and_o many_o other_o superstition_n they_o seem_v to_o have_v borrow_v from_o the_o roman_n who_o come_v into_o this_o country_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o palaemon_n hence_o they_o use_v to_o burn_v their_o dead_a expect_v say_v cajalowicz_n part_n i._o hist_n lithv_n lib._n 5._o p._n 140._o a_o resurrection_n out_o of_o the_o ash_n at_o the_o come_n of_o a_o strange_a god_n to_o judge_v the_o whole_a earth_n from_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o their_o mountain_n from_o these_o idolatrous_a practice_n they_o be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n their_o great_a duke_n who_o a._n d._n 1386_o upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o hedvig_a queen_n of_o poland_n turn_v christian_n and_o be_v baptize_v at_o cracow_n by_o john_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o very_a pious_a and_o zealous_a prince_n and_o exceed_v diligent_a in_o bring_v over_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n at_o the_o first_o he_o meet_v with_o no_o small_a opposition_n but_o when_o the_o king_n have_v cut_v down_o their_o tall_a tree_n the_o temple_n of_o their_o heathenish_a god_n and_o not_o mischief_n befall_v he_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o think_v their_o idol_n will_v never_o take_v this_o affront_n if_o able_a to_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v resolve_v to_o listen_v to_o their_o prince_n advice_n whereupon_o the_o king_n immediate_o build_v a_o cathedral_n and_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o vilna_n and_o the_o queen_n furnish_v seven_o parish_n church_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n with_o chalice_n vestment_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n for_o divine_a service_n the_o russian_n at_o that_o time_n as_o most_o of_o they_o be_v still_o be_v member_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n so_o that_o the_o king_n think_v good_a to_o forbid_v marriage_n with_o a_o russ_n that_o will_v not_o conform_v to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n at_o this_o day_n many_o lithvanians_n be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n though_o more_o of_o the_o roman_a in_o vilna_n and_o several_a other_o great_a town_n vast_a number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v lutheran_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o palatinate_n the_o metropolis_n and_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v vilna_n the_o next_o be_v the_o palatinate_n of_o troki_n 3._o minsko_n 4._o novogrod_n 5._o breast_n 6._o volhinia_n 7._o kiow_n 8._o miecislaw_n 9_o vitebsk_v 10._o poloxko_n vilna_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n vilensski_n by_o the_o german_n die_v wild_a have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v the_o house_n be_v general_o low_a and_o mean_a all_o of_o wood_n except_v only_o in_o some_o street_n where_o merchant_n of_o other_o nation_n that_o resort_n hither_o for_o trade_n have_v build_v themselves_o more_o then_o ordinary_a gentile_a one_o of_o stone_n most_o of_o the_o church_n be_v of_o stone_n some_o of_o wood_n the_o suburb_n be_v not_o build_v here_o as_o at_o other_o city_n in_o europe_n but_o round_o the_o wall_n in_o a_o confuse_a and_o disorderly_a manner_n every_o man_n place_v his_o house_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o wooden_a booth_n where_o he_o please_v the_o citizen_n be_v exceed_o poor_a and_o idle_a slave_n to_o their_o noble_n and_o their_o belly_n they_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o great_a lover_n of_o onion_n and_o garlic_n which_o kind_n of_o diet_n help_v by_o their_o smoky_a house_n blind_v half_o of_o they_o before_o they_o arrive_v at_o any_o considerable_a age_n their_o excessive_a intemperance_n in_o drink_v breed_v continual_a quarrel_n among_o they_o if_o a_o stranger_n be_v kill_v in_o any_o such_o broil_n the_o murderer_n pay_v only_o sixteen_o dollar_n as_o a_o mulct_n if_o a_o lithvanian_a be_v slay_v and_o the_o murderer_n fly_v it_o be_v usual_a to_o preserve_v the_o dead_a corpse_n embalm_v till_o they_o can_v apprehend_v the_o fugitive_n who_o they_o can_v condemn_v without_o show_v he_o the_o carcase_n of_o he_o he_o slay_v there_o be_v not_o one_o public_a hospital_n in_o the_o whole_a city_n though_o it_o stand_v in_o more_o need_n of_o such_o a_o provision_n then_o any_o place_n in_o europe_n if_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o the_o swarm_n of_o beggar_n every_o street_n afford_v the_o only_a piece_n of_o neat_a building_n be_v the_o monastery_n of_o bernardine_n monk_n all_o of_o hew_a stone_n the_o moscovian_a company_n of_o merchant_n have_v also_o a_o considerable_o handsome_a structure_n build_v for_o a_o repository_n of_o fur_n ermine_n and_o other_o rich_a merchandise_n bring_v from_o moscow_n the_o great_a duke_n palace_n have_v nothing_o of_o note_n in_o it_o but_o the_o armoury_n which_o be_v admirable_o furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n and_o armour_n consider_v that_o lithvania_n itself_o afford_v no_o mine_n of_o brass_n or_o iron_n about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o vilna_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v another_o palace_n call_v from_o its_o situation_n wersupa_n that_o be_v near_o the_o water_n build_v by_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n all_o of_o wood_n and_o beautify_v with_o a_o park_n and_o pleasant_a orchard_n and_o garden_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lithvania_n have_v little_a in_o they_o observable_a save_v that_o they_o give_v title_n to_o palatine_n and_o duke_n what_o number_n there_o be_v of_o these_o last_o may_v be_v easy_o guess_v by_o what_o be_v report_v of_o vitoldus_n once_o great_a duke_n that_o he_o have_v no_o less_o than_o fifty_o duke_n at_o once_o in_o his_o army_n samogitia_n this_o country_n have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o situation_n which_o be_v low_a and_o wet_a samogitz_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n signify_v a_o marshy_a ground_n whence_o the_o moscovite_n call_v it_o samotzkasemla_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o liefland_n on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o some_o part_n of_o prussia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v continual_o overflow_v with_o river_n and_o lake_n unpassable_a but_o in_o a_o frost_n the_o rest_n of_o it_o be_v full_a of_o wood_n which_o afford_v good_a store_n of_o honey_n pure_a and_o better_a than_o any_o in_o lithvania_n or_o liefland_n the_o inhabitant_n differ_v little_a from_o the_o lithvanians_n either_o in_o manner_n habit_n or_o language_n they_o be_v sottish_o ignorant_a gross_o superstitious_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o use_v no_o plough_n in_o till_v their_o ground_n but_o dig_v it_o up_o with_o spade_n or_o stick_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o some_o part_n of_o moscovy_n when_o one_o of_o their_o governor_n have_v observe_v how_o far_o his_o countryman_n be_v outdo_v in_o their_o husbandry_n by_o other_o nation_n endeavour_v to_o teach_v they_o the_o art_n of_o plough_v it_o chance_v that_o for_o two_o year_n after_o their_o crop_n be_v not_o so_o rich_a as_o former_o it_o have_v be_v whereupon_o the_o people_n attribute_v the_o miscarriage_n to_o the_o new_a device_n grow_v so_o enrage_v that_o the_o governor_n be_v glad_a to_o decry_v the_o experiment_n for_o fear_n of_o a_o insurrection_n when_o vladislaus_n jagello_n have_v convert_v the_o great_a part_n of_o lithvania_n he_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v the_o samogitian_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o resolution_n he_o go_v himself_o into_o this_o country_n and_o burn_v up_o their_o hallow_a grove_n and_o destroy_v the_o serpent_n and_o other_o creature_n they_o worship_v with_o threat_n and_o promise_v make_v they_o vow_n to_o abandon_v their_o former_a idolatry_n and_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n and_o for_o fear_v that_o when_o his_o back_n be_v turn_v they_o may_v relapse_n into_o their_o former_a heathenism_n he_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o mzdniki_n endow_v it_o with_o a_o revenue_n sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o bishop_n and_o twelve_o prebend_n who_o be_v to_o officiate_v at_o so_o many_o parish_n church_n in_o and_o about_o the_o city_n howbeit_o the_o good_a king_n be_v not_o so_o successful_a in_o his_o undertake_n nor_o his_o successor_n so_o vigilant_a in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o design_n but_o that_o to_o this_o day_n many_o poor_a ignorant_a idolater_n may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o desert_a part_n of_o this_o country_n these_o like_o the_o lithvanians_n speak_v of_o before_o worship_v a_o four_o footed_a serpent_n about_o three_o hand_n long_o call_v in_o their_o tongue_n givosit_n without_o one_o of_o these_o household_n god_n you_o shall_v scarce_o find_v a_o family_n if_o any_o mischief_n befall_v they_o they_o think_v it_o be_v because_o the_o little_a deity_n have_v not_o be_v well_o attend_v another_o piece_n of_o heathenish_a superstition_n be_v still_o retain_v by_o the_o rustic_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o
and_o overreach_v one_o another_o in_o bargain_v they_o especial_o the_o woman_n be_v jealous_a of_o all_o stranger_n whatsoever_o and_o be_v conscious_a how_o much_o their_o simplicity_n expose_v they_o to_o the_o craft_n of_o other_o they_o be_v revengeful_a and_o desperate_a endeavour_v to_o prevent_v any_o mischief_n that_o may_v seem_v to_o threaten_v they_o by_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o person_n that_o cause_v the_o suspicion_n and_o this_o they_o do_v frequent_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o magic_n and_o the_o help_n of_o the_o devil_n as_o be_v say_v of_o one_o who_o attempt_v often_o to_o mischieve_v his_o enemy_n who_o be_v secure_v by_o his_o countercharm_n after_o long_o lie_v in_o wait_n for_o he_o at_o last_o watch_v his_o opportunity_n and_o find_v he_o asleep_o under_o a_o great_a rock_n by_o his_o spell_n split_v it_o upon_o he_o and_o so_o bury_v he_o under_o it_o they_o be_v also_o note_v to_o be_v of_o a_o censorious_a and_o detract_n humour_n covetous_a and_o yet_o lazy_a withal_o so_o that_o where_o the_o soil_n may_v be_v improve_v they_o often_o through_o idleness_n let_v it_o lie_v barren_a and_o uncultivated_a they_o seldom_o take_v pain_n so_o much_o as_o to_o hunt_v or_o fish_n till_o pinch_v by_o want_n and_o necessity_n consequent_a to_o these_o quality_n they_o be_v stubborn_a undutiful_a to_o parent_n when_o old_a lustful_a all_o except_o the_o marry_a people_n lie_v promiscuous_o together_o in_o one_o hut_n without_o any_o difference_n of_o age_n sex_n or_o condition_n and_o subject_n to_o whatever_o vice_n attend_v a_o idle_a and_o unthinking_a life_n yet_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o enormity_n and_o depravation_n of_o manner_n some_o good_a quality_n be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o they_o as_o their_o great_a veneration_n and_o respect_n for_o marriage_n which_o they_o seldom_o or_o never_o violate_v their_o abhorrence_n of_o theft_n which_o be_v remarkable_a in_o that_o they_o do_v keep_v their_o hand_n from_o pilfer_a have_v so_o good_a opportunity_n to_o the_o contrary_a there_o be_v no_o secure_a magazine_n nor_o lock_n and_o key_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n but_o merchant_n leave_v their_o good_n oftentimes_o in_o the_o open_a field_n defend_v by_o some_o cover_n from_o the_o weather_n not_o at_o all_o from_o the_o treachery_n of_o any_o dispose_v to_o be_v thievish_a their_o hospitality_n to_o stranger_n and_o those_o in_o distress_n be_v very_o remarkable_a they_o receive_v they_o into_o their_o hut_n liberal_o afford_v they_o the_o best_a cheer_n they_o have_v and_o often_o charitable_o supply_v they_o with_o stock_n to_o traffic_v lend_v money_n gratis_o without_o any_o usury_n and_o such_o like_a good_a deed_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v happy_a fruit_n spring_v up_o in_o some_o of_o they_o since_o the_o plantation_n of_o our_o holy_a religion_n among_o they_o the_o ignorance_n and_o gross_a superstition_n among_o the_o native_n very_o much_o disappear_v since_o the_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n be_v know_v to_o they_o concern_v the_o religion_n of_o the_o laplander_n we_o may_v observe_v what_o progress_n they_o have_v make_v in_o christianity_n since_o it_o be_v plant_v among_o they_o as_o also_o what_o be_v the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o worship_n proper_a to_o these_o northern_a nation_n for_o the_o relic_n of_o heathenish_a superstition_n among_o some_o of_o they_o to_o this_o day_n seem_v to_o be_v only_o rake_v up_o under_o the_o ember_n ready_a to_o flame_n out_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o strict_a government_n of_o the_o swede_n they_o worship_v they_o know_v not_o what_o but_o they_o call_v he_o jumala_n or_o jomala_n a_o word_n which_o they_o use_v now_o for_o the_o true_a god_n as_o they_o do_v before_o for_o the_o supreme_a entity_n another_o god_n also_o they_o worship_v under_o the_o name_n of_o turrisas_n or_o turrisas_a the_o prince_n of_o the_o ass_n or_o asiatic_o whence_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o they_o conserve_v some_o knowledge_n of_o their_o migration_n together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o scandian_o out_o of_o asia_n under_o woden_n several_a other_o distinct_a god_n they_o have_v on_o different_a occasion_n as_o to_o preside_v over_o ry_o barley_n oates_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n who_o they_o worship_v in_o finland_n but_o have_v not_o any_o occasion_n for_o after_o their_o banishment_n one_o also_o for_o tempest_n one_o to_o protect_v their_o cattle_n another_o to_o command_v wolf_n squirrel_n and_o such_o like_a ridiculous_a deity_n jumala_fw-mi be_v represent_v under_o the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n sit_v upon_o a_o altar_n with_o a_o crown_n upon_o his_o head_n adorn_v with_o twelve_o gem_n and_o a_o golden_a chain_n about_o his_o neck_n to_o which_o be_v fasten_v a_o large_a jewel_n call_v from_o its_o figure_n man_n or_o mene_n i._n e._n a_o moon_n upon_o his_o knee_n stand_v a_o large_a golden_a dish_n into_o which_o they_o cast_v their_o offering_n and_o this_o dish_n they_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o finland_n for_o when_o they_o lose_v it_o they_o can_v never_o procure_v another_o his_o temple_n be_v in_o the_o wood_n not_o build_v with_o any_o roof_n but_o only_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n fence_v as_o the_o old_a roman_a temple_n be_v this_o god_n be_v in_o time_n find_v useless_a be_v at_o last_o casheard_v and_o the_o deity_n in_o great_a reputation_n among_o they_o at_o this_o day_n be_v those_o thing_n from_o which_o they_o think_v they_o receive_v the_o great_a benefit_n as_o the_o sun_n fire_n and_o such_o like_a of_o which_o more_o by_o and_o by_o all_o the_o heathenish_a religion_n the_o laplander_n retain_v to_o this_o day_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o head_n go_n their_o heathenish_a go_n magical_a and_o paganish_a or_o superstitious_a and_o diabolical_a those_o superstition_n they_o intermix_v with_o christianity_n we_o shall_v speak_v of_o under_o religion_n as_o it_o be_v christian_n of_o their_o god_n some_o be_v public_a and_o common_a to_o the_o whole_a country_n other_o private_a and_o belong_v only_o to_o a_o division_n neighbourhood_n or_o some_o one_o particular_a family_n all_o which_o have_v their_o several_a name_n those_o of_o lapponia_n pithensis_n and_o luhlensis_n have_v their_o great_a and_o lesser_a god_n the_o great_a to_o who_o they_o pay_v especial_a worship_n be_v thor_n storejunkare_o the_o sun_n and_o some_o add_v fire_n which_o may_v seem_v not_o a_o distinct_a deity_n but_o only_o a_o emblem_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o lesser_a common_a also_o to_o the_o tornenses_n be_v worship_v under_o one_o name_n except_o only_o that_o which_o they_o call_v wira_n accha_n signify_v a_o livonian_a old_a woman_n which_o at_o first_o be_v only_o a_o old_a stump_n of_o a_o tree_n but_o now_o its_o godship_n be_v quite_o rot_a and_o mouldered_a away_o they_o worship_v also_o the_o ghost_n of_o man_n their_o friend_n especial_o depart_v and_o think_v some_o divinity_n to_o be_v in_o they_o as_o the_o roman_n fancy_v to_o be_v in_o their_o mane_n spectres_fw-la also_o and_o demon_n be_v adore_v by_o they_o which_o they_o say_v wander_v among_o rock_n wood_n river_n and_o lake_n as_o the_o roman_a fauni_n sylvani_n and_o tritone_n be_v say_v to_o have_v do_v the_o genii_n also_o good_a and_o bad_a which_o they_o suppose_v to_o fly_v in_o the_o air_n about_o christmas_n and_o they_o call_v they_o juh_o from_o juhl_n a_o word_n still_o in_o use_n among_o the_o northern_a english_a denote_v at_o present_a christmas_n but_o former_o the_o new-year_n some_o god_n also_o there_o be_v common_a to_o the_o whole_a country_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v thor_n or_o as_o the_o swede_n call_v he_o thordoen_n and_o the_o lap_n themselves_o sometime_o tierme_n i._n e._n thunderer_n or_o noise-maker_n his_o proper_a place_n be_v think_v to_o be_v in_o the_o cloud_n and_o wind_n rain_n thunder_n good_a as_o well_o as_o bad_a weather_n to_o be_v at_o his_o disposal_n the_o roman_n can_v not_o have_v great_a thought_n of_o their_o jupiter_n than_o the_o laplander_n have_v of_o their_o thor_n whereupon_o they_o give_v he_o many_o great_a and_o honourable_a title_n as_o aijeke_v great-grand-father_n etc._n etc._n to_o he_o belong_v the_o arbitrement_n of_o life_n and_o death_n health_n and_o sickness_n he_o can_v also_o restrain_v whatsoever_o be_v injurious_a and_o give_v whatever_o be_v beneficial_a or_o advantageous_a to_o man_n so_o as_o the_o thread_n of_o man_n life_n be_v suppose_v by_o the_o ancient_n to_o be_v tie_v to_o jove_n chair_n they_o fancy_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o this_o god_n to_o lengthen_v and_o shorten_v it_o as_o he_o please_v that_o they_o can_v die_v except_o he_o give_v leave_v nor_o can_v have_v have_v a_o be_v but_o by_o his_o permission_n that_o it_o be_v he_o that_o drive_v away_o those_o daemon_n from_o the_o rock_n and_o mountain_n that_o be_v enemy_n
seem_v plain_a from_o the_o argument_n and_o authority_n of_o learned_a man_n before_o allege_v it_o will_v be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o evince_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o assertion_n that_o the_o getes_n and_o goth_n together_o with_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o danish_a isle_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n be_v original_o one_o and_o the_o same_o nation_n it_o be_v true_a in_o some_o small_a island_n in_o and_o near_o the_o finnic_a gulf_n the_o people_n use_v a_o language_n altogether_o unintelligible_a to_o a_o true_a dane_n or_o swede_n but_o further_a westward_o the_o language_n speak_v in_o all_o the_o baltic_a island_n be_v so_o many_o dialect_v of_o the_o gothic_a tongue_n and_o the_o old_a runic_a monument_n daily_o find_v in_o most_o province_n of_o the_o danish_a and_o swedish_n dominion_n prove_v manifest_o the_o same_o word_n and_o character_n to_o have_v be_v use_v in_o schonen_fw-mi jutland_n and_o the_o intermediate_v island_n from_o the_o difference_n of_o manner_n custom_n habit_n etc._n etc._n in_o these_o isle_n no_o more_o can_v be_v concluclude_v then_o that_o some_o want_v the_o convenience_n of_o traffic_n and_o correspondence_n with_o other_o nation_n be_v force_v to_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o rude_a and_o ungentile_a way_n of_o live_v teach_v they_o by_o their_o homebred_a ancestor_n whilst_o other_o who_o lay_v more_o in_o the_o road_n of_o merchant-ship_n must_v needs_o insensible_o admit_v of_o a_o daily_a alteration_n both_o in_o manner_n and_o language_n norway_n what_o the_o edda_n name_n name_n and_o other_o mythological_a writer_n tell_v we_o of_o nor_n son_n of_o their_o god_n thor_n &_o grandchild_n to_o woden_n the_o first_o grand_a captain_n of_o the_o norwegian_n from_o who_o that_o people_n and_o their_o country_n fetch_v say_v these_o man_n their_o name_n merit_n just_a as_o much_o credit_n as_o the_o danish_a story_n of_o their_o king_n dan._n the_o truth_n be_v norway_n or_o norweg_v as_o the_o german_n write_v it_o whence_o the_o latin_a word_n norwegia_fw-la be_v only_o via_fw-la seu_fw-la tractus_fw-la septentrionalis_fw-la i._n e._n a_o country_n situate_v towards_o the_o north._n hence_o in_o the_o danish_a swedish_n &_o norvegian_a tongue_n it_o be_v to_o this_o day_n call_v norrike_v or_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n pliny_n nerigon_n be_v only_o a_o corruption_n of_o this_o word_n and_o we_o find_v that_o ancient_o all_o the_o cimbrian_a kingdom_n be_v name_v regna_fw-la norica_fw-la by_o helmoldus_n the_o norwegian_n be_v call_v nordliudi_fw-la which_o word_n be_v not_o as_o dr._n heylin_n guess_v derive_v from_o the_o dutch_a word_n nordt_n and_o the_o french_a lieu_n for_o nordliod_n or_o nordtleut_fw-fr in_o the_o northern_a language_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o people_n of_o the_o north._n in_o the_o preface_n to_o our_o king_n aelfred_n anglo-saxonic_a version_n of_o orosius_n this_o kingdom_n be_v style_v norðh_n manna_n land_n the_o country_n of_o the_o norman_n adam_n bremensis_n call_v it_o normannia_n and_o we_o know_v rollo_n bring_v his_o norman_n out_o of_o these_o part_n this_o kingdom_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o baltic_a strait_n bound_n bound_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o jutland_n on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n with_o the_o northern_a ocean_n on_o the_o east_n with_o sweden_n and_o lapland_n the_o whole_a length_n of_o it_o from_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o far_o as_o finmark_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v about_o 210_o german_a mile_n the_o eastern_a part_n of_o norway_n be_v very_o thin_a people_v soil_n soil_n be_v a_o country_n of_o nothing_o but_o inaccessible_a and_o craggy_a mountain_n towards_o the_o south_n there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o inhabitant_n who_o dwell_v in_o pleasant_a valley_n encircle_v with_o barren_a and_o rocky_a hill_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o country_n be_v overspread_v with_o wood_n which_o furnish_v the_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n with_o deal-board_n and_o mast_n for_o ship_n the_o long_a ridge_n of_o high_a mountain_n which_o divide_v this_o kingdom_n from_o sweden_n where_o pliny_n place_v his_o sevo_n be_v continual_o cover_v with_o snow_n whence_o intolerable_a sharp_a wind_n be_v send_v down_o into_o the_o valley_n beneath_o which_o by_o this_o mean_n become_v desolate_a and_o unfruitful_a but_o more_o southerly_a and_o all_o along_o the_o western_a coast_n the_o air_n be_v much_o more_o temperate_a and_o will_v be_v healthful_a enough_o if_o not_o corrupt_v by_o the_o putrefaction_n and_o stench_n of_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o rat_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n lemmer_n which_o infect_v the_o whole_a country_n with_o the_o epidemical_a disease_n of_o the_o jaundice_n and_o a_o giddiness_n in_o the_o head_n which_o be_v most_o especial_o apt_a to_o seize_v on_o stranger_n unacquainted_a with_o the_o danger_n and_o unarm_v against_o the_o distemper_n in_o the_o valley_n there_o be_v good_a breed_v of_o cattle_n commodity_n commodity_n insomuch_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n export_v yearly_a great_a quantity_n of_o butter_n tallow_n hides_n and_o cheese_n their_o chief_a grain_n be_v barley_n the_o wood_n afford_v timber_n pitch_n tar_n rich_a fur_n and_o great_a store_n of_o filberd_n beside_o these_o commodity_n they_o have_v a_o good_a trade_n from_o their_o stockfish_n and_o train-oyl_n which_o be_v vend_v all_o europe_n over_o christian_n iu_o king_n of_o denmark_n employ_v several_a artist_n in_o the_o search_n of_o some_o silver_n and_o gold_n mine_n in_o the_o year_n 1623._o and_o it_o be_v say_v some_o lump_n of_o the_o oar_n of_o both_o those_o metal_n be_v here_o find_v and_o present_v to_o the_o king_n but_o this_o discovery_n never_o turn_v to_o any_o considerable_a account_n for_o the_o native_n be_v utter_o ignorant_a of_o the_o art_n of_o refine_n any_o kind_n of_o mineral_n themselves_o and_o altogether_o unwilling_a to_o admit_v into_o their_o country_n any_o foreigner_n skilled_a in_o that_o way_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o complexion_n and_o humour_n with_o the_o dane_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o they_o be_v general_o effeminate_a and_o lazy_a not_o so_o much_o through_o any_o fault_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o want_n of_o employment_n for_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n seldom_o or_o never_o make_v use_v of_o this_o nation_n in_o his_o war_n as_o be_v loath_a to_o trust_v they_o with_o arm_n the_o ancient_a norwegian_n as_o well_o as_o their_o neighbour_n be_v every_o where_o report_v to_o have_v be_v notorious_a pirate_n but_o at_o this_o day_n the_o sea_n be_v scarce_o in_o any_o place_n in_o europe_n so_o secure_a from_o robbery_n as_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o alteration_n can_v scarce_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o modern_a honesty_n of_o this_o kingdom_n so_o far_o excel_v that_o of_o former_a day_n but_o rather_o to_o the_o general_a poverty_n and_o mean_a spiritedness_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n into_o which_o the_o danish_a rigour_n have_v force_v they_o for_o they_o have_v little_a or_o no_o ship_n allow_v they_o and_o be_v too_o low_o keep_v to_o pretend_v to_o hector_n and_o domineer_v their_o diet_n be_v what_o they_o furnish_v other_o country_n with_o stockfish_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o a_o coarse_a kind_n of_o butter_n and_o cheese_n their_o usual_a drink_n rostock_n ale_n in_o this_o they_o common_o drink_v three_o draught_n one_o in_o remembrance_n of_o god_n the_o second_o to_o the_o king_n health_n and_o the_o three_o to_o the_o queen_n as_o norway_n be_v still_o reckon_v a_o distinct_a kingdom_n from_o denmark_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o it_o have_v former_o its_o own_o independent_a king_n who_o sometime_o lord_v it_o over_o the_o monarch_n of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n nevertheless_o the_o account_n we_o have_v of_o these_o prince_n from_o the_o chronica_fw-la norvagica_fw-la publish_v by_o johannes_n slangerupensis_n in_o the_o year_n 1594_o and_o olaus_n wormius_n in_o the_o year_n 1633_o and_o the_o relation_n of_o other_o historian_n be_v so_o imperfect_a and_o incredible_a that_o it_o will_v not_o waste_v paper_n to_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o catalogue_n of_o they_o the_o last_o king_n that_o sway_v the_o sceptre_n in_o norway_n be_v haquin_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1363_o marry_v margaret_n elder_n daughter_n of_o waldemar_n iii_o king_n of_o denmark_n thereupon_o unite_n the_o two_o kingdom_n now_o though_o king_n haquin_n have_v only_o one_o son_n by_o queen_n margaret_n olaus_n for_o some_o while_n king_n of_o denmark_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n yet_o the_o dane_n have_v once_o get_v footing_n in_o this_o kingdom_n be_v resolve_v to_o keep_v their_o station_n and_o therefore_o to_o secure_v themselves_o from_o all_o future_a insurrection_n and_o rebellion_n they_o immediate_o put_v strong_a garrison_n into_o all_o the_o city_n and_o fort_n of_o consequence_n in_o the_o nation_n since_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o language_n manner_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o the_o norwegian_n and_o islander_n be_v both_o one_o
of_o a_o piece_n of_o cloth_n a_o apt_a name_n for_o a_o city_n which_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v the_o further_a boundary_a and_o bulwark_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o silesia_n it_o be_v a_o comely_a old_a city_n seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a and_o in_o a_o good_a air_n the_o duke_n palace_n town-hall_n and_o some_o citizen_n house_n be_v build_v with_o a_o neat_a and_o well_o polish_a stone_n the_o neighbour_a hill_n be_v cover_v with_o apple_n pear_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o fruit._n some_o wine_n they_o have_v grow_v but_o exact_o such_o trash_n as_o altmarck_n and_o some_o other_o part_n of_o the_o elector_n dominion_n be_v wont_a to_o produce_v ii_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o glogaw_n this_o city_n be_v usual_o know_v by_o name_n of_o great_a glogau_n city_n city_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o a_o much_o more_o inconsiderable_a town_n of_o the_o same_o name_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o oppelen_n cureus_n fancy_n it_o to_o be_v the_o same_o place_n with_o ptolomy_n lugidunum_n which_o as_o he_o probable_o enough_o conjecture_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o lugii_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n it_o be_v present_a name_n be_v of_o wendish_n extraction_n and_o signify_v proper_o a_o thorn-bush_n so_o call_v from_o its_o situation_n among_o thicket_n or_o in_o a_o copse_n glogaw_n be_v make_v a_o true_a city_n by_o conrade_n duke_n of_o the_o place_n about_o the_o year_n 1260_o at_o which_o time_n the_o city_n and_o cathedral_n the_o only_a strength_n and_o ornament_n of_o the_o town_n be_v build_v and_o the_o city_n stock_v with_o german_n who_o establish_v here_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o own_o country_n the_o palsy_n be_v a_o epidemical_a disease_n in_o this_o town_n which_o be_v think_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o extraordinary_a intemperance_n of_o the_o burgher_n in_o drink_v a_o sort_n of_o bitter_a and_o muddy_a but_o withal_o wonderful_a strong_a and_o heady_a beer_n they_o be_v also_o common_o torment_v with_o the_o stone_n and_o gravel_n in_o the_o kidney_n a_o distemper_n partly_o ascribe_v by_o their_o physician_n to_o the_o same_o cause_n with_o the_o former_a and_o partly_o to_o their_o feed_n chief_o on_o pork_n cheese_n etc._n etc._n to_o this_o dukedom_n belong_v the_o petty_a town_n of_o guhrau_n dukedom_n dukedom_n sprottau_n grunberg_n schwibussen_n beuthen_n pulkwitz_n koben_n newstatt_n warienberg_n and_o primnikaw_n the_o people_n of_o this_o province_n have_v this_o peculiar_a anti-salic_a law_n among_o they_o that_o upon_o failure_n of_o issue_n male_a a_o daughter_n inherit_v the_o estate_n of_o her_o father_n before_o any_o of_o the_o near_a of_o his_o male_a relation_n iii_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o sagan_n sagan_n once_o one_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o populous_a city_n city_n and_o still_o one_o of_o the_o large_a city_n in_o silesia_n it_o be_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n several_a time_n take_v by_o the_o swedish_n force_n and_o retake_v by_o the_o imperialist_n there_o be_v now_o little_a remarkable_a to_o be_v see_v upon_o that_o large_a spot_n of_o ground_n whereon_o this_o city_n be_v place_v except_o only_o the_o castle_n st._n mary_n church_n and_o two_o monastery_n and_o these_o be_v rather_o venerable_a for_o age_n then_o commendable_a for_o any_o thing_n of_o rarity_n that_o be_v in_o they_o the_o dukedom_n call_v by_o the_o polish_v writer_n ducatus_fw-la zeganensis_fw-la be_v of_o no_o large_a extent_n in_o length_n or_o breadth_n duâ—â—_n duâ—â—_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o west_n with_o lusatia_n and_o the_o barony_n of_o sora_n which_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o rhe_n marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o javer_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o the_o great_a glogaw_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o crossen_n it_o be_v once_o a_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o glogaw_n but_o afterward_o it_o be_v subject_v to_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o sometime_o three_o or_o four_o at_o once_o whence_o we_o read_v of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sagan_n in_o the_o plural_a number_n there_o be_v some_o large_a and_o rich_a cornfield_n in_o this_o province_n which_o be_v well_o water_v with_o the_o river_n bober_n queiss_n tschirn_n and_o neisse_n pribus_fw-la naumburg_n and_o freywald_n three_o small_a city_n be_v all_o subject_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o sagan_n iv_o the_o town_n and_o dukedom_n of_o wolaw_n notwithstanding_o that_o wolaw_n be_v ancient_o account_v a_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n duâ—â—_n duâ—â—_n and_o have_v always_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o same_o law_n and_o government_n yet_o the_o petty_a prince_n of_o silesia_n whether_o it_o be_v to_o multiply_v their_o title_n or_o for_o what_o other_o reason_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v have_v of_o late_a year_n make_v it_o a_o dukedom_n of_o itself_o and_o because_o thus_o separate_v from_o lignitz_n it_o be_v still_o too_o large_a to_o be_v guide_v and_o govern_v by_o one_o man_n be_v near_o as_o big_a as_o either_o of_o our_o english_a county_n of_o huntingdon_n or_o rutland_n they_o have_v subdivide_v it_o into_o six_o large_a circle_n or_o hundred_o which_o have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o they_o viz._n wolau_n hernstadt_n winze_v ruten_n raude_n and_o steinaw_n none_o of_o which_o be_v worth_a the_o describe_v to_o these_o they_o add_v two_o more_o enclosure_n no_o big_a than_o one_o of_o our_o small_a parish_n in_o england_n whereof_o the_o one_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o koben_n and_o the_o other_o breubawischer_n haul_v both_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v see_v in_o the_o map_n and_o thence_o be_v able_a to_o take_v a_o estimate_n of_o their_o true_a bulk_n and_o value_n wolau_n itself_o which_o in_o this_o country_n make_v a_o shift_n to_o give_v title_n to_o a_o duke_n city_n city_n may_v pass_v for_o a_o market-town_n in_o england_n but_o will_v never_o merit_v as_o here_o it_o do_v the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n it_o be_v every_o way_n mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a the_o building_n in_o it_o be_v contemptible_a and_o the_o citizen_n for_o so_o they_o will_v needs_o style_v themselves_o hardly_o able_a to_o provide_v bread_n for_o their_o family_n out_o of_o the_o little_a or_o no_o trade_n of_o the_o place_n the_o neighbour_a lake_n der_fw-mi gross_a teich_n furnish_v they_o indeed_o with_o fish_n enough_o for_o the_o support_n both_o of_o themselves_o and_o their_o child_n or_o otherwise_o they_o will_v not_o i_o think_v have_v any_o possibility_n of_o subsist_v and_o yet_o this_o mean_a place_n be_v for_o some_o time_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o german_a civil_a war_n nay_o the_o swedish_n lieutenant_n gortzke_n think_v it_o no_o small_a piece_n of_o honour_n that_o he_o brave_o maintain_v himself_o and_o a_o garrison_n in_o the_o town_n for_o some_o month_n when_o god_n know_v no_o commander_n of_o note_n will_v so_o far_o undervalue_v himself_o as_o to_o attack_v it_o ducatus_n silesiae_fw-la glogani_n vera_fw-la delineatio_fw-la notarum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs._n oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templis_fw-la pagus_n cum_fw-la sede_n nobile_fw-la pagus_n arx._n monasterium_fw-la vinetorum_fw-la colles_n fedina_n et_fw-fr officina_fw-la ferri_n lacus_n sive_fw-la stâ—â—â—um_fw-la paludes_n ducatus_fw-la silesiae_fw-la wolanus_n notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la urbs_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n arx_n molindinum_n vinetum_fw-la mons_fw-la notabilis_fw-la bona_fw-la ecclesiastica_fw-la ducatus_fw-la breslanus_n sive_fw-la wratislaviensis_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la janssonio-waâ—sbergiorum_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephaâ—â—â—_n swart_a notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs._n oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n molendinum_fw-la arx._n w_n â—â—yal_a devoir_n to_o the_o …_o be_v honourable_a sr_n george_n cartwright_n bar._n vice_n câ—â—â—berline_n of_o the_o king_n househould_v 〈◊〉_d map_n be_v humble_o â—â—â—dicated_v breslaw_n totius_fw-la silesiae_fw-la metropolis_n ducatus_fw-la silesiae_fw-la ligniciensis_fw-la exit_fw-la officina_fw-la janssonio-waesbergiana_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-la stephani_fw-la swart_a notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs._n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n arx._n molendinum_fw-la mons_fw-la notabilis_fw-la locus_fw-la ubi_fw-la dimicatum_fw-la fürstliche_n stadt_n lignitz_n schloss_n closter_n zu_fw-ge vaser_n lieben_fw-mi frawen_v s._n johan_n s._n peter_n und_fw-ge paul_n v._o the_o dukedom_n and_o city_n of_o oelse_n oelsse_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o low_a silesia_n about_o sixteen_o mile_n distant_a from_o breslaw_n first_o make_v a_o city_n out_o of_o a_o poor_a village_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o in_o the_o year_n 936._o the_o country_n round_o this_o town_n be_v pleasant_a enough_o and_o the_o air_n wholesome_a the_o gate_n wall_n turret_n and_o other_o fortification_n of_o the_o city_n be_v handsome_a and_o noble_a before_o the_o late_a war_n but_o the_o swedish_n general_n wittenberg_n troop_n demolish_v the_o great_a part_n of_o
dry_a land_n till_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o obstacle_n strong_a enough_o to_o coerce_v it_o from_o hence_o some_o do_v imagine_v that_o the_o mountain_n and_o valley_n be_v then_o also_o form_v the_o earth_n be_v before_o equal_a and_o smooth_a which_o be_v very_o probable_a in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o scripture_n say_v that_o the_o dry_a land_n than_o first_o appear_v other_o also_o imagine_v that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n equal_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o deep_a sea_n which_o indeed_o may_v be_v so_o but_o be_v not_o evident_o deduce_v from_o what_o have_v be_v hitherto_o observe_v it_o be_v more_o considerable_a what_o olearius_n mention_n that_o examine_v with_o a_o instrument_n the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n he_o find_v they_o level_v with_o the_o top_n of_o the_o border_a mountain_n p._n 142_o of_o his_o travel_n where_o he_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a than_o the_o land_n his_o experiment_n suppose_v 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do_v extraordinary_o temperate_a the_o heat_n which_o else_o will_v extreme_o infest_v they_o and_o though_o nothing_o of_o the_o southern_a frigid_a zone_n be_v yet_o discover_v yet_o much_o which_o lie_v within_o the_o northern_a be_v as_o greenland_n lapland_n and_o divers_a other_o place_n which_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o volume_n which_o show_v that_o though_o the_o other_o be_v unknown_a to_o we_o yet_o it_o may_v notwithstanding_o its_o cold_a be_v inhabit_v as_o well_o as_o this_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o frigid_a zone_n be_v call_v periscii_n because_o when_o the_o sun_n by_o its_o annual_a motion_n be_v rise_v to_o they_o it_o move_v round_o about_o they_o without_o set_v and_o so_o cast_v their_o shadow_n towards_o every_o part_n of_o the_o horizon_n those_o of_o the_o temperate_a one_o be_v heteroscii_n because_o their_o noon_n shadow_n be_v always_o cast_v only_o one_o way_n we_o northward_o the_o other_o southward_n those_o of_o the_o 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equator_fw-la as_o e_z 10_o e_z 20_o etc._n etc._n towards_o p._n it_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o arc_n of_o the_o meridian_n intercept_v betwixt_o they_o this_o direct_v to_o the_o very_a circle_n under_o some_o part_n of_o which_o the_o place_n lie_v and_o so_o give_v a_o better_a account_n of_o its_o sitethen_a zone_n and_o clime_n do_v therefore_o some_o former_o describe_v the_o situation_n of_o country_n by_o this_o only_a but_o to_o render_v the_o direction_n complete_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o longitude_n also_o be_v add_v unto_o it_o this_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o first_o meridian_n to_o be_v number_v in_o the_o equator_fw-la from_o 1_o to_o 360_o as_o in_o the_o scheme_n e_o 10_o 20_o etc._n etc._n towards_o e._n but_o where_o to_o fix_v this_o first_o or_o great_a meridian_n geographer_n can_v never_o yet_o well_o agree_v from_o whence_o many_o confusion_n have_v be_v occasion_v and_o be_v still_o continue_v in_o 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of_o the_o equator_fw-la above_o the_o horizon_n be_v the_o compliment_n of_o the_o latitude_n to_o 90_o degree_n as_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o if_o therefore_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v take_v at_o noon_n about_o the_o ten_o day_n of_o march_n or_o twelve_o of_o september_n and_o subduct_v from_o 90_o the_o remainder_n be_v the_o latitude_n the_o same_o may_v be_v find_v at_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n if_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o parallel_n wherein_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v first_o know_v for_o this_o be_v add_v to_o or_o subtract_v from_o the_o meridional_a altitude_n according_a as_o the_o sun_n that_o day_n be_v below_o or_o above_o the_o equinoctial_a make_v the_o case_n all_o one_o with_o the_o former_a in_o the_o night_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n may_v easy_o be_v take_v by_o the_o polestar_n and_o this_o be_v always_o equal_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n for_o 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planet_n be_v so_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o earth_n that_o they_o have_v no_o considerable_a parallax_n and_o so_o their_o appearance_n be_v more_o easy_a to_o be_v observe_v then_o those_o of_o the_o moon_n common_o be_v and_o they_o move_v so_o swift_o about_o the_o body_n of_o jupiter_n that_o in_o a_o very_a little_a time_n a_o sensible_a alteration_n of_o their_o place_n be_v make_v and_o so_o the_o moment_n of_o their_o conjunction_n and_o other_o appearance_n may_v be_v the_o more_o accurate_o observe_v and_o longitude_n hence_o more_o exact_o determine_v but_o because_o these_o satellite_n be_v every_o year_n for_o many_o week_n together_o so_o near_o the_o sun_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o ray_n they_o can_v be_v see_v and_o at_o other_o time_n can_v be_v discern_v without_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o very_a good_a prospective_n and_o a_o very_a clear_a air_n therefore_o neither_o can_v this_o be_v a_o constant_a direction_n 4._o the_o appulse_n of_o the_o moon_n to_o 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the_o opinion_n of_o the_o foresay_a author_n be_v but_o the_o same_o nation_n different_o call_v the_o venedi_n we_o find_v mention_v by_o ptolemy_n as_o a_o great_a people_n long_o before_o seat_v in_o sarmatia_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o sinus_n venedicus_n now_o baltic_a sea_n which_o from_o they_o probable_o take_v its_o name_n as_o do_v likewise_o the_o venedic_n mountain_n situate_a in_o their_o territory_n and_o hartknoch_n suppose_v the_o bulanes_n gythones_n phinni_n etc._n etc._n place_v also_o by_o ptolemy_n over_o against_o these_o venedi_n in_o the_o inland_n country_n of_o poland_n to_o be_v of_o their_o colony_n perhaps_o this_o people_n after_o they_o have_v make_v themselves_o considerable_a by_o their_o conquest_n take_v the_o name_n of_o slavi_n from_o slava_n in_o their_o language_n signify_v fame_n or_o glory_n which_o their_o descendants_n say_v cromerus_n still_o retain_v in_o their_o compound_a name_n as_o stanislaws_a wenceslaws_n etc._n etc._n though_o 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though_o the_o lesser_a poland_n the_o near_a it_o approach_v to_o the_o confine_n of_o hungary_n the_o more_o hilly_a and_o woody_a it_o be_v but_o the_o far_a it_o lie_v from_o thence_o the_o more_o open_a and_o level_a in_o the_o very_a middle_n also_o of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o palatinate_n of_o sandomir_n be_v mountainous_a and_o rocky_a former_o the_o country_n be_v all_o overgrow_v with_o wood_n but_o by_o the_o care_n of_o sigismond_n the_o elder_a and_o sigismond_n augustus_n his_o son_n and_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o long_a peace_n they_o both_o enjoy_v husbandry_n be_v cherish_v and_o the_o province_n improve_v in_o tillage_n and_o pasturage_n so_o that_o it_o be_v now_o account_v the_o egypt_n of_o europe_n as_o have_v supply_v the_o want_n of_o most_o part_n thereof_o with_o corn_n whilst_o the_o vistula_n be_v navigable_a serve_v to_o convey_v all_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o country_n to_o dantzick_n yet_o this_o good_a husbandry_n do_v not_o hinder_v but_o that_o it_o be_v well_o store_v with_o tree_n as_o oak_n beech_n fir_n etc._n etc._n not_o only_o profitable_a for_o the_o common_a advantage_n of_o wood_n but_o also_o for_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o honey_n and_o wax_n which_o they_o yearly_o afford_v the_o hollow_a tree_n supply_v hive_n and_o the_o leaf_n and_o wild_a flower_n nourishment_n to_o innumerable_a swarm_n of_o bee_n the_o air_n be_v cold_a even_o to_o that_o extremity_n air._n air._n that_o tree_n be_v oftentimes_o parch_v to_o the_o very_a root_n and_o water_n pour_v down_o freeze_v ere_o it_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o lake_n and_o river_n be_v often_o freeze_v five_o or_o six_o month_n together_o and_o be_v passable_a by_o coach_n and_o cart_n lade_v at_o the_o end_n of_o march_n this_o vehement_a sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n we_o may_v rational_o impute_v to_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o continent_n and_o the_o opacousness_n of_o the_o overspreading_a wood_n yet_o notwithstanding_o orchard_n and_o garden_n be_v very_o frequent_a and_o plentiful_o store_v with_o fruit_n and_o flower_n as_o excellent_a in_o their_o kind_n as_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n this_o country_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n plain_a mine_n mine_n abound_v not_o in_o mineral_n yet_o some_o mine_n there_o be_v as_o of_o lead_n and_o iron_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o quicksilver_n at_o tustan_n in_o red_a russia_n of_o vitriol_n near_o biecz_n in_o cracovia_n but_o the_o most_o considerable_a of_o all_o be_v the_o salt-mine_n at_o bochnia_n and_o velisca_n in_o the_o lesser_a poland_n which_o be_v the_o great_a enrichment_n not_o only_o of_o the_o country_n but_o of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n also_o they_o descend_v into_o the_o mine_n with_o long_a rope_n as_o we_o into_o our_o coal-pit_n and_o there_o dig_v out_o great_a mass_n of_o salt_n in_o street_n leave_v so_o much_o interstitium_fw-la as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o sustain_v the_o earth_n it_o be_v general_o of_o a_o bluish_a colour_n yet_o some_o be_v white_a and_o transparent_a like_o crystal_n when_o it_o be_v new_o get_v it_o have_v a_o bitterish_a taste_n but_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n become_v sweet_a as_o also_o more_o heavy_a and_o brittle_a in_o these_o mine_n be_v small_a fountain_n of_o salt_n water_n which_o boil_v with_o piece_n of_o the_o rock_n yield_v great_a quantity_n of_o excellent_a salt_n they_o have_v also_o some_o vein_n of_o sal_fw-la gemmae_fw-la and_o of_o another_o mineral_n resemble_v hard_a pitch_n call_v by_o they_o carbunculus_fw-la as_o cromerus_n say_v which_o take_v in_o powder_n purge_v in_o the_o deep_a cavern_n of_o the_o mine_n the_o workman_n be_v say_v sometime_o to_o hear_v voice_n like_o those_o of_o cock_n dog_n and_o other_o animal_n which_o they_o esteem_v a_o bad_a omen_n the_o chief_a river_n of_o poland_n be_v 1._o rivers_n rivers_n the_o weissel_n mention_v in_o author_n under_o the_o different_a name_n of_o vistula_n visula_n visla_n justilla_n istula_n and_o vandalus_n it_o rise_v in_o the_o duchy_n of_o teschen_n in_o silesia_n out_o of_o the_o mountain_n carpathus_n now_o crapack_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o hungary_n whence_o run_v to_o cracow_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n and_o there_o become_v navigable_a by_o the_o accession_n of_o other_o stream_n it_o continue_v its_o course_n eastward_o to_o sandomiria_n and_o thence_o northward_o to_o warzaw_v in_o masovia_n afterward_o wind_v for_o some_o league_n westward_o to_o thorn_n in_o prussia_n it_o turn_v again_o to_o the_o north_n and_o at_o the_o island_n grosswerder_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o stream_n empty_v itself_o by_o the_o one_o into_o the_o bay_n frischhaff_a and_o by_o the_o other_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o head_n of_o this_o river_n lie_v in_o 49_o deg_fw-la 20_o min._n of_o latitude_n and_o its_o mouth_n in_o 54_o but_o both_o in_o 41_o deg_fw-la of_o longitude_n its_o course_n be_v above_o 100_o polish_v mile_n it_o divide_v ancient_o the_o european_a sarmatia_n from_o germany_n 2._o the_o warta_n rise_v near_o cromolow_v in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracovia_n under_o 40_o deg_fw-la 50_o min._n of_o longitude_n and_o 50_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n of_o latitude_n and_o from_o thence_o take_v a_o wind_a course_n to_o the_o northwest_n wash_v the_o town_n of_o olstin_n warta_n posna_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o great_a poland_n and_o near_o costrin_n fall_v into_o the_o other_o 3._o notez_fw-fr which_o flow_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n goblo_fw-mi in_o the_o great_a poland_n and_o after_o a_o long_a course_n to_o the_o southwestward_o near_o dresen_fw-mi discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o warta_n 4._o the_o niester_n or_o tyras_n of_o the_o ancient_n which_o take_v its_o rise_n out_o of_o the_o sarmatian_a mountain_n near_o the_o head_n of_o san_n run_v at_o first_o to_o the_o north_n then_o wind_v eastward_o and_o enlarge_v with_o many_o lesser_a river_n water_n the_o province_n of_o pocutia_n separate_v both_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a
and_o set_v up_o a_o government_n for_o himself_o in_o this_o province_n and_o helsingia_n which_o lie_v northward_o in_o suecia_n proper_o so_o call_v have_v on_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o medelpadia_n on_o the_o west_n the_o dofrine_a mountain_n on_o the_o north_n angermannia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n part_n of_o helsingia_n and_o medelpadia_n this_o province_n do_v ancient_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n though_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o olaus_n scotkonung_n it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v revolt_v from_o olaus_n crassus_n then_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o become_v tributary_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n in_o the_o year_n 1613_o by_o a_o peace_n conclude_v between_o the_o northern_a crown_n it_o be_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n yield_v up_o to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n but_o a._n 1642_o repossess_v by_o the_o swede_n pontanus_n in_o his_o map_n of_o scandia_n reckon_v up_o some_o place_n of_o note_n in_o it_o viz._n alsne_n ronvere_n aus_n lidh_n hamer-dal_a vndersaker_n oviken_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o olaus_n magnus_n this_o province_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o vpsal_n near_o a_o small_a village_n in_o this_o country_n there_o be_v say_v messenius_n several_a large_a stone_n with_o gothick_n inscription_n which_o be_v a_o prophesy_n of_o what_o for_o the_o future_a will_v befall_v the_o scandian_o 5._o herrndalia_n herrndalia_n herrndalia_n call_v by_o pontanus_n herdalia_n and_o by_o most_o author_n reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o helsingia_n contain_v the_o territory_n of_o nomedal_n hellegeland_n frostena_n indera_fw-la heroa_fw-la with_o some_o other_o all_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o diocese_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o nidrosia_n and_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o finnic_a and_o bothnic_a bay_n and_o the_o swedish_n island_n contain_v in_o they_o the_o baltic_a sea_n sea_n the_o baltic_a sea_n so_o call_v say_v pontanus_n from_o the_o saxon_a and_o english_a word_n belt_n because_o it_o encompass_v the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o belt_n or_o girdle_n or_o as_o jornandes_n will_v have_v it_o from_o baltia_n or_o basilia_n i_o e._n queen_n of_o island_n the_o ancient_a greek_a name_n of_o scandia_n or_o scandinavia_n or_o as_o adam_n bremensis_n be_v of_o opinion_n from_o the_o wisogoth_n who_o inhabit_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o it_o usual_o call_v balt_n i_o e._n a_o stout_a and_o valiant_a people_n be_v the_o large_a of_o any_o sea_n in_o europe_n except_o the_o mediterranean_a contain_v in_o it_o five_o and_o thirty_o island_n of_o considerable_a bigness_n beside_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o lesser_a note_n the_o whole_a bay_n as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n be_v call_v by_o mela_n sinus_n codanus_n q._n gothanus_fw-la or_o gothicus_fw-la from_o gothia_n that_o border_n upon_o it_o or_o caudanus_n from_o cauda_fw-la because_o it_o come_v from_o the_o main_a ocean_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o tail_n of_o a_o beast_n by_o strabo_n the_o venedic_n bay_n from_o the_o venedae_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n who_o live_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o it_o and_o by_o the_o dane_n and_o swede_n the_o oost-zee_n because_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o eric_n eigod_n king_n of_o denmark_n the_o dane_n who_o go_v pilgrimage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n use_v to_o pass_v into_o russia_n and_o the_o eastern_a part_n by_o this_o sea_n it_o begin_v at_o the_o narrow_a place_n call_v the_o sund_n and_o interlace_v the_o country_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n germany_n and_o some_o part_n of_o poland_n extend_v itself_o to_o livonia_n and_o lithvania_n it_o either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o passage_n by_o which_o the_o ocean_n flow_v into_o it_o or_o because_o of_o its_o northerly_a situation_n whereby_o the_o celestial_a influence_n have_v less_o power_n over_o it_o never_o ebb_v nor_o flow_v from_o the_o several_a country_n and_o place_n that_o it_o wash_v it_o have_v diverse_a name_n give_v it_o and_o be_v distinguish_v into_o different_a bay_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v 1._o bay_n the_o bothnic_a bay_n the_o bothnic_a bay_n count_v from_o the_o island_n alandia_n northward_o to_o the_o river_n kimi_n which_o fall_v into_o it_o at_o the_o very_o further_a cape_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o both_o signify_v in_o the_o swedish_n language_n a_o fenny_a country_n or_o a_o land_n overflow_v with_o water_n 2._o bay_n the_o finnic_a bay_n the_o finnic_a bay_n so_o call_v from_o the_o principality_n of_o finland_n which_o it_o water_n some_o will_v have_v the_o sinus_n venedicus_n of_o strabo_n and_o the_o mare_n amalchium_n of_o pliny_n particular_o to_o denote_v this_o bay_n the_o swedish_n island_n in_o this_o sea_n concern_v those_o that_o be_v under_o the_o danish_a power_n see_v denmark_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o most_o southerly_a first_o be_v 1._o rugen_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o pomeren_n give_v to_o the_o swede_n by_o the_o great_a treaty_n of_o peace_n at_o munster_n and_o osnaburg_n a._n d._n 1649._o of_o which_o consult_v the_o volume_n of_o germany_n 2._o bornholm_n be_v situate_a more_o northward_o than_o rugen_n and_o lie_v opposite_a to_o blekingia_n it_o have_v one_o city_n in_o it_o name_v santwyk_n and_o thirty-two_a small_a village_n this_o island_n be_v by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n hold_v at_o copenhagen_n a._n d._n 1660_o give_v up_o to_o the_o dane_n under_o certain_a condition_n of_o which_o mention_n be_v make_v in_o denmark_n 3._o huena_n or_o hueen_n a_o very_a small_a island_n in_o the_o oresundic_n bay_n famous_a for_o the_o city_n vraniburg_n build_v by_o that_o excellent_a mathematician_n tycho_n brahe_n where_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v 55_o deg_fw-la 54_o min._n this_o isle_n be_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o forementioned_a peace_n conclude_v betwixt_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n a._n d._n 1660._o 4._o vtklippa_n 5._o vtlengia_n both_o lie_v over_o against_o blekingia_n 6._o oelandia_n a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a island_n in_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o best_a breed_n of_o horse_n that_o be_v in_o all_o the_o swedish_n dominion_n this_o island_n a._n d._n 1526_o be_v take_v by_o christiern_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o short_o after_o regain_v by_o gustavus_n i._o king_n of_o sweden_n a._n d._n 1613_o it_o be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n and_o ever_o since_o retain_v by_o the_o swede_n see_v more_o concern_v it_o among_o the_o province_n of_o gothia_n 7._o gotland_n lie_v over_o against_o ostrogothia_a in_o length_n seventy-two_a mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n twenty_o for_o a_o long_a time_n almost_o tear_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o continual_a arm_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n till_o 1648_o by_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o christina_n queen_n of_o swedeland_n and_o christiern_n iv_o of_o denmark_n it_o with_o the_o city_n wisbuy_n of_o which_o see_v among_o the_o gothic_a province_n be_v whole_o yield_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o they_o as_o a_o perpetual_a possession_n 8._o oselia_n call_v by_o pliny_n oserica_n opposite_a to_o liefland_n and_o reckon_v by_o some_o as_o a_o district_n of_o esthonia_n fifty-six_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o twenty-eight_a in_o breadth_n in_o it_o be_v the_o city_n arnsburg_n fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n 9_o daghoe_n dachden_n or_o dagheroort_n part_v from_o oselia_n by_o a_o very_a narrow_a bay_n 10._o alandia_n lie_v in_o the_o middle_a sea_n betwixt_o it_o and_o upland_n reckon_v by_o some_o as_o a_o part_n of_o finland_n in_o it_o be_v the_o fort_n castleholm_n 11._o hogland_n in_o the_o finnic_a bay_n with_o severalother_n of_o less_o note_n and_o importance_n regni_fw-la daniae_fw-la accuratissima_fw-la delineato_fw-la nobilissimo_fw-la amplissimo_fw-la consultissimoque_fw-la viro_fw-la d._n gerardo_n schaep_v i._n v._o d._n inclyti_fw-la et_fw-la celeberrimi_fw-la ansterodamensium_fw-la emporii_fw-la consuli_fw-la ac_fw-la senatori_fw-la et_fw-la ad_fw-la serenissimos_fw-la sveciae_fw-la daniaque_fw-la reges_fw-la legato_n dignissimo_fw-la fidelissimo_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n denmark_n saxo_n grammaticus_n deduce_v the_o name_n of_o denmark_n danmark_n or_o dania_n from_o dan_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o son_n of_o humblus_n a_o prince_n of_o these_o part_n many_o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o our_o saviour_n this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a tradition_n among_o the_o dane_n and_o be_v confirm_v by_o one_o of_o the_o old_a chronicle_n of_o their_o king_n publish_v by_o wormius_n out_o of_o a_o manuscript_n copy_n of_o the_o scanian_a law_n write_v in_o runick_a character_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o which_o we_o read_v dan_o heet_n den_fw-mi force_v cunung_a i_o danmurk_n der_fw-mi var_fw-mi fore_fw-la christus_fw-la borth_z of_o hannom_n call_v be_v danmurk_n i._n e._n the_o first_o
humour_n manner_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o modern_a german_n seneca_n long_o since_o observe_v intellectual_n intellectual_n that_o man_n of_o extraordinary_a large_a body_n have_v common_o narrow_a soul_n and_o he_o give_v this_o reason_n for_o it_o because_o say_v he_o grand_a ability_n of_o both_o soul_n and_o body_n be_v too_o great_a a_o happiness_n for_o one_o man_n to_o enjoy_v it_o be_v probable_a the_o same_o consideration_n move_v the_o historian_n of_o old_a to_o represent_v the_o ancient_a german_n who_o as_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o be_v a_o people_n of_o a_o large_a growth_n than_o other_o man_n as_o a_o nation_n of_o a_o dull_a and_o phlegmatic_a constitution_n tacitus_n tell_v we_o they_o be_v general_o ignorant_a of_o the_o use_n of_o letter_n and_o other_o writer_n will_v persuade_v we_o to_o believe_v that_o they_o be_v incapable_a of_o learning_n some_o of_o our_o modern_a satirist_n endeavour_v to_o make_v the_o present_a german_n answer_v the_o character_n which_o those_o man_n give_v of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o strive_v to_o make_v the_o world_n believe_v that_o germany_n be_v to_o this_o day_n a_o country_n of_o gothamite_n it_o have_v for_o some_o year_n be_v a_o proverb_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o several_a frenchman_n pour_v fair_a un_fw-fr bon_fw-fr temperament_n il_fw-fr faut_fw-fr mesler_fw-mi le_fw-fr vif_fw-mi argent_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n avec_fw-fr le_fw-fr plomb_n d'_fw-fr allemagne_n i_o e._n that_o the_o leaden_a temper_n of_o a_o german_a be_v to_o be_v help_v by_o mingle_v the_o french_a quicksilver_n with_o it_o jos_n scaliger_n in_o his_o posthumou_n piece_v entitle_v scaligerana_n will_v not_o allow_v the_o best_a of_o the_o high_a dutch_a writer_n to_o be_v man_n of_o part_n but_o rail_v at_o they_o all_o as_o a_o pack_n of_o senseless_a loggerhead_n but_o we_o all_o know_v how_o much_o that_o great_a man_n be_v puff_v up_o with_o the_o sense_n of_o his_o own_o merit_n and_o how_o unapt_a he_o be_v to_o confess_v the_o least_o grain_n of_o scholarship_n in_o a_o foreigner_n our_o whole_a island_n under_o go_v his_o censure_n when_o mr._n lydiat_v venture_v to_o contradict_v his_o dogmatical_a position_n and_o the_o incomparable_a sir_n henry_n savil_n to_o confute_v his_o gross_a error_n in_o geometry_n it_o be_v doubtless_o a_o unpardonable_a rudeness_n in_o any_o man_n to_o accuse_v a_o whole_a nation_n of_o folly_n and_o he_o that_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o peruse_v several_a of_o the_o high_a dutch_a writer_n and_o reflect_v upon_o the_o many_o ingenious_a invention_n for_o which_o the_o world_n be_v behold_v to_o this_o nation_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o will_v confess_v this_o but_o their_o moral_n as_o well_o as_o intellectual_n moral_n moral_n undergo_v the_o sharp_a censure_n of_o our_o modern_a scribbler_n who_o accuse_v all_o german_n of_o intemperance_n and_o make_v drunkenness_n a_o vice_n proper_a to_o that_o country_n it_o be_v grow_v a_o ordinary_a proverb_n germanorum_n vivere_fw-la est_fw-la bibere_fw-la it_o be_v hard_a to_o excuse_v they_o all_o of_o this_o fault_n nor_o be_v they_o themselves_o able_a to_o deny_v the_o accusation_n but_o common_o rack_v their_o brain_n to_o find_v out_o reason_n why_o large_a draught_n shall_v be_v more_o pardonable_a in_o they_o then_o other_o man_n the_o sharp_a air_n they_o live_v in_o be_v they_o tell_v we_o of_o so_o parch_a a_o nature_n that_o without_o a_o continual_a supply_n of_o new_a moisture_n their_o body_n will_v shrink_v into_o nothing_o nothing_o more_o ordinary_a in_o this_o country_n then_o trinck-brude_a man_n that_o have_v create_v a_o brotherhood_n or_o intimacy_n of_o acquaintance_n by_o be_v drink_v together_o it_o be_v the_o fashion_n to_o bring_v a_o stranger_n a_o unreasonable_a great_a vessel_n of_o drink_n to_o the_o table_n which_o they_o call_v your_o welcome_n and_o this_o you_o be_v oblige_v in_o civility_n to_o take_v off_o at_o one_o or_o more_o draught_n in_o a_o health_n to_o the_o good_a man_n of_o the_o house_n though_o you_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o be_v drink_v in_o cancel_v the_o obligation_n ph._n melancthon_n be_v use_v to_o say_v wir_fw-ge teutschen_n essen_v uns_fw-mi kranck_n wir_fw-ge essen_v uns_fw-mi in_o thy_fw-mi holle_fw-ge i._n e._n we_o germane_a eat_v ourselves_o sick_a we_o eat_v ourselves_o into_o hell_n long_a meal_n may_v probable_o occasion_v distemper_n but_o gluttony_n be_v not_o so_o ordinary_a a_o vice_n among_o they_o as_o drunkenness_n it_o be_v indeed_o no_o extraordinary_a thing_n to_o sit_v at_o dinner_n from_o twelve_o at_o noon_n till_o five_o in_o the_o evening_n or_o at_o supper_n from_o seven_o at_o night_n till_o two_o or_o three_o in_o the_o morning_n but_o then_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o time_n be_v spend_v in_o drink_v of_o health_n however_o it_o be_v best_o to_o wave_v this_o accusation_n lest_o in_o arraign_v they_o we_o condemn_v ourselves_o there_o be_v as_o sober_a and_o temperate_a man_n in_o germany_n as_o in_o any_o nation_n of_o europe_n for_o though_o the_o court_n of_o saxony_n of_o which_o in_o its_o place_n have_v be_v of_o late_a year_n eminent_a for_o this_o sort_n of_o exercise_n it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o bring_v the_o whole_a empire_n into_o the_o indictment_n i_o know_v no_o dish_n of_o general_a use_n in_o germany_n diet._n diet._n which_o be_v any_o great_a rarity_n in_o england_n except_o snail_n from_o michaelmas_n till_o almost_o easter_n these_o be_v eat_v as_o a_o great_a delicacy_n you_o shall_v scarce_o come_v at_o a_o nobleman_n orchard_n or_o garden_n in_o which_o you_o shall_v not_o find_v a_o snail-house_n which_o furnish_v his_o table_n all_o the_o winter_n with_o this_o dish_n they_o boil_v they_o in_o the_o shell_n and_o so_o serve_v they_o up_o their_o other_o food_n be_v beef_n mutton_n fowl_n etc._n etc._n none_o of_o which_o be_v ever_o bring_v to_o table_n in_o such_o large_a quantity_n as_o in_o england_n though_o the_o high_a dutch_a have_v a_o proverb_n travel_n travel_n be_v wool_fw-mi leben_fw-ge und_fw-ge wool_fw-mi schlaffen_n will_v der_fw-mi bleib_n zu_fw-ge hauss_fw-ge i._n e._n he_o that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o live_v and_o sleep_v well_o stay_v at_o home_n yet_o no_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n be_v more_o give_v to_o travel_v then_o they_o not_o a_o court_n in_o europe_n but_o be_v full_a of_o they_o and_o they_o be_v easy_o meet_v with_o on_o the_o road_n than_o scotchmen_n this_o general_a itch_n of_o see_v foreign_a country_n do_v doubtless_o strange_o impoverish_v their_o nation_n and_o carry_v out_o yearly_o more_o money_n than_o all_o their_o silver_n mine_n can_v afford_v they_o for_o it_o be_v below_o the_o spirit_n of_o a_o german_a nobleman_n to_o appear_v in_o a_o foreign_a court_n without_o a_o retinue_n answerable_a to_o his_o quality_n which_o piece_n of_o state_n will_v quick_o swallow_v up_o a_o large_a sum_n than_o the_o rent_n of_o his_o small_a lordship_n amount_v to_o there_o be_v not_o many_o year_n ago_o a_o small_a book_n publish_v under_o the_o title_n of_o itinerarium_fw-la germaniae_fw-la politicum_fw-la wherein_o the_o author_n earnest_o advise_v his_o countryman_n never_o to_o go_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n except_o on_o public_a occasion_n and_o questionless_a he_o that_o shall_v with_o circumspection_n view_v all_o the_o rarity_n and_o prince_n court_n in_o dutchland_n take_v the_o netherlands_o into_o the_o circuit_n will_v return_v sufficient_o qualify_v for_o a_o statesman_n without_o make_v any_o further_a progress_n it_o be_v the_o peculiar_a commendation_n of_o the_o german_n to_o be_v true_a and_o upright_o in_o their_o deal_n with_o every_o man_n integrity_n integrity_n teutschhertziger_n or_o dutch-hearted_n be_v a_o epithet_n which_o with_o they_o be_v usual_o apply_v to_o a_o honest_a and_o just_a man_n that_o scorn_v flattery_n or_o dissimulation_n a_o frenchman_n give_v this_o character_n of_o they_o la_fw-fr parole_fw-fr d'un_fw-fr alleman_n vault_n un_o obligagation_n i._n e._n a_o german_n word_n be_v as_o good_a as_o another_o man_n bond_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o tacitus_n observe_v of_o their_o ancestor_n that_o no_o nation_n under_o heaven_n go_v beyond_o they_o at_o keep_v their_o word_n another_o excellent_a quality_n they_o have_v hospitality_n hospitality_n which_o many_o of_o their_o neighbour_n want_n to_o be_v exceed_o oblige_a to_o stranger_n julius_n cesar_n give_v this_o character_n of_o the_o ancient_a german_n hospites_fw-la violare_fw-la fas_fw-la non_fw-la putant_fw-la qui_fw-la quaque_fw-la de_fw-fr causa_fw-la ad_fw-la eos_fw-la venerunt_fw-la ab_fw-la injuria_fw-la prohibent_fw-la sanctosque_fw-la habent_fw-la jisque_fw-la omnium_fw-la domus_fw-la patent_n victusque_fw-la communicatur_fw-la i._n e._n they_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o injustice_n to_o affront_v a_o traveller_n and_o esteem_v it_o a_o part_n of_o their_o religion_n to_o protect_v those_o that_o come_v under_o their_o roof_n
have_v this_o city_n look_v upon_o as_o a_o place_n of_o the_o great_a antiquity_n of_o any_o in_o saxony_n esteem_v it_o the_o same_o with_o ptolomy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d though_o i_o think_v the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n which_o ptolemy_n assign_v to_o that_o old_a town_n be_v 29_o deg_fw-la of_o long._n and_o 51_o deg_fw-la 20_o min._n of_o lat._n will_v scarce_o come_v near_o this_o city_n this_o large_a and_o ancient_a city_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o earl_n and_o marquis_n of_o its_o own_o and_o thence_o we_o find_v the_o inhabitant_n in_o and_o about_o the_o city_n name_v by_o the_o latin_a historian_n stadenses_n stadingi_n or_o stedingii_n as_o a_o people_n distinct_a of_o themselves_o and_o independent_a upon_o any_o of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n of_o these_o earl_n and_o marc-grave_n the_o reader_n may_v meet_v with_o a_o catalogue_n in_o crantzius_n or_o angelius_n a_o werdenhagen_n in_o the_o year_n 1234_o the_o stadenses_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o a_o bloody_a and_o terrible_a war_n in_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o very_a infancy_n of_o christianity_n in_o these_o part_n have_v like_a to_o have_v stifle_v religion_n in_o its_o cradle_n this_o bloodshed_n be_v occasion_v by_o a_o revolt_n of_o the_o citizen_n of_o stade_n from_o their_o obedience_n to_o the_o see_v of_o bremen_n whereupon_o the_o clergy_n of_o that_o city_n be_v resolve_v to_o keep_v by_o a_o strong_a arm_n what_o their_o enemy_n have_v endeavour_v to_o wrest_v from_o they_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o engage_v several_a of_o their_o neighbour_n in_o the_o broil_n but_o this_o expedient_a do_v not_o meet_v with_o the_o expect_a success_n have_v after_o a_o long_a quarrel_n only_o weaken_a both_o party_n and_o in_o no_o wise_a vindicate_v the_o archbishops_n title_n at_o last_o a_o volley_n of_o curse_n and_o excommunication_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n fright_v the_o citizen_n of_o stade_n into_o submission_n and_o oblige_v they_o to_o yield_v obedience_n as_o former_o to_o the_o archbishops_n of_o bremen_n hereupon_o philip_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n and_o earl_n of_o stade_n annex_v the_o whole_a county_n to_o the_o archbishopric_n reserve_v only_o to_o himself_o the_o city_n with_o its_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n in_o which_o state_n it_o continue_v till_o in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n it_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o be_v confirm_v to_o that_o crown_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bremen_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n and_o possible_o we_o may_v have_v some_o reason_n to_o call_v this_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n which_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n as_o duke_n of_o bremen_n since_o the_o city_n of_o bremen_n itself_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o homage_n payable_a to_o that_o monarch_n from_o the_o archbishopric_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o treaty_n and_o be_v to_o this_o day_n a_o free_a imperial_a city_n immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n and_o to_o he_o only_o notwithstanding_o the_o vast_a rampire_n and_o bulwark_n wherewith_o this_o city_n be_v fortify_v and_o the_o natural_a strength_n of_o the_o place_n it_o be_v besiege_v and_o take_v in_o one_o day_n april_v 13_o 1645_o by_o the_o swedish_n general_n count_n coningsmark_n who_o have_v at_o the_o first_o assault_v take_v the_o fortress_n on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o zwinge_fw-mi betwixt_o the_o city_n and_o the_o elb_n press_v forward_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o stade_n and_o force_v his_o way_n into_o the_o city_n whereupon_o the_o burgher_n be_v glad_a to_o surrender_v up_o the_o castle_n and_o other_o strong_a fort_n upon_o any_o condition_n the_o conqueror_n be_v please_v to_o propose_v the_o town_n be_v at_o present_a in_o a_o flourish_a condition_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o wholesome_a air_n and_o a_o pleasant_a rich_a country_n the_o burgher_n who_o have_v the_o character_n of_o the_o most_o civil_a and_o courteous_a people_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v common_o orchard_n and_o garden_n of_o pleasure_n without_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n well_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o fruit_n and_o flower_n their_o haven_n be_v large_a and_o commodious_a and_o ship_n of_o large_a carriage_n and_o burden_n come_v up_o to_o stade_n then_o be_v able_a to_o reach_v hamburg_n the_o marketplace_n rahthauss_n or_o town-hall_n exchange_v and_o several_a of_o their_o church_n be_v building_n worthy_a a_o traveller_n sight_n many_o and_o great_a have_v be_v the_o privilege_n by_o several_a emperor_n grant_v to_o this_o city_n it_o be_v always_o reckon_v a_o sanctuary_n for_o fugitive_n insomuch_o that_o all_o manner_n of_o malefactor_n whether_o germane_a or_o foreigner_n that_o can_v reach_v stade_n before_o vengeance_n overtake_v they_o be_v sure_a to_o find_v shelter_n here_o and_o be_v secure_a from_o the_o hand_n of_o justice_n beside_o the_o privilege_n of_o coin_v money_n authority_n to_o hunt_v in_o the_o neighbour_a forest_n and_o the_o like_a prerogative_n challenge_v by_o all_o imperial_a city_n they_o have_v power_n to_o demand_v a_o certain_a toll_n or_o custom_n of_o every_o merchantman_n that_o pass_v up_o the_o elb_n to_o hamburg_n every_o such_o vessel_n be_v oblige_v to_o strike_v anchor_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o zwinge_fw-mi and_o there_o to_o tarry_v till_o dismiss_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o customhouse_n these_o pretension_n occasion_v not_o many_o year_n ago_o a_o quarrel_n between_o the_o citizen_n of_o stade_n and_o the_o hamburger_n the_o late_a pretend_v that_o it_o be_v a_o infringement_n of_o their_o prerogative_n who_o be_v absolute_a master_n of_o the_o elb_n below_o their_o own_o city_n for_o stade_n to_o lay_v claim_n to_o any_o such_o privilege_n but_o the_o controversy_n soon_o after_o be_v amicable_o compose_v and_o each_o city_n have_v since_o peaceable_o enjoy_v its_o own_o peculiar_a regality_n this_o ancient_a hans-town_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o that_o be_v enroll_v into_o that_o noble_a society_n be_v once_o reduce_v to_o a_o mean_a and_o beggarly_a condition_n by_o the_o overgrow_a trade_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o hamburger_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v force_v to_o sell_v almost_o for_o bread_n the_o public_a stock_n not_o amount_v to_o ninety_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n to_o these_o upstart_a thrive_a merchant_n its_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o put_v itself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n but_o in_o this_o low_a condition_n it_o do_v not_o long_o continue_v before_o the_o english_a merchant_n upon_o some_o affront_n the_o hamburger_n have_v offer_v they_o remove_v their_o commerce_n to_o stade_n by_o which_o mean_v this_o city_n in_o a_o short_a time_n recover_v its_o former_a grandeur_n and_o grow_v on_o a_o sudden_a rich_a and_o populous_a vi_o bremer-verden_a a_o wall_a town_n bremer-verden_n bremer-verden_n on_o the_o road_n betwixt_o bremen_n and_o stade_n distant_a from_o the_o late_a about_o twelve_o english_a mile_n and_o from_o the_o former_a near_o twenty-eight_a it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o luder_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o afterward_o make_v a_o palace_n for_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n who_o have_v here_o their_o usual_a residence_n in_o the_o castle_n which_o command_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o adjacent_a plain_n the_o swede_n have_v common_o a_o strong_a garrison_n the_o town_n will_v otherwise_o be_v of_o little_a note_n not_o have_v the_o convenience_n of_o any_o trade_n except_o what_o be_v bring_v by_o the_o resort_n of_o passenger_n that_o travel_v this_o way_n to_o bremen_n or_o stade_n the_o dukedom_n of_o lunenburg_n the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n bound_n bound_n or_o lunenburg_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n on_o the_o southeast_n with_o magdeburg_n on_o the_o east_n with_o brandenburg_n on_o the_o north_n with_o lauwenburg_n and_o holstein_n on_o the_o north-west_n with_o bremen_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o some_o part_n of_o westphalia_n the_o metropolis_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o moon_n lunus_n or_o luna_n worship_v by_o the_o ancient_a idolatrous_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o land_n other_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o river_n elmena_n or_o ilmenow_n on_o which_o the_o city_n of_o luneburg_n be_v seat_v which_o they_o tell_v we_o be_v former_o call_v luno_n from_o isis_n the_o egyptian_a goddess_n who_o come_v into_o germany_n to_o visit_v her_o kinsman_n gambrivius_n who_o be_v in_o those_o day_n lord_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n where_o hamburg_n now_o stand_v be_v here_o deify_v and_o worship_v under_o the_o image_n of_o a_o half-moon_n several_a of_o the_o saxon_a chronologer_n report_n that_o this_o idol_n be_v first_o bring_v hither_o by_o
people_n what_o the_o reader_n miss_v in_o the_o general_a description_n of_o norway_n may_v possible_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o follow_a one_o of_o island_n the_o prefecture_n of_o masterland_n this_o prefecture_n take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o it_o seat_v on_o a_o rocky_a peninsula_n and_o famous_a for_o its_o great_a trade_n in_o herring_n and_o other_o sea-fish_n this_o city_n with_o two_o more_o of_o less_o note_n congel_n and_o oddawald_n and_o the_o adjoin_a country_n be_v command_v by_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o bahus_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o haquin_n iv_o king_n of_o norway_n about_o the_o year_n 1309_o upon_o a_o steep_a rock_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n trollet_n and_o be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o best_a fort_n that_o king_n have_v in_o his_o dominion_n and_o a_o sufficient_a bulwark_n against_o the_o daily_a assault_n and_o incursion_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o westro-goth_n the_o bishopric_n of_o anslo_n and_o staffenger_n with_o the_o province_n of_o aggerhuse_v anslo_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n opslo_n and_o by_o some_o latin_a writer_n asloa_n be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n harold_n cotemporary_a with_o sueno_n esthritius_n king_n of_o denmark_n who_o frequent_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o this_o city_n here_o be_v hold_v the_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n for_o all_o norway_n wherein_o all_o cause_n and_o suit_n at_o law_n be_v hear_v and_o determine_v before_o the_o governor_n who_o act_v as_o viceroy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o cathedral_n be_v dedicate_v to_o st._n alward_n who_o take_v great_a pain_n in_o preach_v the_o gospel_n to_o the_o norwegian_a heathen_n in_o this_o church_n be_v to_o be_v show_v the_o sword_n of_o haquin_n one_o of_o their_o ancient_a king_n a_o signal_n testimony_n if_o the_o story_n they_o tell_v of_o it_o be_v true_a of_o the_o strength_n and_o admirable_a art_n of_o some_o norwegian_n of_o former_a age_n the_o hilt_n of_o it_o be_v make_v of_o crystal_n curious_o wrought_v and_o polish_a whence_o olaus_n magnus_n will_v needs_o conclude_v that_o the_o use_n of_o crystal_n be_v ancient_o much_o more_o ordinary_a in_o norway_n then_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n in_o any_o part_n of_o europe_n not_o far_o from_o opslo_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o bay_n stand_v the_o castle_n of_o aggerhusen_n memorable_a for_o the_o brave_a resistance_n it_o make_v the_o swedish_n army_n in_o the_o year_n 1567._o which_o besiege_v it_o hot_o eighteen_o week_n together_o but_o be_v at_o last_o beat_v off_o and_o force_v shameful_o to_o retire_v about_o twenty_o german_a mile_n northward_o of_o opslo_n lie_v the_o city_n hammer_n former_o a_o bishop_n see_v but_o at_o present_a under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o opslo_n near_o this_o town_n be_v the_o island_n moos_n where_o if_o we_o believe_v olaus_n magnus_fw-la a_o huge_a and_o monstrous_a serpent_n appear_v constant_o before_o any_o grand_a alteration_n in_o the_o state_n or_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n in_o this_o province_n beside_o the_o place_n already_o mention_v stand_v the_o city_n of_o tonsberg_n fridericstadt_n saltsburgh_n and_o scheen_n which_o have_v all_o a_o considerable_a trade_n from_o the_o copper_n and_o iron_n mine_n which_o hereabout_o be_v in_o great_a number_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v in_o this_o province_n that_o the_o silver_n mine_n mention_v before_o be_v first_o discover_v at_o the_o expense_n of_o christian_a iu._n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o some_o of_o the_o adjoin_a hill_n be_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n to_o this_o day_n call_v silver-bergen_a or_o the_o mountain_n of_o silver_n to_o these_o mine_n and_o the_o lofty_a wood_n of_o pine_n and_o fir-tree_n with_o which_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v overspread_v the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n owe_v the_o great_a part_n of_o if_o not_o all_o its_o trade_n the_o city_n of_o staffenger_n lie_v in_o 59_o degree_n some_o reckon_v 60_o and_o a_o great_a many_o odd_a minute_n of_o latitude_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o peninsuia_fw-la upon_o a_o great_a bay_n of_o the_o northern_a ocean_n full_a of_o small_a island_n and_o guard_v by_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o doeswick_n which_o lie_v about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o town_n in_o civil_a affair_n this_o city_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o bergenhusen_n though_o it_o have_v its_o own_o peculiar_a bishop_n constant_o reside_v in_o the_o town_n the_o whole_a bishopric_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o several_a district_n of_o stavangersteen_n dalarne_n jaren_n listerleen_n mandalsleen_n nedenesleen_n and_o abygdelag_n thomas_n conrade_n hvegner_n bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n in_o the_o year_n 1641_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o collect_v a_o great_a number_n of_o runic_a inscription_n which_o lie_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o his_o diocese_n some_o of_o which_o be_v publish_v by_o wormius_n who_o further_o inform_v we_o that_o this_o conrad_n predecessor_n who_o name_n he_o omit_v write_v a_o topographical_n description_n of_o this_o city_n and_o bishopric_n beyond_o the_o bay_n appear_v the_o island_n schutenes_n three_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n but_o scarce_o half_a a_o one_o in_o breadth_n between_o this_o island_n which_o have_v in_o it_o several_a considerable_a village_n and_o the_o continent_n run_v up_o a_o narrow_a frith_n to_o bergen_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o dutch_a merchant_n to_o liedt_n van_fw-mi berghen_fw-mi to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o staffenger_n belong_v the_o province_n of_o tillemarch_n or_o thylemarch_n which_o give_v procopius_n the_o first_o ground_n for_o that_o assertion_n of_o he_o which_o he_o defend_v with_o so_o great_a vehemency_n viz._n that_o scandinavia_n take_v in_o its_o large_a extent_n of_o which_o thylemarch_n be_v a_o very_a inconsiderable_a part_n be_v the_o ancient_a thule_n the_o parish_n of_o hollen_n in_o this_o province_n be_v very_o remarkable_a for_o a_o churchyard_n or_o bury_v place_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n michael_n which_o be_v cut_v out_o of_o a_o great_a high_a rock_n call_v by_o the_o vicenage_n vear_n upon_o the_o lake_n nordsee_n half_o a_o mile_n distant_a from_o scheen_n wormius_n think_v it_o be_v former_o a_o heathenish_a temple_n but_o convert_v to_o christian_a use_n upon_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o the_o gospel_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o prefecture_n and_o bishopric_n of_o berghen_n this_o bishopric_n the_o most_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a part_n of_o all_o norway_n lie_v to_o the_o north_n of_o aggerhusen_n in_o the_o middle_n or_o heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o fair_a and_o noble_a emporium_n or_o mart-town_n of_o berghen_n or_o else_o from_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o berghenhusen_n the_o usual_a seat_n of_o the_o viceroy_n of_o norway_n at_o a_o small_a distance_n from_o berghen_n northward_o berghen_n a_o ancient_a and_o famous_a seaport_n town_n mention_v by_o pomponius_n mela_n and_o pliny_n be_v the_o granary_n and_o magazine_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o norway_n it_o lie_v distant_a from_o bahusen_n about_o a_o hundred_o german_a mile_n by_o sea_n and_o sixty_o by_o land_n from_o truntheim_n as_o many_o from_o schagen_n the_o outmost_a promontory_n of_o jutland_n almost_o eighty_o some_o have_v fetch_v its_o name_n from_o the_o norwegian_a verb_n bergen_n which_o signify_v to_o hide_v or_o conceal_v because_o the_o haven_n be_v surround_v with_o hill_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o sculking-place_n for_o ship_n where_o vesfel_n of_o two_o hundred_o tun_n and_o upward_o ride_v in_o a_o spacious_a and_o most_o secure_a harbour_n free_a from_o all_o danger_n of_o wind_n and_o weather_n but_o we_o need_v not_o trouble_v ourselves_o any_o further_a for_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o name_n then_o to_o consider_v that_o berghen_n in_o the_o norwegian_a language_n signify_v mountain_n and_o berghenhusen_a a_o company_n of_o house_n among_o the_o hill_n the_o building_n in_o this_o city_n till_o within_o these_o few_o year_n be_v exceed_o mean_a and_o contemptible_a most_o of_o they_o of_o wood_n cover_v with_o green_a turf_n and_o therefore_o frequent_o burn_v down_o but_o of_o late_a the_o hamburgher_n lubecker_n hollander_n and_o other_o that_o trade_n this_o way_n have_v beautify_v the_o town_n with_o a_o exchange_n and_o a_o great_a many_o private_a house_n of_o credit_n the_o most_o peculiar_a trade_n of_o this_o city_n lie_v in_o a_o kind_n of_o stockfish_n catch_v upon_o these_o coast_n and_o thence_o call_v usual_o by_o the_o norway_n merchant_n berghenvisch_n this_o the_o fisherman_n take_v in_o winter_n common_o in_o january_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o dry_v it_o in_o the_o cold_a and_o sharp_a air_n beside_o hither_o fur_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o vast_a quantity_n of_o dry_a
fish_n butter_n tallow_n hides_n etc._n etc._n be_v bring_v from_o all_o part_n of_o norway_n to_o be_v ship_v off_o into_o other_o country_n the_o townsman_n not_o many_o year_n ago_o observe_v the_o daily_a increase_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o stranger_n which_o it_o draw_v from_o all_o part_n and_o fear_v they_o themselves_o may_v at_o last_o be_v prejudice_v by_o a_o unlimited_a and_o general_a admission_n of_o foreign_a tradesman_n and_o merchant_n into_o their_o city_n make_v a_o order_n that_o whoever_o will_v after_o such_o a_o time_n be_v admit_v a_o freeman_n of_o the_o town_n shall_v either_o be_v whip_v at_o a_o game_n institute_v upon_o this_o occasion_n and_o call_v by_o they_o gantenspill_n or_o roll_v in_o mud_n and_o dirt_n or_o last_o hang_v in_o a_o basket_n over_o some_o intolerable_a and_o filthy_a smoke_n this_o hard_a usage_n quick_o diminish_v the_o number_n of_o foreigner_n who_o fancy_v it_o scarce_o worth_n their_o while_n to_o purchase_v their_o freedom_n at_o so_o dear_a and_o scandalous_a a_o rate_n but_o of_o late_a the_o industry_n and_o skill_n as_o well_o as_o number_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n increase_n these_o barbarous_a custom_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o the_o citizen_n themselves_o be_v now_o able_a to_o export_v what_o be_v former_o fetch_v away_o from_o they_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n be_v heretofore_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o truntheim_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o berghen_n be_v subject_a the_o prefecture_n of_o sudhornleen_n nordhornleen_n soghne_n sudfiord_n norfiord_n and_o sundmerleen_n the_o prefecture_n and_o bishopric_n of_o nidrosia_n or_o truntheim_n the_o four_o castle_n and_o government_n in_o norway_n be_v that_o of_o the_o city_n nidrosia_n as_o it_o be_v ancient_o call_v from_o the_o river_n nider_n on_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v or_o truntheim_n former_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o king_n and_o archbishop_n of_o norway_n pontanus_n somewhere_o call_v this_o city_n the_o cabinet_n of_o all_o the_o norwegian_a monument_n but_o wormius_n find_v no_o great_a reason_n to_o confer_v so_o honourable_a a_o title_n upon_o it_o when_o after_o a_o diligent_a search_n into_o the_o antiquity_n old_a monument_n and_o relic_n of_o the_o primitive_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o kingdom_n he_o meet_v with_o no_o more_o than_o three_o runic_a inscription_n in_o this_o whole_a diocese_n the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o haven_n make_v this_o place_n resort_v to_o by_o some_o mariner_n and_o merchant_n to_o this_o day_n but_o the_o ruin_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o look_v more_o like_o a_o village_n than_o city_n not_o have_v have_v any_o opportunity_n of_o recover_v its_o former_a splendour_n since_o it_o be_v burn_v down_o in_o the_o year_n 1522._o its_o house_n be_v a_o company_n of_o old_a fashion_a and_o rot_a building_n and_o the_o king_n palace_n be_v decay_v below_o the_o meanness_n of_o a_o english_a cottage_n however_o something_o of_o its_o ancient_a grandeur_n still_o appear_v in_o the_o cathedral_n dedicate_v to_o st._n olaus_n which_o though_o almost_o consume_v by_o fire_n yet_o by_o the_o ruin_n show_v itself_o to_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o magnificent_a and_o large_a structure_n in_o the_o world_n in_o this_o church_n the_o huntsman_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v a_o yearly_a offering_n of_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o large_a and_o stout_a white_a bear_n which_o they_o kill_v for_o the_o priest_n to_o tread_v upon_o at_o divine_a service_n groneland_n and_o iseland_n be_v former_o part_n of_o the_o diocese_n of_o truntheim_n but_o now_o this_o bishopric_n be_v not_o of_o so_o large_a a_o extent_n in_o the_o castle_n reside_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o whole_a prefecture_n of_o truntheim_n who_o have_v under_o he_o several_a other_o governor_n of_o lesser_a province_n in_o the_o country_n a_o little_a beyond_o this_o city_n there_o grow_v no_o wood_n at_o all_o but_o instead_o thereof_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v use_v of_o fish-bone_n as_o well_o to_o build_v their_o house_n and_o for_o several_a implement_n of_o householdstuff_n as_o fuel_n and_o with_o the_o fat_a of_o the_o same_o fish_n they_o feed_v their_o lamp_n in_o winter_n the_o prefecture_n of_o truntheim_n in_o the_o year_n 1658_o be_v by_o the_o dane_n surrender_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n by_o a_o public_a treaty_n of_o peace_n the_o next_o year_n they_o wrest_v it_o again_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n but_o resign_v it_o back_o at_o the_o treaty_n of_o roschild_n halgoland_n the_o country_n of_o ohther_n king_n aelfred_n geographer_n be_v a_o part_n of_o this_o prefecture_n of_o which_o that_o author_n give_v this_o account_n to_o the_o king_n his_o master_n ê§_n nan_o man_n ne_o bude_n be_v nor_o ðh_n a_fw-fr he_o i_o e._n that_o no_o inhabit_a country_n lie_v further_a north_n than_o this_o but_o the_o great_a fish_n trade_n upon_o these_o coast_n have_v make_v the_o english_a better_a acquaint_v with_o these_o part_n than_o this_o gentleman_n be_v with_o his_o own_o country_n the_o prefecture_n of_o wardhus_n the_o castle_n of_o wardhus_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o five_o and_o last_o great_a governor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o island_n warda_n in_o which_o it_o stand_v this_o isle_n lie_v about_o two_o german_a mile_n from_o the_o main_a land_n of_o finmark_n be_v near_o twelve_o english_a mile_n in_o compass_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o and_o the_o two_o adjoin_a isle_n which_o in_o finmark_n go_v all_o under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o trunsolem_n live_v only_o upon_o stockfish_n which_o they_o dry_v in_o the_o frost_n they_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o bread_n nor_o drink_n but_o what_o be_v bring_v they_o from_o other_o place_n some_o small_a stock_n of_o cattle_n they_o have_v but_o only_o such_o as_o can_v make_v a_o shift_n to_o live_v of_o their_o master_n diet_n dry_a fish_n finmark_n or_o norwegian_n lapland_n on_o the_o north_n of_o norway_n lie_v finmark_n or_o as_o the_o native_n use_v to_o call_v it_o taakemark_n which_o perhaps_o be_v the_o ancient_a habitation_n of_o the_o finni_n mention_v by_o tacitus_n for_o the_o character_n which_o that_o historian_n give_v we_o of_o those_o people_n be_v very_o applicable_a to_o the_o modern_a finmarker_n the_o finni_n say_v he_o be_v a_o people_n extraordinary_a savage_a and_o miserable_o poor_a they_o have_v neither_o horse_n arm_n house_n nor_o home_n but_o feed_v upon_o root_n and_o such_o provision_n as_o their_o bow_n and_o arrow_n can_v procure_v and_o be_v clothe_v with_o the_o skin_n of_o wild_a beast_n to_o this_o day_n finmark_n be_v not_o divide_v as_o all_o other_o country_n general_o be_v into_o distinct_a lordship_n and_o inheritance_n but_o as_o in_o mr._n hobbes_n state_n of_o nature_n every_o private_a man_n pretend_v a_o right_a and_o title_n to_o every_o part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o arm_n be_v the_o only_a judge_n of_o controversy_n when_o fish_v season_n come_v in_o they_o throng_v to_o the_o seacoast_n and_o when_o that_o be_v over_o retire_v again_o into_o the_o upland_n only_o the_o islander_n in_o heymeland_n keep_v their_o station_n and_o have_v their_o church_n in_o trom_n suro_n maggero_n and_o other_o place_n the_o language_n manner_n and_o habit_n of_o the_o people_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o swedish_n lapland_n of_o which_o a_o account_n have_v be_v already_o give_v of_o the_o ancient_a commerce_n between_o the_o old_a britain_n english_a and_o norwegian_n though_o the_o relation_n which_o our_o english_a writer_n give_v we_o of_o the_o prowess_n and_o brave_a exploit_n of_o the_o valiant_a british_a king_n arthur_n savour_v too_o much_o of_o romance_n yet_o in_o the_o main_a our_o best_a historian_n agree_v unanimous_o in_o this_o that_o no_o prince_n ever_o conquer_v more_o of_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n than_o this_o king_n w._n lambert_n in_o his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d assure_v we_o that_o all_o the_o island_n nation_n and_o kingdom_n in_o the_o north_n and_o east_n sea_n as_o far_o as_o russia_n be_v tributary_n to_o he_o and_o geoffry_n of_o monmouth_n say_v king_n arthur_z at_o one_o time_n summon_v no_o less_o than_o six_o king_n to_o appear_v before_o he_o at_o his_o court_n in_o britain_n viz._n 1._o guillaumur_n king_n of_o ireland_n 2._o malvase_n king_n of_o iseland_n 3._o doldaff_n king_n of_o gothland_n 4._o gunnase_n king_n of_o orkney_n 5._o lot_z king_n of_o norway_n and_o 6._o aschile_o king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o these_o conquest_n the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o norwegian_n incorporate_v into_o one_o nation_n with_o the_o britain_n but_o this_o amity_n be_v of_o no_o long_a continuance_n for_o norway_n be_v at_o too_o great_a a_o distance_n