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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09829	The most noble and famous trauels of Marcus Paulus, one of the nobilitie of the state of Venice, into the east partes of the world, as Armenia, Persia, Arabia, Tartary, with many other kingdoms and prouinces. No lesse pleasant, than profitable, as appeareth by the table, or contents of this booke. Most necessary for all sortes of persons, and especially tor trauellers. Translated into English; Travels of Marco Polo. English	Polo, Marco, 1254-1323?; Frampton, John, fl. 1577-1596.	1579 (1579)	STC 20092; ESTC S105055	116,899	196

of many spices that grow there ca. 108. Of the Iland Iocath and of the other two Ilands and of their cōditions cap. 109. Of the kingdome Malenir and of the Iland Pencera and of Iaua the lesse cap. 110. Of the kingdome of Baxina and of the Vnicornes and other beasts cap. 111. Of the kingdome Samara cap. 112. Of the kingdome Lambri and of the kingdome ●amphur and of things found there cap. 113. Of two Ilands and of their sluttish and beastly liuing cap. 114. Of the I le Saylan cap. 115. Of the prouince Moahar in the which there be fiue kingdomes cap. 116. Of the kingdom● Masuli where Adamants and many serpents be found cap. 117. Of the prouince Labe. cap. 118. Of the kingdome Orbay cap. 119. Of the prouince Ch●man and of the people and verye straung● beastes cap. 120. Of the kingdome of Hely and of the straunge beastes whyche are there found cap. 121. Of the kingdome Malibar of the things that be found there cap. 122. Of the kingdome Giesurath and of their euill customs cap. 123. Of the kingdome Thoma and of the kingdom Semebelech which is in India the greater cap. 124 A rehearsal of the things alreadie spoken of cap. 125. Of two Ilands one of men and the other women Christians and how there is much Amber cap. 126. Of the Iland called Escorsia which are Christians and of things that be found there cap. 127. Of the Iland Maydegastar where Elephants and other great nouelties are founde and a birde called Nichia which hath the quilles of his wings of twelue paces in length cap. 128. Of the Iland Tanguibar where there be men like Giants ca. 129 An Epiloge cap. 130. Of Abaxia cap. 131. Of the prouince Aden cap. 132. Of a very mighty king in the North part cap. 133. How the Armynes and other beastes are bought cap. 134. Of the prouince of Russia and of the things that be founde there cap. 135. FINIS TABVLAE The Prologue TO all Princes Lordes Knightes and all other persons that this my Booke shall sée heare or reade health prosperitie and pleasure In thys Booke I do mind to giue knowledge of strange and maruellous things of the world and specially of the partes of Armenia Persia India Tartaria and of many other prouinces and Countreys whiche shall be declared in this worke as they were séene by me Marcus Paulus of the noble Citie of Venice and that which I saw not I declare by report of those that were wise discrete and of good credite but that which I saw I declare as I saw it and that which I knew by others I declare as I heard it And for that this whole worke shall be faithfull and true my intente is not to write any thing but that which is very certaine I do giue you all to vnderstande that sithence the birth of our Sauioure and Lorde Iesus Christ there hathe bin no man Christian nor Heathen that hathe come to the knowledge and sight of so manye diuers maruellous and strange things as I haue séene and hearde whiche I will take in hande the laboure to write as I did sée and heare it For me thinke I shoulde do a great iniurie to the world in not manifesting or declaring the truth And for better information to them that shall reade or heare this worke I do giue you to vnderstand that I trauelled in the foresayd Prouinces and Countreys and did sée those things that I will declare the space of sixe and twentie yeares caused thē to be written to Mayster Vstacheo of Pisa the yeare of our Lorde God .1298 He and I then being prisoners in Ianua raigning in Constantinople the Emperoure Baldouino and in his time in the yeare of oure Lord .1250 Nicholas my father and Mapheo my vncle his brother Citizens of Venice went to Constantinople with their Merchandises And béeyng there a certayne tyme wyth councell of theyr friendes passed wyth such wares and iewels as they had boughte in the Countrey of the Souldan where they were a long time determining to goe forwarde and trauelling a long iourney came to a Citie of the Lorde of the Tartarians which is called Barcacan who was Lord of a greate parte of Tartaria ●urgaria and Asia And this Lord Barcacan tooke greate pleasure to sée my father Nicholas and my Vncle Mapheo and shewed them greate friendship and they presented to hym such iewels as they broughte with them from C●nstantinople who receyued them thankefully and gaue them giftes double the valew whiche they sent into dyuers partes to sell and they remayned in his Courte the space of one yeare in which tyme warres beganne betwéene the sayde Barcacan and Alan Lord of the Tartares of the East and there was betwéene them many great battayles and muche shedding of bloud but in the end the victorie fell to Alan And bycause of these warres my father and vncle coulde not returne the way they went but determined to go forwarde to the Eastward and so to haue returned to Constantinople and following their way came to a Citie in the East partes called Buccata whiche is within the precinct of the East Kingdome And departing from this Citie passed the Riuer which is called Tygris whiche is one of the foure that commeth out of Paradise terrenall and goyng seauentéene dayes iourneys through a Deserte not finding any● Citie or Towne yet méeting with manye companyes of Tartares that went in the fields with their Cattel béeing past thys Desert they came to a great noble Citie called Bocora and the same name hadde that Prouince which the Kyng of that Countrey had and the Citie was called Barache and this is the greatest Citie in Persia. In thys Countrey were these two bréethren thr●e yeares And in this time came an Embassadoure from Hamil Lorde of the Easte whiche wente to the greate Alan Lorde of the Tartares that before was spoken of This Alan is otherwise called the greate Cane Thys Embassadoure maruelled muche to sée these two Bréethren béeyng Christians and tooke greate pleasure at them bycause they hadde neuer before that tyme séene any Christians and sayde to them Friends if you wyll followe or take my councell I will shewe you wayes or meanes whereby you shall gette greate riches and renowme Oure Lorde the King of the T●rtares didde neuer sée anye Christians and hathe great desire to sée of them if you will goe with me I will bring you to his presence where you shall ●aue greate profite and friendshippe of hym They hearing thys determined to goe with hym and trauelling the space of one yeare towardes the East Southeast and after turning to the lefte hande towards the Northeast and after towardes the North in fine they came to the Citie of the great Cane in the whyche trauell they sawe manye straunge and ●aruellous things whyche shall be declared in thys B●●ke And these two bréethren béeyng presented to the great Cane were receyued by him very fauourably shewing

which the great Cane was glad and toke him into his seruice and gaue order to place him in his Court among his Lordes and Gentlemen Here foloweth the discourse of many notable and strange things that the noble and vvorthy Marcus Paulus of the Citie of Venice did see in the East partes of the world ¶ Howe Miser Marco Polo vsed himselfe in the Court of the Great Cane CHAP. 1. MArco Polo learned well not onely the vsed language and conditions of those people but also other thrée languages and coulde write and reade them and by that meanes came in great fauour with the great Cane whose pleasure was to proue what he could do to be sent Embassage and made hym ●is Embassadour in one of his Countreys sixe Monethes ●ourney And he perceyuing the great Cane had greate plea●ure to heare newes and oftentimes would find fault with his Embassadoures and messengers when they coulde not make ●iscourse and tell him newes of the Countreys and places ●hey trauelled into he determined with himselfe to note and ●nderstand in that iourney all that could be spoken as well of ●he Townes Cities and places as also the conditions and ●ualities of the people noting it in writing to be the more ●eadie to make his aunswere if any thing should be demaun●ed of him and at his returne declared to the great Cane the ●unswere of the people of that Countrey to his Embassage ●nd withall declared vnto hym the nature of Countreys ●nd the conditions of the people where he had bin and also ●hat he had heard of other Countreys which pleased well the ●reat Cane and was in great fauoure with him and set great ●ore by him for which cause all the noble men of his Courte ●ad him in great estimation calling him Senior or Lorde He ●as in the greate Canes Court .xvij. yeares and when anye ●reate Embassage or businesse shoulde be done in any of hys Countreys or Prouinces he was alwayes sente wherefore ●iuers great men of the Court did enuie him but he alwayes kepte thys order that whatsoeuer he sawe or heard were 〈◊〉 good or euill hée alwayes wrote it and had it in minde to declare to the great Cane in order The manner and vvayes that the tvvo breethren and Marcus Paulus had for their returne to Venice CHAP. 2. THe sayd Nicholas and Mapheo and Marcus Paulus hauyng bin in the greate Canes Court of a long time demaunded licence for to returne to Venice but he louing and fauouring them so well would not giue them leaue And it fortuned in that time that a Quéene in India dyed whose name was Balgonia and hyr Husbande wa● called Kyng Argon This Quéene ordeyned in hir Testamente that hyr Husbande shoulde not marrie but with one of hyr bloud and kynred and for that cause the sayde Kyng Argon sente hys Embassadors with great honor and companye to the Greate Cane desiring hym to sende hym for to bée hys Wife a Mayde of the lignage of Balgonia his firste Wi●● The names of these Embassadors were called Onlora Apusca and Edilla When these Embassadors arriued at th● Courte they were very well receyued by the Great Ca●● ▪ And after they hadde done theyr message the Greate Ca●● caused to bée called before him a Mayden whiche was called Cozotine of the kindred of Balgonia the whyche was very● fayre and of the age of seauentéene yeares And as she was come before the Great Cane and the Embassadors the great Cane sayde to the Embassadors thys is the Mayden that you demaunde take hyr and carrie hir in a good houre an● wyth thys the Embassadors were very ioyfull and merrie And these Embassadors vnderstandyng of Nicholas and Mapheo and Marcus Paulus Italians which before that tyme ha●● ●one for Embassadors vnto the Indians and were desirous to ●epart from the greate Cane desired hym to gyue them li●ence to goe and accompanye that Lady and the Greate ●ane although not wyth good will but for manners sake and ●lso for honour of the Ladye and for hyr more safegarde in ●assing the Seas bycause they were wise and skilfull menne ●as content they should goe Hovv they sayled to Iaua CHAP. 3. HAuing licence of the Great Cane the sayde Nicholas Mapheo and Marcus Paulus as aforesayde as his custome was gaue them two Tables of golde by the whiche he did signifie that they should passe fréelie through all his prouinces and dominions and that theyr charges should be borne and to be ho●ourably accompanyed And besides this the great Cane sent ●iuers Embassadors to the Pope and to the Frenche King ●nd to the King of Spayne and to many other Prouinces in Christendome and caused to be armed and sette forth foure●éene great Shippes that euery one of them had four Mastes To declare the reason wherefore he did this it were too long ●herefore I let it passe In euery Shippe he put sixe hundreth men and prouision for two yeares In these Shippes wente ●he sayd Embassadors with the Lady and Nicholas and Ma●heo bréethrē and Marcus Paulus aforesayd and sayled thrée Monethes continually and then arriued at an Ilande called ●aua being in the South partes in the which they found mar●ellous and strange things as héereafter shall be declared And departing from this Iland sayling on the Indian Seas ●viij Moneths before they came to the place they would come to founde by the w●y many maruellous and strange things ●s héereafter shall be declared Hovv Nicholas and Mapheo and Marco Polo returned to Venice after they had seene and heard many maruellous thinges CHAP. 4. AFter their arriuall with this foresayde Lady to the Kingdome they went vnto they found that the King Argon was dead and for that cause married that mayde to his sonne and there did gouerne in the roome of the Kyng a Lorde whose name was Archator for bycause the King was very yong And to this Gouernoure or Viceroy was the Embassage declared and of him the two Bréethren and Marco Polo demaunded licence to goe into their Countrey whiche he graunted and withall gaue them foure Tables of gold two of them were to haue Ierfawcons and other Hawkes with them The thirde was to haue Lyons And the fourth was that they shoulde goe frée withoute paying any charges and to be accompanyed and enterteyned as to the Kings owne person And by this commaundement they had company and gard of two hundreth Knightes from Towne to Towne for feare of manye Théeues vppon the wayes and so much they traueiled that they came to Trapesonsia and from thence to Constantinople and so to Nigro Ponte and ●●●al●ie to Venice in the yeare of oure Lord God .1295 This we doe declare for that all men shall knowe that Nicholas and Mapheo bréethren and Marco Polo haue seene hearde and did knowe the maruellous things written in this Booke the which declaring in the name of the Father and the Sonne and the holy Ghost shall be declared as héereafter followeth Of

tye themselues vnto the carte and so hanging dead in the procession accompany theyr Idoll thinking that they cannot doe greater worshippe nor sacrifice vnto their Gods. And they make their solempnity thrée times in a yeare In one time there gather togither all the menne and women and people of all ages washing themselues in the sea or in a riuer hauing all newe apparell doyng nothing else in thrée dayes but feaste daunce and sing Another feaste they celebrate in burning manye lampes within and withoute their Churches burning with oyle of Ioni●lly and the light goeth not oute daye nor nighte In the thirde they doe sette vppe poales like small mastes through all the stréetes and from the toppe vnto the grounde they doe hang very faire clothes wroughte with golde belonging vnto their Gods and painted and on the topped of these poales al the whole nine dayes that it endureth they do sette a religious man that hathe a benigne and méeke face who suffereth all that paine for to receiue the grace of his God and the people throwe vnto him Orrenges Lemmons and other like fruites and he suffereth it all with patience There bée other thrée solempne dayes that they doe caste Saffron water vppon those that passe throughe the stréetes and manye laughe at it They doe celebrate their weddings wyth banquets songs trumpets and instrumentes muche like vnto ours sauing Organs whiche they haue not they doe make very sumptuous feasts day and nighte with instrumentes daunces and songs They daunce rounde aboute as wée doe following one after an other in order and twoo of them carrying twoo painted wandes in their handes and as they doe méete they doe chaunge stickes or wandes And Nicholas rehearseth that this was a fayre sighte to beholde They doe vse no Bathes sauing the Indians beyonde Gange The others doe washe themselues manye times of the daye with colde water they haue scant of oile and other fruites of ours as Peaches Peares Cherries Damsons Apples and of Grapes they haue but fewe and as aboue is rehearsed onely in one place And in Puditfetamas a prouince there groweth a certaine trée withoute fruite it groweth thrée cubites aboue grounde and they call it shamefulnesse for when a man commeth vnto it it incloseth the braunches and when he goeth away it spreadeth abroade his braunches ¶ Birengalia is a Mountaine whiche standeth beyonde towards the Septentrion fiftéene dayes iorney It is enuironed with many lakes named Birenegalias whiche are full of venomous beastes and the mountaine standeth daungerous to bée entred by reason of Serpentes And thereon growe the Adamantes and for that menne dare not goe vnto it the pollicie of manne founde a way to enter and to take the Adamantes for there standeth adioyning vnto it an other mountaine being a little higher and in certaine times of the yeare menne goe vppe vnto the toppe of it where they doe kill certaine Oxen that they carrye with them and the péeces of fleshe being hotte and bloudy with certaine Crossebowes for the purpose doe shoote them vppon the toppe of that other mountaine and with the fall it cleaueth faste vnto the Adamantes and then the Bitturs and Eagles that flye in the ayre snatche vppe that fleshe with their clawes or tallants and flye vnto other places where they maye féede vppon it without feare of those Serpentes and so the men finde the stones that fall from the fleshe they doe fynde wyth more ease the pretious stones for they doe digge in sundrye places where they vse to finde suche stone so déepe til they fynde water mingled wyth grauell and then they doe take a syne for that purpose and putte in of the grauell and the water runneth out and kéepe the stones that remaine behind and after this sorte in al these parties they doe vse to finde them and the Maisters that sette to séeke them haue greate care that their seruauntes doe not steale of those stones for they haue those that search all their apparell yea and so neare that they leaue not vnsearched their priuie partes to knowe if they haue hidden any They diuide ●he yeare into twelue moneths as we doe and counte the moneths according to the twelue signes of the Elements They accompte the yeare in diuers manners and the moste parte doe recken it from August for that in the time of Augustus Octauius Caesar there was an vniuersall peace throughoute all the world and they recken from that time .1490 yeares In some regions they haue no money but vse in steade of money a certayne small stone whiche they name Cattes eye and in some other places they do vse péeces of Iron like néedles somewhat bigger In other places they do vse the Kings name written in paper in steade of money In some prouinces of India more within the lande they doe vse Venice duckets of golde and also other mony of two duchettes in one Also they do vse money of siluer and of copper and in other places they doe make certaine péeces of golde and vse them in steade of money The firste Indians in the warres vse dartes swords a defence for their armes like Almaine riuets rounde Targes and bowes The other Indians vse skulles backes and breaste plates The Indians which are beyond vse Crossebowes and gunnes al other ingenious artillerie vsed against Cities These those of the Weaste frée and saye that all other people are blinde sauing they whiche haue twoo eyes and saye that we haue but one signifying that in prudence they do excéede all the worlde And onelye the Cambay●as write in paper and all the reste write vppon leaues of trées and of them make Bookes of a good liking nor yet they write not as we doe nor as the Iewes from one side vnto an other but begin aboue and so write downewardes There be among the Indians diuers languages They haue gret abundaunce of slaues The debtor that can not paye they cause him to serue the creditor he that is accused of any crime there being no certaine witnesse againste him is quitte by his oth they vse thrée manner of othes There commeth the partie before hys Idoll and sweareth by that Idoll that he is not faultie and they haue readye a hotte burnyng Iron like vnto a fishe hooke and cause hym that swore to touch it with his tongue and to licke it and if it doe him no hurte he is quitte And others bring the partie before hys Idoll and cause hym to take that same burning yron in his hande and so to carry it certaine paces and if it hurt him not he is quitte but if it doe he is guiltie The thirde manner of swearing whiche is moste vsed is suche They doe sette before his Idoll a potte full of hote melted butter and he that sweareth not to be guiltie dippeth in two of his fingers into the butter and so wrappeth them with a clowte and sealeth it that it shall not vnloose and at thrée dayes ende they vndoe it and if

knewe this gathered a great hoste and went against thys citie and tooke it perforce and caused to be killed all those that he foun● in the citie men women and children small and gret in the reuenging of his Christians Of the Citie named Singuy and of mano other things there CHAP. 99. SInguy is a very great and a noble citie whiche is .40 miles in compasse There is in this citie people innumerable where you may beléeue that if the people of Mangi were exercised in the feate of warre all the worlde coulde not winne it but they be all Philosophers Phisitions Merchaunts and Artificers very cunning in all artes There be in this Citie .7000 bridges of stone very faire wroughte and vnder any of these bridges there may rowe a Galley and vnder some twoo Galleys maye rowe togither In the mountaines of this Citie groweth Rewbarbe greate plentie and so muche Ginger that for sixe pence they doe giue more than fiue pound of Ginger Vnder this Citie there be .17 Cities greate and fayre In this Citie they do worke greate plentie of cloth of golde silke for that the Citizens there delighte muche to weare suche cloth and of many coloures Of the Citie named Quinsay that is to say the Citie of Heauen which is a hundred miles in compasse hauing twelue thousand Bridges and fourteene Bathes and many other thinges of wonder CHAP. 97. GOing from Singuy and traueling fiue dayes iorney you come vnto a noble and famous Citie named Quinsay that is to say the citie of Heauen This is the noblest Citie of the worlde and the heade Citie of the prouince of Mangi And I Marcus Paulus was in this citie and did learne the customes of it and it was declared vnto me that it was one hundred miles in compasse and 12000. bridges of stone with vaultes and arches so highe that a greate shippe mighte passe vnder and this Citie standeth vppon the water as Ve●i●e doth and the people of this citie euery one of them must vse the science of his fathers and of his predecessors In this Cittie there standeth a lake whiche is in compasse thyrtie myles and in this lake there is builte the fairest Pallaces that euer I saw And in the mids of this lake standeth two Pallac●s wherein they do celebrate all the weddings of that Citie and euer there remayneth within them all the things necessary whiche belong vnto the weddings Also there is rounde aboute this Citie other Cities but they be small ones In this Citie they doe vse money of Tartaria to wit of a Mulbery trée as it is vsed in the great Canes Court and as it is afore mentioned Vppon euerye one of these 12000. bridges of stone continually there standeth watch and warde bycause there shall be no euill done and that the Citie doe not rebell In this citie there is an highe mountaine and vppon it there standeth a very highe Tower and vppon it there is a thing to sounde vppon and it is sounded when there is anye fyre or anye rumour in the Countrey There is be this citie fourtéene Bathes and the great Cane hath great watch and ward in this Citie Of the Citie named Gansu CHAP. 99. BEy●nde Quinsay fiftéene myles bordereth the Occean sea betwéene east and North and there stand●th a Citie named Gansu which hath a fayre porte or hauen and thyther come many ships out of the Indias betwéen the Citie and the Sea runneth a great riuer that passeth through many countries and out that way there go many ships vnto the sea Of the diuision vvhich the great Cane made of the prouince Mangi CHAP. 100. THe prouince Mangi was diuided into 8. kingdomes by the greate Cane and of euery kingdome there is aboute .140 Cities vnder a king There is in all the prouince of Mangi .1202 Cities al subiect vnto the great Cane and al those whiche be borne in this prouince of Mangi are written by dayes and houres that the prouince may knowe the number of that people and that they may not rebel When they do goe on any iourney they consult with the Astrologers and when any dieth the parents do cloth the deade in Canuas and burne the bodies with papers wherevpon is paynted mony horses slaues beastes for their houses apparell wyth all other things for they doe saye that the deade vseth all this in the other worlde and that with the smoke of the deade bodie and of those papers whereon there is paynted all those things rehearsed beléeuing that it goeth all with him into the other world and wh●n they burne those bodies they sing and playe vpon al kinde of instrumentes and musicke that they can finde and saye that in that order and pleasure theyr Gods doe receyue them in the other worlde In this Citie standeth the greate Pallace of Estn●fogi which was Lorde and King of that prouince of Mangi This Pallace is made after this wise it is square and strongly walled tenne myles in compasse It is high and fayre with faire chambers Hals Gardens fruites fountain●s and a lake with many fishes In this Pallace there is twentie Halles wherin there may sitte downe at meales twentie thousand persons by this it may be comprehended how bigge this Citie is In this Citie there is a famous Churche or Temple of Christians Nestorians and euerye one that dwelleth in this Citie hath written his name and of his wife Children menne seruauntes and women seruauntes and horses that he hath in hys house ouer the Porth of his doore Also when there is anye that goeth to another Citie it behoueth that the Inholders that lodge straungers doe bryng a Register vnto the officers appoynted giuyng relation howe long they doe remayne and when they goe away Of the rent vvhich the great Cane hath of the prouince of Quynsay CHAP. 101. SEing I haue declared vnto you of the City and prouince of Quinsay now I wil declare you what rent the greate Cane hath yearely out of this prouince only of the salt euery yere 4500. Hanegs or bushels of Gold and to euery measure goeth 18000. Sazos and euery Sazo of Gold is worth seauen Duckets and of the other rentes ouer and aboue the salte he hath euerye yeare 10000. hanegs of gold Of the Citie named Thampinguy and of many other maruellous things CHAP. 102. GOing from Quinsay trauelling towardes Solano a dayes iourney you do goe by Cities and townes and manye Gardens and at the ende you come vnto the Citie named Thampinguy which is faire and gret hauing abundaunce of all things and it is vnder the Seigniorie of the greate Cane the people are Idolaters and passing other 3. days iourney you come vnto an other citie named Vguy going two days iourney beyond towards Salano or east and by South there is so many Cities townes that he that trauelleth thinketh that he neuer goeth out of townes there is great plentie of all prouision there is Canes great and thicke of foure