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city_n	word_n	world_n	year_n	241	3	4.2448	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A46313	A Journal of the Venetian campaigne, A.D. 1687, under the conduct of the Capt. General Morosini, General Coningsmark, [brace] [brace] Providitor Gen. Cornaro, General Venieri, &c. translated from the Italian original, sent from Venice, and printed by order of the most serene republick.		1688 (1688)	Wing J1107; ESTC R39041	35,865	54

A JOURNAL OF THE Venetian Campaigne A. D. 1687. Under the Conduct of the Capt. General Morosini General Coningsmark Providitor Gen. Cornaro General Venieri c. Translated from the Italian Original sent from Venice and Printed by Order of the most Serene Republick Licensed Decemb. 16. 1687. R. L'ESTRANGE LONDON Printed by H. C. and sold by R. Taylor near Stationers-Hall 1688. To the READER THE famous Sabellicus Bembo and others give this account of the Original of the Venetian Commonwealth In the Year of Christ 421. the Inhabitants of Aqulteia and Padua through dread of the Hunns and finding their own Cities destroy'd betook themselves to Flight and made themselves Masters of the Islands of the Adriatic Sea and retiring first to the upper Shoar now call'd the Rialto there laid the Foundations of Venice The City it self is seated in the inmost recess of the Adriatick Bay containing almost Sixty Islands at a very small distance one from another divided by narrow Eddies running between with a small Mount provided by Provident Nature defends from the Violence of the Sea. It is stor'd with convenient Rivers which import all thiugs as well for Delight as for the Necessities of Mankind The whole City consists of three Ranks of People the Patricians or Gentlemen the Citizens and Mechanics The Supream Power of Government is in the hands of the Patricians It is divided into six Quarters containing Seventy two Companies of Common People One and forty Religious Houses Seventeen for Monks and Twenty four for Nuns Vpon the Front that looks toward the Shoar stand two very vast Pillars the one bearing the Winged Lion of St. Mark and the other the Statue of St. Theodorus and in the Space between all Malefactors are Executed The Cathedral of St. Mark is a most Sumptuous and Magnificent Structure all of Marble The Streets are divided with small Channels or Caneales joyned together with several Bridges part of Wood and part of Stone to the Number of 440. The Arsenal is a place every way surrounded with strong Walls wherein Four hundred Workmen are continually employ'd in preparing Materials for the Building of Galleys and the Reparation of the Bridges who are every Week paid their Wages to the value of 2000. Crowns In a word Venice is the Queen of all the Cities in the World and which is more never Subdu'd to Foraign Subjection This is She that has for so many Centuries of Years been the Bulwark of Christendom against the Power of the Turks being Marry'd to the Sea every Year by the Ceremony of throwing a Gold Ring into the Neighbouring Ocean upon Ascension-Day In a word such is the strength of her Situation such the Constitution of her Government such the strict Observance of her Constitutions and so exact the Fidelity of her Subjects under an easie and gentle Rule that she may well be counted the most Renowned City in the Vniverse If we consider the Diminution of her Territorys by the loss of Candy we shall find that Loss in some measure Repair'd by the Recovery of the Morea to the Extermination as it may well be hoped of the Turks from the most flourishing and fairest Portion of all Greece The Morea formerly known by the name of the Peloponnesus is a Peninsula from North to South an Hundred and fifty Miles in breadth that is from Corinth to Cape Macapan and a Hundred seventy five from East to West and in Circuit Six hundred Miles or thereabout Formerly it was divided into Achaia Arcady the Argives the Territories of Corinth Elis Laconia Messenia and Sicyonia Now it is divided into the Dukedom of Clarentia containing Achaia properly so called Belvedera containing the Territories of the Messenians and those of Elis. Saccania containing the Country of Argos and Tzaconia containing Laconia and Arcady The chief Cities of it were Argos Argo Corinth now Corinto Corone or Coron Dyme now Clarentia Elis or Belvedera Epidaunes or Malvasia Megalopolis or Leontati Messene or Mosseniga Modon Nauplia now Napoli di Romania Patrae or Patrasse and Militra formerly Lacedemon This Peninsule is divided from the rest of Greece by a narrow Neck of Land not above Forty Furlongs or five Miles wide Which King Demetrius Nero Julius Caesar Caligula Nero and some other Princes endeavoured to have Cut through and so to have let in the Sea round about it but their Labour prov'd in vain by reason of the Rockie substance of the Earth However Succeeding Ages rear'd up a thick Wall in the same Place from Sea to Sea which Amurath the II. afterward Levell'd with the Ground when he Conquer'd and Sack'd the Peloponnesus It was after that Rebuilt in the Year 1453. by the Venetians in fifteen Days with the Assistance of 30000. Men but then again utterly Ruin'd by the Turks when they made themselves Masters of the whole Country Patrasso anciently Patrae from Patreus who Peopl'd it and Surrounded it with Walls By the Romans it was call'd Augusta Aroe Patrensis and by reason of its commodious Situation for Commerce by them much frequented and fill'd with Inhabitants it is seated about Seven hundred Paces from the Gulph of Patrasso In this City Diana was formerly Worshipp'd under the Name of Diana Triclariena to whom the People made an Annual Sacrifice of a Young Man and a Virgin the most Beautiful they could find to Expiate the Crime of two Persons that were Sacrific'd for Marrying in that Temple without the consent of their Parents Here St. Andrew the Apostle suffer'd Martyrdom as also Herodian who was one of the Seventy Disciples and Bishop of this Town It is Peopl'd at present for the most part with Jews who make it a place of Trade not only with the Neighbouring Islands but with the French and English However the Air is none of the Wholesomest by reason of the High Mountains which overlook it always cover'd with Snow and for that the Ground about it is all Marshie In the time of the Despotes it was a Dutchie but those Princes not finding themselves strong enough to keep it Sold it in the Year 1408. to the Venetians from whom it was taken by the Turks in the Year 1463. In the Year 1533. it was Besieg'd and Taken by D'Oria but the very next Year the Turks Retook it again and held it till this last succesful Conquest of the Venetians Lepanto formerly call'd Naupactus is seated near the Gulph of Lepanto so Famous for the Battle of Lepanto wherein the Turks were Overthrown by the Christians with a great Slaughter of Men and loss of Ships It is an Archiepiscopal City built about a Mountain rising in the form of a Sugar-Loaf whereon the Fortress stands encompassed with four large Walls separated by Valleys whereon the Houses of the Inhabitants stand the Port is but small and might easily be secur'd with a Chain In the times of Heathenism it had four Temples dedicated to Venus Neptune Esculapius and Diana Vnder the Jurisdiction of the Turks it contain'd seven

Mosques two Churches for the Greeks and three Synagogues for the Jews In the Year 1408. Emanuel Emperor of Constantinople put it into the hands of the Venetians not able to defend it himself But in the Year 1477. it was Besieg'd by the Turks with an Army of 30000. Men who after they had Batter'd it for four Months together were forc'd to raise their Siege and leave it under the Venetian Government till the Year 1498. Bajazet with an Army of 150000 men forc'd it to a Surrender However the Arms of St. Mark remain'd till it was now last Regain'd by General Morosini Corinth so call'd from Corinthus the Son of Pelop's was accounted the most Noble and Wealthy City of all Greece and by the means of its Situation it arriv'd to that degree of Splendor and Pride as to abuse the Embassadors that were sent by the Romans which the Senate took so hainously that they sent Memmius with Orders when he had taken the City to Level it with the Ground and to put all the Inhabitants to Sale. Memmius according to his Instructions set it on Fire and the mixture of mettals in that dismal Conflagration produc'd that sort of Brass call'd Corinthian Brass much more esteem'd then Silver or Gold. Augustus afterwards Rebuilt and Peopl'd it but it retains nothing of its Pristin glory being nothing but a heap of Ruines serving to harbour a small number of People Amurath the II. and Mahomet his Son made it the Seat of their Barbarous Cruelties and so Ruin'd it that there are very few Houses to be seen and those built out of the Ruines of the former Structures The Fortress that both Commanded and Secur'd it was call'd Acro-Corinth seated upon a high and almost inaccessible Rock furnish'd with Wells of excellent Spring-Water and among the rest the Fountain Pirene which was Consecrated to the Muses the Water being very clear and most pleasant to the taste Misitra was the Ancient Sparta or Lacedemon so famous in Ancient Story and when in its Splendor two Leagues in Compass This City is divided into four Parts all distinctly separated one from the other This was the Habitation of Menelaus the Husband of Helena who being Ravish'd away by Paris occasion'd the Siege and Destruction of Troy. Here the Laws of Lycurgus took place Constitutions contriv'd with that Wisdom and Policy that their Observance preserv'd the Splendor of this City for the space of 880 Years It was taken by Mahomet the II. in the Year 1460. and 3200. after its first Foundation Castel-Nuovo is the Capital City of the Province of St. Sobba ten days march in Length and four in Breadth bounded by Bossina and Dalmatia It was built by Tuardus King of Bossina and is seated upon the Banks of the Canal of Cattaro three miles from the mouth of it and just opposite to the Levant Sea about 800. Paces in Compass It has two Towers in the West side and one upon the Sea-shoar but the Walls having been often shaken by Earthquakes are neither very strong nor yet Terrass'd The Castle of Salimanega which joyns to the Town and is built upon a Rock is commanded by the Mountain of Santa Veneranda from whence you may likewise batter the Castle of Testagick which is Terrass'd and built partly upon a Rock partly upon a Mount of Earth and serv'd the Turks for ae Magazine of Powder The upper Fortress that goes by the name of Gornigrade is 650 Paces from the City Northward one of the Angles stands upon Earth the other three upon a Rock The whole Fortress is not above 250 Paces in Circuit and might be easily ruin'd by a Battery from the Mountain of Sliebi In the Year 1572. the Venetians having lost it before to Ariadene Barbarosso made an Attempt to recover this Place under the Conduct of General Venieri but they met with so many Obstacles and such considerable Opposition that they were forc'd to give over the Enterprize which they never afterwards ventur'd any more till this present Year under the more succesful Conduct of General Cornaro The onsuing Journal is a Prospect of the last Summer's Conquests under the succesful Banners of the most Serene Republick of Venice The particulars of which are from day to day set down as it may be suppos'd by the stile of the Original which is in Italian by some great Officers that were Eyewitnesses of the Success in both Places and of no small Credit for the truth of the Relation as being Allow'd and Licens'd by Public Authority As for the Negropont which it is thought will be the first Enterprize of the next Campaigne if it be not already taken according to Report and the general Expectations it was anciently call'd Abantis afterwards Euboea from the name of a Matron of Masculine Courage that govern'd it This Island may well be said to be the Queen of all the Islands in the Archipelago as being in length 130 miles in breadth 30 and in Circuit 300. It lies stretch'd all along to the North upon the Coast of Achaia from whence it is divided by a narrow Frith not above 50 Foot over the chief City is Chalcis now Negropont joyn'd to the Continent by a Draw-bridg In so much that some Geographers believe it was formerly a part of the Continent it self and only separated from it by some Earthquake to which the Island is subject sometimes It was formerly subject to the Venetians to whom it was assign'd by Rabanius Carcerius who was Duke of it but in the Year 1470. it was subdu'd by Mahomet the II. with a great slaughter of the Christians It has a very strong Castle with four Towers and a well stor'd Arsenal And thus we see the haughty Turk run down on every side chas'd out of Hungary expell'd the Morea losing Ground in Dalmatia and in a word the Ottoman Empire according to all human Reason hastning to its period For there is a Spirit of Conduct Magnanimity and Gallantry which ranges about the World and fixes sometimes here sometimes there as Destiny designs to turn the scales of Success And this is the reason that decaying Empires Languish under sloathful and effeminate Princes A Critical Season which the Prudence and Vigilance of Inferior Dominion always lay hold of to wrest from the feeble hands of Potentates subjugated to their pleasures the wrongful Conquests of their Ancestors As if the Spirit and Vigor of their Fore-fathers were departed from them to their Enemies Such a conjuncture as this now luckily fell out at Venice which was never better stor'd then now with Personages not only Illustrious for the antiquity of their Descent then for their own personal Vertues For of the Name and Family of the Morosini we find in History no less then Three who were Dukes of Venice The first was Dominico Morosini the 37th Duke of Venice who clear'd the Gulph of the Corsairs of Ancona among whom Guiscard who was the chief was taken and hanged He recover'd Pola and

The Twenty eighth towards Evening through the continual playing of our Bombs which fell all into the small Enclosure there hapen'd another great Fire which encreasing upon the fuel of the Houses and the continual playing our Bombs endur'd so furious all that Day and the next Night that the Enemy astonish'd to see their Houses and their Goods consum'd and their Families burn'd resolv'd to hang out a white Flag and with earnest and loud cries toward the Battery of the Super-intendant Count Felice begg'd 'em to fling no more Bombs which the Count understanding caus'd all Hostility to cease Whereupon General Coningsmark gave leave for five Hostages to come forth who being sent to the Lord Admiral and Captain General the following Capitulations were agreed upon Which being translated into the Turkish Idiom one Copy was Sign'd by the Hostages afore-mentioned and the other sent to the Fortress for punctual performance His Excellency was glad of this Advantage for tho' the Enclosure were but small yet it would have cost a great deal of Time and loss of much Blood to have Master'd it by reason of the strength of the Situation Moreover it was of great consequence because it Commands not only a Country of Spacious Extent but also a Large and Wealthy City lying under it a Place of great Trade for several sorts of Merchandize that are brought to this Town and which will therefore in Time of Peace bring great Revenue to the Public Treasury Porto Lion Septemb. 29. 1687. ALi Aga Kussein Effendi Kussein Aga Kazi-Mahomet Acamet Effendi Poscha Turks sent by the Commander of Athens in the Quality of Hostages being all together in the Admiral Galley to treat upon Conditions of Surrender with His Excellency Procurator and Captain General The Articles were agreed upon in the Form following I. That as an Act of Gracious Clemency all the Turks with their Wives and Children should be permitted to depart and quit the Enclosure within the space of Five Days begun this present Day with liberty to carry forth as many useful Necessaries as every one can be able to carry on his back Arms only excepted II. That they shall have leave at Noleggio to hire Vessels at their own Charges to carry them to Smyrna or where they please III. That at their departure they shall not put any force upon any Person that is not willing to go along with them and shall leave all the Slaves behind them of what condition soever IV. That in case there shall be at present found any want of Water or any scarcity of Ammunition or Provisions that then these Articles are to be void and of no effect and that the Defendants shall run the risco of being compell'd to surrender at Discretion The Fourth of October the Turks quitted the Place to the number of Three thousand Souls of which there were about Five hundred Soldiers and coming to the Sea-side with what Goods they could carry were put a-board four Foreign Vessels which they hir'd themselves 8. Ditto Were found in the Castle eighteen great Guns of several sorts and tho' now it be a heap of Ruins yet in a short time it may be made a Place of great Strength And in regard this Important and Glorious Conquest presages not only to the Most Serene Republic but to all Christendom far greater Progresses the City of Athens being now become Tributary ever since the beginning of this Month to the Venetian Armies it will not be amiss to consider the Importance of the Situation and the present Condition of that Ancient and most Renowned City It is situated not far from the Sea-Coasts in the midst of the Gulph of Engia in Greece and the Capital City of all Attica It is now call'd by the Greeks Setine † Anciently Oenopria afterward Egina the Mother of Eacus and Rhadamanthus by Jupiter Dispeopled by Pestilence afterwards Re-peopled at the Prayer of Eacus by Emmets transform'd into Men and therefore call'd Myrmidones Anciently it had several Names from the several Princes that Reign'd therein subject more then other to Changes of Government It has a Cittadel built upon a Rock of Free-stone surrounded with Walls joyn'd together to the Points and Circuit of the Rock which is about a Thousand and two hundred Paces in compass Below the Hill are to be seen distinctly the Foundations of another Wall which surrounded almost all the whole City and render'd it very difficult of access There that is in the Cittadel the Turks inhabit only who are upon continual Guard against the Surprizes of the corsairs In this Enclosure stood a Temple Dedicated To the unknown God The Inscription of whose Altar is still to be seen and tho' the workmanship be very costly for the Marble yet it serves for no use either to the Christians or Turks The Second part of this City which is in the middle of the First and Third is inhabited solely by the Christians And the Third which is lower than the two former contains a most stately Palace of Marble upon the Gate of which are Ingraven in Greek Characters certain Words that signifie Behold Athens formerly the Seat of Theseus There is also to be seen in Athens another Structure the most Beautiful that can be imagin'd called the Pantheon upon the outside of which are engraved the Atchievments of the Greeks Among other Miracles of this Sumptuous Building at the larger Gate are to be seen two Horses cut to the Life the Workmanstip of Prapiteles The Areopago so much frequented in former Ages is now reduced to a Monastic Solitude Nor is there any thing of the Famous Academy remaining but only a Greek Iuscription which wishes Travellers a good Journey It is thought that the Enclosure of Athens far exceeds that of Prague the Capital City of Bohemia There are an Infinite number of other Antiquities to be seen among which the Arsenal of Lycurgus after the Doric Order where their Arms were stored the Lanthorn of Demosthenes the Tower of the Winds of an Octaginal Figure of which Andronicus Cirestes gave the Model and the Temple of Theseus Formerly Learning and Learned Men flourished in high reputation in this City Nevertheless She suffered her Vicissitudes when in the 39th Olympian Draco instituted those Bloody and Cruel Laws which were afterwards abrogated and abolished by Solon the Fourth wise man of Greece all but those against Robbers He punished Laziness with equal punishment to death Xerxes Four Hundred and Fifty Years before the coming of CHRIST having broke through the Streights of Mount Olta now called Bocca di Lupo or the Wolf's Mouth burnt this City tho' empty of Inhabitants who at the same time were aboard Two Hundred Vessels at Sea. From the Reparation of the Walls of this City the Civil Wars had their Original which after Greece was free'd from their Fears by the means of Leonidas and Spartan divided all Greece into two Parties while the Lacedemonians pretended That there ought to be no place