of Plate There were 2500. Spaniards 150. high and low Dutch vnto which I ioyned my selfe They set forth in September the same yeere and hauing had some trouble at Palma one of the Canaries about stealing of a Citizens Daughter by Gâ—â—rge Mendoza a Kinsman of the Commander Don Pedro de Mendoza arriued at the riuer Ienero They call these Indians Toâ—pin Here we abode fourteene daies and Petro Mendoza our Generall then gaue commandement to Iohn Osorius his sworne Brother to take charge of vs in his steed because hee being weake and consumed in his members was much troubled almost with continuall sicknesse and diseases But when a little after the gouernment receiued Iohn Osorius had beene falsly accused and by forgerie to Mendoza his sworne brother as though he had gone about seditiously to stirre the company against him the said Mendoza commanded other foure Captaines to wit Iohn Eyoldas Iohn Saleisen George Luchsam and Lazarus Saluascho that hauing stabbed him with a Dagger they should expose him as a Traitor in the middle of the Plaine to the view of all beholders And straightly commanded it publikely to be giuen in charge that no man vpon paine of death disquiet or trouble himselfe in the behalfe of Osorius for if he did he should be no more respected whosoeuer or of what condition soeuer he were But hee was altogether iniuried For hee was an honest man and a stout and couragious Warriour and courteous liberall and verie beneficiall to his fellow Souldiers 6. Departing hence with our ships and going to the Riuer of Plate we came into a pleasant Riuer which they call Parana Urassa It is farre from the mouth of the Riuer where the Sea leaues it and is fortie two leagues broad And from the Riuer Ianero to this Riuer are two hundred and fifteene leagues Heere wee came to a Hauen called Saint Gabriel and all our fourteene ships anchored in the Riuer Parana But because we were to abide in the greater shippes on the water a Musket shot from the Land our Generall Petro Mendoza gaue commandement to set the people and Souldiers aland in the lesser Skiffes or Boats which they call Potten then prepared for that purpose So by the grace and blessing of God in the yeere of Christ 1535. wee happily arriued at the Riuer of Plate and there we found a row of houses or an Indian Village wherein there were about 2000. men whom they call Zechuruas who eate no other thing saue fish and flesh And goe all naked but that the women couer their secrets with a thinne piece of Cotton-cloth which reacheth from the Nauell to the knees They therefore at our comming leauing the Towne fled away with their wiues and children Then our Generall Mendoza commanded the people to be shipped againe and conueied ouer to the other side of the Riuer Parana where the bredth of the Riuer extendeth it selfe no more then eight leagues 7. In this place wee built a Citie which for the wholsomenesse of the Aire wee called Bonos Aeres We brought with vs also out of Spaine seuentie two Horses and Mares in our fourteene ships We found also another Village in this Countrie which the Indians inhabit whom they call Carendies of whom there were about 3000. men together with their wiues and children These also as the Zechuruas are couered from the Nauell only vnto the knees who brought vs fish and flesh to eate These Carendies haue no Proper and setled dwellings but wander in the Gountrie hither and thither almost as our Cingari and Zigeunori When they take their iourney in the Summer they often times trauell thirtie leagues and more by Land and finde not a drop of water to drinke If they light vpon a Stagge or other wilde beast when they haue killed it they drinke the bloud thereof some times they find a Roote which they call Cardes and chewing that they quench thirst But that they drinke bloud this only is the cause for that they want other drinke and peraduenture without this they should die for thirst These Carendies for fourteene daies imparted liberally of their pouertie and daily brought fish and flesh vnto our Campe one day only excepted wherein they came not to vs at all Therefore our Generall Don Petro Mendoza sent our Corrigidor Ian. Baban and two Souldiers vnto them for these Carendies abode foure leagues distant from our Campe but they so intreated them when they came vnto them that they sent them home all three soundly cut and mangled with stripes But when our Generall Petro Mendoza vnderstood these things by report of the Iudge who for this cause raised a tumult in our Campe he sent his owne naturall Brother Don Diego Mendoza against them with three hundred Souldiers and thirtie readie light Horsemen among the which I also was one straightly charging him to kill and take all the said Indian Carendies and possesse their Towne But when we came vnto them there were now some 4000. men gathered together for they had sent for all their familiars and friends to helpe them 8. When we set vpon them they so resisted vs that they put vs to trouble enough that day for they slue our Captaine Don Diego Mendoza and sixe Gentlemen with him and of the horse and foote about some twentie But on their part there fell about 1000. men Therefore they fought couragiously and stoutly against vs which wee felt by experience The weapons of these Carendies are Bowes and a kinde of Dart like the staffe of a Speare of a middle length whose point they arme with a flint called a Marchasate with an edge in forme of the three edged T underbolt They haue also bowles of stone hanging at a long coard somewhat like our plummets of Lead These bowles they so cast about the feet of Horses or Stagges that they are constrained to fall After this manner they slue our Captaine and the Gentlemen with these bowles which I my selfe beheld but they slue the Footmen with their Darts yet by the grace of God to whom be praise we ouercame them in battaile and possessed their Towne But we could take none of these Indians their wiues and children also before we assailed them by warre had fled into another Village We found nothing in this Towne of theirs but Otter skins plentie of flesh and flowre and the trane of fish Abiding therefore three daies we remained in that place and after returned to our Campe leauing 100. men there who in the meane time should fish with the Indians Nets to maintaine our Souldiers more plentifully for the waters there are maruellous full of fish for three ounces only of flowre made of fine Wheate were distributed to euerie one for one daies victuall and euerie three daies one fish This fishing lasted two moneths and if any would eate fish otherwise he must seeke them on foot foure leagues off 9. When we returned to our Campe they that were fit for
the King of Portugall sent his ships for the East Indies and so tooke possession of this Land for the King of Portugall The King Don Emanuel hauing newes hereof sent ships for to discouer the whole Countrie and found it to be the Land of America which ioyneth to the West Indies wherefore there was some controuersie betweene him and the King of Spaine but in the end being both kinsmen and great friends they agreed that the King of Portugall should hold all the Countrie that he had discouered the which was as I haue said from the Riuer of Marannon to the Riuer of Plate although the Spaniards say that it is no further then the Iland of Santa Catalina and hereupon there haue beene many controuersies betweene the Portugals and Spaniards and many men slaine There came in the yeere 1587. into this Riuer of Plate two English Ships and a Pinnace of the honorable the Earle of Comberland being bound for the straights of Magelanos and anchored ten leagues within this Riuer at a little Iland hard by the Iland called Seall Iland c. There is a port called la Para Iua which few yeares past the Frenchmen hearing of the troubles that were in Portugall came to this place and made there a Fort and so the French Ships came euery yeare thither to lade Brasill wood But they of Fernambocke with the helpe of the Spaniards went and burnt fiue ships within the Port and tooke the Fort but some of the Frenchmen ranne into the Mountaines and others slaine so that the Spaniards doe there inhabit to this day Now to returne vnto Fernambocke inhabited by a Portugall Captaine called Eduarte Coelio this is the greatest Towne in all that Coast and hath aboue three thousand houses in it with seuentie Ingenios of Sugar and great store of Brasill wood and good store of Cotton yet are they in great want of victuals for that all that they haue commeth out of Portugall and from other places there on the Coast. It is a barred Harbour and for small Barkes this place belongeth yet to the Sonne of Eduarte Coelio Passing hence is the Cape of Saint Augustine and next to that is the Riuer of Saint Francisco which is also a great Riuer Betweene this and the Bayha it is all a Wildernesse inhabited with cruell Sauage people for whom soeuer they take they kill to eate The Towne of Baya belongeth to the King and therefore the Gouernour that gouerneth all the Coast along is in this Towne of Baya and also the Bishop it is a Towne of a thousand houses and hath fortie Ingenios of Sugar and much Cotton but no Brasill wood The Sea runneth vp fourteene or fifteene leagues where they get some yeâ—res good store of Ambergreece here there is plentie of victuals and although it be hot it is a healthfull Countrey and holesome aires The next Coast is called Las Ilhas it is a small Towne not aboue one hundred and fiftie houses there are but three Ingenios of Sugar the most part of these people are labouring men and carry victuals to Fernambock in three small Barkes this people belong vnto a Gentleman called Leucas Geralds From hence the next to this Towne is called Porto Sequero this hath foure smal Townes and are in all about three hundred houses it belongeth to a Gentleman called Vasco Fernandes Coytenio from hence they goe to the Riuer of Ienero which hath about three hundred houses In this place also the Frenchmen inhabited first whóse Captaine was called Monsieur de Villegagnon hee made here a Fort and planted good Ordnance thereon and lades euery yeere great store of Brasill from thence and had great friendship with the Sauage people which serued him very well But the King of Portugall sent a power of men aganst the Frenchmen and first tooke the French ships by Sea and then landed and besieged the Fort and in time tooke them with the Captaine and because the French Captaine was a Gentleman and neuer hurt the Portugals therefore they gaue thirtie thousand Duckets for his Ordnance with all things that they had in the Fort and so sent him for France and the Portugals inhabited the Riuer There is not at this present but two Ingenios and great store of Brasil-wood with plentie of victuals From this Riuer of Ienero they go along the Coast of Saint Vincent which hath foure Townes the greatest is called Santos and hath foure hundred houses there are here three Ingenios but a very poore Country About few yeeres past there came two English ships into this Harbor which were going for the Straits of Magellanes who being in this Port there came thither three of the King of Spaines ships and fought with the Englishmen but the Englishmen sunke one of them and therefore the King commanded a Fort to be made because that no English shippes that were bound to the Straits should not victuall there the which Fort standeth on the mouth of the Harbour this Countrey belongeth to a Gentleman called Martin Alonso de Sousa this is the last inhabitance in all the Coast of Brasill this said Coast is very full of Mountaines and raineth much therefore they cannot goe from Towne to Towne by Land All the dwellings in this Countrey are by the Sea side yet the Portugals haue many times trauelled vp in the Countrie a hundred and fiftie leagues but finding no profit inhabited in no place The Coast from Saint Vincent is all full of Mountaines till you come to the Iland of Saint Catalina from this Iland till you come to the Straites of Magellanes is very plaine and without Woods The Riuer of Plate was discouered by Solis and after by Sebastian Cabot which went one hundred and fiftie leagues vp in it and built a Fort after by Don Pedro de Mendoza who hauing lost eight ships died in the way homewards the poore men which hee left behind him for very hunger died the most part of them for that there about were very few Indians and therefore small store of victuals but onely liued by hunting of Deere and fishing Of all the men that this Don Pedro left behind him there was liuing no more but two hundred men which in the ships Boats went vp the Riuer leauing in this place called bonas ayres three Mares and Horses But it is a wonder to see that of thirtie Mares and seuen Horses which the Spaniards left in this place that in fortie yeeres these beasts haue so increased that the Countrey is twentie leagues vp full of Horses whereby one may see the pasture and fruitfulnesse of the Countrey The Spaniards that went vp this Riuer were three hundred leagues vp and found the Countrey full of Indians where were great store of victuals and the Spaniards dwelt among them as their friends and the Indians did giue their Daughters to wise vnto the Spaniards and so they dwelt in one Towne together which the Spaniards called La Ascension
1524. Language words of Virginian Savages 1667. Language very copious and difficult 1870 La Pacheta a small Iland 1414 Laquedambaras Nut-trees among the Indians 1502 La para Iua a place in the Indies taken by French from the Spanish and repossessed by them 1438 Las Cabecas Iles so called 1244 Las Ilhas an American towne 1438 Layfield viz. Doctor Layfield his relation of Port-Ricco voyage 1155. seq His imployment vnder the Lord of Cumberland 1169 Leafe in Guiana called Kellette curing poisoned wounds and the headaâ—h 1276. Apparell made of leaues 1213 League betweene the Mussasois and the English 1850 Leakes how stop'd vnder-water without aboard 1394 Leagh viz. Sir Oliph Leagh the traiterous massacring of three score and seven of his men in an Iland of the West-Indies 1255 1256. seq Captaine Leighs voyage to Orenoque 1156. To Guiana and plantâ—â—ion there 1250 His comming to Wyapogo and Aracawa 1251 1252. his death the danger of his men 1621 1622 Leopards called by the Indians Iawarile 1229 Le Equille a River in New-France 1621 Lepos Tomienos a kinde of Canibals 1216 Lerius his relation of Brasile 1325. seq 1836 Letters sent from the Colony in New-England Anno 1622. 1840. From New-found-land 1889 Lice 1205 Leyhannos a Savage people of the West-Indies 1364 Lignum Vitae 1657 Lightening kils two men 1672 Lightening in a great tempest saues Mariners from shipwracke 1716 Light at sea seene on the Shrouds in a hell darke night conceits and names thereof 1737 Lima Indians of Peru 1365. Their City bignesse and inhabitants 1416 1421 Limbo-Iles in Virginia 1712 Lime made of Oysters 1315 Limo River 1248 Line how and when most safely to be passed 1377 Listers dangerous attempt 1143 Liver by what meanes corroborated and preserved 1310 Lizards eaten in America 1326 A monstrous Lizard 1327 Master Locks death neere the Line the onely friend of Captaine Candish in his last voyage 1201 Lomioo a town in the Indies inhabited by Arwacca Savages 1285 Londoners voyage to New-England Anno 1616. p. 1838. To the Canaries from London An. 1616. p. 1839. From London to New-England againe An. 1620 ouerthrowne by the rage of divers tempests to the losse of goods and men 1840 Long-Ile in New-France 1622 Long-reach a place in the Straits of Magellane 1389 Lopez de Agira a mutinous Souldier among the Spaniards his extreame cruelty and event 1436 1437. His plot to poison Queene Elizabeth 1894 Lopez Vaz a Portingall his voyage and Historie touching places and discoveries in America 1432 t seq Loquilla A hill famous for Mynes in Port-Ricco 1171 Lopos Savages in Brasile called by the Portingals Bilreros their houses wyldnesse harmlesnesse shamelesnesse beastlinesse women complexion 1230. Store of gold ibid. Lord de la Ware his happy ariuall at the distressed Colony in Virginia 1732. His presidency there 1754. his first Acts and the constitution of Officers his councell ibid. His sending Sir George Summers to the Bermudas for provision ibid. His wrongs by Powhatan and revenge with a message to him 1755. It s successe and his punishing an Indian 1756 His relation to the Lords and the Councell of Virginia touching his returne thence 1762. seq His sundry sicknesses ibid. 1763 His death in a voyage to Virginia 1774 Lord of Southampton Treasurer of Virginia 1783. His provision and supply of it ibid. His letters to the Colony touching silk-plants 1787 1788 Lotterie set vp in London for the Colony in Virginia 1773 Lots cast for euery mans severall logding in New-England 1848 Low-Countries supposed to have Ships great and small of all sorts 20000 1821 Saint Lucia 1146. The description and commodities thereof 1265 Lukes-Bay a pleasant harbour in New-Scotland 1873 Lutherans thought a title of ignominie to the Spaniards though they confessed God tooke part with them 1680 Luysa a towne neere Port-Râ—cco 1170 Luys de Moscoso made Gouernour of Cuba and Adelantado of Florida after Sotoes death 1552. His and his companies resolution to travell by Land West ward in that countrey his ariuall at seuerall Indian townes and entertainment 1553. His being in danger of losing himselfe and his company in the desert-countreys ibid. His vncomfortable travels in the deserts enduraÌ„ce of scarcity there his returning the same way hee came 1554. And taking passage downe a River to the sea the whole remainder of his company their dangerous storme and perill by the Indians in the River 1555. His ariuall at Panuco 1556 Lying how punished by some Indians 1451 Lyma a place in the West-Indies 1242 1393. The description of the Bay that leadeth to it 1394 Lyons in the West Indies 1211. They call them Iawarosou 1229. are worshipped in Peru 1457 M. MAcanao the westermost point of Margarita 1266 Mace his voyage to Virginia in a barke sent by Sir Walter Raleigh 1653 Machaseis a river in the West Indies 1265 Maccah a small River neere Orenoco and Guyana 1246 Macucagua a Bird resembling the Feasant and hath three skins one ouer another 1306 Macurio a River 1247 Macuerendas a Nation in the River Parana in the Indies populous and fierce their description 1350 Macuta Indians in Brasile 1299 Madalena a River in Florida 1504 Madera Ilands their description diuision and commodities 1369 Madera Ile discouered by Master Challons in his voyage to the North of Virginia 1833 Madiopuera a venemous plumme 1230 Magalines a Portingall Navigator 1191 Mâ—guana a Province in Hispaniola 1572 Magdalene River 1434 Magellane Straits described 1384. vide streights Magellane streights extreame winter 1193 Maguâ—y a tree yeelding Wine Vineger Honey beds threads needles tables and hafts of kniues besides many medicinable vses 1421 Maiz of two sorts the one like Rice the other like Ginny Wheat 1173 1851. Maketh strong drinke 1258 Malabrigo Port 1399 Manco King of Peru his distresse by the faithlesse Spaniards and the issue 1486 1487 Mammeis an excellent kind of fruit 1172 Manarippano an Iland in the midst of the River Orenoco 1249 Manilla Iland 1446 Mandioco the ordinary food of the inhabitants of Brasile which serveth for bread the strange effects thereof 1214 1309 1310. Wine made of the root Mandioco which preserveth the Liver 1310 Man-eaters vid. Canibals Mans inconstancie 1190 1191 Mapies certaine Indians so called their description countrey and commodities they are a very warlike Nation and treacherous 1362 1363. Their ouerthrow by the Spaniards ibid. Marble Rocke of halfe a mile in length 1761 Marchin-Bay how situate and why so called 1626 Marcomwin a village in the River Marwin 1283 Saint Maries Iland the situation and description thereof 1393 1143 1671 Mariages how vndertaken and solemnized by the Inhabitants of Peru 1457. Mariage forbidden to him that hath not taken his enemie 1290 Mariquites certaine Canibals so called their stature women dwellings religion language cloathing c. 1226 1227 Maroer a Brasilian Riuer 1242 Mariners their duty and disposition 1368 1403 Martha a Province in America very rich in gold and other commodities 1583. It is
aide 5000. foote and 1000. horse at her owne charge to be by them after repayed the first yeares charges in the first yeare of peace the rest in the foure following Flushing and the Ramekins and Brill to remaine â—ers in caution c. Her Maiestie set forth a Booke also for her iustification by the ancient leagues with the Belgian Prouinces for mutuall defence the Spanish crueltie on the poore Belgians and their nefarious deuises against her neither had she any intent in administring these aides but that the Low-Countries might enioy their ancient liberty she and her subiects their securitie and both Nations peaceable commerce And to the end that warre might not first be brought home to her owne doores she set forth a Fleete to finde the Spaniard worke abroad Hereupon Anâ—o 1585. Sir Francis Drake with a Fleete of fiue and twenty saile and 2300. Souldiers and Sailers was set forth from Plimmouth Sep. 12. Christopher Carlile his Lieutenent Generall Anthonie Powell Sergeant Maior Captaine Matthew Morgan and Iohn Samson Corporall of the field Land Captaines Anthonie Plat Edward Winter Iohn Goring Robert Pen George Barton Iohn Merchant William Ceuill Walter Bigs Iohn Haman Richard Stanton Captaine Martin Frobisher Viceadmirall in the Primrose Captaine Francis Knolles Rereadmirall in the Gallion Leicester Captaine Thomas Vennâ—r in the Eliz. Bonaduenture vnder the Generall Captaine Edward Winter in the Aide Christopher Carlile in the Tigre Henry White Captain of the Sea Dragon Thomas Drake Captaine of the Thomas Thomas Seely Captaine of the Minion Captaine Bayly of the Barke Talbot Robert Crosse of the Barke Bond George Fortescue of the Barke Boner Edward Carelesse of the Hope Iames Erizo of the White Lyon Thomas Moone of the Fancis Iohn Riuers of the Vantage Iohn Vaughan of the Drake Iohn Varney of the George Iohn Martin of the Beniamin Richard Gilman of the Scout Richard Hawkins of the Ducke Captaine Bitfield of the Swallow They tooke a Shippe of Saint Sebastians laden with fish entred the Iles of Bayon and sent to the Citie to know whether there were warres betwixt England and Spaine and why the English Merchants and their goods in Spaine were embarged or arrested The Gouernour professed his ignorance in both and that this later was the Kings pleasure After some spoiles done about Vigo they fell with Hierro but the Iland being poore departed without harme Thence they went to the Iles of Cape Verde and at Saint Iago entred betwixt the Towne called Playa or Praya and Saint Iago landed 1000. men and the men being fled entred the Towne and shot off all their Ordnance being 50. peeces answered from the Ships to honour the Queenes day the 17. of Nouember No Treasure was found but Wine Oyle Meale c. They possessed it foureteene dayes Nouember the foure and twentieth they marched to Saint Domingo twelue miles within land and found the people fled After foureteene dayes they departed hauing burned the Towne of Playa none of the inhabitants hauing offered to intercede which seemed to happen from their guiltinesse towards old Master William Hawkins whose men perfidiously they had murthered foure or fiue yeares before against their promise putting off to the West Indies they could not put off the effects of the aire of that Iland which by a Calentura killed two or three hundred of their men The first Iland which they fell with was Dominica the next Saint Christophers and hauing there spent their Christmas they resolued for Hispaniola and hauing receiued intelligence by a Frigot which they tooke in the way they landed nine or ten miles to the Westward of Saint Domingo on New yeares day About noone they approached the Towne vnder the conduct of Master Carlile and 150. horsemen presenting themselues from the Citie being retired they diuided their forces to assault both the Westerne gates at once The Ordnance being discharged on them they ran in to preuent a second charge and entred with them pell mell into the Gates the enemy altering their fight into flight which they made by the North gate Both troopes met in the Market-place and there barricadoed themselues The Castle was abandoned the next night They held the Towne a whole moneth They burned many houses before they could bring the Spaniards to a price for the ransome of the rest for which at last they paid after much spoile 25000. Duckets The pray was not much In the Towne-house were the Kings armes and in the lower part of the scutchion was painted a globe of the Sea and Land a horse standing thereon with his hinder legges the forepart without the globe with this motto ascribed to his mouth Non sufficit Orbis From Saint Domingo they set saile for Carthagena on the Continent landing some Companies with Captaine Carlile fiue miles of which were led on by night the Generall with this Fleete presenting themselues before the chained Port and hauing gotten the Citie held the same six weekes They tooke Alonso Brauo the Gouernour After many houses burned 11000. Duckets were paid for ransome of the rest from burning The Calentura continued killing some being a pestilent spotted Feuer and spoyling others of their strength and memory for a long time The Serena or Euening ayre is said to cause it to them which are then abroad if not of that Countrey so that by holding their watch the English were thus infected This forced them to giue ouer their intended voyage to Nombre de Dios and Panama sailing therefore alongst the coast of Florida they tooke and fired two garrison Townes of the Spaniards Saint Anthonie and Saint Helena and the Fort of Saint Iohn Then passing alongst the Virginian shore they tooke home the English Colonie there remaining with Master Lane their Gouernour sent by Sir Walter Raleigh These are said by Master Camden to haue beene the first bringers in of the vse of Tobacco since so frequently abused by our Nation They arriued at Portsmouth the 28. of Iuly 1586. They got Ordnance of Brasse aboue 200. peeces and about 40. of Iron They prey was valued at 60000. li. English There dyed most of the Calentura 700. persons The industry of the Generall in all places is remakeable whose vigilance and bodily presence and labour in all businesse was much that had he beene in the meanest he had merited the highest place To this is fittest in next place to adde his Cadiz exploit Anno 1587. and the taking of the rich Caracke called Saint Philip. HEr Maiestie being informed of that inuincible Armadas preparing in Spaine which did come and was ouercome the yeare after sent a fleete of 30. saile vnder the command of Sir Francis Drake the Bonaduenture the Lyon the Dread-naught and the Rainbow were out of her Nauy Royall chosen to this seruice The 16. of Aprill two Shippes of Midleborough which came from Cadiz with whom we met in 40. degrees gaue him to vnderstand that there was great
many small peeces of Gold that we found in many places where the water washed away the Earth the Gouernour Generall tooke it paying vs for it more then it was worth and sent it to the King with a Sey for to consider whether it should be wrought or not the Gouernor Generall sent likewise 40000. pounds worth of Plate that he had wrought out of the Myne of Saint Paul which is twelue leagues from San Vincents In the time that I went to Etapusicke my Master was gone home then I serued as a Souldier for the space of three moneths that shipping went to the Riuer of Ienero then the Gouernour Generall requited my paines very honourably and sent me backe againe to my Master After that my Master sent to a place called the Organs which Hill is to bee seene from the Riuer of Ienero where we found a little Myne of Gold and many good stones There came a Hulke out of Spaine that brought a Bishop and a Spanish Gouernor to goe from thence in small shipping to the Riuer of Plate and from thence to Somma A little after that this Hulke arriued at the Riuer of Ienero where fell a disease in the Countrey like the meazels but as bad as the plague for in three moneths their dyed in the Riuer of Ienero aboue three thousand Indians and Portugals this disease was generally in all parts of the Countrey At this time going vp and downe from the Sugar-mill to the ship in the night with a Barke lading of Brasill for the Hulke with the Ayre one of my legges swelled that I could not stirre it is common and very dangerous in those Countries when a man is hot to come in the Ayre especially in the night for being a hot Countrey it hath a piercing ayre and suddenly striketh in any part of the bodie I was very ill for the space of a moneth The fourteenth of August 1601. Saluador Corea de Sasa Gouernour of the Riuer of Ianuary embarked himselfe in the aforesaid Hulke with his Wife Donenes de Soso determining to make his Voyage to Fernambuquo we sayled East to Seaward The fifteenth day wee kept still Eastward to the Sea The sixteenth day we kept North-east and about tenne of the clocke we had sight of the Cape The seuenteenth eighteenth and nineteenth hauing the wind North-west we kept stil Eastward for feare of the sands and cliffes called Aborollas they lye betweene the Cape and Spirito Santo The twentieth day hauing the winde South wee sayled our course North-east This course we kept till the fiue and twentieth of the moneth then the winde turned Northward we made East to Sea this course we were faine to keepe till the last day of the moneth the first of February the winde being at South-west wee sayled North-east along the Coast till the seuenth day of the moneth The eight day the Master and the Pilot tooke the height of the Sun and were ten degrees and an halfe Southward of the Line As the Master and the Pilot were talking together concerning the Voyage there came a Sea-foule and sitting vpon the backe stay cast out two or three little fishes with that a Spaniard called Iasper Conquero who had some experience of the Coast said to the Master take heed for I am afraid you are neerer the shoate then you take your selfe to bee for you know not how the current driueth you Westward vpon the Coast the Flemmings bade him meddle with his owne businesse and that they knew what to do without his counsell the Pilot made himselfe forty leagues from the shore directed his course North. The ninth day at midnight wee descried Land the Pilot presently cast his Lead and found but eight fathomes water then he commanded the Saylers to cast about the which they did the wind being at North-east and wee being neere the shore could not beare vp to Sea for wee saw Clifts both on the starboord and larboord side of vs and before wee could get out our Anchor we were driuen so neere the Clifts on the lee side of vs that wee had no other remedie but to runne vpon the Rockes where we had beene all cast away but that it was the pleasure of God to deliuer vs for wee lay with the Prow of our ship vpon one of the Rockes for the space of halfe an houre and we were faine to cut off both our Masts and to cast many chists ouer-boord thinking it had beene impossible to saue any thing but it was the will of God when wee least thought of it that a great Sea brake ouer the Rocke and put vs into eight fathomes water betweene the Rockes and the Cliffes so by the prouidence of God wee were deliuered out of the aforesaid danger The next day we saw Canibals along the shore then the Gouernour commanded mee to be set on shore to talke with the wilde people and to know of them vpon what Coast wee were or if we might goe to Fernambuquo by land the Captaine commanded a Mamaluke called Antonio Fernandes to goe with me ashore but when we came to land this Mamaluke durst not goe on shore for feare of the wilde Canibals so I went alone and saluted them according to the fashion of the Countrey then I enquired of them how they called the place where they were they told me that it was called Cororeyespe which is the Riuer of Toades likewise they said that we were very neere the Riuer of Saint Francis and Northward we had the Riuer called Saint Michell and that they were slaues to the Portugals of Fernambucke hauing driuen cattle to Baya and now they returned home againe One of these bond-slaues went aboord the shippe with mee and talked with the Gouernour the next day the Gouernours Wife entreated her husband that hee would leaue the Hulke and goe by land the which he did at his wifes request so commanding all his Treasure to be set on shore we left our ship the Gouernour commanded the Master to take Fernambuquo if it were possible if not that he should goe to Baya and from thence into Portugall with any ships that should depart from thence this Hulke had nine tunnes of Siluer in her the which incharged to Diego de Guadro by the Gouernour Generall Don Francisco de Sasa and at Fernambuquo the charge of it was giuen to my Master Saluador Corea de Sasa from the place where we were driuen on shore to Fernambucke is fortie leagues In this iourney from the Riuer of Toades or from the Clifts called Bayshas Deamrobrio did I and Domingos Gomes alway carrie a Boxe of pure Gold of my Masters some twelue leagues from the aforesaid Riuer of Toades to a place called by the Indians Vpauasou are three leagues this Vpauasou is a very singular good place to take flesh water from Vpauasou to another Riuer called Casuays is one league from the Casuayes to the Riuer of Saint Michell are foure leagues at
their enemies they make great noises striking with certaine stickes vpon others Others called Quirigma these were Lords of the Countries of the Bay and therefore it is called the Bay Cuirimure The Tupinabas did expell them out of their Countries and remained Lords of them and the Tapuyas went toward the South Others called Maribuco in habit in the Maine right against the great Riuer Others called Catagua doe liue right against Iequeriquare betweene the Holy Ghost and Port Secure Others called Tapuxerig are enemies of the Tapuyas and eate vp their Corne fields Others that dwell about the Maine that goeth toward Saint Vincent are called Amocaxo and were enemies of the Tupinaquins Others called Nonea haue verie great faces Others called Apuy dwell neere the field of the Maine they are great singers and haue another Speech Others called Panaguiri differing from the former Others also differing called Bigrorgya Others called Piriju there are a great number of these All these seuentie sixe Nations of Tapuyas which haue the most of them a sundry Language are a wilde sauage and vntamed people they are all for the most part enemies of the people that dwell in the Sea Coast neighbouring to the Portugals onely a certaine kind of Tapuyas that liue in the Riuer of Saint Francis and others that dwell nearer are friends of the Portugals and entertaine them verie well when they passe through their Countries Of these many are Christians that were brought by the Fathers from the Maine and learning the Speech of them of the Sea Coast which the Fathers can speake they baptized them and many of them doe liue in the Townes of the Fathers married and serue them for Interpreters for the remedie of so great a number of people as is lost and onely with these Tapuyas may some fruit bee gotten with the rest of the Tapuyas no conuersion can be wrought because of their mutabilitie and the hauing manie and sundrie very hard Languages Onely there remaineth one remedie if the Lord God doe not discouer another and it is getting some of their children and making them to learne the Speech of the rest and seruing for Interpreters may some fruit be gotten though with great difficultie for the Reasons abouesaid and manie other The Climate of Brasill generally is temperate of good delicate and healthfull aire where the men liue Ion euen to 90. 100. and more yeeres and the Countrie is full of old men Generally it is neither cold nor hot though from the Riuer of I anuarie vnto Saint Vincent there be colds and heates but not very great The Heauens are very pure and cleere especially by night the Moone is very preiudiciall vnto health and corrupteth the things very much The mornings are verie healthfull it hath verie little twilights as well in the morning as in the euenings for as soone as it is day presently the Sun riseth and as soone as it is set it is night Their Winter beginneth in March and endeth in August the Summer beginneth in September and endeth in Februarie the nights and daies are all the yeere almost equall The Countrie is some what melancholicke ouerflowne with many waters as wel of maine Riuers as from the Skie in it is great store of raine chiefly in Winter it is ful of great Woods that are greene all the yeere It is a Hilly Countrie especially toward the Sea Coast and from Pernambuco vnto the Captaineship of the Holy Ghost is verie scarce of stone but from thence to Saint Vincent are verie rough and high Mountaines of great Quarries of Rockie stone the food and waters are generally healthfull light and of easie digestion There are few Commodities for apparell because the Countrie yeeldeth nothing but Cotton-wooll and of the rest the Countrie is plentifull especially of Cattell and Sugars §. IIII. Of the Beasts Land-serpents Fowles THe Deere in the Brasilian tongue is called Cuacu there are some very great like faire Horses they are well headed and some haue ten or twelue snags these are rare and they are found in the Riuer of Saint Francis and in the Captainship of Saint Uincent These are called Cuacuapara they are esteemed of the Carijos who of the shankes and sinowes make the points of their Arrowes and certaine throwing Balls which they vse for to strike downe beasts and men There bee other smaller they haue hornes also but they are onely of one point besides these there are three or foure kindes some that feede onely in the Woods others onely in the plaine fields in heards They make great account of the skinnes and of the flesh The Tapijrete are the Elkes of whose skinne the leather Targets are made they are like Kine much more like a Mule the tayle is of a finger length they haue no hornes they haue a snout of a quarter long which he shrinketh vp and putteth forth They swimme and diue very much but when they diue they take ground presently vnder water and going on it they come out in another place there are great store of them in this Conntrie There are great store of wilde Boares and it is the ordinary food of the Indians of this Countrie they haue the nauell on their backe and out of it there cometh a sent like the sent of little Foxes and by that sent the Dogs doe hunt them and they are easily taken There are others called Tayacutirica that is to say a Boare that snappeth or grindeth his teeth these are bigger then the common and more rare and with their tushes they goare all the beasts they meete Others are talled Tayacupita that is a Boare that standeth still and tarieth these doe assault the Dogs and the men and if they catch them they eate them they are are so fierce that men are forced to take the trees to escape them and some doe stay at the foot of the trees some dayes till the man doe come downe and because they know this tricke of theirs they goe presently to the trees with their Bowes and Arrowes and from thence they kill them There bee also other kinde of Boares all good meate The Acutis are like the Conies of Spaine chiefely in their teeth the colour is dunne and draweth toward yellow they are domesticall creatures so that they goe about the house and goe out and come in againe to it they take with their fore-feet all that they eate and so they carrie it to the mouth and they eate very fast and hide that which they leaue against they be an hungred Of these there are many kindes and all are eaten The Pacâ—t are like Pigs there are great abundance of them the flesh is pleasant but it is heauie They neuer bring forth but one at once There bee others very white these bee rare they are found in the Riuer of Saint Francis There are many Ounces some blacke some grey some speckled it a very cruell beast and fierce they assault men exceedinly that euen on the trees they
blacke and for to keepe water in Cisternes it is not so sure but for the rest as good as the stone in Spaine There wanâ— no Muscles in this Countrie they serue the Indians and the Portugals for Spoones and Kniues they haue a â—aire siluer colour in them is found some seed Pearle there is a small kind of them whereon the Sea-guls doe feed and because they cannot breake them they haue such a naturall instinct that taking them vp into the Aire they let them fall so many times till they breake it and then they eate them The Perewinkles are very tastefull and good in this Countrie and some seed Pearle is found in them and so of the Perewinkles and of the Muscles there is great store of many and sundrie kinds The greatest Wilkes which are called Gâ—â—tapiggâ—â—â—â— that is a great Wilkâ— are much esteemed of the Indians for of them they make their Trumpets Furnitures Beades Brooches Eare-rings and Gloues for the children and they are of such esteeme among them that for one they will giue any one person that they haue captiue and the Portugals gaue in olde time a Crowne for one they are as white as Iuorie and many of them are of two quarters broad and one in length The Piraguaig are also eaten and of the shelles they make their Beades and for so many fathome they gâ—ue a person Of these the Sea casteth vp sometimes great heapes a wonderfull thing Of Wilkes and Skallops there is great quantitie in this Countrie very faire and to bee esteemed of sundrie kinds They find great store of white-stone Corrall vnder water it groweth like small Trees all in leaues and Canes as the red Corrall of India and if this also were so there would be great riches in this Countrie for the great abundance there is of it it is very white it is gotten with difficultie they make lime of it also There are great multitudes of Prawnes because this Coast is almost all enuironed with shelues and Rockes there are also many Sea-ruffes and other Monsters found in the Concauities of the Rockes great Craâ—esses or Crabbes like those of Europe it seemes there bee none in these parts The Mangue Trees are like the Swallowes or Willâ—wes of Europe there is so great quantitie of them in the armes or creeks that the Sea maketh within the Land that many leagues of the Land is of these Trees that are watered with the tides We trauelled I say leagues and whole daies in the Riuers where these Trees are and they are alwaies greene faire and pleasant and of many kinds The wood is good to burne and for to build houses it is very heauie and hard as Iron of the barke they make Inke and it serueth to tanne Leather and they are of many kindes A certaine kind of them doe cast certaine twigs from the top of their length some times as long as a Launce till they come to the water and then they cast many branches and rootes and these branches remaine fast in the earth and while they are greene these twigs are tender and because they are hollow within they make good Flutes of them In these Creekes are a certaine kinde of Gnats called Mareguis as small as Hennes Lice they bite in such sort that they leaue such a Wheale smart and itching that a man cannot helpe himselfe for euen through the clothes they pricke and it is a good penance and mortification to suffer them on a Morning or an Euening there is no other remedie to defend themselues from them but to anoint themselues with dirt or to make a great fire and smoke In these Creekes are many Crabs Oysters and Water Rats and there is one kind of these Rats a monstrous thing for all the day they sleepe and wake all night In these Creekes the Parrets breeds which are so many in number and make such a noise that it seemeth the noise of Sparrowes or Dawes On the Sands they finde great store of Parsley as good and better then that of Portugall whereof also they make Conserues Birds that doe feed and are found in the salt water THe Bird Guiratinga is white of the bignesse of the Cranes of Portugall they are extreame white and haue verie long feete the bill verie cruell and sharpe and verie faire of a verie fine yellow the legges are also verie long betweene Red and Yellow On the necke it hath the finest Plume Feathers that can bee found and they are like the Estridges Feathers of Africa Caripira by another name Forked-tayles are many they are called Forked-tayles because their taile is diuided in the middle the Indians make great account of the Feathers for the feathering of their Arrowes and say that they last long at sometimes they are verie fat the fat is good for the loosenesse These Birds doe vse to bring newes a land of the ships and they are so certaine in this that very seldome they faile for when they are seene ordinarily within twentie or thirtie daies the ships doe come Guaca is properly the Sea-mew of Portugall their ordinarie food are Cockles and because they are hard and they cannot breake them they take them in their bill and letting them fall many times they breake them and eate them of these Sea-mâ—â—â—es there are an infinite number of kinds that the Trees and the strands are full of them Guirateonteon is called in Portugall Scâ—ld-pâ—te it is called Guirâ—â—eâ—ntâ—on that is a Bird that hath deadly accidents and that dieth and liueth againe as though it had the Falling sicknesse and these fits are so great that many times the Indians doe find them along the strands and take them in their hands and thinking they are dead doe fling them away and they assoone as they fall doe rise and flie away they are white and faire and there are other kinds of these that haue the same accidents The Calcaâ—â—r are as bigge as Tuttle-doues or Pigeons the men of the Countrie say that they lay their Egges in the Sea and there they hatch and breed their young they flie not but with their wings and feet they swimme very swiftly they foreshew great calmes and showres and in calme weather they are so many along the shippes that the Mariners cannot tell what to doe they are euen the very spite it selfe and melancholy The Ayâ—yâ— are as bigge as a Pye-â—nâ—et more white thâ—n red they haue a faire colour of whiâ—â— bespotted with red the bill is long and like a Spoone For to catch the fish it hath this â—â—ght it striketh with the foot in the water and stretching out his neck carrieth for the fish and catcheth it and therefore the Indians say it hath humane knowledge The C 〈…〉 ra is small and gray it hath faire eies with a verie faire red circle it hath a strange note for the he that heareth it thinketh it is of a verie great
which ouer-top it and as it seemeth were planted by the Diuine prouidence to preserue it from Sunne and winde Out of this Valley ordinarily rise euery day great vapours and exhalations which by reason that the Sunne is hindered to worke his operation with the height of the Mountaine towards the South-east conuert themselues into moisture and so bedew all the trees of the Valley and from those which ouer-top this Tree drops downe the dew vpon his leaues and so from his leaues into a round Well of stone which the Naturals of the Land haue made to receiue the water of which the people and cattell haue great reliefe but sometimes it raineth and then the Inhabitants doe reserue water for many dayes to come in their Cisternes and Tynaxes which is that they drinke of and wherewith they principally sustaine themselues The Citie of the Grand Canaria and chiefe Port is on the West side of the Iland the head Towne and Port of Tenerifa is towards the South part and the Port and Towne of the Palma and Gomera on the East side In Gomera some three leagues Southward from the Towne is a great Riuer of water but all these Ilands are perilous to land in for the siege caused by the Ocean Sea which alwaies is forcible and requireth great circumspection whosoeuer hath not vrgent cause is either to goe to the Eastwards or to the Westwards of all these Ilands as well to auoide the calmes which hinder some times eight or ten dayes sayling as the contagion which their distemperature is wont to cause and with it to breede Calenturas which wee call burning Feuers These Ilands are said to be first discouered by a Frenchman called Iohn de Betancourt about the yeere 1405. They are now a Kingdome subiect to Spaine Being cleare of the Ilands and seeing my selfe past hope of returning backe without some extraordinarie accident I began to set order in my Companie and victuals And for that to the Southwards of the Canaries is for the most part an idle Nauigation I deuised to keepe my people occupied as well to continue them in health for that too much ease in hot Countries is neither profitable nor healthful as also to diuert them from remembrance of their home from play which breedeth many inconueniences and other bad thoughts and workes which idlenesse is cause of and so shifting my companie as the custome is into Starboord and Larboord men the halfe to watch and worke whilest the others slept and take rest I limited the three dayes of the weeke which appertained to each to be employed in this manner the one for the vse and cleansing of their Armes the other for roomaging making of Sayles Nettings Decking and defenses of our Ships and the third for cleansing their bodies mending and making their apparell and necessaries which though it came to be practised but once in seuen dayes for that the Sabboth is euer to be reserued for God alone with the ordinarie obligation which each person had besides was many times of force to be omitted and thus wee directed our course betwixt the Ilands of Cape de Verde and the Maine These Ilands are held to bee scituate in one of the most vnhealthiest Climates of the world and therefore it is wisedome to shunne the sight of them how much more to make abode in them In two times that I haue beene in them either cost vs the one halfe of our people with Feuers and Fluxes of sundrie kindes some shaking some burning some partaking of both some possest with frensie others with slouth and in one of them it cost mee sixe moneths sicknesse with no small hazard of life which I attribute to the distemperature of the aire for being within fourteene degrees of the Equinoctiall Line the Sunne hath great force all the yeere and the more for that often they passe two three and foure yeeres without raine and many times the earth burneth in that manner as a man well shod cannot indure to goe where the Sunne shineth With which extreme heate the bodie fatigated greedily desireth refreshing and longeth for the comming of the Breze which is the North-east winde that seldome fayleth in the afternoone at foure of the clocke or sooner which comming cold and fresh and finding the pores of the bodie open and for the most part naked penetrateth the very bones and so causeth sudden distemperature and sundrie manners of sicknesse as the Subiects are diuers whereupon they worke Departing out of the Calmes of the Ilands and comming into the fresh Breze it causeth the like and I haue seene within two dayes after that wee haue partaked of the fresh aire of two thousand men aboue an hundred and fiftie haue beene crazed in their health The Inhabitants of these Ilands vse a remedie for this which at my first being amongst them seemed vnto mee ridiculous but since time and experience hath taught to bee grounded vpon reason And is that vpon their heads they weare a Night-cap vpon it a Moutero and a Hat ouer that and on their bodies a sute of thicke Cloth and vpon it a Gowne furr'd or lined with Cotton or Bayes to defend them from the heate in that manner as the Inhabitants of cold Countries to guard themselues from the extremitie of the cold Which doubtlesse is the best diligence that any man can vse and whosoeuer proueth it shall finde himselfe lesse annoyed with the heate then if he were thinly cloathed for that where the cold aire commeth it pierceth not so subtilly The Moone also in this climate as in the coast of Guynne and in all hot Countries hath forcible operation in the body of man and therefore as the Plannet most preiudiciall to his health is to he shunned as also not to sleepe in the open Ayre or with any Scuttle or Window open whereby the one or the other may enter to hurt For a person of credit told me that one night in a Riuer of Guynne leauing his window open in the side of his Cabin the Moone shining vpon his shoulder left him with such an extraordinary paine and furious burning in it as in aboue twenty houres he was like to run mad but in fine with force of Medicines and cures after long torment he was eased Of these Ilands are two pyles the one of them lyeth out of the way of Trade more Westerly and so little frequented the other lyeth some fourescore leagues from the Maine and containeth sixe in number to wit Saint Iago Fuego Mayo Bonavisto Sal and Brano They are belonging to the Kingdome of Portugall and inhabited by people of that Nation and are of great trade by reason of the neighbourhood they haue with Guynne and Bynne but the principall is the buying and selling of Negros They haue store of Sugar Salt Rice Cotten-wooll and Cotton-cloth Ambergreece Cyuit Olyphants teeth Brimstone Pummy stone Spunge and some Gold but little and that from the mayne Saint Iago is the head
for a bastard-sonne of Diego de Almagro to bee reuenged of his fathers death slue Pizarro for which act he lost his head In this controuersie betweene these two partners were slaine also two brothers of Pizarro and the third was carried prisoner into Spaine and there died in Prison but the fourth called Gonsaluo Pizarro rebelled with the whole Countrie and became a cruell Tyrant vanquishing many of the Emperours Captaines in battell and possessing the Countrie in peace for two yeeres howbeit being in the end ouercome hee lost his head like a Traitour And thus died they all an euill death that were causes of the death of that innocent King Atabalipa And yet there are mutinies raised oftentimes by the Spaniards but the Indians neuer rebelled after they had once peace granted vnto them The Indian people of this Land are parted among the Spaniards some being slaues vnto the Gentlemen that conquered their Land other some to others and the residue to the King and these Indians pay each man for his tribute seuen Pezos of fine Gold which is about ten Ducats and an halfe There are in this Countrie aboue fortie Cities and Townes inhabited by the Spaniards also they haue here erected nine Bishopricks and one Archbishopricke Now after this Countrie was fully conquered and brought in good order certaine Spaniards being desirous to discouer the land on the other side of the snowie Mountaines found a very wholesome Countrie and there inhabited The said Prouince situate behinde the Mountaines is called The Prouince of Tucuman wherein are fiue townes inhabited by the Spaniards the last of them called Cordoua from which towne vnto Santa Fee situate vpon the Riuer of Plate it is seuentie leagues This towne of Santa Fee was built in that place to seeke a way to Peru by the Riuer of Plate And from hence downe the said Riuer to Buenos Ayres are 120. leagues and from Buenos Ayres vnto Seal-Island you haue 40. leagues Now hauing put down all that I know concerning the Countrie of Peru and of the way from the Riuer of Plate vnto Tucuman I will returne vnto Atacama the Southermost town vpon the coast of Peru where I left From this towne of Atacama till you come to Arica all the coast is inhabited by Indians subiect vnto the Spaniards But since Captain Drake was here they haue built Towers by the Sea side whereon seeing any saile that they doe mistrust they presently make smoakes and so from Tower to Tower they warne all the Countrey Hauing before spoken of Arica all that I can I will now proceede to the next Port called Camana being a Towne of Spaniards and containing about two hundred houses Here they make store of Wine and haue abundance of Figges and Reisins The next Towne called Acari containeth about three hundred houses and here is made the best and greatest store of Wine in all Peru. From hence passing along the coast you come to El Calao the Port of Lima consisting of about two hundred houses and here was a strong Fort built since Captaine Drake was vpon the coast The Citie of Lima standing two leagues within the land and containing two thousand houses is very rich and of more trade then all the Cities of Peru besides and this Citie is the seate of the Viceroy the Archbishop and the Inquisition Next vnto this standeth a small towne of the Spaniards by the Sea side called Santa and next vnto Santa is another small towne of Christians called Cannete From hence they saile vnto a rich Citie called Truxillo being one of the principall townes of Peru and containing about fiue hundred houses Then followeth Paita which hath to the number of two hundred houses Leauing this towne they passe to Guaiaquil which standeth fortie leagues vp into a great Bay or Riuer at the entrance of which Riuer standeth Tumbez a towne of the Indians All this coast along from Atacama to Tumbez it neuer raineth as I haue before said so that all the houses in their townes are not tyled but couered with boords to keepe off the heate of the Sunne for they feare no raine at all Guaiaquil is the first place where it raineth and here they gather Salsaperilla Here is also great store of timber and at this place they build many Ships Hence they saile along the coast to a small and poore towne called Puerto Vieio which in times past hath beene rich with Emralds but now since these stones in regard of their plenty are growne nothing worth this towne likewise is waxen very poore Below this Village standeth another called La Buena Uentura but whosoeuer goe thither must needes meete with euill fortune the place it selfe is so waterish and vnholesome Here abide not aboue twentie men who serue onely to transport goods into a Citie standing fiftie leagues within the maine in a Prouince called La gouernacion de Popaian From Buena ventura and Popaian till you come to Panama there is no other towne by reason of the high Mountaines the manifold Riuers and the vnholesomenesse of the Countrie In this place doe inhabit the Negros that run from their Masters and vpon these Mountaines was Oxenham the English Captaine and his men taken as is before mentioned Beyond these Mountains standeth the Citie of Panama being a rich place by reason that all the treasure which commeth from Peru is brought thither and it consisteth of about foure hundred houses The coast running along betweene this Citie and Nueua Espanna is called Costa rica Next vnto Costa rica which is a Mountainous and desolate place lieth the coast of Nicaragua being inhabited by the Spaniards and hauing many good ports belonging to it and is frequented with trade of Merchandize but hauing no knowledge of the situation thereof nor of the towns therein contained I surcease to speake any more of it A certaine Viceroy of Nueua Espanna called Don Luis de Velasco caused certaine Ships to be built for the discouery of the Malucos and of the coast of China which Ships in sailing thitherward from certaine Islands eightie leagues distant from the maine land which the Spaniards according to the name of their King called The Philippinas and hauing conquered one of these Ilands called Manilla inhabited with a barbarous kinde of people they built a fort and a towne thereupon from whence they haue trade with the people of China Vnto these Islands they haue foure great Ships that vsually trade two of them continually going and two comming so that such Spices and Silkes as the Portugals bring home out of the East Indies the very same doe the Spaniards bring from these Islands and from China for Mexico the chiefe Citie of Nueua Espanna The principall Port townes of the coast of Nueua Espanna are Guatulco and Acapulco All the Viceroyes and Gouernours that the King of Spaine sendeth for Peru and Nuena Espanna haue a custome for the obtaining of his
people And that toward the North-west there was a Prouince neere to certaine Mountaines that was called Coligoa The Gouernour and all the rest thought good to goe first to Coligoa saying that peraduenture the Mountaines would make some difference of soile and that beyond them there might be some Gold or Siluer As for Quigaute Casqui and Pacaha they were plaine Countries fat grounds and full of good Medowes on the Riuers where the Indians sowed large fields of Maiz. From Tascaluca to Rio grande or the great Riuer is about three hundred leagues it is a very low Countrie and hath many Lakes From Pacaâ—a to Quigaute may bee an hundred leagues The Gouernour left the Cacique of Quigaâ—te in his owne Towne And an Indian which was his Guide led him through great Woods without any way seuen dayes iournie through a Desert where at euery lodging they lodged in Lakes and Pooles in very shoald water there was such store of fish that they killed them with cudgels and the Indians which they carried in chains with the mud troubled the waters and the fish being therewith as it were astonied came to the top of the water and they tooke as much as they listed The Indians of Coligoa had no knowledge of the Christians and when they came so neere the Towne that the Indians saw them they fled vp a Riuer which passed neere the Towne and some leaped into it but the Christians went on both sides of the Riuer and tooke them There were many men and women taken and the Cacique with them And by his commandement within three dayes came many Indians with a Present of Mantles and Deeres skinnes and two Oxe hides And they reported that fiue or sixe leagues from thence toward the North there were many of these Oxen and that because the Countrie was cold it was euill inhabited That the best Countrie which they knew the most plentifull and most inhabited was a Prouince called Cayas lying toward the South From Quiguate to Coligoa may be fortie leagues It was a fat soile and so plentifull of Maiz that they cast out the old to bring in the new There was also great plentie of French Beanes and Pompions The French Beanes were greater and better then those of Spaine and likewise the Pompions and being roasted they haue almost the taste of Chestnuts The Cacique of Coligoa gaue a Guide to Cayas and stayed behind in his owne Towne We trauelled fiue dayes and came to the Prouince of Palisema The house of the Cacique was found couered with Deeres skins of diuers colours and workes drawne in them and with the same in manner of Carpets was the ground of the house couered The Cacique left it so that the Gouernour might lodge in it in token that hee sought peace and his friendship But hee durst not tarrie his comming The Gouernour seeing he had absented himselfe sent a Captaine with Horsemen and Footmen to seeke him He found much people but by reason of the roughnesse of the Country he tooke none saue a few women and children The Towne was little and scattering and had very little Maiz. For which cause the Gouernour speedily departed from thence He came to another Towne called Tatalicoyâ— he carried with him the Cacique thereof which guided him to Cayas From Tatalicoya are foure dayes iournie to Cayas When he came to Cayas and saw the Towne scattered he thought they had told him a lye and that it was not the Prouince of Cayas because they had informed him that it was well inhabited He threatned the Cacique charging him to tell him where he was and he and other Indians which were taken neere about that place affirmed that this was the Towne of Cayas and the best that was in that Country and that though the houses were distant the one from the other yet the ground that was inhabited was great and that there was great store of people and many fields of Maiz. This Towne was called Tanico he pitched his Campe in the best part of it neere vnto a Riuer The same day that the Gouernour came thither he went a league farther with certaine Horsemen and without finding any he found many skinnes in a pathway which the Cacique had left there that they might bee found in token of peace For so is the custome in that Countrey The Gouernour rested a moneth in the Prouince of Cayas In which time the horses fattened and thrined more then in other places in a longer time with the great plentie of Maiz and the leaues thereof which I thinke was the best that hath beene seene and they dranke of a Lake of very hot water and somewhat brackish and they dranke so much that it swelled in their bellies when they brought them from the watering Vntill that time the Christians wanted Salt and there they made good store which they carried along with them The Indians doe carrie it to other places to exchange it for Skins and Mantles They make it along the Riuer which when it ebbeth leaueth it vpon the vpper part of the sand And because they cannot make it without much sand mingled with it they throw it into certaine baskets which they haue for that purpose broad at the mouth and narrow at the bottome and set it in the Aire vpon a barre and throw water into it and set a small Vessell vnder it wherein it falleth Beeing strained and set to boyle vpon the fire when the water is sodden away the Salt remayneth in the bottome of the Pan. On both sides of the Riuer the Countrie was full of sowne fields and there was store of Maiz. Immediately the Gouernour with certaine Horsemen and fifty Footmen departed toward Tulla hee found the Towne abandoned for the Indians durst not tarrie his comming The Caâ—â—que came and eightie Indians with him He brought a Present of many Oxe hides which because the Countrie was cold were very profitable and serued for Couerlets because they were very soft and woolled like sheepe Not farre from thencee toward the North were many Oxen. The Christians saw them not nor came into the Countrie where they were because those parts were euill inhabited and had small store of Maâ—z where they were bred The Cacique of Tulla made an Oration to the Gouernour wherein he excused himselfe and offered him his Country subiects and person Aswell this Cacique as the others and all those which came to the Gouernour on their behalfe deliuered their message or speech in so good order that no Oratour could vtter the same more eloquently §. III. His departure to Autiamque ORTIZ his death and disasters following SOTO takes thought and dieth MOSCOSCO succeedeth They leaue Florida and arriue at Panuco THe Gouernour informed himselfe of all the Countrie round about and vnderstood that toward the West was a scattered dwelling and that toward the South-east were great Townes especially in a Prouince called Autiamque ten daies iouâ—â—ie from
fishes the Tons Dolphins and all those that carrie Lard among the birds the Hernes Duckes and all other water birds for in being an ouer-curious obseruator of these things one might fal into the danger of staruing and to die for hunger They place yet among the meats that are to be shunned Bisket Beanes and Pulse the often vsing of Milke Cheese the grosse and harsh Wine and that which is too small white Wine and the vse of Vinegar Beere which is not well sodden nor well scummed and that hath not Hoppes enough Also waters that runne thorow rotten wood and those of Lakes and Bogges still and corrupted waters such as is much in Holland and Frizeland where is obserued that they of Amsterdam are more subiect to Palsies and stifning of sinews then they of Roterdam for the abouesaid cause of still and sleepy waters which besides doe ingender Dropsies Dysenteries Fluxes quartaine Agues and burning Feuers swellings vlcers of the Lights shortnesse of breath ruptures of children swelling in the veines sores in the legges finally they wholly belong to the disease whereof we speake being drawne by the Spleene where they leaue all their corruption Sometimes this sicknesse doth also come by a vice which is euen in waters of running Fountaines as if they be among or neere Bogges or if they issue from a muddy ground or from a place that hath not the Sunnes aspect So Plinie reciteth that in the Voyage which the Prince Caesar Germanicus made into Germanie hauing giuen order to his Armie to passe the Riuer of Rhine to the end to get still forward in the Countrie he did set his campe on the Sea shoare vpon the coast of Frizeland in a place where was but one onely Fountaine of fresh water to bee found which notwithstanding was so pernicious that all they that dranke of it lost their teeth in lesse than two yeeres space and had their knees so weake and disioynted that they could not beare themselues Which is verily the sicknesse whereof wee speake which the Physicians doe call Stomaccacè that is to say Mouthes sore and Scelotyrbè which is as much to say as the shaking of thighs and legges And it was not possible to finde any remedie but by the meanes of an herbe called Britannica or Scuruy grasse which besides is very good for the sinewes against the sores and accidents in the mouth against the Squinancie and against the biting of Serpents It hath long leaues drawing in colour a darke greene and produceth a blacke roote from which liquor is drawne as well as from the leafe Strabo sayth that the like case happened to the Armie that Aelius Gallus brought into Arabia by the commission of Augustus the Emperour And the lâ—ke also chanced to King Saint Lewes his Armie in Egypt as the Lord de Ioâ—nuille reporteth Other effects of bad waters are seene neere vnto vs to wit in Sauoy where the women more than men because they are of a colder constitution haue commonly swellings in their throats as bigge as Bottles Next to waters the aire is also one of the Fathers and Ingenderers of this sicknesse in boggy and watrish places and opposite to the South which is most often rainy But there is yet in New France another bad qualitie of the aire by reason of Lakes that be thicke there and of the great rottennesse in the Woods whose odour the bodies hauing drawne vp during the raines of Autumne and Winter easily are ingendred the corruptions of the mouth and swelling in the legges before spoken and a cold entreth vnsensibly into it which benummeth the limbes stifneth the sinewes constraineth to creepe with crutches and in the end to keepe the bed And for as much as the windes doe participate with the aire yea are an aire running with a more vehement force than ordinary and in this qualitie haue great power ouer the health and sicknesses of men This noisome qualitie of winde proceedeth in my iudgement from the nature of the Countrie thorow which it passeth which as wee haue said is full of Lakes and those very great which bee as it were standing and still waters Whereto I adde the exhalation of the rottennesse of woods that this winde bringeth and that in so much greater quantitie as the North-west part is great large and spacious The seasons are also to be marked in this disease which I haue not seene nor heard of that it begins to worke neither in the Spring time Summer nor Autumne vnlesse it be at the end of it but it Winter And the cause thereof is that as the growing heate of the Spring maketh the humours closed vp in the Winter to disperse themselues to the extremities of the body and so cleareth it from melancholy and from the noisome humors that haue beene gathered in Winter so the Autumne as the Winter approacheth draweth them inward and doth nourish this melancholy and blacke humour which doth abound specially in this season and the Winter being come sheweth forth his effects at the costs and griefe of the poore patients I would adde willingly to all the aforesaid causes the bad food of the Sea which in a long Voiage brings much corruption in mans body This sicknesse proceeding from an indigestion of rude grosse cold and melancholy meates which offend the stomacke I thinke it good submitting my selfe to better iudgement and aduice to accompany them with good sawces be it of Butter Oyle or Fat all well spiced to correct as well the qualitie of the meate as of the bodie inwardly waxen cold Let this be said for rude and grosse meates as Beanes Pease and fish for he that shall eate good Capons good Partridges good Ducks and good Rabets may be assured of his health or else his body is of a bad constitution We haue had some sick that haue as it were raised vp â—rom death to life for hauing eaten twice or thrice of a coolice made of a Cocke good Wine taken according to the necessitie of nature is a soueraigne preseruatiue for all sicknesses and particularly for this The young buds of herbs in the Spring time be also very soueraigne And as for that which concerneth the exteriour parts of the body we haue found great good in wearing woodden Pantaphles or Patins with our shooes for to auoide the moistnesse The houses neede no opening nor windowes on the North-west side being a winde very dangerous but rather on the East side or the South It is very good to haue good bedding and it was good for mee to haue carried things necessary co this purpose and aboue all to keepe himselfe neate I would like well the vse of Stoues such as they haue in Germanie by meanes whereof they feele no Winter being at home but as much as they please Yea they haue of them in many places in their Gardens which doe so temper the coldnesse of Winter that in this rough and sharpe
great numbers that they make Scutes Carts and other grosse workes thereof and is the commonest wood that they vse to burne in those Countries whereby it is the wood that with them is least esteemed by reason of the great quantity thereof There is another kinde of wood called Sanguinho and is very faire of a red colour and another sort that they call white Wood being of it selfe as white as Chalke other that is perfect yellow and all naturall without any dying and therefore there are diuers good workemen in Tercera that are skilfull in Ioyners Occupation and make many fine pieces of worke as Deskes Cupboords Chists and other such like things whereof many are carried into Portugall and much esteemed there as well for the beauty of the wood as for the workmanship And specially the Spanish Fleet which ordinarily refresh themselues in that Iland doe carrie much of it from thence for it is the best and finest that is made in all Spaine and Portugall although it bee not comparable to the Deskes and fine workmanship of Nurembergh and those Countreves but for Wood it excelleth all other Countreyes for that they haue in the Spanish Fleete besides their owne kindes of woods at the least a thousand sorts of wood of all colours that man can imagine or deuise and so faire that more fairer can not bee painted There is a certaine kinde of wood in the Iland Pico situate and lying twelue miles from Tercera called Teixo a most excellent and princely wood and therefore it is forbidden to bee cut but onely for the Kings owne vse or for his Officers The wood is as hard as Iron and hath a colour within as if it were wrought like red Chamlet with the same water and the older it is and the more vsed the fairer it is of colour so that it is worthie to bee esteemed as in truth it is All those Ilands are inhabited by Portugals but since the troubles in Portugall there haue beene diuers Spanish Souldiers sent thither and a Spanish Gouernour that keepe all the Forts and Castles in their possessions although the Portugals are put to no charges nor yet hardly vsed by them but are rather kept short so that not one Souldier dareth goe out of the Towne with out licence and therefore men may quietly trauell throughout the Iland both day and night without any trouble Likewise they will not suffer any stranger to trauell to see the Countrey and this order was not brought vp by the Spaniards but by the Portugals themselues before their troubles for they would neuer permit it and which is more all strangers that came thither were vsually appointed a certaine streete wherein they should sell their wares and might not goe out of that streete Now it is not so straightly looked vnto but they may goe in all places of the Towne and within the Iland but not about it to view the Coast which notwithstanding was granted vnto vs by the Gouernour himselfe who lent vs his Horses to ride about and gaue vs leaue to see all the Forts which at this time is not permitted to the naturall borne Ilanders neither are they so much credited Wee rode twice about the Iland which hee granted vs leaue to doe by meanes of certaine particular friendship wee had with him neither could the Portugals hinder vs therein because wee were in the Kings seruice as Factors for the Kings Pepper and for that they accounted vs as naturall borne Portugals for the Gouernour would willingly haue had mee to haue drawne a plot of the whole Iland that hee might haue sent it to the King wherein I excused my selfe yet I made him the Towne with the Hauen comming in and Forts of Angra which hee sent vnto the King the like whereof you may in this Booke behold for the which the Gouernour was greatly affected vnto mee and shewed mee much friendship Wee had in our Lodging a French Merchant and a Scot that willingly would haue gone with vs to see the Iland but could not be suffered for the Portugals thinke that they would take the proportion thereof and so seeke to defeate them of their right But returning to our matter the Ilands are very good and holesome ayre and the diseases that are most common in those Countries though not very plentifull but onely here and there one are one sicknesse called O Ar that is a kinde of bad ayre that taketh them and maketh them altogether lame or halfe lame of their limmes or of some one limme and another sicknesse that is called O Sange that is a certaine bloud that hastely commeth vpon a man as a swelling in the eyes or other places of the face or of the body and is as red as bloud for as they say it is nothing else but meere bloud these are two diseases like the plague and are commonnest sicknesses in those Countries which grow by reason of the great windinesse of the Ilands that are subiect to all stormes and foule weathers and are vnreasonable morst which is one of the principall causes of these diseases for the windes are there so strong and dangerous that they consume both the Iron and the Steele of their houses and bring them into powder for I haue seene Iron grates in the Kings Custome house as thicke as a mans arme and the windowes of hard free stone which were so consumed by the winde that the Iron in some places was become as thin as a straw and the stone in like sort and therefore in those Countries they vse to make their Roofes and Painthouâ—es of stones which they digge in the water out of sands vpon the Sea coast of those Ilands whereon the winde hath not so great a power to consume it and yet that Customehouse had not beene made aboue six or seuen yeares before at the most In this Iland besides the two Townes there are diuers great Villages as Saint Sebastians Saint Barboran Altares Gualua Villa noua with many other Parishes and Hamlets so that for the most part it is built and inhabited sauing onely the places that are wilde and full of Woods which can hardly be trauelled much lesse inhabited Their most traffique is as I said before the wood that groweth in those Countries I meane for such as deale in Merchandise and the workemen that make it but the rest waite for the fleetes that come and goe to and from the Spanish and Portugall Indies from Brasilia Cabo Verde and Guinea all which Countries doe commonly come vnto Tercera to refresh themselues as lying very fitly for that purpose so that all the inhabitants doe thereby richly maintaine themselues and sell all their wares as well handy workes as victuals vnto those Ships and all the Ilands round about doe as then come vnto Tercera with their wares to sell it there For the which cause the Englishmen and other strangers keepe continually about those Ilands being assured that all Ships for
with Wood. To prepare the ground they bruise the barke of the trees neere the roote then doe they scorch the roots with fire that they grow no more The next yeere with a crooked piece of Wood they beat vp the Woods by the roots and in those moulds they plant their Corne. Their manner is this They make a hole in the earth with a sticke and into it they put foure graines of Wheat and two of Beanes These holes they make foure foot one from another Their women and children do continually keepe it with weeding and when it is growne middle high they hill it about like a Hop-yard In April they begin to plant but their chiefe plantation is in May and so they continue till the midst of Iune What they plant in April they reape in August for May in September for Iune in October Euery stalke of their Corne commonly beareth two eares some three seldome any foure many but one and some none Euery eare ordinarily hath betwixt two hundred and fiue hundred graines The stalke being greene hath a sweet iuyce in it somewhat like a Sugar Cane which is the cause that when they gather their Corne greene they sucke the stalkes for as we gather greene Pease so doe they their Corne being greene which excelleth their old They plant also Pease which they call Ass 〈…〉 which are the same they call in Italy Fagioli Their Beanes are the same the Turkes call Gar 〈…〉 s but these they much esteeme for dainties Their Corne they rost in the eare grâ—ene and bruised it in a Morter of Wood with a Polt lap it in roules in the leaues of their Corne and so boile it for a daintie They also reserue the Corne late planted that will not ripe by roasting it in hot ashes the heat thereof drying it In Winter they esteeme it being boiled with Beanes for a rare dish they call Paus 〈…〉 Their old Wheat they first steepe a night in hot water in the morning pounding it in a Morter They vse a small basket for their Temmes then pound againe the great and so separating by dashing their hand in the basket receiue the flower in a platter made of Wood scraped to that forme with burning and shels Tempering this flower in water they make it either in cakes couering with ashes till they be baked and then washing them in faire water they drie presently with their owne heat or else boile them in water eating the broth with the bread which they call Poâ—ap The grouts and pieces of the cornes remaining by fanning in a platter or in the wind away the branne they boile three or foure houres with water which is an ordinary food they call Vstatahamâ—n But some more thriftie then cleanly doe burne the coare of the eare to powder which they call Pungnough mingling that in their meale but it neuer tasted well in bread nor broth There fish and flesh they boile either very tenderly or broâ—le it so long on hurdles ouer the fire or else after the Spanish fashion putting it on a spit they turne first the one side then the other till it bee as drie as their Ierkin beefe in the West Indies that they may keepe it a month or more without putrifying The broth of fish or flesh they eate as commonly as the meat In May also amongst their Corne they plant Pumpeons and a fruit like vnto a Muake Millen but lesse and worse which they call Macocks These increase exceedingly and ripen in the beginning of Iuly and continue vntill September They plant also Maracocks a wilde fruit like a Lemmon which also increase infinitely They begin to ripe in September and continue till the end of October When all their fruits be gathered little else they plant and this is done by their women and children neither doth this long suffice them for neere three parts of the yeere they onely obserue times and seasons and liue of what the Countrey naturally affordeth from hand to mouth c. The mildnesse of the aire the fertilitie of the soile and the situation of the Riuers are so propitious to the nature and vse of man as no place is more conuenient for pleasure profit and mans sustenance Vnder that Latitude or Climate here will liue any beasts as Horses Goats Sheepe Asses Hens c. as appeared by them that were carried thither The waters Iles and shoales are full of safe harbours for ships of Warre or Merchandize for boats of all sorts for transportation or fishing c. The Bay and Riuers haue much merchandable fish and places fit for Salt coats building of Ships making of Iron c. Muscouia and Polonia doe yeerely receiue many thousands for Pitch Tarre Sope ashes Rosen Flax Cordage Sturgeon Masts Yards Wainscot Firres Glasse and such like also Swethland for Iron and Copper France in like manner for Wine Canvas and Salt Spaine as much for Iron Steele Figs Reasons and Sackes Italy with Silkes and Veluets consume our chiefe commodities Holland maintaines it selfe by Fishing and Trading at our owne doores All these temporize with other for necessities but all as vncertaine as Peace or Warres Besides the charge trauell and danger in transporting them by seas lands stormes and Pyrats Then how much hath Virginia the prerogatiue of all those flourishing Kingdomes for the benefit of our Land when as within one hundred miles all those that are to bee had either readie prouided by nature or else to be prepared were there but industrious men to labour Onely Copper we may doubt is wanting but there is good probabilitie that both Copper and better munerals are there to bee had for their labour Other Countries haue it So then here is a place a nurse for Souldiers a practise for Mariners a trade for the Merchants a reward for the good and that which is most of all a businesse most acceptable to God to bring such poore Infidels to the true knowledge of God and his holy Gospel Of the naturall Inhabitants of Virginia and their customes The land is not populous for the men be few their farre greater number is of women and children Within sixtie miles of Iames Towne there are about some 7000. people but of able men fit for their warres scarse 2000. To nourish so many together they haue yet no meanes because they make so small a benefit of their Land be it neuer so fertill seuen or eight hundred â—hough by their owne report they were aboue a thousand haue beene the most which hath beene seene together when they gathered themselues to haue surprised Captaine Smith at Pamavâ—ke hauing but fifteene to withstand the worst of their furie As small as the proportion of ground that hath yet beene discouered is in comparison of that yet vnknowne the people differ very much in stature especially in language as before is expressed Some being very great as the Sesquesahamocks others very little as the Wighcocomococs but generally tall
pretended out of their commisserations to referre him to the Councell in England to receiue a check rather then by particulating his designes make him so odious to the world as to touch his life or vtterly ouerthrow his reputation but he much scorned their charitie and publikely defied the vttermost of their crueltie hee wisely preuented their policies though hee could not suppresse their enuies yet so well hee demeaned himselfe in this businesse as all the Company did see his innocencie and his aduersaries malice and those which had beene subborned to accuse him accused his accusers of subornation many vntruths were alledged against him but being so apparantly disproued begat a generall hatred in the hearts of the Company against such vniust Commanders many were the mischiefes that daily sprung from their ignorant yet ambitious spirits but the good doctrine and exhortation of our Preacher Master Hunt reconciled them and caused Captaine Smith to be admitted of the Councell the next day all receiued the Communion the day following the Sauages voluntarily desired peace and Captaine Newport returned for England with newes leauing in Virginia one hundred the fifteenth of Iune 1607. The names of them that were the first planters were these following Master Edward-Maria Wingfield Captaine Bartholomew Gosnoll Capt. Iohn Smith Capt. Iohn Ratcliffe Cap. Iohn Martin Capt. George Kendall Councellors M. George Piercy M. Robert Hunt Preacher Anthony Gosnoll Capt. Gabrill Archer Rob. Ford William Brustar Dru Pickhouse Iohn Brookes Thomas Sands Iohn Robinson Vstis Clonill Kellam Throgmorton Nathaniell Powell Robert Behethland Ieremy Alicock Thomas Studley Richard Crofts Nicholas Houlgraue Thomas Webbe Iohn Waler William Tankard Francis Snarsbrough Edward Brookes Richard Dixon Iohn Martin George Martin Anthony Gosnold Thomas Wotton Seirg Thomas Gore Francis Midwinter Gentlemen William Laxon Edward Pising Tho. Emry Rob. Small Carpenters Anas Todkill Iohn Capper Iames Read Blacksmith Ionas Profit Sailer Tho. Couper Barber Iohn Herd Brick-layer William Garret Brick-layer Edward Brinto Mason William Loue Taylor Nic. Skot Drum Iohn Laydon William Cassen George Cassen Tho. Cassen William Rods William White Ould Edward Henry Tauin George Golding Iohn Dods Will. Iohnson Will. Vnger Labourers Will. Wilkinson Surgeon Samuell Collier Nat. Pecock Iames Brumfield Rich. Mutton with diuers others to the number of one hundred and fiue BEing thus left to our fortunes it fortuned that within ten dayes scarce ten amongst vs could either goe or well stand such extreame weaknesse and sicknesse oppressed vs. And thereat none need maruell if they consider the cause and reason which was this whilest the ships stayed our allowance was somewhat bettered by a daily proportion of bisket which the Saylers would pilfer to sell giue or exchange with vs for money saxefras furres or loue But when they departed there remained neither Tauerne Beere-house nor place of reliefe but the common kettell Had we beene as free from all sinnes as gluttony and drunkennesse we might haue beene canonized for Saints But our President would neuer haue beene admitted for ingrossing to his priuate Otemeale Sack Oile Aquavitae Beefe Egges or what not but the kettel that indeed he allowed equally to be distributed and that was halfe a pinte of Wheat and as much Barly boiled with water for a man a day and this hauing fryed some six and twentie weekes in the ships hold contained as many wormes as graines so that wee might truely call it rather so much Bran then Corne our drinke was water our lodgings castles in aire with this lodging and diet our extreame toile in bearing and planting Pallisadoes so strained and bruised vs and our continuall labour in the extreamitie of heat had so weakned vs as were cause sufficient to haue made vs as miserable in our natiue Countrey or any other place in the world From May to September those that escaped liued vpon Sturgion and Sea-Crabs fiftie in this time we buried The rest seeing the Presidents proiects to escape these miseries in our Pinnace by flight who all this time had neither felt want nor sicknesse so moued our dead spirits as wee deposed him and established Ratcliffe in his place Gosnoll being dead Kendall deposed Smith newly recouered Martin and Ratliffe was by his care preserued and relieued but now was all our prouision spent the Sturgeon gone all helpes abandoned each houre expecting the fury of the Sauages when God the Patron of all good indeauours in that desperat extreamitie so changed the hearts of the Sauages that they brought such plentie of their fruits and prouision as no man wanted The new President and Martin being little beloued of weake iudgement in dangers and lesse industry in peace committed the managing of all things abroad to Captaine Smith who by his owne example good words and faire promises set some to mow others to binde thatch some to build houses others to thatch them himselfe alwaies bearing the greatest taske for his owne share so that in short time he prouided most of them lodgings neglecting any for himselfe This done seeing the Sauages superfluitie begin to decrease with some of his workmen hee shipped himselfe in the shallop to search the Countrey for trade the want of the language knowledge to mannage his Boat without Sailers the want of sufficient power knowing the multitude of the Sauages apparell for his men and other necessaries were infinite impediments yet no discouragement Being but sixe or seuen in company hee went downe the Riuer to Kecoughtan where at first they scorned him as a starued man and would in derision offer him a handfull of Corne or a piece of Bread for their Swords and Muskets and such like proportions also for their apparell But seeing by trade there was nothing to be had necessitie forced him to exceed his Commission and to vse his Muskets to another kind of trading which made these deriders flye to the Woods Hee hasted to their houses and found store of Corne from which the hungry Souldiers were hardly detained in bastier spoile to haue betrayed themselues to the returning Sauages assault This sixtie or seuenty did presently with hideous noise to the eare and manifold colours painted to the eye singing and dancing with their Okee which was an Idol made with skins stuffed with mosse all painted and hanged with Chaines and Copper borne before them and being well armed with Clubs Targets Bowes and Arrowes they charged the English who so kindly receiued them with their Muskets loaden with Pistoll shot that downe fell their God and diuers of his worshippers lay sprauling on the ground the rest flying to the Woods Soone after they sent one of their Quiyoughcasucks to offer peace and redeeme their Okee Smith agreed that if onely sixe would come vnarmed and load his Boat with Corne hee would be their friend restore their Okee and giue them also Beads Copper Hatchets which on beth sides was performed to mutuall content and they brought him singing and dansing Venison Turkeys wild Fowle Bread
that there had bin a generall determination to haue shut vp hatches and commending our sinfull soules to God committed the Shippe to the mercy of the Sea surely that night we must haue done it and that night had we then perished but see the goodnesse and sweet introduction of better hope by our mercifull God giuen vnto vs. Sir George Summers when no man dreamed of such happinesse had discouered and cried Land Indeede the morning now three quarters spent had wonne a little cleerenesse from the dayes before and it being better surueyed the very trees were seene to moue with the winde vpon the shoare side whereupon our Gouernour commanded the Helme-man to beare vp the Boateswaine sounding at the first found it thirteene fathome when we stood a little in seuen fatham and presently heauing his lead the third time had ground at foure fathome and by this we had got her within a mile vnder the South-east point of the land where we had somewhat smooth water But hauing no hope to saue her by comming to an anker in the same we were inforced to runne her ashoare as neere the land as we could which brought vs within three quarters of a mile of shoare and by the mercy of God vnto vs making out our Boates we had ere night brought all our men women and children about the number of one hundred and fifty safe into the Iland We found it to be the dangerous and dreaded Iland or rather Ilands of the Bermuda whereof let mee giue your Ladyship a briefe description before I proceed to my narration And that the rather because they be so terrible to all that euer touched on them and such tempests thunders and other fearefull obiects are seene and heard about them that they be called commonly The Deuils Ilands and are feared and auoyded of all sea trauellers aliue aboue any other place in the world Yet it pleased our mercifull God to make euen this hideous and hated place both the place of our safetie and meanes of our deliuerance And hereby also I hope to deliuer the world from a foule and generall errour it being counted of most that they can be no habitation for Men but rather giuen ouer to Deuils and wicked Spirits whereas indeed wee find them now by experience to bee as habitable and commodious as most Countries of the same climate and situation insomuch as if the entrance into them were as easie as the place it selfe is contenting it had long ere this beene inhabited as well as other Ilands Thus shall we make it appeare That Truth is the daughter of Time and that men ought not to deny euery thing which is not subiect to their owne sense The Bermudas bee broken Ilands fiue hundred of them in manner of an Archipelagus at least if you may call them all Ilands that lie how little soeuer into the Sea and by themselues of small compasse some larger yet then other as time and the Sea hath wonne from them and eaten his passage through and all now lying in the figure of a Croissant within the circuit of sixe or seuen leagues at the most albeit at first it is said of them that they were thirteene or fourteene leagues and more in longitude as I haue heard For no greater distance is it from the Northwest Point to Gates his Bay as by this Map your Ladyship may see in which Sir George Summers who coasted in his Boat about them all tooke great care to expresse the same exactly and full and made his draught perfect for all good occasions and the benefit of such who either in distresse might be brought vpon them or make saile this way It should seeme by the testimony of Gonzalus Ferdinandus Ouiedus in his Booke intituled The Summary or Abridgement of his generall History of the West Indies written to the Emperor Charles the Fift that they haue beene indeed of greater compasse and I easily beleeue it then they are now who thus saith In the yeere 1515. when I came first to informe your Maiesty of the state of the things in India and was the yeere following in Flanders in the time of your most fortunate successe in these your kingdomes of Aragony and Casteel whereas at that voyage I sayled aboue the Iland Bermudas otherwise called Gorza being the farthest of all the Ilands that are yet found at this day in the world and arriuing there at the depth of eight yards of water and distant from the Land as farre as the shot of a Peece of Ordnance I determined to send some of the ship to Land as well to make search of such things as were there as also to leaue in the Iland certaine Hogges for increase but the time not seruing my purpose by reason of contrary winde I could bring my Ships no neerer the Iland being twelue leagues in length and sixteene in breadth and about thirtie in circuit lying in the thirtie three degrees of the North side Thus farre hee True it is the maine Iland or greatest of them now may bee some sixteene miles in length East North-east and West South-west the longest part of it standing in thirtie two degrees and twentie minutes in which is a great Bay on the North side in the North-west end and many broken Ilands in that Sound or Bay and a little round Iland at the South-west end As occasions were offered so we gaue titles and names to certaine places These Ilands are often afflicted and rent with tempests great strokes of thunder lightning and raine in the extreamity of violence which and it may well bee hath so sundred and torne downe the Rockes and whurried whole quarters of Ilands into the maine Sea some sixe some seuen leagues and is like in time to swallow them all so as euen in that distance from the shoare there is no small danger of them and with them of the stormes continually raging from them which once in the full and change commonly of euery Moone Winter or Summer keepe their vnchangeable round and rather thunder then blow from euery corner about them sometimes fortie eight houres together especially if the circle which the Philosophers call Halo were in our being there seene about the Moone at any season which bow indeed appeared there often and would bee of a mightie compasse and breadth I haue not obserued it any where one quarter so great especially about the twentieth of March I saw the greatest when followed vpon the eues eue of the Annuntiation of our Ladie the mightiest blast of lightning and most terrible rap of thunder that euer astonied mortall men I thinke In August September and vntill the end of October wee had very hot and pleasant weather onely as I say thunder lightning and many scattering showers of Raine which would passe swiftly ouer and yet fall with such force and darknesse for the time as if it would neuer bee cleere againe wee wanted not any and of raine more in
stored with abundance and plentie in England continuall wasting no Husbandry the old store still spent on no order for new prouisions what better could befall vnto the Inhabitants Land-lords and Tenants of that corner then necessarily following cleannesse of teeth famine and death Is it not the sentence and doome of the Wiseman Yet a little sleepe a little slumber and a little folding of the hands to sleepe so thy pouerty commeth as one that trauelleth by the way and thy necessitie like an armed man And with this Idlenesse when some thing was in store all wastfull courses exercised to the heigth and the headlesse multitude some neither of qualitie nor Religion not imployed to the end for which they were sent hither no not compelled since in themselues vnwilling to sowe Corne for their owne bellies nor to put a Roote Herbe c. for their owne particular good in their Gardens or elsewhere I say in this neglect and sensuall Surfet all things suffered to runne on to lie sicke and languish must it be expected that health plentie and all the goodnesse of a well ordered State of necessitie for all this to flow in this Countrey You haue a right and noble heart worthy Lady bee iudge of the truth herein Then suffer it not bee concluded vnto you nor beleeue I beseech you that the wants and wretchednesse which they haue indured ascend out of the pouertie and vilenesse of the Countrey whether bee respected the Land or Riuers the one and the other hauing not only promised but powred enough in their veines to conuince them in such calumnies and to quit those common calamities which as the shadow accompanies the body the precedent neglects touched at if truely followed and wrought vpon What England may boast of hauing the faire hand of husbandry to manure and dresse it God and Nature haue fauourably bestowed vpon this Country and as it hath giuen vnto it both by situation height and soyle all those past hopes assurances which follow our well planted natiue Countrie and others lying vnder the same influence if as ours the Countrey and soyle might be improued and drawne forth so hath it indowed it as is most certaine with many more which England fetcheth farre vnto her from elsewhere For first wee haue experience and euen our eyes witnesse how yong so euer wee are to the Countrie that no Countrey yeeldeth goodlier Corne nor more manifold increase large Fields wee haue as prospects of the same and not farre from our Pallisado Besides wee haue thousands of goodly Vines in euery hedge and Boske running along the ground which yeelde a plentifull Grape in their kinde Let mee appeale then to knowledge if these naturall Vines were planted dressed and ordered by skilfull Vinearoones whether wee might not make a perfect Grape and fruitefull vintage in short time And we haue made triall of our owne English seedes kitchen 〈◊〉 and Rootes and finde them to prosper as speedily as in England Onely let me truely acknowledge they are not an hundreâ— or two of deboist hands dropt forth by yeare after yeare with penury and leisure ill prouâ—ed for before they come and worse to be gouerned when they are here men of such distempeâ—â—d bodies and infected mindes whom no examples daily before their eyes either of goodnesse 〈◊〉 punishment can deterre from their habituall impieties or terrifie from a shamefull death â—hat must be the Carpenters and workemen in this so glorious a building Then let no rumour of the pouerty of the Couâ—â—ry as if in the wombe thereof there lay not those elementall seedes which could produce 〈◊〉 many faire births of plenty and increase and better hopes then any land vnder the heaueâ— to which the Sunne is no neerer a neighbour I say let no imposture rumour nor any fame of â—ome one or a few more changeable actions interposing by the way or at home waue any â—â—ns faire purposes hitherward or wrest them to a declining and falling off from the businesse I will acknowledge deere Lady I haue seene much propensnesse already towards the vnity and generall endeauours how câ—â—tentedly doe such as labour with vs goe forth when men of ranke and quality assist anâ—â—et on their labours I haue seene it and I protest it I haue heard the inferiour people with alacrity of spirit professe that they should neuer refuse to doe their best in the prâ—â—tise of their sciences and knowledges when such worthy and Noble Gentlemen goe â—n and out before them and not onely so but as the occasion shall be offered no â—â—â—e helpe them with their hand then defend them with their Sword And it is to be vnderstood that such as labour are not yet so taxed but that easily they performe the same and e 〈…〉 by tenne of the clocke haue done their Mornings worke at what time they haue theâ— allowances set out ready for them and vntill it be three of the clocke againe they take their owne pleasure and afterwards with the Sunne set their dayes labour is finished In all which courses if the businesse be continued I doubt nothing with Gods fauour towards vs but to see it in time a Countrie an Hauen and a Staple fitted for such a trade as shall aduance assureder increase both to the Aduenturers and free Burgers thereof then any Trade in Christendome or then that euen in her earely dayes when Michael Cauacco the Greeke did first discouer it to our English Factor in Poland which extenus it selfe now from Calpe and Abila to the bottome of Sidon and so wide as Alexandria and all the Ports and Hauens North and South through the Arches to Cio Smyrna Troy the Hellespont and vp to Pompeys Pillar which as a Pharos or watch Tower stands vpon the wondrous opening into the Euxine Sea From the three and twentieth of May vnto the seuenth of Iune our Gouernour attempted and made triall of all the wayes that both his owne iudgement could prompe him in and the aduise of Captaine George Percy and those Gentlemen whom hee found of the Counsell when hee came in as of others whom hee caused to deliuer their knowledges concerning the State and Condition of the Countrey but after much debating it could not appeare how possibly they might preserue themselues reseruing that little which wee brought from the Bermudas in our Shippes and was vpon all occasions to stand good by vs tenne dayes from staruing For besides that the Indians were of themselues poore they were forbidden likewise by their subtile King Powhatan at all to trade with vs and not onely so but to indanger and assault any Boate vpon the Riuer or stragler out of the Fort by Land by which not long before our arriuall our people had a large Boate cut off and diuers of our men killed euen within command of our Blocke-house as likewise they shot two of our people to death after we had bin foure and fiue dayes come in and yet would
waited on to his house in the same manner And thus inclosed as I said round with a Pallizado of Planckes and strong Posts foure foote deepe in the ground of yong Oakes Walnuts c. The Fort is called in honour of his Maiesties name Iames Towne the principall Gate from the Towne through the Pallizado opens to the Riuer as at each Bulwarke there is a Gate likewise to goe forth and at euery Gate a Demi-Culuerin and so in the Market Place The houses first raised were all burnt by a casualty of fire the beginning of the second yeare of their seate and in the second Voyage of Captain Newport which since haue bin better rebuilded though as yet in no great vniformity either for the fashion or beauty of the streete A delicate wrought fine kinde of Mat the Indians make with which as they can be trucked for or snatched vp our people do dresse their chambers and inward roomes which make their houses so much the more handsome The houses haue wide and large Country Chimnies in the which is to be supposed in such plenty of wood what fires are maintained and they haue found the way to couer their houses now as the Indians with barkes of Trees as durable and as good proofe against stormes and winter weather as the best Tyle defending likewise the piercing Sunbeames of Summer and keeping the inner lodgings coole enough which before in sultry weather would be like Stoues whilest they were as at first pargetted and plaistered with Bitumen or tough Clay and thus armed for the iniury of changing times and seasons of the yeare we hold our selues well apaid though wanting Arras Hangings Tapistry and guilded Venetian Cordouan or more spruse houshold garniture and wanton City ornaments remembring the old Epigraph We dwell not here to build vs Bowers And Hals for pleasure and good cheere But Hals we build for vs and ours To dwell in them whilst we liue here True it is I may not excuse this our Fort or Iames Towne as yet seated in somewhat an vnwholesome and sickly ayre by reason it is in a marish ground low flat to the Riuer and hath no fresh water Springs seruing the Towne but what wee drew from a Well sixe or seuen fathom deepe fed by the brackish Riuer owzing into it from whence I verily beleeue the chiefe causes haue proceeded of many diseases and sicknesses which haue happened to our people who are indeede strangely afflicted with Fluxes and Agues and euery particular season by the relation of the old inhabitants hath his particular infirmity too all which if it had bin our fortunes to haue seated vpon some hill accommodated with fresh Springs and cleere ayre as doe the Natiues of the Country we might haue I beleeue well escaped and some experience we haue to perswade our selues that it may be so for of foure hundred and odde men which were seated at the Fals the last yeere when the Fleete came in with fresh and yong able spirits vnder the gouernment of Captain Francis West and of one hundred to the Seawards on the South side of our Riuer in the Country of the Nansamundes vnder the charge of Captaine Iohn Martin there did not so much as one man miscarry and but very few or none fall sicke whereas at Iames Towne the same time and the same moneths one hundred sickned halfe the number died howbeit as we condemne not Kent in England for a small Towne called Plumsted continually assaulting the dwellers there especially new commers with Agues and Feuers no more let vs lay scandall and imputation vpon the Country of Virginia because the little Quarter wherein we are set dowee vnaduisedly so chosed appeares to be vnwholesome and subiect to many ill ayres which accompany the like marish places §. IIII. The Lord La WARRES beginnings and proceedings in Iames Towne Sir THOMAS GATES sent into England his and the Companies testimony of Virginia and cause of the late miseries VPon his Lordships landing at the South gate of the Pallizado which lookes into the Riuer our Gouernour caused his Company in armes to stand in order and make a Guard It pleased him that I should beare his Colours for that time his Lordship landing fell vpon his knees and before vs all made a long and silent Prayer to himselfe and after marched vp into the Towne where at the Gate I bowed with the Colours and let them fall at his Lordships feete who passed on into the Chappell where he heard a Sermon by Master Bucke our Gouernours Preacher and after that caused a Gentleman one of his owne followers Master Anthony Scot his Ancient to reade his Commission which intituled him Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall during his life of the Colony and Plantation in Uirginia Sir Thomas Gates our Gouernour hitherto being now stiled therein Lieutenant Generall After the reading of his Lordships Commission Sir Thomas Gates rendred vp vnto his Lordship his owne Commission both Patents and the Counsell Seale after which the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall deliuered some few words vnto the Company laying many blames vpon them for many vanities and their Idlenesse earnestly wishing that he might no more finde it so least he should be compelled to draw the sword of Iustice to cut off such delinquents which he had much rather he protested draw in their defence to protect them from iniuries hartening them with the knowledge of what store of prouisions he had brought for them viz. sufficient to serue foure hundred men for one whole yeare The twelfth of Iune being Tuesday the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall did constitute and giue places of Office and charge to diuers Captaines and Gentlemen and elected vnto him a Counsell vnto whom he did administer an Oath mixed with the oath of Allegiance and Supremacy to his Maiestie which oath likewise he caused to be administred the next day after to euery particular member of the Colony of Faith Assistance and Secrecy The Counsaile which he elected were Sir Thomas Gates Kinght Lieutenant Generall Sir George Summers Knight Admirall Captaine George Percy Eâ—quire and in the Fort Captaine of fifty Sir Ferdinando Weinman Knight Master of the Ordnance Captaine Christopher Newport Vice-admirall William Strachei Esquire Secretary and Recorder As likewise the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall nominated Captaine Iohn Martin Master of the Battery workes for Steele and Iron and Captaine George Webb Sergeant Maior of the Fort and especiall Captaines ouer Companies were these appointed Captaine Edward Bruster who hath the command of his Honours owne Company Captaine Thomas Lawson Captain Thomas Holecroft Captaine Samuell Argoll Captaine George Yardley who commandeth the Lieutenant Generals Company Diuers other Officers were likewise made as Master Ralph Hamor and Master Browne Clarkes of the Counsell and Master Daniell Tucker and Master Robert Wilde Clarkes of the Store c. The first businesse which the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall after the
seuerall Maladies and Calamities I am the more desirous to particularise vnto your Lordshippes although they were too notorious to the whole Colonie lest any man should misdeeme that vnder the generall name and common excuse of sicknesse I went about to cloke either sloth or feare or any other base apprehension vnworthy the high and Honorable Charge which you had entrusted to my Fidelitie In these extremities I resolued to consult my friends Who finding Nature spent in mee and my body almost consumed my paines likewise daily encreasing gaue me aduise to prefer a hopefull recouery before an assured ruine which must necessarily haue ensued had I liued but twentie dayes longer in Virginia wanting at that instant both food and Physicke fit to remedy such extraordinary Diseases and restore that strength so desperately decayed Whereupon after a long consultation held I resolued by generall consent and perswasion to ship my selfe for Meuis an Island in the West Indies famous for wholsesome Bathes there to try what helpe the Heauenly Prouidence would affoord mee by the benefit of the hot Bath But God who guideth all things according to his good will and pleasure so prouided that after we had sayled an hundred Leagues we met with Southerly windes which forced mee to change my purpose my bodie being altogether vnable to endure the tediousnesse of a long Voyage and so steere my course for the Westerne Ilands which I no sooner recouered then I found helpe for my health and my sicknesse asswaged by meanes of fresh Diet and especially of Orenges and Lemons an vndoubted remedy and medicine for that Disease which lastly and so long had afflicted me which ease as soone as I found I resolued although my body remayned still feeble and weake to returne backe to my charge in Virginia againe but I was aduised not to hazard my selfe before I had perfectly recouered my strength which by counsell I was perswaded to seeke in the naturall Ayre of my Countrey and so I came for England In which Accident I doubt not but men of reason and of iudgement will imagine there would more danger and preiudice haue happened by my death there then I hope can doe by my returne In the next place I am to giue account in what estate I left the Colonie for gouernment in my absence It may please your Lordships therefore to vnderstand that vpon my departure thence I made choice of Captaine George Percie a Gentleman of honour and resolution and of no small experience in that place to remayne Deputie Gouernour vntill the comming of the Marshall Sir Thomas Dale whose Commission was likewise to be determined vpon the arriuall of Sir Thomas Gates according to the intent and order of your Lordships and the Councell here The number of men I left there were vpward of two hundred the most in health and prouided of at least ten moneths victuals in their Store-house which is daily issued vnto them besides other helps in the Countrey lately found out by Captaine Argoll by trading with pettie Kings in those parts who for a small returne of a piece of Iron Copper c. haue consented to trucke great quantities of Corne and willingly imbrace the intercourse of Traffique shewing vnto our people certaine signes of amitie and affection And for the better strengthening and securing of the Colonie in the time of my weaknesse there I tooke order for the building of three seuerall Forts two of which are seated neere Point Comfort to which adioyneth a large circuit of ground open and fit for Corne the third Fort is at the Falls vpon an Iland inuironed also with Corne ground These are not all manned for I wanted the commoditie of Boats hauing but two and one Barge in all the Countrey which hath beene cause that our fishing hath beene in some sort hindered for want of those prouisions which easily will be remedied when we can gaine sufficient men to bee imployed about those businesses which in Virginia I found not but since meeting with Sir Thomas Gates at the Cowes neere Portsmouth to whom I gaue a particular account of all my proceedings and of the present estate of the Colonie as I left it I vnderstood those wants are supplyed in his Fleet. The Country is wonderfull fertile and very rich and makes good whatsoeuer heretofore hath beene reported of it the Cattell alreadie there are much encreased and thriue exceedingly with the pasture of that Countrie The Kine all this last Winter though the ground was couered most with Snow and the Season sharpe liued without other feeding then the grasse they found with which they prospered well and many of them readie to fall with Calue Milke beeing a great nourishment and refreshing to our people seruing also in occasion as well for Physicke as for food so that it is no way to be doubted but when it shall please God that Sir Thomas Dale and Sir Thomas Gates shall arriue in Virginia with their extraordinary supply of one hundred Kine and two hundred Swine besides store of all manner of other prouisions for the sustenance and maintenance of the Colonie there will appeare that successe in the Action as shall giue no man cause of distrust that hath alreadie aduentured but encourage euery good minde to further so worthy a worke as will redound both to the glory of God to the credit of our Nation and to the comfort of all those that haue beene Instruments in the furthering of it The last Discouery during my continuall sicknesse was by Captaine Argoll who hath found a Trade with Patamack a King as great as Powhatan who still remaynes our Enemie though not able to doe vs hurt This is in a goodly Riuer called Patomack vpon the borders whereof there are growne the goodliest Trees for Masts that may bee found else-where in the World Hempe better then English growing wild in abundance Mynes of Antimonie and Lead There is also found without our Bay to the Northward an excellent fishing Banke for Cod and Ling as good as can be eaten and of a kind that will keepe a whole yeere in ships hold with little care a triall whereof I now haue brought ouer with me Other Ilands there are vpon our Coasts that doe promise rich Merchandize and will further exceedingly the establishing of the Plantation by supply of many helpes and will speedily affoord a returne of many worthy commodities I haue left much ground in part manured to receiue Corne hauing caused it the last Winter to be sowed for Roots with which our people were greatly releeued There are many Vines planted in diuers places and doe prosper well there is no want of any thing if the action can be vpheld with constancie and resolution Lastly concerning my selfe and my course though the World may imagine that this Countrie and Climate will by that which I haue suffered beyond any other of that Plantation ill agree with the state of my bodie yet I
in houses sequestred from the common course of men neither may any man be suffered to come into their house or to speake with them but when this Priest doth call him He taketh no care for his victuals for all such kinde of things both Bread and Water c. are brought vnto a place neere vnto his cottage and there are left which hee fetcheth for 〈◊〉 proper neede If they would haue raine or haue lost any thing they haue their recourse to him who coniureth for them and many times preuaileth If they be sicke he is their Physician if they be wounded he sucketh them At his command they make warre and peace neither doe they any thing of moment without him I will not be tedious in these strange Narrations when I haue more perfectly entered into their secrets you shall know all Finally there is a ciuill gouernment amongst them which they strictly obserue and shew thereby that the law of Nature dwellâ—th in them for they haue a rude kinde of Common-wealth and rough gouernment wherein they both honour and obey their Kings Parents and Gouernours both greater and lesse they obserue the limits of their owne possessions Murther is scarsly heard of Adultery and other offences seuerely punished The whole Continent of Uirginia situate within the degrees of 34. and 47. is a place beautified by God with all the ornaments of nature and enriched with his earthly treasures that part of it which we already possesse beginning at the Bay of Chaesapheac and stretching it selfe in Northerly latitude to the degrees of 39. and 40. is interlined with seuen most goodly Riuers the least whereof is equall to our Riuer of Thames and all these Riuers are so neerely ioyned as that there is not very much distance of dry ground betweene either of them and those seuâ—rall maine lands are euery where watered with many veines or creekes of water which sundry waies doe ouerthwart the land and make it almost nauigable from one Riuer to the other The commodity whereof to those that shall inhabite this land is infinite in respect of the speedy and easie transportance of goods from one Riuer to the other I cannot better manifest it vnto you but in aduising you to consider whether the water or land hath beene more beneficiall to the Low-Countries To the Riuer which we inhabit commonly called Powhatans Riuer ebbeth and floweth one hundred and forty miles into the maine at the mouth whereof are the two Forts of Henrico and Charles two and forty miles vpward is the first and Mother-Christian Towne seated called Iames-Towne and seuenty miles beyond that vpward is the new Towne of Henricâ— built and so named in the memory of Noble Prince Henry of lasting and blessed memory tenne miles beyond this is a place called the Fals because the Riuer hath there a great descent falling downe between many minerall Rockes which be there twelue miles farther beyond this place is there a Christall Rocke wherewith the Indians doe head many of their Arrowes three dayes iourney from thence is there a Rock or stony hill found which is in the top couered all ouer with a perfect and most rich Siluer oare Our men that went to discouer those parts had but two Iron Pickaxes with them and those so ill tempered that the points of them turned againe and bowed at euery stroake so that we could not search the entrailes of the place yet some triall was made of that oare with good successe and argument of much hope Six dayes iourney beyond this Mine a great ridge of high hils doe runne along the maine land not farre from whom the Indians report a great Sea doth runne which we commonly call a South Sea but in respect of our habitation is a West Sea for there the Sun setteth from vs. The higher ground is much like vnto the molde of France clay and sand being proportionably mixed together at the top but if we digge any depth as we haue done for out Bricks we finde it to be red clay full of glistering spangles There be many rockie places in all quarters more then probable likelihoods of rich Mines of all sorts though I knew all yet it were not conuenient at this time that I should vtter all neither haue wee had meanes to search for any thing as we ought thorough present want of men and former wants of prouision for the belly As for Iron Steele Antimonium and Terra sigillata they haue rather offered themselues to our eyes and hands then bin sought for of vs. The Ayre of the Countrey especially about Henrico and vpward is very temperate and agreeth well with our bodies The extremity of Summer is not so hot as Spaine nor the cold of Winter so sharpe as the frosts of England The Spring and Haruest are the two longest seasons and most pleasant the Summer and Winter are both but short The Winter is for the most part dry and faire but the Summer watered often with many great and sodaine showers of raine whereby the cold of Winter is warmed and the heate of Summer cooled Many haue died with vs heretofore thorough their owne filthinesse and want of bodily comforts for sicke men but now very few are sicke among vs not aboue three persons amongst all the inhabitants of Henrico I would to God our soules were no sicker then our bodies The naturall people of the Land are generally such as you heard of before A people to be feared of those that come vpon them without defensiue Armor but otherwise faint-hearted if they see their Arrowes cannot pierce and easie to be subdued Shirts of Male or quilted cotten coates are the best defence against them There is but one or two of their petty Kings that for feare of vs haue desired our friendship and those keepe good quarter with vs being very pleasant amongst vs and if occasion be seruiceable vnto vs. Our eldest friends be Pipisco and Choapoke who are our ouerthwart neighbours at Iames-Towne and haue beene friendly to vs in our great want The other is the Werowance of Chescheak who but lately traded with vs peaceably If we were once the masters of their Country and they stood in feare of vs which might with few hands imployed about nothing else be in short time brought to passe it were an easie matter to make them willingly to forsake the Diuell to embrace the faith of Iesus Christ and to be baptized Besides you cannot easily iudge how much they would be auaileable to vs in our Discoueries of the Countrey in our Buildings and Plantings and quiet prouision for our selues when we may peaceably passe from place to place without neede of Armes or Guard The meanes for our people to liue and subsist here of themselues are many and most certaine both for Beasts Birds and Hearbes The Beasts of the Countrey are for the most part wilde as Lyons Beares Wolues and Deere Foxes blacke and red Rakowns Beuers Possowns
would haue it done as they had formerly determined by Lot Which thing I did with all faithfulnesse and diligence the manner of it doth aboue appeare and is more largely manifested in a Booke of the Suruey of the Country exhibited to the Right Honorable his Maiesties Counsell and the Court of Aduenturers for these parts And then began this which was before as it were an vnsetled and confused Chaos I mean as touching a Plantation for considered onely as a Regiment it was otherwise to receiue a conuenient disposition forme and order and to become indeed a Plantation for though the Countrey was small yet they could not haue beene conueniently disposed and well settled without a true description and suruey made of it and againe euery man being settled where hee might constantly abide they knew their businesse and fitted their houshold accordingly They built for themselues and their Families not Tents or Cabins but more substantiall houses they cleered their grounds and planted not onely such things as would yeeld them their fruits in a yeere or halfe a yeere but all such too as would affoord them profit after certaine yeeres c. So that in short time after euen before expiration of Captaine Tuckers gouernment the Country began to aspire and neerely to approch vnto that happinesse and prosperity wherein now it flourisheth For may it not iustly be accounted happinesse and prosperitie for men to liue where they enioy the meanes of true Religion and Saluation to wit the sincere Ministerie of the Word and Sacraments where the gouernment is good without rigour and oppression the place healthfull and temperate where they are freed from all extreme care and toyle where they haue food in abundance and very good with other things needfull to the body and where they haue Commodities meete for Trade by which they better aduance their estates all which and more is largely verified in the presâ—nt estate of that Colonie whatsoeuer some maliciously minded or to euill ends suborned may say to the contrary so that there may seeme to bee a restauration of that Golden Age so much spoken of The Gouernour now there resident is one Captaine Butler for Captaine Tucker departing thence in December 1618. left in his place Captaine Kendall who also was one that supplied the same place in the interim betweene Master Moores time and Captaine Tuckers and hath spent some nine or ten yeeres in the Countrey But in the yeere 1619. about Midsummer the Aduenturers sent thither as Gouernour for three yeeres according to the custome the said Captaine Butler and foure ships with some fiue hundred persons there beeing at that time in the Countrey onely fiue hundred more for by the space of foure yeeres to wit during the latter part of Master Moores gouernment and all the time of Captaine Tuckers they had sent few thither being almost hopelesse of the place by reason of the Rats But since there haue beene sent many companies more then haue come to my knowledge Insomuch that I vnderstand the Countrey is now almost fully planted and inhabited Thus haue I briefly related so farre forth as hath come to my knowledge and remembrance euery thing of most note and importance that hath befallen in the first Discouerie and planting of these Ilands till this present I haue laboured to contract my selfe yet haue exceeded my entended limits Now I must speake something of the Countrey it selfe Which consisteth of a company of small Ilands situate and formed as aboue appeareth It lyeth in the Westerne Ocean in that part of the World lately discouered and called America or the New World vulgarly the West Indies It hath Latitude or Eleuation as is abouesaid 32. degrees 25. minutes which is almost the same with the Maderaes or rather more Southward The Countrey is round about enuironed with Rockes which to the Northward Westward and Southward extend farther then hath beene yet discouered By reason of these Rockes the Countrey is very strong For there is onely two places and scarce two except to such as know them well where shipping may safely come in and those places are very well fortified but within is roome to entertaine a Royall Fleet. The Rockes in most places appeare at a low water neither are they much couered at a high water For it ebbes and flowes there not aboue fiue foot The shoare it selfe for the most part is a Rocke so hardned by the Sunne Wind and Sea that it is not apt to be worne by the Waues whose violence is also broken by the Rocks before they come at the shoare The Mould is of diuers colours neither Clay nor Sand but a meane betweene The Red which resembleth Clay is worst the whitish resembling Sand and the blackish Clay is good the Browne betweene them both which they call white because there is mingled with it as it were a white Marle is best Vnder the Mould two or three foote deepe and sometimes lesse is a kind of white hard substance which they call the Rocke the Trees vsually fasten their Roots in it and draw their nourishment from it Neither is it indeed Rocke or Stone nor so hard though for the most part harder then Chalke not so white but Pumice-like and Spongie easily receiuing and contayning much water I haue seene in some places Clay found vnder it It seemes to be engendred of the Raine water drayning through the earth and drawing with it of his substance vnto a certaine depth where it congeales The hardest kind of it which is commonly vnder the red ground is not so Spongie nor retaynes much water but lyeth in the ground in Quarries as it were thicke Slates one vpon another and there is some chinkes or creuises betwixt one late and another through which the water hath passage so that in such places there is scarce found any fresh water For all or the most part of their fresh water whereof they haue good store commeth out of the Sea drayning through the Sand or through the foresaid substance which they call the Rocke and leauing his Salt behind it becomes fresh Sometimes we digged Welles of fresh water within foure or fiue paces of the Sea-side sometimes further off The most part of them would ebbe and flow as the Sea did and be leuell or little higher then the Superficies of the Sea The Aire is most commonly cleere very temperate moist with a moderate heate very healthfull and apt for the Generation and nourishing of all things so that there is scarce any thing transported from hence thither but it yeelds a farre greater encrease and if it be any liuing thing becomes fatter and better liking then here By this meanes the Countrey was so replenished with Hennes and Turkeyes within the space of three or foure yeeres that beeing neglected many of them forsooke the Houses and became wilde and so liued in great abundance The like encrease there is of Hogges and other Cattle according to their kinds There seemes to be
are inuited to praise the name of the Lord for hee hath commanded and they were created How much more should the tongue of man be the Pen of a readie writer and as it is called The glory of the man so imploy it selfe in setting forth the glory of God in his Workes of Creation Prouidence Redemption God is a Glorious Circle whose Center is euery where his circumference no where himselfe to himselfe is Circle and Circumference the Ocean of Entitie that very vbique from whom to whom the Centre of vnitie all diuersified lines of varietie issue and returne And although we euery where feele his present Deitie yet the difference of heauenly climate and influence causing such discording concord of dayes nights seasons such varietie of meteors elements aliments such noueltie in Beasts Fishes Fowles such luxuriant plentie and admirable raritie of Trees Shrubs Hearbs such fertilitie of soyle insinuation of Seas multiplicitie of Riuers safetie of Ports healthfulnesse of ayre opportunities of habitation materialls for action obiects for contemplation haps in present hopes of future worlds of varietie in that diuersified world doe quicken our mindes to apprehend whet our tongues to declare and fill both with arguments of diuine praise On the other side considering so good a Countrey so bad people hauing little of Humanitie but shape ignorant of Ciuilitie of Arts of Religion more brutish then the beasts they hunt more wild and vnmanly then that vnmanned wild Countrey which they range rather then inhabite captiuated also to Satans tyranny in foolish pieties mad impieties wicked idlenesse busie and bloudy wickednesse hence haue wee fit obiects of zeale and pitie to deliuer from the power of darknesse that where it was said Yee are not my people they may bee called the children of the liuing God that Iustice may so proceed in rooting out those murtherers that yet in iudgement imitating Gods deâ—ling with vs wee may remember Mercy to such as their owne innocence shall protect and Hope shall in Charitie iudge capable of Christian Faith And let men know that hee which conuerteth a sinner from the errour of his way shall saue a soule from death and shall hide a multitude of sinnes And Sauiours shall thus come on Mount Zion to iudge the Mount of Esau and the Kingdome of Virginia shall be Lord. Thus shall wee at once ouercome both Men and Deuills and espouse Virginia to one husband presenting her as a chast Uirgin to Christ. If the eye of Aduenturers were thus single how soone and all the body should be light But the louing our selues more then God hath detained so great blessings from vs to Virginia and from Virginia to vs. Godlinesse hath the promises of this life and that which is to come And if wee be carefull to doe Gods will he will be ready to doe ours All the rich endowments of Uirginia her Virgin-portion from the creation nothing lessened are wages for all this worke God in wisedome hauing enriched the Sauage Countries that those riches might be attractiues for Christian suters which there may sowe spirituals and reape temporals But what are those riches where we heare of no Gold nor Siluer and see more impouerished here then thence enriched and for Mines we heare of none but Iron Iron mindes Iron age of the world who gaue Gold or Siluer the Monopoly of wealth or made them the Almighties fauorites Precious perils specious punishments whose originall is neerest hell whose house is darknesse which haue no eye to see the heauens nor admit heauens eye guilty malefactors to see them neuer produced to light but by violence and conuinced vpon records written in bloud the occasioners of violence in the World which haue infected the surface of their natiue earth with deformity and sterility these Mines being fit emblemes of mindes couetous stored with want and euer wanting their owne store her bowels with darknesse damps deaths causing trouble to the neighbour Regions and mischiefe to the remotest Penurious mindes Is there no riches but Gold Mines Are Iron Mines neglected reiected for hopes of Siluer What and who else is the Alchymist and impostor which turnes the World and Men and all into Iron And how much Iron-workes in Warres and Massacres hath American Gold and Siluer wrought thorow all Christendome Neither speake I this as if our hopes were blasted and growne deplorate and desperate this way the Country being so little searched and the remote in-land-Mountaines vnknowne but to shew the fordid tincture and base alloy of these Mine-mindes Did not the Spanish Iron tell me you that contemne Iron-mines draw to it the Indian Siluer and Gold I will not be a Prophet for Spaine from Virginia But I cannot forget the wily apophthegme of the Pilots Boy in the Cacafuego a great Ship laden with treasure taken in the South Sea by Sir Francis Drake who seeing the English Ordnance command such treasure from the Spanish Cacafuego Our Ship said he shall be called the Cacaplata and the English may be named the Cacafuego I will not be so vnmannerly to giue you the homely English it is enough that English Iron brought home the Spanish-Indian Siluer and Gold But let vs consult with the wisest Councellour Canaan Abrahams promise Israels inheritance type of heauen and ioy of the earth What were her riches were they not the Grapes of Eshcol the balme of Gilead the Cedary neighbourhood of Libanus the pastury vale of Ierieho the dewes of heauen fertility of soile temper of climat the flowing not with Golden Sands but with Milke and Hony necessaries and pleasures of life not bottomelesse gulfes of lust the commodious scituation for two Seas and other things like in how many inferiour to this of Virginia What golden Country euer nourished with her naturall store the hundreth part of men in so small a proportion of earth as Dauid there mustered being 1100000. of Israel and 500000. of Iuda not reckoning the Tribes of Leui and Beniamin all able men for warres And after him in a little part of that little Iehoshaphat More I dare say then the Spaniards can finde in one hundred times so much of their Mine lands and choose their best in Peru New Spaine and the Ilands the Scriptures containing an infallible muster-booke of 1160000. able Souldiers in his small territories That then is the richest Land which can feede most men Man being a mortall God the best part of the best earth and visible end of the visible World What remarkeable Gold or Siluer Mines hath France Belgia Lumbardy or other the richest peeces of Europe what hath Babylonia Mauritania or other the best of Asia and Africke What this our fertile Mother England Aske our late Trauellers which saw so much of Spaine the most famous part of Europe for Mynes of old and inriched with the Mynes of the New World if an Englishman needs to enuy a Spaniard or prefer a Spanish life and happinesse to his owne Their old
taught by experience the necessitie of hauing that defect supplied But those hopes failed him all being before that time ruined and dispersed so farre as he saw it in vaine to hope for helpe by that meanes and therefore attempted to make the best of what hee had of his owne And going to set his men a worke they all in few dayes after their arriuall fell sicke of a disease which hapned at that time in the Countrey so as now he was not onely forced to be without hope of their helping of him but must labour himselfe all hee could to attend and sustaine them but so God fauoured him that they recouered and in time conuenient he dispatched his businesse there and put himselfe to Sea againe resoluing to accomplish in his iourney backe to New-England what in his last Discouery he had omitted In his passage he met with certaine Hollanders who had a trade in Hudsons Riuer some yeeres before that time with whom he had conference about the state of that coast and their proceedings with those people whose answere gaue him good content Hee betooke himselfe to the following of his businesse discouering many goodly Riuers and exceeding pleasant and fruitfull Coasts and Ilands for the space of eightie leagues from East to West for so that Coast doth range along from Hudsons Riuer to Cape Iames. Now after wee had found by Captaine Rocrafts relation made the yeere before the hopes hee conceiued of the benefits that Coast would afford towards the vpholding of the charge for setling our Plantation by reason of the commodities arising by Fishing and Furres if a course might bee taken for the managing of that businesse as was fit for such a designe as well as for the aduancement of the publike good of our whole Nation and satisfaction of euery well disposed person that had a will to be interressed therein It was held to be most conuenient to strengthen our selues by a new Grant to bee obtained from his Royal Maiesty the rather finding that those of Uirginia had by two seuerall Patents setled their bounds and excluded all from intermedling with them that were not free of their Company and had wholly altered the forme of their Gouernment from the first ground layed for the managing the affaires of both Colonies leauing vs as desperate and our businesse as abandoned These considerations as is said together with the necessitie of setling our affaires bounds and limits dictinct from theirs made vs resolue to petition his Maiestie for the renewing of our Grant By which time the rumour of our hopes was so publikely spread abroad and the commodities of the Fish and Trade so looked into as it was desired that all that Coast might bee made free as well to those of Virginia as to vs to make their commoditie How iust or vniust that motion was wee will not argue seeing the businesse is ended By this meanes our proceedings were interrupted and wee questioned about it first by the Counsell of Virginia whom wee thought to haue beene fully satisfied therein before wee could haue way giuen vs for a new Patent both parties hauing beene heard by certaine of the Lords of the Councell and the businesse by them so ordered as wee were directed to proceed and to haue our Grant agreeable to the libertie of the Virginia Company the frame of our gouernment excepted but this order not being liked of it was againe heard and concluded Lastly the Patent being past the Seale it was stopt vpon new suggestions to the King and by his Maiesty referred to the Councel to be setled by whom the former Orders were confirmed the difference cleered and we ordered to haue our Patent deliuered vs. These disputes held vs almost two yeeres so as all men were afraid to ioyne with vs and we thereby left hopelesse of any thing more than that which our owne fortunes would yeeld to aduance our proceedings in which time so many accidents hapned vnto vs at home and abroad that wee were â—aine to giue order by the Ships wee sent a fishing for the retiring of Master Darmer and his people vntill all things were cleered and wee better prouided of meanes to goe through with our designe But this worthy Gentleman confident of the good likely to ensue and resolutely resoluing to pursue the ends he aymed at could not be perswaded to looke backe as yet and so refusing to accept our offer began againe to prosecute his Discouery wherein he was betrayed by certaine new Sauages who sodainly set vpon him giuing him fourteene or fifteene wounds but by his valour and dexteritie of spirit hee freed himselfe out of their hands yet was constrained to retire into Virginia againe the second time for the cure of his wounds where he fell sicke of the infirmities of that place and thereof dyed so ended this worthy Gentleman his dayes after he had remained in the discouery of that Coast two yeeres giuing vs good content in all hee vndertooke and after hee had made the peace betweene vs and the Sauages that so much abhorred our Nation for the wrongs done them by others as you haue heard but the fruit of his labour in that behalfe wee as yet receiue to our great commoditie who haue a peaceable Plantation at this present among them where our people both prosper and liue in good liking and assurednesse of their neighbours that had beene formerly so much exasperated against vs as will more at large appeare hereafter But hauing passed all these storms abroad and vndergone so many home-bred oppositions and freed our Patent which wee were by order of State assigned to renew for the amendment of some defects therein contained wee were assured of this ground more boldly to proceed on than before and therefore wee tooke first to consideration how to raise the meanes to aduance the Plantation In the examination thereof two wayes did first offer themselues The one was the voluntary contribution of the Patentees The other by an easie ransoming of the freedomes of those that had a will to partake only of the present profits arising by the Trade and Fishing vpon the Coast. The first was to proceed from those Noble-men and others that were Patentees and they agreed by order among themselues to disburse a hundred pounds a piece for the aduancement of such necessary businesse as they had in hand The second was to bee accomplished by setling such liberties and orders in the Westerne Cities and Townes as might induce euery reasonable man in and about them affecting the publike good or a regular proceeding in the businesse of Trade to embrace an vniformitie and to ioyne a communitie or ioynt stock together c. BVt this Countrey what by the generall and particular situation is so temperate as it seemeth to hold the golden meane and indeed is most agreeable to the nature of our owne which is made manifest by experience the most infallible proofe of all
Wine doe long for it as a daintie that their purses could neuer reach toâ—n England and hauing it there without money euen in their houses where they lie and hold their guard can be kept from being drunke and once drunke held in any order or tune except we had for euery drunkard an Officer to attend him But who bee they that haue run into these disorders Euen our newest men our youngest men and our idlest men and for the most part our slouenly prest men whom the Iustices who haue alwayes thought vnworthily of any warre haue sent out as the scum and dregs of the Countrey And those were they who distempering themselues with their hot Wines haue brought in that sicknesse which hath infected honester men then themselues But I hope as in other places the recouery of the disease doth acquaint their bodies with the ayre of the Countrey where they be so the remainder of these which haue either recouered or past without sicknesse will proue most fit for Martiall seruices If we haue wanted Surgeons may not this rather be laid vpon the Captaines who are to prouide for their seuerall Companies then vpon the Generalls whose care hath been more generall And how may it be thought that euery Captaine vpon whom most of the charges of raising their Companies was laid as an aduenture could prouide themselues of all things expedient for a war which was alwayes wont to be maintained by the purse of the Prince But admit euery Captain had his Surgeon yet were the want of curing neuerthelesse for our English Surgeons for the most part bee vnexperienced in hurts that come by shot because England hath not knowne warres but of late from whose ignorance proceeded this discomfort which I hope will warne those that hereafter goe to the warres to make preparation of such as may better preserue mens liues by their skill From whence the want of carriages did proceed you may coniecture in that wee marched through a Country neither plentifull of such prouisions nor willing to part from any thing yet this I can assure you that no man of worth was left either hurt or sicke in any place vnprouided for And that the Generall commanded all the Mules and Asses that were laden wiâ—â— any baggage to be vnburdened and taken to that vse and the Earle of Essex and he for mony hired men to carry men vpon Pikâ—â— And the Earle whose true vertue and nobilitie as it doth in all other his actions appeare so did it very much in this threw downe his owne stuffe I meane apparell and necessities which hee had there from his owne carriages and let them be left by the way to put hurt and sicke men vpon them And the great complaint that these men make for want of victualls may well proceed from their not knowing the wants of warre for if to feed vpon good Beeues Muttons and Goates be to want they haue endured great scarcitie at Land whereunto they neuer wanted two dayes together wine to mixe with their water nor bread to eat with theâ— meat in some quantitie except it were such as had vowed rather to starue then to 〈◊〉 out of their places for food of whom we haue too many After six dayes sayling from the Coast of England and the fifth after we had the wind good being the twentieth of Aprill in the euening we landed in a bay more thâ—â— an English mile from the Groine in our long Boats and Pinnaces without any impeachmentâ— from whence we presently marched toward the Towne within one halfe mile wee were encountred by the enemy who being charged by ours retired into their gates For that night our Armie lay in the Villages Hoâ—ses and Mils next adioyning and very neere round about the Towne into the which the Galeon named S. Iohn which was the second of the last yeeres 〈◊〉 against England one Huâ—ke two smaller Ships and two Gallies which were found in the Road did beat vpon vs and vpon our Companies as they passed too and fro that night and the next morning Generall Norris hauing that morning before day viewed the Towne found the same defended on the Lâ—nd side for it standeth vpon the necke of an Iland with a wall vpon a dry Ditch whereupon hee resolued to try in two plâ—ces what might be done against it by Escâ—lade and in the meane time aduised for the landing of some Artillerie to be vpon the Ships and Gallies that they might not annoy vs which being but in execution vpon the planting of the first Peece the Gallies abandoned the Road and betooke them to Feroll not farre from therice and the Armada being beaten with the Artillery and Musketers that were placed vpon the next shoare left her playing vpon vs. The rest of the day was spent in preparing the Companies and other prouisions readie for the surprise of the baâ—e Towne which was effected in this sort There were appointed to bee landed 1200. men vnder the conduct of Colonell Huntley and Captaine Fenner the Vice-Admirall on that side next â—â—onting vs by water in long Boates and Pinnaces wherein were placed many Peeces of Artillery to beat vpon the Towne in their approach at the corner of the wall which defended the other water side were appointed Captain Richard Wing field Lieutenant Colonell to Generall Norris and Captaine Sampson Lieutenant Colonell to Generall Drake to enter at low water with fiue hundred men if they found it passable but if not to betake them to the Esâ—alade for they had also Ladders with them â—â—t the other corner of the wall which ioyned to that side that was attempted by water were appointed Colonell Umpton and Colonell Bret with three hundred men to enter by Escalade All the Companies which should enter by Boat being imbarked before the low water and hauing giuen the alarme Captaine Wingfield and Captaine Sampson betooke them to the Escalade for they had in commandement to charge all at one instant The Boats landed without any great difficultie yet had they some men hurt in landing Colonell Bret and Colonell Vmpton entred their quarter without encounter not finding any defence made against them for Captaine Hinder being one of them that entred by water at his first entry with some of his owne companie whom hee trusted well betooke himselfe to that part of the wall which hee cleered before that they offered to enter and so scoured the wall till he came on the backe of them who maintained the fight against Captaine Wingfield and Captaine Sampson who were twice beaten from their Ladders and found very good resistance till the enemies perceiuing ours entred in two places at their backes were driuen to abandon the same The reason why that place was longer defended then the other is as Don Iuan de Luna who commanded the same affirmeth that the enemie that day had resolued in counsell how to make their defences if they were approached and therein concluded that if wee attempted it by
now changed from a peopled Countrey to a desert by Spanish crueltie 1583 1584 Martha's Uineyard a dis-inhabited I le 1648 Saint Martha a towne taken by Sir Francis Drake 1183 Marwin River and the Regions therevnto adioyning 1283 Massasoys a company of Savages in New-England 1849 Massasoyt his acknowledgement of King Iames to be the Gouernour of his Countrey and himselfe his man his kinde entertainment of English and prohibiting the French 1852 1862 Massangono a Portingall Fort in Affrica the description thereof 1220 1234. Gold therein taken by the Portingals 1237 Mastiues much regarded in Virginis 1655 Matauzas the situation and description thereof 1246 1247 Matiniâ— a haven in America 1146 1157 Saint Matthews Bay 1401 Matta diabolo a Fort in Port-Ricco 1162 Mattaick a Rocke which with the brightnesse thereof dazeleth the eyes 1285 Mattouri an Ilandin Guiana 1272 Mauriapigtanga Inhabitants of Brasile 1298 Mawooshen a Countrey discovered by the English Anno 1622. 1873 Maids how distinguished from maried women in Virginia 1689. Their habite and behauiour when they are to be taken to mariage 1869 1159 Henry Mays his voyage and shipwracke on the Bermudas or Summer-Ilands 1795. The losse and saving of some men ibid. Meat made of Snakes 1210. Meat how kept from corrupting among the Savages 1326. Meat not eaten by the Indians vnlesse sanctified by the Spaniards 1522 Meecombe a towne on the River Apanawapesk 1874 Mechuacan a place in New-Spaine 1557 1580 Mechuacan a place neere the South Sea 1559 Mecola the situation thereof 1246 Mendozaes Indian voyage and successe 1347 1348. seq Hee builds the citie Buenos Ayres the miserable famine there and warres with the Indians the death of his souldiers his returning and death by the way 1348 1349 1350 Men of three hundred yeares age in Florida 1604 Mendoza his intended treason against Queene Elizabeth 1892. Hee being Embassador from Spaine is commanded to depart the English coast 1893 Menehighon Iland how situate 1829 Mepenes a Nation in the River Parana in the Indies their description strength and multitude 1351 Mermaids seene in Brasile 1240 on the coast of New-found-land 1887 Mermen or men of the Sea that kill men with embracing and then seeme to sigh 1315. Some are as little as children and doe no hurt 1318 Mesquiquez an Indian fruit 1519 1520 Mestizo one that is halfe a Sauage and halfe a Portingall 1207 Metall like Lead found in Canada on the South 1618 Meuis Ile the situation excellent bathes and commodities thereof 1685 Mexico Navigations 1177. The bignesse of the Citie the nature and docibilitie of the naturals the company of Spaniards there 1421 The populousnesse thereof 1432. Mexico and all the adioyning Provinces vnpeopled by Spanish crueltie 1578. Two millions of Indians slaine by them there ibid. Saint Michael a place in the Azores 1142. A strange Hill and wels there 1142. It s description 1671 Saint Michael a River in America neere the River of Toads 1223. It is dangerous for Navigation 1239 Saint Michaels Strait in Florida 1505 Saint Michaels towne triumpheth at the departure of the English 1966 Mico a river in Florida which at the mouth is called Rio Grand 1552 Middletons voyage 1246. 1247 Miles Standish his travell in New-found-land 1848 Military orders established in New-England 1849. Military discipline as well shewed in making a faire and safe retreit as in giving a fierce and furious onset 1962 Will. Millington drawne into the Sea by a Fish and never seene more 1802 Mines of gold in Port-Ricco 1165. Where the richest Mines 1177. At Etapusick very rich Mines of gold and silver 1222 1229. Mines in plenty 1230. Likewise 1231 1248. Mines of Apalatci in Florida 1604. Mines of Copper of a metall like silver in Canada 1617. Other Mines there where to be found 1618 1619. Mine of Steele 1639 Minoya a place in Florida 1554 Miracles wrought by the Spaniards as themselues report in the West Indies 1516 Mirth a preservatiue against the scuruy 1625 Mists store and thicke neere the Banke very cold and the cause thereof 1628. It is then faire at land though at sea foggie 1629 Mocha an Iland in the South sea 1391. The description and commodities thereof 1392 Mochocho an Indian Gouernour in Florida 1531 1532 Mogador a place on the coast of Barbary 1250 Mehotse a populous Indian Province 1562 Melopaques certaine Savages of Brasile 1229. They haue store of gold but esteeme it not except to fish withall ibid. A Monasterie in Saint Iohn de Port Ricco 1165. Monasteries in Peru and Cozco 1456 1457 Moneta Ile its difficult landing and vnspeakable abundance of Fowle 1686 Monkeys rosted and eaten 1213 Monkeys in Brasile called Wariua by the Inhabitants as bigge as a Spanyell with long broad beards 1226 1302. Their King his fashion and other seats of actiuitie ibid. Some that are men-deuourers ibid. Their care in providing the safety of their yong 1328 Monserotta Iland 1281 Monseur de Montz voyages related 1620. seq His societie broken and is enuied at 1638 Monte Christo a weake towne of the Spaniards in the Indies 1418 Monte de Plata 1432 Mooremoreno Iland 1397. Its inhabitants description their loue to the English and hate of Spaniards 1398 Master Moores Plantation and government in the Bermudas Ilands 1802. His building Forts ibid. dispelling Spanish ships and other acts ibid. His death and disposition ibid. Moratiggon an I le about a dayes sayle from New-England 1849 Morecapana Road the situation thereof 1246 Moreeshego a place in the River Marwin 1283 Morrequito a certain country neere Orenoco 1248 Morou a towne of Canibals 1227 Morrowina a Guyanian Province 1271 Captaine Morgan slaine in Brasile 1197 Morouishaua the Kings name among some Savages of Brasile 1229 Mosco a Savage famous for his loue to the English 1715 Mosse a certaine beast as bigge as an Oxe headed like a Deere with a broad Palme which hee mewes euery yeare his haire is long like an Elke hee hath a great bunch vnder his throat his legges long his skin maketh very good Buffe his flesh is excellent food very vsefull to the Savages in New-England 1832 Motto of the King of Spaine in Saint Domingo 1182 Mottayas certaine Canibals in Brasile their loue to the English feeding on Frogges Snakes Monkeys and Dogs their man eating haire beasts and commodities 1229 1230 Mourning expressed by cutting of the haire among Indians 1291 Mourning of the Indians for those that die 1869 Mount-mansell an Iland on the coast of New-England abounding with the Beast called Mâ—ssâ— 1832 Mount Howard 1260 1254 Mount Huntly 1261 Mount Aldworth in Virginia 1655 Mountainiers Savages so called in Canada that make warres with the Irocos 1607 Mountaines stored with gold 1284. A mighty mountaine snowy on the top and torrid at the foot 1156. A mountaine exceeding steepe 1214. A glittering mountaine 1216. A mountaine of Crab-Lice 1228. Mountaine of metals 1232. Mountains abounding with silver and gold 1248. Mountaines covered with Snow that for their height may
towne in Virginia 1687 1688 Rapahanock River 1694 Rashnesse in great enterprizes greatly blamed 1961 Ratliffe alias Sicklemore slaine by Powhatan 1732 Rats of twelue kinds 1303. Râ—ts that sleepe all day and wake all night 1316. Danger by Rats and the preventing thereof in ships 1391. Rats innumerable in the Bermudas 1796 1797. A strange Rat-plague 1727 Henry Ravens his voyage from Bermuda to Virginia 1742 Ravens in Bermudas which seemed to portend a sequell of mortalitie 1797 Raleighs viz. Sir Walter Raleighs his acts and esteeme at Orenoco 1269. His furnishing Ships for the first Discoverie of Virginia 1645. For a second third fourth fift and sixt voyage 1645 1646. He is accused of breach of Articles in the voyage to the Iles of Azores he answereth for himselfe 1958. His men left in Virginia and what became of them 1728 Recibo a towne in Port-Ricco 1170 Red-Reed a plant in the Bermudas causing a forcible vomit and effectually purging the stomacke 1801 Registers observed by the Indians and their manner of registring 1870 Richard Duke of Yorke father to Plantagenet his wilfull casting away himselfe 1962 Richard Sanders and his companions their comming from the Bermudas to Ireland in a small boat without any instrument in a direct line 1803 Rinde of a tree which is more strong then any spice in Virginia 1653 Rio del Oro River the breadth and depth thereof 1141 Rio de la Hacha a place taken by the English 1183. The riches and strength thereof 1419 Rio grand an American River the situation description and commodities thereof 1224 1237 1552 Rivers of gold 1216. A Riuer running vnder-ground 1217. Names of Riuers in America 1282 1286. A medicinable Riuer 1400. Riuers that encrease very much and ouerflow the bankes in dry weather without the flowing of the Sea 1553. River of Toads 1223. 1240. River of Stones 1223 1238. River of Palmes 1505. River of Kine 1562. River of Saint Crosses 1562. River Saint Margaret in Canada 1617. River Canada 1631. River de Carinas from the end of which if there were a channell made of foure leagues in length there would bee a passage to the South Sea through it without passing the perilous straits of Magellane 1433 Lord of Robewall Lieutenant to the French King in the Countreys of Canada Saguenay and Hochelaga 1605 Rocke of Christall which if a man looke on in a Sunne-shine day will dazell his eyes 1285 Roecrafts Voyage to the New-found-land his surprizing of a French-Barke the conspiracie of his owne Mariners against him the discouerie of the conspiracie c. 1829. his voyage to Virginia kind vsage by Sir Samuel Argoll the distresse hee suffered in a tempest his death in a priuate quarrell 1830 Romanes custome in managing of Martiall affaires 1942 Rome a Citie of murtherers and haters of Kings 1894. New Rome much more drunken with the blood of Christians then heathenish Rome with the blood of Ethnicks 1894. Romane policie 1669 Rosier his relation of a voyage to Virginia 1651 seq Ruminnaui an Indian Captaine his cruell tyranny in Peru 1486 Russels Iles in Virginia 1712 Russia a little village in the Riuer Marwin 1283 S. SAbbath 1163 1657 Sabuco a Riuer and Towne in Port-Ricco 1170 Sacatekas the richest Mynes in the Indies 1177 Sachim of Mattachuest acknowledgeth the power of the English God 1866 Sacrifices and Sacrificers 1472 1531 1557 Sacrifices to the Deuill 1531 1868 Sacrifices to the water 1702 Sacriledge punished 1163 Sagenay-riuer and the adioyning Countries described 1606 1610 Sayles of cotton cloth 1394 Sagadohoc a riuer in Mawooshen 1874 Sagamos the name of a Captaine among the Northerne Americans 1633 Saint Lucia one of the Ant-Iles in the latitude of 14 degrees and 20 minutes 1833 Salma riuer 1248 Salomons Ilands their situation discouery and losse 1399 Salt how made and purified by the Indians 1550 Saltcountrie 1365. Salt made in New-found Land 1889 Salt-water dangerous to drinke 1143 Salt-water made drinkeable 1378 Samuel Champlain a Frenchman his taking vpon him the plantation of Kebec in New France 1642. a conspiracy against him ibid. his aduice for a further discouery 1642 1643. his fight with the Sauages and returne for France 1643. another voyage ibid. 1644 Samia-plains neere the riuer Orenoque 1248. Indians inhabiting those Plaines 1248 Samambaia a Tree in America 1213 Sambo Bay 1245 Sanctifying meat vsed by the Portingals in the Indies 1522 Sands rained downe in Peru 1476 Sands dangerous for nauigation in Brasil called by the Portingals Bayhas de Sant Antonio 1238 Sandy places trauelled by Compasse 1242 Sandy Cape 1620 Santa Port 1399 Santa Maria one of the Azores Ilands 1834 Santa Cruce a Carracke surprised by Captaine Norton and St. Iohn Burroughs 1144 1145. is burne by the Portingals ibid. Santa Fe del Nueuo regno di Granada the chiefe Citie in new Granada 1419 Santas a towne 1438 Sapparow the high countrie of Guiana 1280 Saquarema a nauigable riuer in Brasile its description and commodities 1240 Sassafrage 1649. its medicinable vertue 1655 Sasquesahunock certaine Indian Gyants their description 1693 Sauseges made of the heart and guts of Cods and Lord spiced 1628 Sauage-rocke 1647 Sauage and his crue plotted the death of Q. Elizabeth 1893 Sauages haue their goods interred with them and why 1605 Sauages fight with the English 1187. Sauages of Tuppan Bass 1188. Sauage towne described ibid. their manners warres and vsage of their captiues 1188 1218. drunkennesse 1189. their religion commodities they esteem not gold ibid. their hospitall fidelity to Anthony Kniuet Englishman 1209. their infidelity 1211. their ambition 1212. Sauages called Carijos and their battells 1218. Sauages called Petiuares 1225. Mariquites 1226. Topinambazes 1227. Tomominos Waytaquazes ibid. Waymores ibid. Abasanguaretam 1228. Wayanasses ibid. Topinaques ibid. called Pories Molopaques Motayas 1229 Lopos Wayanawazons 1230. Sauages their religious desires 1251. Sauages that make flat their childrens faces that liue in hollow trees quartering their faces into foure colours yellow azure particoloured and blacke 1481. Sauages very courteous and weeping at the distresse of Christians 1507. Sauages that kill their children left they should marrie with their aduersaries that eate any kind of Serpents that are great theeues lyars drunkards their tormenting Flies 1512 1513. their drinking onely raine-water 1514. Other Sauages strange customes fights feare of horses quicke-sensed 1518 1519 Sauage strange fashions in Florida 1520 1521. Forty English slaine by the Sauages of St. Lucia Anno 1605. 1833 Saugaleon Cape 1398 Saualet a Frenchman making two and forty voyages to New-found-Land 1605 Sauona Iland 1141 Sausa a Prouince in the Indies whose inhabitants worship the picture of Dog 1471 Scorpions not deadly 1304 Scourge of Malice a fortunate ship 1148 Schnirdels trauells to Peru and accidents there 1347 1362 Schenetveba a large towne in the Indies 1364 Scouring or flux how it may be prouoked or stayed 1265 Scooadodepon a towne of the Caribes in the Indies 1286 Scriueners voyage to Werawocamoco 1719. his death by drowning in the passage
characters sort not to terrestriall fabrikes instanced in the Reuenge Thunderbâ—lt and this Resentance with the Iesus of Sir Io. Hawk Considerations for pretended Voyâ—ges Prouisions bâ—â—ter prouided at Plimoutâ— then at London Note Danger of Porâ—s open Parts requisite in a good Mariner Abuses of some Sea faring men Master Thomas Candish Master George Reymond Note He addes another remedie in taking away imprâ—sts The consequence of Instructs at departure False calking For preuention thereof Example See Cap. â—rings last Voyagâ— in which the Great Iames was oft endangered thereby Aduice for shooting at Sea Two English shâ—ps haue hâ—â—eby much wroâ—ged each other by mistaking The Madera Ilands Canarie Ilands Gorgosho The descâ—iâ—tion of Tenerif and the Pike Of a Tree in Fierro One M. Lewis Iackson now dwelling in Holboâ—â—e told me that A. 1618. he had beene in this Iland and seene this Tree which he thus described It is as big as an Oake of middle size the barke white like Haâ— dbeame sixe or seuen yards high with ragged boughs the leafe like that of the Bay white on the bottome and greene on the other side It beareth neither fruit nor flower It is scituate in the decliuitie of a Hill in the day it is withered dropping â—n the night a cloude hanging thereon yeelding water sufficient for the whole Iland which containeth 8000. soules and aboue 100000. beasts Camels Mules Goats c. It falls into a Pond made of bricke floored with stones very thight by pipes of â—ead conueighed from the Tree to it and thence diuided into seuerall Ponds through all the Iland They which dwell vp-hill fetch â—t in barrels They water therewith also their Corne-grounds The Pond holds 20000. tuns and is filled in a night He added a report perhaps deuised to keepe off busie fingers or with busie tongues to multiplie wonders that the Moores hauing taâ—en that Iland from the Christians went to fell that Tree but each blowe recoyled on the striker Hee affirmed also that hee had beene â—p the Pike of Teneriff two miles He saith the South side is healthfull the North very Aguish and subiect to Calentures and the Inhabitants on one side looke lustie on the other withered The first discouerers of these Ilands Exercises vpon the Southwards of the Canaries â—â—pe de Verde The vnwholsomnesse thereof The heate The Breze Another cause of Feuers is the dâ—wes which fall euery night so that the exceeding moisture and vnsoundnesse thereof causeth men lying or watching in the open aire to fall sicke The remedie The influence of the Moone in hot Countries Saint Iago Sacked by Manuel Serades Sir Francis Drake and Sir Anthony Sherley Fuego Fiery hill Brano good watering The Palmito The Plantan great leaues Placentia The Cocos their kindes Coquillos A third kinde Cyuet-Cats Munkeyes Parrots * Tawt or taught a Sea-terme sig stiffe and fast Morning and euening praier Change of water Error in reckoning Note The lesse of Edward â—otton Current-consideration New found-land Current Leuant Sea Brasil and South Sea Currents of smaller force neere the shore A discourse of the Scuruey or Scorâ—â—â—â— The signes Azores Strange effect of calmes The remedies By Diet. By shift By labour By early eating and drinking Ten thousand English dead of the Scuruie in 20. yeeres By sowre Oranges and Lemmons By Doctor Steuens water By Oyle of Vitry By the Aire of the Land The company sicke and dismayed Prouerbe Brasill Cape Saint Augustine Farnambuca Todos Santos De Vitoria Dangers of fire By heating of Pitch Vse of â—ugge Gownes Preuention Diuers ships as the Primrose Iesus of Lubeck Robuck Blacke Lion c. haue beene burned By hooping scuâ—ling of Caske Note By natures of waters By swearing An excellent order for shipswearing Custome feedâ— vice which seuerity starueth Pi hy discourse of diuers fishes and their description The Dolphin The Bonito The Sharke His mouth Superstition All-deuouring Three rowes of teeth Whelping Pilats â—â—shes Sea hawking and hunting Flying fishes Alcatrace The fight of the Whale with the Sword-fish and Thresher The strokes heard two leagues Of Whales see our Greeneland discourses li. 3. c. 2. 〈◊〉 Amber-greece Amber Corall Best times to passe the line froÌ„ the Northwards to the Southward Port of Santos For preuention of annoyances c. in Harbours S 〈…〉 rds periury Their punishment Note for that harbour The vertue of Oranges Distilling of Salt water Vnskilfulnesse of the Masters Mâ—te Prouidence of God and the caâ—â— of the Master Care of Steeridge Exquisit in the Spaniards and Portugals Cape Blanco Saint Ialmes Ilands alias Saint Annes Gannets Purslane Cherries Palmitos Purgatiues Artechoques or Prick-pears A good note to take or refuse vnknowâ— fruits Contagious water Waste losse of mâ—n Hawke burnt Sholes of Abrcoios Industry of the 〈…〉 ans They surprise 〈◊〉 French G 〈…〉 at Canoa San sebastian Wise stratagem The merry euents of a care full watch 〈◊〉 in the 〈◊〉 Palmito Iland The creatures Cape Frie. Ienero Little Iland Isla Grand Shels of mother of Pearle Price of Negroes Cassaui meale And for Beuerage The manner of planning Iuca With the labour of the women The description of Brasil Its Hauens Strang worme Variation of the Compasse The ouerthrow of the Voyage by a perfidious man The cunning of Runnawayes Birds like Swans Such the Hollanders found in the Straits which they called Mayres Caughâ— with Line Hooke Proue good refreshment Care of the Patagones Land vnknowne A descriâ—tion of the same A caueat for comming suddenly to neâ—re an vnknowne Land Point Tremountaine Faire Iland Conduit-head Hawkins Maidenland Beds of Oreweed with white flowres Our comming to the Straits Description thereof Pedro Sarmiento buildeth San Philip. Hogs Ilands of Pengwins Note Since it hath bin plainly found that all the South part are Ilands Good prouision in the Straits The description of the Pengwin Hunting the Pengwin The keeping for store The Guls. Ducks Cunning Architecture Their neatnes Of Seales or Sea-woolues Description of the Seale Their Sentinel The second peopling of the Spaniards Elizabeths Bay The Riuer of Ieroniâ—â— Another channell Blanches Bay Obiection of waste Answere Warning against wormes which eate througâ—sâ—aps Of sheathing ships In Spaine and Portugall with double plankes With Canuas With burnt plankes In china with Varnish in England Best manner of sheathing The Naturaâ— Long Reach Mouth of the Straits Note Tempest English Bay The natiues houses Sloth cause of imagination Tobias Coue. Setting of the ship vpon a Rocke To the laborious God propitious Crabby Coue. Gods gracious deliuerance Voyage ouerthrowne by giuing way to murderers Edward Fenton and Master Thomas Candish Master William Hawkins The mending of an vnseruiceable Anchor Entertainment of time to auoid idlenesse A kind of hot Spice in the Straits In gathering of Wiâ—ters Barke Of Pearles in the Straits Discourse of Pearles how they breed Preuention of Rats The calamities they bring to a ship Backwardnes in the company Cape Desire South part of the Straits Ilands
course of water Great Lake described and Riuer of the Irocois Chap. 7. The Lake of Argolesme 15. leagues A great Riuer Another small Riuer Two leagues 30. maâ— Ilands Wal nuts of two sorts Store of Vines Good Countries The Riuer of the Irocois Their manner of fortification with stakes Fiue Ilands This Riuer runneth almost South-west A Lake some fortie or fiftie leagues long in the Countrey of the Irocois The goodnesse and short winter of the Countrey of the Irocois Their arriual at the Sault or Fall of the Riuer of Canada the description thereof Cha. 8. Fruitfull Trees of many sorts Orignas are before said to bee like oxen perhaps Buffes Lâ—sâ—arbot that Orignacs are Ellans Wild beasts A pleasant I le Many Ilands Iuly 3. Many more Ilands The entrance of the Sault or Fall Anlle A greatt current of water Monâ—â—eur du Pont â—nd Monsicur du Champlaine search the Sanâ—â— Two great Ilands A kind of Lake some 5. leagues long 3. or 4. Mountaines on the South side Two Riuers The surie of the fall of water The Sault a league broad The swift current of the water aboue the Fall Ten Saults mâ—râ— Temperate aire and good soyle The Sault is in 45. degrees and certaine minutes A draught of the Sauages The first report of the Sauages touching the Head of the Riuer A Riuer running 60. leags into the Countrie of the Algeumequins A Lake of 15. leagues Another Lake of 4. leagues Fiue other Saults A Lake of 80. leagues long Brackish water * It seemeth hereby to trend soâ—thward The last Sault Another Lake 60. leagues long very brackish A Strait of 2. leagues broad Another mightie Lake The southerne situation of a great Lake The water as salt as sea water Many Riuers running south and north Hudsons Riuer may be one of these An exceediug great Riuer The south Sea Of Canada and of the number of the Fals and Lakes which it passeth by Chap. 9. Iuly 4. The Riuer of the Irocois Another report of the Algoumequin Sauages A Riuer or Lake 6. or 7. leagues long A Lake 150. leagues long A Riuer on the North side going toward the Algoumequins A Riuer on the south side Another exceeding great Lake A Sea the end whereof the Sauages neuer saw It seemeth to lie southward The I le Coudres The Ile Du Lieure or Of the Hare The third report made by a great Traueller A Lake 15. leagues long An exceeding great Lake 300 luagues long A very great Iland Brâ—ckish water More brackish water Whole salt water A great and maine Sea A Riuer which goeth to the Algoumequins A Mine of fine Copper Some 400. leagues from the first Sault to the South-sea Their Voyage from Tadousac to the I le percee of many Riuers Lakes and Câ—uâ—â—ries wherein are found sundry sorts of Mines Chap. 10. 100. leagues from Gachepay to â—adousac Armouchides Sagaâ—o The description of the Port of Cachepay The Bay of Cods The I le Percee The I le de Bonaduenture The Bay of Heate The Riuer of Mautanne Trâ—gate and Misamichy The Riuer Sourâ—ua A Mine of Copper An Iland A Strait betweene the Iles of Cape Breâ—oâ— and the maine Land Souricois A great Riuer on the South-west coast whereby th 〈…〉 e sauages inuade the 〈◊〉 Great Riuers and goo 〈…〉 〈…〉 ns on the câ—â—st◠〈◊〉 â—â—â—ridâ— or Virginiâ— A Riuer A Lake twenty leagues in compasse A metall like Siluer A Mine of Copper Our returne from the I le Percee to Tadousac with the description of the I le Grecks Ports Riuers 〈◊〉 R 〈…〉 Bayes 〈◊〉 Shoalds which are aâ—ong the North coast Chap 11. The North shoare The Riuer of Saâ—â—â— â—â—â—gâ—ret A sandy coast Very b 〈…〉 Countries A point that sunneth into the sea A good Creek where many ships may ride A Bay A Creeke Two little low Ilands Lesqueuim a very bad Port The Riuer where the Basks kill the whales Our arriuall at Tadousac the 3. of August Of the Aâ—mouchâ—cois Sauages and of their monstrous shape The discourse of Monsteur de Preâ—â—re of Saint Malo touching the discoucrie of the South-west Coast. Câ— 12. The Ceremonies which they vse before they go to the warres Their departure from Tadousac Armoâ—â—hicâ—iâ— deformed Sauages The Souricois The Relation of the Copper Myne on the South Coast. Another Mine Blacke painting An I le wherein another kind of Metall is found which is white being cut Other Mynes The description of the place where the said Myne is A good Hauen at the Copper Mynes Their returne Chap. 13. Câ—pe Rase The Banke The sounding Vshant The rest of thi Pâ—rentis here for breuitie omitted with the Prouisoes c. And let not Englishmen feare want of roome for French Plantations or Sauage habitations these being very thin the other scarse worrhy the name of being or plantation hauing so many interruptions and more frequented by the French in way of Trade with Sauages then otherwise I haue omitted many digressions and discourses of the Authour only for knowledge of those parts presenting the briefe summe of his most ample Worke. His Map but for cost I would haue here added I haue diuers by me which I take more exact I am sure with many many particulers wanting in his And both his Mappe and Discourse shew that the French discouered not so neere Virginia as Hudsons Riuer and that the French Plantations haue beene more Noreherly farte then our Northerne Virginia and to the Southerne not a shadow in compa 〈…〉 of 〈◊〉 and numbers Lay Baye Francoise The Riuer of L' Equille Port Royall A Copper Myne In the 28. and 29. Chap. of the second Booke of the whole Volume vntranslated Things first to be prouided in new plantation Note This French Author was a Romish Catholike which yet speakes thus freely of the Spaniards Esay 52. vers 〈◊〉 Hatâ—â—â—y see sup Casâ—s Diamonds Turkie stones S. Iohns Riuer 1608. Vines Great Crapes among the Armouchiquois Abundance of fishes The commoditie of Voyaging by the Riuer The I le of S. Croix twâ—ntie leagues from S. Iohns Riuer Returne to the Bay of S. Mary where the lost man was fouÌ„d againe The Long I le Cheries The description of the I le of Saint Croix The fruitfulnesse of the soyle The Iland halfe a league in compasse Store of Muscles The returne of Monsieur du Poutrincourt into France The building at the I le of S. Croix Three discommodities in wintering at S. Croix Wickednesse of many Christians The Riuer of Roan Vnknown sicknesses viz. the Scorbute or Scuruie the greatest plague of Nauigations and new Plantations Fortifications and Garrisons besieged where want of fresh diet and of bodily labour or too much labour and watching with grosse aires in the Countries ouergrowne with wood or with marishes bogs and vnwholâ—ome waters are chiefe breedersthereof The Author hath made a long discourse of this disease the chiefe points whereof are here expressed for the benefit of our English Colonies in America in which I doubt not many
fellow Aâ— 14. or 〈◊〉 miles Christall Rock Ayre and Seasons Note well Feare is the beginning of piety ciuility What vse may be made of the Natiues Possown a strange beast Flying Squirrels Fowle Fish Nets The Lottery * To 100. 200. 300. 1000. 2000. and the highest 4500. crownes Spanish Ships aâ— Virginia English Pilatâ— oâ— Iudas rather suspended and exalted together according to his meâ—â—â— Cap Y 〈…〉 〈◊〉 ◠〈◊〉 Hitherto from Capt. Smith See my Pil. l. 8. c. 5. See my Pilg. vbi sup Powhatans remoue Virginian yeers which perhaps occasioned the conceits of their longevity A. 1617. Cap. Argolls gouernment 1618. Great drought L. De-la-Wars last voyages and death Plowing and Corne in Virginia Killingbeck slain Powhatans death Sir Edwin Sands Treasurer Sir George Yerdley Gouernour Profit to be made in Virginia Seuerall Burroughs Patent three times renewed Ships People Commodities Gifts Patents Cap. I. Smith Sir Edw. Sands was Treasurer from Ap. 1619. till Iun. 16â—0 Master Stockams Letter to Master Whitaker before 1620. Hollanders colours The Spaniards shot at the boat They shot at the Ship English vnprepared for fight Spanish aduantages Spanish colors Their conference Insolence of the Spaniards The English fight Spaniards seeke to enter Their repulse Second charge Third charge Their Captain slaine Lucas his braue act The case altered Omnium reâ—urâ— vicissitudo The English could 〈◊〉 but foure Ordnance Spaniards fall off Brauado turned English Next dayes fight The Vice-Admirall seeketh to recouer the Iland and the qualitie Sana Doctor Bohune and seuen others slaine out-right Spanish losse Spanish ships described Beads Maids Magazine Furre-trade Boat-builders East Indie Schoole Iron Cotton Indico Vines Silke and Mulberies Plum-drinke Salt-workes New Discoueties by M. Pory Copper Mine Summer Iland Plants 3570. people sent to Virginia in the three last yeeres 42. Saile of ships 1200. Mariners imployed 1500. To the Summer Ilands Nine ships 240. Mariners imployed Forrest of Pines M. Hariot in his Booke of Virginia A. 1585. Vines planted Note A China Boxe seene with the Sauages M. Berkley M. G. Sandys French Vignerous Mulberies The Booke is printed containing many good rules both for Silk works Vines othâ—r husbandry but too long here to be inserted Hasty security Opachankanoes dissimulation occasioned by English security 347. slaine and basely murthered some think more He had written letters the year before May 17 testifying the plentiful comming vp of the Cotten seede c. attributing the ill successe of things to the not seeking of Gods glory in conuerting the Natiues which he said were peace able wanted but meanes indeed to murther them which this conceit procured Sure binde sure find Pitty such an Abel should be so Kaiâ— deceiued Conuerted Indian Manner of the Sauages life Gunpowder sowne practised before in Captain Smiths time Cap. Ioh Smith M. Pâ—rie Naked breast concealed beast Prouident Sauages Iack of the Feather Câ—uâ—e of the Massacre M. Gookins M. Iordan Mistris Procter Sup. cap. 6. Saint Georges Iland Three men had staied behind and went not to Virginia Harter Water and Chard Commodites of the Countrie Fishes Tortoises great and of great vse Fowle Hogs by reason of their food there and our mens stomackes extraordinarily sweet The weather Fruits Peares not hurtfull Cedar Berries Palmitos Pepper Palme-liquor Ambergreece and Pearle Tobacco Silk-spider Timber Trees * I haue omitted the rest of this discourse as being better knowne to later Writers Ambergreece Rat-plague How vaine a thing is man whose best wits and industry are triumphed ouer by silly Rats Great God giue vs grace to feare thee that we may feare nothing else else shall we feare with Pharao Frogs Lice Flies Grashopper or with others Fleas Sparrowes â— Yea a few Rats in despite of Cats Dogs Traps poisons shall starue vs. The Feagâ— Cap. Tucker Whales Shares Wels. The Aire TeÌ„perature of the Countrey Spiders Inueniuntur opes irritamenta malorum Flies Ants. Wormes Lizards Spiders Fowles Moores Forts Master Keath Church built Supplies sent An. 1613. M. Barklie Increase of Potatos Spanish Ships Escapes from dangers Rats M. Barklies second coming 1614. Famine and sicknesse Rauens Contrary extreme Gouernment by a Counsell Caldicots lot M. Keath and M. Hughes Strange accident Andrew Hilliaras aduentures M. Tucker 1616. Tribes laid oâ—â— Assises The Gouernours Admirable voyage His course was neerer shoare with all prouisions fitting Small Boat from Bermudas commeth to Ireland Sanders his fortunes Cap. Powell 1617. Hurt by Rats filling all the Iland Gallowes clappers fate 1618. Magazines not so profitable as intended Escapers not escaping Two ships sent Cap. Butler Gouernour 1619. Great stormes Ambergreece New platforme Ministers scruples Sir George Summers memorial Their first Parliament Spanish Wrack These made false reports in England the Spanish Embasadoâ—r also vrging the same till the contraâ—ie was manifested Weauells cure Forts Ordnance in Bermudas M. Bernard Gouernour 1622. M. Harrison Gouernour 1623. Wormes noysome He mentions in other letters 3. s. a pound of Butter 6. d. rea dy monie for a pinte of Milke 10 s. or 12. s. a day for a workman Carpenter besides meate and lodging Corteregalis made a voiage to thosâ— parts An. 1500. and another 1501. After that his brother but both lost Gomes another Portugal sought straits ther. An. 1525. The land was called Terra Corteregalis from 60. deg to S. Laurence Iesuites * I haue heard that Sir T. Dale was the Gouernor of Virginia and â—â—â—t him Iesuite killed The South Sea suspected as before in Dermers l 〈…〉 ter by Sauages relations 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aâ—at Of God and the image of God in Man Gen. 1. 1. Eph. 4. 24. Gen 1. 28. Gen. 9. 2. Gen. 2. Esay 53. 1. Cor. 3. Apoc. 21. 〈◊〉 Cor. 15. Of the right of Christians and that of Heathens to the world See these things more fully handled in To. 1. l. 1. c. 1. §. 3 4. 5. Ioh. 8. 35. 36. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1. Tim. 1. 6. Christians may not spoile Heathens Gal. 3. 17. Tit. 1. Matth. 5. Iohn 19. 36. 2. Cor. 10. 4. Matth. 16. Iud. 8. 2. Pet. 2. 19. Iohn 19. 11. Rom. 13. 1. Gen. 11. Acts 17. 27. Deut. 2. 9 19. 1. Cor. 3. 1. Cor. 13. Matth. 5. 1. Pet. 3. Mans naturall right in places either wholly or in great part not inhabited Abraham Lot Iacob c. I haue heard by one which I thinke hath more searched the Countrie then any other Cap. Smith that in â—eere so much as all England they haue not aboue 5000. men able to bear armes which manured and ciuilly planted might well nourish 1500000. and many many more as appeareth by this oâ—â— câ—untrie not hauing so rich a naturall Inheritance Right of Merchandise 1. Cor 11. 21. Securitie of Ports Gen. 10. Rom. 2. 14. Right Nationall Ius gentium Lucan Right by righâ— conquest 2. Sam. 10. Deut. 2. 19. Englands ma 〈…〉 〈…〉 hts to Virginia First discouery Mercator D. d ee Ortel c. M. Thorne
Frost and Snow Sepulchre opened Two houses Houshold stuffe Third discouerie Extreme cold Gramâ—us Bay Thâ—y found Grampuses dead two inches thicke of fat and fiue or six paces long A good Harbour Two great Wolues Thunder Conference with Sauages Patuxet People all dead of a plague Masasoyts Nausites Hunts wickednesse Sâ—uâ—geâ— dâ—sâ—ribed The agreements of peace betweene vs and Massasoyt A iourney to Packanokik the Habitation of the Great King Massasoyâ— 1621. Great plague Royall entertainment Games Hungrie fare A Voyage made by ten of our men oâ—the Kingdome of Nauset to seek a Boy that had lost himselfe in the Woods with such accidents as besell vs in that Voyage The Boy is restored Snakes skin defiance Towne impaled Tisquantum trechâ—â—y Plagy 〈◊〉 Master Westons planters which plâ—id the wâ—sps with English and Sauages Two Ships Helpe f 〈…〉 Master Iones A Plague Note Honest Sauages Namasket Manomet Sauages great gamsters Iust iealousie Base Summer and Winter Dutch Ship Visitations of the sicke Reports of Massassowats death His commendation Miserable comforters He reuealeth the trechery of the Massachusets Their name of God Indians into lence Sauages slain Sauage Englishmen An. 1623. Great drought Publike Fast. Gracious dewes Indians coniuration M. Tomson a Scot his Plantation Day of thanks Two Ships Their Religion The meaning of the word â—â—eâ—tan I think hath reference â—o Antiquity for Chise is an old man and Kiâ—hchise a man that exceedeâ—h in agâ— Iâ—e maledicti Their Deuill Powah or Priest Offerings Sacrifices Burnt offring The Deuill keeps his seruants poore Their Knights Pnieses valourous counsellours Bitter trialls Sachim or Lords Tribu 〈…〉 Mourning foâ— the dead Burialls Womens slauery Manhood Names Maids wiues Adulterie and whooredome Theft Murther Crying a cowards note Apparell Wittie people Their Arts. Note Language Registers The Country New England an Iland Seasons Dayes Soyle Corne * For the Description incouragements to this designe and for better knowledge of New Scotland besides a Book purposely published by the Honourable learned Author who at other weapons hath plaied his Muses prizes and giuen the world ample testimony of his learning you may read our 8. Booke from the sixt Chapter forwards the last two Chapiters of the ninth Booke that description of the Countrey of Mawâ—oshen which I haue added hereto An. 1623. Lukes Bay Fit place for a Plantation Port Iolly Port Negro This description of Mawooshen I had amongst M. Hakluyts papers Climate and quantitie Tarantines are said to be the same with the Souriquois 1. Quibequesson Riuer Asticon Sagamo A great Lake 2. Pâ—maquid riuer A great Lake Anadabis Three townes Bashabes Caiocame 3. Ramassoc Panobscâ—t a Towne 4. Apanawapeske 5. Apanmensek A Lâ—ke Another Lake All the Lakes full of Fish Beeues and sweet Rats 6. Aponeg 7. Aponeg 8. Sagadahoc Here C. Popham builâ— S. Georges Fort and planted Great Sound Tâ—o Lakes A great Iland Kenebeke 9. Ashamabaga 10. Shawakâ—toc A Lake foure dayes iourney long 2 broad Voyage in eight daies Fishermens kinde assistances State of the weather in Autumne and Winter I haue by me a written iournall declaring the winde and weather of euery day from 24. Nouember 1610. till the last of Aprill 1611. but thought it would seeme ted ous the substance thereof being here contained Moderate Frosta Spring Healthfulnes Homicide dieth for thought Imployment of the Colony English Corne Fowle and Cattle prosper there Medow Deere Copper kettle Their houses described Their Oares Sauages Their fashions Their Canoas The situation of the Country The temperature of the Ayre The Inhabitanes with their nature and customes The conueniency of the Bayes in that Countrie Commodious Ilands worthy Harbours Trinitie Harbor affording diuers good commodities Sauages liuing neer to Trinitie Harbour The bottoms of diuers Baies meeting neere together The Harbour of Trepassey lying commodiously The fertiltie of the soyle Seuerall sorts of Fruits there growing Herbs Flowers both pleasant and medicinable Corn growing there yeelding good increase Store of Deere other Beasts A rare example of the gentle nature of the Beasts of that Country M Guies Mastâ—â—e Greyhound vsed a Wolfe there more doggedly one pulling out the throat the other the belly Great store of Land Fowle Water Fowle Penguins Fresh water and Springs Many sorts of Timber there growing Good hope of Mines and making of Iron and Pitch Fish in great abundance Cod-fishing a great hope of benefit therefrom The benefit arising to France Spaine and Italy from fishing vpon those coasts 250. saile of Shipslying vpon that coast Anno 1615. What the valew of the Fish con tained in most Ships did amount vnto The relief that the trading there will afford to seuerall sorts of people * After this the author vseth reasons to perswade to a Plantation there which I haue omitted as busied in history The Book is common to such as desire to reade it I haue also omit ted his Admiralty commission and proceedings Commoditieâ— vsed by the Natiues This was the last Letter sent into England the yeere before 1621. They were but twelue men all the last Winter vnti 〈…〉 the new supply came in the Spring following Temperate Winter Bristow Plantation Salt made there Abuses of Fishermen The Fiâ—â—ts sâ—â— forth by queen Elizabeth Sup. pag. 108◠〈◊〉 Aâ—â—â— 17. 6. Her persecution from the Papacie from the wombe In queen Maries daies French wrongs Q. Elizabeths prosperitie See of Gods mercies in this other kinds the B. of Chichister his Religious Tractate of Thanksgiuing See also Camdens Elizabetha and others Anuales of her Reigne Arthur Poole of the house of George Duke of Clarence Ann. 1569. Pius his impious Bull. Irish action Don Iohn base son of Charles Emperour 1576. A. 1572. Greg. 13. confirmeth the sentence against Q. Elis-Stuklys trea on A. 1578. 1579. 1580. Sanders Author of the booke De visiâ— Monarch of the forged tale De schismate Anglicano in which he abuseth the queens Mother with grosse lies neuer before een or dreams of by the sharpest and spitefullesâ— eyes which Malice could entertain euen then when she was most malicious most serpent sighted * 15â—3 * 1584. Mendoza Throckmorton Creighton papers Assoâ—iation Pâ—â—ries treason Allens booke Earle of Northumberland Burks Ilandeys â—â—i s in Ireland Babington c. French Embassadâ—urs plot with Moody Lopez Luke 8. 29. Rome Citie of murthers haters of kings * Plin. l. 7. c. 25. * See to 1. l. 8. 〈◊〉 1. 〈◊〉 3. 4. 6. l. 2. c. 1 to 2. l. 8. c. 4. c. Present Rome greater manstaier Saintslaier then the Ethnike Priests agents in euery treason The Pope Master Workman Allen or Alan was by Spanish procurement made Cardinall for this purpose and to this purpose had written a violent booke which heartned Parry to vndertake to kil the Queen He and Bristow Martin were Authors of the Rhemish Translation and Notes of the N. T. Papall pretended causes of depriuing the Queene Fugitiues impotent Zeale