separated and lived apart one from the other howsoever in a short time having experienced the want of that comfort which mutual society procures their choler was appeased and so they returned to enjoy converse and the assistence which Friendship and Company afforded in which condition they passed four Years during all which time they saw many Ships sail near them yet none would be so charitable or curious as to be invited by their Smoak and Flame so that being now almost desperate they expected no other remedy besides Death to put an end to their Miseries Howsoever at length a Ship adventuring to pass nearer than ordinary espied the Smoak and rightly judging that it must be made by some Shipwrecked Persons escaped to those Sands hoisted out their Boat to take them in Serrano and his Companion readily ran to the place where they saw the Boat coming but so soon as the Mariners were approached so near as to distinguish the strange Figure and Looks of these two Men they were so affrighted that they began to row back but the poor men cryed out and that they might believe them too not to be Devils or evil Spirits they rehearsed the Creed and called aloud upon the Name of Jesus with which words the Mariners returned took them into the Boat and carried them to the Ship to the great wonder of all there present who with admiration beheld their hairy shapes not like Men but Beasts and with singular pleasure heard them relate the story of their past misfortunes The Companion dyed in his Voyage to Spain but Serrano lived to come thither from whence he travelled into Germany where the Emperour then resided all which time he nourished his Hair and Beard to serve as an Evidence and Proof of his past Life wheresoever he came the People pressed as a Sight to see him for Money Persons of Quality having also the same curiosity gave him sufficient to defray his charges and his Imperial Majesty having seen and heard his Discourses bestowed a Rent upon him of Four thousand Pieces of Eight a Year which make 4800 Ducats in Peru and going to the Possession of this Income he dyed at Panama without farther Enjoyment All this Story was related to me by a Gentleman called Garci Sanchez de Figueroa one who was acquainted with Serrano and heard it from his own Mouth and that after he had seen the Emperour he then cut his Hair and his Beard to some convenient length because that it was so long before that when he turned himself on his Bed he often lay upon it which incommoded him so much as to disturb his sleep CHAP. IV. Of the Idolatry and Gods which the Ancient Incas adored and Manner of their Sacrifices FOR better understanding of the Life Customs and Idolatry of the Indians of Peru it will be necessary to distinguish the times before the Incas from those wherein their Rule and Empire began their Gods and Sacrifices and Customs being much different according to the Ages for the Men themselves in the first times were at best but as tamed Beasts and others were worse than the fiercest Creatures To begin with their Gods we must know that they were agreeable to the quality of their own corrupt and abominable manners and every Nation Province Tribe and House had its particular God for their Opinion was that one God would have business sufficient to take care of one Province or Family and that their Power was so confined that it could have no virtue or extent within the Jurisdiction of another and because their Fancies were not so sublimated as to frame abstracted Notions of Deities such as Hope Victory Peace and the like as the Romans did in the time of Gentilism they adored whatsoever they saw such as Flowers Plants Herbs Trees especially Pines and Elmes Caves Stones Rivers and particularly in that Province which is called the Old Port they had a high Veneration for the Esmerald because it is the Pretious Stone of that Countrey and the Diamond and Ruby are in no esteem because they are not known to them they also worshipped the Lion Tyger and Bear for their fierceness and with that submission and humility that they would not fly from them but offer themselves to be devoured by them In fine they adored any thing wherein they observed an Excellency as the Fox and Monky for Craft the Hart for his Swiftness the Falcon for his Agility and Courage and the Eagle for the Acuteness of his Sight such was the vanity aud folly in the imagination of this savage People who had no Scriptures to teach and enlighten them nor Prince to govern and protect them Howsoever there were other Nations more considerate in choice of their Deities adoring none but such as afforded them benefit and advantage as Fountains and cool Springs which yielded them Drink Rivers that watered their Pastures the Earth they called their Mother and worshipped because it yielded them Food the Air because they breathed in it and was their Life the Fire because it warmed them and dressed their Meat some also made choice of Sheep and Corn and Cattel and every thing that abounded most in their Countrey and served for nourishment to be a God and worthy of Divine Honour The Inhabitants near the Cordillera worshipped that Mountain for its height those of the Coast made the Sea their God which in their language they call Mamachoca and is as much as to say the Mother Sea the Whale for its prodigious bigness was in no less Veneration than the rest and every sort of Fish which abounded amongst them was deified because they believe that the first Fish in the World above them takes always care to provide them with a number of the like sort or species sufficient to maintain and nourish them Besides these there are two Nations which are Chirihuanas and others living about the Cape of Passau which are the North and South Borders of Peru that have no thoughts or inclinations to Religion and worship nothing either above or below but giving themselves over to stupidity and sloth neither having fear nor love live with the same sensuality that Beasts do because they have not as yet had the happiness to receive the instructions doctrine and government of the Incas who are the Indian Kings The Sacrifices which they made to these Gods were as cruel and barbarous as the Gods were stupid and senseless to whom they offered them for besides Beasts and Fruits and Corn they sacrificed Men and Women of all ages which they had taken in the War And some Nations of these exceeded so far in their inhumanity that they offered not onely their Enemies but on some occasions their very Children to these Idols The manner of these Sacrifices were to rip open their breasts whilst they were alive and so tear out their Heart and Lungs with the Bloud of which whilst warm they sprinkled their Idols then they inspected the Lungs and Heart to
to their Power yet they did not alter their Customes and ancient Laws unless they interfered with their Religion and their own supreme and absolute Jurisdiction but rather they confirmed many of those Customs which were good and laudable particularly that whereby the most deserving Son was chosen to the Government it seeming a spur and incitement to Vertue to have Power and Grandeur set up for the Prize and Reward of their Merit the which appeared so reasonable that a certain Inca King desired once to have introduced this Custome into his own Family and in despight of their own severe Law of Primogeniture have made his Sons depend on the favour and air of the Peoples Suffrages as we shall discourse in its due place There is a People about fourty Leagues to the Eastward of Cozco which I have been amongst of the Nation of Quechua some call them Sutcunca where a particular instance happened relating to the different manner of inheriting in that Countrey The Curaca of that People called Don Garçia finding himself at the point of death called for his four Sons who were Men grown with the Nobles of his Province and admonished them by way of his last Words and Testament that they should observe and keep that Law of Jesus Christ which they had lately received and for ever praise and thank God for sending them so inestimable a benefit and honour and serve the Spaniards for having been the means and instruments of such Divine Revelations and that they should serve and obey their Master with singular Affection to whose lot and fortune it should fall to be their Lord and Governour lastly he told them that since it was the Custome of their Countrey to elect the most vertuous unto their Government he charged them to make choice of that Person amongst his Sons whom they esteemed the most deserving and that in case none of them appeared worthy of their paternal Succession and Honour that then passing them by they should chuse such a Person from amongst themselves whom they reputed of greatest Honour and Worthiness for that since nothing was so dear to him as the common Good and Benefit of his People he desired not the promotion of his Children farther than as it tended to that end and design All which a Priest who had been his Confessour reported as a remarkable Testament and Passage in those barbarous parts CHAP. XI Of their Ceremonies when they weaned and shaved and gave Names to their Children THE Incas when they weaned their Eldest Sons they made great Feasts and rejoycing which they did not observe for their Daughters or second or third Sons at least not with that solemnity for the order of Primogeniture of Males was in high Esteem with the Incas and by their Example with all their Subjects They weaned them at two years of age and upwards and then clipt off the Hair of their Heads and with that gave them their Names At which ceremony the Kindred assembled and he that was to impose the Name shore off the first lock of the Infant 's Hair. Their Scissers were made of a Flint for as yet the Indians were not arrived to a better Invention after the God-father had snipped his lock the rest of the Kindred did the like one after the other according to their Age and Quality and when the Infant was quite shorn then the Name was given with the Presents which they brought for some gave him Garments and clothing others bestowed Cattle others Arms of divers Fashions others Cups of Gold and Silver to drink in the which was performed onely towards the Princes of the Royal Bloud for that the Commonalty were not permitted this Honour unless by particular Privilege or Dispensation After this Ceremony was ended then came in their drink for a dry Feast was accounted dull and with Singing and Dancing they passed the whole Day untill Night parted them which Jollity being the next day renewed continued for three or four days according to the quality of the Parents the like Ceremony was observed when the locks of the young Prince and Heir apparent were clipt at which the High Priest of the Sun assisted and was the first to cut his Hair moreover at this solemnity the Curacas of the whole Kingdom either in Person or by their Deputies appeared and were assisting at this Festival which continued for the space of at least twenty days offering their Presents of Gold and Silver and pretious stones and what else was curious and rare in their respective Provinces In resemblance hereof because it is natural for People to imitate their Prince the Curacas and generally all the Nations of Peru followed this Example in some proportion agreeable to their Quality and Ability and this was accounted one of their most jolly and merry meetings CHAP. XII That they educated their Children without any tenderness AS well the Incas as the Commonalty both rich and poor bred up their Children with the least of tenderness and delicacy that was possible for so soon as an Infant was born they washed it in cold water before they swathed it in its Mantles and then every morning they bathed it in cold water and sometimes exposed it to the dew of the night perhaps the Mother would sometimes out of tenderness spirt the water out of her mouth on the Child and so wash it but generally they had an opinion that cold and exercise did corroborate and strengthen the Body and Limbs their Armes they kept swathed and bound down for three months upon supposition that to loose them sooner would weaken them they kept them always in their Cradles which was a pitifull kind of a frame set on four legs one of which was shorter than the rest for convenience of rocking the Bed was made of a sort of course knitting which was something more soft than the bare boards and with a string of this knitting they bound up the Child on one side and the other to keep it from falling out When they gave them suck they never took them into their Lap or Armes for if they had used them in that manner they believed that they would never leave crying and would always expect to be in Armes and not lie quiet in their Cradles and therefore the Mother would lean over the Child and reach it the Breast which they did three times a day that is at morning noon and night and unless it were at those times they never gave it suck for they said that not accustoming it to set hours would cause it to expect suckling the whole day and be never quiet but when the Breast was at the Mouth which causes frequent vomits and pewkings and made them when they were grown Men to be gluttons and drunkards for we see said they in other Creatures that they administer their Dugs and Nipples to their Young at certain hours and seasons The Mother always nursed her own Child for though she were a Lady of the highest degree
warm the Earth as in those Regions where the Days are longer so that though the situation be nearer the Sun yet the Nights being long the Earth hath more time to become cool and to be refreshed But in regard the Heats are constant and admit of small remissions the Inhabitants being habituated or accustomed thereunto do invent and contrive preventions and remedies against the Heats both in the coolness of their Houses Garments and Bedding which they so cover and fence that the Flies and Gnats with which that Countrey is much infested can have no passage to hinder or disturb their repose either by day or night for in these low Grounds and Marshes the Gnats are extremely busie and troublesome as well by day as by night those which are busie at night make a buzzing and are of the same colour with such as we have here onely that they are much greater and sting so terribly that the Spaniards say that they will bite through a pair of Cordovan Boots perhaps indeed they may pass a knit Stockin with a Linen one under it but not if it were of Cloth or Kersy and indeed in some Countries they are much more keen and hungry than they are in others The Gnats which are troublesome by day are little and not much unlike those which are here bred in Shops and generated from Wine onely they are of a yellowish colour and so thirsty of bloud that as I have heard credibly reported many of them have been seen to burst at the same time that they have been sucking To try this experiment I have suffered some of them to suck of my bloud as much as they would and when they were full they would drop off and rowl but were not able to go or fly The stings of these Gnats are in some degree poisonous especially to some sorts of flesh in which they will make little wounds though not dangerous or of great moment By reason that the City of los Reyes is of a hot and moist Air Flesh will immediately corrupt in it and therefore when it is newly killed and bought it must be eaten the same day which are all qualities different to the Climate of Cozco that being hot and this cold or temperate The Cities and other Colonies of Spaniards which are situate along the Coast of Peru are all of the same temperament with the Town of los Reyes being under the same degree All the other Cities within the Land from Quitu as far as Chuquisaca which runs for the space of seven hundred Leagues North and South are of a pleasant Climate not being cold as Cozco nor hot like Rimac but of an equal and moderate temperature excepting onely the situation of Potosi where the Mines of Silver are is extremely cold and the Air penetrating The Indians call it Puna which is to say a Climate not habitable by reason of coldness howsoever the love and thirst of Silver hath invited such numbers of Spaniards and Indians to that place that at present it is the most populous and the best served with Provisions of any Countrey in all Peru. Acosta in the 6th Chapter of his 4th Book mentioning the Greatness of that Colony says that the Town that is the place inhabited is two Leagues which are six miles in compass Thus much shall be sufficient to have spoken in general of all the Cities and Plantations of Peru so as that we need not treat farther of any one in particular But to return to the City of los Reyes we say that the Governour Francisco Piçarro having founded this City and divided the Lands Fields and Inheritances together with the Indians amongst his Spaniards he descended to the Valley of Chimo about eighty Leagues Northward from los Reyes along the Sea-coast and there built another City which to this day is called Truxillo and was so named in remembrance of his own Countrey At which place also he made a division of Lands to the first Conquerours to whom he marked out the several Provinces Lands and possessions which belonged to every person in reward of the labours and hazards which every person had sustained The like he performed in the City and Countrey of los Reyes where he with great applause and satisfaction assigned to every Man his share and due proportion so that it appeared as if the Land began to be at peace and all things to dispose themselves towards quietness and enjoyment And having thus justly shared to the first Conquerours their dues it was not to be doubted but that he would deal with others who were to follow with the like equality And being thus well employed as this famous Cavalier ever was in all the course of his life we shall now leave him for a while to treat of other matters which at the same time passed amongst the Indians CHAP. XVIII How the General Quizquiz was slain by his own Souldiers THat we may omit nothing material of all those matters which occurred at that time in Peru it is necessary for us to give an account of what success befell the General Quizquiz the Captain Huaypallca and their Forces who being animated and encouraged by the advantages they had gained over Don Pedro de Alvarado and Almagro in three several Skirmishes began to presume themselves able to drive the Spaniards out of their Empire and especially Huaypallca was the more confident because in the absence of Quizquiz he had been the Chief Commander in those late Battels which so vainly puffed him up in his own imagination that he became presumptuous and secure in his strength and fortune Hereupon these two Commanders marched towards Quitu with design to make new Levies of Men and Provisions for a War against the Spaniards but they had not made many days march before they were disappointed of their hopes and expectations for the Curacas as well as the common Indians being affrighted and forewarned by the late treachery of Rumminavi and jealous lest they should act over the like practices that the others had done refused either to follow them to the War or obey their Commands which were for bringing in of Provisions for amongst all the Captains of their Army there was none of the Bloud-Royal that appeared nor any person with a Title to the Kingdom of Quitu either derived from Atahualpa or Manco Inca who being the onely Lawfull and Universal Heir of all that Empire might countenance the design With these difficulties and in straits of Provisions Quizquiz was labouring when his Purveyors fell into the hands of Sebastian de Belalcaçar by the Advices which his friends the Indians had given for they being generally desirous of a Peace were troubled at all acts and motions which tended to a War and in regard that there was no Army afoot against the Spaniards but this onely they were desirous to see it defeated so that upon this advice Belalcaçar surprized the Foragers and easily destroyed them and took many of them Prisoners such as
Arms the Battel was very hot and bloudy many being killed and wounded on both sides till at length the Ayaviri being worsted never durst shew their Faces any more in Battel The Incas not being willing to take this advantage to destroy them utterly endeavoured rather by Famine to reduce them to his Obedience During which Siege the recruits which the Inca had sent for arrived in his Camp the Report of which so dismayed the Enemy that they immediately surrendred and submitted to the Mercy of the Inca who first having severely reproved them with bitter termes for having resisted the Offspring of the Sun he pardoned their Contumacy and Rebellion and leaving Officers and Instructours to teach them in the ways of Religion and humane Living and to require from them that riches which they had forfeited to the Sun and the Inca he proceeded against that People which they call Pucara In this Countrey he built a Fortress for better defence of his Frontiers and conservation of his Conquests and the rather because the situation of the place being by nature strong was by Art and Industry rendred impregnable and served to reduce the People of Pucara which were by no other means to be subdued but by a War which having done and furnished his Fortress with a strong Garrison he returned with great Joy and Triumph unto Cozco CHAP. IX The Conquest of Hatun Colla and the Fables which those of Colla report concerning their Original MAny Years had not passed before Lloque Yupanqui returned again to the frontiers of his Conquests that he might make a farther progress in reducing the Indians and enlarging his Dominions The Report which the Incas had spread from their beginning of being sent from the Sun to instruct and reduce Mankind from a bestial way of living to Rules of Morality and Political Society had made preparation in all places for reception of their Doctrine and became most plausible and prevalent in the minds of those People who knew not how to discover that ambition of the Incas which they had concealed under the specious principle of the Sun's Commands with this pretence the Inca sent to raise eight or nine thousand men well armed and having set Officers over them and chosen Counsellours for himself he passed the Countrey of Collasuyu and at length arrived at his Fortress called Pucara where afterwards that great overthrow was given to Francisco Hernandez Giron which is since called the Battel of Pucara from thence he sent Ambassadours to Paucar colla and Hatun colla which are Countries of a large extent containing divers Nations requiring them to yield ready Submission and Obedience to him and that being admonished by the example of the Ayaviri they should fear to oppose the Progeny of the Sun left the like punishments of Famine and Slaughter should be the rewards of their Rebellion The People of Colla gave ear to this admonition and assembling their Chiefs or most principal Men amongst them in Hatun Colla which is Colla the great they generally concluded that all those Plagues and Mischiefs which had befallen the Ayaviri and those of Pucara was sent from Heaven as a judgment for having resisted the Children of the Sun and therefore with unanimous consent they declared themselves Vassals of the Inca that they would adore the Sun and observe and keep all those Laws and Ordinances which he should impose upon them and with this intention they went out to meet the Inca and received him with Acclamations and with new Songs and Musick which they had framed and composed for this occasion The Inca received their Curacas with many kind and obliging Expressions and to evidence the esteem he had of them he bestowed on every one of them garments which belonged to his own Person with other Presents very acceptable and in process of time afterwards these two People and their Posterity were ever highly favoured by the Incas especially those of Hatun Colla both for the readiness with which they embraced the Worship of the Sun and for their docible and gentle Nature which encouraged the Incas to build magnificent Temples in their Countrey and found Monasteries for Virgins which were matters of high admiration amongst the Indians The Collas consist of many and divers Nations and report that their first Parents issued from the great Lake Titicaca which they esteemed to be their Mother and before the times of the Incas amongst other Gods they offered Sacrifices to this Lake upon the Banks of it Some of them report that their Parent proceeded from a great Fountain others that their Ancestours issued from Caves and the hollow of Rocks and accordingly at certain seasons they offered their Sacrifices to them others that they originally issued from a certain River and therefore held that the Fish of it were sacred and that it was a sin to eat them In this manner some adored one Deity and some another howsoever because that that People abounded much in flocks of Sheep they had one God common to them all which was a white Ram saying that there was a great sheep in the higher World for so they call Heaven which had a particular care of them giving them a greater increase and number of Sheep than to any other of the neighbouring People of Peru and for that reason they offered up Lambs and the fat of Mutton to this Sheep-faced Deity But this God and all others the Inca took from them allowing them no other but the Sun whom he encharged and commanded them without any other Rival to adore and worship besides which he altered that infamous Custome of Dissoluteness and Incontinence amongst single Women to whom it was lawfull and a laudible quality to be common Whores before their Marriage though afterwards they were obliged to be true and faithfull to one Husband But as to those Fables which relate the Original of these People the Incas took no pains or care to confute them for as they were obliged to believe the descendence of the Incas from the Sun so the Incas in like manner would not seem to disapprove the Fables and Reports they made of their own Original Having laid these foundations of Government and Religion the Inca returned again to Cozco giving a stop for the present to his Conquests and Proceeding for it seemed to be the most reasonable Policy to give time and space for these new Subjects to taste the sweetness and lenity of the Inca and by their own experience to make report of it and publish it to the neighbouring Nations that so they might be more easily induced to embrace the like advantage rather than overpowering all by cruel and hasty conquests their Government should appear tyrannical and partaking of an ambitious and covetous Spirit CHAP. X. The great Province of Chucuytu surrenders on terms and conditions of Peace and after the example thereof many other Provinces submit THE Inca was received at Cozco with all the demonstrations of joy and triumph
the Northward there is another Street called Pichu which also was without the City and another beyond that called Quillipata and another great Street called Carmenta which is a proper Name without any signification and here passes the great Road to Chinchasuyu to the Eastward where the Street is that is called Huacapuncu or the Door of the Sanctuary because that Huaca amongst the many other significations which it hath signifies a Sanctuary Puncu is a Gate because that a stream of Water enters through that Street as by a gate to the chief Market-place of Cozco for though all the Streets and Lanes of the City were dedicated to the Use and Service of the Temple of the Sun and of the Select Virgins yet this passage or chanel by which this Water entred was in a particular manner esteemed sacred as also the place at which it ran out was called the Lion's Tail signifying that this City as it was holy in its Laws and Religion so it resembled a Lion in its valour and martial Exercises This Street of Huaca-puncu came at length to join with Collcampata so that we are now come to the place where we first began having finished the rounds of the City CHAP. IX That the City contained the Description of all the Empire THese four great Streets did correspond with the four Quarters of the Empire called Tahuantinsuyu ordained by Manco Capac the first Incan-King who intending to reduce those savage and barbarous Nations under his Sovereignty did command them to inhabit those Quarters which lay towards the places from whence they came so those who came from the East planted themselves on the East side of the Town those that came from the West on the West side so that at length they all seated themselves within the circle and compass designed for the City in their different Ranks and Situations The Curacas built their Houses as they found room when they first came to the Court for when one had finished his House another built close by him every one keeping the order and situation of his Province for if his Province lay to the Right-hand of his Neighbour's Province then he built to the Right if to the Left then to the Left if the Province lay to the backside of his Neighbour's dwelling then he raised his House there fronting towards his own Countrey so that taking a view of all the People and Nations inhabiting that City with their several Ranks and Situations it seemed like a survey of all the Empire or a Map comprehending in a plain Cosmographical Description all the circumference of Peru. Pedro de Cieça writing of the situation of Cozco speaks almost to the same purpose in the 93d Chapter of his Book in these words And whereas this City contained many Nations of divers Provinces and strange Countries such as the Indians of Chile Pasto Cannares Chachapoyas Guancas Collas and many other people before mentioned they were all disposed within the precincts of this City in their respective Quarters as they were assigned unto them by the order of their Governours having liberty to observe the Manners and Customs of their Fathers and the habit of their Countrey so that if a hundred thousand Men of these were assembled together every one would be distinguished by the attire of his Head and his Countrey and Lineage known to which he belonged Thus far are the Words of Pedro de Cieça This Distinction was made by the different attire on their Heads either of Feathers or Sashes wound about their Temples which every Province framed to its self and not by contrivance or order of the Incas onely their Kings commanded them to continue their Fashions to avoid confusion amongst the Nations which reach from Pasto to Chile which as our Authour aforesaid alledges was above one thousand three hundred Leagues In which manner all the Streets of this City were the Habitations of the Subjects onely assembled thither from all parts of the Empire and not of the Incas or those of the Bloud Royal who lived in the Suburbs of the City the which we shall lay down and describe in such manner as they were situated from North to South with all their Streets and vacant places and Palaces of their Kings and how and in what manner they were afterwards bestowed when they came to be divided by lot amongst the Spaniards From the Hill Sacsahuamam there runs a shallow stream of Water from North to South to the farther part of Pumapchupan where the City is divided from the Suburbs But more within the City there is a Street which lies North and South which is now called St. Austins descending from the Houses of the first Inca Manco Capac to the open square of Rimac-pampu there are three of four other Streets which cross from East to West through the large space which is between the Street and River where the Incas of the Bloud seated themselves according to their several Ayllus or Lineages for though they were all of the same Family and lineally descended from Manco Capac Howsoever being branched into several Lines they derived their Pedigrees from divers Kings saying that these descended from such an Inca those from another Inca and so of the rest of which the Spanish Historians not having conceived a true Notion delivered to us for a truth that such a Lineage was derived from such an Inca and that Lineage from another as if they had been of different Stocks and Families whenas in reality they all proceeded from the same original Being honoured with the Title of Capac Ayllu or the illustrious or august Lineage of the Bloud Royal. The Men of that Family were called by the name of Inca and the Women of Palla which implied a descendency from the bloud Royal. In my time those quarters descending from the upper part of the Street were inhabited by Rodrigo de Pineda Joan de Saavedra Diego Oitiz de Guzman Peter de los Rios with his Brother Diego de los Rios Geronimo Costillas Gaspar Jura but now these Houses are turned into the Convent of St. Austin as also the Habitations of Michel Sanchez John de Santa Cruz Alonso de Soto Gabriel Carrera and Diego de Trugillo who was one of the first Adventurers and one of those thirteen Companions who adhered to Don Francisco Piçarro as we shall relate in its due place Moreover there were Anton Ruiz de Guevara John de Salas who was Brother to the Archbishop of Sevil together with Valdes de Salas who was Inquisitor-General besides others which I cannot call to mind all which being great Commanders over the Indians had their shares and lots divided to them amongst those who were the second Adventurers in the conquest of Peru. Besides these there lived many Spaniards in this quarter who had no power over the Indians One of which Houses after my departure from Cozco was converted into a Monastery of Augustine-Friars We call those the first Conquerours who were of
constancy so that they fought that whole day as also the second and third with that spight and rage and with such little consideration that they were almost all killed and such as did escape with their lives were yet so wounded that they were disabled and unfit for service The Indians who were Natives of that Province of Chunchu having observed this advantage fell in upon those that remained alive and utterly destroyed them amongst which Gomez de Tordoya was also slain I knew all these three Gentlemen and left them in Cozco when I departed thence The Indians took three Spaniards alive that is this Maldonado Diego Martin a Portugal Friar and a certain Gun-smith called Simon Lopez Maldonado being known by the Indians to have been the Commander in chief of one of those parties was treated by them with all courtesie and respect and considering that he was wounded and a Man in years they gave him liberty to return unto his Indians in Cozco giving him convoy to as far as the Province of Callavaya where the finest Gold is extracted in pieces of four or five Caracts in weight but the Friar and the Gun-smith they kept above two years afterwards during which time they employed the Gun-smith solely in making them Hatchets and Pick-axes of Copper and the Friar they held in great veneration because he was a Priest and a Servant of the God of the Christians◠And when at length they gave them liberty to return to Peru they entreated the Friar to stay amongst them and teach them the Doctrine of Christianity but he refused to dwell with them This and many such occasions have been lost whereby the Gospel might have been propagated by Preaching without the force and compulsion of Arms. TWO years afterwards the Chunchus gave licence to these two Spaniards to return unto Peru guiding and conducting them untill they came to the Valley of Callavaya so that they told their own Story of this unhappy expedition They also gave an account of all the Actions and Exploits which the Incas had performed at the lower parts of this River and how they dwelt and inhabited amongst the Musus and that after that time they acknowledged the Inca for their Lord and Sovereign and that every year they carried him presents of such Fruits as their soil produced the which presents were continued untill the Death of the Inca Tupac Amaru which was some few years after this unfortunate action and fight between Juan Alvarez Maldonado and Gomez de Tordoya The which Story we have fore-stalled and related out of its due place thereby to attest and prove the Conquest which the Inca Yupanqui made along the great River Amarumayu and that the Incas who designed to make a Conquest of the Musus did afterwards plant themselves and inhabit amongst them All which the Friar Diego Martin and the Gun-smith Simon did particularly relate and confirm And the Friar as to himself did say that nothing did trouble him so much in his life as that he did not continue his abode amongst the Indian Chunchus as they desired of him but that not having the conveniencies there of saying Mass was a great inducement to recall him thence for otherwise he would never have removed from thence He farther said that he often purposed to return thither again being troubled in his conscience for not having satisfied the importunity of those poor Indians who made that reasonable request to him which he by his vow and profession was obliged to grant And farther that Friar alledged that those Incas who were planted among the Musus might be of great use of the Spaniards in the Conquest which they designed to make of that Countrey And so let us return again to the Acts and Monuments of the good Inca Yupanqui the chief and greatest of which was the Conquest of Chili CHAP. XVII Of the Nation of Chirihuana of their customs and manner of living AS covetousness and ambition of government is natural to all Men so these Incas transported with a desire of new Kingdoms and Conquests made it their chief business and glory to enlarge their Empire In pursuance of which four years after that Yupanqui had sent his Army down the River he designed another Conquest over the great Province of Chiri-huana which is seated in the Antis to the Eastward of the Charcas But in regard the Countrey was unknown and the ways undiscovered it was thought fit and convenient to send spyes first into those parts who might see and discover the Situation and Nature of the Countrey and Manners of the People The Spies being dispatched as was resolved they returned at a certain time bringing a report that the Countrey was bad full of high and barren Mountains Bogs Lakes and Marish Grounds that the Natives were absolutely brutes and worse than beasts having no Religion or Worship of any thing but lived without law or good manners wandring in the Mountains and Woods not associated in any community or political government unless it were when they joined their Forces together to infest their Neighbours with intention to eat the flesh of those which they took in War without respect either of Sex or Age and that nothing should be lost of all their spoils they drank the bloud when they cut their throats Nor did they onely eat the flesh of their Enemies but of their own people when they died onely they lamented over their bones which when they had laid and disposed orderly according to their joints they buried them in rocks or caves and the hollow of trees They went naked and promiscuously used coition without regard either to Sisters Daughters or Mothers And this was the common way of living practised by the Nation of Chiri-huana The good Inca Yupanqui for so was he styled commonly by his own people as also by Pedro de Cieça having heard this report turned to his relations and kindred who were then present and told them that now he esteemed it a duty and obligation incumbent on him ot reduce the people of Chiri-huana that so he might withdraw them from the turpitude of their manners and from that bestial life which they did lead it being the grand design for which his Father the Sun had sent him into the World. Having said these Words he appointed ten thousand Men to be raised and made ready under the Command of Colonels and Captains of the Incan Family Men experienced both in War and Peace and instructed in their duty and the business that they were to perform This Army being provided marched into the Province of Chirihuana where they soon found the want and misery of the Countrey to supply which they gave notice to the Inca who speedily furnished them with all things necessary But such were the difficulties of that Countrey being nothing but Mountains and Bogs and Fens that after the labour of two years they were not able to effect any matter considerable therein which being advised to the Inca he
in company with Gonçalo Piçarro who went to make discovery of the Countrey of Canela as we shall mention in its due place The Chart of Navigation makes it on a strait line to be six hundred and fifty Leagues without any doublings of the River And though Merchants in describing the situation of places do not much meddle with in-land Countries but those onely which lye on the Sea-coast and those Rivers which fall into the Ocean Yet in regard that this River is the greatest in the World being above seventy Leagues in breadth at the mouth of it and runs with so great a stream and torrent that it makes fresh water for above a hundred Leagues within the Sea they have thought it worthy of their observation and enquiry So that according to the Relation of Orellana as Gomara attests those five hundred Leagues which we mention in a strait line will make two thousand Leagues with the turnings and doublings of this River falling into the Sea directly under the Equinoctial and it was called Orellana according to the name of this Gentleman who sailed over it in the year 1543. Howsoever a discovery was made before that time of this River by the Pincones of Sevil in the year 1500 to which they then gave the name of the River of Amazons because they observed that the Women fought with as much courage in defence of those parts as the Men the like instances whereof we have in our History of Florida In that River there are many greater and lesser Islands and the tide flows from the Sea above an hundred Leagues up the River And thus much shall suffice to have said of this River Now as to that River which is called Marannon it falls into the Sea about seventy Leagues to the Southward of Orellana which is about three degrees of South-latitude being about twenty Leagues wide at the mouth of it This River issues from some great Lakes on the upper parts of Peru which are filled by the Snow-waters that dissolve from the high Mountains which are covered with Snow Now in regard that these two Rivers fall into the Sea so near one unto the other I am apt to believe that they make one River of these two giving the name of Orellana to both these Rivers so far as the fresh water runs into the Sea. As to the River which the Spaniards call el rio de la plata and the Indians Parahuay we have in our second part given the reason why this River was so called in Spanish and explained the signification of the Indian word the Fountains of whose waters like those of Marannon have their head or source from the prodigious Mountains of the snowy desart called the Cordillera which passes through all the Countrey of Peru. This River many times overflows with rapid inundations all the Fields and Villages near the banks and forces the people for three Months in the year to be ready with their Boats and Canoes which they tye to the branches of Trees to save themselves untill those Flouds are over having no other place wherein to secure themselves It falls into the Sea about the degree of thirty five being about thirty Leagues wide at the mouth and yet here below it is narrower than it is eighty Leagues above where it is fifty Leagues broad so that joyning the breadth of these four Rivers together at the places where they fall into the Sea we may say that they measure one hundred and thirty Leagues in breadth and may be reckoned amongst the Miracles and Wonders of Peru. Besides these four great Rivers there are multitudes of other smaller Rivers which every-where fall into the Sea as we may see described in the Waggoners and Sea-Maps to which I refer my self which if joyned together would make greater Rivers than any we have hitherto mentioned And now in such vast Rivers we might rationally conclude that great plenty of Fish were produced in them but it is quite otherwise namely in Peru which is the Countrey I chiefly treat of for with other parts I meddle not Some attribute the cause of this scarcity of Fish in those Rivers to the rapidness of their streams which are too violent for Fish to remain in and there are very few places in those Rivers where the Waters are still or tolerably quiet Moreover it is observable that the Fish which is bred there is of another and different sort to that in Spain they seem to be all of one kind without scales the Head being broad and smooth in fashion of a Toad with a wide Mouth Howsoever it is very savoury and pleasant to eat and the skin is so delicate and sweet that it is the best Meat of all they call them Challua which signifies Fish. Another reason why these Rivers of Peru which fall into the Sea are so ill stored with Fish may be because the Waters are shallow as well as rapid and yet in the Winter they are too deep to be waded over In the great Lake of Titicaca are great quantities of Fish which though they are of the same quality and form with those in the Rivers yet the Indians to distinguish them from others give them the name of Suchi they are so fat that when they are fryed or stewed they need no other grease then their own There is likewise in this Lake another sort of Fish which the Spaniards call Bogas the Indian word for them I have forgot it is a little small Fish of a bad taste and a worse shape and if I am not greatly mistaken they have scales and might well be called Harrihuelas or Sprats for the smallness of them both sorts of these Fishes breed abundantly in that great Lake having room enough to spawn in and have sufficiency of feeding which is brought down by the Rivers which fall into it And thus much shall serve to have spoken of Rivers and of the Fish which the Waters of that Countrey afford CHAP. XXIII Of the Emeralds Torquoises and Pearls of that Countrey THE pretious Stones found in Peru in the time of the Incas were Torquoises Emeralds and Crystal of the finest sort though they were not acquainted with the manner how to work it the Emeralds grow in the Mountains of the Province of Manta which is within the Jurisdiction of Puerto Viejo but yet the Spaniards have not been able with all their endeavours to find out the quarry of them which is the reason that they are so scarce and rare such of them as are found are the best of that kind in all Peru Howsoever from that and other parts of the West-Indies they have brought such great quantities of them into Spain as have made them cheap and disesteemed howsoever the Emeralds from other parts are not to be compared with those of Puerto Viejo the which grow in their Quarries and take their tincture from the nature of the Soil from whence they are produced ripening there with time like fruit in
bigness The Accountant General Augustine Carate in the 14th Chapter of his first Book having at any time occasion to speak of the Riches of the Royal Palaces belonging to the Incas reckons up vast Treasures and almost incredible but I shall onely repeat what he says particularly of this Golden Chain which I have extracted verbatim Guaynacava when he had a Son born caused a Golden Chain of that weight to be made as many Indians still alive can testifie that being fastened to the Ears or Luggs of two hundred Indians it could scarcely be raised by them and in memory of this remarkable Fabrick of Gold the Child's Name was called Guasca which in their Language signifies a Rope or Cable with the additional Title of Inca. And thus far are the Words of that noble Historian of Peru. This rich and magnificent piece of Gold together with other vast Treasures the Indians made away with or concealed so soon as the Spaniards invaded their Countrey and so confounded them beyond all recovery that no knowledge or intimation remains where any part of them is to be found And in regard this rich and stately piece of Gold was compounded and framed onely for that time when the Prince an Heir was to have his Lock cut and his Name imposed they surnamed him Huascar adding it to his other Names of Ynti Cusi Hualpa and because Huasca signifies a Rope or Cable for in the Language of Peru they have no Word for a Chain they for better Grace of the Word added R. the which took so much with his Subjects that they for the most part called him Huascar omitting Ynti Cusi Hualpa which Word Hualpa signifies the Sun of Chearfulness For whereas in those days the Incas became very potent and that power for the most part raises in Men a Spirit of Pride and Vanity so they began to be weary of those ordinary Titles which anciently expressed their Grandeur and Majesty and expected other Hyperbolies and Exaltations of Divine Attributes which might raise them to the Heavens and make their adoration equal to that of their God the Sun. So they called him Ynti which signifies the Sun or Phoebus Cusi Chearfulness Pleasure Contentment or Rejoycing And thus much shall serve in Explanation of the Names and Titles of the Inca Huascar Let us now return to his Father Huayna Capac who having given order for the making of this Chain and left sufficient directions for the fashion and size thereof that so it might be ready against the time that his Child was to be weaned he prosecuted the Design he had already began of making a Visit to the remote parts of his Empire the which having finished in the space of two Years being about the time that his Child was to be weaned he returned to Cozco where all things were prepared that could be contrived to make this Feast solemn and joyfull and full of divertisement and then the Child received the Name of Huascar CHAP. II. Ten Vallies of the Coast are reduced one after the other as they lay in order and Tumpiz surrenders of it self A Year being past after this Solemnity Huayna Capac ordered that an Army of forty thousand Men should be raised with which he marched into the Kingdom of Quitu taking the Eldest Daughter of the King of that Countrey which he had Conquered to be his Concubine during the time of that Expedition but first to prepare and hallow her she was sent to remain some days in the House of the Select Virgins By this Woman he had Atahualpa and his Brothers as we shall see by the sequel of this History From Quitu the Inca descended into the Plains by the Sea-coast and in prosecution of his Conquests he came to the Valley called Chimu now Trugillo which was the ultimate bounds to which his Grandfather the good Inca Yupanqui had proceeded as we have already mentioned From thence he sent his Heralds with the accustomary Summons and Offers of Peace and War to the Inhabitants of the Valley of Chacma and Pascasmayu These people having long been Borderers and Neighbours to the Subjects of the Inca had from them been informed of the gentleness of their Kings and the advantage of their Government and therefore from a quick sense of so much felicity returned answer That they desired nothing more than to be Subjects to the Inca to obey his Laws and be ruled by him All the other eight Vallies followed the Example of these two adjoining Provinces being situate between Pacasmayu and Tumpiz and are these which follow namely Canna Collque Cintu Tucmi Sayanca Mutupi Puchiu and Sullana in the settlement of which Countries and in the improvement of them with good Husbandry and in making Aqueducts to water their Glebe-lands and Pasturage two years were spent rather than in the Conquest or Subjection of them for they chearfully and with free Will surrendred themselves to the Inca. During which time the Inca relieved his Forces three or four times for in regard the Air of that Countrey was hot and moist and consequently unwholsome he judged it fit for the better health of his Subjects to change his Guards frequently that so the Diseases of the Countrey might not enter the Camp before they were again relieved by an exchange of fresh Men. The Inca having subjected these Vallies returned to the Kingdom of Quitu where he remained for the space of two Years that so he might adorn that Countrey with sumptuous Edifices and stately Aqueducts wherewith he advantaged and obliged that people After which he commanded a levy to be made of fifty thousand Souldiers which being raised and armed he marched with them along the Sea-coast untill they came to the Valley of Sullana which is the nearest Sea to Tumpiz from whence he sent his usual Summons and Offers of Peace and War. The Inhabitants of Tumpiz were a sort of people more luxurious in their Diet and Habit than all those who live on that Coast and had already submitted to Obedience of the Incas their manner was to wear a Garland on their Heads by way of distinction which they called Pillu Their Caciques or Lords maintained Buffoons Jesters Dancers and Singers for their Pastime and Divertisement but their Religion yet was vile and base for they adored Tigers and Lions and offered the Bloud and Hearts of Men in Sacrifice they were served and obeyed with great Fear and Awe by their own Subjects and feared by Strangers howsoever being possessed with dreadfull Apprehensions of the Inca they had no heart nor courage to make opposition against him and therefore returned Answer to his Heralds that they were with all willing obedience ready to receive him for their Lord and Emperour The like Answer was made by the Inhabitants of the Vallies upon the Coast and other In-land Nations called Chunana Chintu and Collonche Jaquall and others seated on the neighbouring parts CHAP. III. Of the punishment inflicted on those who killed the Officers
having heard and examined all the matter brought Vosso to Piçarro to tell the story himself who having repeated all as is before related and particularly that Centeno offered to be his Advocate and Intercessour Piçarro turned away in a rage and said that he scorned to receive favours from him who had been so much obliged to his Brothers and himself and understanding that the Letter contained little more than that he refused to reade it and like a furious and desperate man he ordered the Letter to be publickly burned to shew that he would enter into no Treaty with him And not to discourage his Souldiers he ordered Vosso to report that Centeno had not above seven hundred men though in reality he was above twelve hundred men strong Vosso having thus related all this matter and delivered his Message by means of a Friend of his to whom he did not communicate the Secret he bought a good Mule which cost eight hundred pieces of Eight and the next night he mounted thereon and by break of day had travelled twelve leagues from the Camp on his way toward the President passing by Arequepa where his Wife and Children were When Piçarro received the news of the flight or Vosso he wondred much at it and whispered it to Carvajal and told him that he did not now think it strange that many of those who had great obligations should desert him since Vosso who was his Servant and tied to him in duty and with all the bonds of humanity had denied him Carvajal answered that it was no strange thing to him for that he looked on Vosso to be in the number of those faint-hearted men who being afraid resolved to secure themselves by a Pardon which was the condition of most of those who had followed his Party and on the contrary it plainly appeared that such as were courageous and had been the least obliged were still fixed and constant to their Party And that it was one of the miseries of this world that no man respects or honours another but for his own interest and that so soon as he finds he hath no farther need of his assistence and favour he presently forgets all former ties of benefits received And now the falsity and treachery of Vosso being clear and apparent and the agreement between him and Centeno being discovered Piçarro complained of his misfortune in conferring his favours on those who had proved most ungratefull and being full of anger and despair he resolved since there was no place left for Treaty to venture all upon the success of a Battel and either overcome or dye The President whom we left on his way from Truxillo to Los Reyes had by this time received news of all matters which Gonçalo Piçarro had acted in that City and how his people had deserted and fled from him And whereas he understood from those very persons who were come in to him that Piçarro was marched along the Coast towards Arequepa he sent Orders to the Captains who were quartered in Cassamarca to march with their Troops in good order to the Valley of Sausa because he understood that that was a good Countrey and a good quarter for plenty of Provisions and a convenient situation for people to come in and for receiving such who fled from Piçarro Having given these Orders he marched forwards and as he travelled intelligence was brought him of the ruinous condition of Gonçalo Piçarro that of all his Army he had not two hundred men remaining who also expected an opportunity to escape that Acosta was in no better a condition for that of the three hundred men with which he marched out of Los Reyes above two hundred had deserted him with their Captains and Officers that the City of Los Reyes had declared for the King and that Lorenço de Aldana was possessed of the Government and lay in the Port with his Ships The President being much encouraged with this good news dispatched fresh advices thereof to his Captain-General Pedro de Hinojosa ordering him to march with all possible speed to Sausa which he accordingly did and not to lose time he passed by Los Reyes and took the shortest cut by way of the Mountains and came to Sausa where meeting with his former Captains they all rejoyced to see and meet each other And here the President remained some days during which time he set up Smiths Forges for making and repairing Arms and appointed several Officers and in short did all that became an able and a diligent Captain and to forward him in this work his Officers and Ministers were as diligent and as active as he omitting nothing which might tend to the destruction of their Enemy lest they should fall again into his power whom they had denied These good successes and prosperous proceedings were increased by the happy news which Vosso brought declaring the low and mean condition of Piçarro's Army and the welfare and numerous increase of that of Centeno's of which Vosso assured the President having seen both Armies and been an eye-witness of the state and condition of both Vosso delivered his Letters together with the Grant which Centeno had given him of a certain Plantation which the President readily confirmed and indeed it was his misfortune that the Gift was of no greater value for had it been one of the best Baronies in Peru there would have been no scruple in the conveyance of it in reward of the good news he brought which was so considerable and so well regarded that Orders were thereupon issued to several Captains to give a stop to their farther Leavies of men since that Diego Centeno had force sufficient without other assistances to subdue and destroy Piçarro And here we will leave them in their consultations and rejoycings at Arequepa to recount the cruel Battel of Huarina which happened in those days CHAP. XVIII Piçarro resolves to give them Battel Acosta is sent to alarm the Enemy in the night Diego Centeno draws out his Men and Piçarro doth the like GOnçalo Piçarro and his Captains being enraged with anger and disdain to find whilst they were treating of peace and accommodation that the Enemy had corrupted their Messenger and seduced him from the faith and duty he owed to his Lord and Master whereupon blinded with madness and rage they resolved to pursue their march and forcibly make their way through the midst of their Enemies and either to dye or conquer This resolution was taken at a consultation held by Piçarro and his Officers on occasion of the flight of Francisco Vosso and accordingly now to put it in execution they forbished and prepared their Arms to march towards Huarina but first they gave out a report that they intended by some other way to divert Centeno from giving them any interruption in the Pass they designed and to make this report the more credible they sent a message to Francisco de Espinosa to provide them with Indians and provisions on their way by
Brother trust me herein and when I come to my own Country I will send you 2000 pieces of Eight in payment thereof I do not doubt but he would have been as good as his word but my ill Fortune crossed me for three days after he arrived at Payta which is just on the Frontiers of Peru he died meerly by an excess of joy he conceived to see himself again in his own Country Pardon me Reader this Digression which I have presumed to make solely out of respect and affection to my School-fellow All the others died in their Banishment not one of them returning again to his own Country CHAP. XVIII How all the Incas of the Blood Royal and those of them born of Spanish Fathers and Indian Mothers were banished The Death and End of them all The Sentence given against the Prince with his Answer thereunto and how he received Holy Baptism ALL those Indians who were Males of the Royal Line and nearest of the Blood to the number of thirty six persons were all banished to the City of Los Reyes and there commanded to reside and not to stir from thence without special Order obtained from the Government With them also the two Sons and a Daughter of that poor Prince were sent the eldest of which was not above ten years of age The Incas being come to Rimac otherwise called the City of Los Reyes the Archbishop thereof named Don Geronimo Loaysa out of compassion to them took the little Girl home with intent to educate or breed her up in his own Family The others looking on themselves as Exiles driven out of their Country and Houses and put besides their natural ways of living took it so much to Heart and bewail'd their condition with such grief that in little more than the space of two years thirty five of them died together with the two Sons But what we may believe contributed likewise to their greater Mortality was the heat and moisture of the Climate upon the Sea-Coast wherein they lived For as we have said in our First Part of this History That the Air of the Plains is so different from that of the Mountains that those who have been bred in and accustomed to the Hilly Countries cannot endure the lower Airs which are made as it were Pestilential to them by the excessive heats and moistures of the Sea. This was the end of these poor Incas and as to the three which survived one of which was my School-fellow named Don Carlos the Son of Don Christoval Paulu of whom we have formerly made mention the Lords of the Chancery taking pity of their condition gave them liberty to return to their Houses and to more agreeable Air but they were so far spent and consumed beyond recovery that within a year and a half 's time all the three dyed Howsoever the whole Royal Line was not as yet totally extinct for the said Don Carlos left a Son who as we have said in the last Chapter of the first Part came into Spain with expectation to receive great Rewards and Preferments as he was promised in Peru but he died at Alcala de Hennares about the year 1610 by a Melancholly he conceived to see himself upon a quarrel he had with one who was a Knight as he was of the Order of St. Jago to be shut up within the Walls of a Convent and afterwards to be removed to another Convent where upon more discontent for his Imprisonment he dyed in the space of eight Months He left a Son of three or four Months old which was made Legitimate that it might be rendered thereby capable to inherit in right of his Father the same favour of his Majesty which by way of Pension was assigned to him on the Customs of Seville But the Child dying in a year afterwards the Allowance ceased And then was fulfilled the Prophesie which the Great Huayna Capac made concerning the Blood-Royal and that Empire In the Kingdom of Mexico though the Kings were very powerful in the times of their Gentilisme as Francisco Lopez de Gomara writes in his general History of the Indies yet no Wrong or Injury was done to them in matter of their due Inheritance or Right to the Succession because the Kings being Elective and chosen by the Grandees or Great Men according to their Vertue or Merit to the Government There was not the same Jealousy upon any in that Kingdom as was of the Heirs of Peru whom Suspition only brought to Destruction rather than any Faults or Conspiracy of their own as may appear by the Fate of this poor Prince who was sentenced to have his Head cut off But that his Condemnation might appear with some colour of Justice his Crimes were published by the Common Cryer namely That he intended to Rebel and that he had drawn into the Plot with him several Indians who were his Creatures together with those who were the Sons of Spaniards born of Indian Mothers designing thereby to deprive and dispossess his Catholick Majesty King Philip the Second who was Emperour of the New World of his Crown and Dignity within the Kingdom of Peru. This Sentence to have his Head cut off was signified to the poor Inca without telling him the Reasons or Causes of it To which he innocently made answer That he knew no Fault he was guilty of which could merit Death but in case the Vice-King had any Jealousie of him or his People he might easily secure himself from those fears by sending him under a secure Guard into Spain where he should be very glad to kiss the hands of Don Philip his Lord and Master He farther argued that it was impossible that any such imagination could enter into his Understanding for if his Father with 200000 Souldiers could not overcome 200 Spaniards whom they had besieged within the City of Cozco how then could it be imagined that he could think to rebel with a small number against such multitudes of Christians who were now increased and dispersed over all parts of the Empire That if he had conceived or complotted any evil design against the Spaniards he would never have suffered himself to have been taken but would have fled and retired from them but knowing himself to be innocent and without any Guilt he voluntarily yielded himself and accompanied them believing that they called him from the Mountains to confer the same Favours and Bounty on him as they had done on his Brother Don Diego Sayri Tupac Wherefore he appealed to the King of Castile his Lord and to the Pachacamac from this Sentence of the Vice-King who was not content to deprive him of his Empire with all the enjoyments therein unless also therewith he took away his Life without any fault or colour of offence so that now he could wellcome Death which was given him as the value and price of his Empire Besides this he said many other things which moved pity in the Hearts of all the standers by