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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A02299	Archontorologion, or The diall of princes containing the golden and famous booke of Marcus Aurelius, sometime Emperour of Rome. Declaring what excellcncy [sic] consisteth in a prince that is a good Christian: and what euils attend on him that is a cruell tirant. Written by the Reuerend Father in God, Don Antonio of Gueuara, Lord Bishop of Guadix; preacher and chronicler to the late mighty Emperour Charles the fift. First translated out of French by Thomas North, sonne to Sir Edward North, Lord North of Kirthling: and lately reperused, and corrected from many grosse imperfections. With addition of a fourth booke, stiled by the name of The fauoured courtier.; Relox de príncipes. English	Guevara, Antonio de, Bp., d. 1545?; Munday, Anthony, 1553-1633.; North, Thomas, Sir, 1535-1601?; Guevara, Antonio de, Bp., d. 1545? Aviso de privados. English.	1619 (1619)	STC 12430; ESTC S120712	985,362	801

But of those two the worst is too soone For if by determining late a man looseth that which he might haue gotten by determining too soone that is lost which is now gained and that which a man might haue gained To men which are too hasty chance daylie manie euills and daungers as saith the old prouerbe The hasty man neuer wanteth woe For the man being vnpacient and hauing his vnderstanding high afterwards come quarrels and brawlings displeasures varieties and also vanities which loseth their goods and putteth their persons in danger Sith all naturally desire to bee happie hee alone amongst all others may be called happie of whom they may truely say Hee gaue good doctrine to liue lest good example to dye These and many other sentences of Phalaris the Tyrant wrote in his Letters whereof Cicero profited much in his works and Seneca also in his Epistles and manie other writers besides For this Tyraunt was verie briefe in wordes and compendious in Sentences This Phalaris being in his Cittie of Agrigentine a Phylosopher of Greece wrote him a taunting Letter charging him with Tyrannie to which he made answere with this Letter following The Letter of Phalaris the Tyrant to Popharco the Phylosopher PHalaris Agrigentine wisheth vnto thee Popharco the Phylosopher health and consolation through the comfortable Gods I receyued thy Letter heere in Agrigentine and though it sauoured somewhat Satyr-like I was not agrieued therewith For of Phylysophers and Sages as thou art wee should not bee grieued with the sharpe wordes you tell vs but onely to consider the intention whervpō you speake them Quarrellers malicious persons will haue the words by weight and measute but the vertuous and patient men do not regard but the intentions For if wee should goe about to examine euery word they speake vnto vs wee should giue our selues to much paine and we should alwayes set in the Common-wealth debate I am a Tyrant and as yet am in tyrannie but I sweare vnto the immortal gods whether the words were good or bad I neuer altered it For if a good man tell it mee I take it for my pastime Thou writest vnto me that all Greece is offended with mee there but I let thee vnderstand that all Agrigentine is all edified with thee here And thereof thou maist praise mee For if the Tyrants were not so much dispraysed the Phylosophers should not be so well loued Thou art counted for good and art good and I am counted for euill and am euill But in mine opinion thou shuldst not be proud for the one neither I should dispaire for the other For the day of the life is long and therein Fortune doth many things and it may wel be that from a tyrant I shall be a Phylosopher and thou from a phylosopher shalt be a tirant See my Friend that the long time maketh oftentimes the Earth to be turned to siluer and the siluer and Gold becommeth nothing worth I meane that there neuer was a tirant in any realme but that first he had bene brought vp in the studie of Greece I will not denie that all the renowmed Tyrants haue not bin nourished in Scictle but also thou shalt not deny me that they were not borne in Greece Therefore see and beholde to whom the faulte is from the mother which bare them or from the Nurse which gaue them sucke I doe not say that it shall bee but I say that it may well be that if I were there in Greece I should bee a better philosopher then thou and if thou wert heere in Agrigentine thou wouldest be a worser Tyrant then I. I would thou shouldest think that thou mightest be better in Greece where thou art that I might be worse in Agrigentine where I am For that thou dost not so much good as thou mightest do and I doe not so much euil as I may doe The cunning man Perillus came into these parts and hath made a Bull wherin he hath put a kind of torment the most fearfullest in the world and truely I caused that that which his malice had inuented should be of none other then of himselfe experimēted For there is no iuster law that when any workmā hath inuented Engins to make other men die then to put them to the torments by them inuented to know the experience in themselues I beseech thee hartily to come see me and be thou assured thou shalt make me good For it is a good signe for the sick when he acknowledgeth his sicknes to the phisitian I say no more to thee but that once againe I returne to solicite thee that thou failest not to come see mee for in the ende if I doe not profite of thee I am sure thou shalt profite by me if thou winnest I cannot lose CHAP. XLVII How Philip K of Macedonie Alexander the great the K Ptolomeus the K Antigonus the K Archelaus Pirrus K of the Epirotes were all great louers and friendes of the Sages IF Quintus Curtius deceiue me not the great Alexāder sonne to k. Philip of Macedonie did not deserue to bee called great for that hee was accompanied with thousands of men of Warre but onely hee wanne the renowne of Great for that hee had more Phylosophers on his Counsell then all other Princes had This great Prince neuer tooke vpon him Warres but that first the order of executing the same should before his presence be examined of the Sages and wise Phylosophers And truely hee had reason for in affayres where good counsells haue proceeded they may alwayes looke for a good ende These Hystoriographers which wrote of great Alexander as well the Grecians as the Latines knowe not whether the fiercenesse wherewith he strooke his Enemyes was greater or the humanity wherewith hee embraced his counsel Though the sage philosophers which so accompanyed the great Alexander were manie in number yet notwithstanding amongst all those Aristotle Anaxarcus and Onesichrates were his most familiars And heerein Alexander shewed himselfe very wise For wise Princes ought to take the counsell of manie but they ought to determine and conclude vpon the opinion of fewe The great Alexander did not content himselfe to haue Sages with him neyther to send onely to desire those which were not his but oftentimes himself in person would go see them visite them and counsell with them Saying That the Princes which are the seruants of Sages come to be made Maisters and Lordes ouer all In the time of Alexander Magnus Diogenes the philosopher liued who neither for intreatie nor yet for any promises that were made would come for to see Alexander the Great Wherefore Alexander the Great went for to see him and when hee had desired him that hee would goe with him and accompany him Diogenes answered O Alexander since that thou wilt winne honour in keeping of men in thy company it is not reason then that I should loose it to forsake my studie For in following of

was brought vp in the palace of Adrian my Lord whose name was Aristonocus of his bodie he was of meane stature leane of face and also he was of an vnknowne countrey but he had such a pleasaunt tongue that though he had made an oration in the Senate of three hours long there was no man but willingly were desirous to heare him For in the olde time if hee that made an Oration in the Senate were eloquent in his speach he was hearde no lesse then if god Apollo had spoken himselfe This Phylosopher Aristonocus was on the one parte so gentle in his speech and on the other part so dissolute in his life that hee neuer spake worde to the Senate but it deserued eternall memorie and out of that place they neuer sawe him doe good workes but it merited grieuous punishment As I haue saide though in that time I was yong yet I remember that to see this phylosopher so lost all the people did pittie and the worst of all was that they neuer hoped for his amendment since daily more and more hee lost his honour For there is no man that by is Eloquence may haue such renowme but in the ende hee may lose it againe by his euill life Now I aske you my Friendes sith you are in the reputation of Sages which was better or to say better which had beene lesse enuyed that this Phylosopher had beene a simple man and of good life then to bee as he was a man of high eloquence and of euill condition It was vnpossible if hee had once hearde of mee that which many times I haue heard say of him that he had not counselled me yea and further to doe it he had constrained me rather to chuse the graue then to liue in Rome with infamie For he is vnworthie to liue amongst men whose words of all are approued and his workes of all condemned The first Dictator in Rome was Largius and the first Lord of the knights was Spurius And from the time of the first Dictatour vntill the time of Sylla Iulius which were the first tyrants were foure hundred and fiftie yeares in the which space we neuer read that any philosopher spake any vain words nor yet committed any sclaunderous deedes And if Rome had done any otherwise it had bin vnworthie of such praise and estimation as it had for it is vnpossible that the people bee well gouerned if the Sages which gouern them are in their liues dissolute I protest to the immortall Gods and sweare by the faith of a Christian that whē I consider that which at this present with mine eyes I see I cānot but sigh for that is past and weep for that which is present That is to say to see then how the Armyes fought to see how the young men trauelled to bee good to see how well Princes gouerned to see the obedience of the people and aboue all it was a maruellous thing to see the liberties and fauours which the sages had the subjection small estimation that the simple people were in And now by our euill fortune we see the cōtrary in these our wofull times so that I cannot tel whether first I should bewaile the vertues and Noblenesse of them that are past or the vices and infamies of these which are present For wee neuer ought to cease from praising the goodnes of the good nor to cease from reprouing the wickednes of the euill Oh that I had been in that glorious world to see so honorable and auncient Sages to gouerne in pleasure and for the contrary what griefe and pittie shame and dishonour is it to see now so many dissolute Sages and so many young and busie heads the which as I haue saide doe destroy all Rome and slaunder all Italie and dishonor themselues For the want of vertue which in them aboundeth and endamageth the Common-wealth and as the other vices wherewith they are replenished corrupteth the people in such sorte that the weale publique is more dishonored through the dissolute life of them then it is anoyed by the weapons of their enemyes I say againe and repeate my friends that the prosperitie of Rome endured 400. and xv yeares in the which time there was a great maiesty of works and a maruellous simplicitie of words and aboue all that the best that it had was that it was rich of the good and vertuous men and poore of euill and vicious loyterers For in the ende that Citie cannot be called prosperous which hath in it manie people but onely that which hath in it fewe vices Speaking therefore more particularly the cause that moued mee to put you from mee is because in the day of the great feast of the god Genius you shewed in the presence of the Senate your little wisedome and your great follie For so much as all men did behold more the lightnes of your person then they did the follyes of the jugglers If perchaunce you shewed your follie to the intent men should thinke that you were familiar in my Royall Pallace I tell you that the errour of your thought was no lesse then the euill example of your worke For no man ought to be so familiar with princes but whether it be in sporte or in earnest he ought to do him reuerēce Since I gaue you leaue to departe I knowe you had rather haue to helpe you in your journey a litle money thē many counsells But I will giue you both that is to say money for to bring you to your journeys end also coūcels to the end ye may liue and maruel not that I giue coūcel to them that haue an office to counsell others for it chanceth oft times that the Physitian doth cure the diseases of others and yet indeed he knoweth not his owne Let therefore the last word and counsell bee when you shall bee in the seruices of Princes and great Lords that first you labour to be coūted honest rather then wise That they doe chuse you rather for quiet men then for busie heades and more for your few wordes then for your much babling for in the pallace of Princes if the wise man be no more then wise it is a great happe if hee bee much esteemed but if he an honest man hee is beloued and well taken of all CHAP. XXXVII That Princes and other noble men ought to ouersee the Tutours of their Children lest they conceale the secrete faults of their Schollers WEe haue before rehearsed what conditions what age and what grauitie Masters ought to haue which should bring vp the children of princes Now reason would we should declare what the counsels should bee that princes should giue to the Masters and Tutors of their children before they ought to giue them any charge And after that it is meete wee declare what the counsell shall be which the Master shall giue to his Disciple hauing the gouernment of him For it is vnpossible there should happen

barbarous people shedding their owne proper bloud And in the hindermost parte of Spaine when those of Seuill had warre with the Gaditanes it chanced that euen in the middest of the time those of Seuill wanted money and two Parasites offered themselues for 2 years to sustaine the warres with their own proper goods so that with the riches of two fooles many wise men were ouercome When the Amazones were Ladies of Asia then they built the great temple of the goddesse Diana And as the histories account only with that they tooke away from a player was builte this noble Temple If the histories of the Egyptians do not deceyue me King Ca●mus who with a 1000. gates built the great City of Thebes for such a building so high and monstrous a City all his subiects together gaue him not so much as two Parasites did alone When the good Emperour Augustus renued the walles of Rome made them of hard stone which before that time were onely of earth and bricke towards such a costly Worke he had more of two Parasites which were drowned then of all the City beside I beeing in the City of Corinthe saw an auncient Tombe wherein the Corinthians say their first King was buried And the Historiographers say that this King was a great wrastler other say hee was a Parasite others say hee was a Iugler but howsoeuer it was he was first a Iester and obtained a Realme in earnest Behold Lambert how they are neglected of the gods and fauoured of fortune and in how little estimation the goods of this life ought to bee esteemed since som by counterfaiting the fooles leaue of them as great memory of their folly as the others doe by their wisedome There is one thing onely of these loyterers that pleaseth me that is to say that in his presence they make euery man laugh with the follyes they speake and after that they are gone all remaine sadde for the money they carrie away Truly it is a iust sentence of the gods that those which haue taken vain pleasures together do weepe afterwards for their losse seuerally At this present I will write no more vnto thee but that I send thee this letter written in Greeke to the end thou maiest reade it to al those of that Isle And thou shalt immediatelie dispatch the ships to the end they carry the prouisions to the men of warre in Illyria Peace bee with thee Lambert health and good fortune to mee Marke The Senate saluteth thee and do send thee the propagation of the gouernement for the next yeare In the Calends of Ianuary thou shalt say Gaude foelix My wife Faustine commendeth her to thee and sendeth thee for thy daughter a rich girdle In payment of thy seruices I do send thee two rich Iewels two light horses and one laden with 4000. Sexterces Marcus of Mount Celio with his owne hand writeth vnto thee CHAP. XLVIII That Princes and Noble men ought to remember that they are mortall and must dye wherein are sundry notable consolations against the feare of death CLeobolus and Biton were the sonnes of a renowmed woman the which was Nunne to the goddesse Iuno when the day of that solemne feast was celebrated her children prepared a Chariot wherein their mother should goe to the Temple For the Greekes had this custome the day that the Priestes went to offer any sacrifice eyther they were carried on mens armes or in Chariots They adorned their temples so well they esteemed their Sacrifices so much and did so much honour their Priests that if any Priest did set his foot on the ground that day they did not permit him to offer any sacrifices to the Gods It chanced as this Nunne went in her Chariot and her children Cleobolus Biton with her the beasts which drew the Chariot suddenly fell down dead ten miles from the Temple of the goddesse Iuno The children seeing the beasts dead and that their mother could not goe a foot and that the Chariot was all ready and that there was no beasts to draw it they as louing children determined to yoake themselues and draw the chariot as if they had been dumb beasts And as the mother carried them nine moneths in her wombe so did they draw her in the chariot x. miles Now for that they passed through infinite numbers of men to the feast of the goddesse Iuno euery man seing Cleobolus and Biton yoked in the Chariot like beasts were greatly amazed saying that these two children deserued with great rewards to be recompenced And truly they sayde iustly and so they deserued it For they deserued as much to be praysed for the example which they shewed to all children to reuerence their parents as for carrying their mother in the Chariot to the Temple So after that the Feast was ended the mother not knowing how to require the benefite of her children with many teares besought the goddesse Iuno that she with the other gods would be contented to giue her two children the best thing that the gods could giue to their friends The Goddesse Iuno answered her that shee was contented to require the other Gods and that they would doe it And the reward was that for this noble fact the gods ordained that Cleobolus and Biton should sleepe one day well and in the morning when they should wake they should dye The mother pittifully bewayling the death of her children and complaining of the gods the Goddesse Iuno sayde vnto her Thou hast no cause why to complaine since wee haue giuen thee that thou hast demaunded hast demaunded that which wee haue giuen thee I am a goddesse and thou art my seruant and therefore the gods haue giuen to thy children the thing which they count most dear which is death For the greatest reuenge which among the gods wee can take of our enemies is to let them liue long and the best thing that we keep for our friends is to make them to die quickely The author of this historie is called Hisearchus in his politikes and Cicero in his first booke of his Tusculanes In the Isle of Delphos where the oracle of the god Apollo was there was a sumptuous Temple the which for want of reparation fell downe to the ground as oftentimes it chanceth to high and sumptuous buildings which from time to time are not repaired For if the walles dungeons Castels and strong houses could speak as well would they complaine for that they doe not renue them as the olde men doe for that wee doe not cherish them Triphon and Agamendo were two noble Personages of Greece and counted for sage and rich men the which went vnto the Temple of Apollo and built it new againe as well with the labour of their persons as with the great expences of their goods When the building was atchieued the god Apollo sayde vnto them that hee remembred well their good seruice wherefore he would they should demaund him any thing in rewarde of

ENTITVLED THE FAuoured Courtyer wherein the Authour sheweth the intent of his worke exhorting all men to studie good and vertuous Books vtterly reiecting all Fables vaine trifling storyes of small doctrine erudition AVlus Gellius in his Booke De noctibus Atticis saith That after the death of the great Poet Homer 7-famous cities of Grece were in great controuersie one with the other each one of them affirming that by reason the bones of the saide Poet was theirs and only appertained to them all 7. taking their oaths that he was not only borne but also nourished broght vp in euery one of thē And this they did Supposing that they neuer had so great honor in any thing but that this was far greater to haue educated so Excellent and rare a Man as hee was Euripides also the phylosopher born and broght vp in Athens trauelling in the realm of Macedonia was suddēly strucken with death which woful newes no soner came to the Athenians eares declared for a truth but with all expedition they dispatched an honorable Embasie only to intreat the Lacedemoniās to be contented to deliuer them the bones of the said phylosopher protesting to them that if they wold frankly grant them they would regratifie that pleasure done them and if they would denie them they should assure themselues they would come and fetch them with the sword in hand K Demetrius helde Rhodes besieged long time which at length he won by force of arms the Rhodiās being so stubborn that they wold not yeeld by composition nor trust to his princely clemencie hee cōmanded to strike off al the Rhodians heads to rase the city to the hard foundations But when he was let vnderstand that there was euen then in the Cittie Prothogenes a Phylosopher and Paynter and doubting least in executing others hee also vnknowne might bee put to the sword reuoked his cruell sentence gaue straight commandement forthwith they should cease to spoile and deface the towne further and also to stay the slaughter of the rest of the Rhodians The diuine Plato beeing in Athens aduertised that in the city of Damasco in the realme of Palestine were certaine bookes of great antiquity which a Philosopher borne of that Country left behind him there when he vnderstood it to be true went thither immediately led with the great desire he had to see them purposely if they did like him afterwards to buy them And when hee saw that neyther at his suit nor at the requests of others he could obtaine them but that he must buy thē at a great price Plato went and solde all his patrimony to recouer them and his owne not being sufficient hee was faine to borrow vpon interest of the commō Treasury to helpe him so that notwithstanding he was so profound and rare a Philosopher as indeed he was yet he would sell all that small substāce hee had onely to see as hee thought some prety new thing more of Philosophy As Ptolomeus Philadelphus king of Egypt not contened to bee so wise in al sciences as he was nor to haue in his Library 8000. bookes as hee had nor to study at the least 4. houres in the day nor ordinarily to dispute at his meales with Philosophers sent neuerthelesse an Ambassage of Noble men to the Hebrewes to desire them they would be contented to send him some of the best learned and wisest men amongst them to teach him the Hebrew tongue and to reade to him the books of their Laws When Alexander the Great was borne his father King Philip wrote a notable letter immediately to Aristotle among other matters hee wrote there were these I let thee to vnderstand O greatest Philosopher Aristotle if thou knowest it not that Olimpius my wife is brought to bedde of a sonne for which incessantly I giue the Gods immortall thankes not so much that I haue a sonne as for that they haue giuen him mee in thy time For I am asassured hee shall profite more with the doctrine thou shalt teach him then he shall preuayle with the Kingdomes I shall leaue him after me Now by the examples aboue recited and by many more wee could alledge wee may easily consider with what reuerence and honour the auncient Kings vsed the learned and vertuous men in their time And wee may also more plainely see it sith then they helde in greater price and estimation the bones of a dead Philosopher then they doe now the doctrine of the best learned of our time And not without iust occasion did these famous and heroycall Princes ioy to haue at home in their houses and abroad with them in the field such wise and learned men whilest they liued and after they were dead to honour their bones and carcases and in doing this they erred not a a iot For whosoeuer accompanieth continuallly with graue and wise men enioyeth this benefit and priuiledge before others that he shall neuer bee counted ignorant of any therfore continuing stil our first purpose let vs say that whosoeuer will professe the company of sober wise men it cannot otherwise be but he must maruellously profit by their cōpany for being in their company they wil put al vain and dishonest thoughts from him they will teach him to subdue resist al sudden passions motions moued of choler by thē they shal win good friends and learn also neuer to be troublesom or enemy to any they will make him forsake all sinne vice declaring to him what good works he shall follow and what hee shall most flye and eschew they will let him vnderstand how hee shall humble and behaue himselfe in prosperity and they will also comfort him in his aduersity to keep him from all sorrow and despaire For though a man be neuer so carefull and circumspect yet hath he hath always need of the councell of another in his affaires if therefore such a person haue not about him good vertuous sage men how can it otherwise bee but that he must stūble oft and fall down right on his face hauing no man to aid or help him Paulus Dyaconus sayth that albeit the Affricanes were wilde and brutish people yet had they notwithstanding a law amongst them that the senators amongst them could chuse no other Senator if at the Election there were not present a philosopher So it hapned on a day amongst the rest that of manie phylosophers they had in Carthage amongst them there was one named Apolonius who ruled for the space of 62. yeares all their Senat with great quyet and to the contentation of all the Senators which to shew themselues thankfull to him erected in the market place so many images of him as hee had gouerned their Common-weale yeares to the ende the fame and memorie of him should bee immortall and yet they did dedicate to their famous Hannibal but one only image and to this Phylosopher they set vp aboue 60. Alexander the great whē he was most