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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13576	Archaioplutos. Or the riches of elder ages Proouing by manie good and learned authours, that the auncient emperors & kings, were more rich and magnificent, then such as liue in these daies. Heereto is annexed, the honours of the braue Romaine souldiours; with the seauen wonders of the worlde. Written in French by Guil. Thelin, Lord of Gutmont and Morillonuilliers: and truely translated into English.; Archaioplutos. English	Telin, Guillaume.; Munday, Anthony, 1553-1633.	1592 (1592)	STC 23867; ESTC S100994	36,841	108

hundred Talents which are seauen Millions and fiue hundred thousand Crownes Hee was chased out of Egipt for his dissolute life afterwarde re-established by Pompey and not long after slaine by hys Sonne Of Cato IT is affirmed that Cato brought with him from the Country of Egipt to the Treasurie of Rome foure Millions and two thousande Crownes by way of a confiscation because Ptolome of Cyprus had conspired against Claudius the Romaine Tribune Of Lucrius THE afore-named Greek Authour Strabo saith that Lucrius of the Countrey of Auuergue was so rich as to make estimation and shewe of hys wealth diuers tymes he would mount into a Chariot and cause himselfe to be drawne along the fieldes where he would spread or scatter money both gold siluer by means whereof he was continually followed with a great multitude of people Hys Father named Bytius with his Armie of two hundred thousand men of warre fought in a maine battaile against two Romaine Consulles Of the Emperour Vespasian VEspasian the Emperour as Budaeus sayth leueyed such Subsidies and Taxes on the Empire as the sum amounted to fortie thousand tymes Sestertiaes which come to an hundred Millions of Crownes Hee sayth that this was to reforme the publique estate which his predecessours Calligula and Vitellius two dissolute Princes had ruined and waste-fully destroyed the goods of the Empyre treading vnder foote the dignity thereof Of the Hierd of Syria EXceeding great saith Strabo was the Hierde of Beastes which they had in Syria wherin were thirty thousand Mares and three hundred light Stallions these were the first people that tamed Horsses and therefore had wages of the Kinges Of Seuerus ONE Spartianus an auncient Hystorian saith that Seuerus at hys decesse left to the state publique a Canon of Corne for seauen yeeres the manner therof was to furnish for each day three-score and fifteene thousand Vesselles called Tunnes with Corne. The Romaine and Attique Tun resembleth very neere the measure or bushell of Paris where-with a man may maintain himselfe eyght daies whereby wee may easilie gather that three-score sisteene thousand such Tunn●s of Corne will 〈◊〉 day by day to nourish sixe hundred thousand men This Canon of Corne was first instituted by the Emperour Tra● and then re-established by Seuerus according to the opinion of Lampridius sette downe in the lise of Heltogabalus This Canon of Corne was such an excellent thing as thereby was furnished euery daie a like quantitie of Corne to serue openlie the Market distribute to the people beside the reuenue of each one what else was brought in by the Country into the publique Market And thus they tooke vp in Alexandria Africa Sicilia and diuers other places great aboundance of Corne which was thus ordained against the lacke of Corne because in Italic the dearth thereof manie tymes happened by reason of the warres and troubles which hindered mens labours in tylling the earth so that the whole Countrey lay long tyme together fallowe and vnmanured Of Spayne abounding in Mynes of Gold and of that which Haniball had BOthe Plinie and Strabo doe record that Spayne hath abounded in rich Mynes of Gold Siluer especiallie Granado and Andalozia which Strabo calleth by the name of Betica Polibius sayth that in his tyme neere to Carthage the ninth coasting the Leuant Sea towards Africa and from thence to the floode of Hyberia there was a Myne of siluer which yeelded daily to the Romaines twenty hundred thousand Drachmes which are fiue and twentie thousand Crownes Plinie saith that Haniball had a Mine of Siluer named Bebetus which yeelded to him day by day three hundred pound weight of siluer which commeth to three Millions of Crownes and that in Asturia Gallicia and Portugall he gathered yeerely twenty thousand pounds of Gold This summe amounteth to thirty thousande Markes of Golde whereby wee may plainly perceiue that golde and siluer was more plentifull aboundant in elder times then they are at this present These two Mettalles are diminished by succession of time for continually it perisheth by vse workmanship shyp-wracks by hyding and burying treasure in the ground and otherwife Also the Mynes are robd spoiled lost and come to nothing as euery day it is witnessed before our owne eyes Of the Crownes recompences and other rewards which the Romaines gaue to their Souldiours and the punishment of the offenders Comprehending therein an excellent good order for warre as also the gouernment of the Common-Wealth YEE may read in diuers Authours that the Romaines euer vsed not onely to gratifie and rewarde theyr Captaines with ordinarie wages but likewise in doing them infinite other graces by gifts and presents They woulde honour them in diuers and sundry manners as with Crownes and Iewels holding them in particuler esteeme and reputation according to the desert of their deedes of Armes so were they wont to respect and regard them VVhen a Captaine had gotten victorie in any notable battaile were it vpon the Sea or on the Land or that by force he had taken any Cittie or doone anie other singuler enterprise they had a custome immediatly after to make dilligent enquirie of the prowesses of the particuler Bands Squadrons Then mounting vp into the Theater where after they had giuen thanks to the Gods for the victorie obtained in generall they wold make commendation of their whole Armie and specially they would praise and extoll those Bandes or Squadrons which in fight had most valiantlie behaued themselues Then naming the particuler men of that Companie by their names publiquely they woulde commende theyr vertue and valour according to their deserts calling thē friends to their Countrey and saying that the Common-wealth was very much bound to them This doone they bestowed gifts on them of Gold siluer of Crownes Girdles Bracelets Iewels Armours and verie excellent Horsses with other thinges of most exquisite workmanship beside with such prohibitions and defences as it was permitted that no person should enioy the like except hee had deserued to haue them in this manner The Histories are plentifullie enriched with these matters and namelie Titus Liuius speaking of the Consull Paperius Censor that gaue Bracelets of golde to fourteene Centurions and to one Squadron hee gaue I knowe not what ornaments the like is said of Scipio when he was in Spayne and other places The Crownes they gaue had diuers significant names according to the degrees of their deserts they had Corona Obsidionalis Corona Tryumphalis Corona Oualis Corona Ci●ica Corona Muralis Corona Naualis and Corona Castrensis Plinis and Aulus Gellius saie that the most esteemed and excellent of all was the Crowne Obsidionall which came from the circle or seate of the Campe and was gyuen onely for hauing deliuered an Hoast of mē besiedged in a close Citty or in a Campe verie strictlie enuironed so that by such deedes of Armes that part or men of warre reputed themselues deliuered from prison or from death for no other cause what-soeuer it were

Kings of Egipt cause to be made Plinie in his sixt booke eyght and ninth chapters shewes the maner of drawing these stones forth of the Quarries and Mines of stone Of these Piramides Obelisques Statues and Colosses maketh mention the learned Polyphius in the beginning of his Hypne-rotomachia Of the great Treasure found in Pouilla IN the time of Robert Gu●scardo in Pouilla was found a statue of Marble which had about the head in manner of a Garlande a circle of brasse wherein was engrauen these Latine wordes Calendis Maii oriente Sole aurum caput habebo Which is to say In the Calends of Maie at the rising of the Sunne I shall haue a heade of golde Robert searched long to know the signification of these words yet coulde hee not find any one to instruct him in the true vnderstanding vntill at last there was a Sara●en well skilled in the Magique Arte being prisoner to Robert hauing ●st demaunded his liberty in recompence of the interpretation he offered todisclose the wordes written on the statue His deliueraunce being graunted by the Duke Guyscardo he declared them in this manner to wit On the day of the Calendes of May at the rysing of the Sun he obserued and marked the place where the shadow of the statues heade finished on the ground and there he commaunded thē to dig very deepe by which meanes should be vnderstoode the meaning of the word Robert caused a deepe digging to bee made in the appointed place where in little while was discouered and founde a mightie masse of Treasure which gaue him good principall ayde in his meruailous enterprises And for the Saracen beside other recōpences he receiued of Robert the recouery of his liberty was the most ioyfull thing which in al the world could happen to him These three last discourses were translated out of the diuers Lessons of Pierre Messie and Antonie du Verdier Sieur de Vaupriuaz An aduertisement to the Reader A Man can hardly haue knowledge of the estate of the Romaine Empire nor lykewise of the Kingdomes Signories and principalities that are in Greece and Asia vnlesse he vnderstande their moneyes manners and behauiour in speech which hath bred heer-to-fore a generall error and confusion For they that haue written an hundred times Sestertiaes meant and signified an hundred times an hundred thousand Sestertiaes the which custome and kinde of speeche hath brought the Interpreters and Translatours of good Authours since within a thousande yeeres into great doubt and errour There were some that imagined and thought them to be the same indeede and therfore spake thereof indifferently others there were that either vnderstood them not or else could not comprehend thē and so by reason of their weakenes doubting there hath ensued very great disference and alteration But the verie trueth is that this manner of speech came in vse by abbreuiation of the language for when they woulde signifie a great sum to cut short the word they would say an hundred times Sestertiaes in sted of saying an hundred times an hundred thousand Sestertiaes And foure hundred tymes Sestertiaes in sted of four hundred times an hundred thousande twelue times Sestertiaes meaning twelue thousande Sestertiaes c. To know summarily the declaration and meaning of the summes contained in the Histories I haue according to the account of Budaeus gathered the notes and abridged them as followeth to be knowen after our owne English money or after the value of the French Crownes THE As valueth foure small French Deniers not so much as an English farthing Thys As is the very least peece of coyne or currant Money that is In signification according to the Latine it is taken for a pound weight consisting of twelue ounces In diuision of solid thinges as of Lande or inheritance it is likewise takē for the whole part or portion There is required sixe Sextans to make or value an As. A Sextan is a coyne lesse then that which is called a Quadran by the third part It likewise is a certaine poyse or weight being two ounces after some called Obolus after other the sixt part of a pound It is the sixt part of any measure summe or quantity that is deuided into 12. parts It is somtime likewise taken for 2. inches Also the sixt parte of Iugerum which is so much grounde as one yoke of Oxen wyll eare in a day It containes in length two hundred and forty foote and in bredth one hundred and twenty foote which multiplied riseth to 28800. It may bee vsed for our English Acre of grounde which neuerthelesse containeth more c. or for a furlong Obolus is also a small peece of Coyne but variable according to the Coūtry in France it is a little brasse peece the sixt parte of a Souse with vs in England it is a half-penny Yet Iunius taketh it for a penny and farthing of our money It is also a weight containing three Carrets that is halfe a Scruple It is sometime vsed as Obolus terrae fyue foote in breadth and tenne in length which containes siftie foote square A Quadran in coyne is a brasen piece called Triunx or Teruntius the fourteenth part of Denarius or as wee in England count the fourth parte of a penny which is our farthing It is the fourth part of an As that is three ounces and a quarter Also the fourth part of any nūber or measure or three inches It is vsed diuers waies as Quadrans operae Col the fourth part of a daies work Ex quadrante haeredem facere Ulpian to make heire of the fourth part Quadrans vini Cels. sixe ounces of Wine after Budaeus After Physitians foure ounces and a halfe Four Quadrans or Quadrins value an As. The Libella or little booke as it is tearmed is a coyne likewise valuing one As. Of this coyne there were two sorts one the tenth part of Sestertius another the tenth part of Denarius Of English money it is no more thē three farthings It is taken some time for a pound weight Sesquiobolus valueth not halfe a Souse french It is diuersly taken in other Countreyes but in England it is likewise no more then three farthings Also it is a poyse containing three parts of a Scruple The little Sestertius valueth ten Deniers a halfe This coyne was among the Romaines whereof Denarius contained foure and is so called quasi Semitertius for it contained two and a halfe of the brasen coyne called As and is marked with this figure H. S. Of English money it is estimated woorth two pence I meane the little Sestertius The Drachma valueth three french Souses or Sols whereof there be three-score in a French Crowne It is otherwise called three Shillings and sixe pence of this peece there is mention made in the Gospell of S. Mathew This Drachma is a coyne figured with a Bullocke counterpoysing an olde sterling Groate of eyght pence to the ounce It was diuersly taken by the name of Solidus

amongst the Romaines sometimes for a coyne of brasse containing twelue ounces a shylling sometime for Drachma in siluer Aureus solidus in Alexanders tyme was two Drammes of gold afterward in the time of Iustinian sixe of them made an ounce they being of the weight of our olde English Nobles After Aiginea Iun. a shilling Attica Iun. seauen pence Auri twelue siluer Drammes that is an ounce and a halfe of siluer The Sicle valueth two Drachmaes It is a coyne in value about foure English Groates when eyght went to an ounce Siclus Hebraicus vel argenteus according to Iun was two shillings foure pence It is also a weight beeing halfe an ounce in poyse The Didrachma valueth two of the former Drachmaes The Denier valueth foure Sestertiaes which according to some are woorth three shyllings sixe pence It was a dayes wages for a Labourer as it is sayd in the twenty Chapter of Saint Mathew After the Latine Denarius is an olde pennie worth tenne peeces of siluer or tenne Asses According to some other Countries it is reckoned worth eyght pence The word interpreted after our English is vsed for a penny of our common coyne Iunius saith it is a coyne as much as eyght pence of our coyne The Romaine penny likewise was worth foure Sestertiaes and it went in pay for ten Asses Of it were three sorts one the sixt parte of an ounce which was more by the thirde part then the Greeke Drachma Another was the seauenth parte of an ounce weighing a Dramme the seauenth part thereof and twentie and foure went to a pounde The third was the eight part of an ounce equall to the Greeke Dramme in value a sterling Groate when 8 went to an ounce The Sportula valueth an hundred Quadrans or Quadrines After the Romaines they termed it ten Sestertiaes which they vsed to bestowe in a small drinking or banquet on such as came to salute them After our English account by our farthing it is worth two shyllings a penny The Mina valueth an hundred Drachmaes These hundred Drachmaes are of our old sterling money three and thirtie shyllinges and foure pence After others account which take Denarius Rom●nus which is all one with the Drachma whereby they reckon it to be woorth fifty eyght shillings and foure pence It is also takē for a poyse of weight weighing twelue ounces and a halfe so that it is more then the Romaine pound by 4. Drachmaes It is likewise a measure of ground contayning one hundred and twenty two foote in length and as manie in breadth Ten thousand Sestertiaes or tenne great Sestertiaes amount to two hundred and fifty Crowns of the Crowne the best French Crowne next the Sun Crowne A thousand Sestertiaes make twenty fiue Crownes French which is fiue pound sterling of our English money wherby the rest may easily be valued The Myriade valueth 10000. Crownes Twenty thousande Sestertiaes come to fiue hundred Crownes Forty thousande Sestertiaes amount to a thousand Crownes A hundred Sestertiaes that is to say an hundred thousand doe value two thousand fiue hundred French Crownes Two hundred Sestertiaes are fiue thousand Crownes Eyght hundred Sestertiaes come to twentie thousand Crownes A thousand great Sestertiaes make fyue and twenty thousand Crownes Twelue times Sestertiaes are thirty thousand Crownes Fortie times Sestertiaes make an hundred thousand Crownes A hundred times Sestertiaes value two hundred and fiftie thousand Crownes A thousand times Sestertiaes amount to two Millions and 500. thousand Crownes Ten thousand times Sestertiaes are fiue and twenty Millions Twenty thousand times Sestertiaes come to fifty Millions A Talent of Gold valueth sixe hundred Crownes Ten Talents are two hundred and fortie thousand Sestertiaes which come to sixe thousand Crownes Twenty Talents are foure hundred and foure-score thousand Sestertiaes which amount to twelue thousand Crownes Fifty Talents are twelue times Sestertiaes that is to say twelue hundred thousand which value thirty thousand Crownes An hundred Talents are soure and twentie times Sestertiaes beeing three-score thousand Crownes Fiue hundred Talents are six-score times Sestertiaes beeing three hundred thousand Crownes A thousand Talents are tweluescore times Sestertiaes which come to sixe hundred thousand Crownes Foure thousande Talents are nine hundred sixtie times Sestertiaes which make two Millions and foure thousand Crownes Tenne thousande Talents are two thousande and foure hundred tymes Sestertiaes which amounteth to sixe Millions Fifty thousand Talents are twelue thousand tymes Sestertiaes which come to thirty Millions An hundred thousand Talents are foure and twenty thousand times 〈◊〉 which amount to three-score Millions c. To make a briefe account of our English money from the small pennie to the pounde of twentie shillings I thought it necessarie for helpe in the former great summes A Penny is the least coyne among vs saue the halfe penny now vsed Foure pence make a Groate Three Groates make a Shilling Fiue Shillings a Crowne English or an ounce Troy Sixe Shillings eyght pence a Noble Thirteene Shillings four pence a Marke Twentie Shillings a pound tale c. And by these names all summes of money are commonly reckoned with vs. We vsed to call our Siluer coyne sterling because in one quarter it had the picture of the bird which we call a Stare or Starling The Gold coynes may without any great errour be valued after the rate of our Angels except where any notable difference is The Romaine Siluer coyned tyll Uespasians raigne is iustly valued at fiue shillinges three pence halfe penny the ounce Troy but for the speedier supputation I allot vnto it sixteene Groates making no great account of the halfe-penny which is otherwise some-what supplyed Other siluer coynes may be valued at the same rate sauing that the latter Romaine coyne is a little baser then the rest Of Measures for Corne and other thinges THE Mina measure containeth sixe Bushelles The Medimnum after Budaeus contayneth two Amphoras which is almost two Bushels of our measure English The Amphora containeth eyght Congios and fortie eyght Sextaries which is as much as nine Gallons of our English measure Amphora Atticus containeth thirty Gallons and a halfe The Congius containeth sixe Sextaries which is of our English measure a Gallon a Pynte The Sextarius is a measure whereby according to Budaeus all other Measures may be made and certaine tryall by weight and measure The Romaine Sextane containeth of wine or Wheate two pound Romane that is foure and twenty ounces a pounde and a halfe of Haber du poise weight lesse then the Paris pynt by eyght ounces Ye may try it following Glareans rule by making a measure foure inches long by squire three inches deepe as many broad which is the true Sextarius According to this account it is iust our pynt English and a halfe for in our Wine pinte is but sixteene ounces Physitions assigne but eyghteene ounces or at the vttermost twentie to Sextarius then it is but two or four ounces more then our pynt Sextarius after George Agricola contayneth two Heminae one pounde measure and eyght ounces that is twenty ounces or inch measures Sextarius is in weight of Oyle sixteene ounces fiue drammes and one scruple of Wine fifteene ounces and an halfe two Siliquaes and two third parts of a graine The Hemina containeth nine ounces two Quartarios that is three quarters of a pint Quartarius is the fourth part of Sextarius containing two Acebatula a quarter of a pounde Siliqua is the Scruple whereof three make a Dramme is now called a Coract vsed of finers of Gold and siluer The Greeke Tunne and Romaine agreeth with the Vessell of Paris A pynte is the least measure that hath a peculier name with vs in England Two of them make a Quart Two Quarts a pottle Two Pottles a Gallon Of these are the greatest Measures which for Ale Beere and Wine be indifferent The Firkin of Ale holdeth eight Gallons Of Beere nine gallons The Kilderkin of Ale sixteene gallons Of Beere eyghteene gallons The Barrell of Ale thirty two gallons Of Beere thirtie-sixe Of VVine but thirtie one and a halfe The Wine Tierse holdeth forty two Gallons The Hogshead sixtie-three The Tertian eyghty-foure The Pype or Malmesie Butte one hundred and twenty sixe The Tun two hundred and 56. gallons In the measure for Graine two Gallons make a pecke Foure Pecks a Bushell or Strike Foure Bushels a Cowmbe or Cowme a Cornock a Rasor Two Cowmes make a quarter And for the playner declaration of smaller measures I suppose three quarters of a pint to be a pound in measure deuided into 12. ounces euery ounce according to the Goldsmithes assise which pounde containeth of pure Oyle a pound c. FINIS A. M. * Titus Liuius lib. 10. and 30. * Plinie lib. 16. et 22. Aul. Gel. 5. * Plinie lib. 16. et 22. Aul. Gel. 5.