o neighbour_a albion_n show_v her_o lofty_a head_n if_o that_o ogygia_n which_o plutarch_n place_n on_o the_o west_n of_o britain_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o real_a truth_n lunâ—_n ogygia_n in_o lib._n 〈◊〉_d maâ—_n 〈◊〉_d lunâ—_n and_o not_o fictitious_a and_o mere_a dream_n one_o will_v take_v ireland_n to_o be_v there_o signify_v by_o that_o name_n though_o the_o story_n themselves_o which_o be_v tell_v of_o it_o be_v all_o of_o they_o romantic_a and_o idle_a nor_o be_v it_o easy_a perhaps_o to_o find_v a_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v call_v it_o ogygia_n unless_o from_o the_o antiquity_n of_o it_o for_o the_o greek_n never_o attribute_v that_o name_n to_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o particular_o ancient_a robertus_fw-la constantinus_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v quite_o out_o in_o affirm_v our_o ireland_n to_o be_v mean_v by_o cerne_n in_o lycophron_n for_o lycophron_n
dublin_n of_o unite_a to_o dublin_n glendelac_n leighlin_n glendelac_n unite_a to_o leighlin_n fern._n ossory_n otherwise_o kilkenny_n otherwise_o and_o kilkenny_n the_o canic_n leighlin_n canic_n leighlin_n lechlin_n kildare_n otherwise_o dare._n under_o the_o archbishop_n of_o cassil_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o killaloe_n of_o killaloe_n laonie_n or_o de_fw-fr kendalnan_n limrick_n isle_n of_o gathy_n tuam_fw-la gathy_n kilfenora_n unite_v either_o to_o kâ—illaloo_n or_o tuam_fw-la cellumabrath_n cashell_n cellumabrath_n em_o annex_v to_o cashell_n melice_n or_o the_o emile_v rosse_n otherwise_o roscree_n waterford_n otherwise_o baltifordian_a waterford_n baltifordian_a lismore_n unite_v to_o waterford_n lismore_n cloyne_v lismore_n cloyne_v clon_n otherwise_o de_fw-fr cluanan_n corcage_v or_o cork_n cork_n cork_n rosse_n unite_v to_o cork_n de_fw-fr rosalither_n lamerick_n rosalither_n ardfort_n unite_v to_o lamerick_n ardefert_fw-la under_o the_o archbishop_n of_o tuam_fw-la be_v the_o bishop_n of_o duac_n otherwise_o clonfert_n otherwise_o kilmacough_n unite_v to_o clonfert_n killmacduoc_n de_fw-fr mageo_fw-la enachdun_fw-la de_fw-fr cellaiaro_n de_fw-fr roscomon_n clonfert_fw-la killalla_n clonfert_fw-la unite_a to_o killalla_n achad_n hol._n achad_n or_o achâ—iry_a hol._n lade_n otherwise_o killalla_n otherwise_o killalla_n killale_v de_fw-fr conani_n de_fw-fr killmanduach_n elphin_n day_n elphin_n beside_o these_o alteration_n already_o mention_v the_o bishopric_n of_o rathluc_n dalnliquir_n isle_n of_o gathay_n roscree_n mage_n enachdun_n de_fw-fr câ—laiar_n râ—scomon_n and_o câ—nany_n be_v unite_v to_o some_o of_o the_o rest_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o in_o be_v at_o this_o day_n momonia_n or_o monster_n momonia_n in_o irish_a mow_v and_o in_o compound_a wown_n in_o english_a monster_n lie_v southward_o open_a to_o the_o vergivian-sea_n separate_v from_o connaught_n for_o some_o while_n by_o the_o river_n siney_n or_o shanon_n and_o from_o lemster_n by_o the_o river_n neor_n former_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o many_o part_n as_o towoun_v i.e._n north_n monster_n deswoun_v i.e._n south_n monster_n heir_n woun_n west_n monster_n mean-woun_a middle_a monster_n and_o urwoun_v the_o fore_a part_n of_o monster_n but_o at_o this_o day_n into_o two_o part_n west_n monster_n and_o south_n monster_n the_o west_n monster_n be_v in_o old_a time_n the_o country_n of_o the_o luceni_n the_o velabri_n and_o the_o uterini_fw-la the_o south_n be_v that_o of_o the_o oudiae_n or_o vediae_n and_o the_o coriondi_n but_o at_o present_v it_o be_v distinguish_v into_o waterford_n into_o into_o â—â—x_n at_o present_a cork_n kerry_n limerick_n clare_n typerary_n and_o waterford_n seven_o county_n kerry_n desmond_n cork_n limerick_n tiperary_n holy-cross_n and_o waterford_n in_o the_o most_o westward_a part_n of_o ireland_n and_o where_o it_o tent_n towards_o the_o cantabrian_a ocean_n confront_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n southwestward_a gallitia_n in_o spain_n the_o velabri_n and_o the_o luceni_n former_o inhabit_v as_o orosius_n write_v the_o luceni_n of_o ireland_n who_o seem_v to_o derive_v their_o name_n and_o origînal_n from_o the_o lucensii_n of_o gallitia_n in_o the_o opposite_a coast_n of_o spain_n lucâ—ni_fw-la lucâ—ni_fw-la of_o who_o name_n some_o remain_v be_v to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o barony_n of_o lyxnaw_n be_v seat_v as_o i_o suppose_v in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n and_o in_o conilogh_n in_o conilogh_n conoglogh_n hard_o by_o upon_o the_o river_n shanon_n the_o county_n of_o kerry_n the_o county_n of_o kerry_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o shannon_n shoot_v forth_o like_o a_o little_a tongue_n into_o the_o sea_n roar_v on_o both_o side_n of_o it_o this_o county_n stand_v high_a and_o have_v many_o wild_a and_o woody_a hill_n in_o it_o between_o which_o lie_v many_o valley_n whereof_o some_o produce_v corn_n other_o wood_n this_o present_a this_o it_o be_v soâ—_n but_o be_v not_o at_o present_a be_v reckon_v a_o county_n palatine_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o desmond_n have_v herein_o the_o dignity_n and_o prerogative_n of_o a_o count_n palatine_n by_o the_o gift_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o who_o grant_v they_o all_o royalty_n except_v the_o try_v of_o four_o plea_n fire_n rape_n forestall_v and_o treasure-trouve_a with_o the_o profit_n arise_v the_o croccis_fw-la which_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o this_o liberty_n through_o the_o weakness_n of_o such_o as_o either_o will_v not_o or_o know_v not_o how_o to_o use_v it_o become_v the_o very_a sink_n of_o all_o mischief_n and_o the_o refuge_n of_o seditious_a person_n in_o the_o very_a entrance_n into_o this_o country_n there_o be_v a_o territory_n call_v clanmoris_a câ—an-moâ—â—â—_a câ—an-moâ—â—â—_a from_o one_o moris_n of_o the_o family_n of_o raimund_n la_fw-fr grosse_n who_o heir_n be_v successive_o call_v baron_n of_o lixnaw_n cross_n through_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o run_v a_o little_a river_n now_o nameless_a though_o perhaps_o by_o its_o situation_n riv_fw-mi â—â—_o riv_fw-mi that_o which_o ptolemy_n call_v the_o dur_n and_o pass_v by_o trailey_n a_o small_a town_n now_o almost_o desolate_a where_o have_v be_v a_o house_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o desmund_n hard_o by_o lie_v ardurt_n 〈◊〉_d â—â—hâ—prick_n 〈◊〉_d the_o see_v of_o a_o poor_a bishop_n call_v of_o ardefertb._n almost_o in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o promontory_n there_o lie_v on_o one_o side_n dingle_n â—â—â—gâ—e_n â—â—â—gâ—e_n a_o commodious_a haven_n and_o on_o the_o other_o smerwick_n â—â—erwick_a â—â—erwick_a contract_v from_o st._n mary-wic_a a_o road_n for_o ship_n limerick_n ship_n now_o unite_v to_o limerick_n where_o late_o as_o girald_n earl_n of_o desmund_n a_o man_n base_o treacherous_a to_o his_o prince_n and_o country_n waste_v and_o spoil_v monster_n arrive_v some_o tumulâ—â—â—â—i_fw-la some_o tumulâ—â—â—â—i_fw-la confuse_a troop_n of_o italian_n and_o spaniard_n send_v to_o his_o assistance_n by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o thirteen_o and_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o fortify_v themselves_o here_o calling_z it_z fort_n deal_v over_o and_o threaten_v the_o country_n with_o great_a ruin_n but_o this_o danger_n be_v end_v by_o the_o come_n and_o first_o onset_n of_o the_o viceroy_n the_o most_o famous_a and_o warlike_a baron_n grey_n art_n lord_n grey_n lord_n arthur_n grey_n for_o they_o forthwith_o surrender_v and_o be_v put_v to_o the_o sword_n most_o of_o they_o which_o be_v think_v in_o policy_n the_o wise_a and_o safe_a course_n consider_v the_o then_o present_a posture_n of_o affair_n and_o that_o the_o rebel_n be_v ready_a to_o break_v out_o in_o all_o quarter_n in_o conclusion_n the_o earl_n of_o desmund_n be_v himself_o force_v to_o fly_v into_o the_o wood_n thereabouts_o for_o shelter_n and_o soon_o after_o set_v upon_o in_o a_o poor_a cottage_n by_o one_o or_o two_o soldier_n who_o wound_v he_o so_o be_v discover_v he_o be_v behead_v for_o his_o disloyalty_n and_o the_o mischief_n he_o have_v do_v this_o country_n perhaps_o some_o will_v impute_v it_o to_o want_v of_o gravity_n and_o prudence_n in_o i_o irish_a a_o ridiculous_a persuasion_n of_o the_o wild_a irish_a if_o i_o give_v a_o account_n of_o a_o old_a opinion_n of_o the_o wild_a irish_a and_o still_o current_a among_o they_o that_o he_o who_o in_o the_o great_a clamour_n and_o outcry_n which_o the_o soldier_n usual_o make_v with_o much_o strain_n before_o a_o onset_n do_v not_o huzza_n as_o the_o rest_n do_v be_v sudden_o snatch_v from_o the_o ground_n and_o carry_v fly_v into_o these_o desert_a valley_n from_o any_o part_n of_o ireland_n whatsoever_o that_o there_o he_o eat_v grass_n lap_v water_n have_v no_o sense_n of_o happiness_n nor_o misery_n have_v some_o remain_v of_o his_o reason_n but_o none_o of_o his_o speech_n and_o that_o at_o long_o run_v he_o shall_v be_v catch_v by_o the_o hunter_n and_o bring_v back_o to_o his_o own_o home_n desmonia_n or_o desmond_n beneath_o the_o country_n of_o the_o old_a luceni_n lie_v desmond_n stretch_v out_o a_o long_a way_n with_o a_o considerable_a breadth_n towards_o the_o south_n in_o irish_a deswown_n in_o english_a desmond_n former_o people_v by_o the_o velabri_n vâ—â—â—â—ri_fw-la vâ—â—â—â—ri_fw-la and_o the_o iberni_n who_o in_o some_o copy_n be_v call_v uterini_fw-la the_o velabri_n may_v seem_v to_o derive_v their_o name_n from_o aber_n i.e._n aestuary_n for_o they_o dwell_v among_o such_o frith_n upon_o parcel_n of_o ground_n divide_v from_o one_o another_o by_o great_a incursion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o which_o the_o artabri_n and_o cantabri_n in_o spain_n also_o take_v their_o name_n among_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n here_o there_o be_v three_o several_a promontory_n beside_o kerry_n above_o mention_v shoot_v out_o with_o their_o crooked_a and_o wind_a shore_n to_o the_o south-west_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n former_o call_v hierwoun_n i.e._n west-mounst_a the_o first_o of_o they_o which_o lie_v between_o dingle-bay_n and_o the_o river_n mair_n be_v call_v clan-car_n and_o have_v a_o castle_n build_v at_o dunkeran_n by_o the_o carew_n of_o england_n dunkerran_n england_n it_o be_v nâ—w_o divide_v into_o the_o barony_n of_o
winter_n what_o they_o lose_v in_o summer_n they_o be_v now_o worsted_n alike_o in_o both_o season_n in_o all_o these_o action_n agricola_n will_v never_o rob_v another_o of_o the_o honour_n due_a to_o he_o but_o let_v he_o be_v captain_n or_o whatever_o other_o officer_n he_o will_v faithful_o attest_v the_o bravery_n of_o the_o action_n some_o have_v count_v he_o too_o sharp_a and_o bitter_a in_o his_o reproof_n and_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o as_o he_o be_v affable_a and_o courteous_a to_o the_o good_a so_o be_v he_o morose_v to_o the_o bad_a but_o then_o anger_n never_o continue_v long_o than_o the_o reprehension_n last_v if_o he_o pass_v a_o thing_n by_o without_o notice_n there_o be_v no_o fear_n upon_o that_o account_n for_o he_o think_v it_o more_o excusable_a even_o to_o commit_v the_o offence_n than_o to_o hate_v a_o offender_n the_o four_o summer_n be_v spend_v in_o settle_v what_o he_o have_v already_o overrun_v and_o if_o the_o valour_n of_o his_o army_n and_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n can_v have_v permit_v it_o they_o need_v not_o have_v seek_v any_o other_o boundary_a in_o britain_n glota_n and_o bodotria_n the_o two_o arm_n of_o opposite_a sea_n which_o shoot_v into_o the_o country_n be_v part_v by_o a_o narrow_a strip_v of_o land_n only_o which_o be_v then_o secure_v by_o our_o garrison_n so_o that_o the_o roman_n be_v master_n of_o all_o on_o this_o side_n have_v pen_v up_o the_o enemy_n as_o it_o be_v within_o another_o island_n in_o the_o five_o year_n of_o this_o war_n agricola_n first_o take_v ship_v and_o sail_v over_o to_o certain_a nation_n never_o before_o know_v of_o which_o after_o many_o prosperous_a encounter_n he_o subdue_v and_o then_o put_v garrison_n into_o those_o part_n of_o britain_n which_o lie_v towards_o ireland_n more_o out_o of_o hope_n than_o out_o of_o fear_n for_o ireland_n ireland_n ireland_n be_v situate_v between_o spain_n and_o britain_n and_o lie_v convenient_a for_o the_o french_a sea_n will_v with_o many_o other_o advantage_n have_v unite_v those_o mighty_a member_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o for_o its_o bigness_n it_o be_v less_o than_o britain_n but_o large_a than_o the_o island_n of_o our_o sea_n the_o soil_n the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n the_o nature_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o the_o british_a the_o port_n and_o haven_n be_v better_o know_v by_o reason_n of_o more_o trade_n and_o commerce_n agricola_n have_v former_o receive_v a_o prince_n of_o that_o country_n drive_v out_o by_o civil_a war_n and_o under_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n have_v keep_v he_o for_o a_o fair_a occasion_n i_o have_v often_o hear_v he_o say_v that_o with_o one_o legion_n and_o some_o few_o auxiliaries_n ireland_n may_v be_v conquer_v and_o retain_v and_o that_o it_o will_v be_v of_o great_a import_n and_o consequence_n to_o our_o interest_n in_o britain_n if_o the_o roman_a force_n be_v on_o all_o hand_n and_o liberty_n as_o it_o be_v banish_v out_o of_o sight_n about_o this_o time_n die_v titus_n who_o for_o these_o exploit_n of_o agricola_n be_v salute_v emperor_n fifteen_o time_n as_o xiphilin_n tell_v we_o and_o as_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o a_o old_a coin_n under_o domitian_n agricola_n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o his_o lieutenancy_n be_v apprehensive_a of_o a_o general_a insurrection_n civitates_fw-la insurrection_n ampla_fw-la civitas_n al._n amplas_fw-la civitates_fw-la in_o those_o large_a city_n and_o remote_a country_n beyond_o bodotria_n and_o that_o his_o march_n will_v be_v make_v very_o troublesome_a by_o the_o enemy_n send_v out_o a_o fleet_n that_o summer_n to_o try_v the_o creek_n and_o haven_n of_o the_o large_a country_n beyond_o it_o thus_o agricola_n be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o second_v his_o land_n army_n by_o a_o fleet_n and_o what_o be_v very_o great_a that_o bring_v war_n upon_o they_o both_o by_o land_n and_o sea_n oftentimes_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o trooper_n the_o foot_n soldier_n and_o the_o seaman_n will_v meet_v and_o make_v merry_a together_o in_o the_o same_o camp_n each_o one_o magnify_v his_o own_o feat_n and_o adventure_n and_o make_v their_o vaunt_n and_o comparison_n soldierlike_a the_o one_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o high_a mountain_n the_o other_o of_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o wave_n and_o tempest_n the_o one_o value_v himself_o upon_o the_o land_n and_o the_o enemy_n the_o other_o upon_o the_o sea_n itself_o subdue_v by_o he_o the_o britain_n as_o we_o understand_v by_o the_o prisoner_n be_v amaze_v and_o daunt_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o this_o fleet_n consider_v that_o if_o once_o their_o sea_n be_v discover_v and_o navigable_a all_o retreat_n and_o refuge_n will_v be_v cut_v off_o whereupon_o the_o caledonian_n with_o great_a preparation_n but_o as_o it_o be_v always_o with_o thing_n unknown_a not_o so_o great_a as_o report_v break_v out_o into_o open_a war_n and_o assault_v our_o castle_n that_o by_o be_v aggressor_n they_o may_v discourage_v we_o so_o that_o some_o poor_a spirit_n on_o our_o side_n under_o show_n of_o prudence_n advise_v agricola_n to_o retire_v on_o this_o side_n bodotria_n and_o rather_o make_v a_o voluntary_a retreat_n than_o a_o force_a one_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o have_v advice_n that_o the_o enemy_n design_n be_v to_o divide_v and_o attack_v we_o in_o many_o place_n at_o once_o whereupon_o lest_o he_o shall_v lie_v under_o disadvantage_n by_o the_o number_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o their_o knowledge_n of_o the_o country_n he_o likewise_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o three_o body_n they_o have_v intelligence_n of_o this_o forthwith_o take_v another_o course_n and_o in_o one_o entire_a body_n fall_v all_o upon_o our_o nine_o legion_n as_o be_v the_o weak_a and_o between_o sleep_n and_o fear_n in_o the_o night_n cut_v off_o our_o sentinel_n and_o break_v in_o among_o they_o thus_o the_o battle_n begin_v in_o the_o very_a camp_n when_o agricola_n have_v find_v out_o the_o enemy_n march_v by_o his_o scout_n trace_n they_o and_o send_v in_o the_o light_a of_o his_o horse_n and_o foot_n upon_o their_o back_n which_o be_v second_v with_o the_o huzza'_v of_o the_o whole_a army_n and_o the_o appearance_n of_o their_o colour_n towards_o break_v of_o day_n this_o danger_n on_o all_o side_n terrify_v the_o britain_n and_o the_o roman_n take_v heart_n at_o it_o and_o know_v there_o can_v be_v no_o danger_n fight_v now_o for_o honour_n they_o give_v they_o a_o fresh_a onset_n and_o after_o a_o sharp_a dispute_n at_o the_o very_a gate_n put_v they_o to_o the_o rout_n while_o both_o our_o army_n be_v contend_v the_o one_o to_o come_v up_o timely_a with_o their_o assistance_n the_o other_o not_o to_o seem_v to_o need_v it_o if_o the_o fen_n and_o wood_n have_v not_o protect_v the_o enemy_n in_o this_o flight_n they_o have_v be_v utter_o conquer_v upon_o this_o constancy_n and_o the_o news_n of_o our_o victory_n the_o whole_a army_n grow_v so_o resolute_a that_o they_o think_v nothing_o invincible_a to_o they_o they_o clamour_v to_o be_v lead_v into_o caledonia_n and_o to_o fight_v their_o way_n through_o to_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o britain_n thus_o they_o who_o be_v but_o just_a now_o require_v wary_a conduct_n be_v forward_o and_o bluster_a when_v the_o event_n be_v see_v and_o this_o be_v always_o the_o case_n in_o war_n every_o one_o claim_v a_o share_n in_o that_o which_o be_v successful_a but_o misfortune_n be_v always_o impute_v to_o one_o single_a person_n however_o the_o britain_n attribute_v all_o this_o to_o good_a luck_n and_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o general_n and_o not_o to_o any_o valour_n in_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o deject_a but_o go_v on_o to_o arm_v their_o young_a man_n to_o convey_v their_o wife_n and_o child_n into_o safe_a place_n and_o by_o assembly_n and_o religious_a rite_n to_o establish_v a_o confederacy_n among_o they_o and_o thus_o both_o army_n leave_v the_o field_n in_o great_a heat_n this_o summer_n a_o cohort_n of_o usipians_n raise_v in_o germany_n and_o send_v over_o into_o britain_n undertake_v a_o very_a strange_a and_o memorable_a adventure_n have_v kill_v their_o captain_n and_o some_o soldier_n that_o be_v disperse_v among_o they_o to_o show_v they_o how_o to_o exercise_v they_o flee_v and_o embark_v themselves_o in_o three_o vessel_n compel_v the_o master_n to_o carry_v they_o off_o but_o only_o one_o of_o they_o do_v his_o duty_n the_o other_o two_o be_v slay_v upon_o suspicion_n and_o this_o strange_a kind_n of_o voyage_n the_o fact_n be_v not_o yet_o noise_v be_v much_o admire_v afterward_o be_v toss_v up_o and_o down_o and_o fall_v upon_o some_o britain_n that_o oppose_v they_o in_o their_o own_o defence_n often_o victorious_a and_o sometime_o baffle_v they_o come_v to_o that_o pinch_n for_o want_n of_o provision_n at_o long_o run_v
opposition_n they_o resolute_o make_v to_o defend_v their_o country_n be_v overmatched_a in_o number_n and_o their_o territory_n not_o so_o well_o guard_v by_o nature_n as_o to_o protect_v they_o but_o what_o we_o have_v say_v already_o may_v suffice_v for_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o roman_n however_o since_o i_o here_o treat_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n i_o must_v not_o pass_v on_o without_o hee_v what_o zosimus_n relate_v briâ—aâ—â—_n lib._n 1._o vandal_n and_o burguâ—dians_n in_o briâ—aâ—â—_n though_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o before_o that_o probus_n the_o emperor_n transplant_v the_o vandal_n and_o burgundian_n he_o have_v conquer_v into_o britain_n who_o be_v settle_v here_o prove_v very_o serviceable_a to_o the_o roman_n whenever_o a_o sedition_n be_v hatch_n but_o where_o they_o can_v be_v seat_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o cambridgeshire_n i_o can_v tell_v for_o gervasius_n tilburiensis_n take_v notice_n of_o a_o old_a vallum_n in_o this_o county_n which_o he_o call_v vandelsburg_n and_o say_v it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o vandal_n i_o will_v not_o have_v any_o one_o imagine_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o constantius_n the_o carthaginian_n be_v seat_v here_o ground_v their_o opinion_n upon_o that_o passage_n of_o eumenius_n the_o rhetorician_n nisi_fw-la forte_fw-fr non_fw-la gravior_n britarmiam_fw-la ruina_fw-la depresserat_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la perfusa_fw-la tegeretur_fw-la oceano_fw-la quae_fw-la profundissimo_fw-la poenorum_n gurgite_fw-la liberata_fw-la ad_fw-la conspectum_fw-la romanae_fw-la lucis_fw-la emersit_fw-la i.e._n unless_o the_o grievance_n wherewith_o britain_n be_v oppress_v be_v not_o great_a than_o if_o it_o have_v be_v quite_o overwhelm_v with_o the_o ocean_n but_o now_o free_v from_o a_o deep_a gulf_n of_o the_o poeni_n lift_v up_o its_o head_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o roman_a light_n for_o there_o be_v a_o old_a copy_n which_o belong_v to_o humphrey_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o after_o that_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a baron_n burgh_o lord_n high_a treasurer_n of_o england_n wherein_o it_o be_v read_v paenarum_fw-la gurgitibus_fw-la and_o he_o seem_v to_o treat_v of_o those_o grievance_n and_o punishment_n with_o which_o they_o be_v gall_v under_o carausius_n from_o that_o of_o agathias_n likewise_o in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o history_n the_o britain_n be_v a_o nation_n of_o the_o hunns_n i_o will_v not_o have_v any_o one_o scandalize_v the_o britain_n or_o conclude_v they_o to_o be_v hunns_n for_o in_o one_o greek_a copy_n it_o be_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o not_o britones_n as_o i_o have_v be_v assure_v long_o since_o by_o the_o most_o learned_a francis_n pithaeus_n and_o as_o j._n lewenclaius_n a_o most_o deserve_a person_n for_o his_o knowledge_n in_o history_n have_v now_o publish_v it_o the_o pict_n now_o for_o the_o other_o inhabitant_n of_o britain_n and_o first_o of_o the_o pict_n who_o in_o the_o order_n of_o antiquity_n be_v allow_v by_o historian_n to_o come_v next_o the_o britain_n hector_n boetius_fw-la derive_v these_o people_n from_o the_o agathyrsi_n pomponius_n lactus_fw-la aventinus_n and_o other_o from_o the_o german_n some_o will_v have_v they_o from_o the_o pictones_n in_o france_n and_o bede_n from_o the_o scythian_n it_o happen_v say_v he_o that_o the_o pict_n sail_v from_o scythia_n as_o the_o report_n go_v in_o some_o few_o galley_n into_o ireland_n and_o that_o have_v desire_v a_o seat_n of_o the_o scot_n there_o without_o success_n they_o go_v over_o to_o britain_n by_o their_o advice_n and_o settle_v upon_o the_o north_n part_n of_o it_o about_o the_o year_n 78_o as_o many_o will_v have_v it_o in_o such_o soundinavia_n see_v bishop_n usher_n antiquitat_fw-la britan._n eccles_n cap._n 15._o where_o their_o original_n be_v full_o discuss_v dr._n stiâ—lingfleet_n orig._n britan._n p._n 246._o prove_v they_o to_o have_v their_o original_n from_o soundinavia_n variety_n of_o opinion_n i_o do_v know_v which_o to_o adhere_v to_o however_o to_o show_v as_o well_o as_o i_o can_v how_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o matter_n stand_v i_o will_v venture_v to_o deliver_v my_o own_o thought_n of_o it_o and_o unless_o the_o authority_n of_o venerable_n bede_n be_v a_o sufficient_a counterpoise_n to_o any_o conjecture_n i_o shall_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o the_o pict_n be_v not_o transplant_v from_o other_o country_n but_o original_o britain_n and_o the_o offspring_n of_o they_o i_o mean_v those_o very_a britain_n who_o before_o the_o roman_n come_v here_o inhabit_v the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o island_n and_o those_o who_o be_v a_o nation_n averse_a to_o slavery_n and_o then_o refuse_v to_o be_v hamper_v by_o the_o roman_n afterward_o join_v they_o for_o just_a as_o those_o britain_n do_v who_o in_o the_o saxon_a invasion_n be_v loath_a to_o part_v with_o their_o liberty_n withdraw_v and_o retreat_v to_o the_o west-part_n of_o the_o island_n wales_n and_o cornwall_n full_a of_o craggy_a hill_n so_o doubtless_o the_o britain_n in_o the_o roman_a war_n rather_o than_o be_v bring_v under_o slavery_n the_o very_o worst_a of_o evil_n shift_v to_o these_o northern_a part_n freeze_v by_o excess_n of_o cold_a horrible_a in_o its_o rough_a and_o craggy_a place_n and_o imbogue_v by_o the_o wash_n in_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o since_o in_o it_o where_o they_o be_v defend_v not_o so_o much_o by_o their_o weapon_n as_o by_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n and_o weather_n and_o grow_v up_o with_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n into_o a_o populous_a nation_n for_o tacitus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v drive_v into_o these_o part_n as_o into_o another_o island_n by_o agricola_n his_o father_n in_o law_n and_o no_o man_n question_n but_o they_o be_v britain_n that_n people_v these_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o island_n for_o can_v any_o one_o fancy_n that_o all_o those_o britain_n at_o war_n with_o the_o roman_n that_o amount_v to_o a_o army_n of_o 30000_o 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the_o report_n of_o other_o in_o those_o time_n i_o be_o very_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o some_o from_o scandia_n which_o be_v heretofore_o together_o with_o all_o that_o northern_a tract_n call_v scythia_n may_v arrive_v among_o these_o northern_a britain_n by_o way_n of_o that_o continue_v set_v of_o island_n lie_v almost_o close_o to_o one_o another_o however_o lest_o any_o one_o imagine_v that_o i_o here_o impose_v upon_o myself_o by_o a_o specious_a lie_n i_o think_v i_o can_v show_v from_o the_o manner_n name_n and_o language_n of_o the_o pict_n wherein_o they_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v very_o agreeable_a with_o our_o britain_n that_o they_o be_v indeed_o the_o very_a britain_n themselves_o and_o therefore_o without_o take_v notice_n that_o neither_o the_o pict_n according_a to_o bede_n nor_o the_o britain_n according_a to_o tacitus_n make_v any_o distinction_n of_o sex_n in_o point_n of_o government_n or_o exclude_v the_o female_n from_o the_o crown_n that_o fashion_n of_o 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the_o it_o be_v now_o call_v the_o wield_v or_o wild._n wood_n andradswald_n in_o british_a coid_v andr_v sylva_fw-la
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â—â—sidium_fw-la â—â—sidium_fw-la where_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o notitia_fw-la province_n notitia_fw-la or_o abstract_a of_o province_n the_o praefect_n of_o the_o dalmatian_a horse_n by_o the_o appointment_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o britain_n be_v post_v these_o troop_n be_v levy_v in_o dalmatia_n and_o here_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o political_a prudence_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o in_o their_o province_n dispose_v and_o quart'red_a their_o foreign_a troop_n in_o garrison_n â—rrison_n â—reign_a â—ops_n in_o â—rrison_n with_o who_o and_o the_o native_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a diversity_n of_o language_n and_o humour_n there_o can_v not_o likely_o be_v any_o secret_a combination_n form_v against_o their_o government_n â—cit_fw-la â—â—s_o l._n 4._o â—cit_fw-la for_o as_o florus_n write_v nation_n not_o habituate_v to_o the_o yoke_n of_o slavery_n will_v otherwise_o be_v always_o attempt_v to_o shake_v it_o off_o whereupon_o it_o be_v that_o from_o africa_n the_o moor_n from_o spain_n the_o asturian_o and_o vettones_n from_o germany_n the_o batavian_o the_o nervii_n tungri_n and_o turnacenses_n from_o gaul_n the_o lingones_n and_o morini_n and_o from_o other_o part_n the_o dalmatian_n thracian_n alain_n etc._n etc._n be_v bring_v over_o to_o serve_v in_o britain_n as_o in_o their_o proper_a place_n we_o shall_v observe_v but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o business_n not_o one_o ought_v to_o think_v the_o britain_n derive_v the_o word_n guarth_n from_o the_o frank_n for_o if_o we_o believe_v lazius_n it_o be_v of_o hebrew_a extraction_n in_o which_o original_n most_o country_n agree_v but_o that_o this_o be_v the_o praesidium_n garrison-town_n praesidium_n that_o be_v the_o garrison-town_n the_o authority_n of_o our_o annal_n may_v convince_v we_o assure_v we_o that_o the_o roman_a legion_n have_v here_o a_o station_n and_o also_o its_o situation_n almost_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o province_n intimate_v no_o less_o for_o it_o lie_v at_o a_o equal_a 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where_o he_o lie_v bury_v tell_v we_o his_o name_n be_v thomas_n littleton_n more_o especial_o the_o last_o of_o the_o beauchamp_n richard_n earl_n of_o warwick_n and_o normandy_n and_o lieutenant_n general_n governor_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n and_o of_o the_o durchy_n of_o normandy_n governor_n of_o normandy_n who_o die_v at_o rouen_n in_o the_o year_n 1439._o be_v with_o great_a magnificence_n and_o funeral_n pomp_n therefore_o pomp_n and_o after_o a_o sumptuous_a funeral_n solemnize_v in_o this_o church_n lie_v entomb_v in_o a_o magnificent_a tomb_n with_o this_o inscription_n pray_v devout_o for_o the_o soul_n who_o gâ—d_v assoil_v of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o worshipful_a knight_n in_o his_o day_n of_o manhood_n and_o cunning_a richard_n beauchamp_n late_a earl_n of_o warwick_n lord_n despenser_n of_o bergavenny_n and_o of_o many_o other_o great_a lordship_n who_o body_n rest_v here_o under_o this_o tomb_n in_o a_o full_a fair_a vault_n of_o stone_n set_v in_o the_o 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this_o day_n call_v shirburn_n and_o in_o a_o old_a charter_n of_o the_o priory_n â—â—cret_a â—conâ—_n 3._o p._n 14._o â—â—cret_a cuentford_n whencesoever_o the_o name_n be_v take_v this_o city_n some_o age_n since_o be_v enrich_v with_o the_o manufacture_n decay_v manufacture_n now_o both_o these_o trade_n be_v much_o decay_v of_o clothing_n and_o cap_n be_v the_o only_a mart-town_n of_o this_o country_n and_o of_o great_a resort_n than_o can_v be_v expect_v from_o its_o midland_n situation_n it_o be_v commodious_o seat_v large_a and_o neat_a fortify_v with_o very_o strong_a wall_n and_o adorn_v with_o beautiful_a building_n among_o which_o two_o church_n of_o excellent_a architecture_n stand_v near_o together_o as_o it_o be_v rival_v each_o other_o the_o one_o dedicate_v to_o the_o holy_a trinity_n the_o other_o to_o st._n michael_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o of_o very_o great_a antiquity_n that_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o great_a monument_n be_v the_o religious-house_n or_o priory_n who_o ruin_n i_o see_v near_o these_o two_o church_n this_o king_n
the_o chief_a be_v the_o dove_n the_o hans_n churnet_n tein_n blath_n and_o trent_n which_o receive_v they_o all_o and_o carry_v they_o with_o it_o into_o the_o sea_n the_o dovus_n or_o dove_n dove_n dove_n bank_v with_o hard_a limestone_n which_o they_o burn_v to_o manure_v their_o field_n with_o run_v swift_o for_o a_o great_a way_n along_o the_o east-part_n of_o this_o county_n sever_a it_o from_o derbyshire_n by_o its_o white_a clayish_a channel_n without_o any_o shelf_n of_o mud_n in_o it_o lie_v in_o a_o limestone_n soil_n it_o suck_v in_o such_o richness_n from_o it_o that_o in_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o winter_n the_o meadow_n on_o both_o side_n of_o it_o look_v fresh_a and_o green_a and_o if_o it_o overflow_v and_o lay_v the_o meadow_n afloat_o in_o april_n like_o another_o nile_n it_o make_v they_o so_o fruitful_a that_o the_o inhabitant_n thereabouts_o joyful_o tell_v you_o their_o common_a rhyme_n in_o april_n dove_n flood_n be_v worth_a a_o king_n be_v good_a this_o 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cool_a brieze_n which_o by_o a_o innate_a salubrity_n of_o air_n render_v the_o country_n exceed_v temperate_a on_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o mountain_n of_o talgarth_n and_o ewias_n on_o the_o north_n as_o he_o say_v it_o be_v a_o more_o open_a and_o champain_n country_n where_o it_o be_v divide_v from_o radnorshire_n by_o the_o river_n why_o upon_o which_o there_o be_v two_o town_n of_o note_a antiquity_n bûalht_v â—â—â—â—ht_n â—â—â—â—ht_n asleep_o and_o hay_n bûalht_n be_v a_o town_n pleasant_o seat_v with_o wood_n about_o it_o and_o fortify_v with_o a_o castle_n but_o of_o a_o late_a building_n by_o the_o breose_n and_o mortimer_n when_o as_o rhÅ·_v ap_fw-mi gryffydh_fw-mi have_v demolish_v the_o old_a one_o at_o present_a it_o be_v note_v for_o a_o good_a market_n but_o former_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o place_n very_o eminent_a for_o ptolemy_n observe_v the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o it_o and_o call_v it_o bullaeum_fw-la â—â—â—â—â—eum_fw-la â—â—â—â—â—eum_fw-la silurum_fw-la b_o from_o this_o town_n the_o neighbour_a part_n a_o mountainous_a and_o rocky_a country_n be_v call_v bualht_n into_o which_o upon_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o saxon_n king_n vortigern_n retire_v and_o there_o also_o by_o the_o permission_n of_o aurelius_n ambrose_n his_o son_n pascentius_n govern_v as_o we_o be_v inform_v by_o ninnius_n who_o in_o his_o chapter_n of_o wonder_n relate_v i_o know_v not_o what_o prodigious_a story_n of_o a_o heap_n of_o stone_n here_o wherein_o may_v be_v see_v the_o footstep_n of_o king_n arthur_n hound_n hay_o in_o british_a tregelhi_n which_o in_o english_a we_o may_v render_v haseley_n or_o hasleton_n lie_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n why_o upon_o the_o border_n of_o herefordshire_n a_o place_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v well_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n since_o we_o often_o find_v their_o coin_v there_o and_o some_o ruin_n of_o wall_n be_v still_o remain_v but_o now_o be_v almost_o total_o decay_v 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stately_a castle_n which_o the_o breose_n and_o bohun_v afterward_o repair_v and_o in_o our_o father_n memory_n king_n henry_n the_o eight_o constitute_v a_o collegiate_n church_n of_o 14_o prebendary_n in_o the_o priory_n of_o the_o dominican_n which_o he_o translate_v thither_o from_o abergwy_o in_o caermardhinshire_a two_o mile_n to_o the_o east_n of_o brecknock_n be_v a_o large_a lake_n which_o the_o britain_n call_n lhyn_n sauèdhan_n and_o lhyn_n sauà dhan_n savadham_n lhyn_a savadham_n giraldus_n call_v it_o clamosum_fw-la from_o the_o terrible_a noise_n it_o make_v like_o a_o clap_n of_o thunder_n at_o the_o crack_n of_o the_o ice_n in_o english_a it_o be_v call_v brecknockmere_n brecknockmere_n brecknockmere_n it_o be_v two_o mile_n long_o and_o near_o the_o same_o breadth_n well_o store_v with_o otter_n and_o also_o perch_v tenche_n and_o eel_n which_o the_o fisherman_n take_v in_o their_o coracl_n lhewèni_n a_o small_a river_n have_v enter_v this_o lake_n still_o retain_v its_o own_o colour_n and_o as_o it_o be_v disdain_v a_o mixture_n be_v think_v to_o carry_v out_o no_o more_o nor_o other_o water_n than_o what_o it_o bring_v in_o it_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a tradition_n in_o this_o neighbourhood_n that_o where_o the_o lake_n be_v now_o there_o be_v former_o a_o city_n which_o be_v swallow_v up_o by_o a_o earthquake_n resign_v its_o place_n to_o the_o water_n d_o and_o to_o confirm_v this_o they_o allege_v beside_o other_o argument_n that_o all_o the_o highway_n of_o this_o county_n tend_v to_o this_o lake_n which_o if_o true_a what_o other_o city_n may_v we_o suppose_v on_o the_o river_n lheweny_v but_o loventium_n loventium_fw-la loventium_fw-la place_v by_o ptolemy_n in_o this_o tract_n which_o though_o i_o have_v diligent_o search_v for_o yet_o there_o appear_v no_o where_o any_o remain_v of_o the_o name_n ruin_n or_o situation_n of_o it_o marianus_n which_o i_o have_v almost_o forget_v seem_v to_o call_v this_o place_n bricenaumere_a bricenaumere_a bricenaumere_a who_o tell_v we_o that_o edelfleda_n the_o mercian_n lady_n enter_v the_o land_n of_o the_o britain_n anno_fw-la 913._o in_o order_n to_o reduce_v a_o castle_n at_o bricenaumere_n and_o that_o she_o there_o take_v the_o queen_n of_o the_o britain_n prisoner_n whether_o that_o castle_n be_v brecknock_n itself_o brecknock-castle_n brecknock-castle_n or_o castelh_n dinas_n on_o a_o steep_a taper_a rock_n above_o this_o lake_n remain_v uncertain_a but_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n that_o the_o neighbour_a castle_n of_o blaen_n lheveny_n lheveni-castle_n blaen_fw-la lheveni-castle_n be_v the_o chief_a place_n of_o that_o barony_n which_o be_v the_o possession_n of_o peter_n fitz-herbert_n the_o son_n of_o herbert_n lord_n of_o dean-forest_n by_o lucy_n the_o daughter_n of_o miles_n earl_n of_o hereford_n e_fw-la in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n rufus_n bernard_n newmarch_n the_o norman_a a_o man_n of_o undaunted_a courage_n brecknock_n lord_n of_o brecknock_n and_o great_a policy_n have_v levy_v a_o considerable_a army_n both_o of_o english_a and_o norman_n be_v the_o first_o that_o attempt_v the_o reduce_n of_o this_o country_n and_o have_v at_o length_n after_o a_o tedious_a war_n extort_a it_o from_o the_o welsh_a he_o build_v fort_n therein_o and_o give_v possession_n of_o land_n to_o his_o fellow-soldier_n among_o who_o the_o chief_a be_v the_o aubrey_n remain_v aubrey_n roger_n gunter_n a_o young_a brother_n of_o this_o family_n intermarry_v with_o the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o thomas_n stodey_n esq_n â—3_n henr._n 4._o settle_v at_o kintbury_n or_o kentbury_n in_o berkshire_n where_o the_o family_n still_o remain_v gunter_n haverd_n waldebeof_n and_o prichards_n and_o the_o better_a to_o secure_v himself_o among_o his_o enemy_n the_o welsh_a he_o marry_v nê_v the_o daughter_n of_o prince_n gruffydh_n who_o be_v a_o woman_n of_o a_o licentious_a and_o revengeful_a temper_n at_o once_o deprive_v herself_o of_o her_o own_o reputation_n and_o her_o son_n of_o his_o inheritance_n for_o mahel_n the_o only_a son_n of_o this_o bernard_n have_v affront_v a_o young_a nobleman_n with_o who_o she_o converse_v too_o familiar_o she_o as_o the_o poet_n say_v iram_fw-la atque_fw-la animos_fw-la à _fw-la crimine_fw-la sumens_fw-la depose_v before_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o that_o her_o son_n mahel_n be_v beget_v in_o adultery_n upon_o which_o mahel_n be_v exclude_v the_o estate_n devolve_v to_o his_o sister_n sibyl_n and_o in_o her_o right_a to_o her_o husband_n miles_n earl_n of_o hereford_n who_o five_a son_n die_v without_o issue_n this_o country_n of_o brecknock_n become_v the_o inheritance_n of_o bertha_n his_o daughter_n who_o have_v by_o philip_n de_fw-fr breos_n a_o son_n william_n de_fw-fr breos_n lord_n of_o brecknock_n breus_n call_v also_o braus_n and_o breus_n upon_o who_o the_o seditious_a spirit_n and_o procax_fw-la and_o procax_fw-la shrewd_a tongue_n of_o his_o haia_n his_o matildis_n de_fw-fr haia_n wife_n draw_v infinite_a calamity_n for_o when_o she_o have_v utter_v reproachful_a language_n against_o king_n john_n the_o king_n strict_o command_v her_o husband_n who_o be_v deep_a in_o his_o debt_n to_o discharge_v it_o who_o after_o frequent_a demurring_n at_o last_o mortgage_v to_o the_o king_n his_o three_o castle_n of_o hay_n brecknock_n and_o radnor_n which_o yet_o soon_o after_o he_o surprise_v put_v the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n he_o also_o burn_v the_o town_n of_o lemster_n and_o thus_o with_o fire_n sword_z and_o depredation_n continue_v to_o annoy_v the_o country_n omit_v nothing_o of_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o rebel_n but_o upon_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o king_n force_n he_o withdraw_v into_o ireland_n where_o he_o associate_v with_o the_o king_n enemy_n yet_o pretend_v a_o submission_n he_o return_v and_o surrender_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n who_o have_v intend_v to_o follow_v he_o but_o after_o many_o feign_a promise_n he_o again_o raise_v new_a commotion_n in_o wales_n at_o last_o be_v compel_v to_o quit_v his_o native_a country_n he_o
die_v a_o exile_n in_o france_n but_o his_o wife_n be_v take_v suffer_v the_o worst_a of_o misery_n for_o she_o be_v starve_v in_o prison_n and_o thus_o do_v severe_a penance_n for_o her_o scurrilous_a language_n his_o son_n giles_n bishop_n of_o hereford_n have_v without_o regard_n to_o his_o nephew_n who_o be_v the_o true_a heir_n recover_v his_o father_n estate_n by_o permission_n of_o king_n john_n leave_v it_o to_o his_o brother_n reginald_n who_o son_n william_n be_v hang_v by_o lhewelin_n prince_n of_o wales_n who_o have_v catch_v he_o in_o adultery_n with_o his_o wife_n but_o by_o the_o daughter_n of_o that_o william_n the_o mortimer_n cantelow_n and_o bohun_v earl_n of_o hereford_n enjoy_v plentiful_a fortune_n this_o country_n of_o brecknock_n fall_v to_o the_o bohun_v and_o at_o length_n from_o they_o to_o the_o staffords_z and_o upon_o the_o attainder_n of_o edward_n stafford_n duke_n of_o buckingham_n considerable_a revenue_n be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o crown_n in_o this_o 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richard_n 2._o who_o scutifer_n as_o walsingham_n say_v he_o be_v owen_n be_v assure_v that_o his_o king_n and_o master_n richard_n be_v depose_v and_o murder_v and_o withal_o provoke_v by_o several_a affront_n and_o wrong_v do_v he_o by_o the_o lord_n grey_n of_o ruthin_n his_o neighbour_n who_o king_n henry_n very_o much_o countenance_v against_o he_o take_v arm_n and_o look_v upon_o henry_n as_o a_o usurper_n cause_v himself_o to_o be_v proclaim_v prince_n of_o wales_n and_o though_o himself_o be_v descend_v paternal_o but_o from_o a_o young_a brother_n of_o the_o house_n of_o powis_n yet_o as_o ambition_n be_v ingenious_a he_o find_v out_o a_o way_n to_o lay_v claim_n to_o the_o principality_n as_o descend_v by_o a_o daughter_n fâ—om_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi the_o last_o prince_n of_o the_o british_a race_n he_o invade_v the_o land_n burn_v and_o destroy_v the_o house_n and_o estate_n of_o all_o those_o that_o favour_a and_o adhere_v to_o king_n henry_n he_o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o meet_v at_o machynlh_v in_o montgomeryshire_n whither_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o wales_n come_v in_o obedience_n to_o his_o summons_n and_o among_o they_o the_o say_v david_n gam_n but_o with_o a_o intention_n to_o murder_n owen_n the_o plot_n be_v discover_v and_o he_o take_v before_o he_o can_v put_v it_o in_o execution_n he_o be_v like_a to_o have_v suffer_v as_o a_o traitor_n but_o intercession_n be_v make_v for_o he_o by_o owen_n best_a friend_n and_o the_o great_a upholder_n of_o his_o cause_n who_o he_o can_v not_o either_o honourable_o or_o safe_o deny_v yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o pardon_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n where_o he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o considerable_a interest_n he_o exceed_o annoy_v owen_n friend_n not_o long_o after_o owen_n enter_v the_o march_n of_o wales_n destroy_v all_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o have_v then_o burn_v the_o house_n of_o sir_n david_n gam_n it_o be_v report_v he_o speak_v 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eye_n keep_v over_o he_o that_o he_o be_v not_o permit_v at_o any_o time_n to_o go_v abroad_o without_o two_o or_o more_o norman_a knight_n in_o his_o company_n r._n vaug._n ¶_o at_o a_o place_n call_v y_o gaer_n near_o brecknock_n there_o stand_v a_o remarkable_a monument_n in_o the_o highway_n common_o call_v maen_n y_o morynnion_n â—orynnion_n â—aen_fw-mi y_fw-mi â—orynnion_n or_o the_o maiden_n stone_n it_o be_v a_o rude_a pillar_n erect_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o road_n about_o six_o foot_n high_a two_o in_o breadth_n and_o six_o inch_n thick_a on_o the_o one_o side_n where_o it_o incline_v a_o little_a it_o show_v the_o portraiture_n of_o a_o man_n and_o woman_n in_o some_o ancient_a habit_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v carve_v with_o no_o small_a labour_n though_o with_o little_a art_n for_o the_o figure_n be_v considerable_o raise_v above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o
meirionydh_n shire_n this_o county_n though_o it_o be_v mountainous_a be_v yet_o in_o general_a a_o fertile_a country_n have_v fruitful_a vale_n as_o well_o for_o pasture_v as_o arable_a land_n and_o be_v former_o a_o breeder_n of_o excellent_a horse_n which_o as_o giraldus_n inform_v we_o be_v much_o esteem_v as_o well_o for_o their_o shape_n and_o stateliness_n †_o majestate_n membrous_a suà _fw-la majestate_n as_o incomparable_a swiftness_n at_o the_o utmost_a limit_n of_o this_o county_n westward_o where_o it_o end_v in_o a_o cone_n or_o sharp_a point_n lie_v machynlh_v machynl_v machynl_v the_o maglona_n â—aglona_fw-la â—aglona_fw-la perhaps_o of_o the_o roman_n where_o young_a where_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n the_o young_a in_o the_o time_n of_o honorius_n the_o emperor_n the_o praefect_n of_o the_o solensians_n lie_v in_o garrison_n under_o the_o dux_n britanniae_fw-la in_o order_n to_o keep_v in_o subjection_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o 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invention_n on_o who_o authority_n also_o a_o late_a poet_n build_v these_o verse_n in_o flumen_fw-la praecipitatur_fw-la abren_n nomen_fw-la abren_n fluvio_fw-la de_fw-la virgine_fw-la nomen_fw-la eidem_fw-la nomine_fw-la corrupto_fw-la deinde_fw-la sabrina_n datur_fw-la headlong_o be_v abren_n throw_v into_o the_o stream_n and_o hence_o the_o river_n take_v the_o virgin_n be_v name_n corrupt_v thence_o at_o last_o sabrina_n come_v this_o river_n have_v so_o many_o wind_n near_o its_o fountainhead_n that_o it_o seem_v often_o to_o return_v but_o proceed_v nevertheless_o or_o rather_o wander_v slow_o through_o this_o county_n shropshire_n worcestershire_n and_o last_o glocestershire_n and_o have_v throughout_o its_o whole_a course_n enrich_v the_o soil_n be_v at_o last_o discharge_v into_o the_o severn-sea_n in_o this_o county_n be_v shade_v with_o wood_n it_o take_v its_o course_n northward_o by_o lhan_n idlos_n idlos_n lhan_n idlos_n three_fw-mi '_o newydh_fw-mi or_o new_a town_n new-town_n new-town_n and_o kaer_n sŵ_v sws_n kaer_n sws_n which_o be_v report_v to_o be_v both_o ancient_a and_o to_o enjoy_v ancient_a privilege_n and_o not_o far_o from_o its_o bank_n on_o the_o east-side_n leave_v montgomery_n montgomery_n montgomery_n the_o chief_a town_n of_o this_o county_n seat_v on_o a_o rise_a rock_n have_v a_o pleasant_a plain_a under_o it_o it_o be_v build_v by_o baldwin_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o marsh_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n will._n 1._o whence_o the_o britain_n call_v it_o three_fw-mi '_o valdwin_n valdwyn_n three_fw-mi '_o valdwyn_n i.e._n baldwin_n town_n but_o the_o english_a montgomery_z from_o roger_n de_fw-fr mont_fw-fr gomery_n e._n of_o shrewsbury_n etc._n shrewsbury_n who_o win_v much_o land_n here_o from_o the_o welsh_a as_o we_o find_v in_o domesday_n etc._n etc._n who_o inheritance_n it_o be_v and_o who_o build_v the_o castle_n as_o we_o read_v in_o domesday-book_n though_o florilegus_n fabulous_o tell_v we_o it_o be_v call_v mons_fw-la gomericus_n from_o its_o situation_n by_o king_n henry_n 3._o after_o he_o have_v rebuilt_a it_o for_o the_o welsh_a have_v overthrow_v it_o put_v the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n in_o the_o year_n 1095._o after_o which_o it_o lay_v a_o long_a time_n neglect_v however_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o king_n henry_n 3._o grant_v 11._o anno_fw-la 11._o that_o the_o burrow_n of_o montgomery_n shall_v be_v a_o free_a burrough_n with_o other_o liberty_n name_n liberty_n now_o the_o epirote_n be_v here_o seat_v branch_a out_o from_o a_o brother_n of_o sir_n william_n herbert_n the_o first_o earl_n of_o penbroke_a of_o that_o name_n near_o this_o town_n corndon-hill_n corndon-hill_n corndon-hill_n rise_v to_o a_o considerable_a height_n on_o the_o top_n whereof_o be_v place_v certain_a magifold_a certain_a common_o call_v magifold_a stone_n in_o form_n of_o a_o crown_n whence_o the_o name_n in_o memory_n perhaps_o of_o some_o victory_n c_o a_o little_a low_o the_o river_n severn_n glide_v by_o tralhwn_n i.e._n the_o town_n by_o the_o lake_n whence_o the_o english_a call_v it_o welsh_a pool_n pool_n welsh_a pool_n do_v near_o unto_o which_o on_o the_o southside_n be_v a_o castle_n castle_n red_a castle_n call_v from_o the_o red_a stone_n whereof_o it_o be_v build_v kastelh_n kôch_n where_o within_o the_o same_o wall_n be_v two_o castle_n one_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o powy_n the_o other_o to_o baron_n dudley_n kadŵgan_v ap_fw-mi bledhyn_n that_o renown_a britain_n mention_v in_o the_o last_o county_n whilst_o he_o be_v intent_n on_o the_o build_n of_o this_o castle_n be_v slay_v by_o his_o nephew_n madok_v as_o we_o find_v in_o the_o abridgement_n of_o k'radok_n of_o lhan_n garvan_n opposite_a to_o this_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o river_n lie_v buttington_n a_o place_n note_v for_o the_o dane_n winter_v there_o whence_o marianus_n tell_v we_o they_o be_v drive_v out_o by_o adheredus_n duke_n of_o mercia_n in_o the_o year_n 894._o the_o river_n severn_n have_v leave_v these_o place_n wind_n itself_o by_o degree_n towards_o the_o east_n that_o it_o may_v the_o soon_o receive_v a_o small_a river_n call_v tanat_n myrnwy_n tanat_n l._n myrnwy_n wherewith_o be_v unite_v it_o enter_v shropshire_n i_o be_o full_o persuade_v because_o it_o seem_v a_o certain_a truth_n that_o the_o mediolanum_n mediolanum_n mediolanum_n of_o the_o ordovices_n celebrate_v by_o antoninus_n and_o ptolemy_n stand_v in_o this_o country_n the_o footstep_n whereof_o i_o have_v diligent_o endeavour_v to_o trace_v out_o though_o with_o no_o great_a success_n so_o far_o do_v age_n consume_v even_o the_o very_a skeleton_n and_o ruin_n of_o city_n however_o if_o we_o may_v conjecture_v from_o its_o situation_n see_v those_o town_n which_o antoninus_n place_n on_o each_o side_n be_v well_o know_v viz._n on_o one_o side_n bonium_n call_v now_o bangor_n by_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o on_o the_o other_o rutunium_n now_o rowton_n castle_n for_o he_o place_v it_o twelve_o italian_a mile_n from_o this_o and_o from_o the_o other_o twenty_o the_o line_n of_o position_n if_o we_o may_v so_o term_v they_o or_o rather_o of_o distance_n across_o each_o other_o betwixt_o mathraval_n and_o lhan_n vylhin_n which_o be_v scarce_o three_o mile_n asunder_o and_o in_o a_o manner_n demonstrate_v to_o we_o the_o situation_n of_o our_o mediolanum_n for_o this_o method_n of_o find_v out_o a_o three_o from_o two_o know_a place_n can_v deceive_v we_o when_o there_o be_v neither_o mountain_n interpose_v nor_o the_o turn_n of_o roads_n discontinue_v this_o mathraval_n mathraval_n mathraval_n lie_v five_o mile_n to_o the_o west_n of_o severn_n and_o which_o in_o some_o degree_n assert_v the_o antiquity_n of_o it_o though_o it_o be_v now_o but_o a_o bare_a name_n it_o be_v once_o the_o royal_a seat_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n and_o be_v also_o note_v in_o author_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o after_o the_o prince_n leave_v it_o ponte_fw-la it_o de_fw-fr veteri_fw-la ponte_fw-la robert_z vipont_n a_o englishman_n build_v a_o castle_n therein_o but_o lhan_n vylhin_n vylhin_n lhan_n vylhin_n i.e._n the_o church_n of_o mylhin_n a_o small_a market-town_n though_o in_o respect_n of_o distance_n it_o be_v far_o off_o be_v yet_o as_o to_o affinity_n of_o name_n much_o near_a mediolanum_n for_o the_o word_n vylhin_n be_v by_o a_o propriety_n of_o the_o british_a only_o a_o variation_n of_o mylhin_n as_o kaer-vyrdhin_a from_o kaer_n and_o myrdhin_n and_o arvon_a from_o ar-môn_a nor_o be_v this_o name_n of_o mylhin_n or_o myllin_n more_o remote_a from_o mediolanum_n than_o either_o millano_n in_o italy_n le_fw-fr million_o in_o xantoigne_n or_o methlen_n in_o the_o low-countries_n all_o which_o as_o be_v general_o allow_v be_v former_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o mediolanum_n now_o whether_o of_o these_o conjecture_n come_v near_o the_o truth_n let_v the_o reader_n determine_v for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o only_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n if_o i_o shall_v affirm_v that_o this_o our_o mediolanum_n and_o those_o other_o city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n in_o
as_o ever_o they_o add_v that_o it_o be_v see_v on_o stormy_a as_o well_o as_o calm_a night_n and_o all_o weather_n alike_o but_o that_o any_o great_a noise_n such_o as_o the_o sound_n of_o horn_n the_o discharge_n of_o gun_n etc._n etc._n do_v repel_v or_o extinguish_v it_o by_o which_o mean_n it_o be_v suppose_v they_o have_v save_v several_a ricks_n of_o hay_n and_o corn_n for_o it_o scarce_o fire_v any_o thing_n else_o this_o phaenomenon_n i_o presume_v be_v whole_o new_a and_o unheard_a of_o no_o historian_n or_o philosopher_n describe_v any_o such_o meteor_n for_o we_o never_o read_v that_o any_o of_o those_o fiery_a exhalation_n distinguish_v by_o the_o several_a name_n of_o ignis_fw-la fatuus_fw-la ignis_fw-la lambens_fw-la scintillae_fw-la volantes_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v have_v such_o effect_n as_o thus_o to_o poison_v the_o air_n or_o grass_n so_o as_o to_o render_v it_o infectious_a and_o mortal_a to_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n moreover_o we_o have_v no_o example_n of_o any_o fire_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o be_v of_o such_o consistence_n as_o to_o kindle_v hay_n and_o corn_n to_o consume_v barn_n and_o house_n etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v there_o any_o describe_v to_o move_v so_o regular_o as_o this_o which_o several_a have_v observe_v to_o proceed_v constant_o to_o and_o from_o the_o same_o place_n for_o the_o space_n of_o at_o least_o eight_o month_n wherefore_o see_v the_o effect_n be_v altogether_o strange_a and_o unusual_a they_o that_o will_v account_v for_o it_o must_v search_v out_o some_o cause_v no_o less_o extraordinary_a but_o in_o regard_n that_o may_v not_o be_v do_v if_o at_o all_o without_o make_v observation_n for_o some_o time_n upon_o the_o place_n we_o must_v content_v ourselves_o with_o a_o bare_a relation_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o upon_o the_o first_o hear_v of_o this_o murrain_n among_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n i_o suspect_v those_o locust_n that_o arrive_v in_o this_o country_n about_o two_o month_n before_o may_v occasion_v it_o by_o a_o infection_n of_o the_o air_n proceed_v partly_o from_o the_o corruption_n of_o those_o that_o land_v and_o do_v not_o long_o survive_v in_o this_o cold_a country_n and_o partly_o of_o a_o far_o great_a number_n which_o i_o suppose_v drown_v in_o their_o voyage_n and_o cast_v upon_o these_o coast_n for_o though_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o any_o have_v be_v so_o curious_a as_o to_o search_v the_o seaweed_n for_o they_o in_o this_o county_n yet_o i_o be_o inform_v a_o gentleman_n accidental_o observe_v some_o quantity_n of_o they_o on_o the_o shore_n of_o caernarvonshire_n near_o aber_n dâran_n and_o that_o other_o have_v be_v see_v on_o the_o sand_n of_o the_o severn-sea_n now_o that_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o these_o creature_n be_v drown_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o afterward_o cast_v ashore_o will_v cause_v a_o pestilence_n we_o have_v many_o instance_n in_o author_n 3._o author_n â—_o tho._n â—â—feti_fw-la â—entrum_fw-la â—â—â—rum_fw-la â—_o 3._o and_o particular_o one_o that_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1374._o when_o there_o be_v a_o great_a mortality_n of_o man_n and_o cattle_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o france_n occasion_v by_o locust_n drown_v in_o our_o english_a channel_n and_o cast_v upon_o their_o shore_n friâ—gâ—ns_n oâ—â—o_o friâ—gâ—ns_n but_o whether_o such_o a_o contagious_a vapour_n meet_v with_o a_o viscous_a exhalation_n in_o a_o moorish_a bay_n will_v kindle_v and_o so_o perform_v in_o some_o measure_n such_o a_o devastation_n of_o hay_n and_o corn_n as_o the_o live_a creature_n will_v do_v where_o we_o may_v also_o note_v that_o 1._o â—â—_o 11._o â—1_n 1._o pliny_n say_v of_o they_o multa_fw-la contactu_fw-la adurunt_fw-la i_o must_v recommend_v to_o far_a consideration_n i_o know_v there_o be_v many_o thing_n may_v be_v object_v and_o particular_o the_o duration_n of_o this_o fire_n but_o man_n be_v natural_o so_o fond_a of_o their_o own_o conjecture_n that_o sometime_o they_o can_v conceal_v they_o though_o they_o be_v not_o themselves_o full_o satisfy_v about_o two_o mile_n from_o harlech_n there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a monument_n call_v koeten_v arthur_n it_o be_v a_o large_a stone-table_n somewhat_o of_o a_o oval_a form_n but_o rude_a and_o ill_o shape_v as_o be_v the_o rest_n of_o these_o heathen_a monument_n about_o ten_o foot_n long_o and_o above_o seven_o where_o it_o be_v broad_a two_o foot_n thick_a at_o one_o end_n but_o not_o above_o a_o inch_n at_o the_o other_o it_o be_v place_v on_o three_o rude_a stone-pillar_n each_o about_o half_a a_o yard_n broad_a whereof_o two_o that_o support_v the_o thick_a end_n be_v betwixt_o seven_o and_o eight_o foot_n â—brookâ—â—e_n â—hèch_fw-mi y_fw-mi â—â—bedh_fw-mi in_o â—brookâ—â—e_n but_o the_o three_o at_o the_o other_o end_n about_o three_o foot_n high_a do_v this_o way_n which_o we_o call_v sarn_n helen_n be_v probable_o of_o a_o very_a considerable_a extent_n unless_o we_o shall_v suppose_v the_o same_o helen_n be_v author_n of_o several_a other_o high_a way_n in_o wales_n for_o beside_o the_o place_n here_o mention_v it_o be_v also_o visible_a at_o one_o end_n of_o kraig_n verwyn_n where_o it_o be_v call_v fordh_n gam_fw-la helen_n luedhog_n i.e._n the_o crooked_a road_n of_o helen_n the_o great_a or_o puissant_a and_o i_o observe_v a_o way_n call_v fordh_fw-mi or_o sarn_n helen_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o lhan_n badarn_n odyn_n in_o cardiganshire_n as_o also_o that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o road_n from_o brecknock_n to_o neath_n in_o glamorganshire_n be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o same_o name_n at_o this_o parish_n of_o festiniog_n it_o be_v call_v otherwise_o sarn_n y_fw-fr dhûal_n a_o name_n whereof_o i_o can_v give_v no_o account_n for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o mile_n viz._n from_o rhÅ·d_v your_o hà len_n â—â—â—ad_v â—â—ether_o â—â—â—k_v 〈◊〉_d oâ—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d be_v â—â—e_z call_v 〈◊〉_d or_o â—â—â—er_o eâ—â—e_a 〈◊〉_d â—e_v â—yâ—ar_v 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n 〈…〉_o â—â—â—ad_v to_o kastelh_n dôl_v wydhèlen_v and_o some_o presume_v that_o pont_n aber_n glaslyn_n and_o y_o gymŵynas_n in_o caernarvonshire_n be_v a_o continuation_n of_o the_o same_o road._n on_o a_o mountain_n call_v mikneint_a near_o rhyd_n be_v halen_n within_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n of_o this_o road_n there_o be_v some_o remarkable_a stone-monument_n call_v bedheu_fw-la gwyr_n ardudwy_n i.e._n the_o grave_n of_o the_o man_n of_o ardudwy_n they_o be_v at_o least_o thirty_o in_o number_n and_o each_o grave_n be_v describe_v to_o be_v about_o two_o yard_n long_o and_o to_o be_v distinguish_v by_o four_o pillar_n one_o at_o each_o corner_n of_o a_o grave_a which_o be_v somewhat_o of_o a_o square_a form_n about_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n high_a and_o nine_o inch_n broad_a the_o tradition_n be_v that_o these_o be_v sepulchral_v monument_n of_o some_o person_n of_o note_n slay_v here_o in_o a_o battle_n fight_v betwixt_o the_o man_n of_o dyffryn_n ardudwy_n and_o some_o of_o denbighshire_n that_o they_o be_v indeed_o the_o grave_n of_o man_n slay_v in_o battle_n seem_v scarce_o questionable_a but_o when_o or_o by_o what_o person_n etc._n etc._n be_v whole_o uncertain_a one_o of_o the_o next_o neighbour_n inform_v i_o that_o about_o twelve_o year_n since_o he_o see_v among_o other_o stone_n bring_v hence_o to_o mend_v the_o wall_n of_o festiniog-church-yard_n one_o with_o a_o inscription_n but_o at_o present_a there_o remain_v no_o account_n of_o it_o by_o the_o description_n he_o give_v of_o it_o i_o suppose_v it_o roman_a for_o he_o say_v it_o be_v a_o polish_a stone_n about_o two_o foot_n long_o half_o a_o yard_n broad_a and_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n thick_a whereas_o all_o the_o late_a inscription_n i_o have_v see_v in_o wales_n be_v on_o large_a pillar_n which_o be_v general_o rude_a and_o unpolished_a i_o be_o tell_v there_o be_v also_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o grave_n near_o this_o causeway_n on_o the_o demean_n of_o rhiw_n goch_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o trawsvynydh_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1687._o i_o copy_v this_o inscription_n from_o a_o stone_n call_v bêdh_n porws_n or_o porus_n grave_n near_a lhêch_n idris_n in_o the_o same_o parish_n porius_n hic_fw-la in_o tumulo_fw-la jacit_fw-la homo_fw-la rianus_n fvit_fw-la i_o find_v afterward_o it_o be_v general_o understand_v as_o if_o this_o have_v be_v the_o grave_a of_o one_o of_o the_o first_o christian_n in_o these_o part_n and_o that_o they_o read_v it_o porius_fw-la hic_fw-la in_o tumâ—â—o_fw-la jacit_fw-la homo_fw-la christianus_n fuit_fw-la be_v at_o that_o time_n whole_o unacquainted_a with_o any_o study_n or_o observation_n in_o this_o kind_n perhaps_o i_o may_v not_o transcribe_v it_o with_o that_o accuracy_n i_o ought_v but_o if_o it_o be_v thus_o on_o the_o stone_n which_o i_o must_v recommend_v to_o far_a examination_n it_o can_v never_o bear_v that_o read_n unless_o we_o suppose_v the_o letter_n sti_fw-la omit_v by_o the_o stone-cutter_n after_o ri_n
pile_v they_o up_o in_o heap_n and_o burn_v they_o to_o ash_n which_o be_v afterward_o scatter_v on_o the_o land_n thus_o pare_v do_v so_o enrich_v they_o that_o it_o be_v scarce_o credible_a what_o quantity_n of_o rye_n they_o produce_v nor_o be_v this_o method_n of_o burn_v the_o ground_n any_o late_a invention_n but_o very_o ancient_a as_o appear_v out_o of_o virgil_n and_o horace_n among_o these_o hill_n be_v a_o place_n call_v kerig_n y_o drudion_n or_o druid-stone_n asleep_o and_o at_o voelas_n there_o be_v some_o small_a pillar_n inscribe_v with_o strange_a letter_n which_o some_o suspect_n to_o be_v the_o character_n use_v by_o the_o druid_n b_o not_o far_o from_o klokainog_n we_o read_v this_o inscription_n on_o a_o stone_n amillin_n tovisatoc_n c_o towards_o the_o vale_n where_o these_o mountain_n begin_v to_o be_v thin_a lie_v denbigh_n dâ—nâ—igh_n dâ—nâ—igh_n seat_v on_o a_o steep_a rock_n name_v former_o by_o the_o britain_n kled-uryn_n yn_v rhô_n which_o signify_v the_o craggy_a hill_n in_o ros_n for_o so_o they_o call_v that_o part_n of_o the_o county_n which_o k._n edw._n 1._o bestow_v with_o many_o other_o large_a possession_n on_o davidh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi grufydh_fw-mi brother_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n but_o he_o be_v soon_o after_o attaint_v of_o high_a treason_n and_o behead_v king_n edward_n grant_v it_o to_o henry_n lacie_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n who_o fortify_v it_o with_o a_o very_a strong_a wall_n though_o of_o a_o small_a circumference_n and_o on_o the_o southside_n with_o a_o castle_n adorn_v with_o high_a tower_n but_o his_o only_a son_n be_v unfortunate_o drown_v in_o the_o castle-well_a he_o be_v so_o much_o grieve_v thereat_o that_o he_o desist_v from_o the_o work_n leave_v it_o unfinished_a after_o his_o decease_n this_o town_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o inheritance_n descend_v by_o his_o daughter_n alice_n to_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n from_o who_o also_o when_o that_o family_n decay_v it_o devolve_v first_o by_o the_o bounty_n of_o king_n edw._n 2._o to_o hugh_n spenser_n and_o afterward_o to_o roger_n mortimer_n winchester_n mortimer_n earl_n of_o winchester_n by_o covenant_n with_o king_n edw._n 3._o for_o his_o arm_n be_v see_v on_o the_o chief_a gate_n but_o he_o be_v sentence_v to_o die_v and_o execute_v it_o etc._n it_o with_o the_o cantred_n of_o ross_n and_o riewiâ—ock_n etc._n etc._n fall_v to_o william_n montacute_n salisbury_n montacute_n after_o earl_n of_o salisbury_n earl_n of_o salisbury_n mortimer_n salisbury_n for_o surprise_v of_o mortimer_n though_o soon_o after_o restore_v to_o the_o mortimer_n and_o by_o these_o at_o length_n come_v to_o the_o house_n of_o york_n for_o we_o read_v that_o out_o of_o malice_n to_o k._n edw._n 4._o who_o be_v of_o that_o house_n this_o town_n suffer_v much_o by_o those_o of_o the_o family_n of_o lancaster_n since_o which_o time_n either_o because_o the_o inhabitant_n dislike_v the_o situation_n of_o it_o for_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o place_n be_v no_o way_n convenient_a or_o else_o because_o it_o be_v not_o well_o serve_v with_o water_n they_o remove_v hence_o by_o degree_n insomuch_o that_o the_o old_a town_n be_v now_o desert_v and_o a_o new_a one_o much_o large_a spring_v up_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n which_o be_v so_o populous_a that_o the_o church_n not_o be_v large_a enough_o for_o the_o inhabitant_n they_o have_v now_o begin_v to_o build_v a_o new_a one_o where_o the_o old_a town_n stand_v partly_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o their_o lord_n robert_n earl_n of_o leicester_n and_o partly_o with_o the_o money_n contribute_v for_o that_o use_n by_o several_a well-disposed_a person_n throughout_o england_n this_o robert_n earl_n of_o leicester_n be_v create_v baron_n of_o denbigh_n by_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o the_o year_n 1566_o beget_v 1566_o to_o he_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n lawful_o beget_v nor_o be_v there_o any_o barony_n in_o england_n that_o have_v more_o gentleman_n hold_v thereof_o in_o see_v we_o be_v now_o come_v to_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o county_n câ—ry_n drâ—â—â—_n câ—ry_n where_o nature_n have_v remove_v the_o mountain_n on_o all_o hand_n to_o show_v we_o what_o she_o can_v do_v in_o a_o rough_a country_n have_v spread_v out_o a_o most_o pleasant_a vale_n extend_v from_o south_n to_o north_n 17_o mile_n and_o about_o 5_o in_o breadth_n it_o lie_v open_a only_o to_o the_o ocean_n and_o to_o the_o bâ—â—â—_n the_o â—â—râ—_n bâ—â—â—_n clear_n northwind_n be_v elsewhere_o guard_v with_o high_a mountain_n which_o towards_o the_o east_n especial_o be_v like_o battlement_n or_o turret_n for_o by_o a_o admirable_a artifice_n of_o nature_n the_o top_n of_o these_o mountain_n seem_v to_o resemble_v the_o turret_n of_o wall_n among_o they_o the_o high_a be_v call_v moel_n enlhi_n at_o the_o top_n whereof_o i_o observe_v a_o military_a fence_n or_o rampire_n do_v and_o a_o very_a clear_a spring_n this_o vale_n be_v exceed_o healthy_a fruitful_a and_o afford_v a_o pleasant_a prospect_n the_o complexion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n bright_a and_o cheerful_a their_o head_n of_o a_o sound_a constitution_n their_o sight_n very_o lively_a and_o even_o their_o old_a age_n vigorous_a and_o last_a the_o green_a meadow_n the_o cornfield_n and_o the_o numerous_a village_n and_o church_n in_o this_o vale_n afford_v we_o the_o most_o pleasant_a prospect_n imaginable_a the_o river_n clwyd_n clwyâ—â—_n clwyâ—â—_n from_o the_o very_a fountainhead_n run_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o receive_v on_o each_o side_n a_o great_a number_n of_o rivulet_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o have_v be_v former_o call_v ystrad_n klwyd_n for_o marianus_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o king_n of_o the_o strad-cluid-welsh_a and_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v call_v dyffryn_n klwyd_n i.e._n the_o vale_n of_o cluid_fw-la where_o annâ—â—_n see_v caâ—_n naâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d annâ—â—_n as_o some_o author_n have_v deliver_v certain_a britain_n come_n out_o of_o scotland_n plant_v a_o kingdom_n have_v first_o drive_v out_o the_o english_a which_o be_v seat_v there_o in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o this_o vale_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o river_n lie_v the_o town_n of_o ruthin_n in_o welsh_a rhuthyn_n the_o great_a market_n in_o the_o vale_n and_o a_o very_a populous_a town_n famous_n not_o long_o since_o for_o a_o stately_a castle_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o very_a numerous_a family_n both_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n be_v build_v etc._n build_v by_o reginald_n grey_n to_o who_o k._n eaw_n 1._o grant_v it_o and_o roger_n etc._n etc._n by_o roger_n grey_n with_o permission_n of_o the_o king_n the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n and_o the_o rector_n of_o lhan_n rhûdh_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o that_o parish_n to_o this_o roger_n grey_n in_o consideration_n of_o his_o service_n against_o the_o welsh_a king_n edward_z 1._o grant_v almost_o the_o whole_a vale_n and_o this_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o his_o posterity_n who_o flourish_v under_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o kent_n till_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n grey_n earl_n of_o kent_n and_o lord_n of_o ruthin_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n and_o have_v no_o regard_n to_o his_o brother_n henry_n sell_v this_o ancient_a inheritance_n to_o king_n henry_n 7._o since_o which_o time_n the_o castle_n have_v daily_o decay_v of_o late_o through_o the_o bounty_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n it_o belong_v to_o ambrose_n earl_n of_o warwick_n together_o with_o large_a revenue_n in_o this_o vale._n have_v ascend_v eastward_o out_o of_o this_o valley_n we_o come_v to_o iâl_v a_o small_a mountainous_a tract_n of_o a_o very_a high_a situation_n if_o compare_v with_o the_o neighbour_a country_n for_o no_o river_n run_v into_o it_o from_o any_o other_o country_n though_o it_o pour_v out_o several_a upon_o account_n of_o this_o high_a situation_n it_o be_v a_o very_a rough_a and_o bleak_a country_n and_o much_o subject_n to_o wind_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o it_o may_v receive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o small_a river_n alen_n which_o spring_v up_o in_o this_o country_n by_o undermine_v the_o earth_n hide_v itself_o in_o one_o or_o two_o place_n these_o mountain_n be_v well_o store_v with_o ox_n sheep_n and_o goat_n and_o the_o valley_n in_o some_o place_n be_v pretty_a fertile_a in_o corn_n especial_o on_o the_o east_n part_n on_o this_o side_n alen_n but_o the_o western_a be_v somewhat_o barren_a and_o in_o some_o place_n mere_a heath_n and_o desert_n it_o have_v nothing_o in_o it_o memorable_a except_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o small_a monastery_n decay_v monastery_n now_o whole_o decay_v seat_v very_o pleasant_o in_o a_o valley_n which_o among_o woody_a hill_n be_v extend_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o cross_n whence_o it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o vale-crucis_a â—e-â—â—is_a â—e-â—â—is_a whereas_o in_o british_n it_o be_v call_v lhan_n gwest_n eastward_o of_o iâl_n the_o territory_n of_o maelor_n gymraeg_n or_o welsh_a maelor_n call_v in_o english_a bromfield_n be_v
sphaera_fw-la to_o be_v bear_v in_o it_o but_o it_o be_v more_o remarkable_a for_o the_o parochial_a the_o it_o have_v in_o it_o twelve_o chapel_n subject_a to_o the_o mother-church_n of_o halifax_n then_o whereof_o be_v parochial_a unusual_a extent_n and_o largeness_n of_o the_o parish_n which_o have_v under_o it_o eleven_o chapel_n two_o whereof_z be_v parochial_a and_o about_o twelve_o thousand_o man_n in_o it_o so_o that_o the_o parishioner_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v they_o can_v reckon_v more_o man_n in_o their_o parish_n than_o any_o kind_n of_o animal_n whatsoever_o whereas_o in_o the_o most_o populous_a and_o fruitful_a place_n of_o england_n elsewhere_o one_o shall_v find_v thousand_o of_o sheep_n but_o so_o few_o man_n in_o proportion_n that_o one_o will_v think_v they_o have_v give_v place_n to_o sheep_n and_o ox_n or_o be_v devour_v by_o they_o but_o of_o all_o other_o nothing_o be_v so_o admirable_a in_o this_o town_n as_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o 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where_o the_o mark_n of_o a_o old_a rampire_n and_o some_o ruin_n of_o a_o wall_n and_o of_o a_o castle_n well_o guard_v with_o a_o triple_a fortification_n be_v plain_o visible_a some_o will_v have_v it_o the_o remain_v of_o olicana_n but_o it_o be_v real_o the_o ruin_n of_o cambodunum_n which_o be_v by_o a_o mistake_n in_o ptolemy_n call_v camulodunum_n and_o version_n and_o it_o be_v in_o king_n alfred_n paraphrase_n render_v donafelda_n a_o ms._n bede_n have_v it_o attamen_fw-la in_o campo_n dono_fw-la ubi_fw-la tunc_fw-la etiam_fw-la villa_n regius_fw-la erat_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o so_o the_o print_a edition_n at_o louvain_n an._n 1566._o whence_o probable_o come_v stapleton_n mistake_n in_o translate_n it_o champion_n call_v down_o in_o his_o english_a version_n make_v two_o word_n by_o bede_n campo-dunum_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o distance_n which_o antoninus_n make_v between_o that_o and_o mancunium_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n and_o that_o and_o calcaria_n on_o the_o other_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v make_v a_o great_a figure_n in_o the_o world_n for_o it_o be_v then_o a_o royal_a seat_n and_o grace_v with_o a_o â—â—â—â—ca_fw-la â—â—â—â—ca_fw-la cathedral_n build_v by_o paulinus_n the_o apostle_n of_o these_o part_n and_o dedicate_v to_o st._n alban_n whence_o for_o albanbury_n it_o be_v now_o call_v almonbury_n but_o in_o those_o cruel_a war_n that_o ceadwall_n the_o britain_n and_o penda_n the_o mercian_n make_v upon_o edwin_n the_o prince_n of_o these_o territory_n it_o be_v burn_v down_o which_o in_o some_o measure_n appear_v in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o stone_n to_o this_o day_n afterward_o a_o castle_n be_v build_v here_o which_o as_o i_o have_v read_v be_v confirm_v to_o henry_n lacie_n by_o king_n stephen_n o_fw-fr â—â—ey_n â—â—ey_n not_o far_o from_o this_o stand_v whitley_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o famous_a family_n of_o the_o beaumont_n which_o be_v different_a and_o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o baron_n and_o viscount_n beaumont_n and_o flourish_v in_o england_n before_o they_o come_v over_o the_o calder_n have_v pass_v by_o these_o place_n run_v on_o to_o kirkley_n â—â—â—ley_n â—â—â—ley_n heretofore_o a_o nunnery_n thence_o to_o robin_n hood_n tomb_n who_o be_v a_o generous_a robber_n and_o very_o famous_a 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o so_o to_o deusborrough_n situate_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n whether_o this_o name_n be_v derive_v from_o dui_o that_o local_a deity_n already_o mention_v i_o can_v determine_v the_o name_n be_v not_o unlike_a for_o it_o resemble_v duis_n burgh_n in_o sound_n and_o this_o town_n have_v be_v considerable_a from_o the_o early_a date_n of_o christianity_n among_o the_o english_a of_o this_o province_n for_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v of_o a_o it_o a_o there_o be_v nothing_o now_o appear_v of_o this_o cross_n and_o a_o ancient_a minister_n of_o those_o parâ—s_n a_o native_a of_o the_o place_n affirm_v that_o his_o father_n though_o 30_o year_n vicar_n there_o never_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o it_o cross_n yet_o to_o be_v see_v here_o with_o this_o inscription_n paulinus_n hic_fw-la praedicavit_fw-la et_fw-la celebravit_fw-la that_o be_v paulinus_n here_o preach_v and_o celebrate_v divine_v service_n that_o this_o paulinus_n be_v the_o first_o archbishop_n of_o york_n about_o the_o year_n 626._o we_o be_v assure_v by_o the_o concur_v evidence_n of_o our_o historian_n from_o hence_o it_o go_v by_o thornhill_n which_o from_o a_o knightly_a family_n of_o that_o name_n halifax_n name_n it_o be_v now_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o halifax_n descend_v to_o the_o savil_n and_o so_o calder_n march_v to_o wakefield_n wakefield_n wakefield_n a_o town_n famous_a for_o its_o cloath-trade_n largeness_n neat_a building_n great_a market_n and_o for_o the_o bridge_n upon_o which_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o build_v a_o very_a neat_a chapel_n in_o memory_n of_o those_o that_o be_v cut_v off_o in_o a_o battle_n here_o this_o town_n belong_v heretofore_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o warren_n and_o surâ—y_n as_o also_o sandal-castle_n just_a by_o build_v by_o john_n earl_n of_o warren_n who_o mind_n be_v never_o free_a from_o the_o slavish_a dictate_v of_o his_o own_o lust_n for_o be_v too_o familiar_a with_o the_o wife_n of_o thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n his_o design_n be_v to_o detain_v she_o there_o secure_o from_o her_o husband_n below_o this_o town_n when_o england_n be_v embroil_v with_o civil_a war_n richard_z duke_z of_o york_n and_o father_n of_o edw._n 4_o who_o temper_n be_v rather_o to_o provoke_v fortune_n than_o quiet_o to_o court_v and_o expect_v it_o be_v here_o slay_v among_o many_o other_o by_o the_o lancastrian_n the_o ground_n hereabout_o for_o a_o pretty_a way_n together_o be_v call_v the_o lordship_n of_o wakefield_n and_o have_v always_o some_o one_o or_o other_o of_o the_o gentry_n for_o its_o seneschal_n or_o steward_n a_o office_n often_o administer_v by_o the_o savil_n savil_n savil_n a_o very_a numerous_a family_n in_o these_o part_n and_o at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n j._n savil_n knight_n who_o exceed_v neat_a house_n appear_v at_o howley_n howley_n howley_n not_o far_o off_o p_o about_o five_o mile_n from_o wakefield_n the_o river_n calder_n lose_v both_o its_o name_n and_o water_n in_o the_o river_n are._n upon_o the_o confluence_n stand_v medley_n medley_n medley_n former_o medeley_n so_o call_v from_o its_o situation_n as_o edge_v in_o between_o two_o river_n in_o the_o last_o age_n this_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o robert_n of_o sir_n robert_n robert_n warerton_n master_n of_o the_o horse_n to_o k._n henry_n the_o four_o but_o at_o present_a of_o the_o famous_a assiz_n famous_a in_o the_o church_n of_o this_o place_n there_o be_v a_o stately_a monument_n for_o he_o which_o acquaint_v we_o that_o he_o be_v exit_fw-la speciali_fw-la gratia_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o proprio_fw-la comitatu_fw-la svo_fw-la justiciar_fw-la assiz_n sir_n john_n savil_n a_o most_o worthy_a baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n who_o must_v be_v ingenuous_o own_a not_o only_o to_o have_v promote_v this_o work_n by_o his_o great_a learning_n but_o also_o to_o have_v encourage_v the_o author_n of_o it_o by_o his_o humanity_n and_o kindness_n the_o river_n be_v issue_v from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o mountain_n pennigent_a which_o be_v the_o high_a in_o these_o part_n river_n be_v river_n at_o first_o seem_v doubtful_a whether_o it_o shall_v run_v forward_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o return_v into_o its_o spring_n be_v so_o wind_a and_o crooked_a that_o in_o travel_v this_o way_n i_o have_v it_o to_o pass_v over_o seven_o time_n in_o half_a a_o hour_n upon_o a_o strait_a road_n it_o be_v course_n be_v calm_a and_o quiet_a so_o easy_a that_o it_o hardly_o appear_v to_o flow_v and_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n this_o have_v occasion_v its_o name_n for_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o the_o british_a word_n ara_fw-la signify_v
and_o all_o along_o the_o rivulet_n that_o run_v by_o the_o well_o for_o a_o mile_n or_o more_o this_o never_o degenerate_v into_o the_o common_a roman_a or_o french_a sorrel_n persicaria_n siliquosa_fw-la ger._n noli_fw-la i_o tangere_fw-la j._n b._n mercurialis_n sylvestris_fw-la noli_fw-la i_o tangere_fw-la dicta_fw-la sive_fw-la persicaria_n siliquosa_fw-la park_n balsamine_n lutea_fw-la sive_fw-la noli_fw-la i_o tangere_fw-la c._n b._n cod_v arsmart_v quick_a in_o hand_n touch_v i_o not_o i_o observe_v it_o grow_v plentiful_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o winander-mere_a near_o ambleside_n and_o in_o many_o other_o place_n rubia_n erecta_fw-la quadrifolia_fw-la j._n b._n cross-wort-mad_a near_a orton_n winander-mere_a and_o elsewhere_o in_o this_o county_n plentiful_o salix_fw-la folio_fw-la laureo_fw-la sive_fw-la lato_n glabro_fw-la odorato_fw-la p._n b._n bay-leaved_a sweet_a willow_n frequent_v by_o the_o river-side_n in_o the_o meadow_n among_o the_o mountain_n tormentilla_n argentea_fw-la park_n alpina_n folio_fw-la sericeo_fw-la c._n b._n pentaphyllum_fw-la seu_fw-la potiùs_fw-la heptaphyllum_fw-la argenteum_fw-la flore_fw-la muscoso_fw-la j._n b._n pentaphyllum_fw-la petrosum_fw-la heptaphyllum_fw-la clusii_n ger._n vera_fw-la &_o genuina_fw-la alchymillae_fw-la species_n est_fw-la cinquefoil_n ladies-mantle_n on_o the_o rock_n by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o lake_n call_v huls-water_n or_o as_o some_o write_v it_o ulles-water_n to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v lunaria_n minor_fw-la ramosa_fw-la &_o lunaria_n minor_fw-la foliis_fw-la dissectis_fw-la that_o be_v branch_a moon-wort_n and_o cut-leaved_a moon-wort_n both_o observe_v by_o mr._n lawson_n at_o great_a strickland_n though_o they_o be_v i_o suppose_v but_o accidental_a variety_n vitis_n idaea_n magna_fw-la sive_fw-la myrtillus_n grandis_fw-la j._n b._n the_o great_a billberry_n bush_n in_o the_o forest_n of_o whinfield_n mr._n lawson_n cumberland_n before_o westmoreland_n to_o the_o west_n be_v stretch_v out_o cumberland_n in_o latin_a cumbria_n the_o far_a county_n in_o this_o part_n of_o england_n as_o bound_v upon_o scotland_n to_o the_o north_n encompass_v by_o the_o irish-sea_n on_o the_o south_n and_o west_n and_o on_o the_o east_n above_o westmoreland_n border_v upon_o northumberland_n the_o name_n it_o have_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o be_v the_o true_a and_o genuine_a britain_n and_o call_v themselves_o in_o their_o own_o language_n kumbri_n and_o kambri_n for_o that_o the_o britain_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o saxon_a war_n post_v themselves_o here_o for_o a_o long_a time_n we_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o our_o history_n and_o of_o marianus_n himself_o who_o call_v this_o county_n cumbrorum_n terra_fw-la i.e._n the_o land_n of_o the_o cumbri_n not_o to_o mention_v the_o many_o name_n of_o place_n pure_o british_n such_o be_v caer-luel_a caer-dronoc_a pen-rith_a pen-rodoc_a etc._n etc._n which_o be_v a_o plain_a evidence_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o a_o pregnant_a proof_n of_o my_o assertion_n asleep_o the_o country_n though_o the_o northern_a situation_n render_v it_o cold_a and_o the_o mountain_n rough_a and_o uneven_a have_v yet_o a_o variety_n which_o yield_v a_o prospect_n very_o agreeable_a it_o agreeable_a and_o give_v contenâ—ment_n to_o as_o many_o as_o travel_v it_o for_o after_o verrucosas_fw-la after_o verrucosas_fw-la swell_a rock_n and_o the_o crowd_v mountain_n big_a as_o it_o be_v with_o metal_n between_o which_o be_v lake_n store_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o wild_a fowl_n you_o come_v to_o rich_a hill_n clothe_v with_o flock_n of_o sheep_n and_o below_o they_o be_v spread_v out_o pleasant_a large_a plain_n which_o be_v tolerable_o fruitful_a the_o ocean_n also_o which_o beat_v upon_o this_o shore_n afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o the_o best_a fish_n and_o as_o it_o be_v upbraid_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o their_o idleness_n in_o not_o apply_v themselves_o close_a to_o the_o fish_n trade_n the_o south_n part_n of_o this_o 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〈…〉_o to_o hold_v by_o one_o knight_n service_n who_o shall_v be_v ready_a upon_o the_o king_n summons_n to_o serve_v in_o the_o war_n of_o wales_n and_o scotland_n he_o leave_v a_o daughter_n the_o wife_n of_o william_n fitz-duncan_n of_o the_o blood-royal_a of_o scotland_n by_o who_o daughter_n also_o the_o estate_n come_v to_o the_o family_n of_o the_o lucy_n and_o from_o they_o by_o the_o moltons_n and_o fitz-walters_n the_o title_n of_o egremont_n descend_v to_o the_o radcliff_n earl_n of_o sussex_n notwithstanding_o thomas_n notwithstanding_o sir_n thomas_n th._n percy_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o enjoy_v that_o title_n for_o some_o time_n and_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n by_o the_o name_n of_o thomas_n percy_n of_o egremont_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o from_o s._n bee_n the_o shore_n draw_v itself_o in_o by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o ruin_n have_v be_v fortify_v by_o the_o roman_n in_o all_o such_o place_n as_o be_v convenient_a for_o 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praee_n g._n pompeius_n m_o saturnin_n as_o also_o this_o fragment_n which_o be_v copy_v out_o and_o send_v i_o by_o mr._n j._n fletcher_n lord_n of_o the_o place_n ob_fw-la prospe_n ritatem_fw-la
biwell_n biwell_n which_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n be_v the_o barony_n of_o hugh_n balliol_n for_o which_o he_o stand_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o ward_n of_o newcastle_n upon_o tine_n thirty_o knight_n service_n below_o this_o castle_n there_o be_v a_o most_o comely_a wear_v weare_n a_o weare_n for_o catch_v of_o salmon_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o river_n stand_v two_o firm_a pillar_n of_o stone_n which_o former_o support_v a_o bridge_n hence_o tine_n run_v under_o prudhow-castle_n in_o old_a writing_n prodhow_n prudhow_n prudhow_n which_o be_v pleasant_o seat_v on_o the_o ridge_n of_o a_o hill_n this_o till_o i_o be_o better_a inform_v i_o shall_v guess_v to_o be_v protolitia_n protolitia_fw-la protolitia_fw-la which_o be_v also_o write_a procolitia_n and_o be_v the_o station_n of_o the_o first_o cohort_n of_o the_o batavi_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o gallant_o maintain_v itself_o in_o the_o day_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o against_o the_o siege_n of_o 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be_v vice-admiral_n of_o england_n a._n d._n 1410._o and_o bring_v such_o plenty_n of_o prize_n in_o cloth_n corn_n and_o other_o valuable_a commodity_n from_o scotland_n that_o he_o get_v the_o byname_n of_o robin_n mendmarket_n j._n stow_n in_o hen._n 4._o umfranvils_n umfranvils_n umfranvils_n a_o eminent_a family_n out_o of_o which_o sir_n gilbert_n a_o knight_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n made_z earl_n of_o angus_z in_o scotland_n the_o true_a heiress_n of_o the_o blood_n as_o our_o lawyer_n express_v it_o be_v at_o length_n marry_v into_o the_o family_n of_o the_o talboys_n and_o after_o that_o this_o castle_n be_v by_o the_o king_n bounty_n confer_v upon_o the_o duke_n of_o bedford_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o wall_n beyond_o s._n oswald_n the_o foundation_n of_o the_o two_o fort_n which_o they_o call_v castle-steed_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o wall_n and_o then_o a_o place_n call_v portgate_n portgate_n portgate_n where_o as_o the_o word_n in_o both_o language_n fair_o evince_n there_o be_v former_o a_o gate_n or_o sally-port_n through_o it_o beneath_o this_o and_o more_o within_o the_o wall_n stand_v halton-hall_n the_o present_a seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o valorous_a family_n of_o the_o shire_n the_o this_o family_n have_v be_v a_o good_a while_n in_o this_o county_n william_n carnaby_n esq_n have_v be_v sheriff_n of_o it_o in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o hen._n 6._o but_o it_o be_v likely_a it_o come_v from_o carnaby_n near_o bridlington_n in_o the_o east-riding_a of_o york_n shire_n carnaby_n and_o hard_a by_o aidon-castle_n which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o barony_n of_o the_o forementioned_a hugh_n balliol_n now_o since_o a_o great_a many_o place_n on_o the_o wall_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o aidon_n aidon_n aidon_n and_o the_o same_o word_n in_o the_o british_a tongue_n signify_v a_o military_a wing_n ala_fw-la militaris_fw-la or_o troop_v of_o horse_n many_o whereof_o be_v as_o the_o 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many_o baron_n we_o have_v signum_fw-la walteri_fw-la de_fw-fr bolebec_n bar._n seld._n tit._n of_o hon._n par_fw-fr 2._o c._n 5._o p_o 571._o one_o isabel_n de_fw-fr bolebec_n countess_n of_o oxford_n first_o found_v a_o covent_n of_o dominican_n in_o that_o city_n for_o which_o the_o university_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o reverence_v her_o memory_n hugh_n de_fw-fr bolebec_n who_o by_o the_o mother_n 〈◊〉_d b_o â—â—â—y_v 〈◊〉_d be_v descend_v from_o the_o noble_a baron_n of_o montfichet_a and_o have_v no_o other_o issue_n than_o daughter_n marry_v to_o ralph_n lord_n greistock_n j._n lovel_n huntercomb_n and_o corbet_n and_o now_o near_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o tine_n 〈◊〉_d nâ—wcaâ—â—â—â—_n upâ—n_n 〈◊〉_d stand_v newcastle_n the_o glory_n of_o all_o the_o town_n in_o this_o country_n it_o be_v ennoble_v by_o a_o haven_n on_o the_o tine_n which_o be_v of_o that_o depth_n as_o to_o carry_v vessel_n of_o very_a good_a burden_n and_o of_o that_o security_n that_o they_o be_v in_o no_o hazard_n of_o either_o storm_n or_o shallow_n g_o it_o be_v situation_n be_v climb_v and_o very_o uneven_a on_o the_o northern_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n which_o be_v cross_v by_o a_o very_a fair_a bridge_n as_o you_o enter_v the_o town_n from_o hence_o you_o have_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o castle_n overtop_v you_o and_o thereafter_o a_o very_a steep_a brow_n of_o a_o hill_n on_o the_o right_n you_o have_v the_o marketplace_n and_o the_o best_a build_v part_n of_o the_o town_n from_o which_o to_o the_o upper_a and_o far_o large_a part_n the_o ascent_n be_v a_o little_a troublesome_a it_o be_v beautify_v with_o four_o church_n r_o and_o defend_v by_o exceed_v strong_a wall_n wherein_o be_v seven_o gate_n and_o a_o great_a many_o turret_n what_o it_o be_v ancient_o be_v not_o yet_o discover_v i_o be_o very_o inclinable_a to_o think_v it_o be_v gabrosentum_n since_o gateshead_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v its_o suburb_n be_v a_o word_n of_o the_o same_o signification_n with_o that_o british_a name_n derive_v from_o goat_n as_o have_v be_v
of_o scotland_n be_v contain_v in_o less_o bound_n be_v divide_v from_o england_n by_o the_o water_n of_o tweed_n to_o carhoom_n then_o by_o keddon-burn_a haddon-rigg_a black-down-hill_n morsla-hill_n battinbuss-hill_n to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o river_n keal_n and_o ted_n after_o by_o kersop-burn_a liderwater_n esk_n to_o the_o tod-holls_a the_o marchdike_n to_o white-sack_n and_o solloway-frith_n on_o the_o west_n it_o have_v the_o irish-sea_n on_o the_o north_n the_o deucaledonian_n and_o on_o the_o east_n the_o german_a ocean_n on_o all_o which_o side_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n it_o have_v several_a isle_n belong_v to_o it_o from_o the_o mule_n of_o galloway_n in_o the_o south_n to_o dungsbay-head_n in_o the_o east-point_n of_o cathness_n in_o the_o north_n it_o be_v about_o 250_o mile_n long_o and_o betwixt_o buchan-ness_a on_o the_o east_n sea_n and_o ardnamurchan-point_n on_o the_o west_n 150_o mile_n broad_a the_o most_o southerly_a part_n of_o it_o about_o whitern_n be_v 54_o degree_n 54_o min._n in_o latitude_n and_o in_o longitude_n 15_o degree_n 40_o min._n the_o northermost_a part_n the_o abovementioned_a dungsbay-head_n be_v 58_o degree_n 32_o some_o say_v 30._o min._n in_o latitude_n and_o 17_o degree_n 50_o minute_n in_o longitude_n the_o long_a day_n be_v about_o 18_o hour_n and_o two_o minute_n and_o the_o short_a night_n 5_o hour_n and_o 45_o minute_n temperate_a the_o air_n temperate_a it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o caesar_n say_v of_o britain_n coelum_fw-la gallico_n temperatius_fw-la for_o even_o in_o scotland_n the_o air_n be_v more_o mild_a and_o temperate_a than_o in_o the_o continent_n under_o the_o same_o climate_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o warm-vapour_n from_o the_o sea_n upon_o all_o side_n and_o the_o continual_a breeze_n of_o the_o wind_n from_o thence_o the_o heat_n in_o summer_n be_v no_o way_n scorch_v the_o constant_a wind_n purify_v the_o air_n and_o keep_v it_o always_o in_o motion_n so_o that_o it_o be_v seldom_o any_o epidemic_a disease_n rage_v here_o scotland_n hill_n in_o scotland_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n be_v hilly_a and_o mountainous_a there_o be_v but_o few_o plain_n and_o they_o of_o no_o great_a extent_n those_o they_o have_v be_v general_o by_o the_o seaside_n and_o from_o thence_o the_o ground_n begin_v to_o rise_v sensible_o the_o far_a in_o the_o country_n the_o high_a so_o that_o the_o great_a hill_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o hill_n especial_o upon_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o country_n breed_v abundance_n of_o cow_n which_o not_o only_o afford_v store_n of_o butter_n and_o cheese_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o likewise_o considerable_a profit_n by_o the_o vent_n of_o their_o hide_n and_o tallow_n and_o the_o great_a number_n that_o be_v sell_v in_o england_n when_o there_o be_v no_o prohibition_n their_o size_n as_o also_o that_o of_o their_o sheep_n be_v but_o small_a but_o the_o meat_n of_o both_o of_o a_o exceed_o fine_a taste_n and_o very_o nourish_v the_o highland_n afford_v great_a flock_n of_o goat_n with_o store_n of_o deer_n and_o be_v clear_v from_o wolf_n the_o whole_a country_n have_v good_a store_n and_o variety_n of_o fowl_n both_o tame_a and_o wild_a the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n 〈◊〉_d quaity_n 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d compare_v in_o general_a with_o that_o of_o england_n be_v not_o near_o so_o good_a it_o be_v common_o more_o fit_a for_o pasture_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n be_v very_o well_o water_v where_o the_o surface_n be_v lean_a there_o be_v find_v metal_n and_o mineral_n and_o considerable_a quanties_n of_o lead_n be_v export_v yearly_o there_o be_v also_o good_a copper_n but_o they_o will_v not_o be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o work_v it_o but_o in_o much_o of_o the_o inland_n country_n especial_o where_o it_o lie_v upon_o some_o of_o the_o frith_n the_o soil_n be_v very_o good_a and_o there_o all_o sort_n of_o grain_n grow_v that_o be_v usual_a in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o britain_n the_o wheat_n be_v frequent_o export_v by_o merchant_n to_o spain_n holland_n and_o norwey_n barley_n grow_v plentiful_o and_o their_o oat_n be_v extreme_a good_a afford_v bread_n of_o a_o clean_a and_o wholesome_a nourishment_n in_o the_o low-ground_n they_o have_v store_n of_o pease_n and_o bean_n which_o for_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o feed_n be_v much_o use_v by_o the_o labour_a people_n in_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v not_o so_o fit_a for_o grain_n these_o grow_v great_a wood_n of_o timber_n to_o a_o vast_a bigness_n especial_o firr-tree_n which_o be_v find_v to_o thrive_v best_a in_o stony_a ground_n spring_n of_o mineral-water_n which_o the_o people_n find_v useful_a in_o several_a disease_n be_v common_a enough_o no_o country_n be_v better_a provide_v with_o fish_n beside_o flock_n of_o small_a whale_n the_o porpess_n and_o the_o meerswine_n frequent_o cast_v in_o great_a whale_n of_o the_o baleen_n or_o whale-bone_n kind_a and_o of_o the_o sperma_fw-la ceti_fw-la kind_n be_v cast_v now_o and_o then_o upon_o several_a part_n of_o the_o shore_n beside_o the_o grain_n and_o other_o commodity_n already_o name_v the_o merchant_n export_n alabaster_n linen_n and_o woollen_a cloth_n freeze_v plaid_n play_v stuff_n stocking_n malt_n and_o meal_n skin_n of_o rabbit_n hare_n etc._n etc._n fish_n egg_n ochre_n marble_n coal_n and_o salt_n the_o christian_a religion_n be_v very_o early_o plant_v here_o scoâ—land_n chrisâ—nity_n 〈◊〉_d in_o scoâ—land_n for_o tertullian_n word_n britannorum_fw-la inaccessa_fw-la romanis_n loca_fw-la christo_fw-la verò_fw-la subdita_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o island_n possess_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o separate_v by_o a_o wall_n from_o that_o part_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o roman_n the_o religion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n establish_v by_o law_n be_v that_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o confession_n of_o faith_n authorise_a in_o the_o first_o parliament_n of_o king_n james_n 6._o and_o define_v in_o the_o 19_o article_n of_o the_o say_a confession_n to_o be_v that_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o write_a word_n of_o god_n for_o the_o promotion_n of_o learning_n they_o have_v four_o university_n st._n andrews_n glasgow_n aberdeen_n scoâ—land_n learnâ—â—â—_n in_o scoâ—land_n and_o edinburgh_n wherein_o be_v professor_n of_o most_o of_o the_o liberal_a art_n endow_v with_o competent_a salary_n the_o division_n of_o scotland_n all_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o island_n of_o britain_n be_v ancient_o inhabit_v by_o the_o pict_n who_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o nation_n the_o dicalidonii_n and_o vecturiones_n of_o who_o i_o have_v speak_v already_o out_o of_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n but_o when_o the_o scot_n have_v get_v possession_n of_o this_o tract_n it_o be_v share_v into_o seven_o part_n among_o seven_o prince_n as_o we_o have_v it_o in_o a_o little_a ancient_a book_n of_o the_o division_n of_o scotland_n in_o these_o word_n the_o first_o part_n contain_v enegus_fw-la and_o maern_n the_o second_o atheodl_n and_o goverin_n the_o three_o stradeern_a with_o meneted_a the_o four_o be_v forthever_o the_o five_o mar_n with_o buchen_n the_o six_o muref_n and_o ross_n the_o seven_o cathness_n which_o mound_n a_o mountain_n divide_v in_o the_o midst_n run_v along_o from_o the_o western_a to_o the_o eastern_a sea_n after_o that_o the_o same_o author_n report_v from_o the_o relation_n of_o andrew_n bishop_n of_o cathness_n that_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v divide_v likewise_o into_o seven_o territory_n the_o first_o from_o fryth_n so_o term_v by_o the_o britain_n by_o the_o roman_n worid_n now_o scottwade_v to_o the_o river_n tae_n the_o second_o from_o hilef_n as_o the_o sea_n surround_v it_o to_o a_o mountain_n in_o the_o north-east_n part_n of_o sterling_n name_v athran_n the_o three_o from_o hilef_n to_o dee_fw-mi the_o four_o from_o dee_n to_o the_o river_n spe._n the_o five_o from_o spe_fw-mi to_o the_o mountain_n brunalban_n the_o six_o mure_n and_o ross_z the_o seven_o the_o kingdom_n of_o argathel_n as_o it_o be_v the_o border_n of_o the_o scot_n who_o be_v so_o call_v from_o gathelgas_n their_o captain_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o andâ—â—_n 〈…〉_o and._n 〈…〉_o andâ—â—_n manner_n and_o way_n of_o live_v it_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o high-land-man_n and_o low-land-man_n these_o be_v more_o civilise_a and_o use_v the_o language_n and_o habit_n of_o the_o english_a the_o other_o more_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a and_o use_v that_o of_o the_o irish_a as_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v and_o shall_v discourse_v hereafter_o out_o of_o this_o division_n i_o exclude_v the_o borderer_n â—â—â—derers_n â—â—â—derers_n because_o they_o by_o the_o bless_a and_o happy_a union_n enjoy_v the_o sunshine_n of_o peace_n on_o every_o side_n be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o live_v in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n and_o begin_v be_v sufficient_o tire_v with_o war_n to_o grow_v
dunrobin_n castle_n a_o place_n of_o the_o great_a note_n in_o these_o part_n addition_n part_n see_v the_o addition_n the_o principal_a seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a earl_n of_o sutherland_n sutherland_n earl_n of_o sutherland_n of_o the_o family_n if_o i_o mistake_v not_o of_o murray_n of_o who_o william_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n robert_n brus_n be_v most_o famous_a who_o marry_v k._n david_n own_o sister_n and_o have_v by_o she_o a_o son_n who_o k._n david_n declare_v his_o successor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o who_o he_o make_v his_o noble_n swear_v allegiance_n but_o he_o die_v a_o little_a after_o without_o issue_n and_o the_o earldom_n in_o the_o end_n come_v hereditary_o by_o a_o daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o a._n gordon_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o huntley_n o_fw-la cathnes_n somewhat_o high_a lie_v cathnes_n butt_v upon_o the_o german_a ocean_n indent_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o many_o wind_n and_o break_n of_o the_o shore_n here_o in_o ptolemie_n time_n dwell_v the_o catini_n false_o write_v in_o some_o copy_n carini_n carini_n the_o carini_n among_o who_o the_o same_o ptolemy_n place_n the_o river_n ila_n ila_n the_o river_n ila_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v the_o now_o wifle_n graze_v and_o fish_v be_v the_o chief_a income_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n the_o chief_a castle_n therein_o be_v call_v girnego_n the_o general_a residence_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o cathnes_n the_o episcopal_a see_v be_v at_o dornok_n a_o village_n if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o that_o obscure_a where_o likewise_o k._n james_n the_o four_o appoint_v the_o sheriff_n of_o cathnes_n to_o reside_v or_o else_o at_o wik_n as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v justice_n require_v for_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n the_o earl_n of_o cathnes_n cathâ—â—â—_n earl_n 〈◊〉_d cathâ—â—â—_n be_v ancient_o the_o same_o with_o the_o earl_n of_o the_o orcades_n but_o afterward_o become_v distinct_a and_o by_o the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o one_o malise_n give_v in_o marriage_n to_o william_n sincler_n the_o king_n pantler_n his_o posterity_n come_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v earl_n of_o cathnes_n which_o they_o still_o enjoy_v p_o strathnavern_a the_o utmost_a coast_n of_o all_o britain_n which_o with_o the_o front_n of_o the_o shore_n look_v full_a against_o the_o north-pole_n and_o have_v the_o middle_a of_o the_o tail_n of_o ursa_n major_n which_o as_o cardan_n be_v of_o opinion_n cause_n translation_n of_o empire_n just_a over_o its_o head_n be_v inhabit_v as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o ptolemy_n by_o the_o cornabii_n cornabii_n cornabii_n among_o they_o he_o place_v the_o river_n nabeus_n riveâ—_n nabeus_n a_o riveâ—_n which_o name_n be_v so_o near_o relate_v in_o sound_n that_o the_o people_n seem_v to_o have_v take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o river_n they_o dwell_v upon_o neither_o be_v the_o modern_a name_n strathnavern_a that_o be_v the_o valley_n by_o the_o navern_n altogether_o unlike_o they_o in_o sound_n this_o country_n have_v little_a cause_n to_o brag_v of_o its_o fertility_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v very_o thin_o inhabit_v and_o thereupon_o extreme_o infest_a with_o the_o fierce_a of_o wolf_n wolf_n wolf_n which_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o country_n not_o only_o furious_o set_v upon_o whole_a drove_n of_o cattle_n but_o even_o upon_o the_o inhabitant_n themselves_o to_o their_o manifest_a danger_n insomuch_o that_o not_o only_o in_o this_o but_o many_o other_o part_n of_o scotland_n the_o sheriff_n and_o respective_a inhabitant_n be_v bind_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o their_o several_a sheriffdom_n to_o go_v a_o hunt_n thrice_o every_o year_n to_o destroy_v the_o wolf_n and_o their_o whelp_n but_o if_o in_o this_o northern_a country_n that_o may_v be_v any_o comfort_n to_o they_o it_o certain_o of_o all_o britain_n have_v the_o short_a night_n and_o long_a day_n for_o by_o its_o be_v distance_v 59_o degree_n and_o 40_o minute_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la the_o long_a day_n day_n the_o longeâ—â—_n day_n be_v 18_o hour_n and_o 25_o minute_n and_o the_o short_a night_n 5_o hour_n and_o 45_o minute_n so_o that_o the_o ancient_a panegyrist_n be_v in_o the_o wrong_n when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o set_v at_o all_o here_o but_o slip_v aside_o and_o glance_v upon_o the_o horizon_n rely_v upon_o the_o authority_n of_o tacitus_n that_o the_o extreme_a point_n and_o plain_a level_v of_o the_o earth_n have_v low_a shade_n raise_v up_o no_o darkness_n at_o all_o but_o pliny_n speak_v more_o truth_n and_o reason_n where_o he_o treat_v of_o the_o long_a day_n according_a to_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o solar_n circle_n to_o the_o horizon_n the_o long_a day_n say_v he_o in_o italy_n be_v fifteen_o hour_n in_o britain_n seventeen_o where_o the_o light_a night_n in_o summer_n prove_v that_o by_o experience_n which_o reason_n will_v oblige_v one_o to_o believe_v that_o at_o the_o solstice_n when_o the_o sun_n approach_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n under_o the_o pole_n have_v day_n six_o month_n 〈…〉_o â—â—â—â—sto_fw-it 〈…〉_o through_o the_o light_n be_v have_v but_o a_o narrow_a compass_n and_o night_n for_o so_o long_o when_o it_o be_v far_o remote_a in_o winter_n in_o this_o utmost_a tract_n by_o ptolemy_n carry_v far_o eastward_o whereas_o indeed_o it_o bear_v full_a north_n for_o which_o roger_n bacon_n in_o his_o geography_n tax_v he_o long_o ago_o tacitus_n say_v that_o a_o prodigious_a vast_a space_n of_o land_n run_v out_o in_o length_n and_o grow_v narrow_a like_o a_o wedge_n here_o three_o promontory_n shoot_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n mention_v by_o ancient_a writer_n berubium_n 〈…〉_o â—â—â—iâ—um_fw-la 〈…〉_o now_o urdehead_n near_o the_o village_n bernswale_n virvedrum_n now_o dunsby_n alias_o duncansbay_n look_v upon_o as_o the_o remote_a promontory_n of_o britain_n orcas_n now_o howburn_n place_v by_o ptolemy_n over_o against_o the_o orcades_n as_o the_o utmost_a of_o they_o all_o this_o be_v likewise_o call_v by_o ptolemy_n tarvedrum_n and_o tarvisium_n martiano_n tarvisium_n tarvodanum_n martiano_n so_o name_v if_o i_o guess_v aright_o because_o it_o determine_v britain_n for_o tarvus_n signify_v what_o tarvus_n signify_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n signify_v a_o end_n with_o which_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o this_o book_n i_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o orcade_n ebudes_n and_o shetland_n shetland_n shetland_n in_o their_o proper_a place_n thus_o have_v i_o run_v over_o scotland_n more_o brief_o than_o the_o dignity_n of_o so_o great_a a_o kingdom_n deserve_v nor_o do_v i_o at_o all_o doubt_n but_o that_o some_o one_o hereafter_o may_v give_v a_o large_a draught_n of_o it_o with_o a_o more_o exquisite_a pen_n with_o more_o certainty_n and_o better_a information_n since_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o great_a of_o prince_n have_v now_o lay_v open_a to_o we_o these_o remote_a country_n hitherto_o shut_v up_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n if_o i_o have_v not_o be_v so_o vigilant_a as_o i_o ought_v the_o most_o watchful_a may_v sometime_o take_v a_o nod_n or_o if_o any_o mistake_n in_o this_o unknown_a tract_n have_v lead_v i_o from_o the_o truth_n as_o nothing_o be_v so_o common_a as_o error_n i_o hope_v the_o courteous_a reader_n upon_o my_o own_n it_o will_v grant_v i_o a_o pardon_n and_o kind_o direct_v i_o into_o the_o right_a way_n addition_n to_o caledonia_n in_o the_o description_n of_o this_o part_n of_o scotland_n before_o we_o come_v to_o fife_n which_o our_o author_n first_o touch_v upon_o we_o be_v to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o two_o little_a shire_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o west_n clackmanan_n shire_n and_o kinross-shire_n re_fw-mi â—â—imaâ—â—_n re_fw-mi asleep_o clackmanan-shire_n so_o call_v from_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o it_o clackmanan_n be_v bound_v to_o the_o north_n by_o the_o ochill_n hill_n to_o the_o south_n by_o the_o firth_n of_o forth_n to_o the_o east_n with_o part_n of_o perthshire_n and_o to_o the_o west_n with_o part_n of_o sterlingshire_n it_o be_v about_o eight_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o where_o broad_a but_o five_o towards_o the_o firth_n it_o be_v a_o plain_a country_n and_o a_o fertile_a soil_n the_o rest_n be_v fit_a for_o pasture_n but_o that_o below_o the_o ochill-hill_n abound_v both_o with_o grain_n and_o pasture_n about_o alloa_n and_o clackmanan_n they_o have_v great_a store_n of_o coal-pit_n the_o coal_n whereof_o together_o with_o their_o salt_n furnish_v a_o foreign_a trade_n it_o be_v water_v with_o the_o river_n devan_n which_o run_v six_o mile_n through_o the_o shire_n â—â—â—maâ—_n â—â—â—maâ—_n clackmanan_n be_v seat_v upon_o a_o rise_a ground_n the_o castle_n whereof_o be_v a_o stately_a dwell_n with_o fine_a garden_n and_o good_a enclosure_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d alloa_n be_v a_o pleasant_a little_a town_n with_o a_o small_a haven_n for_o ship_n
that_o will_v contain_v some_o hundred_o of_o ship_n and_o at_o this_o place_n it_o be_v high-water_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v direct_o south_n stone_n circle_n of_o stone_n in_o many_o place_n of_o this_o shire_n there_o be_v great_a stone_n set_v in_o a_o circle_n and_o one_o of_o the_o great_a in_o the_o middle_n towards_o the_o south_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v place_n of_o worship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o heathenism_n obelisk_n obelisk_n in_o several_a place_n also_o there_o be_v obelisk_n some_o with_o figure_n upon_o they_o one_o will_v imagine_v they_o have_v be_v set_v up_o for_o monument_n of_o battle_n and_o they_o have_v likewise_o several_a cairn_n of_o stone_n stone_n cairn_n of_o stone_n some_z whereof_z be_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n in_o some_o of_o they_o bone_n have_v be_v find_v and_o in_o one_o they_o meet_v with_o the_o head_n of_o a_o axe_n of_o brass_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v employ_v in_o their_o sacrifice_n the_o drop_a cave_n of_o slain_n be_v very_o remarkable_a of_o the_o petrified_a substance_n whereof_o they_o make_v excellent_a lime_n the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n have_v a_o great_a many_o pleasant_a seat_n all_o over_o this_o county_n bamfe_n bamfe_n l_o the_o shire_n of_o bamfe_n so_o call_v from_o bamfe_n the_o chief_a burgh_n comprehend_v that_o part_n of_o buchan_n which_o lie_v north_n of_o the_o river_n ugie_n with_o the_o country_n of_o strathdoverne_v boin_n enzie_n strathaven_n and_o balvenie_v to_o the_o south_n be_v be_v separate_v from_o that_o part_n of_o buchan_n which_o belong_v to_o aberdeenshire_n by_o the_o water_n of_o ugie_a to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o water_n of_o doverne_v to_o the_o west_n the_o water_n of_o spey_n to_o the_o south-west_n it_o have_v badenoch_n and_o the_o brae_n of_o mar_n and_o murray-firth_a on_o the_o north._n the_o length_n from_o west_n to_o east_n be_v about_o 32_o mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n about_o 30._o in_o balvenie_n be_v find_v the_o stone_n of_o which_o alom_n be_v make_v and_o in_o the_o country_n of_o boin_n great_a quarry_n of_o spot_a marble_n have_v be_v discover_v of_o late_a the_o country_n general_o be_v well_o furnish_v with_o grass_n and_o corn_n bamâ—e_n bamâ—e_n bamâ—e_o a_o burgh-royal_a be_v seat_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o doverne_v in_o the_o boine_n where_o the_o sheriff_n have_v his_o court_n the_o country_n about_o be_v very_o fertile_a and_o the_o salmon-fishing_a very_o advantageous_a it_o show_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n near_o to_o this_o be_v the_o abbey_n of_o deer_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o cistercian_n and_o be_v found_v by_o william_n cumin_n earl_n of_o buchan_n at_o the_o bogâ—hilt_n reside_v the_o duke_n of_o gordon_n this_o seat_n be_v adorn_v with_o excellent_a garden_n enclosure_n and_o wood_n of_o oak_n about_o it_o m_o murray_n murray_n murray_n comprehend_v the_o shire_n of_o elgin_n and_o the_o shire_n of_o nairne_n upon_o the_o north_n it_o have_v murray-firth_a and_o the_o water_n of_o nesse_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o the_o shire_n of_o innernesse_n to_o the_o east_n it_o be_v separate_v from_o bamfshire_n by_o the_o river_n of_o spey_n to_o the_o south_n it_o have_v badenoch_n and_o to_o the_o west_n part_n of_o lochabyr_n it_o be_v about_o 30_o mile_n long_o and_o 20_o broad_a the_o shire_n of_o elgin_n comprehend_v all_o that_o part_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o river_n findorne_v the_o shire_n of_o nairne_n what_o be_v upon_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o say_a river_n they_o have_v a_o air_n very_o wholesome_a and_o winter_n mild_a the_o low-countries_n bear_v very_o much_o corn_n which_o be_v soon_o ripe_a but_o the_o high-country_n be_v fit_a for_o pasture_n they_o have_v many_o great_a wood_n of_o fir_n and_o other_o tree_n especial_o upon_o the_o river_n of_o nearne_n the_o river_n of_o of_o spey_n water_v this_o country_n famous_a for_o the_o incredible_a number_n of_o salmon_n that_o be_v take_v in_o it_o elgin_n elgin_n elgin_n be_v a_o royal-burgh_n where_o be_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o ancient_a castle_n as_o also_o of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o stately_a church_n in_o the_o kingdom_n nearne_v nearne_v nearne_v also_o be_v a_o royal-burgh_n situate_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o murray-firth_a where_o the_o water_n of_o nearne_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n not_o far_o from_o killosse_n killosse_n killosse_n be_v a_o obelisk_n of_o one_o stone_n a_o monument_n of_o the_o fight_n between_o king_n malcolm_n son_n of_o keneth_n and_o sueno_n the_o dane_n within_o the_o precinct_n of_o murray_n our_o author_n include_v the_o sheriffdom_n of_o innernesse_n sheriffdom_n innernesse_n sheriffdom_n which_o comprehend_v lochaber_n badinoch_n and_o the_o south_n part_n of_o rosse_n to_o the_o south_n it_o have_v the_o brae_n of_o marr_n and_o athol_n to_o the_o west_n the_o western-sea_n to_o the_o north_n rosse_n and_o to_o the_o east_n part_n of_o murray-frith_n the_o length_n of_o it_o from_o inverlochee_n to_o invernesse_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n be_v 50_o mile_n it_o have_v plenty_n of_o iron-ore_n great_a wood_n of_o fir_n ten_o mile_n long_o with_o some_o large_a wood_n of_o oak_n and_o that_o part_v call_v badenoch_n have_v many_o deer_n invernesse_n invernesse_n invernesse_n 44._o invernesse_n theatr._fw-la scotiae_fw-la p._n 44._o be_v the_o head_n town_n of_o this_o sheriffdom_n and_o the_o sheriff_n seat_n where_o he_o keep_v his_o court._n it_o be_v commodious_o situate_v upon_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o river_n nesse_n on_o the_o very_a bank_n of_o it_o which_o render_v it_o exceed_o convenient_a for_o commerce_n with_o the_o neighbour_a place_n it_o be_v former_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n and_o have_v a_o castle_n stand_v on_o a_o pleasant_a hill_n with_o a_o fine_a prospect_n into_o the_o field_n and_o town_n near_o the_o castle_n there_o be_v late_o a_o bridge_n build_v over_o the_o water_n of_o nesse_n consist_v of_o seven_o arch_n all_o of_o hew_a stone_n it_o have_v a_o harbour_n for_o small_a vessel_n there_o be_v in_o it_o two_o church_n one_o for_o the_o english_a and_o the_o other_o for_o the_o irish_a here_o be_v loughness_n 24_o mile_n long_o and_o of_o a_o considerable_a depth_n which_o never_o freeze_v as_o neither_o do_v the_o water_n of_o nesse_n near_o the_o town_n of_o innerlochie_n there_o be_v a_o fort_n with_o a_o garrison_n upon_o the_o bay_n of_o lochyol_n n_o rosse_o comprehend_v the_o shire_n of_o tayn_n and_o cromartie_n the_o first_o include_v the_o great_a part_n of_o rosse_n rosse_n rosse_n with_o the_o isle_n of_o sky_n lewis_n and_o herris_n the_o second_o a_o small_a part_n of_o rosse_n lie_v upon_o the_o southside_n of_o cromartie-frith_n it_o be_v in_o length_n 50._o and_o in_o breadth_n 30._o mile_n the_o strath_n or_o valley_n upon_o the_o water-side_n be_v full_a of_o wood_n particular_o upon_o charron_n the_o water_n of_o braan_n and_o near_o alfarig_n there_o be_v great_a wood_n of_o fir_n and_o on_o the_o hill_n be_v great_a store_n of_o game_n of_o all_o sort_n tain_n a_o good_a trade_n town_n be_v a_o royal_a burgh_n and_o give_v name_n to_o the_o shire_n it_o be_v firth_n be_v about_o 20_o mile_n long_o but_o admit_v not_o ship_n loughbruin-bay_n which_o be_v ten_o mile_n long_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o herring_n take_v in_o it_o dingwall_n another_o burgh-royal_a be_v situate_a in_o the_o utmost_a part_n of_o the_o firth_n to_o the_o north_n of_o which_o lie_v the_o great_a mountain_n weeve_n channerie_n channâ—â—â—â—_n channâ—â—â—â—_n have_v a_o large_a cathedral_n church_n 53._o church_n the_o 〈◊〉_d scotiâ—â—_n p._n 53._o a_o part_n whereof_o still_o remain_v at_o present_v it_o show_v a_o stately_a house_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o seaforth_n who_o have_v considerable_a revenue_n in_o this_o county_n cromartie_n cromâ—â—â—â—â—_n cromâ—â—â—â—â—_n be_v a_o royal_a burgh_n the_o firth_n whereof_o be_v about_o 15_o mile_n long_o and_o in_o many_o place_n two_o mile_n broad_a though_o the_o entrance_n of_o it_o be_v narrow_a yet_o be_v it_o very_o safe_a and_o easy_a into_o this_o run_v the_o water_n of_o connel_n famous_a for_o the_o pearl_n find_v in_o it_o the_o viscount_n of_o tarbat_n who_o have_v his_o residence_n at_o tarbat_n be_v sheriff_n and_o proprietor_n of_o that_o ancient_a estate_n o_fw-la all_o that_o tract_n of_o land_n lie_v between_o portnacour_n and_o dungsby_n be_v of_o old_a call_v cattey_n so_o much_o of_o it_o as_o lie_v eastward_o from_o the_o hill_n orde_n be_v name_v catey-nesse_a and_o afterward_o cathnesse_n but_o so_o much_o as_o lay_v on_o this_o side_n of_o orde_n be_v call_v south-catley_a and_o sutherland_n sutherland_n sutherland_n sutherland_n contain_v the_o country_n that_o pass_v under_o that_o name_n with_o strathnaver_n edernchiles_n and_o dicrinesse_n have_v cathnesse_n to_o the_o east_n and_o north-east_n the_o main_a
himself_o and_o his_o commentator_n tzetzes_n cerne_n the_o islâ—_n cerne_n make_v cerne_n to_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o east_n and_o the_o most_o learned_a be_v all_o of_o opinion_n that_o madagascar_n must_v be_v the_o place_n which_o lie_v as_o it_o be_v in_o another_o world_n under_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n over_o against_o egypt_n thus_o much_o for_o the_o name_n of_o ireland_n not_o forget_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n sâ—land_n ireland_n call_v sâ—land_n that_o in_o late_a age_n it_o be_v call_v scotia_n by_o isidore_n and_o bede_n from_o the_o scotch_a inhabitant_n and_o that_o thence_o the_o name_n of_o scotland_n together_o with_o the_o scot_n themselves_o come_v into_o britain_n but_o this_o have_v be_v already_o observe_v and_o need_v not_o be_v here_o repeat_v this_o island_n be_v stretch_v out_o from_o the_o south_n northward_o not_o broad_a than_o it_o be_v long_o as_o strabo_n say_v but_o of_o a_o lentel_n or_o oval_a form_n nor_o yet_o of_o twenty_o day_n sail_n as_o philoemon_n in_o ptolemy_n have_v relate_v but_o according_a to_o modern_a computation_n it_o be_v reckon_v 300_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o scarce_o 120_o in_o breadth_n on_o the_o east_n of_o it_o lie_v england_n ireland_n the_o situation_n of_o ireland_n sever_v by_o that_o boisterous_a sea_n call_v the_o irish_a sea_n on_o the_o west_n it_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o vast_a western_a ocean_n on_o the_o north_n by_o the_o deucaledonian_n and_o on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o vergivian_n sea_n hâ—â—ermae_n geraldus_fw-la â—ambrenâ—â—_n in_o taâ—grâ—phia_n hâ—â—ermae_n 34._o hâ—â—ermae_n concern_v the_o peculiar_a excellency_n of_o ireland_n see_v ware_n be_v antiquitat_fw-la hibern_n p._n 34._o a_o country_n say_v giraldus_n uneven_a mountaneous_a soft_a washy_a overgrow_v with_o wood_n windy_a and_o so_o boggy_a that_o a_o man_n may_v see_v stand_v water_n upon_o the_o very_a mountain_n the_o climate_n according_a to_o mela_n be_v so_o unkind_a that_o it_o do_v not_o ripen_v corn_n yet_o the_o country_n produce_v grass_n in_o such_o abundance_n and_o that_o not_o only_o very_a rank_n but_o very_o sweet_a so_o that_o the_o cattle_n may_v fill_v themselves_o in_o a_o small_a time_n and_o shall_v even_o burst_v if_o they_o be_v not_o interrupt_v and_o hinder_v from_o eat_v long_o upon_o this_o account_n their_o breed_n of_o cattle_n be_v infinite_a rug_n fâ—sh_a manâ—les_n and_o rug_n and_o be_v indeed_o the_o great_a wealth_n and_o support_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o also_o sheep_n which_o they_o shear_v twice_o a_o year_n and_o of_o the_o course_n wool_n make_v irish_a rug_n and_o mantle_n their_o horse_n horse_n horse_n likewise_o we_o call_v they_o hoby_n be_v very_o excellent_a they_o go_v not_o as_o other_o horse_n do_v but_o amble_v very_o soft_a and_o easy_a the_o hawk_n hawk_n hawk_n also_o of_o this_o country_n be_v not_o without_o their_o praise_n but_o these_o as_o all_o other_o animal_n beside_o man_n and_o greyhound_n be_v of_o a_o less_o size_n here_o than_o in_o england_n press_v press_v the_o air_n and_o ground_n be_v of_o too_o abundance_n too_o as_o it_o grow_v more_o populous_a it_o become_v less_o waterish_a and_o boggy_a the_o lowland_n and_o marsh_n be_v drain_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o wood_n too_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n destroy_v and_o as_o for_o corn_n they_o have_v that_o in_o great_a abundance_n moist_a a_o nature_n and_o this_o make_v flux_n and_o rheum_n so_o usual_a in_o this_o country_n especial_o to_o those_o that_o be_v stranger_n yet_o their_o uskebah_n uâ—kebah_n uâ—kebah_n which_o be_v less_o enflame_v and_o yet_o more_o dry_v than_o our_o brandy_n be_v a_o excellent_a remedy_n for_o this_o distemper_n giraldus_n say_v that_o none_o of_o the_o three_o kind_n of_o fever_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o native_n of_o this_o country_n which_o be_v daily_o refute_v by_o experience_n yet_o to_o cite_v the_o same_o author_n as_o evidence_n in_o another_o matter_n winter_n matter_n though_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o difference_n between_o the_o climate_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n yet_o of_o the_o two_o ireland_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v more_o temperate_a as_o be_v neither_o so_o hot_a in_o summer_n nor_o so_o cold_a in_o winter_n the_o country_n itself_o be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o temperate_a here_o be_v neither_o the_o scorch_a heat_n of_o cancer_n to_o drive_v man_n into_o shade_n nor_o the_o pierce_a cold_n of_o capricorn_n to_o compel_v they_o to_o the_o fireside_n the_o air_n be_v so_o mild_a and_o pleasant_a that_o all_o season_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n warm_a bee_n be_v so_o swarm_v in_o this_o country_n that_o we_o have_v they_o not_o only_o in_o hive_n but_o in_o the_o trunk_n of_o tree_n why_o 〈◊〉_d grape_n â—â—â—eland_n use_v why_o and_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n 223._o earth_n vid._n scalig._n exercit._n 200._o &_o cardan_n de_fw-fr rerum_fw-la varietat_fw-la lib._n 6._o c._n 23._o p_o 223._o vine_n grow_v here_o but_o yield_v not_o so_o much_o benefit_n by_o their_o fruit_n as_o by_o their_o shade_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v pass_v leo_n we_o have_v cold_a blast_n in_o this_o country_n and_o the_o afternoon_n heat_n in_o autumn_n be_v too_o little_a either_o in_o strength_n or_o continuance_n here_o and_o in_o britain_n to_o ripen_v and_o concoct_v grape_n to_o a_o full_a perfection_n moreover_o ireland_n have_v no_o snake_n or_o inhabitant_n or_o they_o have_v neither_o frog_n nor_o mole_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o wolf_n to_o be_v meet_v withal_o except_o in_o wild_a and_o solitary_a mountain_n where_o there_o be_v few_o or_o no_o inhabitant_n other_o venomous_a creature_n yet_o it_o be_v infest_a with_o wolf_n all_o over_o to_o wind_v up_o all_o whether_o we_o regard_v the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o soil_n the_o advantage_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o so_o many_o commodious_a haven_n or_o the_o native_n themselves_o who_o be_v warlike_a ingenious_a proper_a and_o well_o complexioned_a soft-skinned_a and_o very_o nimble_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o pliantness_n of_o their_o muscle_n this_o island_n be_v in_o many_o respect_n so_o happy_a that_o giraldus_n may_v very_o well_o say_v nature_n have_v be_v more_o favourable_a than_o ordinary_a to_o this_o kingdom_n of_o zephyrus_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v now_o and_o then_o speak_v ill_o of_o be_v because_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o be_v uncivilise_v in_o some_o place_n and_o which_o be_v strange_o inconsistent_a love_v idleness_n and_o hate_n quiet_a they_o begin_v very_o early_o with_o their_o amour_n for_o among_o the_o wild_a sort_n when_o their_o daughter_n arrive_v at_o the_o age_n of_o ten_o or_o twelve_o they_o marry_v they_o as_o ripe_a and_o capable_a without_o expect_v that_o age_n and_o maturity_n which_o be_v require_v in_o other_o nation_n but_o in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o book_n we_o shall_v treat_v more_o large_o of_o their_o custom_n here_o if_o the_o reader_n please_v he_o shall_v hear_v ireland_n speak_v of_o itself_o and_o its_o commodity_n in_o the_o verse_n of_o the_o most_o learned_a hadrianus_n junius_n illa_fw-la ego_fw-la sum_fw-la graiis_fw-la olim_fw-la glacialis_fw-la jerne_n dicta_fw-la &_o jasoniae_fw-la puppis_fw-la bene_fw-la cognita_fw-la nautis_fw-la quae_fw-la tarthesiaco_n propior_fw-la se_fw-la tingere_fw-la sole_n flumine_fw-la conspicio_fw-la cauro_fw-la subjecta_fw-la procaci_fw-la cui_fw-la deus_fw-la &_o melior_fw-la rerum_fw-la nascentium_fw-la origo_fw-la jus_fw-la common_a dedit_fw-la cum_fw-la creta_n altrice_n tonantis_fw-la noxia_fw-la ne_fw-la nostris_fw-la diffundant_fw-la sibila_fw-la in_o oris_fw-la terrificae_fw-la cretitabo_fw-la phorcynidos_n angues_fw-la et_fw-la fortè_fw-la illati_fw-la compressis_fw-la faucibus_fw-la atris_fw-la viroso_fw-la pariter_fw-la vitam_fw-la cum_fw-la sanguine_fw-la ponant_fw-la en_fw-fr ego_fw-la cum_fw-la regni_fw-la sceptro_fw-la mavortia_fw-la bello_fw-la pectora_fw-la &_o horriferas_fw-la hominum_fw-la nil_fw-la fingo_fw-la figuras_fw-la qui_fw-la cursu_fw-la alipedes_fw-la norint_fw-la praevertere_fw-la cervos_fw-la dedico_fw-la piscososque_fw-la lacus_fw-la volucrumque_fw-la paludes_fw-la omnigenûm_fw-la lustris_fw-la foetas_fw-la stannique_fw-la fodinas_fw-la et_fw-la puri_fw-la argenti_fw-la venas_fw-la quas_fw-la terra_fw-la refossis_fw-la visceribus_fw-la manes_fw-la imos_fw-la visura_fw-la recludit_fw-la i_o be_o cold_a jerne_n i_o the_o grecian_n know_v i_o jason_n and_o his_o pegasean_n crew_n fix_v in_o the_o ocean_n near_o the_o sportive_a west_n i_o see_v great_a phoebus_n post_v down_o to_o rest_n and_o when_o his_o fiery_a car_n the_o flood_n receive_v hear_v the_o wheel_n hiss_v in_o tartessian_a wave_n on_o i_o kind_a mother_n nature_n have_v bestow_v the_o wondrous_a gift_n which_o grateful_a heaven_n allow_v to_o crete_n fair_a isle_n that_o nurse_v the_o thunder_a god_n that_o no_o vile_a snake_n spring_v from_o medusa_n gore_n shall_v vent_v a_o hiss_n upon_o my_o peaceful_a shore_n if_o hither_o bring_v their_o feeble_a jaw_n they_o close_v and_o dear_a life_n do_v with_o their_o poison_n lose_v a_o crown_n i_o bring_v and_o
also_o justice_n of_o assize_n nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la and_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n as_o in_o england_n justice_n of_o peace_n in_o every_o county_n to_o preserve_v the_o peace_n and_o the_o king_n have_v his_o sergeant_n at_o law_n his_o attorney_n and_o his_o solicitor_n general_n there_o be_v also_o other_o governor_n beside_o these_o to_o administer_v justice_n in_o the_o remote_a province_n and_o that_o be_v in_o conaugh_n still_v chief_a commissioner_n be_v call_v 1671._o call_v since_o the_o country_n have_v be_v well_o inhabit_v with_o english_a and_o much_o more_o civilise_v than_o heretofore_o the_o presidency_n of_o munster_n and_o conaught_n be_v supersede_v by_o king_n charles_n ii_o about_o the_o year_n 1671._o precedent_n in_o munster_n who_o have_v certain_a of_o the_o gentry_n and_o lawyer_n to_o assist_v they_o and_o be_v all_o direct_v by_o the_o lord_n deputy_n as_o for_o their_o law_n the_o common-law_n use_v there_o be_v the_o same_o with_o this_o of_o we_o in_o england_n for_o thus_o it_o be_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o kingdom_n king_n henry_n the_o three_o in_o the_o twelve_o of_o his_o reign_n send_v a_o order_n to_o his_o justice_n in_o ireland_n that_o he_o shall_v assemble_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n baron_n and_o knight_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o make_v the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n be_v read_v unto_o they_o which_o he_o do_v according_o giving_z they_o a_o oath_n to_o observe_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v hold_v and_o keep_v the_o same_o they_o same_o nevertheless_o the_o mere_a irish_a do_v not_o admit_v they_o but_o retain_v their_o own_o brehon-law_n and_o lâ—ud_a custom_n and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n use_v a_o connivance_n therein_o upon_o some_o deep_a consideration_n not_o vouchsafe_v to_o communicate_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o english_a law_n but_o upon_o especial_a grace_n to_o especial_a family_n or_o sect_n namely_o the_o o_o neales_n nor_o conor_n o_o brien_n o_o maloghlins_n and_o mac_n murough_n which_o be_v repute_v of_o the_o blood_n royal_a among_o they_o so_o that_o even_o the_o parliamentary_a law_n or_o statute_n of_o england_n be_v of_o force_n in_o ireland_n till_o king_n henry_n the_o seventh_n time_n for_o in_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n they_o be_v establish_v and_o confirm_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o ireland_n government_n ireland_n in_o the_o time_n of_o sir_n edward_n poining_n government_n but_o since_o that_o time_n they_o have_v live_v by_o act_n and_o statute_n of_o their_o own_o make_n beside_o these_o civil_a magistrate_n they_o have_v also_o one_o military_a officer_n name_v the_o officer_n the_o there_o be_v no_o war_n in_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v no_o such_o officer_n marshal_n ireland_n marshal_n of_o ireland_n who_o be_v serviceable_a to_o the_o state_n not_o only_o in_o restrain_v the_o insolence_n of_o soldier_n but_o also_o in_o check_v the_o outrage_n of_o rebel_n who_o be_v now_o and_o then_o troublesome_a this_o office_n former_o belong_v hereditary_o to_o the_o lord_n morley_n of_o england_n john_n 9_o of_o king_n john_n for_o king_n john_n give_v they_o this_o office_n to_o hold_v in_o see_v of_o he_o in_o these_o word_n we_o have_v give_v and_o grant_v to_o john_n martial_n for_o his_o homage_n and_o service_n our_o marshalship_n of_o ireland_n with_o all_o appurtenance_n we_o have_v give_v he_o likewise_o for_o his_o homage_n and_o service_n the_o cantre_v wherein_o stand_v the_o town_n of_o kilbunny_n to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n of_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n from_o he_o it_o descend_v in_o a_o right_a line_n to_o the_o baron_n of_o morley_n this_o marshal_n have_v under_o he_o submaresâ—allum_n he_o submaresâ—allum_n a_o provost-marshal_n and_o sometime_o more_o according_a to_o the_o difficulty_n and_o exigency_n of_o affair_n who_o exercise_n their_o authority_n by_o commission_n and_o instruction_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o ireland_n but_o these_o and_o all_o other_o curiosity_n of_o this_o nature_n i_o leave_v to_o the_o diligence_n of_o other_o as_o for_o the_o method_n of_o justice_n and_o government_n among_o the_o wild_a irish_a i_o shall_v take_v care_n to_o insert_v something_o in_o a_o more_o proper_a place_n when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o their_o manor_n and_o custom_n the_o 11._o the_o see_v ware_n be_v antiquitat_fw-la hibern_n cap._n 3._o pag._n 11._o division_n of_o ireland_n â—â—â—land_n â—â—â—on_a â—â—â—land_n ireland_n from_o the_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n law_n part_n at_o present_a there_o be_v no_o such_o div_o sion_fw-la or_o distinction_n but_o the_o king_n be_v write_v run_v through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o every_o part_n of_o it_o be_v now_o answerable_a to_o law_n they_o who_o reject_v all_o law_n and_o live_v after_o a_o barbarous_a manner_n be_v call_v the_o irishry_n or_o wild_a irish_a but_o those_o civilise_a who_o submit_v themselves_o with_o respect_n and_o obedience_n to_o the_o law_n be_v term_v the_o english-irish_a and_o their_o country_n the_o english_a pale_a for_o the_o first_o english_a man_n that_o come_v hither_o set_v their_o boundary_n in_o the_o east_n and_o rich_a part_n of_o the_o island_n as_o take_v in_o for_o themselves_o within_o which_o compass_n even_o at_o this_o day_n some_o remain_n uncivilized_a and_o pay_v no_o deference_n to_o the_o law_n whereas_o some_o without_o be_v as_o courteous_a and_o genteel_a as_o one_o will_v desire_v but_o if_o we_o consider_v it_o as_o it_o be_v more_o early_o this_o country_n from_o its_o situation_n or_o rather_o number_n of_o its_o governor_n heretofore_o must_v be_v divide_v into_o five_o part_n for_o it_o be_v former_o a_o pentarchy_n namely_o munster_n southward_a leinster_n eastward_o connaught_n westward_o ulster_n northward_o and_o meath_z almost_o in_o the_o middle_n which_o as_o to_o civil_a administration_n be_v thus_o divide_v into_o county_n in_o munster_n be_v the_o county_n of_o kerry_n cork_n kerry_n at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v no_o such_o county_n as_o desmond_n part_n of_o that_o territory_n lie_v in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n and_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o county_n of_o cork_n desmond_n cork_n waterford_n limerick_n tiperary_n tiperary_n tiperary_n the_o county_n of_o the_o holy-cross_n be_v swallow_v up_o in_o that_o of_o tiperary_n with_o the_o county_n of_o s._n cross_n in_o tiperary_n in_o leinster_n be_v the_o county_n of_o kilkenny_n caterlough_n queen_n county_n king_n county_n kildare_n weishford_n dublin_n in_o meath_z be_v the_o county_n of_o east-meath_a westmeath_a longford_n in_o connaught_n be_v the_o county_n of_o muâ—ster_n of_o instead_o of_o this_o dr._n holland_n have_v put_v clare_n which_o yet_o be_v in_o the_o province_n of_o muâ—ster_n twomund_n galloway_n maio._n slego_n letrim_n rofcomon_n in_o ulster_n be_v the_o county_n of_o louth_n cavon_n farmanagh_n monaghan_n armagh_n down_n antrim_n colran_n tir-oën_a tir-conell_a or_o donegall_a jurisdiction_n ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n the_o ecclesiastical_a state_n of_o ireland_n be_v ancient_o manage_v by_o the_o bishop_n either_o consecrate_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n or_o by_o one_o another_o but_o in_o the_o year_n 1152_o as_o we_o find_v it_o in_o philip_n of_o flattesbury_n christianus_n bishop_n of_o lismore_n legat_n of_o all_o ireland_n hold_v a_o very_a full_a and_o honourable_a council_n at_o meath_z where_o be_v present_v the_o bishop_n abbot_n king_n duke_n and_o elder_n of_o ireland_n and_o there_o by_o the_o apostolical_a authority_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o cardinal_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o meet_v together_o four_o archbishopric_n be_v constitute_v in_o ireland_n armagh_n dublin_n cassil_n and_o tuam_fw-la the_o bishopric_n which_o be_v under_o these_o former_o for_o some_o of_o they_o have_v be_v abolish_v to_o feed_v the_o greedy_a humour_n of_o ill_a time_n other_o have_v be_v confound_v or_o annex_v to_o one_o another_o while_o other_o again_o have_v be_v translate_v i_o do_v desire_n to_o subjoin_v here_o in_o their_o true_a and_o ancient_a order_n from_o a_o old_a roman_a provincial_a faithful_o copy_v from_o the_o original_a under_o the_o archbp._n of_o armagh_n primate_n of_o all_o ireland_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o meath_z or_o meath_z or_o cluanard_n the_o bishop_n be_v style_v of_o meath_z elnamirand_n down_o otherwise_o dundalethglass_n clogh_o dundalethglass_n clogh_o cloghor_n otherwise_o lugundun_v down_o lugundun_v connor_n be_v unite_v to_o down_o conner_n ardagh_n conner_n ardagh_n ardachad_n rapho_n ardachad_n rapho_n rathbot_n rathluc_n daln-liguir_a london-derry_n daln-liguir_a derry_n or_o london-derry_n dearrih_n kilmore_n dearrih_n holland_n have_v add_v cloemacniso_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v write_v clonmacnois_n and_o be_v now_o unite_a to_o meath_z as_o also_o dromor_n and_o brefem_v now_o kilmore_n under_o the_o archbp._n of_o dublin_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o
grow_v so_o concern_v for_o blind_a his_o brother_n that_o he_o renounce_v the_o kingdom_n and_o with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n go_v in_o pilgrimage_n to_o jerusalem_n where_o he_o die_v 1089._o as_o soon_o as_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o island_n receive_v the_o news_n of_o lagman_n death_n they_o dispatch_v their_o ambassador_n to_o murecard_n o-brien_n king_n of_o ireland_n desire_v that_o he_o will_v send_v they_o some_o diligent_a man_n or_o other_o of_o royal_a extraction_n to_o rule_v over_o they_o during_o the_o minority_n of_o olave_n the_o son_n of_o godred_a the_o king_n ready_o consent_v and_o send_v one_o dopnald_n the_o son_n of_o tade_n with_o order_n and_o instruction_n to_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n though_o it_o belong_v not_o to_o he_o with_o modesty_n and_o tenderness_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n without_o any_o far_a heed_n to_o the_o command_v his_o lord_n have_v lay_v on_o he_o he_o grow_v grievous_a to_o the_o people_n by_o his_o tyranny_n and_o and_o reign_v three_o year_n with_o great_a cruelty_n and_o outrage_n the_o nobility_n be_v then_o no_o long_o able_a to_o endure_v this_o oppression_n conspire_v rise_v up_o in_o arm_n and_o banish_v he_o upon_o that_o he_o flee_v into_o ireland_n and_o never_o return_v 1097._o one_o ingemund_n be_v send_v by_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n to_o get_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o these_o island_n when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o isle_n leod_n he_o send_v to_o all_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o island_n command_v they_o to_o assemble_v and_o make_v he_o king_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n he_o with_o his_o companion_n do_v nothing_o but_o spoil_n feast_n ravish_v woman_n and_o virgin_n give_v himself_o whole_o up_o to_o such_o beastly_a lust_n and_o pleasure_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o island_n be_v acquaint_v with_o these_o proceed_n be_v now_o assemble_v to_o make_v he_o king_n they_o be_v so_o enrage_v that_o they_o go_v in_o all_o haste_n towards_o he_o and_o come_v to_o his_o house_n in_o the_o night_n set_v it_o on_o fire_n so_o that_o he_o and_o his_o whole_a retinue_n be_v either_o destroy_v by_o the_o fire_n or_o by_o the_o sword_n an._n 1098._o be_v found_v the_o abbey_n of_o s._n mary_n at_o cistercium_n antioch_n be_v take_v by_o the_o christian_n and_o a_o comet_n appear_v the_o same_o year_n be_v fight_v a_o battle_n between_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n at_o santwat_n those_o of_o the_o north-side_n get_v the_o victory_n in_o this_o engagement_n be_v slay_v earl_n other_o and_o macmaras_n the_o two_o leader_n this_o same_o year_n magnus_n king_n of_o norway_n the_o son_n of_o olave_n son_n of_o harald_n harfager_n out_o of_o curiosity_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o corpse_n of_o st._n olave_n king_n and_o martyr_n remain_v uncorrupt_a command_v his_o tomb_n to_o be_v open_v this_o order_n be_v oppose_v by_o the_o bishop_n and_o his_o clergy_n the_o king_n himself_o come_v in_o person_n and_o have_v it_o open_v by_o force_n and_o when_o with_o the_o sense_n of_o his_o own_o eye_n and_o hand_n he_o find_v the_o body_n sound_n and_o unputrified_a he_o fall_v into_o great_a fear_n and_o go_v away_o in_o all_o haste_n the_o next_o night_n the_o king_n and_o martyr_n appear_v to_o he_o say_v take_v thy_o choice_n of_o these_o two_o offer_n either_o to_o lose_v thy_o life_n and_o kingdom_n within_o 30_o day_n or_o to_o leave_v norway_n and_o be_v content_a never_o to_o see_v it_o more_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n awaken_v he_o call_v his_o noble_n and_o the_o elder_n of_o his_o people_n together_o and_o tell_v they_o what_o vision_n he_o have_v see_v be_v fright_v at_o it_o they_o give_v he_o this_o council_n that_o with_o all_o haste_n he_o shall_v depart_v from_o norway_n upon_o this_o he_o prepare_v a_o fleet_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o ship_n and_o set_v sail_n for_o the_o orcades_n which_o he_o soon_o conquer_v from_o whence_o he_o go_v on_o with_o success_n and_o victory_n through_o all_o the_o island_n till_o he_o come_v to_o that_o of_o man._n be_v land_v there_o he_o go_v to_o st._n patrick_n isle_n to_o see_v the_o place_n where_o the_o islander_n have_v be_v engage_v a_o little_a before_o for_o many_o of_o the_o dead_a body_n be_v as_o yet_o unburied_a this_o fine_a island_n please_v he_o so_o well_o that_o he_o resolve_v to_o seat_v himself_o in_o it_o and_o to_o that_o end_n build_v fort_n and_o strong_a hold_n which_o retain_v his_o name_n to_o this_o day_n those_o of_o gallway_n be_v so_o much_o overawe_v by_o he_o that_o at_o his_o order_n they_o cut_v down_o wood_n and_o bring_v it_o to_o the_o shore_n for_o he_o to_o make_v his_o bulwork_n withal_o next_o he_o sail_v to_o monia_fw-la a_o island_n of_o wales_n where_o he_o find_v two_o hugh_n both_o earl_n one_o of_o they_o he_o slay_v cambria_n monia_fw-la for_o anglesey_n v._o girald_n cambrensem_fw-la in_o itinerario_fw-la cambria_n the_o other_o he_o put_v to_o flight_n 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and_o pleasantness_n its_o fruitfulness_n and_o the_o excellence_n of_o its_o air_n magnus_n hear_v this_o begin_v to_o turn_v his_o thought_n whole_o upon_o the_o conquest_n of_o that_o count_n try_v for_o this_o end_n he_o give_v order_n to_o fit_v out_o a_o good_a fleet_n and_o go_v before_o with_o sixteen_o ship_n to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o country_n but_o as_o he_o unwary_o leave_v his_o ship_n he_o be_v beset_v by_o the_o irish_a and_o cut_v off_o with_o most_o of_o those_o that_o be_v with_o he_o his_o body_n be_v bury_v near_o st._n patrick_n church_n in_o down_n he_o reign_v six_o year_n after_o his_o death_n the_o nobleman_n of_o the_o island_n send_v for_o olave_n the_o son_n of_o godred_a surname_v crovan_n who_o live_v in_o the_o court_n of_o henry_n king_n of_o england_n the_o son_n of_o king_n william_n 1102._o olave_n the_o son_n of_o godred_a crovan_n begin_v his_o reign_n which_o continue_v 40_o year_n he_o be_v a_o peaceable_a prince_n and_o in_o league_n 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ingenuous_o confess_v that_o the_o sicilian_n enjoy_v their_o native_a soil_n posterioris_fw-la th._n fazâ—llus_n lib._n 6._o decadis_fw-la posterioris_fw-la their_o freedom_n and_o christianity_n be_v entire_o owe_v to_o the_o norman_n their_o behaviour_n also_o in_o the_o war_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n get_v they_o great_a honour_n which_o give_v roger_n hoveden_n occasion_n to_o say_v that_o bold_a france_n after_o she_o have_v experience_v the_o norman_a valour_n draw_v back_o fierce_a england_n submit_v rich_a apulia_n be_v restore_v to_o her_o flourish_a condition_n famous_a jerusalem_n and_o renown_a antioch_n be_v both_o subdue_v since_o that_o time_n england_n have_v be_v equal_a for_o warlike_a exploit_n and_o genteel_a education_n to_o the_o most_o flourish_a nation_n of_o the_o christian_a world_n constantinople_n the_o english_a guards_z to_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n so_o that_o the_o english_a have_v be_v peculiar_o make_v choice_n of_o for_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n guard_n for_o as_o our_o country_n man_n malmsbury_n have_v tell_v we_o he_o very_o much_o admire_v their_o fidelity_n and_o recommend_v they_o to_o his_o son_n as_o man_n deserve_v of_o respect_n and_o they_o be_v former_o for_o many_o year_n together_o the_o emperor_n guard_n nicetas_n choniata_n call_v they_o inglini_n bipenniferi_fw-la and_o curopalata_n barangi_n barangi_n barangi_n these_o attend_v the_o emperor_n wherever_o he_o go_v with_o halberd_n upon_o their_o shoulder_n as_o often_o as_o he_o stir_v abroad_o out_o of_o his_o closet_n and_o pray_v for_o his_o long_a life_n clash_v their_o halberd_n one_o against_o another_o to_o make_v a_o noise_n as_o to_o the_o blot_n which_o chalcondilas_n chaâ—condilas_n chaâ—condilas_n have_v cast_v upon_o our_o nation_n of_o have_v wife_n in_o common_a truth_n itself_o wipe_v it_o off_o and_o confront_v the_o extravagant_a vanity_n of_o the_o grecian_a for_o as_o my_o most_o learned_a and_o excellent_a friend_n 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air_n such_o as_o whirlwind_n and_o immoderate_a
rain_n so_o those_o northern_a terror_n be_v as_o it_o be_v reserve_v by_o god_n to_o be_v send_v out_o for_o a_o punishment_n when_o and_o upon_o who_o the_o divine_a providence_n shall_v think_v fit_a the_o division_n of_o britain_n divide_v how_o country_n be_v divide_v let_v we_o now_o prepare_v ourselves_o for_o the_o division_n of_o britain_n country_n be_v divide_v by_o geographer_n either_o natural_o according_a to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o river_n and_o mountain_n or_o national_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o people_n who_o inhabit_v they_o or_o 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d different_o and_o under_o a_o 〈◊〉_d a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d political_a consideration_n according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o prince_n now_o see_v the_o first_o and_o second_o of_o these_o division_n be_v here_o and_o there_o treat_v of_o through_o the_o whole_a work_n the_o three_o i.e._n the_o political_a seem_v proper_a to_o this_o place_n which_o yet_o be_v so_o much_o obscure_v by_o the_o injury_n of_o time_n that_o in_o this_o matter_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o convince_v one_o of_o error_n than_o to_o discover_v the_o truth_n our_o historian_n affirm_v that_o the_o most_o ancient_a division_n of_o britain_n be_v into_o loegria_n cambria_n and_o albania_n that_o be_v to_o speak_v more_o intelligible_o into_o england_n wales_n and_o scotland_n but_o i_o look_v upon_o this_o to_o be_v of_o late_a date_n both_o because_o it_o be_v threefold_a arise_v from_o those_o three_o people_n the_o angles_n the_o cambrian_o and_o the_o scot_n who_o afterward_o share_v this_o island_n among_o they_o and_o also_o because_o there_o be_v no_o such_o division_n mention_v by_o classic_n author_n no_o nor_o before_o our_o countryman_n geoffrey_n of_o monmouth_n for_o as_o the_o critic_n of_o our_o age_n imagine_v his_o romance_n have_v not_o be_v all_o of_o a_o piece_n unless_o he_o have_v make_v brute_n have_v three_o son_n locrine_n camber_n and_o albanactus_n to_o answer_v the_o three_o nation_n that_o be_v here_o in_o his_o time_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o he_o have_v before_o make_v his_o brute_n because_o this_o island_n be_v then_o call_v britain_n and_o they_o no_o way_n doubt_v but_o if_o there_o have_v be_v more_o distinct_a nation_n about_o that_o time_n here_o in_o britain_n he_o will_v have_v find_v more_o of_o brutus_n child_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o many_o learned_a man_n the_o most_o ancient_a division_n of_o britain_n be_v that_o of_o ptolemy_n in_o his_o second_o book_n of_o mathematical_a construction_n where_o treat_v of_o parallel_n he_o divide_v it_o into_o great_a and_o little_a britain_n but_o with_o due_a submission_n to_o so_o great_a person_n i_o conceive_v they_o will_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o this_o place_n our_o island_n be_v call_v britannia_fw-la magna_fw-la and_o ireland_n parva_n slay_v greâ—â—_n littleâ—_n slay_v if_o they_o will_v please_v to_o consider_v the_o distance_n there_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la a_o little_o more_o accurate_o and_o compare_v it_o with_o his_o geographical_a work_n however_o some_o modern_a writer_n have_v call_v the_o hither_o part_n of_o this_o island_n southwards_o great_a and_o the_o far_o towards_o the_o north_n little_a the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o be_v former_o distinguish_v into_o maiatae_n and_o caledonii_n that_o be_v into_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o plain_n and_o the_o mountaineer_n as_o now_o the_o scot_n be_v into_o hechtland-man_n and_o lowland-man_n but_o the_o roman_n neglect_v the_o far_a tract_n because_o as_o appian_n say_v it_o can_v be_v of_o no_o importance_n or_o advantage_n to_o they_o and_o fix_v their_o bound_n not_o far_o from_o edinburgh_n divide_v the_o hither_o part_n now_o reduce_v to_o the_o form_n of_o a_o province_n into_o two_o the_o low_a and_o the_o upper_a srior_n l._n 55._o britaâ—â—_n infeâ—â—_n and_o srior_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o dio._n the_o hither_o part_n along_o with_o wales_n be_v their_o upper_a the_o far_a lie_v northward_o the_o low_a and_o this_o be_v confirm_v by_o dio_n account_n of_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o legion_n the_o second_o legion_n term_v augusta_n at_o caerleon_n in_o wales_n viâ—_n isâ—â—_n câ—_n erlene_a 〈◊〉_d viâ—_n and_o the_o twenty_o call_v victrix_n at_o chester_n or_o deva_n be_v both_o place_v by_o he_o in_o upper_a britain_n but_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o six_o legion_n call_v victrix_n who_o residence_n be_v at_o york_n serve_v in_o lower_n britain_n i_o shall_v think_v this_o division_n to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o severus_n the_o emperor_n since_o herodian_a assure_v we_o that_o after_o he_o have_v conquer_v albinus_n the_o then_o general_n of_o the_o britain_n have_v possess_v himself_o of_o the_o government_n and_o settle_v the_o affair_n of_o britain_n he_o divide_v the_o whole_a province_n into_o two_o part_n and_o assign_v to_o each_o its_o lieutenant_n afterward_o the_o roman_n divide_v the_o province_n of_o britain_n into_o three_o part_n 51_o part_n usserii_fw-la anâ—â—quitat_fw-la britano_n p._n 51_o as_o we_o may_v learn_v from_o a_o manuscript_n of_o sextus_n rufus_n viz._n maxima_fw-la caesariensis_n britannia_fw-la prima_fw-la and_o britannia_fw-la secunda_fw-la bâ—â—tâ—â—_n bâ—â—tâ—â—_n which_o i_o fancy_v i_o have_v find_v out_o by_o the_o ancient_a bishop_n and_o their_o diocese_n pope_n lucius_n in_o grtaian_a intimate_v dâ—â—â—_n dâ—â—â—_n that_o the_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o christian_n be_v model_v according_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o roman_a magistrate_n and_o that_o the_o archbishop_n have_v their_o see_v in_o such_o city_n as_o have_v former_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o roman_a governor_n the_o city_n say_v he_o and_o the_o place_n where_o primat_n be_v to_o preside_v be_v not_o of_o a_o late_a model_n but_o be_v fix_v many_o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o which_o city_n the_o gentile_n also_o make_v their_o appeal_n in_o the_o more_o weighty_a matter_n in_o which_o very_a city_n after_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n the_o apostle_n and_o their_o successor_n settle_v patriarch_n or_o primate_fw-la primate_fw-la primate_fw-la who_o have_v power_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o bishop_n and_o in_o all_o cause_n of_o consequence_n now_o since_o britain_n have_v former_o three_o archbishop_n london_n york_n and_o caerleon_n i_o fancy_v that_o the_o province_n we_o now_o call_v canterbury_n for_o thither_o the_o see_v of_o london_n be_v translate_v make_v up_o the_o britannia_fw-la prima_fw-la that_o wales_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o bishop_n of_o caerleon_n be_v the_o secunda_fw-la and_o that_o the_o province_n of_o york_n which_o then_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o bind_v be_v the_o maxima_fw-la caesariensis_n part_n britain_n divide_v into_o part_n the_o next_o age_n after_o when_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o roman_a government_n be_v every_o day_n change_v either_o through_o ambition_n that_o more_o may_v be_v prefer_v to_o place_n of_o honour_n â—rovinciâ—am_fw-la â—otitia_fw-la â—rovinciâ—am_fw-la or_o the_o policy_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o curb_v the_o grow_a power_n of_o their_o precedent_n they_o divide_v britain_n into_o five_o part_n britannia_fw-la prima_fw-la secunda_fw-la maxima_fw-la caesariensis_n valentia_n and_o flavia_n caesariensis_n valentia_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o maxima_fw-la caesariensis_n which_o theodosius_n general_n under_o the_o emperor_n valens_n recover_v from_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n and_o out_o of_o compliment_n to_o his_o master_n call_v it_o valentia_n as_o marcellinus_n full_o testify_v in_o those_o word_n 28._o â—b_fw-la 28._o the_o province_n which_o have_v fell_a into_o the_o enemy_n hand_n he_o recover_v and_o reduce_v to_o its_o former_a state_n so_o that_o by_o his_o mean_n it_o both_o enjoy_v a_o lawful_a governor_n and_o be_v also_o by_o appointment_n of_o the_o prince_n afterward_o call_v valentia_n it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o imagine_v that_o the_o son_n of_o this_o theodosius_n who_o be_v make_v emperor_n be_v call_v flavius_n theodosius_n and_o make_v several_a alteration_n in_o the_o empire_n may_v add_v the_o flavia_n because_o we_o never_o meet_v with_o britannia_n flavia_n before_o the_o time_n of_o this_o flavius_z to_o be_v short_a then_o britannia_fw-la prima_fw-la â—â—ima_fw-la â—itannia_fw-la â—â—ima_fw-la be_v all_o that_o southern_a tract_n bound_v on_o one_o hand_n with_o the_o british_a ocean_n and_o on_o the_o other_o with_o the_o thames_n and_o the_o severn_n sea_n â—arienâ—â—â—entia_fw-la â—â—tanâ—_n seâ—â—da_n â—â—via_fw-la â—â—arienâ—â—xima_fw-la â—arienâ—â—â—entia_fw-la britannia_fw-la secunda_fw-la the_o same_o with_o the_o present_a wales_n flavia_n caesariensis_n reach_v from_o the_o thames_n to_o humber_n maxima_fw-la caesariensis_n from_o humber_n to_o the_o river_n tine_n or_o severus_n wall_n valentia_n from_o the_o tine_n to_o the_o wall_n near_o edinburgh_n call_v by_o the_o scots_a gramesdike_n which_o be_v the_o far_a limit_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o here_o
indebt_v for_o the_o description_n of_o it_o it_o lay_v with_o the_o inscription_n downward_o upon_o a_o stone_n two_o foot_n square_a which_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v the_o pedestal_n of_o it_o the_o foundation_n lie_v deep_a and_o broad_a consist_v of_o many_o large_a stone_n the_o earth_n about_o it_o be_v solid_a but_o of_o several_a colour_n and_o some_o ash_n be_v mix_v in_o it_o about_o the_o foundation_n be_v find_v sign_n of_o a_o sacrifice_n the_o bone_n horn_n and_o head_n of_o several_a creature_n as_o the_o ox_n roebuck_n etc._n etc._n with_o these_o two_o coin_v i._o brass_n on_o the_o first_o side_n imp._n caes._n vespasian_n aug._n cos._n 111._o and_o the_o face_n of_o the_o emperor_n on_o the_o reverse_n victoria_fw-la augusti_fw-la s._n c._n and_o a_o wing_a victory_n stand_v ii_o copper_n on_o the_o first_o side_n fl._n val._n constantius_n nob._n c._n and_o the_o face_n of_o constantius_n on_o the_o reverse_n genio_fw-la populi_fw-la romani_fw-la a_o genius_n stand_v hold_v a_o bowl_n use_v in_o sacrifice_n in_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o a_o cornucopia_n in_o the_o left_a our_o antiquary_n tell_v we_o that_o present_o after_o the_o norman-conquest_n the_o episcopal_n see_v be_v translate_v hither_o from_o lichfield_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o bishop_n of_o lichfield_n be_v sometime_o call_v by_o our_o historian_n bishop_n of_o chester_n and_o peter_n who_o translate_v it_o be_v by_o our_o saxon_a annal_n call_v episcopus_fw-la licifeldensis_fw-la sive_fw-la cestrensis_fw-la bishop_n of_o lichfield_n or_o chester_n do_v leave_v this_o ancient_a city_n the_o next_o thing_n that_o offer_v itself_o be_v wirall_n wirall_n wirall_n call_v by_o the_o saxon_a annal_n wirheale_n and_o by_o matthew_n westminster_n more_o corrupt_o wirhale_v 129._o wirhale_v burton_n itinerar_fw-it p._n 129._o which_o the_o same_o mattthew_n confound_v with_o chester_n make_v they_o one_o place_n this_o error_n proceed_v from_o the_o misunderstanding_n of_o that_o passage_n in_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n high_a gedydon_n on_o anre_n pestre_fw-fr ceastre_n on_o wirhealum_n sio_fw-la be_v legaceastre_n gehaten_v i.e._n they_o abide_v in_o a_o certain_a western_a city_n in_o wirheale_n which_o be_v call_v legaceaster_n the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o sentence_n he_o imagine_v have_v refer_v to_o wirheale_n whereas_o it_o be_v plain_o a_o far_a explication_n of_o the_o western-city_n e_fw-la from_o the_o western_a part_n of_o this_o county_n let_v we_o pass_v to_o the_o eastern_a where_o upon_o the_o river_n dane_n be_v congleton_n the_o ancient_a condatum_n of_o antoninus_n according_a to_o our_o author_n mr._n burton_n mr._n talbot_n and_o other_o wherever_o it_o be_v it_o seem_v probable_a enough_o as_o mr._n 124._o mr._n comment_fw-fr upon_o the_o iâ—inerar_n p._n 124._o burton_n have_v hint_v that_o it_o come_v from_o condate_n in_o gaul_n famous_a for_o the_o death_n of_o s._n martin_n for_o 5._o for_o dâ—_n bell._n gâ—ll._n l._n 5._o caesar_n express_o tell_v we_o that_o even_o in_o his_o time_n they_o translate_v themselves_o out_o of_o that_o part_n of_o gaul_n into_o britain_n and_o that_o after_o they_o be_v settle_v they_o call_v their_o respective_a city_n after_o the_o name_n of_o those_o wherein_o they_o have_v be_v bear_v and_o breed_v whether_o any_o remain_v of_o roman_a antiquity_n that_o have_v be_v discover_v at_o congleton_n induce_v our_o antiquary_n to_o fix_v it_o there_o be_v uncertain_a since_o they_o be_v silent_a in_o the_o matter_n but_o if_o the_o bare_a affinity_n of_o name_n be_v their_o only_a ground_n suppose_v the_o distance_n will_v but_o answer_v there_o may_v be_v some_o reason_n to_o remove_v it_o into_o the_o bishopric_n of_o durham_n wherein_o at_o consby_n near_o percebridge_n be_v dug_n up_o a_o roman_a altar_n very_o much_o favour_v this_o conjecture_n the_o draught_n and_o inscription_n of_o it_o with_o the_o remark_n upon_o they_o shall_v be_v insert_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n more_o towards_o the_o north_n lie_v maclesfield_n where_o in_o a_o chapel_n or_o oratory_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o parochial_a chapel_n and_o belong_v to_o peter_n leigh_n of_o lyme_n esq_n as_o it_o ancient_o belong_v to_o his_o ancestor_n in_o a_o brass_n plate_n be_v the_o verse_n and_o follow_a account_n of_o two_o worthy_a person_n of_o this_o family_n here_o lie_v the_o body_n of_o perkin_n a_o legh_n that_o for_o king_n richard_n the_o death_n do_v die_v betray_v for_o righteousness_n and_o the_o bone_n of_o sir_n peer_n his_o son_n that_o with_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o do_v win_v in_o paris_n this_o perkin_n serve_v king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o the_o black_a prince_n his_o son_n in_o all_o their_o war_n in_o france_n and_o be_v at_o the_o battle_n of_o cressie_n and_o have_v lyme_n give_v he_o for_o that_o service_n and_o after_o their_o death_n serve_v king_n richard_n the_o second_o and_o leave_v he_o not_o in_o his_o trouble_n but_o be_v take_v with_o he_o and_o behead_v at_o chester_n by_o king_n henry_n the_o four_o and_o the_o say_a sir_n peer_n his_o son_n serve_v king_n henry_n the_o five_o and_o be_v slay_v at_o the_o battle_n of_o agincourt_n in_o their_o memory_n sir_n peter_n legh_n of_o lyme_n knight_n descend_v from_o they_o find_v the_o say_v old_a verse_n write_v upon_o a_o stone_n in_o this_o chapel_n do_v re-edify_v this_o place_n an._n dom._n 1626._o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o same_o parochial_a chapel_n in_o a_o oratory_n belong_v to_o the_o right_n honourable_a thomas_n earl_n rivers_n be_v this_o copy_n of_o a_o pardon_v grave_v in_o a_o brass_n plate_n the_o pardon_n for_o say_v of_o five_o pater_fw-la noster_n and_o five_o ave_n and_o a_o ......_o be_v xxvi_o thousand_o year_n and_o xxvi_o day_n of_o pardon_n another_o brass_n plate_n in_o the_o same_o chapel_n have_v this_o ancient_a inscription_n orato_fw-la pro_fw-la animabus_fw-la rogeri_n legh_n &_o elizabeth_n uxoris_fw-la suae_fw-la qui_fw-la quidem_fw-la rogerus_fw-la obiit_fw-la iiii_o die_v novembris_fw-la anno_fw-la domini_fw-la m._n v._o c._n vi_o elizabeth_n verò_fw-la obiit_fw-la shall_fw-mi o_o die_v octobris_fw-la an._n domini_fw-la mcccclxxxix_n quorum_fw-la animabus_fw-la propitietur_fw-la deus_fw-la this_o town_n of_o macclesfield_n have_v give_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n to_o the_o gerrard_n the_o first_o whereof_o invest_v with_o that_o honour_n be_v charles_n create_v earl_n of_o this_o place_n 31_o car._n 2._o who_o be_v late_o dead_a be_v now_o succeed_v by_o his_o son_n and_o heir_n the_o more_o rare_a plant_n yet_o observe_v to_o grow_v in_o cheshire_n be_v cerasus_n avium_fw-la fructu_fw-la minimus_fw-la cordiformi_fw-la phyt._fw-la brit._n the_o least_o wild_a heart_n cherrytree_n or_o merry-tree_n near_o stock-port_n and_o in_o other_o place_n mr._n lawson_n can_v observe_v no_o other_o difference_n between_o this_o and_o the_o common_a cherrytree_n but_o only_o in_o the_o figure_n and_o smallness_n of_o the_o fruit_n hereford-shire_n by_o robt._n morden_n silures_n it_o seem_v most_o adviseable_a before_o we_o go_v to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o england_n to_o take_v a_o round_a into_o cambria_n or_o wales_n still_o possess_v by_o the_o posterity_n of_o the_o old_a britain_n though_o i_o can_v look_v upon_o this_o as_o a_o digression_n but_o a_o pursue_v of_o the_o natural_a course_n of_o thing_n for_o this_o tract_n be_v spread_v out_o along_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o cornavii_n and_o seem_v to_o have_v a_o right_a to_o be_v consider_v here_o as_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n especial_o see_v the_o british_a or_o welsh_a the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n enjoy_v the_o same_o law_n and_o privilege_n with_o we_o and_o have_v be_v this_o long_a time_n as_o it_o be_v engraft_v into_o our_o government_n wales_n wales_n wales_n therefore_o which_o former_o comprehend_v all_o that_o lie_v beyond_o the_o severn_n but_o have_v now_o narrow_a bound_n be_v former_o inhabit_v by_o three_o people_n the_o silures_n silures_n silures_n the_o dimetae_n dimetae_n dimetae_n and_o the_o ordovices_n ordovices_n ordovices_n to_o these_o do_v not_o only_o belong_v the_o twelve_o county_n of_o wales_n but_o also_o the_o two_o other_o lie_v beyond_o the_o severn_n herefordshire_n and_o monmouthshire_n now_o reckon_v among_o the_o county_n of_o england_n to_o take_v they_o then_o as_o they_o lie_v the_o silures_n as_o we_o gather_v from_o ptolemy_n description_n of_o they_o inhabit_v those_o country_n which_o the_o welsh_a call_n by_o one_o general_a name_n deheubarth_n i.e._n the_o southern_a part_n at_o this_o day_n branch_v into_o the_o new_a name_n of_o herefordshire_n radnorshire_n brecknockshire_n monmouthshire_n and_o glamorganshire_n within_o which_o compass_n there_o be_v still_o some_o remain_v of_o the_o name_n silures_n as_o to_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n i_o can_v think_v of_o none_o that_o will_v answer_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n but_o as_o to_o the_o original_n of_o
the_o people_n tacitus_n tacitus_n tacitus_n imagine_v they_o to_o have_v come_v first_o from_o iberia_n upon_o account_n of_o their_o vultus_fw-la their_o colorati_fw-la vultus_fw-la ruddy_a complexion_n their_o curl_a hair_n and_o their_o situation_n over_o against_o spain_n but_o florianus_n del_fw-it campo_n a_o spaniard_n be_v very_o positive_a in_o that_o matter_n and_o take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o find_v the_o silures_n in_o spain_n and_o to_o obtrude_v upon_o we_o i_o know_v not_o what_o story_n about_o soloria_n and_o siloria_fw-la among_o the_o old_a astures_n however_o this_o country_n be_v very_o large_a for_o it_o seem_v probable_a from_o pliny_n and_o tacitus_n that_o they_o be_v possess_v of_o all_o south-wales_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v hardy_a stout_a warlike_a averse_a to_o servitude_n of_o great_a boldness_n and_o resolution_n term_v by_o the_o roman_n pervicacia_fw-la roman_n pervicacia_fw-la obstinacy_n and_o stubbornness_n not_o to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o either_o by_o threat_n or_o kindness_n and_o their_o posterity_n have_v not_o degenerate_v in_o any_o of_o these_o particular_n when_o the_o roman_n out_o of_o a_o itch_a desire_n of_o enlarge_a their_o empire_n make_v attempt_n upon_o they_o xlvii_o see_v pag._n xlvii_o they_o partly_o repose_v a_o confidence_n in_o the_o courage_n and_o conduct_n of_o king_n caratacus_n and_o partly_o incense_v by_o a_o say_n of_o claudius_n the_o emperor_n that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v as_o entire_o rout_v as_o the_o sugambri_n have_v be_v engage_v the_o roman_n in_o a_o very_a troublesome_a and_o difficult_a war_n for_o have_v intercept_v the_o auxiliary_a troop_n cut_v off_o the_o legion_n under_o marius_n valens_n and_o waste_v the_o territory_n of_o their_o ally_n p._n ostorius_n propraetor_n in_o britain_n be_v quite_o wear_v out_o with_o all_o these_o cross_n and_o die_v of_o grief_n veranius_n too_o who_o govern_v britain_n under_o nero_n be_v baffle_v in_o this_o enterprise_n against_o they_o for_o where_o tacitus_n say_v fourteen_o tacit._n annal_n l._n fourteen_o illu_z modicis_fw-la excursibus_fw-la sylvas_fw-la populatum_fw-la esse_fw-la that_o he_o destroy_v and_o waste_v the_o wood_n with_o slight_a excursion_n instead_o of_o sylvas_fw-la with_o the_o learned_a lipsius_n only_o read_v siluras_n and_o all_o be_v right_a nor_o can_v a_o end_n be_v make_v of_o this_o war_n before_o vespasian_n reign_n for_o then_o julius_n frontinus_n subdue_v they_o and_o keep_v they_o quiet_a by_o garrison_n of_o the_o legion_n a_o certain_a countryman_n of_o we_o have_v wrest_v that_o verse_n of_o juvenal_n upon_o crispinus_n to_o these_o silures_n magnâ_fw-la qui_fw-la voce_fw-la solebat_fw-la vendere_fw-la municipes_fw-la fractâ_fw-la de_fw-la merce_v siluros_fw-la who_o with_o hideous_a cry_n bawl_v out_o his_o break_a sturgeon_n in_o the_o street_n as_o if_o some_o of_o our_o silures_n have_v be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o expose_v to_o sale_n at_o rome_n but_o take_v it_o upon_o my_o word_n he_o have_v mistake_v the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o poet._n for_o any_o one_o that_o read_v that_o passage_n with_o attention_n will_v quick_o perceive_v that_o by_o siluros_n he_o design_n to_o express_v a_o sort_n of_o fish_n and_o not_o a_o people_n herefordshire_n herefordshire_n call_v by_o the_o britain_n ereinuc_fw-la be_v in_o a_o manner_n of_o a_o circular_a form_n bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o county_n of_o worcester_n and_o gloucester_n on_o the_o south_n with_o monmouth_n on_o the_o west_n with_o radnor_n and_o breknock_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o shropshire_n a_o country_n beside_o its_o pleasantness_n both_o for_o feed_v of_o cattle_n and_o produce_v of_o corn_n every_o where_n of_o a_o excellent_a soil_n and_o admirable_o well_o provide_v with_o all_o necessary_n for_o life_n insomuch_o that_o it_o may_v scorn_v to_o come_v behind_o any_o county_n in_o england_n for_o fruitfulness_n of_o soil_n england_n soil_n and_o therefore_o say_v that_o for_o three_o w._n w._n w._n wheat_n wool_n and_o water_n it_o yield_v to_o no_o shire_n of_o england_n to_o which_o excellency_n be_v to_o be_v add_v its_o fine_a river_n the_o wye_n the_o lugier_n and_o the_o munow_v which_o after_o they_o have_v water_v the_o verdant_a flowery_a meadow_n and_o rich_a and_o fruitful_a cornfield_n at_o last_o have_v their_o conflux_n and_o in_o one_o channel_n pass_v to_o the_o severn-sea_n asleep_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d river_n 〈◊〉_d the_o munow_n have_v its_o rise_n in_o hatterell-hill_n which_o shoot_v up_o aloft_o look_v as_o it_o be_v like_o a_o chair_n and_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o wall_n to_o this_o shire_n on_o the_o south-west-side_n hence_o the_o river_n descend_v first_o struggle_v southward_o along_o the_o foot_n of_o these_o hill_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o blestium_fw-la a_o town_n so_o place_v by_o antoninus_n that_o both_o for_o situation_n and_o distance_n it_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o which_o stand_v upon_o this_o river_n town_n 〈◊〉_d town_n be_v by_o the_o britain_n call_v castle_n hean_n that_o be_v the_o old_a castle_n by_o we_o the_o old_a town_n a_o inconsiderable_a village_n but_o nevertheless_o this_o new_a name_n make_v much_o for_o its_o antiquity_n for_o in_o both_o tongue_n it_o sound_v a_o old_a castle_n or_o town_n next_o to_o this_o lie_v alterynnis_n surround_v with_o water_n cecil_n alterynnis_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o cecil_n as_o it_o be_v a_o island_n in_o a_o river_n the_o seat_n in_o former_a age_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o knightly_a family_n of_o the_o sitsilter_n or_o cecil_n whence_o my_o right_a honourable_a patron_n high_o accomplish_v with_o all_o the_o ornament_n of_o virtue_n wisdom_n and_o nobility_n sir_n william_n cecil_n baron_n of_o burghley_n and_o lord_n high_a treasurer_n of_o england_n be_v descend_v from_o hence_o the_o munow_v turn_v eastward_o for_o a_o good_a way_n part_v this_o province_n from_o monmouthshire_n and_o be_v augment_v by_o the_o river_n door_n at_o map-harald_n or_o harald_n ewias_n harald-ewias_a harald-ewias_a a_o castle_n this_o ewias-castle_n to_o give_v you_o the_o word_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o be_v book_n be_v repair_v by_o alured_n of_o marleberg_n ewias_n the_o family_n of_o ewias_n afterward_o it_o belong_v to_o one_o harald_n a_o nobleman_n who_o arms._n their_o arms._n in_o a_o shield_n argent_fw-fr bear_v a_o fess_n gules_a between_o three_o estoile_n sable_a from_o who_o it_o first_o take_v the_o name_n of_o harold_n ewias_n but_o sibyl_n his_o great-grand-daughter_n and_o one_o of_o the_o heir_n transfer_v it_o by_o marriage_n to_o the_o lord_n tregoz_n grandison_n tregoz_fw-mi and_o grandison_n from_o who_o it_o come_v at_o length_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o grandison_n original_o of_o burgundy_n of_o who_o elsewhere_o now_o the_o door_n abovementioned_a fall_v down_o from_o the_o north_n by_o snotthill_n a_o castle_n vale._n gidden_n vale._n and_o sometime_o the_o barony_n of_o robert_n chandois_n where_o there_o be_v a_o quarry_n of_o excellent_a marble_n cut_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o valley_n which_o the_o britain_n from_o the_o river_n call_v diffrin_n door_n but_o the_o english_a that_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o express_v the_o force_n of_o that_o word_n have_v term_v it_o the_o golden_a vale._n which_o name_n it_o may_v well_o be_v think_v to_o deserve_v for_o its_o golden_a rich_a and_o pleasant_a fertility_n for_o the_o hill_n that_o encompass_v it_o on_o both_o side_n be_v clothe_v with_o wood_n under_o the_o wood_n lie_v cornfield_n on_o each_o hand_n and_o under_o those_o field_n lovely_a and_o gallant_a meadow_n in_o the_o middle_n between_o they_o glide_v a_o clear_a and_o crystal_n river_n on_o which_o robert_n earl_n of_o ewias_n erect_v a_o fine_a monastery_n wherein_o most_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o these_o part_n be_v bury_v part_v of_o this_o county_n which_o bend_v towards_o the_o east_n now_o call_v irchenfeld_n irchenfeld_n irchenfeld_n in_o domesday_n archenfeld_n be_v as_o historian_n write_v lay_v waste_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n by_o the_o dane_n in_o the_o year_n 715_o camalac_n a_o british_a bishop_n be_v then_o carry_v away_o captive_a herein_o once_o stand_v kilpec_n a_o note_a castle_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o kilpec_n kilpec_n kilpec_n who_o as_o some_o report_n be_v champion_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o norman_n which_o i_o be_o very_o willing_a to_o believe_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o robert_z wallerond_n live_v here_o who_o nepos_n who_o nepos_n nephew_n alane_n plugenet_n be_v honour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o a_o baron_n in_o this_o archenfeld_n likewise_o as_o we_o read_v in_o domesday-book_n certain_a revenue_n by_o a_o old_a custom_n be_v assign_v to_o one_o or_o two_o priest_n on_o this_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v go_v in_o embassy_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n into_o wales_n and_o to_o use_v the_o word_n of_o the_o say_a book_n the_o man_n