dukedom_n and_o unite_v it_o to_o his_o crown_n he_o conquer_v also_o the_o duke_n of_o novogrod_n about_o ann_n 1488_o and_o unite_v that_o city_n with_o all_o its_o dominion_n to_o his_o own_o estate_n and_o carry_v from_o thence_o three_o hundred_o cart_n lade_v with_o gold_n silver_z jewel_n and_o other_o rich_a commodity_n to_o his_o treasury_n at_o moskow_n he_o war_v also_o with_o poland_n and_o livonia_n with_o various_a success_n by_o his_o first_o wife_n he_o have_v ivan_n who_o die_v before_o he_o and_o leave_v one_o son_n call_v demetri_fw-la afterward_o ivan_n marry_v sophia_n daughter_n to_o thomas_n paleologus_fw-la who_o reign_v in_o morea_n by_o who_o he_o have_v divers_a child_n this_o be_v a_o woman_n of_o great_a spirit_n and_o understanding_n so_o continual_o upbraid_v her_o husband_n with_o his_o slavery_n to_o the_o tartar_n that_o at_o length_n she_o force_v he_o to_o free_v himself_o herself_o contribute_v a_o beginning_n unto_o it_o for_o whereas_o the_o tartar_n have_v a_o house_n within_o the_o castle_n where_o live_v a_o governor_n and_o other_o that_o be_v as_o continual_a spy_n upon_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o russes_z she_o pretend_v a_o vow_n when_o with-child_a to_o build_v a_o church_n there_o when_o she_o be_v safe_o deliver_v have_v therefore_o bring_v forth_o a_o son_n she_o invite_v the_o tartar_n governor_n to_o the_o christen_n and_o cajol_v he_o with_o great_a kindness_n and_o magnificence_n beg_v that_o house_n of_o he_o for_o fulfil_v her_o vow_n which_o he_o grant_v afterward_o her_o husband_n and_o the_o muscovite_n take_v courage_n and_o never_o cease_v till_o they_o have_v shake_v off_o the_o tartar_n slavery_n though_o the_o tartar_n continue_v to_o this_o day_n to_o call_v they_o his_o golops_n or_o slave_n she_o wrought_v also_o much_o upon_o her_o husband_n now_o very_o ancient_a for_o he_o be_v sixty-six_a year_n of_o age_n when_o he_o die_v which_o be_v in_o 1492_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v forty-two_a year_n and_o seven_o month_n that_o pass_v by_o demetri_fw-la the_o son_n of_o john_n who_o he_o have_v by_o a_o former_a wife_n he_o declare_v her_o son_n gabriel_n who_o name_n he_o change_v to_o vasilie_o his_o successor_n vasilie_o prove_v a_o very_a great_a tyrant_n over_o the_o people_n and_o his_o own_o brother_n and_o family_n but_o he_o recover_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o have_v be_v conquer_v by_o vitoldus_n great_a duke_n of_o litvania_n in_o 1514_o he_o take_v plescow_n and_o smolensko_n but_o be_v unfortunate_a in_o his_o design_n against_o the_o tartar_n he_o marry_v helena_n daughter_n of_o glinski_n by_o who_o he_o have_v ivan_n call_v vasilowich_n who_o be_v bear_v aug._n 26_o 1528._o vasilie_o die_v 1532_o and_o make_v michael_n glinski_n tutor_n to_o his_o son_n ivan_n vasilowich_n begin_v his_o reign_n ann_n 1540_o who_o very_a great_a victory_n over_o his_o enemy_n his_o most_o barbarous_a cruelty_n and_o tyranny_n towards_o his_o subject_n and_o pretend_a sanctity_n have_v give_v large_a subject_n to_o all_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n and_o among_o other_o to_o paulus_n oderborn_n who_o have_v write_v a_o peculiar_a book_n of_o he_o however_o he_o behave_v himself_o in_o other_o respect_n he_o raise_v the_o empire_n of_o muscovy_n to_o its_o height_n he_o subdue_v the_o kingdom_n of_o casan_n and_o astracan_a which_o be_v signify_v by_o the_o two_o crown_n over_o the_o eagle_n head_n in_o his_o arms._n and_o astracan_a be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o circass-tartar_n have_v conquer_v that_o he_o reduce_v they_o also_o to_o term_n i._n e._n to_o accept_v of_o his_o government_n pay_v he_o some_o small_a tribute_n and_o to_o assist_v he_o with_o so_o many_o horse_n and_o arm_n in_o his_o war_n this_o nation_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o persia_n and_o be_v set_v upon_o by_o the_o turk_n when_o he_o go_v to_o invade_v persia_n they_o send_v to_o the_o tzar_n for_o engineer_n to_o fortify_v their_o town_n etc._n etc._n which_o he_o present_o send_v and_o with_o they_o also_o governor_n and_o soldier_n for_o their_o defence_n and_o his_o secure_v their_o obedience_n to_o himself_o for_o the_o future_a the_o subdue_a of_o the_o tartar_n alarm_v his_o neighbour_n but_o none_o more_o than_o selimus_n the_o turkish_a emperor_n who_o ann_n 1569_o send_v a_o army_n of_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o beside_o forty_o thousand_o crim-tartar_n to_o recover_v astracan_a and_o other_o place_n from_o the_o muscovite_n serebrine_n a_o very_a faithful_a and_o valiant_a general_n command_v in_o astracan_a who_o at_o first_o much_o wonder_v from_o whence_o such_o a_o army_n shall_v come_v have_v scarce_o ever_o hear_v of_o the_o turk_n but_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o want_v to_o his_o duty_n but_o hasten_v to_o strengthen_v his_o garrison_n with_o man_n and_o provision_n and_o give_v order_n to_o all_o the_o country_n especial_o those_o upon_o the_o caspian_a sea_n to_o hinder_v the_o turk_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v from_o provision_n the_o turk_n whether_o by_o mistake_n or_o malice_n of_o the_o tartar_n get_v into_o great_a wood_n where_o their_o slow_a march_n make_v they_o consume_v much_o of_o their_o store_n and_o the_o contrary_a wind_n hinder_v their_o ship_n upon_o the_o caspian_a sea_n from_o come_v up_o the_o river_n and_o cast_v some_o upon_o the_o shore_n which_o be_v all_o pillage_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o be_v very_o active_a in_o obedience_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o astracan_a however_o to_o the_o bank_n of_o volga_n they_o come_v whither_o serebrine_n go_v and_o make_v many_o successful_a skirmish_n with_o they_o in_o one_o he_o slay_v divers_a of_o their_o best_a officer_n and_o divers_a thousand_o of_o their_o man_n meanwhile_o victual_n grow_v scarce_o in_o the_o turkish_a army_n and_o those_o few_o ship_n that_o escape_v the_o wind_n and_o the_o russes_z brought_z refreshment_n but_o no_o such_o quantity_n as_o can_v serve_v they_o any_o considerable_a time_n so_o that_o they_o begin_v to_o retreat_v but_o their_o ill_a diet_n and_o the_o bad_a air_n of_o these_o marsh_n especial_o in_o the_o end_n of_o autumn_n bring_v the_o plague_n among_o they_o their_o magazine_n of_o powder_n also_o at_o azoph_n be_v by_o lightning_n blow_v up_o and_o to_o complete_a their_o misery_n the_o remainder_n of_o the_o army_n be_v ship_v upon_o the_o black_a sea_n be_v cast_v away_o so_o that_o very_o few_o of_o that_o vast_a army_n return_v to_o constantinople_n and_o the_o russ_n have_v by_o that_o mean_v establish_v himself_o more_o firm_o in_o the_o conquest_n of_o all_o those_o country_n ivan_n vasilowich_n conquer_v also_o a_o great_a part_n of_o livonia_n and_o many_o other_o place_n by_o his_o first_o wife_n he_o have_v two_o son_n ivan_n who_o himself_o kill_v with_o his_o staff_n and_o pheodor_n who_o succeed_v he_o he_o have_v many_o wife_n and_o one_o he_o put_v into_o a_o monastery_n for_o her_o sterility_n who_o there_o within_o two_o month_n bring_v forth_o a_o son_n call_v demetri_fw-la but_o notwithstanding_o that_o she_o be_v force_v into_o the_o nunnery_n and_o have_v a_o son_n there_o yet_o can_v she_o never_o get_v out_o some_o say_v that_o this_o be_v the_o act_n of_o his_o father_n it_o may_v be_v that_o both_o concur_v in_o this_o as_o in_o many_o other_o act_n of_o injustice_n and_o tyranny_n he_o die_v march_v 28._o 1584._o leave_v two_o son_n pheodor_n and_o demetri_fw-la pheodor_n be_v a_o very_a weak_a prince_n and_o have_v marry_v the_o sister_n of_o boris_n feodorowich_n godanove_n leave_v the_o manage_n of_o all_o affair_n to_o he_o who_o have_v cause_v demetrius_n to_o be_v murder_v as_o be_v say_v and_o make_v his_o party_n among_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n pheodor_n also_o after_o awhile_o ann_n 1597_o have_v reign_v twelve_o year_n die_v the_o last_o of_o the_o house_n of_o beala_n after_o much_o dissemble_a tergiversation_n be_v choose_v grand_a tzar_n and_o reign_v seven_o year_n peaceable_o till_o a_o impostor_n griski_n or_o gregory_n otrapeion_n fly_v into_o poland_n and_o there_o declare_v himself_o to_o be_v demetri_fw-la the_o son_n of_o ivan_n vasilowich_n who_o as_o he_o say_v be_v not_o murder_v but_o another_o in_o his_o stead_n be_v furnish_v by_o divers_a nobleman_n of_o poland_n with_o a_o army_n to_o recover_v his_o right_n boris_n in_o the_o time_n of_o pheodor_n though_o he_o have_v oblige_v some_o of_o the_o boiar_n yet_o have_v he_o make_v away_o divers_a even_o of_o the_o best_a nobility_n who_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o contest_v his_o power_n follow_v herein_o the_o step_n of_o ivan_n vasilowich_n he_o also_o incur_v their_o hatred_n the_o more_o by_o his_o engross_n to_o himself_o and_o family_n all_o the_o gainful_a employment_n before_o he_o be_v choose_v emperor_n for_o he_o have_v then_o no_o less_o than_o ninety-three_a thousand_o and_o seven_o hundred_o
quite_o cross_a the_o country_n in_o this_o principality_n be_v most_o of_o the_o mine_n of_o silver_n mine_n mine_n copper_n lead_v etc._n etc._n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lunenburg_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v at_o rammelsberg_n wildeman_n and_o zellerfeld_n rammelsberg_n be_v a_o high_a mountain_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n goslar_n on_o one_o side_n shade_v with_o part_n of_o the_o hercynian_a forest_n but_o on_o the_o other_o cover_v with_o nothing_o but_o moss_n the_o german_a historian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o mine_n on_o this_o mounttain_n be_v first_o discover_v in_o the_o year_n 972_o by_o a_o hunter_n who_o have_v tie_v his_o horse_n to_o a_o bush_n and_o go_v some_o distance_n from_o he_o at_o his_o return_n find_v a_o great_a piece_n of_o ore_n beat_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n with_o his_o horse_n hoof_n this_o hunter_n they_o say_v be_v surname_v ram_n and_o thence_o the_o mountain_n get_v the_o name_n of_o rammelsberg_n upon_o the_o bruit_n of_o this_o discovery_n the_o emperor_n otho_n i._n immediate_o procure_v a_o company_n of_o frank_n that_o well_o understand_v the_o art_n of_o melt_v and_o refine_n all_o sort_n of_o mineral_n and_o send_v they_o hither_o to_o teach_v the_o saxon_n their_o mystery_n to_o which_o before_o that_o time_n they_o be_v utter_a stranger_n from_o these_o frank_n the_o town_n of_o frankenburg_n not_o far_o from_o the_o mine_n of_o rammelsberg_n have_v its_o name_n not_o long_o after_o the_o riches_n of_o this_o mountain_n have_v be_v thus_o discover_v the_o miner_n be_v grow_v so_o numerous_a that_o this_o one_o place_n can_v neither_o find_v work_n nor_o food_n enough_o for_o such_o vast_a multitude_n as_o daily_o resort_v thither_o whereupon_o they_o begin_v to_o seek_v for_o new_a treasure_n in_o the_o neighbour_a hill_n and_o meet_v with_o so_o good_a success_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1045_o as_o albinus_n testify_v another_o great_a vein_n of_o ore_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o place_n where_o wild-man_n now_o stand_v and_o a_o three_o at_o zellerfeld_n in_o the_o year_n 1070._o this_o last_o town_n be_v now_o the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o mine-city_n belong_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o brunswic_n here_o the_o chief_a overseer_n of_o the_o mine_n keep_v his_o court_n every_o saturday_n and_o order_n every_o workman_n his_o pay_n for_o the_o week_n past_a the_o chief_a metal_n which_o be_v find_v in_o these_o mine_n be_v silver_n lethargy_n lead_v 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o two_o sort_n of_o copper_n one_o whereof_o be_v melt_v out_o of_o the_o ore_n like_o other_o metal_n the_o other_o be_v make_v by_o the_o vitriol_n water_n upon_o great_a plate_n of_o iron_n which_o they_o steep_a in_o trough_n make_v for_o this_o purpose_n beside_o these_o metal_n they_o find_v a_o great_a many_o sort_n of_o mineral_n which_o abundant_o recompense_v the_o workman_n labour_n though_o not_o sufficient_a to_o atone_v for_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o life_n which_o be_v too_o often_o take_v away_o by_o their_o nauseous_a and_o deadly_a smell_n the_o rich_a of_o these_o be_v 1._o grey_a vitriol_n 2._o atramentstein_n or_o ink-stone_n a_o mineral_n of_o many_o various_a colour_n out_o of_o these_o two_o bray_v and_o boil_v together_o be_v make_v the_o ordinary_a green_a vitriol_n 3._o gedien_fw-mi vitriol_n which_o grow_v like_o icicle_n out_o of_o the_o rock_n and_o may_v be_v use_v without_o any_o further_o cleanse_v or_o purify_n 4._o blue_n vitriol_n common_o make_v out_o of_o the_o copper_n ore_n 5._o white_a vitriol_n make_v of_o lead_n ore_n 6._o misy_n a_o mineral_n much_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n and_o nature_n with_o the_o ordinary_a yellow_a brimstone_n 7._o brimstone_n make_v out_o of_o a_o peculiar_a sort_n of_o ore_n find_v here_o in_o great_a quantity_n out_o of_o which_o drop_v the_o store_n sulphuris_fw-la which_o usual_o coagulate_a like_o icesicles_n the_o several_a way_n of_o discover_v of_o mine_n order_v of_o mineral_n ore_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o same_o here_o as_o at_o friberg_n and_o other_o mine-town_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n so_o that_o for_o a_o account_n of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a rarity_n we_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o misnia_n the_o metropolis_n or_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o grubenhagen_n be_v eimbeck_n or_o einbeck_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o say_v letzner_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o confluence_n of_o a_o great_a many_o small_a rivulet_n in_o this_o place_n into_o one_o common_a stream_n for_o beck_n in_o the_o dialect_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o northern_a english_a signify_v the_o same_o with_o the_o high_a dutch_a word_n bache_n a_o rivulet_n or_o small_a torrent_n the_o only_a trade_n of_o the_o town_n be_v former_o in_o breuhane_n which_o be_v here_o brew_v and_o export_v into_o many_o of_o the_o neighbour_a part_n but_o of_o late_a year_n the_o citizen_n have_v addict_v themselves_o exceed_o to_o husbandry_n and_o tillage_n and_o enrich_v the_o city_n mighty_o with_o their_o comtrade_n which_o will_v doubtless_o be_v daily_o advance_v if_o they_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o good_a river_n to_o take_v off_o their_o vast_a stock_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n clausthal_n altenau_n andreasberg_n osterrode_v and_o the_o other_o great_a town_n of_o this_o principality_n be_v whole_o inhabit_v by_o miner_n who_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o people_n breed_v in_o cave_n and_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o trouble_v themselves_o with_o the_o erect_n of_o fair_a structure_n above_o ground_n the_o county_n of_o blanckenburg_n and_o reinstein_n this_o county_n as_o appear_v from_o many_o ancient_a charter_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o other_o instrument_n sign_v by_o several_a of_o the_o german_a emperor_n be_v former_o call_v hartingow_n or_o hartgow_n which_o name_n the_o dutch_a writer_n explain_v by_o das_z gow_z a_o hartz_n and_o we_o may_v english_a it_o the_o hercynian_a county_n for_o as_o the_o ancient_a roman_n divide_v their_o whole_a land_n into_o so_o many_o province_n which_o be_v again_o subdivide_v into_o certain_a praefecturas_fw-la praesidiatus_fw-la colenias_n or_o municipia_fw-la so_o old_a germany_n consist_v of_o a_o set_a number_n of_o gown_n or_o pflegen_n and_o these_o be_v make_v up_o of_o inferior_a voigteyen_n or_o dingstule_n that_o be_v hundred_o or_o bailiwick_n for_o although_o the_o word_n gowe_z and_o pflege_n now_o fleck_n signify_v pagus_n a_o town_n yet_o the_o old_a saxon_n and_o other_o people_n of_o germany_n have_v not_o former_o above_o one_o of_o these_o in_o a_o whole_a county_n so_o that_o gow-graff_a or_o judex_n paganus_fw-la be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o thing_n as_o come_v a_o earl_n or_o count_n but_o when_o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1100_o the_o name_n of_o gown_n begin_v to_o be_v antiquate_v and_o lay_v aside_o hartingow_n once_o the_o large_a county_n in_o the_o low_a saxony_n be_v forget_v and_o the_o county_n or_o grassschaft_n a_o new_a word_n instead_o of_o gowe_z take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o two_o chief_a fort_n in_o it_o blackenburg_n and_o reinstein_n together_o with_o its_o name_n it_o lose_v its_o ancient_a boundary_n and_o be_v contract_v into_o a_o much_o narrow_a compass_n then_o former_o for_o the_o county_n of_o stolberg_n schwartzburg_n and_o hohenstein_n with_o the_o bishopric_n of_o quedlinburg_n and_o county_n of_o wernigerode_n be_v cut_v off_o from_o this_o province_n however_o because_o the_o county_n of_o wernigerode_n be_v still_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o master_n with_o blackenburg_n we_o shall_v at_o present_a comprise_v both_o province_n under_o one_o name_n and_o give_v a_o description_n of_o they_o together_o tacitus_n speak_v of_o these_o part_n tell_v we_o the_o inhabitant_n live_v in_o a_o intolerable_a sharp_a air_n and_o seneca_n say_v they_o have_v a_o continual_a winter_n and_o certain_o if_o this_o character_n may_v be_v just_o appropriate_v to_o any_o province_n in_o germany_n it_o be_v to_o this_o which_o be_v continual_o expose_v to_o the_o northwind_n and_o endure_v the_o cold_a blast_n from_o the_o top_n of_o bructerus_n and_o the_o neighbour_a mountain_n which_o be_v usual_o cover_v with_o snow_n till_o midsummer_n but_o this_o sharp_a air_n be_v not_o destructive_a to_o the_o healthy_a and_o vigorous_a constitution_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o more_o common_o than_o any_o other_o german_n arrive_v at_o the_o age_n of_o 100_o or_o 110_o year_n but_o however_o be_v there_o such_o a_o intempery_n coeli_fw-la as_o these_o author_n mention_n constant_o hover_v over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o blackenburger_n yet_o that_o inconvenience_n will_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n be_v recompense_v by_o those_o other_o way_n whereby_o nature_n have_v enrich_v this_o country_n for_o the_o valley_n though_o they_o afford_v but_o little_a corn_n yet_o be_v as_o plentiful_o stock_v with_o kine_n
nation_n of_o their_o prince_n remarkable_a action_n etc._n etc._n and_o these_o head_n take_v in_o the_o sum_n of_o what_o be_v endeavour_v as_o the_o principal_a intention_n in_o this_o work_n of_o the_o artificial_a division_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o what_o 〈◊〉_d depend_v hereupon_o the_o supreme_a celestial_a sphere_n though_o it_o have_v real_o no_o line_n at_o all_o describe_v upon_o it_o yet_o 〈◊〉_d the_o benefit_n of_o our_o conception_n and_o expressible_a be_v suppose_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a part_n 〈◊〉_d imaginary_a circle_n which_o artist_n have_v give_v â—â—â—gs_n and_o name_n unto_o the_o plane_n of_o these_o â—â—â—cles_n be_v continue_v down_o to_o the_o inferior_a â—â—â—s_n and_o earth_n be_v conceive_v to_o divide_v they_o 〈◊〉_d into_o the_o like_a part_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o 〈◊〉_d eight_o four_o great_a one_o which_o divide_v the_o â—â—â—vens_n and_o earth_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n and_o mcnany_o lesser_a which_o divide_v they_o unequal_o the_o â—â—at_a one_o be_v the_o horizon_n meridian_n equator_fw-la and_o 〈◊〉_d zodiac_n the_o two_o former_a of_o which_o be_v vaâ—â—â—le_a differ_v according_a to_o place_n the_o two_o â—â—â—er_n be_v fix_v and_o the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n the_o â—â—â—â—r_a one_o be_v the_o two_o tropic_n one_o of_o cancer_n 〈◊〉_d other_o of_o capricorn_n with_o the_o two_o polar_a â—â—â—les_n one_o the_o arctic_a or_o northern_a the_o other_o the_o nearctic_a or_o southern_a these_o and_o all_o circle_n 〈◊〉_d divide_v into_o 360_o part_n or_o degree_n each_o of_o which_o degree_n be_v again_o subdivide_v into_o 60_o minute_n these_o again_o into_o 60_o second_o etc._n etc._n the_o horizon_n so_o call_v because_o it_o terminate_v our_o sight_n be_v that_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o heaven_n horizon_n horizon_n which_o divide_v the_o superior_a and_o visible_a from_o the_o inferior_a and_o invisible_a hemisphere_n as_o in_o the_o scheme_n hh_v the_o two_o point_n every_o way_n 90_o degree_n distant_a from_o it_o be_v its_o pole_n z._n n._n the_o superior_a of_o which_o be_v exact_o over_o our_o head_n be_v our_o zenith_n or_o vertical_a point_n the_o inferior_a which_o be_v diametrical_o opposite_a to_o it_o our_o nadir_n so_o that_o our_o horizon_n vari_v though_o not_o sensible_o every_o step_n that_o we_o move_v the_o circle_n draw_v from_o one_o of_o its_o pole_n to_o the_o other_o and_o cut_v it_o at_o right_a angle_n be_v azimuth_n those_o lesser_a one_o parallel_n to_o it_o be_v almicanter_n it_o be_v usual_o distinguish_v into_o rational_a which_o exact_o divide_v the_o heaven_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n because_o its_o centre_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o sensible_a which_o divide_v they_o unequal_o because_o its_o centre_n be_v at_o our_o eye_n but_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o superior_a orb_n the_o distinction_n in_o respect_n of_o they_o be_v useless_a and_o impertinent_a â—his_fw-la line_n intersect_v the_o horizon_n at_o right_a â—â—â—es_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o its_o partition_n into_o 〈◊〉_d oast_n call_v the_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n from_o â—â—â—nce_n the_o wind_n receive_v their_o denomination_n for_o 〈◊〉_d line_n extend_v between_o the_o two_o intersection_n 〈◊〉_d the_o meridian_n line_n point_v north_n and_o south_n 〈◊〉_d her_o intersect_n it_o at_o right_a angle_n point_v east_n 〈◊〉_d west_n which_o four_o be_v the_o cardinal_n wind_n 〈◊〉_d distance_n betwixt_o each_o of_o these_o be_v equal_o â—â—â—ded_v give_v four_o more_o each_o of_o these_o 8_o be_v â—â—â—n_o divide_v give_v 16_o these_o again_o so_o divide_v 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v distant_a from_o one_o another_o 11_o deg_fw-la â—â—â—min_fw-fr and_o thus_o name_v north._n north_n and_o by_o east_n north_n north_n east_n north_n east_n &_o by_o north_n north_n east_n north_n east_n and_o by_o east_n east_n north_n east_n east_n and_o by_o north_n south_n south_n and_o by_o west_n south_n south_n west_n south_n west_n &_o by_o south_n south_n west_n south_n west_n and_o by_o west_n west_n south_n west_n west_n and_o by_o south_n east_n east_n and_o by_o south_n east_n south_n east_n south_n east_n and_o by_o east_n south_n east_n south_n east_n &_o by_o south_n south_n south_n east_n south_n and_o by_o east_n west_n west_n and_o by_o north_n west_n north_n west_n north_n west_n &_o by_o west_n north_n west_n north_n west_n &_o by_o north_n north_n north_n west_n north_n and_o by_o west_n some_o have_v subdivide_v each_o of_o these_o into_o two_o part_n and_o reckon_v 64_o but_o that_o division_n be_v general_o reject_v as_o be_v too_o nice_a for_o use_v the_o line_n extend_v betwixt_o each_o of_o these_o and_o its_o opposite_a be_v that_o which_o mariner_n call_v a_o rumb_n describe_v by_o the_o ship_n follow_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o needle_n so_o that_o if_o it_o sail_v towards_o any_o of_o the_o cardinal_n point_v it_o describe_v a_o be_v of_o a_o circle_n if_o towards_o any_o other_o a_o spiral_n line_n the_o equator_fw-la be_v a_o great_a circle_n equator_fw-la equator_fw-la draw_v at_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o both_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n i_fw-mi it_o be_v so_o call_v because_o when_o the_o sun_n enter_v into_o it_o as_o it_o do_v about_o the_o ten_o of_o march_n and_o thirteen_o of_o september_n it_o make_v the_o day_n and_o night_n equal_a in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o world_n the_o zodiac_n be_v a_o great_a circle_n zodiac_n zodiac_n which_o cut_v the_o equator_fw-la oblique_o into_o two_o equal_a part_n ece_n its_o great_a declination_n or_o distance_n from_o it_o be_v about_o 23_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n it_o be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o 12_o sign_n that_o be_v in_o it_o aries_n taurus_n etc._n etc._n each_o of_o which_o contain_v 30_o deg_fw-la because_o that_o be_v the_o twelve_o part_n of_o 360._o the_o beginning_n of_o aries_n and_o libra_n be_v the_o equinoctial_a point_n and_o the_o meridian_n draw_v through_o they_o be_v the_o equinoctial_a colour_n pep_v as_o that_o through_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n be_v the_o solstitial_a pcp_n the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n be_v a_o lesser_a circle_n tropic_n tropic_n describe_v by_o that_o point_n of_o the_o zodiac_n which_o be_v most_o distant_a from_o the_o equator_fw-la bcb_fw-la in_o this_o the_o sun_n move_v when_o it_o it_o have_v obtain_v its_o utmost_a northern_a declination_n which_o be_v about_o june_n 11._o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n be_v that_o answerable_a to_o it_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la wherein_o the_o sun_n move_v when_o it_o have_v attain_v to_o its_o utmost_a southern_a declination_n dd_v which_o be_v about_o dec._n 12._o the_o arctic_a and_o antarctic_a circle_n circle_n polar_a circle_n be_v those_o little_a one_o so_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n as_o the_o tropic_n be_v from_o the_o equator_fw-la aa_o and_o ee_o because_o they_o be_v describe_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n which_o be_v distant_a from_o those_o of_o the_o world_n 23_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n beside_o these_o four_o we_o may_v imagine_v innumerable_a other_o little_a circle_n parallel_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la such_o as_o in_o globe_n and_o map_n be_v draw_v every_o 10_o deg_fw-la for_o the_o more_o ready_a observation_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n as_o in_o the_o scheme_n 10_o 10_o 20_o 20_o etc._n etc._n these_o 4_o less_o circle_n divide_v the_o earth_n into_o 5_o part_n zone_n zone_n which_o be_v call_v zone_n but_o this_o partition_n be_v of_o more_o note_n among_o the_o ancient_n then_o now_o it_o be_v though_o it_o can_v never_o be_v of_o any_o considerable_a use_n for_o to_o describe_v the_o situation_n of_o a_o country_n only_o by_o say_v that_o it_o be_v in_o such_o or_o such_o a_o zone_n be_v too_o wide_a a_o direction_n to_o find_v it_o out_o the_o two_o frigid_a one_o comprehend_v within_o the_o polar_a circle_n they_o think_v unhabitable_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o extreme_a cold_a and_o darkness_n as_o also_o they_o do_v the_o torrid_a one_o betwixt_o the_o tropic_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o exceussie_a heat_n so_o that_o the_o two_o temperate_a one_o betwixt_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o tropic_n be_v only_o leave_v to_o be_v inhabit_v but_o these_o mistake_n have_v long_o since_o by_o the_o improvement_n of_o navigation_n and_o merchandize_v be_v discover_v for_o even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n under_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v now_o well_o know_v to_o lie_v ethiopia_n sumatra_n and_o many_o island_n as_o populous_a and_o fruitful_a as_o any_o in_o the_o temperate_a one_o nor_o be_v they_o so_o much_o hot_a than_o we_o as_o they_o be_v near_o the_o sun_n because_o the_o length_n of_o their_o night_n be_v always_o about_o twelve_o hour_n the_o frequency_n of_o their_o rain_n and_o the_o briskness_n and_o constancy_n of_o their_o wind_n
do_v extraordinary_o temperate_a the_o heat_n which_o else_o will_v extreme_o infest_v they_o and_o though_o nothing_o of_o the_o southern_a frigid_a zone_n be_v yet_o discover_v yet_o much_o which_o lie_v within_o the_o northern_a be_v as_o greenland_n lapland_n and_o divers_a other_o place_n which_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o volume_n which_o show_v that_o though_o the_o other_o be_v unknown_a to_o we_o yet_o it_o may_v notwithstanding_o its_o cold_a be_v inhabit_v as_o well_o as_o this_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o frigid_a zone_n be_v call_v periscii_n because_o when_o the_o sun_n by_o its_o annual_a motion_n be_v rise_v to_o they_o it_o move_v round_o about_o they_o without_o set_v and_o so_o cast_v their_o shadow_n towards_o every_o part_n of_o the_o horizon_n those_o of_o the_o temperate_a one_o be_v heteroscii_n because_o their_o noon_n shadow_n be_v always_o cast_v only_o one_o way_n we_o northward_o the_o other_o southward_n those_o of_o the_o torrid_a one_o be_v amphiscii_n because_o their_o meridional_a shadow_n be_v sometime_o north_n sometime_o south_n nor_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o clime_n climate_n climate_n by_o lesser_a circle_n parallel_v to_o the_o equator_fw-la of_o much_o more_o use_n than_o the_o former_a for_o by_o say_v that_o a_o country_n lie_v somewhere_o within_o 8_o deg_fw-la 25_o min._n of_o the_o equator_fw-la where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v above_o twelve_o hour_n and_o less_o than_o twelve_o and_o a_o half_a which_o be_v the_o first_o clime_n its_o situation_n be_v but_o little_o better_a describe_v then_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v it_o be_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o 24_o clime_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o subdivision_n of_o the_o zone_n into_o such_o unequal_a space_n that_o the_o long_a day_n in_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v next_o to_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v short_a by_o half_a a_o hour_n than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o other_o part_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o pole_n so_o that_o look_v how_o many_o hour_n the_o long_a day_n in_o any_o country_n do_v exceed_v twelve_o the_o double_a of_o that_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o clime_n where_o it_o lie_v as_o because_o in_o england_n the_o long_a day_n be_v about_o sixteen_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a therefore_o it_o be_v in_o the_o nine_o clime_n or_o eighteen_o parallel_n for_o one_o of_o the_o other_o make_v two_o of_o these_o and_o thus_o we_o may_v reckon_v in_o the_o southern_a as_o well_o as_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n till_o we_o come_v to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n where_o the_o clime_n end_n for_o here_o the_o long_a day_n be_v twentyfour_o hour_n i._n e._n the_o entire_a revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n they_o increase_v so_o fast_o that_o they_o must_v be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o difference_n of_o week_n and_o month_n as_o a_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a within_o the_o polar_a circle_n the_o long_a day_n be_v a_o month_n three_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a two_o month_n six_o deg_fw-la 50_o min._n three_o month_n 11_o deg_fw-la 50_o min._n four_o month_n 17_o deg_fw-la 30._o min._n five_o month_n 90_o deg_fw-la six_o month_n those_o who_o inhabit_v the_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o same_o clime_n have_v summer_n and_o winter_n together_o but_o not_o day_n and_o night_n and_o be_v call_v perioeci_n those_o who_o inhabit_v the_o same_o point_n of_o clime_n equal_o distant_a from_o the_o equator_fw-la have_v day_n and_o night_n but_o not_o summer_n and_o winter_n together_o and_o be_v call_v antoeci_n the_o perioeci_n and_o antoeci_n therefore_o agree_v in_o neither_o but_o be_v antipode_n to_o each_o other_o live_v under_o point_n diametrical_o opposite_a but_o the_o most_o exact_a and_o now_o most_o usual_a description_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o place_n be_v by_o their_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n the_o latitude_n of_o any_o point_n be_v its_o near_a distance_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la as_o e_z 10_o e_z 20_o etc._n etc._n towards_o p._n it_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o arc_n of_o the_o meridian_n intercept_v betwixt_o they_o this_o direct_v to_o the_o very_a circle_n under_o some_o part_n of_o which_o the_o place_n lie_v and_o so_o give_v a_o better_a account_n of_o its_o sitethen_a zone_n and_o clime_n do_v therefore_o some_o former_o describe_v the_o situation_n of_o country_n by_o this_o only_a but_o to_o render_v the_o direction_n complete_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o longitude_n also_o be_v add_v unto_o it_o this_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o first_o meridian_n to_o be_v number_v in_o the_o equator_fw-la from_o 1_o to_o 360_o as_o in_o the_o scheme_n e_o 10_o 20_o etc._n etc._n towards_o e._n but_o where_o to_o fix_v this_o first_o or_o great_a meridian_n geographer_n can_v never_o yet_o well_o agree_v from_o whence_o many_o confusion_n have_v be_v occasion_v and_o be_v still_o continue_v in_o this_o science_n and_o will_v not_o be_v thorough_o redress_v till_o they_o concur_v in_o the_o determination_n of_o this_o point_n which_o though_o it_o may_v be_v fix_v indifferent_o in_o any_o note_a place_n yet_o they_o have_v all_o thus_o far_o agree_v as_o to_o place_v it_o in_o some_o of_o the_o most_o western_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n move_v by_o their_o proper_a motion_n fromward_o the_o west_n towards_o the_o east_n ptolemy_n and_o other_o ancient_a geographer_n fix_v it_o in_o hera_n or_o junonia_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o fortunate_a or_o canary_n island_n and_o as_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o which_o now_o be_v call_v teneriff_n hence_o the_o arabian_n translate_v it_o about_o ten_o degree_n eastward_o some_o of_o our_o late_a geographer_n transfer_v it_o to_o the_o azore_n or_o insulae_fw-la flandricae_fw-la think_v that_o a_o meridian_n draw_v over_o these_o do_v pass_v through_o the_o pole_n towards_o which_o the_o loadstone_n point_v as_o well_o as_o through_o those_o of_o the_o world_n because_o here_o they_o observe_v no_o variation_n of_o the_o needle_n but_o they_o differ_v in_o assign_v through_o which_o of_o these_o isle_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v describe_v some_o place_n it_o in_o st._n michael_n which_o be_v about_o 9_o deg_fw-la more_o west_n than_o teneriff_n because_o here_o they_o say_v the_o compass_n vary_v least_o other_o say_v that_o the_o variation_n be_v less_o in_o corvo_n which_o lie_v about_o 6_o deg_fw-la weft_n of_o this_o i._n e._n 15_o of_o teneriff_n and_o therefore_o fix_v it_o here_o but_o some_o of_o the_o late_a find_v the_o great_a inconvenience_n that_o there_o be_v in_o have_v different_a longitude_n apply_v to_o the_o same_o place_n and_o also_o experiment_v a_o far_o great_a variation_n in_o the_o azore_n than_o be_v pretend_v have_v reduce_v it_o again_o to_o teneriffe_n and_o suppose_v it_o describe_v over_o the_o top_n of_o el_n pico_n or_o the_o peak_n which_o be_v the_o most_o note_a and_o accuminate_v mountain_n in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v better_a fit_v for_o such_o a_o purpose_n than_o any_o shore_n or_o whole_a island_n can_v be_v because_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a to_o be_v at_o all_o remove_v as_o shore_n sometime_o by_o the_o encroachment_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o a_o good_a space_n be_v and_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v but_o of_o a_o very_a small_a compass_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o point_n hence_o longitude_n may_v be_v compute_v even_o to_o a_o minute_n which_o from_o the_o forename_a term_n can_v scarce_o be_v do_v to_o a_o degree_n from_o hence_o all_o the_o longitude_n in_o the_o map_n of_o this_o atlas_n be_v reckon_v and_o we_o wish_v that_o in_o all_o the_o new_a one_o which_o shall_v be_v draw_v henceforward_o it_o may_v be_v so_o to_o or_o at_o least_o that_o it_o may_v particular_o be_v express_v in_o they_o from_o what_o meridian_n it_o be_v that_o they_o compute_v that_o so_o the_o account_n of_o longitude_n may_v become_v more_o intelligible_a and_o useful_a then_o for_o want_v of_o such_o direction_n it_o common_o be_v in_o most_o of_o our_o map_n have_v the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o any_o place_n give_v to_o find_v it_o in_o the_o map_n reckon_v the_o longitude_n among_o the_o meridian_n which_o common_o be_v describe_v from_o the_o upper_a to_o the_o low_a side_n thereof_o and_o the_o latitude_n among_o the_o parallel_n which_o be_v always_o draw_v the_o contrary_a way_n and_o where_o you_o see_v or_o guess_v that_o these_o two_o line_n intersect_v each_o other_o be_v the_o place_n seek_v for_o the_o latitude_n may_v be_v find_v out_o either_o in_o the_o day_n by_o the_o sun_n latitude_n how_o to_o find_v the_o latitude_n or_o in_o the_o night_n by_o the_o star_n the_o elevation_n
that_o the_o ancient_a iselander_n be_v man_n of_o the_o same_o temper_n manner_n and_o religion_n with_o the_o norwegian_n from_o who_o they_o be_v descend_v i._n e._n man_n of_o vast_a stature_n strong_a and_o valiant_a great_a dueller_n and_o pirate_n but_o since_o christianity_n be_v introduce_v into_o their_o isle_n none_o of_o those_o barbarous_a quality_n which_o that_o dutch_a satirist_n lay_v to_o their_o charge_n can_v just_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o catholic_a enormity_n of_o the_o island_n '_o tho_o it_o be_v possible_a some_o few_o may_v still_o be_v find_v among_o several_a thousand_o that_o to_o this_o day_n retain_v a_o small_a tincture_n of_o the_o old_a idolatrous_a superstition_n and_o ungentile_a demeanour_n of_o their_o ancestor_n their_o temperance_n in_o meat_n and_o drink_n and_o the_o natural_o strong_a constitution_n of_o their_o body_n enable_v they_o to_o last_v out_o common_o to_o a_o good_a old_a age_n though_o i_o can_v but_o refer_v olaus_n magnus_n and_o blefkenius_fw-la to_o the_o reader_n sentence_n the_o former_a of_o which_o tell_v we_o the_o iselander_n live_v ordinary_o three_o hundred_o year_n the_o latter_a with_o more_o modesty_n and_o caution_n which_o in_o he_o be_v rare_a quality_n report_v that_o he_o see_v a_o man_n in_o iseland_n who_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o have_v then_o live_v two_o hundred_o year_n by_o the_o account_n which_o blefkenius_fw-la give_v of_o the_o habitation_n of_o the_o iselander_n habitation_n habitation_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v conclude_v that_o either_o he_o never_o travel_v among_o they_o whatever_o he_o pretend_v to_o or_o else_o he_o mistake_v their_o house_n cover_v with_o turf_n and_o grow_v over_o with_o grass_n for_o small_a hillock_n and_o rampire_n for_o he_o say_v all_o their_o house_n be_v underground_o and_o they_o their_o kine_n horse_n and_o sheep_n have_v all_o one_o cave_n ancient_o the_o iselander_n like_o the_o german_n in_o tacitus_n day_n dwell_v far_o apart_o according_a as_o every_o man_n take_v a_o affection_n to_o this_o field_n or_o that_o fountain_n this_o wood_n side_n or_o that_o plain_a they_o use_v neither_o mortar_n nor_o tile_n but_o the_o whole_a fabric_n of_o their_o house_n consist_v of_o timber_n and_o turf_n their_o window_n be_v most_o common_o in_o the_o roof_n seldom_o in_o the_o wall_n of_o their_o cottage_n some_o of_o their_o nobility_n have_v more_o stately_a palace_n build_v of_o large_a piece_n of_o timber_n bring_v hither_o out_o of_o groneland_n and_o norway_n at_o this_o day_n their_o house_n be_v most_o of_o wood_n cover_v over_o with_o turf_n except_o in_o their_o city_n hola_o and_o skalholt_n where_o instead_o of_o tile_n they_o make_v use_v of_o fir-board_n but_o since_o the_o trade_n between_o they_o and_o norway_n begin_v to_o decrease_v their_o building_n have_v lose_v much_o of_o their_o ancient_a splendour_n and_o the_o neat_a of_o their_o village_n run_v daily_a to_o ruin_v beside_o their_o traffic_n with_o 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till_v and_o several_a sort_n of_o grain_n sow_v and_o reap_v it_o be_v a_o malicious_a slander_n to_o say_v as_o those_o author_n do_v that_o the_o islander_n feed_v upon_o carrion_n and_o unsavoury_a meat_n and_o want_v the_o use_n of_o bread_n the_o best_a and_o happy_a of_o nation_n be_v now_o and_o then_o upon_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n drive_v to_o harsh_a extremity_n in_o meat_n and_o drink_n and_o force_v in_o spite_n of_o former_a plenty_n to_o submit_v to_o a_o famine_n and_o it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o sea_n about_o iseland_n bind_v up_o by_o a_o long_a continue_a frost_n may_v sometime_o bring_v the_o like_a calamity_n upon_o this_o isle_n who_o have_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o food_n out_o of_o these_o water_n but_o set_v aside_o all_o such_o accidental_a casualty_n and_o extraordinary_a dispensation_n of_o god_n providence_n iseland_n be_v as_o well_o provide_v for_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n in_o meat_n and_o drink_n as_o any_o other_o country_n whatever_o for_o the_o iselander_n have_v general_o considerable_a stock_n of_o kine_n and_o sheep_n beside_o large_a pile_n of_o dry_a fish_n of_o several_a sort_n it_o be_v true_a a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n want_v bread_n and_o salt_n which_o be_v reckon_v two_o of_o the_o great_a requisite_n in_o furnish_v out_o one_o of_o our_o southern_a table_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v serious_o consider_v the_o vast_a strength_n and_o healthy_a constitution_n which_o these_o usual_o enjoy_v and_o the_o old_a age_n they_o ordinary_o arrive_v at_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o conclude_v that_o dry_a fish_n will_v prove_v as_o trusty_a a_o staff_n of_o life_n as_o bread_n if_o we_o be_v use_v to_o it_o and_o that_o salt_n may_v probable_o be_v convenient_a in_o a_o hot_a country_n to_o preserve_v our_o meat_n from_o corrupt_v but_o need_v not_o be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o the_o table_n in_o short_a the_o islander_n have_v all_o manner_n of_o necessary_a and_o substantial_a food_n as_o beef_n mutton_n goose_n hen_n partridge_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o fowl_n they_o want_v only_o the_o delicacy_n of_o sauce_n which_o other_o country_n enjoy_v and_o the_o sharpness_n of_o their_o air_n furnish_v they_o with_o stomach_n which_o easy_o supply_v that_o defect_n the_o most_o general_a drink_v use_v among_o they_o be_v whey_n drink_v drink_v which_o be_v common_o so_o good_a that_o a_o ounce_n of_o it_o will_v very_o well_o bear_v half_a a_o ounce_n of_o water_n sometime_o they_o drink_v a_o kind_n of_o mead_n make_v of_o a_o little_a barley_n flower_n and_o a_o honeycomb_n boil_v in_o water_n another_o liquor_n they_o have_v which_o be_v squeeze_v out_o of_o a_o certain_a red_a berry_n peculiar_a to_o this_o isle_n the_o ancient_a iselander_n use_v to_o import_v beer_n from_o denmark_n scotland_n norway_n england_n and_o other_o foreign_a country_n but_o for_o many_o year_n last_o past_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v any_o considerable_a commerce_n with_o these_o nation_n and_o upon_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n be_v force_v to_o content_v themselves_o with_o such_o liquor_n as_o their_o own_o land_n afford_v how_o poor_a and_o mean_a soever_o these_o liquor_n may_v seem_v to_o southern_a palate_n use_v to_o the_o juice_n of_o the_o grape_n yet_o with_o these_o the_o ancient_a iselander_n can_v make_v merry_a and_o keep_v banquet_n and_o revel_n with_o the_o mean_a fare_n beforementioned_a what_o grandeur_n their_o public_a entertainment_n want_v in_o the_o delicacy_n of_o the_o viand_n and_o richness_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v make_v out_o in_o the_o length_n of_o their_o feast_n and_o number_n of_o their_o guest_n thus_o we_o read_v that_o theodore_n and_o thorwald_n brethren_n and_o citizen_n of_o hialtaedat_fw-la in_o north_n iseland_n solcmnize_n the_o funeral_n of_o their_o father_n hialta_n entertain_v twelve_o hundred_o person_n for_o fourteen_o day_n together_o at_o a_o banquet_n and_o at_o their_o departure_n present_v the_o chief_a of_o their_o guest_n with_o gift_n answerable_a to_o their_o quality_n after_o the_o same_o rate_n and_o for_o as_o long_o a_o time_n olaus_n pa_n a_o west_n islander_n and_o his_o brethren_n entertain_v nine_o hundred_o man_n but_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o this_o be_v a_o instance_n of_o the_o generosity_n and_o gallantry_n or_o not_o rather_o prodigality_n of_o these_o people_n for_o the_o northern_a nation_n be_v general_o strange_o lavish_a in_o their_o entertainment_n at_o wedding_n and_o burial_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v grow_v a_o proverb_n in_o some_o of_o those_o country_n pay_v for_o thy_o father_n coffin_n before_o thou_o think_v of_o buy_v a_o cradle_n meaning_n that_o the_o entertainment_n at_o the_o burial_n of_o a_o father_n and_o marriage_n of_o a_o new_a wife_n if_o they_o come_v together_o be_v sufficient_a to_o ruin_v a_o man_n in_o his_o estate_n and_o make_v his_o heir_n a_o beggar_n before_o the_o
the_o ocean_n in_o some_o of_o who_o isle_n several_a considerable_a kingdom_n have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v discover_v however_o notwithstanding_o this_o assertion_n of_o tacitus_n make_v the_o rhine_n the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o germany_n on_o the_o border_n of_o gallia_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o long_o before_o his_o time_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n julius_n and_o augustus_n several_a colony_n of_o the_o german_n have_v seat_v themselves_o in_o the_o gallic_n territory_n and_o inhabit_v a_o large_a plat_n of_o ground_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o both_o germania_n prima_fw-la and_o secunda_fw-la so_o often_o mention_v by_o ancient_a and_o modern_a geographer_n lie_v on_o the_o same_o side_n of_o that_o river_n wympheling_n in_o his_o little_a tract_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la germanicis_n demonstrate_v that_o all_o those_o city_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o southern_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n do_v always_o belong_v to_o the_o german_n notwithstanding_o the_o pretension_n of_o several_a french_a king_n to_o the_o contrary_n it_o be_v true_a lewis_n xi_o king_n of_o france_n before_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n make_v several_a incursion_n into_o alsatia_n upon_o pretence_n of_o recover_v the_o ancient_a right_n which_o his_o ancestor_n have_v challenge_v upon_o the_o rhine_n but_o this_o pretend_a jurisdiction_n never_o spread_v itself_o so_o wide_o as_o to_o reach_v beyond_o the_o bank_n of_o that_o river_n on_o either_o side_n for_o as_o freherus_n show_v the_o ancient_a gaul_n always_o claim_v a_o right_a to_o the_o river_n rhine_n although_o the_o german_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o soil_n on_o both_o side_n beside_o the_o hermunduri_n marcomanni_n and_o quadi_n who_o be_v all_o of_o they_o german_n extend_v the_o bound_n of_o their_o nation_n beyond_o the_o danow_n and_o seat_v themselves_o on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o that_o river_n whence_o in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o name_n of_o illyricum_n which_o former_o be_v a_o word_n use_v to_o signify_v a_o five_o part_n of_o the_o celtish_a nation_n contain_v the_o territory_n of_o liburnia_n dalmatia_n noricum_n vindelicia_n and_o pannonia_n be_v by_o the_o roman_a writer_n limit_v to_o liburnia_n and_o dalmatia_n only_o and_o the_o other_o three_o province_n reckon_v part_n of_o germany_n as_o be_v almost_o quite_o overrun_v with_o the_o people_n of_o that_o nation_n aeneas_n silvius_n and_o his_o follower_n fancy_n that_o germany_n be_v at_o this_o day_n a_o country_n much_o large_a than_o it_o be_v ever_o think_v to_o be_v by_o the_o ancient_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v consider_v that_o the_o three_o northern_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n norway_n and_o sweden_n with_o their_o several_a dependence_n and_o all_o belgium_n as_o be_v still_o evident_a from_o the_o language_n of_o these_o people_n which_o be_v only_o so_o many_o distinct_a dialect_n of_o the_o high-dutch_a be_v former_o branch_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o conclude_v with_o cluverius_n that_o new_a germany_n be_v scarce_o a_o three_o part_n so_o big_a as_o the_o old_a at_o present_a germany_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o mountain_n of_o italy_n beyond_o the_o danow_n bound_n modern_a bound_n on_o the_o east_n with_o poland_n and_o hungary_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o french_a province_n of_o picardy_n and_o champagne_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o british_a ocean_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr pibrac_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o la_fw-fr germany_n est_fw-fr presque_fw-fr trois_fw-fr fois_fw-fr aussi_fw-fr grande_fw-fr que_fw-fr la_fw-fr france_n i._n e._n germany_n be_v near_o three_o time_n as_o big_a as_o france_n and_o most_o geographer_n make_v that_o kingdom_n thrice_o as_o large_a as_o italy_n so_o that_o if_o we_o shall_v though_o there_o be_v little_a reason_n for_o so_o do_v deny_v the_o netherlands_o to_o be_v any_o part_n of_o germany_n at_o this_o day_n yet_o this_o nation_n will_v still_o continue_v to_o be_v incomparable_o the_o large_a in_o europe_n the_o length_n of_o it_o from_o east_n to_o west_n amount_v to_o 840_o italian_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n from_o north_n to_o south_n to_o about_o 745_o according_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o sansovine_n in_o his_o treatise_n del_fw-it governo_fw-it di_fw-it diversi_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o account_n if_o we_o reckon_v as_o be_v usual_a five_o italian_a for_o one_o german_a mile_n come_v near_o winthers_n relation_n which_o tell_v we_o germany_n be_v 686_o english_a or_o about_o 171_o dutch_a mile_n long_o measure_v from_o the_o mountain_n of_o italy_n to_o the_o british_a ocean_n all_o this_o tract_n of_o land_n or_o so_o much_o of_o it_o at_o least_o as_o lie_v from_o the_o rhine_n northwards_o be_v by_o the_o ancient_n look_v upon_o as_o a_o barren_a soil_n nature_n of_o the_o soil_n uninhabited_a and_o solitary_a wilderness_n destitute_a of_o city_n village_n house_n fruit_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n either_o requisite_a or_o convenient_a for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o inhabitant_n than_o such_o as_o they_o fancy_v the_o german_n to_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o savage_a woodman_n little_a different_a from_o the_o beast_n of_o the_o field_n either_o in_o education_n or_o diet_n but_o the_o improvement_n or_o discovery_n rather_o of_o late_a age_n have_v exceed_o alter_v the_o case_n and_o our_o modern_a historian_n and_o geographer_n in_o spite_n of_o tacitus_n cavil_n and_o envious_a epithet_n have_v be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o the_o german_n be_v a_o numerous_a and_o industrious_a people_n and_o their_o country_n both_o wonderful_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a a_o more_o signal_n instance_n of_o the_o plenty_n of_o corn_n in_o this_o country_n can_v be_v give_v than_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o story_n which_o the_o german_a writer_n tell_v we_o of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o who_o maintain_v a_o army_n for_o a_o considerable_a while_n against_o the_o turk_n consist_v of_o 90000_o footman_n and_o 35000_o horse_n beside_o the_o same_o emperor_n for_o some_o year_n together_o wage_v a_o continual_a war_n with_o most_o of_o the_o northern_a german_a prince_n during_o which_o the_o army_n on_o both_o side_n be_v say_v to_o have_v consist_v of_o above_o 150000_o man_n now_o although_o germany_n alone_o provide_v all_o necessary_n of_o food_n and_o provender_n for_o these_o vast_a multitude_n of_o man_n and_o horse_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o any_o the_o least_o famine_n or_o scarcity_n of_o bread_n ensue_v hereupon_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o dutch_a territory_n the_o chief_a river_n in_o germany_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n comparable_a to_o this_o for_o the_o multitude_n of_o its_o noble_a river_n several_a of_o which_o carry_v vessel_n of_o a_o vast_a burden_n for_o some_o hundred_o of_o english_a mile_n the_o most_o principal_a of_o these_o be_v i._o danubius_n danow_n danow_n or_o the_o danow_n brietius_n say_v that_o this_o river_n be_v ancient_o call_v matoas_n which_o in_o the_o old_a scythian_a language_n signify_v harmless_a because_o they_o fancy_v it_o be_v pretty_a secure_a sail_v upon_o its_o water_n afterward_o when_o a_o great_a company_n of_o stranger_n unacquainted_a with_o this_o torrent_n have_v here_o unlucky_o suffer_v shipwreck_n and_o lose_v their_o life_n its_o name_n be_v change_v into_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o word_n some_o critic_n derive_v from_o the_o macedonian_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v as_o plutarch_n tell_v we_o as_o much_o as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d death_n cato_n think_v it_o be_v first_o call_v danubius_n from_o the_o dane_n who_o he_o confound_v with_o the_o dacian_o our_o modern_a geographer_n embrace_v pliny_n opinion_n and_o derive_v the_o word_n by_o a_o metathesis_n a_o jugis_fw-la adnobiis_fw-la whence_o it_o have_v its_o first_o source_n the_o hungarian_n call_v it_o duna_n the_o polander_v donay_n and_o the_o german_n die_v thonaw_v the_o head_n of_o this_o great_a river_n be_v in_o swaben_n near_o a_o small_a village_n name_v from_o the_o danow_n tone-eschingen_a which_o be_v situate_v in_o a_o part_n of_o the_o hercynian_a wood_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n schwartzwald_a or_o black-forrest_n within_o a_o few_o furlong_n of_o this_o fountain_n it_o receive_v into_o it_o two_o more_o small_a rivulet_n soon_o after_o which_o divide_v itself_o into_o two_o branch_n it_o encircle_n the_o city_n vlm_n with_o two_o fair_a stream_n both_o admirable_o large_a consider_v the_o short_a course_n of_o the_o river_n afterward_o it_o pass_v by_o several_a brave_a city_n in_o germany_n and_o hungary_n as_o regensburg_n passaw_n vienna_n presburg_n etc._n etc._n be_v large_o augment_v in_o its_o passage_n by_o the_o accession_n of_o many_o navigable_a river_n insomuch_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o challenge_v the_o character_n which_o ovid_n
hardly_o recover_v any_o of_o its_o ancient_a riches_n and_o grandeur_n and_o be_v now_o mouldered_a into_o a_o seaport_n town_n of_o less_o note_n if_o possible_a than_o wollin_n city_n and_o great_a town_n of_o note_n in_o the_o low_a pomeren_n first_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d stralsund_n when_o this_o city_n now_o the_o large_a and_o wealthy_a in_o pomeren_n be_v first_o build_v be_v not_o certain_o know_v the_o most_o credible_a historian_n tell_v we_o it_o owe_v its_o first_o original_n to_o sunno_n ii_o king_n of_o the_o frank_n who_o lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o this_o town_n in_o the_o year_n 145_o or_o 146_o call_v it_o from_o his_o own_o name_n sunnonia_n which_o be_v afterward_o corrupt_v into_o sunda_n and_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o strala_n a_o island_n situate_v no_o man_n know_v where_n turn_v at_o last_o into_o stralsund_n but_o i_o have_v rather_o believe_v it_o have_v the_o name_n sund_n as_o it_o be_v still_o sometime_o call_v from_o the_o narrow_a sea_n upon_o which_o it_o stand_v since_o this_o as_o well_o as_o the_o baltic_a strait_n betwixt_o helsingore_n and_o helsingborg_n will_v be_v proper_o name_v in_o the_o danish_a or_o gottish_a tongue_n de_fw-fr sund._n the_o other_o part_n of_o its_o modern_a name_n seem_v afterward_o add_v von_fw-mi den_fw-mi stralen_n other_o flussen_n from_o the_o interchangable_a portion_n of_o sea_n and_o land_n in_o this_o place_n the_o first_o undoubted_a truth_n we_o find_v relate_v of_o this_o city_n be_v that_o after_o some_o great_a spoil_n or_o utter_a destruction_n it_o be_v magnificent_o rebuilt_a enlarge_v and_o people_v with_o german_n by_o jaromar_n prince_n of_o rugen_n about_o the_o year_n 1209._o by_o this_o prince_n son_n its_o fortification_n be_v first_o begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1230_o and_o the_o city_n remove_v a_o little_a out_o of_o the_o place_n where_o its_o first_o foundation_n have_v be_v lay_v by_o his_o father_n for_o before_o jaromar_n have_v quite_o encompass_v his_o new_a build_a town_n with_o a_o slender_a wall_n which_o he_o fancy_v will_v have_v be_v sufficient_a to_o have_v defend_v it_o against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o dane_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n and_o the_o pomeranian_o on_o the_o other_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n break_v in_o upon_o he_o and_o overpower_v his_o small_a garrison_n burn_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o intend_a city_n so_o that_o the_o stralsunder_n have_v good_a reason_n to_o reckon_v the_o age_n of_o their_o city_n no_o far_o then_o from_o the_o year_n 1230_o as_o they_o intimate_v from_o the_o follow_a distich_n engrave_v in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o town_n in_o golden_a letter_n annis_n ducentis_fw-la ter_z denis_fw-la mille_fw-la retentis_fw-la fit_a stralsundensis_n civitas_n cvi_fw-la nomen_fw-la ab_fw-la undis_fw-la since_o that_o time_n it_o have_v have_v almost_o as_o many_o fair_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n confer_v upon_o it_o as_o any_o city_n in_o the_o empire_n of_o its_o age_n as_o 1._o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o town_n have_v power_n to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n as_o well_o in_o criminal_a as_o civil_a cause_n within_o their_o own_o court_n from_o whence_o lie_v no_o appeal_n to_o any_o superior_a judge_n or_o prince_n whatever_o 2._o they_o have_v power_n to_o coin_v money_n and_o raise_v force_n either_o for_o sea_n or_o land_n 3._o in_o case_n of_o a_o engagement_n of_o the_o whole_a german_a empire_n with_o some_o foreign_a nation_n in_o a_o sea-fight_n the_o stralsunder_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o venture_v any_o further_a abroad_o then_o be_v convenient_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o city_n 4._o they_o have_v have_v power_n to_o make_v league_n and_o confederacy_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o their_o own_o trade_n and_o to_o choose_v their_o own_o patron_n and_o protector_n out_o of_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n at_o this_o day_n the_o city_n be_v in_o a_o flourish_a and_o splendid_a condition_n the_o house_n general_o stone_n and_o very_o uniform_a this_o last_o year_n 1680_o some_o part_n of_o the_o town_n be_v burn_v down_o by_o a_o unhappy_a accident_n but_o the_o plentiful_a purse_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n will_v be_v able_a quick_o to_o repair_v the_o damage_n of_o that_o fire_n the_o sea_n betwixt_o this_o town_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n be_v about_o a_o english_a mile_n in_o breadth_n down_o to_o which_o from_o the_o wall_n there_o be_v six_o great_a gate_n and_o as_o many_o bridge_n lead_v thither_o to_o these_o bridge_n the_o merchantship_n of_o 150_o or_o 200_o tun_n which_o ride_v in_o the_o harbour_n be_v fasten_v towards_o the_o land_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o regular_a bulwark_n and_o fishpond_n of_o twice_o a_o musket_n shot_n in_o breadth_n over_o which_o there_o be_v four_o dam_n and_o bridge_n lead_v from_o the_o four_o land-gate_n of_o the_o town_n the_o chief_a commodity_n of_o the_o town_n be_v corn_n which_o the_o merchant_n transport_v in_o great_a quantity_n into_o the_o low-countries_n scotland_n norway_n and_o many_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n in_o some_o of_o the_o northern_a nation_n the_o stralsund_a beer_n be_v reckon_v a_o choice_n commodity_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n many_o tun_n of_o that_o liquor_n be_v here_o yearly_o ship_v off_o stralsund_n have_v always_o so_o brave_o maintain_v its_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o voluminous_a history_n to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o many_o several_a proof_n its_o inhabitant_n have_v give_v of_o their_o valour_n in_o this_o kind_n historian_n will_v acquaint_v we_o that_o at_o once_o it_o withstand_v the_o unite_a force_n of_o two_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n and_o ten_o prince_n against_o the_o assault_n of_o all_o which_o it_o brave_o defend_v itself_o and_o in_o the_o engagement_n take_v eric_n duke_n of_o saxony_n prisoner_n after_o this_o exploit_n the_o city_n begin_v to_o be_v as_o terrible_a as_o before_o it_o have_v be_v impregnable_a and_o none_o of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n dare_v offer_v either_o violence_n or_o any_o affront_n to_o the_o citizen_n of_o stralsund_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n count_n walstein_n trust_v to_o fortune_n that_o have_v always_o favour_v his_o former_a enterprise_n lay_v close_a siege_n to_o the_o town_n but_o after_o a_o furious_a onset_n and_o a_o long_o but_o vain_a expectance_n of_o success_n be_v at_o last_o force_v shameful_o to_o retire_v within_o a_o while_n after_o the_o stralsunder_v put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o triumphant_a king_n of_o sweden_n who_o though_o at_o first_o design_v only_o for_o a_o titular_a patron_n prove_v in_o the_o end_n their_o real_a lord_n and_o master_n however_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v the_o only_a prince_n that_o can_v just_o brag_v of_o have_v fair_o conquer_v the_o city_n of_o stralsund_n which_o after_o he_o have_v take_v stetin_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n be_v by_o he_o besiege_v and_o take_v in_o the_o year_n 1678_o though_o afterward_o as_o he_o stand_v oblige_v by_o the_o five_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n sign_v by_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o sweden_n and_o the_o say_a elector_n at_o st._n germain_n en_fw-fr say_v the_o 29_o of_o july_n in_o the_o year_n 1679_o he_o resign_v it_o back_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n ii_o bardt_n bardt_n barth_n or_o bardt_n this_o town_n not_o many_o age_n ago_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n and_o give_v name_n to_o all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n wherein_o be_v now_o situate_a stralsund_n grimmen_n tribsees_n with_o many_o other_o city_n and_o great_a town_n of_o good_a note_n some_o fancy_n it_o derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o longobardi_n who_o they_o make_v the_o undoubted_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n and_o in_o confirmation_n of_o this_o their_o conjecture_n produce_v the_o old_a arm_n of_o the_o town_n wherein_o it_o bear_v a_o man_n head_n with_o a_o long_a beard_n but_o the_o more_o probable_a opinion_n be_v that_o it_o be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o river_n barte_n or_o bartze_n on_o the_o mouth_n of_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v the_o field_n about_o this_o city_n be_v exceed_o fruitful_a and_o abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n whence_o be_v the_o haven_n here_o as_o deep_a and_o fit_a to_o harbour_v ship_n of_o a_o considerable_a burden_n as_o that_o at_o stralsund_n bardt_n will_v be_v capable_a of_o be_v as_o much_o advance_v by_o merchandise_n as_o any_o of_o its_o neighbour_a city_n but_o that_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n upon_o which_o this_o city_n stand_v be_v so_o shallow_a that_o neither_o merchantman_n nor_o almost_o any_o other_o vessel_n save_o only_a such_o as_o serve_v to_o convey_v passenger_n from_o hence_o into_o denmark_n or_o sweden_n
brunsberg_n which_o draw_v together_o some_o considerable_a number_n of_o people_n oblige_v he_o soon_o after_o to_o wall_n the_o place_n round_o and_o turn_v it_o into_o a_o city_n 6._o ewanczitz_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o rivers_n iglaw_n and_o oslaw_n both_o which_o here_o lose_v their_o name_n and_o be_v afterward_o call_v schwartza_n this_o city_n be_v once_o notorious_a for_o harbour_v more_o different_a sect_n in_o religion_n then_o almost_o any_o other_o town_n in_o europe_n the_o parish_n church_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o two_o prevail_a party_n of_o hussites_n and_o lutheran_n both_o of_o which_o have_v here_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o inconsistent_a form_n of_o divine_a worship_n at_o the_o same_o time_n one_o of_o their_o street_n be_v whole_o inhabit_v by_o jew_n who_o have_v erect_v in_o it_o a_o synagogue_n and_o school_n for_o themselves_o and_o child_n without_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n the_o calvinist_n have_v two_o church_n the_o one_o for_o the_o bohemian_o the_o other_o for_o the_o german_n and_o these_o share_v with_o the_o hussites_n and_o lutheran_n in_o the_o magistracy_n and_o government_n of_o the_o city_n another_o part_n of_o the_o suburb_n be_v take_v up_o by_o the_o holy_a brethren_n of_o switzerland_n a_o pack_n of_o nominal_a christian_n who_o never_o be_v baptize_v think_v it_o a_o damnable_a sin_n to_o wear_v a_o sword_n and_o celebrate_v the_o lord_n supper_n only_o at_o whitsuntide_n the_o photinian_o atheist_n and_o quaker_n for_o such_o kind_n of_o creature_n i_o take_v the_o schwenckfelder_n to_o have_v be_v who_o deny_v the_o resurrection_n of_o the_o dead_a meet_v at_o their_o devotion_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o fountain_n in_o the_o field_n at_o a_o small_a village_n name_v olekowitz_n about_o half_a a_o english_a mile_n out_o of_o the_o town_n dwell_v the_o anabaptist_n who_o be_v about_o four_o hundred_o in_o number_n but_o this_o ridiculous_a toleration_n and_o distraction_n in_o religion_n come_v to_o this_o issue_n at_o last_o that_o now_o all_o those_o various_a party_n of_o people_n who_o all_o of_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v true_a protestant_n be_v cashier_v and_o none_o permit_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n but_o jew_n and_o papist_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v a_o great_a many_o more_o city_n if_o what_o caspar_n laudisman_n in_o his_o direction_n for_o the_o speedy_a understanding_n of_o foreign_a language_n affirm_v it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v in_o this_o marquisate_n 100_o city_n 410_o town_n 500_o castle_n and_o 30360_o village_n which_o prodigious_a number_n of_o building_n will_v go_v near_o to_o cover_v almost_o all_o the_o habitable_a part_n of_o this_o country_n but_o i_o think_v there_o be_v few_o more_o than_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v which_o deserve_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o any_o further_a than_o to_o give_v they_o room_n for_o their_o name_n in_o the_o map_n bohemia_n notarum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la caritas_fw-la regius_fw-la libera_fw-la oppidum_n regis_fw-la bohemia_n oppida_fw-la â—â—â—inum_fw-la et_fw-la nobil_n …_o pagus_n arx_n castellum_n monasterium_fw-la oppidum_n cum_fw-la arce_n fodine_n auri_fw-la fodine_n argenti_fw-la fodine_n stanni_fw-la fodine_n ferri_fw-la therm_n officina_fw-la vitriaria_n nomina_fw-la quae_fw-la habent_fw-la tri_fw-la …_o in_o …_o nt_v bohemica_fw-la the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n bohemia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o moravia_n and_o silesia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o voitland_n the_o upper_a palatinate_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bavaria_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o arch-dukedom_n of_o austria_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o marquisates_n of_o misnia_n and_o lusatia_n whence_o the_o learned_a godalstus_n in_o that_o excellent_a treatise_n of_o his_o entitle_v commentarii_n de_fw-fr bohemiae_n regni_fw-la incorporatarumque_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la juribus_fw-la ac_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la etc._n etc._n well_o argue_v that_o this_o kingdom_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v ancient_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n and_o aught_o still_o to_o be_v so_o account_v since_o all_o the_o people_n that_o encompass_v it_o speak_v the_o high_a dutch_a language_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v encompass_v round_o with_o mountain_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v the_o montes_n riphaei_n or_o hill_n of_o giant_n which_o part_n this_o land_n from_o silesia_n out_o of_o these_o spring_n the_o great_a river_n elb_n issue_v out_o of_o two_o of_o they_o famous_a heretofore_o for_o the_o enchantment_n and_o apparition_n of_o evil_a spirit_n that_o use_v to_o haunt_v they_o one_o of_o these_o two_o be_v now_o adays_o name_v by_o the_o silesian_n germane_a that_o live_v near_o it_o schneekippe_v from_o the_o continual_a snow_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o the_o other_o knieholtz_n from_o the_o short_a shrub_n or_o brush_n wood_n that_o grow_v there_o the_o other_o river_n of_o note_n be_v the_o eager_a muldau_n satzawa_n orliecze_n lusinitz_n gyzera_n and_o mouse_n all_o which_o spring_n within_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v at_o last_o empty_v into_o the_o elb_n at_o dietzin_n most_o of_o these_o run_v in_o a_o clear_a channel_n and_o afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o fish_n in_o some_o of_o they_o the_o native_n find_v a_o sort_n of_o shellfish_n much_o like_o a_o horse-muscle_n with_o a_o pearl_n in_o it_o of_o good_a value_n such_o as_o those_o be_v which_o mr._n cambden_n tell_v we_o lie_v gape_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n irt_v in_o cumberland_n in_o several_a part_n of_o bohemia_n especial_o at_o teplitz_n and_o wary_a both_o which_o have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o hot_a bath_n there_o find_v spring_v mineral_n and_o medicinal_a water_n which_o exceed_o refresh_v the_o body_n and_o cure_v many_o distemper_n the_o acid_a water_n at_o oegran_n and_o comorzan_n be_v account_v mighty_a sovereign_n against_o many_o disease_n and_o there_o be_v not_o many_o year_n ago_o a_o fountain_n of_o as_o great_a credit_n at_o stechowicz_n near_o prague_n the_o like_a be_v still_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o at_o benessow_n near_o caplicze_n which_o for_o the_o cure_v it_o have_v perform_v have_v get_v the_o name_n of_o dobra_n woda_n or_o good_a water_n there_o be_v no_o lake_n in_o the_o kingdom_n pond_n pond_n except_v only_o one_o or_o two_o near_o the_o town_n of_o mosta_n and_o tepla_fw-la of_o little_a or_o no_o moment_n but_o the_o fishpond_n in_o many_o place_n seem_v to_o equal_v the_o lake_n in_o foreign_a country_n witness_v those_o petty_a fresh_a water_n sea_n at_o pardubicz_n clumecz_n trzebon_n rozdialowicz_n and_o copydlan_n where_o the_o pond_n abound_v with_o perch_n jack_n carp_n and_o other_o fish_n bring_v their_o master_n in_o as_o large_a revenue_n as_o so_o many_o good_a lordship_n the_o soil_n of_o the_o country_n be_v general_o fat_a and_o arable_a in_o few_o place_n barren_a or_o sandy_a commodity_n commodity_n you_o have_v here_o also_o fine_a wood_n and_o forest_n intermix_v but_o none_o so_o large_a as_o to_o render_v any_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n uninhabitable_a the_o orchard_n and_o garden_n be_v so_o well_o stock_v with_o fruit_n that_o yearly_o great_a quantity_n of_o apple_n pear_n etc._n etc._n be_v hence_o export_v into_o misnia_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v wine_n enough_o if_o the_o luxury_n of_o the_o present_a age_n do_v not_o want_v great_a supply_n than_o nature_n in_o their_o own_o vineyard_n which_o be_v reckon_v a_o better_a body_v liquor_n than_o moravian_n wine_n and_o equal_v the_o austrian_a in_o taste_n but_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o be_v keep_v to_o so_o good_a a_o age_n the_o field_n and_o meadow_n be_v rich_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o cattle_n especial_o horse_n of_o more_o than_o ordinary_a courage_n and_o bulk_n their_o hop-garden_n afford_v they_o a_o better_a and_o more_o plentiful_a crop_n than_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o country_n for_o which_o reason_n their_o beer_n whereof_o they_o have_v two_o sort_n white_a and_o brown_a be_v high_o value_v and_o export_v into_o the_o neighbour_a part_n of_o germany_n there_o have_v be_v some_o salt-pit_n discover_v in_o bohemia_n but_o so_o inconsiderable_a that_o they_o find_v the_o profit_n will_v not_o answer_v the_o cost_n of_o dig_v and_o therefore_o the_o bohemian_o have_v their_o salt_n out_o of_o misnia_n and_o other_o province_n of_o germany_n but_o this_o want_n be_v sufficient_o recompense_v by_o their_o rich_a mine_n of_o silver_n copper_n tin_n iron_n lead_v sulphur_n niter_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o by_o their_o glass_n and_o alum_n make_v here_o in_o great_a quantity_n they_o pretend_v to_o have_v carbuncle_n ametheist_n and_o other_o precious_a stone_n in_o their_o land_n which_o they_o say_v be_v often_o find_v in_o the_o mine_n and_o among_o the_o rock_n of_o the_o hill_n country_n anselm_n boetius_fw-la boodt_n who_o we_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v in_o the_o description_n of_o
heathen_a slavonian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o their_o first_o come_v into_o this_o country_n bring_v with_o they_o a_o great_a many_o idol_n god_n who_o they_o worship_v as_o the_o only_a protector_n and_o saviour_n of_o their_o nation_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o they_o call_v pron_z or_o peron_n which_o in_o their_o language_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o jupiter_n intonans_fw-la this_o be_v their_o god_n of_o god_n divum_fw-la pater_fw-la atque_fw-la hominum_fw-la rex_fw-la and_o worship_v with_o the_o same_o reverence_n as_o thor_n among_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n but_o this_o god_n be_v at_o last_o for_o some_o misdemeanour_n or_o other_o throw_v out_o of_o favour_n and_o the_o honour_n confer_v on_o swanto-wit_n a_o idol_n who_o temple_n stand_v at_o julinum_n or_o wollin_n in_o pomeren_n in_o those_o day_n the_o large_a city_n in_o europe_n some_o small_a remembrance_n of_o this_o god_n they_o retain_v to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v usual_a for_o friend_n shake_v hand_n to_o use_v this_o mutual_a compellation_n witeg_n witeg_n or_o witam_n te_fw-la in_o which_o they_o still_o seem_v to_o own_o the_o idol_n wit_n for_o their_o god_n christianity_n begin_v first_o to_o be_v profess_v in_o the_o kingdom_n about_o the_o year_n 894_o in_o which_o it_o be_v say_v duke_n borsivogius_n be_v baptize_v by_o methodius_n the_o saint_n of_o bohemia_n this_o methodius_n be_v a_o prelate_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n so_o that_o the_o clergy_n of_o bohemia_n do_v not_o for_o some_o age_n acknowledge_v the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n supremacy_n the_o reformation_n be_v first_o begin_v here_o upon_o this_o occasion_n a_o young_a gentleman_n of_o this_o country_n travel_v into_o england_n and_o visit_v our_o university_n have_v here_o at_o oxford_n the_o opportunity_n of_o transcribe_v several_a tract_n write_v by_o our_o british_a author_n among_o other_o thing_n he_o chance_v to_o light_v upon_o some_o of_o john_n wicliff_n work_n copy_n of_o which_o he_o carry_v home_o with_o he_o and_o show_v to_o jahn_n huss_n and_o jerome_n of_o prague_n upon_o the_o read_n of_o these_o book_n those_o two_o great_a man_n begin_v immediate_o to_o reform_v error_n in_o the_o church_n which_o good_a work_n they_o prosecute_v with_o great_a vigour_n and_o zeal_n till_o they_o be_v summon_v to_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n and_o there_o contrary_a to_o the_o promise_n and_o protestation_n of_o the_o popish_a prelate_n then_o assemble_v condemn_v for_o heretic_n and_o burn_v in_o the_o year_n 1415._o but_o so_o firm_o be_v their_o doctrine_n root_v in_o most_o of_o the_o heart_n of_o their_o hearer_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n by_o this_o expedient_a to_o hinder_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o reformation_n which_o soon_o after_o be_v more_o firm_o establish_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o luther_n melancthon_n calvin_n etc._n etc._n it_o have_v be_v well_o if_o after_o the_o foppery_n of_o rome_n be_v thus_o abolish_v the_o bohemian_o have_v content_v themselves_o with_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n grant_v they_o by_o their_o king_n but_o grow_v infolent_a as_o their_o number_n increase_v they_o begin_v first_o to_o mutiny_v against_o the_o emperor_n minister_n of_o state_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n mathias_n fall_v into_o a_o open_a rebellion_n this_o prove_v at_o last_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n which_o be_v now_o nowhere_o profess_v but_o in_o some_o by-corner_n and_o hole_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o unprosperous_a a_o thing_n be_v rebellion_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o religion_n the_o bohemian_a language_n as_o well_o as_o the_o russian_a polonian_a croatian_a and_o wendish_n be_v a_o dialect_n of_o the_o ancient_a slavonian_a a_o tongue_n so_o copious_a and_o sweet_a that_o the_o old_a lawgiver_n of_o this_o country_n as_o appear_v from_o several_a of_o their_o municipal_a law_n be_v zealous_a in_o command_v the_o true_a and_o primitive_a pronunciation_n and_o orthography_n of_o it_o to_o be_v keep_v up_o but_o this_o unhappiness_n attend_v the_o endeavour_n of_o these_o wellwisher_n to_o their_o country_n that_o they_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o any_o letter_n but_o the_o ruthenian_a character_n a_o alphabet_n exceed_o imperfect_a and_o whole_o unfit_a for_o the_o polish_n of_o a_o language_n afterward_o when_o the_o prince_n of_o bohemia_n begin_v to_o maintain_v a_o correspondence_n with_o their_o neighbour_n in_o germany_n the_o roman_a letter_n be_v bring_v in_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v their_o tongue_n be_v refine_v with_o better_a success_n however_o the_o modern_a bohemian_o be_v as_o negligent_a in_o this_o particular_a as_o their_o ancestor_n be_v careful_a nay_o most_o man_n of_o fashion_n in_o the_o kingdom_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o scandalous_a to_o speak_v their_o own_o mother-tongue_n in_o its_o purity_n and_o therefore_o talk_v ordinary_o either_o the_o german_a language_n entire_a or_o else_o the_o bohemian_a mix_v and_o mangle_v with_o a_o great_a many_o outlandish_a word_n and_o bombast_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n prague_n be_v the_o merropolis_n of_o this_o kingdom_n prague_n prague_n seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a place_n on_o the_o great_a river_n moldau_n what_o name_v it_o have_v before_o the_o bohemian_o come_v into_o this_o country_n be_v not_o to_o be_v learn_v out_o of_o any_o of_o their_o record_n but_o they_o it_o seem_v call_v it_o boioheim_n or_o the_o chief_a residence_n of_o the_o bohemian_a prince_n it_o be_v modern_a name_n be_v give_v it_o long_o after_o upon_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o slavonian_n with_o zechus_n boregius_n give_v this_o blind_a account_n of_o the_o original_n of_o this_o name_n some_o of_o the_o slavonian_n come_v to_o this_o town_n and_o find_v they_o busy_a in_o building_n inquire_v of_o one_o of_o the_o workman_n who_o as_o it_o chance_v be_v make_v a_o threshold_n which_o in_o his_o language_n be_v call_v prah_n what_o they_o be_v a_o make_n receive_v answer_v prah_n as_o the_o town_n be_v afterward_o name_v it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n the_o old_a new_a and_o little_a city_n which_o latter_a be_v separate_v from_o the_o two_o former_a by_o the_o moldau_n this_o great_a city_n be_v compare_v by_o aeneas_n silvius_n to_o florence_n in_o italy_n and_o our_o countryman_n dr._n brown_n who_o have_v see_v both_o and_o be_v curious_a enough_o in_o his_o observation_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o be_v much_o large_a and_o more_o populous_a than_o florence_n that_o the_o river_n arno_n which_o run_v through_o florence_n be_v not_o comparable_a to_o the_o moldau_n at_o prague_n but_o then_o he_o tell_v we_o the_o pave_v of_o the_o street_n at_o florence_n the_o cathedral_n st._n laurence_n chapel_n and_o the_o duke_n palace_n outstrip_v any_o thing_n that_o prague_n can_v boast_v of_o because_o the_o three_o partition_n of_o the_o town_n before_o mention_v be_v distinct_a corporation_n we_o shall_v describe_v they_o separately_z beginning_n with_o 1._o the_o old_a town_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n moldau_n be_v very_o populous_a and_o full_a of_o fair_a house_n build_v after_o a_o old_a fashion_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o town_n stand_v the_o university_n which_o have_v nothing_o stately_a in_o it_o but_o the_o jesuit_n college_n the_o historian_n of_o bohemia_n report_n strange_a thing_n of_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o scholar_n which_o have_v be_v resident_a at_o once_o in_o this_o university_n lewis_n du_fw-fr may_n counsellor_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o wirtenberg_n in_o his_o incomparable_a dialogue_n concern_v the_o state_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n say_v there_o be_v hardly_o at_o this_o day_n so_o many_o student_n to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o germany_n as_o be_v here_o in_o the_o year_n 1409_o when_o j._n huss_n himself_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v forty_o thousand_o scholar_n it_o be_v found_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iu._n and_o be_v still_o the_o only_a university_n in_o bohemia_n it_o will_v be_v worth_a observation_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o as_o be_v report_v no_o fly_n will_v touch_v any_o flesh_n expose_v to_o sale_n in_o the_o shambles_n here_o let_v the_o weather_n be_v never_o so_o hot_a the_o jew_n inhabit_v a_o good_a share_n of_o this_o old_a town_n which_o from_o they_o be_v call_v die_v juden-statt_a or_o the_o city_n of_o the_o jew_n they_o be_v very_o rich_a trade_v in_o all_o manner_n of_o commodity_n but_o especial_o in_o jewel_n and_o several_a sort_n of_o precious_a stone_n find_v in_o the_o mine_n of_o bohemia_n 2._o the_o new_a town_n be_v former_o separate_v from_o the_o old_a by_o a_o wall_n or_o ditch_n but_o now_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o part_v they_o but_o a_o trench_n into_o which_o they_o can_v let_v in_o the_o moldau_n at_o pleasure_n in_o this_o