who_o confound_v i_o if_o i_o do_v it_o not_o that_o i_o will_v do_v this_o or_o that_o but_o ordinary_o either_o this_o or_o that_o part_n be_v omit_v and_o oath_n be_v more_o succinct_o give_v as_o by_o those_o example_n in_o holy_a scripture_n where_o god_n be_v introduce_v swear_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n be_v sufficient_o manifest_a there_o you_o may_v find_v god_n swear_v sometime_o by_o a_o simple_a attestation_n without_o any_o execration_n as_o in_o these_o as_o i_o live_v say_v the_o lord_n i_o have_v wear_v by_o myself_o by_o my_o holiness_n etc._n etc._n sometime_o without_o any_o attestation_n by_o a_o execration_n only_o but_o that_o too_o for_o the_o honour_n and_o reverence_n of_o so_o great_a a_o majesty_n and_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n almost_o suppress_v by_o a_o aposiopesis_fw-la word_n of_o ill_a omen_n elliptical_o and_o diminute_o utter_v as_o in_o that_o of_o the_o psalm_n i_o swear_v in_o my_o wrath_n if_o they_o enter_v 95._o into_o my_o rest_n this_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n seem_v certain_a that_o every_o promissory_a oath_n under_o what_o form_n soever_o conceive_v brief_a or_o large_a so_o it_o be_v a_o oath_n and_o no_o mere_a asseveration_n or_o obtestation_n virtual_o contain_v both_o that_o be_v to_o say_v attestation_n and_o execration_n for_o in_o a_o oath_n both_o execration_n suppose_v attestation_n as_o the_v before_o it_o in_o nature_n and_o attestation_n inter_v execration_n as_o its_o necessary_a consequent_a that_o of_o plutarch_n be_v â—â—thy_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d every_o oath_n concude_v with_o a_o curse_n of_o perjury_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o promissory_a oath_n sect_n xi_o it_o remain_v that_o in_o the_o last_o place_n i_o add_v something_o of_o the_o nature_n and_o force_n of_o obligation_n of_o obligation_n lawyer_n say_v much_o and_o with_o prolixity_n enough_o they_o define_v it_o to_o be_v a_o bond_n of_o law_n whereby_o a_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v that_o which_o he_o owe_v which_o definition_n will_v be_v no_o least_o fit_a to_o explain_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v internal_a and_o appertain_v unto_o the_o court_n of_o conscience_n than_o those_o which_o be_v external_a and_o appertain_v to_o the_o court_n of_o judicature_n whether_o in_o church_n or_o in_o commonwealth_n if_o the_o term_n of_o law_n be_v not_o restrain_v to_o that_o which_o be_v humane_a and_o positive_a only_o but_o so_o extend_v as_o it_o take_v in_o also_o universal_a law_n divine_a and_o natural_a now_o since_o every_o obligatory_a bond_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o definition_n derive_v itself_o from_o some_o law_n as_o the_o law_n be_v twofold_a the_o one_o part_n divine_a and_o natural_a the_o other_o civil_a and_o humane_a so_o the_o bond_n or_o obligation_n arise_v from_o thence_o be_v also_o twofold_a to_o wit_n the_o natural_a bond_n which_o oblige_v natural_o and_o in_o foro_fw-la externo_fw-la by_o the_o virtue_n of_o divine_a law_n and_o the_o civil_a bond_n which_o oblige_v civil_o and_o in_o foro_fw-la externo_fw-la by_o virtue_n of_o humane_a law_n some_o call_v that_o the_o obligation_n of_o equity_n this_o the_o obligation_n of_o justice_n whether_o proper_o or_o improper_o i_o dispute_v not_o for_o where_o we_o agree_v in_o the_o thing_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o to_o contend_v about_o the_o term_n but_o whereas_o they_o add_v a_o three_o kind_n of_o obligation_n compound_v of_o the_o former_a two_o that_o certain_o be_v not_o very_o convenient_a or_o at_o the_o least_o not_o necessary_a for_o if_o a_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o same_o duty_n as_o for_o example_n to_o feed_v his_o age_a parent_n both_o by_o natural_a law_n and_o civil_a this_o will_v be_v no_o new_a species_n of_o obligation_n mix_v of_o the_o other_o two_o but_o rather_o two_o obligation_n conjoin_v both_o in_o the_o subject_n and_o object_n in_o the_o subject_n for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o bind_v the_o same_o person_n and_o in_o the_o object_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o bind_v unto_o the_o same_o duty_n and_o yet_o natural_o and_o original_o distinct_a the_o reason_n be_v manifest_a for_o thing_n can_v by_o their_o mixture_n produce_v a_o new_a species_n without_o some_o real_a immutation_n of_o themselves_o whence_o aristotle_n define_v mistion_n misoibilium_fw-la alteratorum_fw-la unionem_fw-la for_o in_o all_o mistion_n there_o must_v be_v alteration_n and_o every_o alteration_n be_v a_o real_a mutation_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o mix_a body_n out_o of_o the_o four_o element_n not_o entire_a but_o break_v and_o alter_v but_o where_o a_o new_a obligation_n be_v add_v unto_o a_o former_a one_o as_o in_o this_o case_n the_o civil_a to_o the_o natural_a no_o real_a mutation_n be_v make_v of_o either_o but_o the_o former_a obligation_n remain_v in_o the_o same_o state_n it_o be_v in_o before_o the_o accession_n of_o the_o new_a and_o latter_a but_o i_o will_v not_o stay_v upon_o these_o subtlety_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o oath_n we_o consider_v the_o morâ—ll_n or_o natural_a obligation_n only_o or_o at_o the_o least_o especial_o the_o other_o the_o civil_a we_o leave_v to_o lawyer_n sect_n xii_o beside_o that_o distinction_n of_o obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o its_o original_a in_o relation_n unto_o the_o law_n whence_o it_o derive_v there_o be_v yet_o another_o take_v from_o the_o object_n in_o relation_n unto_o the_o debt_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o which_o obligation_n aim_v and_o whereunto_o it_o be_v carry_v now_o debt_n be_v twofold_a debitum_fw-la officii_fw-la according_a unto_o which_o every_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n to_o act_v and_o debitum_fw-la supplicii_fw-la according_a to_o which_o every_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o law_n to_o suffer_v if_o he_o neglect_v his_o duty_n in_o the_o former_a sense_n we_o say_v that_o the_o mutual_a exercise_n of_o charity_n be_v a_o debt_n because_o the_o law_n of_o god_n enjoin_v it_o according_a to_o that_o rom._n 13._o 8._o owe_v no_o man_n any_o thing_n but_o to_o lov_v one_o another_o in_o the_o latter_a sense_n we_o say_v that_o sin_n be_v debt_n as_o in_o the_o lord_n prayer_n forgive_v we_o our_o debt_n and_o that_o external_a death_n be_v a_o debt_n according_a to_o that_o rom._n 6._o 23._o the_o wage_n of_o sin_n be_v death_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o latter_a debt_n be_v contract_v by_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o former_a so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n full_o disengage_v his_o debitum_fw-la officiâ—â—_n by_o obey_v what_o the_o law_n command_v he_o remain_v not_o bind_v debito_fw-la supplicâ—i_fw-la to_o suffer_v that_o which_o the_o law_n denounce_v to_o this_o twofold_a debt_n answer_v a_o twofold_a obligation_n of_o the_o very_a same_o denomination_n to_o wit_n obligation_n ad_fw-la officium_fw-la to_o the_o performance_n of_o duty_n and_o obligation_n ad_fw-la supplicium_fw-la to_o the_o sufferance_n of_o punishment_n or_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a term_n which_o come_v all_o to_o one_o obligation_n to_o guilt_n and_o obligation_n to_o punishment_n but_o so_o as_o the_o former_a be_v in_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n chief_a and_o prefer_v before_o the_o latter_a for_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o tyrant_n not_o of_o the_o law_n otherwise_o to_o inflict_v punishment_n then_o in_o relation_n to_o guilâ—_n and_o that_o speech_n of_o the_o apostle_n be_v true_a even_o in_o this_o sense_n though_o perhaps_o more_o right_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o another_o the_o law_n be_v not_o make_v for_o a_o righteous_a man_n the_o law_n therefore_o intend_v primary_o direct_o pierce_v and_o simple_o to_o oblige_v unto_o duty_n and_o obedience_n but_o unto_o chastisement_n and_o punishment_n it_o oblige_v only_o secondary_o indirect_o consequent_o and_o ex_fw-la hypothesi_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v suppose_v the_o neglect_n or_o contempt_n of_o duâ—y_n the_o apostle_n seem_v to_o have_v join_v both_o these_o obligation_n together_o in_o rom._n 13._o where_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o subjection_n due_a unto_o the_o sovereign_a power_n yâ—â—_n must_v needs_o say_v he_o be_v subject_a not_o only_o for_o wrath_n but_o also_o for_o conscrence_n sake_n from_o which_o word_n i_o gather_v three_o thing_n of_o concernment_n to_o my_o present_a intention_n the_o first_o be_v that_o we_o may_v be_v bind_v by_o a_o double_a bond_n to_o the_o performance_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n by_o the_o bond_n of_o duty_n and_o the_o bond_n of_o punishment_n for_o this_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o word_n of_o conscience_n and_o wrath_n the_o second_o that_o the_o conscience_n of_o duty_n ought_v with_o all_o good_a man_n to_o be_v value_v and_o prefer_v before_o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n the_o three_o that_o the_o obligation_n of_o conscience_n arise_v
successor_n for_o example_n caius_n have_v buy_v a_o field_n of_o titius_n swear_v simple_o to_o pay_v he_o a_o hundred_o pound_n within_o six_o month_n within_o the_o time_n caius_n die_v the_o question_n be_v whether_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o oath_n make_v the_o heir_n of_o caius_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n promise_v i_o answer_v the_o heir_n of_o caius_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o give_v occasion_n unto_o the_o oath_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v forasmuch_o as_o he_o enjoy_v the_o field_n for_o which_o the_o money_n be_v promise_v for_o the_o heir_n who_o inherit_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o person_n decease_v be_v bind_v de_fw-la jure_fw-la to_o pay_v his_o just_a debt_n it_o be_v most_o equal_a that_o a_o estate_n shall_v pass_v with_o the_o engagement_n that_o be_v upon_o it_o nethelesse_o the_o heiâ—_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o oath_n make_v by_o the_o person_n decease_v by_o which_o mean_v if_o he_o pay_v not_o he_o be_v unjust_a only_a not_o perjure_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o a_o oath_n be_v a_o personal_a bond_n and_o contract_v a_o spiritual_a obligation_n only_o at_o the_o internal_a bar_n of_o conscience_n not_o a_o civil_a and_o temporal_a one_o at_o the_o external_a bar_n of_o justice_n but_o in_o personal_a thing_n no_o man_n be_v bind_v without_o his_o own_o consent_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o caius_n by_o his_o personal_a act_n may_v well_o oblige_v himself_o and_o his_o heir_n unto_o some_o performance_n as_o we_o see_v it_o daily_o do_v by_o instrument_n of_o law_n and_o therefore_o from_o the_o like_a that_o he_o may_v also_o bind_v his_o heir_n by_o a_o oath_n especial_o if_o he_o say_v in_o express_a word_n that_o he_o swear_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n i_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v not_o in_o either_o like_a reason_n because_o the_o personal_a obligation_n which_o be_v in_o the_o conscience_n must_v necessary_o be_v personal_a as_o a_o man_n conscience_n be_v proper_a unto_o himself_o and_o can_v pass_v into_o another_o but_o temporal_a obligation_n follow_v a_o temporal_a thing_n which_o see_v it_o may_v pass_v unto_o another_o person_n may_v also_o lay_v a_o obligation_n upon_o another_o person_n wherefore_o the_o heir_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o thing_n not_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o oath_n sect_n x._o the_o second_o case_n concern_v the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v whether_o he_o who_o have_v swear_v the_o performance_n of_o a_o thing_n unto_o another_o the_o party_n unto_o who_o he_o swear_v be_v decease_a be_v bind_v to_o make_v it_o good_a unto_o the_o heir_n or_o successor_n of_o the_o say_a party_n i_o answer_v ordinary_o he_o be_v it_o be_v certain_a the_o party_n swear_v be_v oblige_v if_o he_o express_v that_o he_o will_v perform_v the_o oath_n unto_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o other_o it_o may_v also_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v that_o he_o be_v bind_v though_o he_o express_v it_o not_o if_o the_o oath_n take_v relate_v to_o dignity_n because_o dignity_n vary_v not_o with_o the_o change_n of_o person_n whence_o if_o any_o subject_n or_o soldier_n swear_v fidelity_n unto_o his_o king_n or_o general_n the_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v take_v as_o make_v unto_o they_o also_o who_o succeed_v unto_o that_o dignity_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v in_o matter_n of_o debt_n and_o sundry_a other_o thing_n wherein_o consideration_n of_o duty_n or_o contract_n give_v occasion_n of_o the_o oath_n if_o you_o shall_v inquire_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v personal_a as_o to_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v not_o also_o personal_a as_o to_o the_o party_n unto_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v but_o pass_v unto_o his_o heir_n or_o successor_n or_o which_o come_v to_o the_o same_o matter_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o a_o man_n may_v engage_v himself_o unto_o another_o and_o his_o successor_n though_o successor_n be_v not_o express_v in_o the_o oath_n but_o can_v oblige_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n though_o they_o be_v express_v in_o the_o oath_n i_o answer_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n lie_v in_o this_o that_o in_o the_o one_o case_n obligation_n of_o a_o man_n self_n be_v mean_v in_o the_o other_o obligation_n of_o other_o any_o man_n may_v oblige_v himself_o spiritual_o as_o he_o will_v or_o please_v and_o therefore_o may_v by_o his_o proper_a act_n oblige_v himself_o as_o well_o to_o the_o successor_n of_o another_o as_o to_o the_o person_n himself_o but_o a_o man_n can_v lay_v a_o obligation_n upon_o another_o unless_o he_o also_o consent_v and_o therefore_o he_o can_v by_o his_o act_n spiritual_o oblige_v himself_o only_o now_o whereas_o i_o say_v in_o answer_n unto_o the_o doubt_n in_o this_o case_n that_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v ordinary_o oblige_v the_o reason_n why_o i_o say_v so_o be_v because_o it_o may_v be_v that_o sometime_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v for_o see_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v aught_o to_o be_v judge_v of_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o subject_a matter_n where_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n promise_v and_o other_o circumstance_n it_o may_v probable_o be_v conjecture_v that_o the_o party_n swear_v intend_v only_o a_o personal_a promise_n unto_o the_o person_n unto_o who_o he_o swear_v and_o not_o unto_o his_o successor_n the_o obligation_n of_o the_o oath_n divolve_v not_o unto_o those_o successor_n sect_n xi_o but_o of_o active_a cause_n this_o may_v suffice_v i_o pass_v to_o the_o impulsive_a which_o be_v partly_o external_a and_o partly_o internal_a internal_a when_o a_o man_n through_o the_o mere_a motion_n of_o his_o own_o will_n not_o compel_v by_o any_o other_o free_o offer_v himself_o to_o take_v a_o oath_n or_o through_o some_o transportation_n of_o anger_n love_n or_o other_o passion_n of_o a_o perturb_a mind_n or_o through_o delight_n in_o sin_n and_o impious_a custom_n of_o swear_v rash_o and_o without_o judgement_n besprinkle_v his_o discourse_n with_o oath_n which_o vice_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaviness_n and_o frequency_n of_o the_o sin_n i_o can_v wish_v be_v more_o often_o and_o vehement_o reprehend_v in_o sermon_n as_o i_o see_v it_o be_v diligent_o and_o sharp_o do_v in_o his_o time_n by_o the_o most_o devout_a man_n john_n chrysostome_n leave_v by_o the_o just_a judgement_n of_o god_n through_o oath_n the_o earth_n mourn_v and_o the_o lord_n swear_v in_o his_o wrath_n that_o he_o will_v not_o hold_v they_o guiltless_a who_o so_o contemn_v his_o dreadful_a name_n that_o they_o fear_v not_o to_o invoke_v his_o most_o sacred_a majesty_n as_o witnesseâ—_n and_o arbyter_n without_o any_o necessity_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o say_v much_o concern_v oath_n of_o this_o kind_n all_o spontaneous_a oath_n be_v absolute_o forbid_v except_o upon_o weighty_a and_o necessary_a occasion_n it_o will_v be_v worth_a our_o while_n to_o hear_v augustine_n of_o himself_o i_o swear_v say_v he_o but_o as_o i_o conceive_v compel_v thereto_o by_o great_a necessity_n while_o i_o see_v that_o i_o be_o not_o believe_v without_o it_o and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o expedient_a for_o he_o who_o believe_v i_o not_o not_o to_o believe_v i_o as_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v say_v we_o may_v only_o then_o swear_v when_o it_o be_v expedient_a that_o we_o be_v believe_v and_o can_v be_v believe_v without_o we_o swear_v and_o in_o this_o case_n in_o which_o only_o it_o be_v lawful_a a_o voluntary_a oath_n be_v the_o more_o bind_v for_o be_v voluntary_a because_o there_o be_v no_o straight_a obligation_n then_o that_o which_o we_o take_v willing_o upon_o ourselves_o sect_n xii_o wherefore_o let_v these_o pass_n i_o proceed_v to_o external_a impulsive_a cause_n which_o be_v especial_o two_o deceit_n and_o force_n the_o five_o doubt_n therefore_o be_v of_o a_o oath_n into_o which_o we_o be_v inveigle_v by_o craft_n and_o deceit_n that_o be_v when_o one_o man_n lead_v into_o error_n by_o another_o man_n word_n or_o fact_n swear_v to_o perform_v something_o which_o if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v deceive_v by_o another_o he_o will_v not_o have_v swear_v of_o which_o we_o have_v a_o illustrious_a example_n in_o joshua_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n who_o deceive_v by_o the_o gibeonite_n feign_v themselves_o to_o be_v stranger_n come_v from_o a_o far_a country_n to_o desire_v a_o league_n with_o the_o people_n of_o god_n admit_v they_o unto_o the_o league_n and_o swear_v a_o peace_n with_o they_o nor_o do_v the_o israelite_n when_o they_o find_v themselves_o deceive_v presume_v to_o retract_v the_o oath_n know_v themselves_o bind_v by_o the_o religion_n thereof_o but_o grant_v life_n and_o peace_n unto_o the_o gibeonite_n aâ—_n they_o have_v contract_v nevertheless_o
impulsive_a cause_n of_o oath_n 130._o they_o be_v twofold_a ibid._n intention_n of_o the_o party_n how_o to_o be_v judge_v 130_o intention_n free_v not_o a_o man_n from_o perjury_n 224_o internal_a form_n of_o oath_n 188_o joseph_n oath_n 169_o joshuas_n oath_n 19_o 132_o irritation_n of_o a_o lawful_a superior_n cancel_v the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n 247_o judah_n oath_n to_o thamar_n 219_o l._n la_o twofold_a 23_o lawful_a power_n require_v in_o a_o oath_n 206_o lawful_a to_o swear_v to_o a_o infidel_n 122_o m._n madman_n and_o fool_n oath_n 109_o manichee_n do_v swear_v frequent_o by_o the_o creature_n 159_o matter_n of_o a_o oath_n either_o indefinite_a or_o definite_a 66_o mental_a reservation_n in_o oath_n 198_o mind_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v 176_o o._n oath_n of_o those_o who_o be_v not_o in_o their_o own_o power_n 115._o without_o his_o consent_n in_o who_o power_n they_o be_v 117_o oath_n make_v to_o infidel_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v 122_o oath_n be_v personal_a bond_n 127_o oath_n obtain_v by_o fraud_n 132_o oath_n extort_a by_o fear_n 135._o by_o a_o slight_a fear_n 136._o they_o bind_v ibid._n oath_n make_v to_o thief_n be_v bind_v 138_o oath_n by_o sign_n without_o word_n 151_o oath_n by_o the_o creature_n 153._o be_v unlawful_a ibid._n it_o be_v good_a to_o abstain_v from_o they_o 157_o oath_n make_v by_o idol_n 160._o be_v double_a sin_n 161_o yet_o they_o be_v obligatory_a 162_o oath_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n 174_o oath_n give_v to_o prince_n 183_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n take_v by_o jesuit_n 200_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n 73_o oath_n upon_o condition_n 215_o oath_n in_o compliment_n 221_o oath_n religious_a act_n 6_o oath_n end_n of_o all_o contradiction_n 13_o oath_n be_v the_o great_a humane_a faith_n that_o can_v be_v 15_o oath_n assertory_n and_o promissory_a 17_o oath_n invoke_v god_n both_o as_o a_o witness_n and_o a_o judge_n 21_o oath_n oblige_v the_o conscience_n 29_o oath_n institute_v of_o god_n 45_o oath_n make_v not_o former_a obligation_n void_a 58_o oath_n of_o thing_n simple_o impossible_a be_v not_o obligatory_a nor_o lawful_a 66_o oath_n against_o the_o law_n of_o a_o community_n 80_o oath_n of_o thing_n which_o the_o party_n swear_v think_v to_o be_v unlawful_a 82_o oath_n impeditive_a of_o some_o future_a good_a 86_o oath_n tend_v to_o some_o one_o hurt_n 88_o oath_n give_v scandal_n hinder_v they_o not_o from_o bind_v 92_o oath_n in_o case_n indifferent_a both_o lawful_a and_o bind_v 93_o oath_n bind_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o least_o moment_n 94_o oath_n of_o homage_n and_o supremacy_n 98_o oath_n of_o member_n of_o community_n 99_o oath_n be_v of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o evil_a in_o themselves_o 264._o nor_o desirable_a ibid._n good_a because_o necessary_a ibid._n oath_n not_o to_o be_v take_v with_o reluctancy_n nor_o a_o unsatisfy_a conscience_n 269_o object_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v a_o doubtful_a thing_n 11_o obligation_n what_o it_o be_v 23._o it_o be_v twofold_a 26_o obligation_n of_o conscience_n arise_v precise_o out_o of_o the_o debt_n of_o duty_n 27_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v stricti_fw-la juris_fw-la 48._o temper_v with_o equity_n but_o not_o corrupt_v with_o favour_n 49_o p._n paulus_n cortesius_n and_o peter_n bembo_n too_o much_o affect_v to_o elegancy_n 35_o perjury_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n 38_o perjury_n not_o take_v away_o by_o any_o kind_n of_o simulation_n 41_o philosopher_n and_o divine_n be_v not_o to_o affect_v oratory_n 36_o pomponius_n his_o oath_n 140_o promissory_a oath_n 17._o under_o they_o comminatory_a oath_n be_v comprehend_v 19_o what_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o assertory_n oath_n 29._o to_o be_v understand_v in_o that_o sense_n as_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v intend_v 209_o proper_a matter_n of_o a_o oath_n 15_o proper_a obligation_n of_o a_o promissory_a oath_n 31_o q._n quality_n require_v in_o one_o who_o defer_v a_o oath_n 120_o r._n rational_a judgement_n require_v in_o a_o oath_n 106_o relaxation_n free_v a_o man_n from_o his_o oath_n 250_o avail_v nothing_o in_o contract_n of_o matrimony_n 256_o religion_n of_o a_o oath_n always_o hold_v most_o sacred_a 7_o regulus_n his_o oath_n 123_o right_n of_o ruler_n over_o their_o subject_n perpetual_a 246_o right_n fit_v to_o be_v in_o divine_a worship_n 180_o rite_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n all_o alike_o lawful_a or_o unlawful_a 181_o roman_n oath_n 170_o s._n sense_n of_o a_o oath_n how_o to_o be_v take_v 190_o silence_n swear_v to_o thief_n 144_o simplicity_n become_v a_o oath_n 37._o to_o which_o two_o kind_n of_o simulation_n be_v repugnant_a 39_o simulation_n be_v against_o the_o three_o commandment_n 47_o single_a and_o double_a truth_n 228_o sin_n against_o the_o conscience_n be_v grievous_a 83_o solemn_a rite_n of_o oath_n 178_o solemnity_n of_o the_o act_n aggravate_v the_o sin_n of_o a_o oath_n 183_o some_o thing_n require_v a_o mild_a interpretation_n 51_o some_o legal_a rite_n of_o society_n appertain_v even_o to_o thief_n 140_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n what_o it_o be_v 229._o proper_a to_o a_o promissory_a oath_n 227_o solomon_n oath_n to_o bathsheba_n 96_o speech_n of_o ambiguous_a and_o indefinite_a sense_n before_o it_o be_v distinguish_v be_v no_o proposition_n 212_o spontaneous_a oath_n forbid_v unless_o it_o be_v upon_o necessary_a and_o weighty_a occasion_n 131._o 307_o summary_n of_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o book_n 3_o superfluous_a thing_n not_o to_o be_v put_v in_o definition_n 10_o t._n tacite_fw-la antecedent_n consent_n 118._o subsequent_a 119_o thing_n can_v by_o their_o mixture_n produce_v a_o new_a species_n without_o some_o real_a immutation_n 24_o thing_n unlawful_a ex_fw-la accident_n 82_o two_o swear_v mutual_o 125_o twofold_a obligation_n may_v arise_v out_o of_o a_o oath_n 143_o u._n verbal_a form_n of_o oath_n 163_o verbal_a equivocation_n in_o a_o oath_n 192_o unlawful_a thing_n oblige_v not_o 53._o 61_o unlawful_a thing_n several_a way_n 76_o unlawful_a thing_n secundario_fw-la 78_o unlawful_a oath_n to_o be_v refuse_v even_o to_o danger_n of_o life_n 121_o unlawful_a to_o promise_v any_o thing_n to_o a_o evil_a intent_n 218_o undue_a exaction_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v a_o grievous_a sin_n 267_o vow_n make_v to_o god_n and_o oath_n to_o man_n be_v the_o strong_a of_o all_o obligation_n 29_o use_v of_o oath_n lawful_a 257._o in_o common_a discourse_n unlawful_a 259_o use_v of_o promissory_a oath_n in_o justice_n 266_o w._n what_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v perform_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v swear_v 63_o what_o truth_n be_v require_v in_o a_o promissory_a oath_n 227_o what_o be_v not_o of_o faith_n be_v sin_n 269_o what_o be_v not_o fit_a matter_n for_o oath_n 12._o what_o be_v ibid._n who_o swear_v by_o the_o creature_n do_v it_o some_o way_n inrelatioâ—_n god_n 9_o whosoever_o be_v oblige_v be_v oblige_v to_o another_o 58_o why_o a_o oath_n call_v sacrament_n 7_o will_n can_v be_v force_v 142_o word_n be_v interpreter_n of_o thing_n conceive_v in_o the_o mind_n 150_o finis_fw-la gen._n 24._o 9_o josh._n 9_o 15._o mat._n 14._o 7._o psal._n 95._o psal._n 56._o 6._o psal._n 12._o 5._o psal._n 110._o 4._o psal._n 132._o 11._o jer._n 4._o 2._o amos_n 6._o 12._o hor._n 3._o lib._n 2._o ode_n 1_o cor._n 15._o 23._o gen._n 41._o 15._o mat._n 5._o 34._o
preciselv_n out_o of_o the_o debt_n of_o duty_n whence_o also_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o we_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o obligation_n of_o oath_n as_o it_o concern_v conscience_n be_v primary_o and_o especial_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o obligation_n which_o bind_v we_o to_o the_o performance_n of_o duty_n not_o of_o that_o whereby_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o suffer_v the_o punishment_n due_a unto_o perjury_n sect_n xiii_o these_o two_o distinction_n of_o obligation_n lay_v it_o be_v forth_o rmore_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o every_o oath_n be_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n bind_v insomuch_o as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v swear_v without_o any_o intention_n to_o oblige_v himself_o nay_o although_o he_o shall_v swear_v with_o a_o intention_n not_o to_o oblige_v himself_o nevertheless_o the_o oath_n take_v he_o become_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la oblige_v as_o in_o its_o place_n if_o it_o please_v god_n that_o i_o go_v so_o far_o i_o shall_v more_o full_o show_v cicerâ—_n say_v right_a our_o ancestor_n will_v have_v no_o bond_n for_o the_o obligation_n of_o faith_n strict_a than_o that_o of_o a_o oath_n but_o what_o can_v be_v more_o clear_o say_v in_o this_o matter_n then_o that_o which_o moses_n say_v in_o the_o text_n if_o a_o man_n vow_v a_o vow_n unto_o the_o lord_n or_o swear_v a_o oath_n to_o line_v his_o soul_n with_o a_o bâ—nd_n where_o that_o gemination_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o hebrew_n have_v much_o emphasis_n and_o fortify_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n as_o in_o multiply_v i_o will_v multiply_v &_o in_o blessing_n i_o will_v bless_v that_o be_v i_o will_v exceed_o multiply_v i_o will_v great_o bless_v so_o ligando_fw-la ligamen_fw-la bind_v with_o a_o bond_n that_o be_v strong_o bind_v as_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v say_v although_o even_o a_o bare_a promise_n oblige_v the_o conscience_n and_o that_o with_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o asseveration_n or_o obtestation_n it_o oblige_v more_o strict_o yet_o a_o vow_n which_o be_v make_v to_o god_n and_o a_o oath_n which_o be_v make_v to_o man_n but_o with_o the_o witness_n of_o god_n be_v the_o strong_a of_o all_o obligation_n wherefore_o every_o oath_n oblige_v the_o conscience_n as_o well_o the_o assertory_n as_o the_o promissory_a of_o the_o promissory_a see_v it_o respect_v the_o time_n to_o come_v no_o man_n can_v doubt_v but_o of_o the_o assertory_n perhaps_o not_o without_o reason_n there_o may_v be_v some_o question_n make_v because_o all_o obligation_n bind_v unto_o some_o thing_n that_o be_v future_a but_o it_o have_v be_v say_v before_o that_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o assertory_n oath_n from_o the_o promissory_a consist_v in_o this_o that_o that_o respect_v a_o thing_n present_a or_o past_a this_o a_o future_a but_o the_o solution_n be_v easy_a to_o wit_n that_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n qua_fw-la tale_n fall_v not_o primary_o upon_o the_o object_n or_o matter_n of_o oath_n for_o so_o a_o assertory_n oath_n who_o object_n be_v something_o past_a or_o present_a can_v not_o lay_v any_o obligation_n for_o the_o future_a but_o obligation_n fall_v immediate_o and_o direct_o upon_o the_o subject_n that_o be_v the_o conscience_n of_o the_o swearer_n who_o in_o both_o kind_n of_o oath_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o some_o duty_n for_o the_o future_a sect_n fourteen_o which_o that_o it_o may_v be_v make_v more_o manifest_a and_o that_o withal_o it_o may_v moâ—â—_n clear_o appear_v what_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o promissory_a oath_n which_o i_o have_v undertake_v to_o explain_v be_v i_o will_v do_v my_o best_a to_o show_v what_o be_v common_a to_o both_o kind_n of_o oath_n so_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o effect_n of_o obligation_n and_o what_o be_v peculiar_a unto_o a_o promissory_a oath_n and_o first_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v which_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o evident_a as_o its_o contradictory_n imply_v a_o manifest_a contradiction_n that_o all_o obligation_n to_o duty_n respect_v the_o duty_n to_o be_v perform_v de_fw-la futuro_fw-la that_o be_v at_o the_o least_o some_o time_n though_o perhaps_o a_o very_a small_a one_o after_o the_o obligation_n contract_v nor_o be_v it_o hard_o to_o be_v observe_v if_o diligent_o consider_v that_o this_o happen_v unto_o every_o oath_n as_o well_o assertory_n as_o promissory_a for_o whosoever_o swear_v oblige_v himself_o ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la to_o manifest_v the_o truth_n in_o that_o which_o he_o be_v about_o to_o say_v whether_o it_o be_v in_o a_o matter_n past_a or_o present_a by_o a_o assertory_n or_o in_o a_o future_a matter_n by_o a_o promissory_a oath_n and_o hitherto_o this_o obligation_n be_v alike_o common_a to_o both_o kind_n so_o that_o if_o in_o either_o of_o they_o the_o word_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v do_v not_o agree_v with_o his_o mind_n he_o become_v guilty_a of_o the_o breach_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o thence_o also_o 〈◊〉_d necessary_a consequence_n obnoxious_a unto_o punishment_n but_o in_o the_o promissory_a oath_n beside_o this_o obligation_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o conscience_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v and_o be_v common_a to_o it_o and_o the_o assertory_n quatenus_fw-la juramentum_fw-la there_o be_v another_o further_a obligation_n proper_a and_o peculiar_a unto_o it_o quatenus_fw-la promissorium_fw-la which_o fall_v upon_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o oath_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o the_o promissory_a party_n swear_v be_v bind_v not_o only_o in_o present_a to_o intend_v to_o do_v that_o which_o he_o swear_v that_o his_o word_n may_v agree_v with_o his_o mind_n but_o also_o to_o endeavour_n for_o the_o future_a as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v to_o fulfil_v that_o which_o he_o have_v swear_v that_o his_o deed_n may_v agree_v with_o his_o word_n that_o be_v he_o oblige_v himself_o not_o only_o bare_o to_o promise_v that_o which_o he_o real_o intend_v but_o also_o far_a oblige_v himself_o to_o perform_v all_o that_o which_o he_o have_v promise_v by_o oath_n which_o the_o word_n of_o moses_n in_o this_o verse_n clear_o express_v if_o a_o man_n say_v he_o vow_v a_o vow_n unto_o the_o lord_n or_o swear_v a_o oath_n to_o bind_v his_o soul_n with_o a_o bond_n he_o shall_v not_o break_v his_o word_n he_o shall_v do_v according_a to_o all_o that_o proceed_v out_o of_o his_o mouth_n and_o thus_o as_o full_o as_o i_o oâ—ght_n &_o asclear_o as_o i_o can_v i_o have_v unfold_v unto_o you_o my_o sense_n upon_o the_o first_o head_n of_o this_o discourse_n what_o a_o oath_n be_v what_o a_o promissory_a oath_n what_o obligation_n in_o my_o next_o lecture_n with_o the_o help_n of_o god_n i_o shall_v proceed_v unto_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o order_n which_o i_o have_v propose_v the_o second_o lecture_n summary_n 1._o a_o premonition_n concern_v style_n 2._o hypothesis_n 1._o above_o all_o thing_n simplicity_n become_v a_o oath_n 3._o simulation_n and_o deceit_n be_v repugnant_a unto_o simplicity_n 4_o 5_o 6_o 7._o simulation_n do_v not_o evade_v perjury_n 8._o hypothesis_n 2._o a_o oath_n be_v stricti_fw-la juris_fw-la 9_o the_o interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v too_o loose_a 10._o all_o condition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v express_v in_o a_o oath_n 11._o hypoth_o 3._o a_o oath_n make_v not_o a_o former_a obligation_n void_a 12._o a_o impossible_a thing_n oblige_v not_o 13._o a_o unlawful_a thing_n oblige_v not_o 14._o the_o difference_n between_o a_o unlawful_a oath_n and_o a_o oath_n of_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n sect_n i._o have_v explain_v in_o the_o former_a lecture_n what_o a_o oath_n be_v in_o general_a what_o a_o promissory_a oath_n in_o particular_a and_o what_o obligation_n i_o proceed_v as_o i_o promise_v to_o propose_v some_o preoccupation_n or_o hypothesis_n fit_v for_o our_o purpose_n as_o foundation_n or_o if_o you_o please_v canon_n or_o rule_n of_o the_o whole_a future_a discourse_n from_o whence_o be_v to_o be_v derive_v and_o to_o which_o be_v to_o be_v reduce_v the_o determination_n of_o most_o doubt_n but_o before_o i_o do_v this_o of_o one_o thing_n by_o the_o way_n which_o i_o go_v not_o about_o to_o entreat_v of_o you_o as_o i_o shall_v do_v if_o i_o can_v suspect_v your_o savour_n or_o believe_v the_o thing_n in_o itself_o unjust_a i_o desire_v only_o to_o premonish_v you_o that_o it_o be_v my_o resolution_n so_o long_o as_o i_o can_v find_v wherewithal_o to_o be_v any_o way_n significant_a in_o my_o expression_n of_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v handle_v not_o to_o labour_v far_o for_o word_n muchlesse_a purity_n of_o language_n and_o least_o of_o all_o to_o trouble_v myself_o for_o elegance_n i_o leave_v that_o to_o such_o as_o have_v leisure_n and_o be_v delight_v to_o take_v pain_n for_o that_o which_o be_v unnecessary_a i_o use_v to_o relate_v among_o my_o friend_n not_o without_o some_o sport_n and_o laughter_n what_o sweat_v it_o cost_v paulus_n cortesius_n a_o man_n
de_fw-fr juramento_fw-la seven_o lecture_n concern_v the_o obligation_n of_o promissory_a oath_n read_v public_o in_o the_o divinity_n school_n at_o oxford_n by_o robert_n senderson_n d._n d._n his_o majesty_n public_a professor_n there_o translate_v into_o english_a by_o his_o late_a majesty_n special_a command_n and_o afterward_o revise_v and_o approve_v under_o his_o majesty_n own_o hand_n london_n print_v by_o e._n c._n for_o humphrey_n moseley_n octavian_n pulleyn_n and_o andrew_n crook_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o their_o shop_n in_o st._n pauls-châ—â—châ—yard_a 1655._o to_o the_o reader_n shall_v i_o tell_v thou_o no_o more_o but_o the_o author_n name_n and_o by_o who_o command_n this_o book_n be_v make_v english_a it_o be_v sufficient_a commendation_n but_o because_o i_o intend_v not_o to_o waste_v many_o word_n know_v that_o whether_o thou_o be_v a_o ruler_n or_o a_o subject_a single_a or_o marry_v this_o book_n will_v concern_v thou_o since_o thou_o can_v not_o make_v any_o oath_n promise_v or_o stipulation_n and_o thou_o can_v not_o quiet_o live_v without_o they_o but_o may_v here_o read_v how_o far_o thou_o stand_v oblige_v so_o that_o whether_o thou_o love_v thy_o own_o conscience_n or_o thy_o neighbour_n the_o author_n and_o perhaps_o the_o translator_n have_v here_o do_v thou_o a_o courtesy_n farewell_n of_o the_o obligation_n of_o oath_n the_o first_o lecture_n numb._n 30._o 2._o if_o a_o man_n vow_v a_o vow_n unto_o the_o lord_n or_o swear_v a_o oath_n to_o bind_v his_o soul_n with_o a_o bond_n he_o shall_v not_o break_v his_o word_n he_o shall_v do_v according_a to_o all_o that_o proceed_v out_o of_o his_o mouth_n the_o summary_n 1._o the_o thing_n to_o be_v handle_v propose_v 2._o the_o definition_n of_o a_o oath_n 3._o a_o oath_n be_v a_o religious_a act._n 4._o in_o a_o oath_n god_n be_v call_v to_o witness_v 5._o the_o matter_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v something_o in_o doubt_n 6._o the_o end_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v credit_n 7._o the_o definition_n give_v contain_v all_o the_o four_o kind_n of_o cause_n 8._o oath_n assertory_n and_o promissory_a 9_o oath_n comminatory_n 10._o oath_n execratory_n 11._o the_o definition_n and_o distinction_n of_o obligation_n 12._o obligation_n to_o guilt_n and_o to_o punishment_n 13._o a_o oath_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o obligatory_a 14._o the_o different_a obligation_n of_o the_o assertory_n and_o promissory_a sect_n i._o i_o shall_v handle_v this_o matter_n with_o the_o more_o expedition_n and_o your_o better_a profit_n as_o i_o conceive_v if_o in_o the_o very_a entrance_n i_o lay_v before_o your_o eye_n as_o it_o be_v a_o general_a map_n of_o my_o future_a discourse_n for_o so_o both_o you_o may_v better_o understand_v my_o design_n and_o i_o more_o certain_o bind_v my_o speech_n that_o i_o may_v either_o contain_v it_o within_o the_o due_a compass_n or_o if_o it_o chance_v to_o start_v out_o a_o little_a it_o do_v not_o so_o loose_o wander_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v mature_o bring_v in_o order_n and_o reduce_v unto_o the_o point_n i_o shall_v therefore_o deliver_v the_o whole_a matter_n under_o three_o head_n first_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o better_o understand_v of_o what_o i_o speak_v i_o will_v show_v what_o a_o oath_n be_v in_o general_a what_o a_o promissory_a oath_n be_v in_o particular_a &_o what_o obligation_n then_o because_o the_o determination_n of_o uncertain_a thing_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v from_o such_o as_o be_v certain_a i_o shall_v propose_v certain_a axiom_n or_o general_a rule_n derive_v from_o the_o fountain_n of_o natural_a law_n and_o confirm_v by_o general_a consent_n as_o hypothesis_n and_o touchstone_n of_o the_o future_a disquisition_n from_o whence_o the_o decision_n of_o particular_a case_n be_v to_o be_v deduce_v and_o to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v bring_v as_o unto_o their_o rule_n &_o canon_n these_o two_o necessary_o premise_v of_o which_o one_o will_v give_v light_a to_o that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v speak_v the_o other_o strength_n and_o foundation_n i_o shall_v come_v in_o the_o three_o place_n to_o salve_v those_o doubt_n which_o may_v have_v any_o difficulty_n in_o they_o worthy_a of_o debate_n or_o may_v serve_v to_o cast_v any_o scruple_n into_o the_o mind_n and_o conscience_n of_o pious_a man_n which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n and_o by_o far_o the_o large_a i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o bring_v all_o the_o variety_n of_o case_n into_o certain_a class_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o four_o kind_n of_o cause_n so_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o bond_n of_o obligation_n reserve_v to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o work_n both_o those_o thing_n which_o appertain_v to_o the_o solution_n of_o that_o bond_n and_o any_o other_o which_o i_o shall_v either_o find_v to_o have_v be_v omit_v in_o their_o due_a place_n or_o judge_v fit_a for_o the_o better_a regulation_n of_o life_n and_o conscience_n to_o be_v annex_v sect_n ii_o the_o draught_n of_o the_o whole_a future_a treaty_n thus_o delineate_v as_o in_o a_o map_n now_o i_o betake_v myself_o to_o the_o matter_n where_o first_o be_v to_o be_v explain_v what_o a_o oath_n be_v i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o insist_v upon_o the_o name_n and_o the_o define_n thereof_o for_o the_o ill_a custom_n of_o swear_v be_v grow_v to_o that_o pass_n and_o the_o familiar_a abuse_n of_o this_o so_o sacred_a a_o thing_n be_v such_o in_o these_o debauch_a time_n that_o it_o can_v be_v unknown_a to_o no_o man_n nay_o not_o unto_o child_n what_o a_o oath_n be_v author_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v various_o express_v the_o definition_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o according_a to_o their_o particular_a fancy_n that_o of_o cicero_n be_v the_o most_o concise_a a_o oath_n say_v he_o be_v a_o religious_a affirmation_n where_o by_o the_o way_n i_o both_o admire_v and_o be_o angry_a at_o the_o forward_a youth_n of_o this_o age_n who_o i_o know_v not_o out_o of_o what_o erroneous_a prejudice_n but_o i_o be_o confident_a to_o their_o own_o great_a hurt_n avoid_v cicero_n as_o a_o writer_n of_o too_o much_o prolixity_n but_o i_o return_v if_o any_o man_n desire_v a_o full_a definition_n of_o a_o oath_n let_v he_o take_v this_o a_o oath_n be_v a_o religious_a act_n by_o which_o god_n be_v call_v to_o witness_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o some_o matter_n in_o doubt_n every_o member_n of_o this_o definition_n i_o shall_v particular_o explain_v sect_n iii_o first_o i_o say_v it_o be_v a_o religious_a act_n act_n be_v put_v as_o the_o genus_fw-la for_o though_o a_o oath_n be_v proper_o in_o the_o predicament_n of_o relation_n yet_o because_o the_o relative_a respect_n which_o be_v in_o a_o oath_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o act_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v it_o be_v not_o for_o that_o reason_n impertinent_o define_v by_o such_o a_o act_n for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o the_o definition_n of_o relative_n the_o matter_n or_o ground_n of_o that_o relation_n be_v usual_o put_v in_o for_o the_o genus_fw-la now_o that_o it_o be_v a_o religious_a act_n be_v manifest_a first_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o scripture_n deut._n 6._o 13._o thou_o shall_v fear_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o serve_v he_o and_o swear_v by_o his_o name_n from_o which_o place_n the_o schoolman_n unanimous_o conclude_v that_o a_o oath_n be_v to_o use_v their_o term_n cultus_fw-la latriae_fw-la that_o be_v a_o act_n of_o such_o holy_a worship_n as_o be_v due_a unto_o god_n alone_o socond_o it_o be_v manife_a by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o nation_n among_o who_o as_o lead_v by_o one_o light_n of_o nature_n the_o religion_n of_o a_o oath_n have_v be_v ever_o hold_v most_o sacred_a insomuch_o that_o the_o very_a word_n sanctity_n religion_n and_o other_o of_o like_a sense_n be_v scarce_o in_o any_o other_o so_o frequent_o use_v among_o heathen_a writer_n as_o in_o this_o matter_n of_o oath_n and_o though_o they_o have_v many_o rite_n among_o they_o which_o they_o hold_v sacred_a yet_o to_o a_o oath_n only_o for_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o that_o it_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o most_o holy_a of_o their_o holy_a thing_n remain_v as_o peculiar_a right_n by_o the_o name_n of_o sacrament_n from_o whence_o that_o name_n pass_v afterward_o into_o the_o church_n from_o some_o similitude_n with_o the_o military_a sacrament_n of_o the_o roman_n yet_o to_o signify_v some_o other_o thing_n the_o french_a also_o at_o this_o day_n frame_v the_o latin_a word_n sacramentum_fw-la unto_o their_o pronunciation_n call_v a_o oath_n unserement_n three_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o most_o evident_a reason_n because_o a_o oath_n tend_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n as_o be_v a_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o truth_n wisdom_n justice_n and_o divine_a power_n for_o although_o a_o false_a oath_n or_o a_o oath_n light_o rash_o
whether_o it_o be_v consider_v as_o to_o be_v swear_v or_o as_o swear_v of_o a_o thing_n to_o be_v swear_v the_o question_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o swear_v after_o this_o or_o that_o manner_n of_o a_o thing_n swear_v the_o matter_n be_v state_v whether_o the_o conscience_n be_v and_o how_o far_o it_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o oath_n be_v it_o lawful_a or_o unlawful_a for_o obligation_n may_v arise_v from_o a_o unlawful_a act_n and_o this_o question_n only_o be_v proper_a to_o our_o purpose_n nevertheless_o i_o shall_v often_o cursory_o express_v at_o the_o least_o where_o i_o find_v that_o the_o same_o pot_n may_v whiten_v either_o wall_n what_o i_o think_v of_o the_o other_o question_n also_o especial_o since_o by_o intimation_n of_o my_o friend_n i_o understand_v it_o be_v expect_v by_o some_o and_o will_v be_v acceptable_a unto_o the_o most_o of_o you_o the_o matter_n therefore_o of_o a_o oath_n that_o i_o may_v return_v to_o the_o business_n be_v either_o definite_a or_o indefinite_a that_o which_o be_v certain_a and_o definite_a may_v be_v consider_v according_a unto_o its_o esse_fw-la naturale_fw-la or_o existence_n to_o wit_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n possible_a to_o be_v perform_v or_o impossible_a or_o according_a to_o its_o esse_fw-la morale_fw-la or_o quality_n to_o wit_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n necessary_a unlawful_a or_o indifferent_a sect_n iii_o the_o first_o doubt_n be_v what_o obligation_n there_o be_v in_o a_o oath_n contain_v a_o impossible_a thing_n that_o be_v if_o a_o man_n shall_v swear_v to_o do_v a_o thing_n which_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v whether_o he_o be_v and_o how_o far_o he_o be_v oblige_v thereunto_o the_o case_n which_o occur_v in_o this_o doubt_n be_v especial_o three_o first_o where_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v swear_v be_v from_o the_o beginning_n and_o during_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v evident_o and_o simple_o impossible_a either_o by_o impossibility_n of_o nature_n when_o the_o thing_n in_o itself_o and_o bare_o consider_v without_o respect_n unto_o circumstance_n imply_v a_o manifest_a contradiction_n or_o be_v repugnant_a unto_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o species_n of_o ens_fw-la as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v promise_v to_o teach_v a_o ass_n to_o speak_v or_o impossibility_n of_o fact_n cum_fw-la res_fw-la est_fw-la in_o potentia_fw-la as_o they_o speak_v remota_fw-la ad_fw-la fieri_fw-la that_o be_v when_o there_o be_v no_o such_o repugnance_n in_o the_o nature_n oâ—_n the_o thing_n itself_o but_o it_o may_v be_v do_v yet_o through_o defect_n in_o some_o circumstance_n for_o example_n too_o great_a distance_n of_o place_n straightness_n of_o time_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n that_o potentia_fw-la be_v so_o hinder_v that_o it_o can_v proceed_v unto_o act_n as_o if_o caius_n be_v this_o day_n present_a at_o oxford_n shall_v promise_v to_o sup_v with_o titius_n to_o morrow_n at_o paris_n or_o last_o impossibility_n of_o law_n when_o a_o man_n undertake_v to_o do_v any_o thing_n which_o be_v forbid_v he_o by_o the_o law_n and_o whereunto_o he_o have_v no_o legitimate_a power_n as_o if_o caius_n not_o be_v heir_n shall_v promise_v to_o give_v unto_o julius_n some_o proportion_n of_o the_o good_n of_o titius_n decease_v in_o answer_n to_o the_o doubt_n in_o this_o first_o case_n i_o say_v brief_o a_o oath_n of_o a_o thing_n simple_o impossible_a be_v neither_o lawful_a nor_o obligatory_a it_o be_v not_o lawful_a because_o it_o be_v void_a both_o of_o judgement_n and_o truth_n for_o what_o man_n of_o sound_a judgement_n or_o of_o good_a credit_n can_v intend_v to_o do_v that_o which_o he_o know_v impossible_a to_o be_v do_v neither_o do_v it_o oblige_v no_o not_o so_o far_o as_o to_o endeavour_v much_o less_o to_o perform_v for_o it_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o a_o impossible_a thing_n quatenus_fw-la impossibilis_fw-la oblige_v not_o and_o it_o be_v foolish_a to_o endeavour_v that_o which_o thou_o can_v not_o effect_v sect_n iv._o the_o second_o case_n be_v when_o a_o thing_n in_o itself_o not_o impossible_a yet_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o oath_n give_v seem_v so_o impossible_a that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o likely_a not_o to_o be_v then_o to_o be_v possible_a afterward_o to_o be_v perform_v become_v at_o length_n by_o some_o interpose_a obstacle_n impossible_a for_o where_o the_o concourse_n of_o many_o thing_n be_v so_o necessary_o require_v to_o the_o perfect_a of_o any_o design_n that_o one_o of_o many_o be_v want_v the_o rest_n must_v necessary_o be_v frustrate_v as_o if_o a_o wheel_n or_o pin_n though_o a_o small_a one_o shall_v be_v take_v out_o of_o a_o watch_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o fabric_n will_v be_v useless_a it_o can_v hardly_o happen_v but_o the_o pain_n take_v in_o such_o a_o business_n must_v needs_o be_v fruitless_a for_o example_n if_o caius_n shall_v undertake_v by_o his_o industry_n to_o procure_v unto_o titius_n a_o new_a and_o obscure_a man_n the_o consulship_n at_o the_o next_o commitia_n and_o to_o carry_v it_o against_o competitor_n for_o birth_n glory_n virtue_n authority_n the_o most_o renown_a of_o all_o the_o city_n i_o answer_v that_o such_o a_o oath_n be_v not_o lawful_a without_o the_o express_a addition_n of_o some_o clause_n as_o if_o i_o can_v as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o my_o power_n etc._n etc._n if_o you_o shall_v say_v it_o be_v needless_a to_o add_v a_o clause_n which_o the_o league_n communi_fw-la ought_v to_o be_v presuppose_v i_o answer_v by_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n such_o clause_n be_v presuppose_v where_o it_o may_v be_v presume_v the_o party_n swear_v can_v not_o foresee_v any_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v a_o impediment_n unto_o the_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n but_o where_o that_o can_v but_o rather_o the_o contrary_n may_v be_v presume_v to_o wit_n that_o he_o can_v not_o but_o foresee_v many_o impediment_n there_o so_o mild_a a_o interpretation_n be_v not_o grant_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la communi_fw-la nevertheless_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n oblige_v not_o to_o performance_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v impossible_a but_o to_o endeavour_v so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v hope_n though_o small_a that_o it_o may_v be_v possible_a yea_o and_o the_o more_o the_o difficulty_n be_v and_o the_o great_a their_o resistance_n the_o more_o industrious_o to_o persist_v and_o persevere_v with_o the_o more_o undaunted_a courage_n but_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v over_o apparent_o desperate_a and_o manifest_o impossible_a the_o obligation_n cease_v from_o the_o ground_n express_v that_o no_o man_n be_v oblige_v unto_o a_o impâ—ssibility_n sect_n v._o the_o three_o case_n be_v when_o the_o party_n swear_v very_o believe_v the_o thing_n probable_a and_o faithful_o intend_v to_o do_v it_o doubt_v not_o by_o god_n help_n but_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v good_a his_o word_n nevertheless_o afterward_o by_o some_o emergent_a and_o unexpected_a accident_n which_o can_v not_o by_o any_o humane_a reason_n be_v foresee_v or_o prevent_v find_v the_o matter_n at_o the_o length_n become_v impossible_a as_o if_o callias_n dwell_v at_o thebes_n have_v swear_v to_o pay_v unto_o socrates_n at_o athens_n five_o talent_n at_o a_o day_n appoint_v shall_v lose_v the_o money_n which_o he_o have_v careful_o provide_v by_o theft_n rapine_n or_o cozenage_n or_o shall_v be_v take_v prisoner_n upon_o the_o way_n so_o that_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v payment_n of_o the_o debt_n in_o due_a time_n such_o a_o oath_n be_v lawful_a though_o the_o clause_n if_o i_o can_v be_v not_o add_v the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o course_n and_o by_o the_o common_a interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n in_o which_o regard_n this_o seem_v unto_o i_o good_a reason_n of_o difference_n between_o this_o case_n and_o that_o which_o precede_v see_v that_o the_o faith_n of_o promise_n be_v give_v unto_o the_o party_n unto_o who_o we_o swear_v be_v the_o end_n of_o a_o oath_n it_o be_v expedient_a that_o so_o much_o as_o seem_v sufficient_o conduce_v thereunto_o be_v full_o express_v during_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v that_o so_o our_o credit_n may_v be_v the_o more_o ratify_v unto_o the_o party_n but_o that_o so_o much_o on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v conceal_v as_o may_v render_v our_o credit_n the_o more_o suspect_v for_o as_o in_o a_o improbable_a matter_n the_o party_n swear_v will_v not_o easy_o be_v credit_v but_o think_v a_o forward_a rash_a and_o too_o confident_a man_n if_o without_o exception_n or_o expression_n of_o difficulty_n he_o shall_v bare_o promise_v performance_n of_o a_o thing_n full_a of_o uncertainty_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o exception_n add_v where_o there_o be_v no_o appearance_n of_o danger_n may_v render_v the_o party_n swear_v suspect_v and_o show_v as_o if_o he_o seek_v nothing_o else_o by_o so_o impertinent_a diligence_n but_o a_o shift_n or_o subterfuge_n
as_o execute_v any_o office_n function_n or_o particular_a call_v as_o we_o usual_o term_v it_o though_o perhaps_o improper_o that_o state_n or_o condition_n of_o life_n wherein_o a_o man_n be_v place_v to_o do_v any_o thing_n incongruous_a with_o the_o nature_n or_o rule_n of_o that_o function_n or_o call_n for_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v lawful_a to_o a_o civil_a magistrate_n which_o be_v not_o to_o a_o minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o may_v be_v lawful_a to_o the_o merchant_n which_o be_v not_o to_o the_o husbandman_n that_o to_o the_o master_n which_o be_v not_o to_o the_o servant_n that_o to_o the_o marry_a man_n which_o be_v not_o to_o the_o bachelor_n and_o the_o like_a god_n have_v general_o give_v they_o this_o law_n that_o every_o of_o they_o faithful_o perform_v the_o duty_n of_o his_o call_n and_o modest_o contain_v himself_o within_o the_o bound_n thereof_o if_o therefore_o a_o english_a merchant_n shall_v swear_v to_o send_v wool_n to_o hamburgh_n or_o any_o other_o merchandise_n prohibit_v by_o law_n to_o be_v transport_v out_o of_o this_o realm_n or_o if_o any_o magistrate_n shall_v swear_v that_o he_o will_v not_o punish_v theft_n or_o adultery_n or_o a_o bishop_n or_o presbyter_n nâ—ver_o to_o preach_v nor_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n or_o a_o hiâ—de_v not_o to_o obey_v his_o master_n command_v he_o to_o yoke_v his_o ox_n or_o reap_v his_o corn_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v repugnant_a unto_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o râ—st_n unto_o the_o condition_n of_o prope_a vocation_n all_o these_o oath_n will_v be_v of_o a_o thing_n in_o that_o degree_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v unlawful_a and_o the_o oath_n themselves_o for_o that_o reason_n unlawful_a and_o will_v not_o ordinary_o oblige_v i_o say_v not_o ordinary_o because_o there_o may_v perhaps_o be_v case_n in_o which_o a_o oath_n that_o seem_v repugnant_a unto_o some_o law_n of_o community_n or_o vocation_n though_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v may_v nevertheless_o be_v once_o take_v become_v obligatory_a for_o example_n in_o the_o penal_a law_n disjunctive_a suppose_v this_o to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o city_n no_o citizen_n thereunto_o elect_v shall_v refuse_v the_o office_n of_o praetor_n if_o he_o do_v he_o shall_v be_v fine_v a_o huâ—dred_o crown_n caius_z a_o citizen_n think_v himself_o unfit_a to_o bear_v office_n or_o to_o avoid_v some_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v happen_v unto_o he_o from_o thence_o swear_v that_o he_o will_v never_o be_v praetor_n of_o the_o city_n he_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o citizen_n he_o excuse_v himself_o by_o his_o oath_n they_o regard_v not_o his_o oath_n but_o urge_v he_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o magistracy_n what_o be_v the_o law_n in_o this_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n of_o conscience_n i_o answer_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v swear_v especial_o not_o compel_v thereunto_o by_o any_o necessity_n for_o he_o may_v have_v refuse_v though_o he_o have_v not_o swear_v nevertheless_o have_v swear_v he_o seem_v to_o be_v oblige_v and_o not_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n without_o perjury_n to_o comply_v with_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o citizen_n he_o be_v bind_v therefore_o to_o pay_v the_o fine_a and_o to_o refuse_v the_o praetorship_n i_o will_v be_v understand_v precise_o in_o respect_n unto_o the_o point_n to_o which_o i_o now_o speak_v viz._n the_o matter_n of_o the_o oath_n and_o also_o precise_o in_o respect_n to_o the_o repugnant_n thereof_o unto_o the_o law_n of_o the_o city_n for_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o end_n or_o cause_n nay_o even_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o matter_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v a_o hindrance_n of_o a_o great_a public_a good_n or_o for_o some_o other_o consideration_n there_o may_v be_v just_a reason_n in_o it_o to_o make_v the_o obligation_n void_a nevertheless_o ordinary_o as_o i_o have_v say_v a_o oath_n make_v against_o the_o law_n of_o a_o whole_a community_n or_o of_o a_o particular_a vocation_n oblige_v not_o and_o thus_o much_o be_v say_v of_o the_o thing_n in_o themselves_o unlawful_a sect_n x._o the_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o unlawful_a ex_fw-la se_fw-la yet_o be_v unlawful_a ex_fw-la accident_n follow_v now_o a_o lawful_a thing_n happen_v to_o become_v unlawful_a either_o by_o the_o error_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v or_o by_o some_o ill_a effect_n of_o the_o thing_n swear_v wherefore_o the_o three_o case_n be_v where_o a_o man_n promise_v by_o oath_n performance_n of_o a_o thing_n perhaps_o lawful_a in_o itself_o which_o nevertheless_o he_o believe_v to_o be_v unlawful_a or_o fear_v not_o to_o be_v lawful_a as_o if_o a_o man_n before_o these_o time_n upon_o his_o admission_n to_o a_o benefice_n as_o they_o call_v it_o ecclesiastical_a shall_v have_v promise_v to_o observe_v all_o the_o rite_n command_v by_o ecclesiastical_a law_n in_o public_a service_n as_o the_o surplice_n sign_n of_o the_o cross_n at_o the_o font_n kneel_v at_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n and_o the_o like_a which_o he_o nevertheless_o through_o some_o light_a prejudice_n think_v to_o be_v superstitious_a and_o papistical_a what_o be_v the_o obligation_n in_o this_o case_n i_o give_v you_o three_o thing_n by_o way_n of_o answer_n first_o i_o say_v that_o such_o a_o oath_n during_o such_o a_o error_n can_v be_v take_v without_o great_a sin_n for_o he_o sin_v grievous_o who_o sin_v against_o his_o conscience_n though_o erroneous_a the_o judgement_n of_o the_o understanding_n be_v unto_o every_o man_n the_o first_o rule_n of_o work_v if_o the_o will_v follow_v not_o that_o judgement_n swerve_v from_o the_o rule_n it_o must_v necessary_o be_v carry_v into_o obliquity_n it_o be_v a_o old_a say_n he_o who_o go_v against_o his_o own_o conscience_n be_v on_o his_o way_n to_o hell_n certain_o he_o who_o swear_v unto_o that_o which_o he_o think_v to_o be_v unlawful_a have_v swear_v unto_o it_o though_o it_o have_v be_v real_o unlawful_a and_o so_o the_o thing_n though_o lawful_a to_o another_o be_v as_o to_o he_o unlawful_a it_o be_v the_o apostle_n sentence_n rom._n 14._o 14._o where_o he_o distinguish_v between_o that_o which_o be_v unclean_a of_o itself_o and_o that_o which_o be_v unclean_a to_o another_o plain_o teach_v that_o that_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o unclean_a nor_o unlawful_a of_o itself_o may_v nevertheless_o be_v unclean_a and_o unlawful_a unto_o he_o who_o esteem_v it_o to_o be_v unclean_a or_o unlawful_a second_o i_o say_v that_o such_o a_o oath_n oblige_v not_o the_o reason_n be_v manifest_a by_o the_o three_o hypothesis_n for_o a_o oath_n can_v take_v away_o a_o former_a obligation_n nor_o introduce_v a_o obligation_n contrary_a unto_o it_o but_o the_o oath_n which_o be_v take_v against_o the_o dictate_v of_o conscience_n be_v precede_v by_o another_o former_a obligation_n arise_v from_o that_o dictate_v for_o the_o dictate_v of_o conscience_n whether_o right_a or_o erroneous_a ever_o bind_v at_o the_o least_o not_o to_o act_v against_o it_o now_o a_o subsequent_a oath_n can_v remove_v this_o obligation_n but_o become_v rather_o invalid_a itself_o and_o lose_v all_o strength_n and_o vigour_n three_o i_o say_v if_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v afterward_o better_o inform_v acknowledge_v and_o correct_v his_o error_n the_o oath_n which_o at_o first_o oblige_v not_o begin_v from_o thence_o forth_o to_o oblige_v for_o the_o power_n of_o obligation_n be_v as_o it_o be_v natural_o and_o inseparable_o in_o a_o oath_n as_o the_o power_n of_o move_v downward_o be_v natural_o and_o inseparable_o in_o a_o stone_n which_o power_n be_v always_o ready_a to_o put_v forth_o itself_o and_o to_o proceed_v unto_o act_n except_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o impediment_n wherefore_o as_o a_o stone_n that_o it_o may_v move_v again_o after_o it_o have_v rest_v a_o while_n need_v not_o any_o other_o new_a power_n to_o be_v derive_v unto_o it_o from_o without_o but_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n the_o obstacle_n be_v remove_v present_o descend_v so_o a_o oath_n that_o obligation_n of_o erroneous_a conscience_n which_o at_o first_o withstand_v its_o operation_n be_v remove_v without_o any_o delay_n or_o need_v of_o other_o help_n be_v of_o its_o own_o force_n obligatory_a sect_n xi_o there_o be_v other_o case_n concern_v thing_n unlawful_a by_o accident_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o evil_a effect_n of_o the_o same_o to_o wit_n as_o they_o may_v be_v impeditive_a of_o good_a or_o causative_a or_o at_o the_o least_o for_o we_o must_v use_v such_o word_n occasionative_n of_o evil_a a_o good_a thing_n impede_v may_v be_v antecedent_n or_o future_a the_o four_o case_n therefore_o be_v where_o the_o thing_n swear_v seem_v to_o be_v unlawful_a in_o that_o it_o hinder_v the_o performance_n of_o some_o antecedent_n good_a of_o a_o vow_n imagine_v or_o of_o a_o promise_n first_o make_v as_o iâ—_n he_o who_o have_v first_o
among_o we_o the_o oath_n of_o homage_n of_o royal_a supremacy_n and_o the_o like_a no_o man_n deny_v these_o oath_n either_o to_o be_v lawful_a or_o obligatory_a but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o frequent_a incertainty_n of_o the_o law_n whereunto_o they_o relate_v it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v doubt_v how_o far_o they_o oblige_v doubtless_o the_o subject_a to_o his_o power_n be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v all_o right_n which_o appear_v either_o by_o law_n or_o custom_n legitimate_a whether_o define_v by_o the_o write_a law_n or_o in_o force_n through_o long_a use_n of_o time_n or_o prescription_n â—â—at_o be_v so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v know_v or_o may_v moral_o be_v know_v but_o he_o be_v not_o equal_o oblige_v unto_o the_o observation_n of_o all_o those_o which_o be_v controvert_v or_o doubtful_a especial_o since_o powerful_a man_n be_v accustom_v to_o stretch_v their_o teather_n and_o leap_v over_o the_o landmark_n of_o their_o neighbour_n not_o content_v themselves_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o own_o right_n nevertheless_o a_o subject_n ought_v to_o be_v always_o prepare_v in_o mind_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o justness_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v doubtful_a shall_v appear_v to_o acknowledge_v and_o defend_v they_o sect_n xviii_o the_o last_o case_n be_v where_o a_o oath_n be_v require_v of_o member_n of_o any_o community_n as_o of_o a_o city_n university_n or_o college_n society_n of_o merchant_n or_o handicraft_n man_n to_o observe_v the_o statute_n custom_n and_o liberty_n of_o that_o corporation_n if_o you_o ask_v what_o the_o obligation_n be_v i_o answer_v first_o that_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v oblige_v simple_o unto_o the_o observation_n as_o far_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v of_o all_o fundamental_a statute_n by_o fundamental_a i_o understand_v such_o as_o most_o necessary_o and_o near_o concern_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o public_a estate_n order_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n or_o community_n but_o second_o not_o that_o always_o and_o necessary_o to_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o lettâ—r_n but_o as_o they_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n and_o receive_v by_o custom_n and_o as_o they_o be_v with_o approbation_n observe_v by_o other_o three_o concern_v the_o lesser_a statute_n appeartain_v only_o unto_o external_a form_n and_o decency_n which_o by_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o matter_n or_o form_n of_o the_o sanction_n or_o any_o other_o probable_a conjecture_n a_o discreet_a man_n may_v judge_v not_o to_o have_v be_v frame_v with_o intention_n of_o rigid_a obligation_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v thâ—m_o ordinary_o yet_o so_o as_o without_o scruple_n of_o conscience_n he_o may_v sometime_o have_v just_a cause_n for_o it_o pretermit_v that_o which_o be_v prescribe_v to_o be_v do_v by_o some_o statute_n provide_v it_o be_v without_o scandal_n or_o contempt_n four_o the_o obligation_n be_v extend_v unto_o statute_n to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o future_a provide_v they_o be_v possible_a just_a and_o honest_a five_o if_o any_o statute_n after_o the_o oath_n takâ—n_v be_v abrogated_a or_o grow_v out_o of_o use_n the_o obligation_n of_o the_o oath_n as_o to_o the_o statute_n cease_v and_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v any_o long_a to_o observe_v it_o unless_o he_o have_v swear_v in_o express_a word_n unto_o the_o matter_n itself_o decree_v by_o that_o statute_n for_o in_o that_o case_n though_o the_o statute_n be_v take_v away_o the_o obligation_n remain_v six_o see_v statute_n of_o corporation_n be_v very_o many_o and_o many_o of_o they_o unknown_a to_o many_o and_o that_o it_o be_v most_o difficult_a nay_o scarce_o possible_a to_o observe_v they_o all_o exact_o and_o to_o a_o hair_n he_o who_o shall_v behave_v himself_o so_o honest_o that_o willing_o he_o omit_v nothing_o appertain_v to_o his_o duty_n and_o be_v moral_o diligent_a to_o attain_v the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o those_o statute_n which_o tend_v thereunto_o and_o resolve_v faithful_o and_o without_o scandal_n to_o be_v serviceable_a unto_o the_o estate_n honour_n and_o peace_n of_o his_o community_n as_o far_o as_o humane_a frailty_n will_v permit_v perform_v doubtless_o with_o a_o very_a good_a conscience_n his_o faith_n give_v for_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o just_a and_o honest_a discharge_v the_o duty_n whereunto_o he_o oblige_v himself_o and_o the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o public_a law_n of_o a_o kingdom_n sect_n xix_o and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o first_o classis_fw-la of_o case_n but_o leave_v it_o be_v think_v my_o intention_n to_o permit_v too_o great_a a_o licence_n of_o oath_n because_o i_o have_v so_o often_o say_v that_o this_o or_o that_o kind_n of_o oath_n be_v not_o unlawful_a i_o think_v fit_a mature_o to_o advertise_v you_o that_o i_o have_v say_v nothing_o this_o day_n nor_o shall_v hereafter_o that_o may_v give_v any_o man_n reason_n to_o believe_v it_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o swear_v at_o his_o pleasure_n it_o be_v well_o know_v unto_o i_o that_o a_o oath_n be_v a_o sacred_a thing_n not_o without_o great_a necessity_n and_o then_o seldom_o and_o with_o much_o reverence_n to_o be_v use_v but_o my_o meaning_n throughout_o be_v that_o a_o oath_n upon_o this_o or_o that_o occasion_n be_v not_o simple_o and_o general_o unlawful_a for_o example_n when_o i_o say_v on_o oath_n impeditive_a of_o a_o great_a good_a be_v not_o unlawful_a or_o a_o oath_n of_o a_o indifferent_a thing_n be_v not_o unlawful_a my_o sense_n be_v that_o a_o oath_n ought_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v conclude_v simple_o and_o general_o unlawful_a so_o it_o have_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o due_a condition_n only_a because_o it_o be_v impeditive_a of_o a_o great_a good_a or_o only_o because_o it_o be_v of_o a_o indifferent_a thing_n or_o which_o come_v all_o to_o one_o that_o there_o be_v not_o in_o those_o consideration_n any_o such_o impediment_n but_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o necessary_a and_o in_o all_o other_o respect_v due_o qualify_v the_o four_o lecture_n contain_v seventeen_o case_n summary_n 1._o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o a_o oath_n and_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v handle_v propose_v 2._o oath_n of_o child_n 3._o oath_n of_o mad_a man_n and_o fool_n 4._o oath_n of_o man_n drink_v and_o enrage_v 5_o 6._o oath_n of_o one_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o another_o 7._o the_o authority_n of_o he_o who_o give_v a_o oath_n 8._o faith_n to_o be_v keep_v with_o enemy_n heretic_n perjure_a person_n 9_o whether_o a_o oath_n oblige_v the_o heir_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v and_o how_o far_o 10._o oath_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o heir_n or_o successor_n 11._o voluntary_a oath_n 12._o oath_n obtain_v by_o fraud_n 13._o oath_n take_v through_o some_o light_a fear_n 14._o oath_n extort_a by_o force_n or_o fear_n 15._o money_o promise_v unto_o a_o thief_n ought_v to_o be_v pay_v 16._o solution_n of_o objection_n 17._o whether_o silence_n promise_v unto_o a_o thief_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v sect_n i._o the_o principal_a difficulty_n appertain_v proper_o unto_o the_o matter_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v finish_v in_o the_o forego_n lecture_n we_o proceed_v unto_o the_o solution_n of_o those_o doubt_n which_o may_v be_v reduce_v unto_o the_o efficient_a cause_n the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v as_o to_o our_o purpose_n twofold_a the_o agent_n to_o which_o effect_n proper_o belong_v and_o the_o impulsive_a cause_n again_o the_o agent_n be_v either_o principal_a or_o more_o remote_a from_o the_o effect_n for_o as_o two_o person_n at_o the_o least_o to_o wit_n the_o person_n swear_v who_o engage_v his_o faith_n and_o the_o deferent_a as_o they_o speak_v who_o follow_v cicero_n or_o person_n to_o who_o the_o engagement_n be_v make_v must_v as_o term_n of_o this_o relation_n concur_v in_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n so_o each_o have_v his_o part_n in_o the_o work_n the_o first_o and_o especial_a belong_v to_o the_o person_n swear_v the_o second_o to_o the_o deferent_a or_o person_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v in_o both_o agent_n the_o condition_n or_o aptitude_n of_o the_o person_n be_v first_o to_o be_v consider_v next_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o obligation_n wherefore_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o efficient_a cause_n such_o doubt_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v consider_v as_o arise_v from_o the_o defect_n of_o some_o condition_n requisite_a on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o principal_a agent_n to_o qualify_v he_o for_o a_o oath_n and_o two_o thing_n especial_o be_v requisite_a unto_o such_o a_o qualification_n rational_a judgement_n and_o lawful_a power_n for_o a_o oath_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v with_o a_o mind_n both_o deliberate_a and_o resolve_v to_o perform_v the_o promise_n but_o he_o who_o be_v not_o endue_v with_o rational_a judgement_n can_v neither_o be_v
support_v but_o he_o who_o contract_v for_o his_o ransom_n with_o a_o thief_n do_v it_o to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v redeem_v his_o life_n therefore_o have_v redeem_v his_o life_n and_o enjoy_v the_o end_n at_o which_o he_o aim_v he_o ought_v to_o perform_v that_o which_o he_o promise_v four_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o flesh_n ought_v ever_o to_o be_v suspect_v as_o a_o enemy_n unto_o the_o purity_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o a_o trap_n unto_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o conscience_n and_o what_o be_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o flesh_n if_o this_o be_v not_o where_o profit_n seem_v to_o strive_v with_o honesty_n nay_o honesty_n be_v reject_v profit_v to_o be_v embrace_v that_o man_n will_v not_o much_o trouble_v his_o mind_n whether_o money_n promise_v be_v to_o be_v pay_v who_o esteem_v faith_n and_o religion_n beyond_o riches_n and_o quietness_n of_o mind_n beyond_o all_o worldly_a gain_n five_o regulus_n and_o other_o as_o have_v be_v say_v who_o keep_v their_o faith_n with_o enemy_n though_o upon_o the_o hard_a condition_n be_v celebrate_v by_o heathen_a writer_n and_o cicero_n himself_o commend_v pomponius_n the_o tribune_n who_o perform_v that_o whereunto_o he_o swear_v compel_v through_o fear_n add_v this_o applause_n so_o much_o in_o those_o time_n be_v a_o oath_n esteem_v sect_n xvi_o but_o they_o who_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n object_n first_o that_o enemy_n be_v of_o a_o different_a nature_n from_o thief_n and_o pirate_n for_o say_v they_o we_o may_v deal_v with_o enemy_n as_o we_o do_v with_o adversary_n with_o these_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n with_o those_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o therefore_o faith_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o they_o but_o with_o thief_n enemy_n of_o mankind_n there_o be_v no_o society_n of_o law_n and_o therefore_o none_o of_o faith_n i_o answer_v first_o skilful_a lawyer_n affirm_v some_o legal_a rite_n of_o society_n to_o appertain_v even_o unto_o thief_n of_o who_o if_o we_o shall_v borrow_v money_n it_o ought_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n to_o be_v restore_v wherefore_o â—_o pari_fw-la promise_v make_v unto_o thâ—m_n ought_v to_o be_v perform_v second_o though_o no_o performance_n be_v due_a unto_o the_o theeâ—_n as_o a_o person_n unworthy_a thereof_o for_o which_o reason_n breach_n of_o bare_a promise_n may_v perhaps_o be_v more_o excusable_a yet_o ought_v we_o at_o least_o to_o perform_v our_o faith_n unto_o god_n second_o they_o object_n that_o through_o such_o contract_v honest_a man_n may_v be_v undo_v by_o rogue_n which_o will_v be_v a_o public_a mischief_n i_o answer_v nay_o rather_o the_o life_n of_o honest_a man_n save_v from_o rogue_n which_o will_v be_v a_o public_a good_a but_o three_o say_v they_o by_o this_o mean_v robbery_n and_o rapine_n will_v be_v establish_v while_o thief_n pass_v not_o only_o unpunished_a but_o reward_v i_o answer_v if_o it_o be_v so_o it_o be_v so_o only_o by_o accident_n through_o their_o vice_n not_o his_o who_o do_v not_o any_o way_n help_v the_o thief_n nor_o approve_v of_o their_o fact_n by_o promise_v nor_o approve_v of_o it_o by_o perform_v his_o promise_n but_o rather_o in_o provide_v for_o his_o own_o safety_n prevent_v so_o much_o of_o their_o wickedness_n that_o they_o remain_v thief_n only_o and_o not_o murderer_n four_o they_o object_n that_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n arise_v from_o a_o deliberate_a act_n of_o the_o judgement_n and_o will_n where_o the_o will_v therefore_o be_v so_o far_o from_o freedom_n that_o its_o action_n may_v rather_o be_v call_v coaction_n there_o follow_v no_o obligation_n i_o answer_v and_o it_o be_v confess_v by_o all_o that_o the_o will_n can_v be_v force_v there_o may_v indeed_o be_v coaction_n in_o respect_n of_o a_o external_a and_o remote_a principle_n of_o action_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o near_a principle_n which_o in_o all_o humane_a action_n be_v the_o will_n there_o can_v be_v coaction_n he_o therefore_o who_o make_v a_o oath_n unto_o a_o thief_n that_o he_o may_v save_v his_o life_n do_v it_o willing_o with_o a_o unwilling_a mind_n wherefore_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n be_v not_o simple_o but_o mix_o involuntary_a that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o action_n partly_o unwilling_a because_o it_o be_v not_o do_v willing_o partly_o voluntary_a because_o it_o be_v do_v with_o election_n though_o not_o the_o free_a yet_o free_a enough_o to_o deserve_v the_o name_n rather_o of_o voluntary_a then_o involuntary_a because_o choice_n of_o two_o thing_n be_v grant_v unto_o the_o agent_n it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o take_v which_o he_o have_v rather_o and_o he_o will_v who_o have_v rather_o he_o therefore_o be_v not_o true_o say_v to_o have_v swear_v unwilling_o who_o when_o he_o may_v have_v let_v it_o alone_o choose_v rather_o to_o swear_v for_o death_n be_v threaten_v except_o he_o will_v swear_v it_o be_v leave_v to_o his_o choice_n whether_o he_o will_v rather_o suffer_v the_o mischief_n threaten_v or_o be_v redeem_v from_o that_o mischief_n by_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n he_o consider_v he_o choose_v to_o be_v oblige_v therefore_o he_o will_v be_v oblige_v and_o he_o who_o confess_v that_o he_o will_v be_v oblige_v argue_v absurd_o that_o he_o be_v constrain_v and_o therefore_o be_v not_o oblige_v five_o they_o object_n that_o the_o traveller_n owe_v the_o thief_n nothing_o and_o therefore_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o pay_v he_o any_o thing_n see_v as_o have_v be_v say_v all_o obligation_n relate_v unto_o some_o debt_n now_o that_o nothing_o be_v owe_v unto_o the_o thief_n be_v prove_v because_o no_o right_a can_v be_v found_v upon_o injury_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v most_o unjust_a that_o a_o man_n shall_v by_o his_o injurious_a fact_n acquire_v any_o right_n unto_o himself_o therefore_o unto_o the_o thief_n who_o terrify_v the_o traveller_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o honest_a man_n extort_a from_o he_o a_o unjust_a oath_n no_o right_n accrue_v and_o so_o neither_o be_v the_o party_n swear_v oblige_v i_o answer_v a_o twofold_a obligation_n may_v arise_v from_o a_o oath_n one_o unto_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v as_o a_o party_n the_o other_o to_o god_n by_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v as_o witness_v and_o revenger_n many_o thing_n may_v hinder_v the_o former_a obligation_n so_o that_o he_o to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v may_v acquire_v no_o right_a nor_o any_o thing_n in_o conscience_n be_v due_a unto_o he_o from_o the_o party_n swear_v and_o from_o this_o kind_n of_o obligation_n and_o debt_n proceed_v the_o objection_n but_o the_o obligation_n cease_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o man_n who_o offer_v injury_n and_o violence_n yet_o the_o obligation_n make_v unto_o god_n remain_v to_o who_o irreverence_n be_v offer_v when_o a_o man_n admit_v of_o a_o oath_n which_o he_o intend_v not_o to_o fulfil_v and_o injury_n when_o have_v admit_v of_o it_o he_o regard_v it_o not_o sect_n xvii_o one_o case_n yet_o remain_v peculiar_a unto_o this_o place_n and_o that_o be_v where_o a_o man_n fall_v among_o thief_n to_o save_v his_o life_n be_v constrain_v to_o promise_v they_o silence_n by_o a_o oath_n that_o be_v never_o to_o reveal_v their_o theft_n unto_o any_o man_n or_o to_o discover_v their_o name_n unto_o the_o magistrate_n it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o determine_v any_o thing_n in_o this_o kind_n say_v frederick_n baldwine_n late_a professor_n at_o wittenberg_n yet_o add_v that_o he_o think_v it_o safe_o that_o the_o person_n keep_v not_o the_o silence_n promise_v but_o discover_v the_o matter_n unto_o the_o magistrate_n albeit_o he_o have_v swear_v to_o the_o contrary_n it_o seem_v he_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o oath_n be_v not_o obligatory_a but_o the_o three_o reason_n he_o give_v as_o he_o propose_v they_o bare_o and_o brief_o without_o further_a confirmation_n give_v i_o no_o satisfaction_n first_o he_o say_v that_o this_o oath_n be_v of_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n if_o so_o there_o be_v a_o end_n other_o argument_n be_v needless_a but_o this_o he_o take_v without_o proof_n for_o grant_v if_o it_o be_v think_v unlawful_a because_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o good_a commonwealth_n man_n to_o give_v notice_n of_o lewd_a person_n unto_o the_o magistrate_n that_o so_o they_o may_v receive_v condign_a punishment_n it_o be_v grant_v but_o it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v always_o sin_n not_o to_o give_v notice_n see_v the_o affirmative_a precept_n of_o duty_n oblige_v not_o simple_o unto_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o same_o but_o when_o we_o be_v able_a and_o it_o be_v require_v by_o the_o exigence_n of_o circumstance_n second_o he_o say_v that_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o oath_n seem_v to_o have_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o collusion_n with_o the_o thief_n which_o be_v pronounce_v so_o
timerous_o as_o show_v he_o have_v not_o much_o faith_n in_o this_o argument_n kind_a of_o collusion_n a_o certain_a kind_n and_o seem_v to_o have_v which_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o not_o who_o will_v undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o a_o traveller_n if_o to_o the_o apparent_a hazard_n of_o his_o life_n he_o fall_v among_o thief_n to_o do_v something_o which_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o collusion_n with_o they_o that_o which_o he_o bring_v in_o the_o three_o place_n the_o impediment_n of_o justice_n encouragement_n of_o wicked_a person_n in_o their_o impiety_n occasion_n of_o lead_v other_o into_o the_o like_a hazard_n of_o their_o life_n through_o such_o silence_n will_v be_v prevalent_a indeed_o if_o the_o traveller_n be_v get_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n safe_a and_o unsworn_a but_o we_o suppose_v except_o he_o have_v swear_v he_o have_v be_v slay_v i_o ask_v therefore_o whether_o in_o such_o certain_a danger_n of_o â—â—e_z be_v it_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o swear_v or_o not_o lawful_a if_o not_o lawful_a and_o certain_o the_o two_o first_o argument_n either_o prove_v that_o or_o nothing_o he_o have_v perish_v and_o who_o then_o shall_v have_v give_v the_o magistrate_n information_n of_o the_o thief_n the_o inconvenience_n which_o be_v object_v from_o this_o silence_n may_v they_o not_o see_v dead_a man_n be_v enjoin_v perpetual_a silence_n be_v object_v from_o his_o death_n but_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o swear_v than_o it_o be_v also_o lawful_a to_o keep_v the_o oath_n except_o some_o emergent_a accident_n as_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o unexpected_o do_v render_v the_o thing_n lawful_a when_o it_o be_v swear_v afterward_o unlawful_a let_v this_o therefore_o till_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v by_o strong_a argument_n remain_v both_o in_o this_o case_n &_o the_o rest_n where_o deceit_n fear_n tyranny_n and_o the_o like_a be_v exercise_v that_o a_o honest_a man_n either_o ought_v not_o to_o swear_v at_o all_o which_o if_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v not_o unlawful_a seem_v hard_a in_o imminent_a and_o apparent_a danger_n or_o ought_v religious_o to_o observe_v his_o oath_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o oath_n in_o which_o i_o be_v desirous_a to_o have_v be_v brief_a if_o the_o matter_n will_v have_v bear_v it_o my_o discourse_n have_v increase_v upon_o my_o meditation_n beyond_o what_o i_o expect_v and_o yet_o while_o i_o study_v brevity_n i_o have_v willing_o omit_v many_o thing_n whereof_o i_o may_v profitable_o have_v speak_v the_o five_o lecture_n of_o the_o external_a form_n of_o a_o oath_n contain_v ten_o case_n summary_n 1_o oath_n by_o sign_n only_o without_o word_n 2_o oath_n by_o the_o creature_n 3_o oath_n by_o idol_n 4_o how_o to_o know_v whether_o a_o man_n have_v swear_v or_o no._n 5_o the_o first_o trial_n the_o form_n of_o the_o word_n 6_o the_o second_o the_o force_n of_o the_o word_n 7_o of_o joseph_n form_n by_o the_o life_n of_o pharaoh_n 8_o third_z trial_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n 9_o four_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v 10_o the_o use_n of_o the_o say_a trial_n 11_o the_o solemn_a rite_n of_o a_o oath_n 12_o whether_o solemnity_n increase_v obligation_n 13_o solemnity_n of_o oath_n omit_v sect_n i._o the_o material_a and_o efficient_a cause_n of_o oath_n have_v be_v handle_v in_o the_o forego_n lecture_n we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o formal_a cause_n now_o the_o form_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v either_o external_a or_o internal_a the_o case_n of_o this_o classis_fw-la be_v so_o under_o two_o head_n to_o be_v divide_v as_o may_v bring_v those_o thing_n which_o appertain_v unto_o the_o word_n or_o sign_n of_o a_o oath_n because_o they_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o interior_a sense_n under_o the_o name_n of_o external_a form_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o appertain_v unto_o the_o sense_n and_o interpretation_n of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o mind_n under_o that_o of_o internal_a form_n a_o oath_n in_o respect_n of_o external_a form_n consist_v of_o sign_n only_o or_o of_o word_n only_o or_o of_o both_o wherefore_o the_o first_o doubt_n be_v of_o the_o oath_n which_o be_v make_v by_o sign_n only_o without_o word_n there_o have_v be_v who_o have_v think_v except_o the_o word_n i_o swear_v or_o the_o name_n of_o god_n be_v express_o use_v as_o i_o swear_v i_o will_v perform_v it_o by_o god_n i_o will_v do_v it_o i_o call_v god_n to_o witness_v so_o god_n help_v i_o or_o the_o like_a that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o bare_a promise_n and_o no_o oath_n and_o therefore_o obligatory_a under_o peril_n of_o falsehood_n only_o not_o of_o perjury_n so_o that_o he_o who_o fulfil_v not_o his_o promise_n which_o ought_v also_o to_o be_v perform_v be_v guilty_a of_o violate_a faith_n but_o not_o of_o a_o violate_a oath_n and_o among_o the_o casuist_n bartolus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v judge_v word_n at_o the_o least_o some_o so_o necessary_a unto_o a_o oath_n that_o unless_o the_o testimony_n invoke_v be_v in_o express_a word_n pronounce_v it_o can_v not_o formal_o be_v a_o oath_n nor_o under_o that_o name_n obligatory_a but_o these_o two_o opinion_n be_v worthy_o reject_v by_o all_o for_o see_v word_n be_v but_o interpreter_n of_o thing_n conceive_v in_o the_o mind_n whereof_o they_o be_v character_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o those_o thing_n conceive_v though_o perhaps_o not_o so_o convenient_o yet_o sufficient_o to_o be_v signify_v by_o other_o mean_n as_o write_v nod_n sign_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o other_o no_o necessity_n enjoin_v the_o use_n of_o word_n so_o mute_n they_o who_o have_v have_v their_o tongue_n cut_v out_o and_o such_o as_o lie_v speechless_a upon_o their_o deathbed_n when_o they_o contract_v marriage_n make_v their_o will_n or_o perform_v any_o thing_n which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o a_o clear_a and_o undoubted_a signification_n of_o their_o assent_n which_o they_o be_v unable_a to_o express_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n use_v by_o nod_n by_o lift_v up_o the_o hand_n or_o other_o sign_n to_o signify_v their_o answer_n unto_o the_o question_n ask_v which_o signification_n be_v no_o less_o valid_a unto_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n of_o the_o law_n then_o if_o it_o have_v be_v express_v by_o word_n and_o it_o be_v the_o very_a same_o in_o a_o oath_n to_o which_o so_o god_n be_v any_o way_n invoke_v witness_n whether_o express_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n or_o tacit_o by_o any_o sign_n whereby_o the_o person_n who_o it_o concern_v may_v manifest_o perceive_v that_o the_o party_n desire_v as_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o god_n to_o engage_v his_o faith_n such_o a_o act_n be_v both_o formal_o a_o oath_n and_o full_o sufficient_a to_o oblige_v the_o conscience_n according_a to_o that_o verse_n which_o stobaeus_n bring_v out_o of_o a_o old_a comedian_n the_o oath_n be_v firm_a if_o i_o but_o give_v a_o nod_n he_o be_v therefore_o very_o much_o deceive_v and_o his_o own_o impostor_n who_o think_v himself_o either_o free_a from_o or_o more_o loose_a in_o his_o obligation_n because_o he_o utter_v no_o word_n that_o may_v express_v a_o oath_n if_o to_o another_o ask_v he_o a_o question_n as_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o god_n witness_n and_o arbyter_n by_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o behaviour_n he_o seem_v plain_o to_o consent_v or_o if_o where_o it_o may_v be_v advantageous_a unto_o he_o in_o respect_n of_o some_o worldly_a gain_n that_o he_o shall_v seem_v to_o have_v swear_v unto_o the_o word_n of_o another_o he_o know_o and_o witting_o make_v use_n of_o a_o friend_n to_o witness_v though_o false_o that_o he_o have_v so_o swear_v he_o have_v bind_v by_o that_o fact_n his_o soul_n with_o a_o bond_n and_o ought_v no_o less_o to_o do_v according_a unto_o all_o that_o which_o proceed_v out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o party_n ask_v or_o require_v then_o if_o it_o have_v proceed_v out_o of_o his_o own_o mouth_n if_o the_o thing_n be_v lawful_a he_o must_v perform_v it_o but_o if_o he_o know_v it_o to_o be_v unlawful_a he_o can_v by_o this_o trick_n evade_v perjury_n sect_n ii_o furthermore_o as_o oath_n may_v be_v swear_v by_o sign_n only_o without_o word_n so_o they_o may_v and_o most_o common_o be_v by_o word_n only_o without_o sign_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o rash_a one_o which_o slip_v out_o in_o common_a discourse_n and_o other_o now_o the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n may_v be_v consider_v yet_o two_o way_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o thing_n by_o which_o it_o be_v swear_v or_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o expression_n and_o form_n of_o speech_n in_o which_o it_o be_v swear_v wherefore_o the_o second_o doubt_n be_v concern_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n in_o
without_o any_o scruple_n that_o among_o the_o jew_n from_o the_o time_n this_o custom_n of_o swear_v by_o the_o creature_n wax_v strong_a the_o reverence_n of_o oath_n decay_v very_o much_o be_v most_o apparent_a by_o the_o word_n of_o our_o saviour_n mat._n 5._o &_o 23._o which_o two_o place_n lay_v together_o afford_v a_o sense_n tend_v to_o the_o correction_n of_o a_o double_a perhaps_o a_o treble_a error_n first_o that_o the_o jew_n grant_v unto_o themselves_o so_o they_o abstain_v from_o the_o name_n of_o god_n liberty_n of_o swear_v in_o every_o trifle_n second_o that_o they_o think_v it_o no_o sin_n to_o swear_v though_o by_o god_n if_o that_o be_v true_a which_o they_o swear_v three_o that_o while_o they_o swear_v but_o by_o the_o creature_n and_o not_o by_o god_n they_o think_v a_o falsehood_n no_o perjury_n for_o so_o they_o perverse_o interpret_v that_o place_n thou_o shall_v not_o for_o swear_v thyself_o but_o shall_v render_v thy_o oath_n unto_o the_o lord_n wherefore_o christ_n teach_v that_o oath_n take_v not_o in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n but_o of_o creature_n be_v as_o true_o oath_n and_o as_o full_o obligatory_a as_o those_o wherein_o god_n be_v express_o mention_v and_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v for_o the_o former_a case_n sect_n iii_o the_o latter_a case_n be_v of_o a_o oath_n make_v by_o idol_n or_o false_a go_n for_o solution_n of_o the_o doubt_n in_o this_o case_n first_o i_o say_v that_o such_o oath_n be_v simple_o unlawful_a apparent_o idolatrous_a and_o express_o prohibit_v by_o god_n for_o they_o direct_v the_o true_a worship_n due_a unto_o the_o true_a god_n only_o unto_o god_n which_o be_v not_o true_a contrary_a unto_o the_o precept_n deut._n 6._o 13._o thou_o shall_v fear_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o serve_v he_o and_o swear_v by_o his_o name_n and_o god_n himself_o grievous_o upbraid_v his_o people_n with_o this_o sin_n jer._n 5._o 7._o how_o say_v he_o shall_v i_o pardon_v thou_o for_o this_o thy_o child_n have_v forsake_v i_o and_o swear_v by_o they_o that_o be_v no_o go_n second_o i_o say_v that_o such_o oath_n oblige_v upon_o pain_n of_o perjury_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v observe_v and_o that_o he_o who_o have_v violate_v his_o faith_n so_o give_v in_o a_o lawful_a thing_n be_v perjure_v so_o say_v augustine_n because_o he_o have_v swear_v by_o such_o as_o he_o ought_v not_o and_o do_v contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n that_o which_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v do_v he_o have_v commit_v double_a sin_n and_o again_o he_o who_o swear_v by_o a_o stone_n if_o he_o swear_v a_o falsehood_n be_v perjure_v you_o may_v perhaps_o object_n that_o this_o wherein_o god_n be_v not_o invoke_v witness_n see_v a_o false_a god_n be_v no_o god_n can_v be_v no_o oath_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o obligatory_a i_o answer_v though_o a_o false_a god_n be_v indeed_o no_o god_n because_o as_o truth_n and_o ens_fw-la so_o falsehood_n and_o non_fw-la ens_fw-la be_v convertible_a he_o be_v nevertheless_o a_o god_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o he_o who_o swear_v which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o induce_v obligation_n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o one_o ex_fw-la hypothesi_fw-la be_v a_o true_a oath_n to_o wit_n the_o erroneous_a conscience_n of_o the_o party_n suppose_v forasmuch_o as_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o perform_v the_o thing_n which_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o conscience_n he_o have_v confirm_v by_o a_o oath_n where_o faith_n swear_v by_o a_o false_a god_n be_v violate_v injury_n be_v do_v unto_o the_o true_a god_n because_o the_o party_n swear_v though_o under_o false_a mark_n yet_o by_o a_o general_a comprehension_n reflect_v upon_o divine_a power_n whence_o augustine_n the_o stone_n do_v not_o bear_v thou_o speak_v but_o god_n punish_v thou_o not_o perform_v allude_v as_o i_o conceive_v unto_o the_o solemn_a rite_n of_o the_o roman_n where_o the_o party_n swear_v hold_v a_o flint_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o pronounce_v these_o word_n if_o i_o know_o deceive_v let_v jupiter_n cast_v i_o from_o all_o good_a man_n as_o i_o this_o stone_n which_o say_v he_o throw_v the_o stone_n immediate_o from_o he_o and_o they_o who_o have_v perform_v this_o ceremony_n be_v say_v jupiter_fw-la lapidem_fw-la jurare_fw-la he_o therefore_o who_o forswear_v by_o a_o false_a god_n shall_v find_v the_o true_a god_n revenger_n of_o his_o perjury_n and_o contempt_n of_o divine_a power_n and_o religion_n say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o wisdom_n nay_o augustine_n be_v so_o confident_a that_o he_o fear_v not_o to_o affirm_v it_o less_o evil_a to_o swear_v by_o a_o false_a god_n true_o then_o by_o the_o true_a god_n false_o which_o speech_n of_o he_o may_v not_o be_v understand_v at_o large_a and_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n but_o strict_o as_o to_o the_o falsehood_n and_o perjury_n which_o in_o that_o place_n be_v only_o consider_v three_o i_o say_v upon_o the_o obligatory_a power_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n depend_v the_o solution_n of_o that_o question_n which_o be_v put_v by_o one_o publicola_n unto_o bless_a augustine_n handle_v at_o large_a by_o the_o author_n in_o his_o whole_a epistle_n 15._o 4._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o require_v a_o oath_n of_o one_o who_o we_o know_v will_v swear_v by_o idol_n augustine_n hold_v the_o affirmative_a and_o prove_v it_o first_o by_o example_n of_o abraham_n who_o confirm_v the_o league_n contract_v with_o abimelech_n by_o oath_n mutual_o give_v and_o receive_v gen._n 21._o and_o of_o jacob_n covenant_n make_v with_o laban_n gen._n 31._o then_o by_o reason_n because_o otherwise_o there_o will_v be_v no_o convenient_a mean_n whereby_o league_n may_v be_v make_v and_o public_a faith_n and_o peace_n preserve_v with_o idolater_n nor_o do_v the_o true_a god_n any_o where_o forbid_v the_o good_a use_n of_o faith_n though_o wicked_o swear_v by_o false_a god_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o this_o be_v to_o partake_v of_o another_o sin_n augustine_n answer_v we_o do_v not_o by_o this_o mean_n associate_v ourselves_o with_o he_o who_o swear_v by_o false_a god_n devil_n in_o the_o evil_a of_o sin_n but_o in_o the_o good_a of_o his_o contract_n whereby_o he_o engage_v and_o perform_v his_o faith_n and_o so_o much_o for_o the_o second_o doubt_n sect_n iv._o the_o three_o doubt_n follow_v which_o consider_v the_o manner_n of_o expression_n and_o verbal_a form_n of_o a_o oath_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o doubt_n be_v that_o see_v every_o oath_n true_o and_o formal_o such_o oblige_v under_o guilt_n of_o perjury_n but_o not_o such_o form_n as_o be_v not_o oath_n it_o be_v needful_a we_o shall_v be_v able_a among_o those_o form_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v oath_n by_o some_o note_n or_o character_n to_o know_v which_o be_v and_o which_o be_v not_o proper_o and_o formal_o oath_n in_o which_o matter_n i_o confess_v of_o so_o many_o of_o the_o casuist_n as_o in_o this_o straightness_n of_o time_n i_o can_v peruse_v i_o find_v none_o satisfactory_a some_o of_o they_o touch_v this_o question_n light_o other_o handle_v it_o indistinct_o to_o the_o end_n therefore_o i_o may_v propose_v something_o concern_v this_o point_n more_o distinct_o as_o my_o haste_n to_o other_o thing_n will_v permit_v it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o unto_o a_o bare_a assertion_n or_o promise_n some_o confirmation_n of_o faith_n be_v usual_o add_v and_o that_o by_o asseveration_n obtestation_n or_o by_o a_o oath_n which_o three_o albeit_o they_o may_v seem_v little_a distant_a and_o rather_o to_o differ_v in_o degree_n then_o kind_a nevertheless_o intrinsical_o formal_o and_o specifical_o they_o be_v each_o distinct_a from_o other_o it_o be_v true_a this_o distinction_n through_o their_o affinity_n the_o end_n at_o which_o they_o aim_v and_o word_n whereby_o they_o be_v express_v be_v oftentimes_o so_o obscure_a that_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a either_o not_o altogether_o to_o confound_v they_o or_o skilful_o and_o dexterous_o to_o distinguish_v they_o wherefore_o that_o every_o one_o of_o these_o may_v be_v the_o better_o discern_v from_o other_o four_o thing_n which_o may_v serve_v as_o trial_n of_o every_o form_n of_o speech_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o oath_n a_o obtestation_n or_o mere_a asseveration_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v viz._n the_o form_n of_o word_n the_o proper_a and_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o same_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v sect_n v._o first_o it_o may_v be_v sometime_o sufficient_o apparent_a by_o the_o very_a form_n of_o the_o word_n whether_o a_o man_n have_v swear_v or_o not_o swear_v unto_o i_o that_o you_o will_v give_v i_o a_o hundred_o i_o swear_v or_o by_o god_n i_o will_v or_o i_o promise_v before_o god_n i_o will_v or_o as_o god_n help_v i_o i_o will_v give_v you_o they_o if_o any_o
that_o worship_n be_v due_a unto_o god_n alone_o as_o from_o deut._n 6._o and_o jer._n 5._o have_v be_v prove_v which_o latter_a place_n though_o perhaps_o it_o peculiar_o concern_v they_o who_o swear_v by_o idol_n and_o false_a god_n yet_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o argument_n which_o the_o prophet_n use_v general_o take_v comprehend_v they_o also_o who_o swear_v by_o creature_n see_v that_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v true_o say_v of_o creature_n that_o they_o be_v not_o go_n three_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o oath_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o definition_n thereof_o show_v sufficient_o that_o it_o be_v never_o lawful_a to_o swear_v by_o creature_n heathen_n themselves_o confess_v that_o divine_a invocation_n belong_v unto_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o oath_n which_o thing_n be_v so_o and_o this_o reason_n insufficient_a to_o excuse_v joseph_n of_o all_o crime_n the_o four_o opinion_n follow_v which_o explain_v the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o joseph_n word_n suppose_v he_o not_o to_o have_v swear_v at_o all_o and_o therefore_o not_o to_o have_v sin_v in_o swear_v amiss_o for_o if_o he_o swear_v by_o the_o life_n of_o pharaoh_n either_o the_o life_n of_o pharaoh_n be_v invoke_v as_o witness_v which_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o think_v or_o contain_v some_o execratory_n or_o imprecatory_a thing_n in_o it_o which_o what_o it_o can_v be_v without_o a_o very_a harsh_a and_o force_a interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o divine_v but_o the_o sense_n of_o his_o word_n will_v be_v very_o plain_a and_o easy_a if_o they_o be_v expound_v by_o a_o indicative_a speech_n thus_o by_o the_o life_n of_o pharaoh_n you_o be_v spy_n that_o be_v as_o true_a and_o certain_a as_o it_o be_v that_o pharaoh_n live_v so_o true_a and_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o you_o be_v spy_n like_o that_o by_o this_o sun_n that_o shine_v i_o tell_v you_o true_a which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v this_o be_v so_o true_a which_o i_o tell_v you_o as_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o sun_n shine_v whereof_o neither_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v formal_o a_o oath_n but_o a_o asseveration_n rather_o confirm_v by_o a_o vehement_a obtestation_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o much_o may_v be_v say_v for_o the_o contrary_a which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o of_o weight_n to_o make_v i_o alter_v my_o judgement_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v of_o weight_n to_o make_v i_o think_v it_o fit_a that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v leave_v free_o to_o his_o judgement_n provide_v he_o condemn_v not_o another_o and_o grant_v i_o this_o that_o it_o can_v at_o least_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o word_n except_o it_o appear_v by_o other_o mean_n be_v clear_o prove_v that_o joseph_n swear_v see_v the_o word_n contain_v no_o invocation_n of_o witness_n nor_o of_o vengeance_n sect_n viii_o the_o three_o trial_n whereby_o a_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v know_v be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n place_n or_o community_n for_o there_o may_v be_v some_o speech_n which_o neither_o by_o their_o form_n nor_o force_n and_o natural_a sensâ—_n of_o the_o word_n appear_v to_o be_v oath_n yet_o through_o receive_a use_n in_o some_o nation_n and_o common_a estimation_n may_v be_v account_v oath_n as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n such_o as_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o word_n a_o man_n will_v take_v for_o oath_n may_v be_v esteem_v no_o oath_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o value_n of_o word_n be_v like_o that_o of_o money_n not_o by_o nature_n but_o agreement_n or_o rather_o use_v that_o be_v their_o worth_n be_v according_o as_o they_o be_v esteem_v to_o find_v a_o example_n thereof_o we_o neee_v go_v no_o further_o than_o some_o of_o our_o own_o form_n for_o whereas_o faith_n and_o truth_n especial_o as_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v word_n of_o the_o same_o signification_n and_o efficacy_n in_o asmuch_o as_o he_o who_o be_v void_a of_o truth_n be_v void_a of_o faith_n and_o he_o who_o be_v void_a of_o faith_n be_v void_a of_o truth_n also_o nevertheless_o our_o countryman_n through_o long_a use_n be_v possess_v with_o a_o opinion_n that_o he_o who_o say_v in_o faith_n swear_v and_o he_o who_o say_v in_o truth_n swear_v not_o as_o also_o that_o in_o truth_n be_v but_o a_o mere_a asseveration_n and_o by_o my_o troth_n a_o oath_n of_o which_o thing_n it_o be_v a_o folly_n to_o demand_v other_o reason_n then_o custom_n to_o who_o arbitrament_n belong_v the_o right_a the_o law_n the_o rule_n of_o tongue_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o he_o who_o while_o he_o look_v only_o at_o the_o form_n or_o force_v of_o the_o word_n take_v the_o liberty_n in_o common_a discourse_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o speech_n without_o discretion_n or_o scruple_n as_o have_v by_o long_o use_v obtain_v among_o we_o the_o force_n and_o estimation_n of_o oath_n violate_v the_o precept_n of_o christ_n against_o swear_v scandalize_v his_o brother_n and_o expose_v himself_o unto_o the_o danger_n of_o perjury_n sect_n ix_o the_o four_o and_o last_o trial_n whereby_o a_o oath_n may_v be_v know_v be_v the_o mind_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v for_o be_v it_o so_o that_o a_o form_n of_o speech_n appear_v not_o by_o the_o word_n themselves_o nor_o by_o the_o common_a estimation_n of_o man_n to_o be_v a_o oath_n nevertheless_o if_o a_o man_n use_v such_o a_o form_n either_o through_o mistake_n imagine_v himself_o to_o have_v swear_v or_o through_o some_o deceitful_a intention_n will_v be_v think_v to_o have_v swear_v that_o form_n though_o it_o be_v not_o real_o and_o in_o itself_o a_o oath_n will_v have_v nevertheless_o as_o to_o that_o man_n the_o full_a obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n to_o all_o effect_n and_o if_o he_o violate_v his_o faith_n so_o give_v he_o be_v guilty_a at_o the_o bar_n of_o conscience_n not_o only_o of_o falsehood_n but_o perjury_n for_o as_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o apostle_n he_o who_o esteem_v a_o thing_n common_a or_o impure_a which_o in_o itself_o be_v not_o impure_a make_v it_o nevertheless_o impure_a as_o to_o he_o and_o be_v bind_v to_o abstain_v from_o it_o as_o if_o it_o be_v real_o common_a and_o impure_a so_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o contrary_n he_o who_o esteem_v a_o thing_n holy_a which_o in_o itself_o be_v not_o holy_a make_v it_o nevertheless_o holy_a as_o to_o he_o and_o be_v bind_v to_o abstain_v from_o it_o as_o a_o thing_n real_o holy_a and_o if_o error_n in_o the_o understanding_n excuse_v not_o from_o obligation_n much_o less_o may_v deceitfulness_n in_o the_o will_n because_o it_o be_v most_o just_a that_o a_o impious_a and_o fraudulent_a man_n shall_v fall_v into_o the_o pit_n which_o he_o dig_v for_o his_o neighbour_n and_o that_o his_o foot_n shall_v be_v catch_v in_o the_o snare_n which_o he_o set_v for_o another_o sect_n x._o the_o use_n of_o the_o four_o trial_n which_o i_o have_v explain_v be_v this_o that_o to_o know_v when_o a_o question_n or_o scruple_n of_o conscience_n arise_v concern_v any_o form_n of_o speech_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o oath_n whether_o or_o no_o it_o be_v true_o and_o formal_o a_o oath_n and_o consequent_o contain_v the_o force_n of_o obligation_n recourse_n may_v present_o be_v have_v unto_o these_o trial_n and_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o the_o form_n make_v by_o they_o as_o diagnostic_n sign_n and_o that_o in_o the_o order_n which_o i_o have_v propose_v begin_n with_o the_o first_o and_o run_v through_o the_o rest_n as_o there_o shall_v be_v occasion_n that_o be_v except_z the_o examen_fw-la appear_v sufficient_o make_v by_o the_o way_n to_o show_v it_o to_o be_v a_o oath_n for_o that_o which_o be_v a_o oath_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v but_o a_o affirmation_n by_o the_o examination_n of_o some_o one_o mark_n but_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v to_o be_v a_o oath_n till_o the_o whole_a examen_fw-la be_v perfect_v through_o every_o mark_n the_o end_n of_o this_o examen_fw-la be_v two_o the_o one_o before_o the_o oath_n that_o a_o man_n may_v bethink_v himself_o whether_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o use_v such_o a_o form_n or_o no_o the_o other_o after_o the_o form_n use_v that_o he_o may_v understand_v how_o far_o he_o be_v oblige_v sect_n xi_o our_o discourse_n have_v be_v hitherto_o of_o such_o oath_n as_o be_v make_v by_o sign_n without_o word_n or_o of_o such_o as_o be_v make_v by_o word_n without_o sign_n we_o come_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o such_o as_o be_v compound_v of_o both_o now_o sign_n be_v join_v with_o word_n for_o the_o great_a either_o solemnity_n of_o the_o act_n or_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n wherefore_o a_o four_o doubt_n be_v concern_v a_o solemn_a oath_n where_o the_o first_o case_n or_o first_o question_n be_v of_o the_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n use_v in_o solemn_a oath_n of_o the_o rite_n of_o the_o gentile_n many_o have_v write_v
conceal_v his_o meaning_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o auditor_n understand_v one_o thing_n and_o he_o another_o this_o be_v that_o verbal_a equivocation_n which_o among_o some_o other_o casuist_n and_o scholastics_n the_o jesuit_n especial_o maintain_v and_o practice_v example_n whereof_o be_v most_o frequent_o find_v in_o assertory_n oath_n because_o by_o their_o doctrine_n the_o chief_a use_n of_o this_o equivocation_n be_v when_o a_o man_n examine_v by_o a_o impotent_a judge_n or_o not_o legal_o or_o have_v some_o other_o reason_n to_o dissemble_v the_o truth_n fit_v the_o word_n uâ—to_fw-mi his_o occasion_n by_o change_v their_o genuine_a sense_n into_o one_o more_o strain_v and_o remote_a from_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n as_o if_o a_o jesuit_n apprehend_v shall_v swear_v that_o he_o be_v a_o smith_n mean_v that_o his_o name_n be_v smith_n or_o a_o apprentice_n command_v to_o tell_v where_o his_o master_n be_v shall_v swear_v he_o die_v a_o month_n ago_o mean_v that_o he_o then_o die_v stocking_n the_o like_a may_v happen_v in_o promissory_a oath_n as_o if_o a_o general_n have_v make_v a_o truce_n with_o a_o enemy_n for_o ten_o day_n shall_v give_v he_o a_o camifado_n because_o in_o the_o capitulation_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o day_n only_o not_o of_o the_o night_n livy_n and_o other_o relate_v the_o story_n of_o the_o ten_o roman_n take_v by_o hannibal_n and_o after_o they_o have_v swear_v upon_o certain_a condition_n to_o return_v unto_o his_o camp_n dismiss_v one_o of_o which_o say_v he_o other_o say_z two_o most_o unlike_a a_o roman_a return_v the_o same_o day_n pretend_v something_o forget_v but_o intend_v to_o absolve_v himself_o of_o his_o promise_n and_o before_o night_n overtake_v his_o companion_n which_o deceitful_a trick_n of_o his_o be_v account_v so_o base_a that_o he_o be_v not_o only_o scorn_v by_o the_o vulgar_a brand_v with_o ignominy_n by_o the_o censor_n but_o adjudge_v by_o the_o senate_n to_o be_v take_v and_o by_o a_o public_a guard_n deliver_v unto_o hannibal_n nevertheless_o jesuit_n so_o vigorous_o defend_v this_o equivocation_n that_o jo._n molanus_n professor_n at_o louvain_n justify_v the_o murder_n of_o john_n huss_n perpetrate_v against_o the_o public_a faith_n engage_v unto_o he_o for_o his_o safe_a conduct_n for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o conduct_v undertake_v for_o his_o safe_a come_n not_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o return_n and_o now_o let_v jesuit_n confident_o complain_v of_o the_o great_a injury_n do_v they_o while_o we_o say_v they_o hold_v faith_n not_o to_o be_v keep_v with_o heretic_n for_o if_o this_o be_v to_o keep_v faith_n they_o need_v not_o much_o trouble_v themselves_o with_o whosoever_o it_o be_v contract_v whether_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v keep_v or_o break_v but_o whole_a book_n of_o this_o jesuitism_n be_v large_o and_o solid_o confute_v by_o the_o reverend_a father_n in_o christ_n john_n morton_n now_o bishop_n of_o duresm_n henry_n mason_n and_o other_o of_o our_o countryman_n worthy_a the_o perusal_n of_o such_o as_o desire_v further_a satisfaction_n in_o this_o point_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n our_o result_n be_v that_o the_o party_n swear_v after_o this_o manner_n both_o sin_v in_o his_o equivocal_a oath_n and_o be_v notwithstanding_o that_o tacit_a equivocation_n bind_v in_o conscience_n unto_o the_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n in_o that_o sense_n which_o the_o word_n yield_v of_o themselves_o and_o be_v without_o constraint_n apt_a to_o beget_v upon_o the_o mind_n of_o other_o unless_o he_o act_v according_o he_o be_v not_o guiltless_a of_o perjury_n sect_n iv._o some_o reason_n of_o this_o assertion_n i_o have_v already_o allege_v in_o the_o confirmation_n of_o our_o first_o hypothesis_n i_o shall_v now_o add_v but_o brief_o a_o few_o more_o the_o first_o a_o oath_n according_a unto_o the_o sum_n of_o that_o hypothesis_n aught_o to_o be_v most_o simple_o and_o effectual_o understand_v unto_o which_o simplicity_n this_o artifice_n of_o industrious_a ambiguity_n be_v repugnant_a the_o second_o it_o be_v a_o great_a profanation_n of_o the_o name_n of_o god_n to_o invoke_v he_o as_o witness_v and_o searcher_n of_o heart_n to_o attest_v the_o truth_n of_o word_n which_o agree_v not_o with_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v for_o what_o be_v this_o if_o not_o as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o man_n power_n to_o make_v god_n who_o can_v neither_o deceive_v nor_o be_v deceive_v a_o impostor_n and_o patron_n of_o base_a dissimulation_n the_o three_o equivocation_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o very_a institution_n and_o nature_n of_o a_o oath_n who_o chief_a use_n be_v to_o be_v a_o end_n of_o strife_n and_o controversy_n and_o to_o give_v as_o certain_a security_n in_o uncertain_a thing_n as_o humane_a nature_n be_v able_a to_o afford_v it_o be_v expediendarum_fw-la litium_fw-la maximum_fw-la remedium_fw-la but_o that_o certainty_n which_o we_o seek_v in_o a_o oath_n be_v losâ—_n in_o equivocation_n for_o what_o certainty_n can_v there_o be_v in_o his_o answer_n who_o meaning_n be_v uncertainty_n nor_o be_v controversy_n thus_o end_v but_o aggravate_v the_o four_o the_o party_n so_o swear_v delude_v his_o neighbour_n and_o know_o deceive_v contrary_a to_o the_o precept_n ne_o juret_fw-la in_o dolo_fw-la and_o to_o the_o ancient_a form_n si_fw-mi sciens_fw-la fallo_fw-la the_o five_o promise_v in_o the_o promissory_a be_v as_o affirmation_n and_o negation_n be_v in_o the_o assertory_n and_o contain_v a_o answer_n unto_o the_o question_n or_o interrogatory_n propose_v by_o the_o deferent_a which_o unless_o it_o quadrate_n and_o agree_v with_o the_o interrogatory_n propose_v be_v no_o truth_n but_o a_o lie_n for_o out_o of_o the_o question_n and_o the_o answer_n spring_v as_o it_o be_v one_o proposition_n which_o must_v be_v utter_o false_a where_o the_o answer_n be_v make_v in_o a_o different_a sense_n from_o that_o wherein_o the_o question_n be_v ask_v noâ—_n do_v that_o qualification_n to_o which_o the_o patron_n of_o this_o simulation_n fly_v afford_v they_o refuge_n to_o wit_n that_o we_o may_v not_o use_v this_o equivocation_n at_o our_o pleasure_n but_o only_o before_o a_o incompetent_a judge_n such_o as_o have_v no_o right_a to_o require_v a_o oath_n or_o who_o compel_v we_o to_o swear_v without_o just_a cause_n or_o exact_v that_o which_o be_v not_o due_a or_o the_o like_a but_o to_o omit_v that_o these_o be_v but_o their_o bare_a allegation_n only_o not_o confirm_v by_o authority_n of_o scripture_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n or_o indeed_o of_o good_a and_o solid_a reason_n the_o force_n of_o these_o argument_n by_o which_o we_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a be_v neither_o overthrow_v nor_o weaken_v by_o this_o qualification_n and_o although_o it_o shall_v be_v grant_v that_o a_o unjust_a force_n may_v null_n that_o obligation_n make_v to_o man_n because_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o a_o unjust_a act_n shall_v acquire_v any_o right_n yet_o no_o injury_n do_v unto_o we_o by_o man_n can_v give_v we_o just_a cause_n to_o injure_v god_n by_o cast_v off_o that_o obligation_n which_o we_o make_v unto_o he_o the_o searcher_n of_o heart_n to_o who_o such_o right_a by_o every_o oath_n occur_v through_o the_o invocation_n of_o his_o name_n to_o conclude_v this_o jesuitical_a doctrine_n license_v the_o lust_n of_o lie_v and_o perjury_n unto_o impious_a man_n notwithstanding_o that_o qualification_n which_o though_o it_o remain_v yet_o the_o sole_a judgement_n when_o it_o be_v and_o when_o not_o expedient_a to_o use_v it_o be_v leave_v unto_o the_o party_n swear_v wherefore_o if_o a_o man_n against_o right_n and_o reason_n be_v constrain_v to_o swear_v he_o ought_v either_o absolute_o to_o refuse_v the_o oath_n or_o to_o take_v it_o in_o that_o sense_n wherein_o it_o be_v give_v without_o simulation_n or_o equivocation_n sect_n v._o the_o three_o case_n ally_v unto_o this_o be_v of_o mental_a reservation_n which_o the_o jesuit_n defend_v with_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o define_v with_o the_o same_o qualification_n they_o do_v verbal_a equivocation_n for_o as_o in_o that_o by_o wrest_v the_o word_n pronounce_v unto_o another_o sense_n so_o in_o this_o by_o some_o addition_n not_o pronounce_v but_o conceive_v in_o mind_n the_o party_n swear_v elude_v the_o interrogatory_n so_o they_o say_v a_o priest_n if_o he_o be_v examine_v by_o a_o heretical_a magistrate_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o priest_n may_v answer_v that_o he_o be_v no_o priest_n meaning_n of_o bacchus_n or_o apollo_n and_o a_o adulterous_a wife_n if_o she_o be_v question_v of_o adultery_n by_o her_o jealous_a husband_n may_v swear_v unto_o he_o that_o she_o commit_v not_o adultery_n mean_v not_o to_o the_o end_n to_o tell_v he_o the_o like_a they_o hold_v in_o promissory_a oath_n that_o a_o traveller_n to_o save_v his_o life_n may_v swear_v to_o give_v money_n unto_o a_o thief_n though_o he_o never_o intend_v it_o provide_v
that_o when_o he_o swear_v i_o will_v give_v thou_o so_o much_o he_o understand_v if_o i_o owe_v it_o thou_o or_o if_o thou_o demand_v it_o before_o the_o magistrate_n but_o as_o this_o mental_a reservation_n be_v build_v upon_o the_o same_o sand_n with_o verbal_a equivocation_n so_o be_v it_o destroy_v with_o the_o same_o dash_n for_o it_o root_v all_o faith_n and_o assurance_n out_o of_o man_n make_v god_n a_o imposter_n be_v deceitful_a unto_o our_o neighbour_n pervert_v the_o use_n and_o end_n of_o oath_n set_v open_v a_o great_a gate_n to_o all_o kind_n of_o lie_n and_o perjury_n and_o be_v so_o much_o worse_a than_o equivocation_n as_o more_o difficult_a to_o be_v prevent_v for_o equivocation_n foresee_v or_o suspect_v may_v be_v prevent_v by_o such_o diligent_a explication_n of_o the_o word_n as_o may_v leave_v no_o loophole_n of_o ambiguity_n but_o no_o humane_a art_n or_o providence_n if_o man_n will_v be_v juggle_v can_v prevent_v this_o pouch_n of_o this_o reservation_n where_o will_v you_o find_v a_o knot_n to_o tie_v this_o vertumnus_n unto_o one_o shape_n bind_v wicked_a proteus_n in_o chain_n a_o thousand_o fold_n it_o be_v all_o in_o vain_a jesuit_n and_o priest_n reserve_v unto_o themselves_o the_o liberty_n to_o reserve_v any_o thing_n be_v not_o afraid_a with_o a_o serious_a brow_n to_o take_v our_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n though_o pen_v with_o such_o accurateness_n of_o word_n as_o leave_v no_o hold_n for_o cavil_n nor_o way_n for_o escape_v yet_o that_o very_a clause_n where_o in_o express_a word_n they_o promise_v that_o they_o will_v faithful_o observe_v all_o the_o premise_n according_a unto_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o word_n pronounce_v by_o they_o and_o according_a to_o the_o plain_a and_o natural_a sense_n and_o true_a intent_n of_o those_o word_n without_o any_o equivocation_n or_o mental_a reservation_n they_o understand_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o this_o reservation_n to_o wit_n that_o i_o will_v tell_v you_o sect_n vi_o they_o lie_v nevertheless_o at_o a_o ward_n to_o put_v by_o perjury_n for_o say_v they_o of_o the_o verbal_a and_o mental_a sentence_n one_o entire_a sentence_n be_v compound_v in_o which_o take_v altogether_o there_o be_v no_o falsehood_n for_o example_n if_o a_o priest_n swear_v in_o express_a word_n that_o he_o be_v no_o priest_n with_o the_o addition_n reserve_v in_o his_o mind_n but_o not_o utter_v that_o i_o shall_v tell_v it_o you_o this_o whole_a sentence_n say_v they_o put_v together_o be_v true_a viz._n i_o be_o not_o a_o priest_n that_o i_o shall_v tell_v it_o you_o nor_o do_v any_o reason_n seem_v to_o forbid_v a_o man_n the_o liberty_n if_o he_o please_v to_o compose_v his_o speech_n of_o verbal_a and_o mental_a term_n for_o why_o in_o our_o prayer_n if_o one_o shall_v pronounce_v those_o word_n only_o our_o daily_a bread_n and_o express_v those_o other_o give_v we_o this_o day_n in_o his_o thought_n only_o shall_v the_o speech_n be_v entire_a and_o lawful_a and_o acceptable_a unto_o god_n and_o unlawful_a to_o do_v the_o like_a in_o a_o oath_n that_o this_o jesuitical_a legerdemain_n may_v full_o be_v discover_v first_o it_o be_v admirable_a that_o these_o most_o acute_a artificer_n shall_v not_o perceive_v the_o fabric_n of_o this_o defence_n not_o to_o be_v raise_v but_o upon_o the_o utter_a ruin_n of_o faith_n in_o all_o humane_a judgement_n contract_n and_o promise_n for_o the_o argument_n they_o use_v if_o it_o be_v of_o any_o weight_n will_v as_o well_o justify_v the_o practice_n of_o this_o equivocation_n before_o a_o lawful_a judge_n and_o in_o a_o just_a matter_n which_o they_o say_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v as_o before_o a_o incompetent_a judge_n and_o in_o a_o unjust_a matter_n see_v that_o a_o sentence_n compose_v of_o the_o verbal_a and_o mental_a part_n be_v in_o each_o of_o the_o same_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n and_o this_o answer_n may_v suffice_v ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la but_o ad_fw-la rem_fw-la i_o say_v second_o that_o a_o sentence_n compose_v as_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o verbal_a and_o mental_a part_n may_v be_v admit_v when_o a_o man_n converse_v with_o his_o own_o thought_n as_o in_o private_a meditation_n or_o when_o he_o address_v himself_o to_o god_n alone_o as_o in_o prayer_n or_o thanksgiving_n but_o when_o the_o have_v to_o do_v with_o man_n as_o in_o oath_n where_o he_o be_v to_o bear_v such_o testimony_n as_o may_v be_v hear_v and_o understand_v by_o other_o a_o sense_n mix_v of_o verbal_a and_o mental_a part_n be_v in_o no_o wise_a to_o be_v admit_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o difference_n be_v manifest_a because_o that_o which_o he_o bear_v hide_v in_o his_o breast_n be_v no_o further_o know_v unto_o other_o than_o he_o declare_v it_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n but_o to_o god_n before_o who_o nothing_o be_v hide_v the_o dark_a secret_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v transparent_a so_o that_o when_o man_n pray_v or_o meditate_v it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o the_o point_n of_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n whether_o they_o pronounce_v their_o whole_a thought_n or_o part_n of_o they_o or_o none_o at_o all_o but_o man_n who_o can_v dive_v into_o the_o heart_n further_o than_o word_n and_o action_n discover_v it_o must_v weigh_v the_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n of_o a_o speech_n by_o those_o thing_n only_o which_o may_v yield_v testimony_n unto_o the_o hearer_n which_o since_o those_o reservation_n which_o be_v keep_v within_o can_v effect_v the_o truth_n of_o a_o speech_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v only_o by_o the_o word_n pronounce_v and_o not_o by_o mental_a reservation_n sect_n vii_o the_o four_o case_n follow_v the_o fact_n for_o as_o before_o and_o in_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o purpose_n of_o fulfil_v the_o promise_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n wherein_o it_o be_v propose_v without_o any_o equivocation_n or_o mental_a reservation_n so_o ought_v there_o afterward_o to_o be_v a_o desire_n and_o endeavour_v in_o due_a time_n faithful_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o according_a unto_o that_o sense_n wherein_o it_o be_v swear_v without_o any_o evasion_n or_o subterfuge_n and_o as_o it_o be_v one_o kind_n of_o perjury_n to_o strain_v the_o word_n during_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v unto_o another_o sense_n then_o that_o wherein_o they_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o auditor_n so_o be_v it_o another_o kind_n of_o perjury_n have_v swear_v honest_o not_o to_o proceed_v sincere_o but_o decline_v and_o elude_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o oath_n though_o the_o word_n be_v preserve_v with_o some_o new_a forge_a invention_n various_o turn_v and_o dress_v the_o word_n to_o cloak_v the_o guilt_n of_o their_o conscience_n as_o tacitus_n say_v of_o some_o stobaeus_n tell_v a_o pretty_a tale_n from_o herodotus_n of_o one_o archetimus_n who_o have_v deposit_v money_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o friend_n cydias_n archetimus_n upon_o a_o time_n desirous_a to_o have_v the_o same_o restore_v cydias_n loath_a to_o part_v with_o the_o gold_n disclaim_v that_o he_o ever_o receive_v it_o the_o matter_n bring_v before_o the_o judge_n the_o plaintiff_n accuse_v the_o defendant_n deny_v each_o with_o like_a confidence_n neither_o by_o any_o witness_n the_o judge_n other_o proof_n be_v want_v decree_v the_o determination_n of_o the_o controversy_n by_o oath_n the_o day_n be_v appoint_v cydias_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n put_v the_o gold_n into_o a_o hollow_a staff_n which_o he_o have_v cunning_o bore_v and_o withal_o counterfeit_v sickness_n then_o appear_v at_o the_o time_n with_o his_o staff_n as_o new_o recover_v deliver_v the_o same_o unto_o archetimus_n to_o hold_v while_o he_o approach_v the_o altar_n and_o till_o he_o have_v perform_v the_o solemnity_n of_o his_o oath_n this_o do_v with_o a_o most_o compose_a mind_n and_o countenance_n he_o swear_v that_o he_o have_v receive_v gold_n from_o archetimus_n but_o have_v restore_v it_o again_o unto_o he_o at_o which_o architemus_fw-la nettle_v with_o his_o loss_n and_o transport_v with_o indignation_n to_o see_v perfidiousness_n join_v with_o so_o much_o impudence_n throw_v the_o staff_n so_o hard_o against_o the_o pavement_n that_o it_o break_v and_o discover_v the_o money_n the_o fraud_n of_o cydias_n and_o the_o whole_a truth_n of_o the_o matter_n which_o act_n the_o writer_n of_o the_o story_n call_v a_o embroider_a lie_n and_o observe_v that_o cydias_n in_o reward_n of_o his_o perfidy_n come_v to_o a_o miserable_a end_n many_o such_o example_n be_v extant_a both_o in_o historian_n and_o common_a practice_n out_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v collect_v some_o profitable_a observation_n the_o first_o be_v that_o even_o dishonest_a man_n be_v so_o far_o touch_v with_o some_o conscience_n and_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n that_o though_o none_o at_o all_o or_o very_o small_a regard_n be_v have_v to_o justice_n and_o honesty_n yet_o through_o a_o instinct_n of_o nature_n
oath_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v with_o a_o unsatisfied_a conscience_n sect_n i._o the_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n or_o tie_v wherewith_o he_o who_o swear_v bind_v his_o soul_n and_o whereof_o we_o have_v hitherto_o so_o large_o discourse_v be_v the_o task_n of_o this_o day_n and_o conclusion_n of_o the_o work_n propose_v of_o which_o solution_n before_o we_o descend_v unto_o the_o particular_a kind_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o general_n first_o that_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n be_v proper_a unto_o a_o promissory_a oath_n and_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v at_o all_o with_o the_o assertory_n in_o every_o oath_n whether_o assertory_n or_o promissory_a there_o ought_v to_o be_v truth_n but_o with_o this_o difference_n in_o the_o assertory_n a_o single_a truth_n and_o for_o the_o present_a suffice_v where_o in_o the_o promissory_a a_o double_a truth_n be_v require_v one_o respect_v the_o present_a the_o other_o the_o future_a the_o present_a truth_n regard_v the_o act_n of_o swear_v and_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o party_n swear_v say_v true_a when_o he_o swear_v that_o be_v that_o his_o mind_n agree_v with_o his_o word_n and_o that_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o hold_v unto_o that_o which_o he_o promise_v which_o act_n of_o swear_v in_o the_o promissory_a whole_o agree_v as_o to_o the_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n with_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v in_o the_o assertory_n for_o the_o matter_n of_o that_o truth_n in_o either_o act_n see_v it_o regard_v the_o time_n present_a pass_v as_o it_o be_v into_o a_o kind_n of_o immutable_a necessity_n in_o as_o much_o as_o a_o oath_n so_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v make_v may_v instant_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v true_a or_o false_a which_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n when_o the_o act_n have_v once_o pass_v be_v as_o impossible_a to_o be_v alter_v as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o fact_n to_o have_v be_v no_o fact_n that_o obligation_n therefore_o whereby_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v bind_v for_o the_o present_a to_o say_v truth_n fall_v upon_o the_o act_n itself_o of_o swear_v and_o be_v inseparable_o conjoin_v with_o that_o act_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n can_v be_v loose_v nor_o separate_v from_o the_o oath_n and_o of_o a_o assertory_n oath_n except_o this_o for_o the_o present_a there_o be_v no_o further_a obligation_n because_o the_o matter_n thereof_o be_v some_o fact_n past_a or_o present_a but_o in_o a_o promissory_a oath_n the_o matter_n whereof_o be_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v perform_v for_o the_o future_a another_o truth_n be_v also_o require_v for_o the_o future_a which_o regard_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o oath_n and_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o party_n swear_v make_v that_o which_o he_o have_v promise_v to_o be_v true_a that_o be_v that_o he_o fulfil_v his_o promise_n now_o see_v the_o matter_n of_o a_o promissory_a oath_n to_o wit_n thing_n to_o be_v perform_v for_o the_o future_a be_v through_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o future_a event_n obnoxious_a to_o manifold_a change_n and_o alteration_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o obligation_n which_o fall_v upon_o that_o matter_n and_o whereby_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v bind_v in_o future_a to_o fulfil_v his_o promise_n be_v mutable_a and_o separable_a from_o the_o oath_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v solution_n of_o the_o bond._n from_o whence_o also_o follow_v that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n in_o a_o promissory_a oath_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o relation_n unto_o the_o former_a obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o truth_n for_o the_o present_a and_o be_v common_a with_o this_o and_o the_o assertory_n oath_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v understand_v only_o in_o relation_n unto_o the_o late_a obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o truth_n for_o the_o future_a which_o be_v proper_a and_o peculiar_a unto_o this_o that_o be_v to_o say_v every_o person_n swear_v promissory_o ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v be_v simple_o and_o indissoluble_o oblige_v in_o present_a to_o intend_v faithful_o and_o from_o his_o heart_n to_o effect_v that_o afterward_o which_o he_o promise_v but_o have_v swear_v it_o may_v come_v many_o way_n to_o pass_v that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v bind_v for_o the_o future_a to_o fulfil_v that_o afterward_o which_o he_o former_o promise_v and_o intend_v in_o a_o word_n thus_o he_o be_v always_o forswear_v who_o intend_v not_o that_o which_o he_o promise_v but_o he_o be_v not_o always_o forswear_a who_o perform_v not_o that_o which_o he_o promise_v sect_n ii_o now_o that_o a_o thing_n promise_v may_v nevertheless_o lawful_o and_o without_o danger_n of_o perjury_n or_o other_o sin_n not_o be_v perform_v must_v necessary_o happen_v one_o of_o these_o two_o way_n either_o that_o there_o be_v no_o obligation_n from_o the_o beginning_n or_o that_o it_o be_v by_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n since_o take_v away_o if_o the_o thing_n promise_v be_v when_o it_o be_v swear_v either_o impossible_a or_o unlawful_a the_o oath_n take_v unto_o the_o same_o impose_v no_o obligation_n nor_o need_v solution_n but_o penitence_n for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o so_o swear_v grievous_a sin_n be_v contract_v but_o no_o bond_n for_o we_o have_v already_o show_v that_o impossible_a thing_n and_o unlawful_a thing_n be_v in_o no_o wise_a obligatory_a wherefore_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n suppose_v antecedent_n obligation_n and_o imply_v that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v afterward_o so_o take_v away_o or_o at_o the_o least_o obstruct_a that_o he_o who_o be_v former_o bind_v up_o so_o close_o with_o the_o bond_n of_o his_o oath_n that_o he_o may_v not_o under_o pain_n of_o perjury_n do_v otherwise_o then_o he_o have_v promise_v be_v now_o no_o far_o bind_v unto_o the_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n the_o business_n therefore_o now_o in_o hand_n be_v to_o find_v out_o a_o certain_a reason_n whereupon_o he_o who_o have_v oblige_v himself_o by_o the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n unto_o the_o performance_n of_o a_o thing_n may_v rest_v secure_a in_o his_o conscience_n that_o he_o be_v deliver_v from_o that_o bond_n and_o no_o far_o bind_v unto_o the_o performance_n of_o that_o promise_n to_o which_o solution_n those_o five_o way_n common_o assign_v we_o shall_v examine_v in_o their_o order_n sect_n iii_o the_o first_o case_n be_v of_o the_o dispensability_n of_o a_o oath_n whether_o and_o in_o what_o the_o dispensation_n of_o a_o superior_a may_v take_v away_o the_o obligation_n thereof_o dispensation_n as_o the_o word_n be_v common_o take_v signify_v exemption_n of_o a_o person_n from_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n grant_v by_o special_a favour_n of_o he_o who_o be_v in_o authority_n as_o if_o a_o man_n who_o be_v subject_a to_o any_o law_n shall_v by_o especial_a grace_n of_o his_o prince_n be_v exempt_v from_o obedience_n unto_o that_o law_n as_o we_o see_v daily_o practise_v in_o university_n where_o upon_o reasonable_a ground_n dispensation_n be_v usual_o grant_v unto_o particular_a person_n whereby_o they_o be_v in_o some_o thing_n free_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o statute_n now_o the_o right_n of_o dispensation_n be_v found_v upon_o that_o equity_n which_o require_v that_o sometime_o the_o rigour_n of_o law_n be_v in_o some_o thing_n remit_v to_o the_o end_n that_o equity_n may_v not_o be_v exclude_v for_o see_v law_n be_v of_o necessity_n make_v in_o general_a term_n and_o have_v regard_n unto_o that_o which_o be_v common_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n good_a and_o profitable_a for_o the_o public_a which_o nevertheless_o pro_fw-la hic_fw-la &_o nunc_fw-la may_v happen_v to_o be_v unprofitable_a or_o at_o the_o least_o less_o convenient_a it_o therefore_o seem_v good_a where_o that_o which_o be_v establish_v by_o law_n appear_v to_o be_v exceed_o burdensome_a or_o inconvenient_a to_o some_o private_a person_n and_o the_o public_a to_o receive_v no_o great_a detriment_n by_o the_o omission_n thereof_o that_o the_o prince_n or_o other_o legitimate_a superior_a shall_v have_v power_n to_o determine_v that_o the_o law_n in_o such_o case_n be_v not_o to_o be_v observe_v and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o in_o law_n we_o call_v dispensation_n now_o what_o power_n be_v in_o secular_a prince_n to_o dispense_v with_o their_o law_n the_o same_o do_v the_o pope_n of_o rome_n arrogate_v to_o themselves_o in_o dispense_n with_o vow_n and_o oath_n who_o impudence_n in_o this_o kind_n while_o they_o absolve_v subject_n of_o their_o allegiance_n to_o king_n incumbent_a league_n and_o contract_n make_v by_o prince_n untie_v the_o straight_a knot_n of_o vow_n and_o oath_n by_o commutation_n relaxation_n dispensation_n contrary_a command_n or_o other_o artifices_fw-la at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o for_o their_o profit_n i_o can_v wish_v some_o who_o
most_o just_o condemn_v do_v not_o most_o wicked_o imitate_v but_o though_o other_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la exercise_v this_o power_n of_o dispense_n with_o oath_n yet_o the_o pope_n only_o challenge_v it_o unto_o himself_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la many_o even_o before_o luther_n have_v grievous_o complain_v of_o this_o thing_n and_o sharp_o inveigh_v against_o the_o abuse_n of_o papal_a dispensation_n unto_o who_o write_n i_o refer_v the_o studious_a and_o betake_v myself_o by_o some_o argument_n to_o prove_v the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n simple_o indispensable_a so_o that_o no_o power_n at_o all_o of_o dispense_n with_o it_o be_v either_o in_o pope_n or_o any_o other_o first_o because_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v of_o divine_a natural_a law_n but_o natural_a law_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o humane_a power_n see_v god_n alone_o be_v the_o author_n and_o lord_n of_o nature_n nor_o can_v it_o ever_o yet_o be_v show_v that_o god_n have_v grant_v unto_o any_o kind_n or_o order_n of_o man_n authority_n to_o dispense_v with_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n second_o because_o this_o power_n of_o dispensation_n be_v grant_v the_o chief_a end_n of_o a_o oath_n which_o be_v security_n as_o i_o may_v call_v it_o for_o the_o thing_n promise_v will_v utter_o be_v overthrow_v for_o he_o unto_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v can_v have_v no_o assurance_n if_o the_o promise_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v may_v be_v dispense_v with_o that_o it_o shall_v ever_o be_v fulfil_v three_o because_o a_o oath_n in_o that_o very_a act_n and_o instant_n whereby_o it_o impose_v the_o obligation_n of_o swear_v and_o the_o promise_n of_o performance_n acquire_v right_o of_o the_o thing_n promise_v unto_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v which_o two_o effect_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v so_o combine_v that_o the_o one_o grant_v or_o deny_v the_o other_o also_o at_o the_o same_o time_n must_v necessary_o be_v grant_v or_o deny_v wherefore_o suppose_v the_o obligation_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v take_v away_o by_o dispensation_n and_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o right_n of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v be_v also_o take_v away_o by_o the_o same_o and_o far_o that_o such_o dispensation_n must_v be_v either_o needless_a or_o unreasonable_a needless_a and_o superfluous_a if_o it_o be_v do_v with_o his_o consent_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v if_o against_o it_o unreasonable_a and_o unjust_a for_o he_o be_v willing_a the_o obligation_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v may_v be_v remit_v even_o without_o dispensation_n but_o to_o take_v away_o his_o right_n against_o his_o will_n be_v injury_n four_o because_o in_o a_o promissory_a oath_n obligation_n be_v not_o only_o make_v unto_o our_o neighbour_n as_o it_o be_v promissory_a but_o to_o god_n also_o as_o it_o be_v a_o oath_n wherefore_o grant_v which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v that_o superior_n have_v power_n to_o take_v away_o the_o obligation_n whereby_o in_o regard_n of_o promise_n man_n be_v oblige_v to_o man_n yet_o will_v it_o be_v unsupportable_a presumption_n that_o dust_n and_o ash_n shall_v arrogate_v unto_o itself_o authority_n to_o take_v away_o the_o obligation_n whereby_o man_n be_v oblige_v unto_o god_n as_o witness_v and_o revenger_n five_o because_o humane_a dispensation_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o external_a judicature_n but_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v in_o the_o conscience_n within_o which_o be_v subject_a unto_o no_o judge_n but_o god_n and_o belong_v not_o unto_o the_o empire_n of_o man_n wherefore_o he_o who_o claim_v the_o right_a of_o dispense_n with_o oath_n be_v he_o what_o he_o will_v assume_v unto_o himself_o divine_a power_n seat_v himself_o upon_o the_o bench_n of_o internal_a judicature_n and_o exercise_v dominion_n over_o the_o conscience_n and_o such_o dispensation_n be_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la null_n and_o invalid_a even_o as_o that_o sentence_n be_v invalid_a unto_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v give_v by_o a_o judge_n in_o a_o court_n where_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v because_o there_o he_o be_v no_o judge_n sect_n iv._o here_o the_o patron_n of_o dispensation_n be_v wonderful_o perplex_v how_o to_o ward_v the_o blow_n of_o the_o first_o argument_n which_o be_v all_o they_o use_v to_o object_n unto_o themselves_o it_o cost_v they_o much_o sweat_n to_o roll_v this_o stone_n for_o they_o see_v it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o the_o pope_n authority_n which_o lest_o his_o kitchen_n languish_v must_v in_o any_o case_n be_v maintain_v and_o they_o may_v put_v the_o gain_n in_o their_o eye_n see_v they_o can_v find_v wherewithal_o to_o make_v a_o solid_a defence_n nor_o can_v ever_o yet_o agree_v among_o themselves_o by_o what_o right_a the_o pope_n arrogate_v unto_o himself_o this_o power_n of_o dispensation_n which_o one_o thing_n be_v enough_o to_o argue_v they_o conscious_a of_o their_o weak_a pretence_n for_o as_o in_o wage_n war_n so_o in_o exercise_v power_n the_o cause_n which_o be_v not_o stedy_o assert_v may_v well_o be_v presume_v unjust_a some_o deduce_v this_o power_n of_o dispense_n with_o vow_n and_o oath_n from_o the_o absolute_a and_o ecumenical_a authority_n whereby_o the_o pope_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o emperor_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n for_o see_v every_o person_n vow_v or_o swear_v be_v the_o pope_n subject_n this_o condition_n say_v they_o be_v understand_v in_o every_o vow_n or_o oath_n to_o wit_n if_o it_o please_v our_o lord_n the_o pope_n whereupon_o it_o follow_v that_o when_o the_o pope_n signify_v which_o he_o do_v by_o way_n of_o dispensation_n that_o he_o be_v not_o please_v the_o thing_n swear_v shall_v be_v ratify_v the_o obligation_n present_o cease_v which_o opinion_n grant_v the_o pope_n at_o his_o pleasure_n may_v rescinde_v any_o oath_n either_o with_o just_a cause_n or_o without_o it_o wherefore_o this_o reject_v as_o too_o gross_a other_o and_o among_o they_o some_o modern_a jesuit_n deny_v that_o the_o pope_n can_v dispense_v with_o oath_n or_o dissolve_v royal_a contract_n or_o that_o he_o ever_o do_v it_o proper_o that_o be_v by_o take_v away_o the_o obligation_n or_o the_o obligation_n remain_v by_o exempt_n any_o private_a person_n from_o the_o same_o but_o they_o say_v that_o he_o dispense_v only_o improper_o that_o be_v by_o declare_v the_o oath_n in_o that_o case_n not_o obligatory_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o hindrance_n of_o some_o good_a or_o consequence_n of_o some_o ill_n if_o the_o oath_n shall_v be_v keep_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a beside_o the_o evidence_n of_o his_o practice_n which_o show_v that_o the_o pope_n exercise_v in_o this_o matter_n more_o than_o declaratory_a power_n or_o which_o come_v to_o as_o much_o under_o pretence_n of_o declaratory_a power_n can_v determine_v of_o league_n vow_n oath_n contract_n between_o king_n or_o any_o other_o at_o his_o discretion_n be_v in_o this_o case_n supreme_a and_o sole_a judge_n who_o sentence_n must_v be_v obey_v without_o appeal_n it_o be_v worthy_a consideration_n first_o that_o either_o the_o cause_n be_v manifest_o just_a why_o a_o thing_n promise_v by_o oath_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v perform_v as_o if_o it_o be_v impossible_a dishonest_a or_o any_o way_n unlawful_a and_o then_o the_o party_n swear_v may_v of_o his_o own_o authority_n nay_o aught_o withoutwaiting_a for_o dispensation_n from_o the_o pope_n or_o any_o other_o to_o retract_v the_o thing_n swear_v for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o obligation_n the_o conscience_n be_v free_a and_o need_v no_o dispensation_n or_o second_o that_o no_o just_a cause_n appear_v why_o the_o oath_n shall_v not_o be_v keep_v and_o then_o it_o must_v be_v keep_v and_o he_o who_o either_o ask_v or_o grant_v dispensation_n sin_v because_o the_o obligation_n which_o neither_o can_v nor_o may_v be_v remove_v by_o humane_a power_n remain_v or_o last_o that_o the_o thing_n be_v doubtful_a and_o appear_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o difficulty_n on_o both_o side_n whether_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n and_o then_o it_o will_v be_v profitable_a to_o consult_v with_o pious_a and_o prudent_a man_n skilful_a in_o divine_a law_n and_o to_o resolve_v with_o their_o advice_n what_o be_v most_o expedient_a in_o which_o matter_n see_v knowledge_n be_v more_o requisite_a than_o power_n i_o understand_v not_o why_o the_o pope_n shall_v be_v fit_a than_o another_o man_n unless_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o pope_n excel_v other_o man_n in_o prudence_n and_o piety_n for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o credible_a certain_o be_v not_o necessary_a three_o other_o not_o satisfy_v with_o this_o declaratory_a dispensation_n as_o detract_n too_o much_o from_o the_o pope_n authority_n have_v beat_v out_o a_o answer_n of_o wonderful_a subtlety_n that_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n which_o be_v of_o divine_a natural_a law_n may_v
all_o obligation_n both_o towards_o god_n and_o man_n five_o i_o say_v that_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n by_o relaxation_n of_o the_o party_n extend_v so_o far_o as_o please_v the_o party_n relax_v as_o if_o caius_n have_v swear_v to_o pay_v titius_n a_o hundred_o pound_n and_o titius_n have_v afterward_o remit_v fifty_o pound_n the_o obligation_n be_v not_o whole_o absolve_v but_o in_o part_n that_o be_v the_o bond_n as_o to_o the_o fifty_o pound_n remit_v be_v void_a but_o it_o remain_v good_a as_o to_o the_o fifty_o pound_n not_o remit_v again_o if_o caius_n have_v swear_v to_o pay_v titius_n a_o hundred_o pound_n within_o 20_o day_n and_o titius_n perceive_v that_o caius_n can_v without_o inconvenience_n unto_o himself_o pay_v the_o money_n at_o the_o time_n appoint_v give_v he_o other_o twenty_o day_n this_o relaxation_n make_v by_o dilation_n or_o propagation_n of_o the_o time_n remit_v so_o much_o of_o the_o obligation_n that_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n within_o the_o time_n limit_v by_o his_o oath_n yet_o he_o be_v bind_v and_o that_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o first_o oath_n to_o make_v payment_n within_o forty_o day_n six_o i_o say_v that_o relaxation_n by_o a_o party_n be_v of_o force_n so_o far_o as_o that_o party_n be_v concern_v but_o be_v not_o of_o force_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o a_o three_o person_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o any_o man_n may_v by_o act_n remit_v as_o much_o of_o his_o own_o right_a as_o he_o please_v but_o no_o man_n can_v diminish_v the_o right_n of_o another_o without_o his_o knowledge_n and_o against_o his_o will_n let_v man_n therefore_o so_o recede_v from_o their_o own_o that_o the_o right_n of_o other_o receive_v no_o detriment_n thus_o abraham_n gen._n 14._o recede_v from_o his_o right_n when_o after_o the_o victory_n win_v upon_o the_o four_o king_n he_o bestow_v his_o whole_a share_n of_o the_o spoil_n upon_o the_o king_n of_o sodom_n reserve_v unto_o the_o three_o commander_n his_o fellow_n in_o arm_n their_o due_a proportion_n whence_o caius_n swear_v to_o pay_v a_o hundred_o pound_n unto_o titius_n and_o julius_n if_o titius_n pardon_v he_o his_o part_n of_o the_o debt_n he_o be_v absolve_v as_o to_o that_o which_o be_v due_a unto_o titius_n but_o remain_v bind_v as_o to_o that_o which_o be_v due_a unto_o julius_n upon_o the_o same_o ground_n relaxation_n by_o consent_n of_o the_o party_n avail_v nothing_o in_o contract_n of_o marriage_n because_o therein_o man_n profit_n be_v not_o regard_v only_o but_o the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n also_o to_o who_o great_a injury_n will_v be_v do_v if_o that_o contract_n though_o with_o mutual_a consent_n of_o the_o party_n shall_v be_v violate_v for_o the_o virtue_n and_o and_o efficacy_n which_o this_o relaxation_n whereof_o we_o now_o speak_v have_v to_o nats_n obligation_n suppose_v that_o act_n which_o introduce_v obligation_n to_o have_v consider_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o good_a and_o profit_v only_o of_o the_o party_n relax_v if_o any_o other_o party_n be_v by_o right_a of_o his_o own_o interest_v that_o the_o obligation_n shall_v not_o be_v remit_v the_o obligation_n be_v not_o remit_v sect_n ix_o now_o the_o sum_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v solution_n of_o the_o bond_n in_o a_o oath_n be_v brief_o this_o that_o the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n can_v be_v release_v by_o dispensation_n of_o any_o superior_a or_o commutation_n so_o as_o to_o free_v the_o conscience_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v from_o performance_n of_o the_o promise_n but_o may_v nevertheless_o be_v rescind_v and_o make_v void_a by_o a_o superior_a have_v lawful_a authority_n cease_v through_o defect_n of_o the_o matter_n or_o be_v relax_v by_o he_o unto_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v so_o as_o to_o lose_v all_o strength_n of_o obligation_n the_o promise_n which_o i_o make_v at_o my_o entrance_n upon_o the_o office_n of_o public_a professor_n be_v now_o by_o god_n assistance_n perform_v according_a to_o my_o talon_n with_o as_o much_o brevity_n perspicuity_n and_o fidelity_n as_o i_o have_v be_v able_a i_o think_v fit_a to_o add_v some_o few_o admonition_n concern_v the_o use_n and_o abuse_v of_o oath_n as_o corollary_n whereby_o our_o life_n and_o conscience_n may_v be_v profitable_o direct_v not_o by_o way_n of_o exhortation_n as_o they_o use_v in_o sermon_n but_o remember_v i_o teach_v in_o the_o school_n and_o not_o in_o the_o church_n by_o way_n of_o thesis_n or_o practical_a conclusion_n brief_o propose_v and_o clear_o explain_v sect_n x._o the_o first_o conclusion_n be_v against_o anabaptist_n and_o socinian_o that_o the_o use_n of_o oath_n be_v lawful_a i_o prove_v it_o first_o by_o the_o practice_n in_o the_o old_a testament_n the_o godly_a patriarch_n swear_v controversy_n be_v determine_v by_o oath_n according_a to_o the_o institution_n of_o moses_n in_o the_o law_n the_o prophet_n prescribe_v the_o condition_n of_o oath_n to_o be_v observe_v nor_o can_v any_o just_a reason_n be_v render_v why_o this_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o pious_a under_o the_o old_a and_o not_o for_o the_o faithful_a under_o the_o new_a testament_n see_v it_o be_v apparent_a from_o the_o end_n of_o a_o oath_n who_o use_n be_v perpetual_a that_o it_o appertain_v not_o unto_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n abrogate_a by_o christ_n and_o from_o the_o form_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v nothing_o common_a with_o the_o type_n i_o prove_v it_o second_o by_o the_o example_n of_o god_n of_o angel_n of_o apostle_n those_o be_v often_o introduce_v in_o holy_a scripture_n swear_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n these_o historical_o three_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n who_o direct_v by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n have_v judge_v the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n for_o the_o convenience_n of_o civil_a society_n the_o sure_a confirmation_n of_o faith_n than_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o clear_a discovery_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n four_o from_o the_o end_n of_o a_o oath_n which_o be_v the_o confinmation_n of_o truth_n in_o doubtful_a matter_n where_o all_o other_o proof_n be_v defiâ—int_a which_o end_n see_v it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o compose_n and_o determination_n of_o controversy_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o necessary_a mean_n unto_o the_o end_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o least_o lawful_a five_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o oath_n contain_v nothing_o in_o itself_o which_o be_v intrinsical_o evil_a for_o neither_o be_v a_o religious_a act_n evil_a nor_o the_o confirmation_n of_o a_o doubtful_a thing_n evil_a nor_o invocation_n of_o divine_a testimony_n evil_a of_o which_o member_n the_o essential_a definition_n of_o a_o oath_n consist_v sect_n xi_o the_o second_o conclusion_n the_o use_n of_o oath_n in_o common_a discourse_n be_v unlawful_a the_o first_o proof_n be_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o oath_n because_o every_o religious_a act_n be_v a_o part_n of_o divine_a wotship_n ought_v to_o be_v perform_v with_o due_a reverence_n and_o with_o some_o both_o preparation_n and_o attention_n all_o which_o must_v needs_o be_v far_o off_o when_o oath_n be_v rash_o scatter_v without_o judgement_n or_o heedless_o without_o consideration_n the_o second_o from_o the_o end_n which_o be_v the_o confirmation_n of_o a_o doubtful_a business_n see_v our_o ordinary_a discourse_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o frivolous_a matter_n which_o either_o be_v not_o doubtful_a or_o not_o of_o moment_n to_o require_v religious_a confirmation_n or_o if_o they_o be_v will_v be_v little_o more_o credit_v for_o his_o oath_n who_o make_v swear_v his_o common_a custom_n for_o such_o will_v be_v assoon_o believe_v if_o that_o which_o they_o say_v seem_v true_a without_o a_o oath_n or_o if_o otherwise_o no_o whit_n the_o soon_o for_o swear_v the_o three_o from_o the_o cause_n whence_o such_o kind_n of_o oath_n be_v derive_v which_o be_v either_o a_o vicious_a habit_n contract_v by_o long_a and_o pernicious_a custom_n which_o habit_n be_v the_o fruit_n and_o mark_v of_o a_o profane_a if_o not_o atheistical_a heart_n or_o some_o exorbitant_a perturbation_n of_o the_o mindâ—_n as_o excessive_a anger_n intemperate_a joy_n with_o which_o while_o the_o mind_n boil_v the_o mouth_n foam_v to_o the_o dishonour_n of_o god_n and_o at_o which_o those_o word_n of_o james_n seem_v peculiarly_a to_o aim_v chap._n 5._o vers_fw-la 1â—_n but_o above_o all_o thing_n my_o brethren_n swear_v not_o neither_o by_o heaven_n neither_o by_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o forego_n verâ—es_n he_o exhort_v the_o faithful_a to_o suffer_v injury_n with_o patience_n and_o in_o the_o follow_a uâ—râ—e_n teach_v the_o christian_a how_o to_o entertain_v himself_o whether_o he_o be_v sad_a or_o cheerful_a a_o place_n worthy_a to_o be_v the_o exercise_n of_o learned_a man_n and_o something_o more_o diligent_o consider_v then_o as_o yet_o it_o have_v be_v by_o
interpreter_n perhaps_o this_o cursory_a paraphrase_n upon_o the_o word_n such_o as_o it_o be_v may_v contribute_v something_o towards_o that_o end_n as_o it_o seem_v unto_o i_o they_o express_v thus_o much_o set_a the_o example_n of_o ancient_a prophet_n and_o holy_a man_n before_o your_o eye_n if_o you_o suffer_v adversity_n imitate_v their_o patience_n if_o in_o all_o thing_n you_o can_v attain_v to_o that_o perfection_n yet_o thus_o far_o at_o least_o except_o you_o be_v extreme_a negligent_a you_o may_v go_v with_o ease_n above_o all_o thing_n take_v heed_n lest_o too_o impatient_a of_o your_o grief_n or_o too_o much_o transport_v with_o your_o joy_n you_o break_v forth_o into_o rash_a oath_n to_o the_o dishonour_n of_o god_n and_o shame_n of_o christian_a conversation_n but_o rather_o contain_v yourselves_o whether_o trouble_v or_o rejoice_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o modesty_n mingle_v not_o heaven_n and_o earthâ—_n let_v not_o all_o thing_n be_v fill_v with_o your_o oath_n and_o clamour_n if_o you_o affirm_v orderly_o a_o thing_n let_v it_o be_v with_o calmness_n and_o a_o mere_a affirmation_n or_o negation_n but_o if_o either_o of_o these_o passion_n be_v more_o impetuous_a and_o strive_v to_o overflow_v the_o narrow_a channel_n of_o your_o bosom_n it_o will_v be_v your_o wisdom_n to_o let_v it_o forth_o unto_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n do_v you_o demand_v by_o what_o mean_n i_o will_v tell_v you_o be_v any_o among_o you_o afflict_v let_v not_o his_o impatience_n break_v forth_o into_o oath_n and_o blasphemy_n the_o floodgate_n of_o wrath_n but_o rather_o let_v he_o pray_v and_o humble_o implore_v god_n that_o he_o will_v vouchsafe_v he_o patience_n till_o his_o heavy_a hand_n be_v remove_v be_v any_o merry_a let_v he_o not_o bellow_v it_o forth_o in_o oath_n like_o a_o bacchanalian_a but_o rather_o sing_v it_o in_o hymn_n and_o psalm_n unto_o the_o praise_n of_o god_n who_o have_v make_v his_o cup_n to_o overflow_v and_o crown_v he_o with_o happy_a day_n if_o any_o man_n admit_v not_o this_o latitude_n unto_o the_o apostle_n word_n let_v he_o use_v his_o own_o judgement_n i_o have_v only_o express_v that_o which_o i_o think_v probable_a and_o give_v no_o man_n law_n but_o to_o return_v if_o i_o have_v digress_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o word_n of_o james_n altogether_o condemn_v that_o evil_a custom_n which_o be_v now_o grow_v among_o high_a and_o low_o man_n of_o all_o sort_n inveterate_a it_o will_v cost_v i_o many_o leaf_n to_o sum_n up_o that_o which_o have_v be_v declare_v against_o this_o impious_a use_n by_o holy_a father_n ancient_a doctor_n of_o all_o nation_n hebrew_n greek_n latin_n yea_o even_a heathen_n of_o many_o take_v a_o few_o sirach_n the_o wise_a of_o the_o hebrew_n accustom_v not_o thy_o mouth_n to_o swear_v as_o a_o servant_n that_o be_v continual_o beat_v shall_v not_o be_v without_o a_o blue_a mark_n so_o he_o that_o swear_v and_o name_v god_n continual_o shall_v not_o be_v faultless_a a_o man_n that_o use_v much_o swear_v shall_v be_v fill_v with_o iniquity_n among_o the_o greek_n eusebius_n the_o heathen_a philosopher_n many_o say_v he_o exhort_v man_n to_o swear_v the_o truth_n but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o man_n ought_v not_o easy_o to_o swear_v at_o all_o among_o the_o latin_n augustine_n beware_v of_o oath_n as_o much_o as_o you_o may_v because_o it_o be_v better_a not_o to_o swear_v though_o a_o truth_n not_o that_o it_o be_v sin_n to_o swear_v truth_n but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o most_o grievous_a one_o to_o swear_v falsehood_n into_o which_o he_o may_v the_o soon_o fall_v who_o accustome_v himself_o to_o swear_v and_o in_o another_o place_n a_o false_a oath_n be_v destructive_a and_o even_o a_o true_a one_o dangerous_a but_o what_o need_n be_v there_o of_o other_o testimony_n see_v this_o daily_a and_o unnecessary_a use_n of_o swear_v be_v so_o positive_o forbid_v as_o scarce_o any_o thing_n more_o in_o holy_a scripture_n by_o christ_n himself_o but_o i_o say_v unto_o you_o swear_v 34._o not_o at_o all_o and_o by_o his_o apostle_n st._n james_n in_o the_o place_n cite_v above_o all_o thing_n swear_v not_o sect_n xii_o the_o three_o conclusion_n a_o oath_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v make_v but_o upon_o a_o just_a weighty_a and_o necessary_a occasion_n a_o oath_n be_v of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v neither_o evil_n in_o themselves_o as_o murder_v sacrilege_n perjury_n and_o all_o other_o vice_n be_v nor_o of_o those_o which_o be_v desirable_a of_o themselves_o as_o deed_n of_o charity_n justice_n obedience_n and_o all_o other_o virtue_n but_o of_o such_o as_o be_v good_a only_o because_o necessary_a by_o hypothesis_n and_o for_o their_o end_n and_o not_o desirable_a but_o in_o order_n unto_o that_o end_n of_o which_o sort_n be_v all_o those_o which_o be_v ordain_v for_o the_o redress_n of_o some_o defect_n as_o physic_n for_o as_o a_o medicine_n be_v not_o invent_v for_o itself_o but_o for_o health_n and_o as_o there_o will_v be_v no_o use_n thereof_o if_o man_n body_n be_v not_o obnoxious_a unto_o disease_n honour_n the_o physician_n for_o necessity_n sake_n so_o a_o oath_n be_v institute_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o faith_n among_o man_n nor_o will_v be_v of_o any_o use_n if_o mankind_n be_v not_o alas_o too_o subject_a unto_o ignorance_n and_o perfidy_n which_o perhaps_o be_v our_o saviour_n meaning_n by_o those_o word_n matth._n 5._o 37._o come_v of_o evil_a wherefore_o as_o the_o use_n of_o physic_n where_o it_o seem_v not_o necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n and_o health_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v so_o oath_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v avoid_v where_o necessary_a preservation_n of_o humane_a society_n and_o confirmation_n of_o faith_n seem_v not_o to_o require_v they_o that_o admonition_n of_o epictetus_n as_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o stoic_a be_v wholesome_a avoid_v a_o oath_n if_o you_o can_v whole_o if_o not_o as_o much_o you_o may_v a_o oath_n be_v a_o sacred_a thing_n but_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o sacred_a by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o dangerous_a if_o undue_o take_v as_o medicine_n of_o the_o great_a virtue_n and_o efficacy_n be_v the_o more_o hurtful_a unto_o the_o body_n if_o rash_o and_o unskilful_o administer_v the_o use_n of_o assertory_n oath_n be_v necessary_a in_o commonwealth_n especial_o in_o court_n of_o justice_n for_o the_o investigation_n of_o truth_n in_o matter_n of_o particular_a fact_n whereunto_o belong_v oath_n witness_n compurgator_n etc._n etc._n in_o extrajudiciall_a and_o private_a business_n it_o be_v not_o so_o frequent_a yet_o it_o may_v be_v sometime_o necessary_a to_o wit_n where_o it_o concern_v a_o man_n very_o much_o to_o be_v believe_v and_o he_o can_v be_v believe_v except_o he_o swear_v the_o promissory_a oath_n be_v of_o no_o use_n in_o justice_n but_o of_o very_o great_a in_o extrajudicials_n both_o public_a and_o private_a first_o public_a to_o keep_v subject_n in_o allegiance_n unto_o their_o prince_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o league_n and_o contract_n of_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o observation_n of_o law_n and_o statute_n and_o consequent_o honour_n order_n and_o peace_n of_o politic_a body_n and_o society_n for_o the_o faithful_a administration_n of_o public_a office_n and_o the_o like_a and_o also_o private_a as_o the_o ancient_n often_o use_v it_o for_o establishment_n of_o contract_n performance_n of_o condition_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n payment_n of_o debt_n restitution_n loan_z profit_n trust_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o most_o matter_n of_o private_a concernment_n other_o way_n may_v be_v take_v with_o less_o scruple_n of_o conscience_n and_o better_a assurance_n against_o the_o perfidy_n of_o wicked_a man_n as_o pawn_n feoffee_n bond_n witness_n and_o other_o judicial_a obligation_n and_o where_o such_o may_v be_v convenient_o use_v it_o be_v best_o to_o abstain_v altogether_o from_o oath_n lest_o by_o frequent_a swear_n and_o upon_o slight_a occasion_n the_o too_o familiar_a use_n of_o a_o thing_n so_o sacred_a degenerate_a into_o contempt_n or_o while_o we_o practise_v swear_v we_o learn_v perjury_n augustine_n say_v true_o except_o a_o man_n have_v try_v he_o can_v know_v how_o hard_o a_o thing_n it_o be_v to_o shake_v off_o the_o custom_n of_o swear_v and_o not_o to_o do_v that_o rash_o which_o sometime_o he_o must_v do_v necessary_o sect_n xiii_o the_o four_o conclusion_n it_o be_v a_o grievous_a sin_n undue_o to_o exact_v a_o oath_n now_o he_o exact_v undue_o first_o who_o compel_v another_o to_o take_v a_o oath_n which_o be_v neither_o ordain_v by_o the_o law_n nor_o receive_v by_o custom_n nor_o establish_v by_o undenyed_a prescription_n without_o intermission_n second_o who_o exact_v a_o oath_n evident_o repugnant_a or_o which_o seem_v by_o that_o sense_n which_o the_o word_n bear_v according_a to_o their_o use_n in_o