large_a tomes_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la publ_n anseaticis_fw-la give_v no_o positive_a account_n of_o the_o first_o original_n of_o this_o confederacy_n but_o seem_v to_o bring_v it_o down_o from_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n surname_v the_o lion_n henry_n suderman_n who_o be_v sometime_o counsellor_n to_o the_o hans-town_n fetch_v its_o institution_n far_o further_o than_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n or_o late_a end_n of_o the_o twelve_o which_o be_v the_o time_n usual_o pitch_v upon_o by_o other_o historian_n with_o how_o little_a probability_n these_o opinion_n be_v back_v be_v easy_a to_o observe_v though_o perhaps_o after_o the_o most_o diligent_a enquiry_n we_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o guess_v right_n ourselves_o for_o lubeck_n have_v be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o hans-town_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n their_o high_a court_n of_o judicature_n be_v keep_v there_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a that_o this_o city_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o that_o enter_v into_o that_o solemn_a league_n and_o covenant_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o lubeck_n be_v only_o build_v towards_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o twelve_o century_n and_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o imagine_v that_o this_o town_n and_o hamburg_n will_v enter_v into_o any_o such_o league_n as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o then_o inconsiderable_a king_n of_o denmark_n which_o they_o do_v not_o shake_v off_o before_o the_o year_n 1226._o beside_o if_o lubeck_n be_v then_o one_o of_o the_o hans-town_n we_o shall_v meet_v with_o a_o account_n of_o some_o succour_n send_v she_o when_o she_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n against_o waldemar_n and_o his_o two_o son_n eric_n abel_n and_o christopher_n king_n of_o denmark_n which_o be_v end_v about_o the_o year_n 1259_o and_o yet_o no_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n mention_n any_o such_o thing_n we_o may_v therefore_o probable_o enough_o conclude_v that_o the_o say_v city_n enter_v not_o into_o any_o confederacy_n till_o after_o the_o sixti_v year_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n at_o which_o time_n peace_n be_v first_o conclude_v with_o the_o dane_n and_o trade_n begin_v to_o be_v improve_v in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n what_o angelius_n report_v of_o his_o have_v see_v some_o charter_n and_o privilege_n grant_v to_o the_o unite_a hans-town_n which_o be_v date_v in_o the_o year_n 1194_o be_v as_o little_a to_o be_v credit_v as_o the_o story_n which_o other_o of_o the_o german_a historian_n relate_v of_o our_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o grant_v of_o large_a privilege_n to_o the_o same_o city_n in_o the_o 1206_o whereas_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o this_o prince_n be_v not_o advance_v to_o his_o father_n throne_n before_o the_o year_n 1216_o and_o be_v then_o only_o nine_o year_n of_o age_n polydor_z virgil_n to_o who_o we_o know_v what_o credit_n to_o give_v in_o those_o particular_n especial_o wherein_o he_o dissent_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o english_a historian_n witness_v indeed_o for_o these_o man_n that_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v grant_v some_o such_o kind_n of_o privilege_n to_o the_o hans-town_n as_o they_o mention_v but_o the_o same_o author_n will_v tell_v they_o that_o this_o king_n reign_v till_o the_o year_n 1273._o and_o angelius_n when_o he_o come_v to_o ransack_v old_a norwegian_a paper_n for_o testimony_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o society_n can_v produce_v nothing_o of_o unquestionable_a authority_n as_o he_o phrase_n it_o write_v before_o the_o year_n 1278._o afterward_o when_o he_o come_v to_o give_v we_o a_o short_a compendium_n of_o their_o law_n which_o he_o have_v transcribe_v out_o of_o domannus_n the_o old_a among_o they_o do_v not_o bear_v date_n beyond_o the_o year_n 1312._o so_o that_o possible_o this_o company_n be_v no_o proper_a body_n politic_a before_o that_o time_n but_o the_o german_a historian_n differ_v as_o much_o in_o assign_v the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n hans_n â—â—ne_n â—â—ne_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o confederate_a city_n shall_v call_v themselves_o by_o that_o name_n as_o they_o do_v in_o pitch_v upon_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o their_o confederacy_n we_o shall_v give_v the_o reader_n a_o short_a catalogue_n of_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o judgement_n to_o embrace_v or_o reject_v any_o of_o they_o as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n first_o then_o some_o derive_v the_o word_n hanse_fw-mi or_o anse_v for_o in_o latin_a author_n we_o meet_v with_o urbes_fw-la anseaticae_n and_o ansaticae_n as_o well_o as_o hansaticae_n from_o the_o dutch_a be_fw-mi zee_fw-mi or_o be_fw-mi see_v signify_v near_o unto_o or_o upon_o the_o seashore_n because_o say_v they_o the_o hans-town_n be_v at_o first_o only_o a_o company_n of_o city_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o seashore_n enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n mere_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o trade_n by_o navigation_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o sole_a end_n of_o their_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n and_o not_o the_o secure_n of_o their_o territory_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n which_o some_o city_n upon_o the_o rhine_n propose_v to_o themselves_o upon_o their_o enter_v into_o the_o like_a confederacy_n they_o prove_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o chytraeus_n and_o crantzius_n who_o be_v author_n of_o good_a credit_n and_o authority_n 2._o other_o bring_v the_o word_n from_o hansa_n which_o in_o the_o old_a high_a dutch_a tongue_n signify_v a_o common_a council_n thence_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mat._n xxvi_o 4._o which_o our_o english_a interpreter_n have_v render_v they_o consult_v be_v in_o some_o ancient_a dutch_a version_n translate_v sie_n haben_fw-ge ein_fw-ge hansa_n gemacht_fw-ge 3._o wehner_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o old_a charter_n of_o some_o of_o these_o city_n instead_o of_o hanse-stadte_a as_o the_o german_n nowadays_o usual_o write_v the_o word_n he_o have_v meet_v with_o hayn-stadte_a which_o signify_v in_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a dialect_n a_o city_n situate_a in_o a_o wood_n such_o as_o be_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o hans-town_n in_o saxony_n and_o not_o as_o some_o explain_v it_o a_o town_n in_o a_o pleasant_a valley_n or_o plain_a field_n 4._o the_o four_o opinion_n and_o last_v that_o look_v like_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n be_v that_o they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o hans-town_n from_o that_o preeminence_n and_o precedency_n which_o they_o just_o challenge_v among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o german_a city_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o great_a lord_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v sometime_o style_v gross_a hansen_n gewaltige_n hansen_n etc._n etc._n and_o hence_o several_a old_a german_a proper_a name_n fetch_v their_o original_n as_o anselmus_fw-la hanshelm_n a_o man_n famous_a for_o his_o helmet_n ansbrechtus_n hanswert_v one_o that_o deserve_v to_o be_v make_v a_o lord_n ansfridus_n hansfried_n a_o prince_n of_o a_o peaceable_a temper_n and_o the_o like_a and_o the_o ordinary_a name_n of_o hans_n use_v at_o this_o day_n all_o germany_n over_o be_v not_o as_o many_o think_v a_o contraction_n of_o johannes_n but_o a_o part_n of_o those_o other_o abovementioned_a but_o at_o present_a hans_n be_v not_o so_o honourable_a a_o title_n as_o former_o for_o the_o german_n call_v a_o impertinent_a meddle_v fellow_n such_o as_o the_o old_a latin_n will_v have_v name_v ardelio_n and_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hans_n in_o allen_a gassen_a and_o hans_n unmuht_v hans_fw-ge filtzmaul_fw-mi hans_n sparmund_v praal_n hans_n baver-hans_n and_o the_o like_a be_v look_v upon_o as_o nickname_n of_o the_o high_a ignominy_n and_o disgrace_n it_o will_v be_v worth_a a_o critical_a etymologist_n while_n to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o word_n hans_n among_o other_o of_o its_o signification_n do_v not_o denote_v something_o relate_v to_o trade_n and_o merchandise_n since_o to_o this_o day_n he_o that_o determine_v as_o judge_n all_o controversy_n among_o the_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n of_o ratisbon_n be_v call_v hans-graff_n the_o hans-town_n of_o germany_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o four_o circle_n number_n number_n distinguish_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o four_o principal_a city_n among_o they_o viz._n lubeck_n colln_v brunswic_n and_o dantzig_n to_o the_o circle_n of_o lubeck_n belong_v the_o city_n of_o hamburg_n rostock_n wismar_n stralsund_n lunenburg_n stetin_n anclam_n golnau_n gripswald_n colberg_n stargard_n stolpe_n etc._n etc._n to_o that_o of_o colln_v wesel_n duissburg_n emmerick_n warburg_n vnna_n hammen_n munster_n minden_n osnabrug_n dortmund_n sost_n herford_n paderborn_n limgow_n billefeld_n warberg_n lippstadt_n cossfeld_n nimwegen_n sutphen_n rurnmund_n arnheim_n venloh_n elburg_n harderwic_n thiela_n bommel_n deventer_n campen_n swol_n groningen_n bolsswerder_n gorcum_n hinlopen_fw-la staveren_fw-mi embden_n briel_n wieringen_n middelburg_n and_o some_o more_o of_o less_o note_n to_o
shall_v be_v summon_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o interrex_n of_o poland_n that_o in_o every_o such_o election_n the_o lithuanian_a and_o polish_v nobility_n shall_v have_v equal_a power_n in_o give_v of_o voice_n that_o whoever_o by_o a_o majority_n of_o voice_n of_o both_o nation_n shall_v be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n shall_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v pronounce_v great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n that_o the_o election_n shall_v always_o be_v have_v in_o some_o place_n near_o the_o confine_n of_o both_o country_n that_o the_o parliament_n shall_v sit_v in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n by_o turn_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o the_o moscovite_n make_v many_o and_o terrible_a incursion_n into_o lithuania_n which_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o that_o success_n that_o a._n d._n 1655_o he_o take_v vilna_n this_o hold_v he_o keep_v till_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v make_v peace_n with_o the_o swede_n who_o oppress_v he_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n drive_v he_o out_o and_o make_v he_o retreat_n as_o far_o as_o the_o confine_n of_o moscovy_n however_o the_o war_n cease_v not_o till_o in_o january_n 1667_o a_o truce_n for_o thirteen_o year_n be_v agree_v on_o upon_o these_o condition_n that_o polockz_n vitepski_n duneburg_n and_o the_o hither_o liefland_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o polander_n provide_v that_o nevel_n vieliss_n and_o sebisch_n be_v except_v from_o the_o palatinate_v of_o polockz_n and_o vitepski_n that_o the_o moscovite_n shall_v retain_v smolensko_n sevir_n and_o all_o the_o vkrain_n beyond_o boristhenes_n that_o kiow_n after_o two_o year_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n etc._n etc._n the_o country_n be_v full_a of_o wood_n and_o lake_n soil_n soil_n which_o yield_v good_a store_n of_o venison_n and_o fish_n the_o forest_n also_o afford_v they_o great_a quantity_n of_o honey_n and_o pitch_n the_o land_n be_v tolerable_o fruitful_a but_o the_o extreme_a cold_a too_o often_o spoil_v their_o harvest_n the_o great_a trade_n of_o lithvania_n lie_v in_o pitch_n commodity_n commodity_n tar_n and_o timber_n which_o be_v transport_v into_o holland_n and_o other_o foreign_a nation_n for_o these_o they_o receive_v in_o salt_n and_o wine_n for_o all_o other_o necessary_n they_o be_v well_o enough_o provide_v be_v well_o stock_v with_o great_a herd_n of_o cattle_n though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o large_a as_o in_o germany_n and_o other_o their_o neighbour_a country_n and_o considerable_a flock_n of_o sheep_n beside_o the_o wood_n furnish_v they_o with_o ermine_n sable_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o fur_n to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o otherwise_o intolerable_a sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n the_o lithvanians_n seem_v to_o have_v nature_n proportionate_a to_o their_o quality_n people_n temperâ—â—_n the_o people_n for_o the_o noble_n be_v as_o proud_a and_o domineer_a and_o the_o commonalty_n as_o sneak_v and_o mean_v spirit_v here_o as_o in_o any_o part_n of_o europe_n the_o reason_n of_o such_o inequality_n of_o temper_n proceed_v from_o the_o unreasonable_a slavery_n that_o landlord_n force_v their_o tenant_n to_o undergo_v if_o you_o have_v but_o a_o good_a train_n of_o attendance_n you_o may_v uncontrolable_o plunder_v any_o peasant_n house_n in_o the_o land_n and_o if_o you_o please_v give_v he_o a_o kick_n into_o the_o bargain_n he_o dare_v not_o open_a his_o mouth_n except_o to_o give_v you_o thanks_o for_o give_v over_o when_o you_o be_v weary_a they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n five_o or_o six_o day_n in_o the_o week_n and_o if_o he_o spare_v they_o as_o be_v usual_o monday_n they_o must_v work_v on_o sunday_n for_o themselves_o if_o any_o ask_v they_o a_o reason_n why_o they_o labour_v that_o day_n they_o will_v ready_o reply_v ought_v we_o not_o to_o eat_v on_o sunday_n as_o well_o as_o other_o day_n in_o their_o war_n with_o poland_n they_o give_v a_o sad_a testimony_n of_o their_o barbarous_a cruelty_n the_o usual_a attendant_n of_o a_o low_a spirit_n by_o deny_v quarter_n to_o all_o captive_n rip_v up_o woman_n with_o child_n murder_v of_o infant_n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v perfidious_a to_o their_o prince_n and_o regardless_o of_o oath_n and_o promise_n nova_fw-la totius_fw-la livoniae_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n the_o rustic_n eat_v bread_n make_v of_o the_o ear_n of_o wheat_n not_o winnow_v nor_o thresh_v this_o they_o call_v duonos_n a_o gift_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o the_o polander_n call_v bread_n bozydar_n and_o the_o german_n gottes-gab_a the_o gift_n of_o god_n and_o not_o proverb_n be_v more_o ordinary_a in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o lithvanians_n then_o dieva_n dave_v dantes_fw-la dosi_fw-la duonos_fw-la i_o e._n god_n that_o give_v tooth_n will_v give_v bread_n the_o rest_n of_o their_o diet_n be_v flesh_n herb_n and_o root_n of_o which_o they_o have_v plenty_n the_o most_o general_a drink_n of_o the_o country_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o brandy_n make_v of_o corn._n beside_o this_o they_o have_v some_o beer_n and_o a_o sort_n of_o mead_n boil_v with_o hops_n which_o be_v keep_v sometime_o a_o hundred_o year_n together_o in_o nobleman_n house_n of_o late_o there_o have_v be_v bring_v hither_o great_a quantity_n of_o spanish_a and_o french_a wine_n from_o konigsberg_n and_o other_o place_n near_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o lithvanians_n general_o as_o well_o in_o city_n as_o village_n speak_v the_o russian_a language_n and_o write_v all_o plead_n and_o proceed_n of_o courts-judicature_n in_o that_o tongue_n however_o there_o be_v a_o great_a mixture_n of_o latin_a word_n in_o their_o talk_n which_o seem_v to_o confirm_v the_o story_n of_o palaemon_n so_o for_o ignis_fw-la they_o say_v ugnis_fw-la unda_fw-la wanda_fw-la aer_fw-la oras_fw-la sol_fw-la soul_fw-mi mensis_fw-la menuo_fw-la dies_fw-la diena_fw-la ros_fw-fr rasa_fw-la deus_fw-la diewas_n vir_fw-la viras_n etc._n etc._n beside_o they_o have_v many_o polish_v word_n though_o these_o two_o language_n be_v not_o original_o the_o same_o the_o latin_a tongue_n be_v as_o common_a here_o as_o in_o poland_n and_o you_o shall_v not_o meet_v a_o lithvanian_a from_o a_o duke_n to_o a_o ploughman_n that_o can_v give_v you_o a_o answer_n in_o that_o language_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o greek_n first_o teach_v they_o how_o to_o write_v for_o they_o call_v letter_n goomata_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unless_o perhaps_o they_o have_v they_o more_o immediate_o from_o the_o russian_n who_o use_v the_o same_o word_n no_o nation_n in_o europe_n have_v be_v more_o besot_v with_o idolatry_n than_o lithvania_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o false_a god_n they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o ancient_a egyptian_n greek_n roman_n and_o indian_n be_v great_a worshipper_n of_o serpent_n and_o many_o of_o they_o continue_v so_o till_o within_o these_o few_o year_n of_o which_o signismund_n baron_n of_o herberstein_n in_o comment_n rer_n muscovit_fw-la p._n 84_o tell_v we_o this_o memorable_a story_n return_v say_v he_o late_o from_o masovia_n at_o troki_n a_o small_a town_n about_o eight_o english_a mile_n from_o vilna_n my_o host_n acquaint_v i_o that_o that_o year_n he_o have_v chance_v to_o buy_v a_o hive_n of_o bee_n of_o one_o of_o these_o serpent-worshipper_n who_o he_o with_o much_o ado_n have_v persuade_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o true_a god_n and_o to_o kill_v his_o adder_n within_o a_o while_n after_o come_v that_o way_n he_o find_v the_o poor_a fellow_n miserable_o torture_v and_o deform_v his_o face_n wrinkle_v his_o mouth_n awry_o etc._n etc._n demand_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o misery_n he_o receive_v this_o answer_n from_o he_o that_o this_o judgement_n be_v inflict_v on_o he_o for_o kill_v his_o god_n and_o that_o he_o be_v like_a to_o suffer_v heavy_a torment_n if_o he_o do_v not_o return_v to_o his_o former_a worship_n nay_o to_o this_o day_n here_o be_v too_o great_a footstep_n of_o this_o idolatry_n for_o in_o many_o village_n both_o in_o lithvania_n and_o prussia_n you_o shall_v meet_v with_o poor_a boar_n that_o keep_v adder_n in_o their_o house_n to_o which_o they_o though_o profess_a christian_n pay_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a superstitious_a respect_n and_o fancy_v some_o great_a misfortune_n will_v befall_v they_o if_o these_o laria_n take_v any_o harm_n beside_o the_o ancient_a lithvanians_n have_v a_o idol_n call_v by_o they_o percune_n to_o who_o they_o keep_v a_o continual_a fire_n burn_v with_o as_o much_o caution_n and_o diligence_n as_o ever_o the_o vestal_a fire_n be_v keep_v at_o rome_n for_o if_o the_o waidelot_n or_o priest_n that_o be_v to_o attend_v the_o altar_n shall_v happen_v to_o let_v the_o fire_n out_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o die_v for_o it_o the_o like_a ceremony_n be_v perform_v in_o remembrance_n of_o kiern_n one_o of_o their_o prince_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n near_o dziewaltow_n these_o
you_o may_v meet_v large_a vineyard_n plentiful_o stock_v with_o grape_n out_o of_o which_o be_v press_v a_o much_o more_o palatable_a sort_n of_o wine_n then_o can_v be_v have_v in_o any_o part_n of_o saxony_n or_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n among_o the_o many_o kind_n of_o plant_n and_o herb_n wherewith_o the_o field_n and_o forest_n as_o well_o as_o garden_n of_o thuringen_n abound_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o peculiar_a to_o this_o province_n be_v wild_a saffron_n and_o woad_n the_o late_a of_o which_o be_v use_v by_o our_o dyer_n in_o their_o best_a blew_n and_o sky-colour_n and_o with_o which_o the_o old_a britain_n as_o cesar_n inform_v we_o be_v use_v to_o paint_v themselves_o near_a sangerhausen_n and_o salfeld_n have_v sometime_o be_v dug_n up_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o copper_n and_o silver_n over_o and_o at_o franckenhausen_n saltzungen_n and_o sultza_n they_o have_v still_o rich_a salt-pit_n the_o chief_a river_n of_o the_o country_n be_v the_o sala_n 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conrade_n ii_o and_o his_o grandchild_n prevail_v with_o lotharius_n ii_o to_o change_v the_o title_n of_o count_n into_o landtgrave_n in_o this_o line_n the_o honour_n continue_v till_o the_o death_n of_o herman_n landtgrave_n of_o thuringen_n and_o hessen_n in_o the_o year_n 1226._o whereupon_o henry_n duke_n of_o brabant_n get_v possession_n of_o hessen_n and_o thuringen_n fall_v to_o henry_n marquis_n of_o misnia_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o house_n of_o saxony_n erfurt_n the_o metropolis_n of_o thuringen_n erfurt_n erfurt_n and_o one_o of_o the_o large_a city_n in_o germany_n be_v think_v by_o bertius_fw-la and_o other_o learned_a geographer_n to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o erfa_n a_o old_a ruinous_a castle_n near_o thirty_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o the_o town_n i_o have_v rather_o believe_v its_o ancient_a name_n to_o have_v be_v jerafurt_n which_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o ferry_n over_o the_o river_n jera_fw-fr on_o the_o bank_n of_o which_o this_o city_n now_o stand_v there_o be_v three_o barony_n and_o seventy-two_a fair_a village_n subject_a to_o the_o citizen_n of_o erfurt_n so_o that_o the_o country_n rustic_n have_v some_o reason_n for_o that_o proverbial_a say_n in_o ordinary_a use_n among_o they_o erfurt_n be_v not_o a_o city_n but_o a_o country_n when_o this_o great_a city_n which_o be_v about_o as_o large_a as_o coln_n and_o as_o beautiful_a be_v first_o build_v be_v not_o easy_o determine_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o boniface_n archbishop_n of_o mentz_n it_o be_v reckon_v a_o ancient_a city_n for_o there_o be_v still_o extant_a a_o epistle_n write_v by_o that_o prelate_n to_o pope_n zachary_n wherein_o we_o meet_v with_o these_o word_n unam_fw-la esse_fw-la sedem_fw-la episcopatus_fw-la decrevimus_fw-la in_o castello_n quod_fw-la dicitur_fw-la wurtzburg_n &_o alteram_fw-la in_o oppido_fw-la quod_fw-la nominatur_fw-la buriburg_n perhaps_o nuriburg_n tertiam_fw-la in_o 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conjecture_n have_v as_o little_a of_o probability_n in_o it_o as_o that_o fancy_n of_o some_o other_o who_o endeavour_n to_o derive_v the_o name_n of_o this_o town_n from_o the_o old_a roman_a god_n janus_n since_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o there_o grow_v any_o vine_n near_o this_o place_n foam_n century_n ago_o or_o that_o ever_o the_o jew_n be_v master_n of_o it_o the_o town_n be_v at_o present_a a_o well_o compact_a piece_n and_o tolerable_o well_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o turret_n the_o foundation_n of_o the_o university_n be_v first_o begin_v by_o john_n frideric_n elector_n of_o saxony_n who_o procure_v for_o it_o many_o brave_a and_o large_a privilege_n from_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o but_o this_o good_a prince_n never_o live_v to_o finish_v the_o work_n he_o have_v begin_v but_o upon_o his_o deathbed_n commit_v that_o charge_n to_o his_o son_n who_o get_v the_o forementioned_a privilege_n confirm_v by_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n in_o the_o year_n 1558._o since_o that_o time_n there_o have_v never_o want_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o eminent_a professor_n and_o learned_a man_n in_o all_o faculty_n in_o this_o university_n among_o who_o the_o great_a j._n lipsius_n be_v one_o a_o man_n sufficient_a of_o himself_o not_o to_o mention_v any_o of_o his_o learned_a colleague_n to_o eternize_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o place_n they_o have_v here_o a_o library_n give_v they_o by_o some_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o daily_o augment_v but_o not_o so_o considerable_a as_o to_o merit_v a_o particular_a description_n gotha_n the_o five_o great_a town_n in_o thuringen_n gotha_n gotha_n seat_v on_o the_o leina_fw-la be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o some_o of_o the_o old_a gothic_a troop_n on_o their_o march_n through_o this_o country_n towards_o italy_n and_o by_o they_o to_o have_v have_v the_o name_n of_o gotha_n give_v it_o however_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o be_v only_o a_o mean_a village_n such_o as_o may_v just_o serve_v for_o the_o tent_n of_o a_o company_n of_o hardy_a
which_o the_o former_a thought_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o by_o call_v in_o the_o king_n of_o the_o franc_n to_o their_o assistance_n and_o desire_v he_o to_o plant_v a_o colony_n of_o his_o soldier_n betwixt_o they_o and_o their_o enemy_n these_o proposal_n clodomir_v than_o king_n of_o france_n ready_o assent_v to_o and_o immediate_o dispatch_v his_o brother_n genebald_a with_o a_o great_a army_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o their_o promise_a dominion_n according_o genebald_a and_o his_o man_n fix_v themselves_o in_o maingow_n the_o ancient_a name_n of_o the_o territory_n round_a wartsburg_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o that_o country_n which_o from_o they_o retain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o name_n of_o franconia_n the_o two_o chief_a river_n of_o this_o land_n be_v the_o main_a and_o the_o sala_n rivers_n rivers_n whereof_o the_o former_a spring_n out_o of_o two_o fountain_n among_o the_o hill_n on_o the_o border_n of_o bohemia_n and_o pass_v 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potent_a prince_n than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n though_o inferior_a in_o place_n to_o bamberg_n the_o bishop_n of_o eichstad_n have_v no_o large_a dominion_n in_o franconia_n the_o most_o of_o his_o territory_n lie_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o bavaria_n and_o schwaben_n the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n have_v now_o little_o leave_v but_o the_o bare_a title_n to_o a_o few_o bailiwick_n which_o seldom_o or_o never_o take_v notice_n of_o he_o for_o their_o governor_n the_o two_o temporal_a prince_n be_v the_o burggrave_v of_o noremberg_n who_o be_v two_o prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v some_o more_o petty_a county_n and_o lordship_n subject_a to_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o hennenberg_n be_v under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o weimar_n and_o several_a other_o places_z swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o mentz_n the_o old_a francick_a dialect_n 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publish_v his_o incomparable_a note_n at_o amsterdam_n 1655._o since_o which_o time_n mr._n lambecius_n the_o emperor_n library-keeper_n at_o vienna_n have_v make_v public_a several_a scrap_n in_o his_o curious_a history_n of_o some_o rarity_n in_o the_o imperial_a library_n and_o mr._n junius_n before_o mention_v have_v late_o bequeath_v a_o noble_a collection_n of_o the_o like_a monument_n of_o antiquity_n to_o our_o public_a library_n at_o oxford_n among_o which_o the_o choice_a be_v tatian_n harmonia_n evangelica_n illustrate_v with_o mr._n junius_n note_n and_o design_v for_o the_o press_n wurtzburg_n call_v by_o bede_n wirceburg_n wurtzburg_n wurtzburg_n by_o sigebert_n wirtiburgum_n and_o wirtziburgum_n by_o trithemius_n paepolis_n and_o marcopolis_n but_o by_o most_o of_o the_o modern_a latin_a historian_n and_o geographer_n herbipolis_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o franconia_n and_o have_v its_o name_n as_o most_o imagine_v from_o the_o variety_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o 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of_o his_o subject_n and_o have_v person_n send_v to_o instruct_v and_o govern_v they_o according_a to_o those_o excellent_a rule_n which_o themselves_o there_o see_v which_o thing_n be_v according_o grant_v and_o governor_n send_v and_o castle_n and_o town_n order_v to_o be_v build_v and_o the_o people_n to_o be_v instruct_v as_o they_o still_o continue_v to_o do_v moscoviae_n pars_fw-la australis_n isaaco_n massa_n the_o several_a province_n of_o russia_n the_o first_o province_n of_o russia_n towards_o the_o north-east_n be_v obdoria_n situate_v betwixt_o ob_fw-la and_o pechora_n or_o petzora_n rivers_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o a_o large_a country_n but_o thin_o inhabit_v which_o may_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v in_o our_o map_n call_v samoiedia_n more_o frequent_o than_o obdoria_n as_o if_o it_o be_v only_o the_o country_n of_o the_o samoieds_fw-fr concern_v the_o great_a river_n ob_fw-la or_o oby_n we_o have_v but_o little_a of_o certainty_n for_o i_o can_v find_v that_o any_o of_o 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ob_fw-la be_v sixteen_o day_n sail_v with_o a_o good_a wind_n six_o day_n to_o breit-vinnose_a in_o the_o strait_n of_o waygat_n leave_v the_o rock_n sacolia_fw-la lowdia_fw-la on_o the_o starboard-side_n waygat_n be_v at_o first_o mention_v by_o steph._n burrough_n but_o not_o know_v whether_o to_o be_v a_o distinct_a island_n or_o part_n of_o nova_n zembla_n and_o in_o some_o of_o our_o late_a map_n it_o be_v quite_o omit_v and_o instead_o of_o it_o be_v put_v fretum_n nassauvianum_n according_a to_o the_o fancy_n of_o our_o neighbour_n the_o inhabitant_n they_o say_v be_v samoieds_n very_o barbarous_a men-eater_n etc._n etc._n over_o against_o these_o strait_n a_o new_a map_n print_v at_o nurenburgh_n this_o year_n 1679_o in_o the_o continent_n where_o we_o conceive_v obdora_n and_o condora_n have_v place_v by_o what_o authority_n and_o whether_o with_o the_o good_a like_n of_o the_o grand_a tzar_n let_v they_o consider_v who_o be_v concern_v new_a walckeren_n new_a holland_n and_o new_a west-frieseland_a beside_o divers_a other_o name_n of_o the_o low_a country_n i_o suppose_v it_o proceed_v only_o from_o a_o itch_n they_o have_v of_o attribute_v all_o discovery_n to_o and_o give_v name_n by_o themselves_o the_o bay_n of_o petzora_n be_v call_v yongorsky-shar_a and_o there_o fall_v in_o divers_a great_a river_n as_o cara-reca_a or_o the_o black_a river_n moetnaia-reca_a the_o muddy_a river_n zolena-reca_a the_o green_a river_n betwixt_o it_o and_o ob._n petzora_n also_o be_v name_v both_o in_o the_o grand_a tzars_n title_n and_o by_o author_n also_o as_o a_o province_n petzora_n petzora_n which_o they_o say_v be_v bound_v by_o the_o river_n of_o that_o name_n and_o the_o great_a mountain_n call_v ziemni-poias_a or_o cingulum_n mundi_fw-la in_o 1611_o a_o ship_n be_v send_v to_o settle_v a_o factory_a at_o pechora_n they_o find_v the_o bar_n very_o shallow_a nine_o or_o ten_o foot_n water_n afterward_o they_o come_v into_o the_o suchoi-more_a or_o dry_a sea_n because_o of_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o water_n the_o inhabitant_n say_v that_o pechora_n flow_v into_o the_o sea_n with_o seventy-two_a mouth_n other_o say_v six_o only_a the_o channel_n that_o trend_v south-west_n be_v the_o deep_a and_o best_a the_o town_n be_v call_v pustozera_n because_o on_o a_o lake_n which_o the_o russes_z call_v osera_n and_o it_o lie_v in_o 68_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n of_o latitude_n in_o the_o town_n be_v three_o church_n and_o the_o people_n poor_a speak_v a_o language_n of_o their_o own_o and_o be_v christian_n ever_o since_o 1518_o they_o live_v chief_o upon_o the_o goose_n and_o other_o fowl_n which_o they_o catch_v in_o the_o spring_n and_o summer_n who_o feather_n they_o sell_v to_o merchant_n and_o the_o flesh_n they_o powder_n and_o dry_v for_o winter_n the_o river_n be_v plentiful_o store_v with_o fish_n especial_o salmon_n whereof_o in_o one_o year_n they_o take_v above_o fifteen_o thousand_o which_o they_o salt_n sell_v and_o convey_v to_o mezen_n by_o land_n they_o live_v common_o upon_o fresh_a fish_n boil_v and_o dry_v hither_o use_v to_o come_v every_o year_n two_o thousand_o samoieds_n with_o their_o commodity_n the_o pechora_n run_v through_o great_a permia_n and_o the_o head_n of_o it_o be_v five_o week_n journey_n above_o pustozera_n divers_a great_a river_n fall_v into_o it_o as_o shapkina_n nougorotka_n habeaga_n and_o ouse_n of_o which_o beside_o the_o name_n we_o know_v nothing_o east_n of_o the_o pechora_n lie_v the_o promontory_n of_o borandey_n scarce_o mention_v in_o any_o author_n the_o chief_a town_n whereof_o be_v vetzora_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v original_o samoieds_n but_o somewhat_o civilise_v by_o the_o muscovite_n three_o day_n journey_n above_o pustozera_n lie_v upon_o the_o same_o river_n oustzilma_a a_o town_n of_o about_o threescore_o house_n in_o 66_o deg_fw-la and_o 30_o min._n where_o they_o have_v ry_z and_o barley_n grow_v very_o good_a and_o where_o be_v a_o very_a good_a trade_n for_o fur_n siberia_n call_v by_o the_o russes_z sibior_fw-la siberia_n siberia_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n though_o more_o south_n than_o obdoria_n and_o petzora_n from_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v by_o those_o high_a and_o terrible_a mountain_n call_v ziemni-poias_a which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a wind_n to_o which_o they_o be_v expose_v and_o continual_a snow_n be_v very_o barren_a and_o hardly_o passable_a in_o many_o place_n here_o and_o there_o be_v tree_n some_o say_v cedar_n and_o about_o they_o the_o black_a sables_n and_o the_o best_a white_a falcon_n herberstein_n report_v that_o there_o be_v some_o person_n that_o after_o seventeen_o day_n travel_v to_o go_v over_o they_o return_v back_o as_o think_v they_o unpassable_a they_o be_v heretofore_o all_o samoieds_fw-fr and_o in_o bar._n herbersteins_n time_n have_v neither_o castle_n nor_o city_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n cama_fw-la out_o out_o of_o it_o arise_v the_o jayck_n a_o large_a river_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o plain_n of_o tartary_n enter_v into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o country_n be_v then_o also_o full_a of_o wood_n and_o lake_n and_o almost_o desert_a till_o they_o submit_v to_o the_o muscovite_n together_o with_o the_o other_o samoieds_fw-fr the_o country_n be_v so_o call_v from_o sibier_n or_o sibior_fw-la the_o first_o build_v city_n among_o they_o though_o tobolsca_n be_v the_o chief_a which_o be_v a_o city_n of_o great_a trade_n to_o which_o the_o teseek_n boughars_n and_o tartar_n bring_v very_o rich_a commodity_n from_o persia_n of_o all_o sort_n papinougorod_n also_o be_v a_o good_a trade_n town_n so_o call_v from_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o papini_n among_o who_o it_o be_v build_v who_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o samoieds_n and_o have_v a_o peculiar_a language_n but_o siberia_n be_v now_o for_o nothing_o more_o famous_a then_o that_o it_o be_v the_o place_n of_o banishment_n for_o such_o either_o offender_n as_o
the_o town_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o court_n of_o schipin_n or_o alderman_n who_o themselves_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o burgomaster_n choose_v yearly_a as_o a_o mayor_n in_o our_o city_n out_o of_o they_o who_o during_o his_o government_n have_v the_o title_n of_o general_n of_o great_a poland_n confer_v on_o he_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n be_v in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n seven_o mile_n from_o this_o city_n you_o have_v gnesna_n call_v by_o the_o dutch_a gnisen_v former_o the_o metropolis_n of_o poland_n gnesna_n gnesna_n build_v by_o lechus_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o poland_n by_o who_o it_o have_v its_o name_n give_v from_o the_o polish_v word_n gniasao_n which_o signify_v a_o nest_n because_o in_o this_o place_n lechus_n find_v a_o eagle_n nest_n whence_o to_o this_o day_n the_o prince_n of_o poland_n bear_v a_o spread_a eagle_n for_o their_o arms._n this_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o chief_a metropolitan_a archbishop_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o who_o state_n and_o grandeur_n we_o have_v give_v you_o a_o relation_n before_o in_o the_o cathedral_n be_v keep_v a_o inestimable_a treasure_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o curious_a enamel_a vessel_n leave_v by_o several_a prince_n of_o poland_n and_o archbishop_n of_o this_o see_v which_o be_v much_o increase_v by_o the_o legacy_n of_o henry_n firley_n late_a archbishop_n who_o beside_o many_o vessel_n and_o vestment_n of_o great_a worth_n give_v they_o his_o own_o mitre_n value_v at_o 24000_o polish_v guilder_n which_o be_v reduce_v to_o our_o english_a money_n will_v amount_v to_o about_o 2300_o pound_n sterling_a the_o gate_n lead_v into_o the_o cathedral_n be_v of_o corinthian_a brass_n and_o rare_o wrought_v these_o at_o first_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o monastery_n of_o corsuna_n in_o the_o tauric_n chersonese_n whence_o they_o be_v remove_v to_o kiow_n and_o from_o thence_o bring_v hither_o by_o boleslaus_n the_o second_o in_o the_o year_n 1613_o this_o city_n be_v miserable_o lay_v waist_n by_o fire_n and_o do_v yet_o daily_o loose_a something_o of_o its_o ancient_a glory_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o town_n of_o posnania_n be_v mean_o build_v and_o without_o any_o considerable_a fortification_n their_o building_n except_v only_o the_o church_n monastery_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n be_v most_o common_o of_o wood_n the_o county_n of_o calissia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o it_o calissia_n calissia_n by_o the_o polander_v call_v kalisk_n seat_v on_o przoen_n and_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a brick_n wall_n stanislaus_n karncow_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n found_v here_o a_o stately_a college_n of_o jesuit_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o a_o considerable_a revenue_n the_o country_n round_o this_o city_n be_v general_o like_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a poland_n pleasant_a fruitful_a and_o very_a well_o cultivate_v and_o inhabit_v every_o where_o abound_v with_o great_a town_n and_o village_n among_o which_o borek_n and_o goluchow_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a the_o former_a for_o a_o famous_a picture_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n resort_v to_o with_o a_o great_a opinion_n of_o devotion_n by_o most_o of_o the_o zealous_a romanist_n in_o these_o part_n the_o latter_a for_o a_o extraordinary_a piece_n of_o modern_a architecture_n in_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o count_n of_o lesno_n the_o city_n of_o sirad_n sirad_n sirad_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o palatinate_n of_o siradia_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o south_n of_o calissia_n upon_o the_o river_n warta_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a brick_n wall_n most_o of_o the_o house_n be_v of_o wood_n and_o very_o mean_a and_o low_a this_o city_n and_o the_o territory_n about_o it_o make_v former_o a_o dukedom_n usual_o give_v to_o the_o second_o son_n of_o the_o polish_v king_n seven_o german_n petricow_n petricow_n or_o twenty_o nine_o english_a mile_n from_o sirad_n lie_v petricow_n a_o neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n where_o sit_v yearly_o the_o parliament_n of_o poland_n vielun_n vielun_n vielun_n or_o wielun_n be_v somewhat_o differ_v in_o beauty_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o these_o part_n most_o of_o its_o house_n be_v brick_n rava_n be_v as_o populous_a a_o city_n as_o vielun_n rava_n rava_n but_o short_a of_o it_o in_o the_o splendour_n of_o its_o building_n which_o be_v common_o wood_n except_o the_o castle_n which_o be_v brick_n in_o this_o be_v reposit_v a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o all_o captive_n if_o person_n of_o any_o considerable_a quality_n be_v here_o keep_v prisoner_n instance_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o the_o natural_a son_n of_o charles_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o with_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o swedish_n army_n be_v take_v prisoner_n in_o the_o lifland_n war_n and_o baldise_n general_n of_o gustaphus_n adolphus_n force_n who_o with_o streffe_n taiste_v and_o other_o colonel_n be_v take_v in_o the_o war_n of_o prussia_n five_o german_n lowicz_n lowicz_n or_o twenty_o english_a mile_n from_o rava_n lie_v lowicz_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n it_o be_v a_o place_n much_o more_o populous_a than_o rava_n and_o yearly_a in_o the_o fair-time_n throng_v with_o great_a number_n of_o merchant_n who_o flock_n thither_o from_o all_o quarter_n the_o archbishops_n palace_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o low_a and_o marshy_a ground_n nevertheless_o its_o fabric_n be_v magnificent_a and_o well_o become_v the_o state_n of_o so_o great_a a_o prince_n lancicia_n or_o lanschet_fw-mi give_v denomination_n to_o a_o palatinate_n of_o the_o same_o name_n lancicia_n lancicia_n be_v situate_a in_o a_o low_a and_o fenny_a ground_n encompass_v with_o a_o ditch_n and_o brick_n wall_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n be_v a_o monastery_n which_o may_v easy_o if_o as_o well_o provide_v for_o by_o art_n as_o nature_n be_v make_v impregnable_a there_o be_v beside_o little_a in_o the_o city_n worth_n take_v notice_n of_o except_o the_o great_a fair_n keep_v once_o a_o year_n and_o the_o session_n of_o the_o deputy_n of_o this_o palatinate_n which_o be_v here_o hold_v cujavia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o masovia_n and_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n cujavia_n cujavia_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o palatinate_v of_o lanschet_fw-mi and_z calissia_n on_o the_o north_n with_o prussia_n it_o contain_v in_o it_o two_o barony_n breast_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o east_n and_o south_n and_o juniuladislavia_n this_o country_n be_v rich_a in_o corn_n and_o cattle_n and_o well_o store_v with_o fish_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o bresty_n lie_v the_o city_n of_o vladislaw_n bresty_n bresty_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n and_o pomeren_n the_o cathedral_n here_o be_v a_o pitiful_a old-fashioned_a piece_n of_o building_n but_o well_o furnish_v with_o plate_n and_o rich_a ornament_n and_o relic_n within_o the_o house_n be_v general_o of_o brick_n mathias_n golanciew_o who_o be_v forty_o two_o year_n bishop_n of_o this_o see_v beautify_v this_o city_n very_o much_o by_o build_v that_o stately_a palace_n which_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n in_o vladislaw_n instead_o of_o a_o old_a ruinous_a castle_n and_o sound_v the_o church_n of_o st._n vital_a the_o martyr_n the_o next_o considerable_a place_n be_v bresty_n build_v of_o brick_n and_o wood_n interlayd_v the_o other_o town_n of_o note_n be_v nisaw_n a_o wall_a town_n rasienski_n guard_v with_o a_o fair_a castle_n radschow_n seat_v on_o the_o lake_n goplo_n and_o kowale_n upon_o the_o vistula_n cruswick_n belong_v proper_o to_o the_o palatinate_n of_o bresty_n though_o situate_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o inouladislavia_n cruswick_n cruswick_n in_o the_o suburb_n of_o this_o city_n stand_v a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n peter_n build_v of_o square_a stone_n with_o a_o college_n of_o twenty_o four_o canon_n in_o the_o adjoin_a island_n stand_v a_o brick_n castle_n build_v by_o popielus_n the_o elder_a who_o choose_v this_o place_n to_o live_v in_o rather_o than_o cracow_n or_o gnesna_n whither_o he_o have_v once_o remove_v his_o court_n as_o be_v of_o too_o timorous_a a_o nature_n to_o trust_v himself_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o russian_n or_o hungarian_n here_o as_o the_o polonian_a chronicle_n report_n papielus_n son_n of_o papielus_n the_o elder_a be_v devour_v by_o mouse_n heaven_n by_o this_o punishment_n revenge_v the_o blood_n of_o several_a of_o his_o relation_n who_o his_o greedy_a ambition_n of_o sway_v the_o sceptre_n have_v prompt_v he_o to_o poison_v at_o a_o banquet_n cromer_n advance_v the_o story_n by_o tell_v we_o that_o his_o father_n in_o his_o ordinary_a revel_n use_v to_o wish_v himself_o and_o his_o child_n this_o kind_n of_o death_n and_o that_o the_o mouse_n be_v miraculous_o generate_v out_o of_o the_o carcase_n of_o his_o poison_a kindred_n prussia_n accurate_a inscripta_fw-la a_o gasparo_n henneberg_n erlichensi_fw-la nobiliss_n o_o &_o tam_fw-la prosapia_fw-la
generis_fw-la quam_fw-la meritis_fw-la in_o patriam_fw-la honoratiss_fw-la o_o viro_fw-la d._n o_o nicolao_n von_n bodeck_n consuli_fw-la et_fw-la primario_fw-la judici_fw-la in_o celeberrion_n totius_fw-la maris_fw-la baltici_n emporio_fw-la urbe_fw-la gedanensi_fw-la artium_fw-la literarumque_fw-la â—autori_fw-la benevolentiss_fw-la o_o d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n masovia_n masovia_n call_v by_o the_o polander_n mazowsze_v by_o the_o german_n die_v masaw_n lie_v in_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o poland_n bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o prussia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o lithuania_n and_o polessia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n it_o be_v usual_o divide_v into_o these_o four_o part_n the_o palatinate_v of_o podlachia_n plockzo_n masovia_n strict_o so_o call_v and_o the_o territory_n of_o dobrin_n which_o last_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o plockzo_n there_o be_v different_a conjecture_n touch_v the_o original_n of_o its_o name_n the_o most_o common_o receive_v be_v that_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o mieceslaus_n the_o second_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n not_o endure_v the_o impotent_a and_o effeminate_a government_n of_o his_o survive_a queen_n rixo_n lay_v hand_n upon_o what_o every_o man_n can_v catch_v among_o these_o masos_n or_o as_o other_o call_v he_o maslaus_n former_o cupbearer_n to_o the_o decease_a king_n sieze_v upon_o that_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o he_o after_o his_o own_o name_n call_v masovia_n this_o masos_n be_v afterward_o overcome_v by_o casimir_n the_o first_o by_o who_o he_o be_v take_v and_o put_v to_o death_n by_o this_o mean_v it_o be_v again_o restore_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n though_o it_o still_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o masovia_n but_o stanislaus_n serictius_n reject_v in_o part_n this_o story_n derive_v more_o probable_o the_o massovii_n from_o the_o massagetes_n i_o know_v say_v he_o what_o our_o historian_n have_v write_v touch_v the_o original_n of_o the_o massovians_n but_o it_o seem_v incredible_a to_o i_o that_o so_o famous_a and_o courageous_a a_o people_n shall_v stoop_v to_o borrow_v their_o denomination_n from_o so_o mean_v a_o person_n in_o the_o year_n 1220_o lescus_n the_o white_a in_o the_o parliament_n of_o sandomir_n grant_v the_o dukedom_n of_o masovia_n cujavia_n and_o dobrinia_n to_o his_o brother_n conrade_n from_o which_o time_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o do_v homage_n however_o to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n till_o the_o the_o year_n 1495_o but_o then_o the_o race_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n begin_v to_o fail_v for_o that_o year_n john_n duke_n of_o masovia_n die_v a_o bachelor_n upon_o which_o john_n albert_n reunited_a plockzo_n to_o the_o crown_n leave_v the_o rest_n of_o masovia_n to_o his_o brother_n conrade_n which_o after_o his_o decease_n in_o the_o year_n 1503_o be_v grant_v to_o his_o child_n upon_o condition_n that_o for_o default_n of_o male_a issue_n it_o shall_v return_v to_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v effect_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n the_o first_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o palatinate_n of_o podlachia_n former_o belong_v to_o masovia_n and_o join_v by_o casimir_n jagellon_n to_o lithuania_n return_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1567._o there_o be_v no_o peculiar_a bishop_n in_o masovia_n but_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v divide_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o posnan_n plockzo_n and_o luceoria_n the_o metropolis_n of_o masovia_n be_v warsaw_n by_o the_o polander_v call_v warfrawa_n seat_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n upon_o the_o vistula_n encompass_v with_o a_o double_a wall_n and_o deep_a ditch_n distant_a 40_o german_n or_o 160_o english_a mile_n from_o posen_n and_o cracow_n here_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n keep_v his_o court_n in_o a_o large_a four_o square_a palace_n build_v by_o sigismond_n the_o three_o but_o much_o beautify_v by_o his_o successor_n over_o against_o this_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n which_o be_v passable_a by_o a_o stately_a wooden_a bridge_n sit_v the_o great_a parliament_n of_o poland_n in_o another_o of_o the_o king_n palace_n call_v viasdow_n seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o many_o and_o delicate_a grove_n and_o garden_n in_o the_o city_n be_v public_a building_n of_o good_a note_n the_o most_o remarkable_a of_o which_o be_v st._n john_n baptist_n church_n where_o divine_a service_n be_v perform_v by_o secular_a canon_n not_o far_o from_o viasdow_n in_o the_o suburb_n call_v cracow_n stand_v as_o a_o trophy_n of_o the_o victory_n obtain_v by_o the_o pole_n over_o the_o moscovite_n a_o small_a chapel_n build_v by_o the_o king_n command_n for_o the_o burial_n of_o demetrius_n suiscius_n great_a duke_n of_o moscovie_n who_o die_v a_o captive_a in_o the_o castle_n of_o gostenin_n the_o nobility_n of_o masovia_n which_o be_v 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whence_o you_o have_v a_o fair_a prospect_n of_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a country_n the_o city_n be_v a_o episcopal_n see_v and_o very_o populous_a there_o be_v in_o it_o several_a religious_a house_n and_o church_n beside_o the_o cathedral_n very_o well_o endow_v especial_o the_o abbey_n of_o benedictines_n in_o the_o suburb_n where_o among_o other_o relic_n be_v keep_v the_o head_n of_o st._n sigismond_n to_o who_o the_o church_n be_v dedicate_v enchase_v in_o gold_n give_v by_o sigismond_n the_o three_o the_o territory_n of_o dobrizin_n be_v proper_o a_o part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o plockzo_n though_o mr._n blaeu_o dobrzin_n dobrzin_n and_o some_o other_o have_v make_v it_o a_o distinct_a part_n of_o masovia_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o city_n dobrzin_n situate_a between_o cujavia_n and_o plockzo_n on_o a_o rock_n near_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n the_o house_n in_o it_o be_v general_o of_o wood_n and_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v environ_v with_o 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martyrdom_n in_o the_o year_n 995._o but_o this_o conjecture_n be_v vain_a and_o precarious_a for_o where_o any_o city_n of_o this_o name_n former_o stand_v or_o its_o ruin_n can_v at_o this_o day_n be_v find_v only_o he_o himself_o can_v tell_v we_o johannes_n annius_n viterbiensis_n tell_v we_o the_o prussian_n be_v at_o first_o call_v pruti_fw-la and_o that_o from_o one_o prutus_n a_o scythian_a king_n grandchild_n to_o noah_n that_o this_o nation_n be_v a_o offspring_n of_o the_o ancient_a scythian_n be_v indeed_o allowable_a but_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o story_n we_o can_v say_v no_o more_o then_o that_o it_o be_v well_o know_v how_o nimble_a this_o author_n and_o his_o feign_a berosus_n be_v at_o counterfeit_v of_o name_n in_o the_o etymology_n of_o country_n other_o of_o the_o same_o authority_n with_o viterbiensis_n bring_v the_o prussian_n out_o of_o asia_n under_o the_o command_n of_o prussia_n a_o king_n of_o bythinia_n some_o will_v have_v the_o word_n prussi_fw-fr or_o prutheni_fw-la corrupt_v
and_o many_o other_o superstition_n they_o seem_v to_o have_v borrow_v from_o the_o roman_n who_o come_v into_o this_o country_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o palaemon_n hence_o they_o use_v to_o burn_v their_o dead_a expect_v say_v cajalowicz_n part_n i._o hist_n lithv_n lib._n 5._o p._n 140._o a_o resurrection_n out_o of_o the_o ash_n at_o the_o come_n of_o a_o strange_a god_n to_o judge_v the_o whole_a earth_n from_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o their_o mountain_n from_o these_o idolatrous_a practice_n they_o be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n their_o great_a duke_n who_o a._n d._n 1386_o upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o hedvig_a queen_n of_o poland_n turn_v christian_n and_o be_v baptize_v at_o cracow_n by_o john_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o very_a pious_a and_o zealous_a prince_n and_o exceed_v diligent_a in_o bring_v over_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n at_o the_o first_o he_o meet_v with_o no_o small_a opposition_n but_o when_o the_o king_n have_v cut_v down_o their_o tall_a tree_n the_o temple_n of_o their_o heathenish_a god_n and_o not_o mischief_n befall_v he_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o think_v their_o idol_n will_v never_o take_v this_o affront_n if_o able_a to_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v resolve_v to_o listen_v to_o their_o prince_n advice_n whereupon_o the_o king_n immediate_o build_v a_o cathedral_n and_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o vilna_n and_o the_o queen_n furnish_v seven_o parish_n church_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n with_o chalice_n vestment_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n for_o divine_a service_n the_o russian_n at_o that_o time_n as_o most_o of_o they_o be_v still_o be_v member_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n so_o that_o the_o king_n think_v good_a to_o forbid_v marriage_n with_o a_o russ_n that_o will_v not_o conform_v to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n at_o this_o day_n many_o lithvanians_n be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n though_o more_o of_o the_o roman_a in_o vilna_n and_o several_a other_o great_a town_n vast_a number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v lutheran_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o palatinate_n the_o metropolis_n and_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v vilna_n the_o next_o be_v the_o palatinate_n of_o troki_n 3._o minsko_n 4._o novogrod_n 5._o breast_n 6._o volhinia_n 7._o kiow_n 8._o miecislaw_n 9_o vitebsk_v 10._o poloxko_n vilna_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n vilensski_n by_o the_o german_n die_v wild_a have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v the_o house_n be_v general_o low_a and_o mean_a all_o of_o wood_n except_v only_o in_o some_o street_n where_o merchant_n of_o other_o nation_n that_o resort_n hither_o for_o trade_n have_v build_v themselves_o more_o then_o ordinary_a gentile_a one_o of_o stone_n most_o of_o the_o church_n be_v of_o stone_n some_o of_o wood_n the_o suburb_n be_v not_o build_v here_o as_o at_o other_o city_n in_o europe_n but_o round_o the_o wall_n in_o a_o confuse_a and_o disorderly_a manner_n every_o man_n place_v his_o house_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o wooden_a booth_n where_o he_o please_v the_o citizen_n be_v exceed_o poor_a and_o idle_a slave_n to_o their_o noble_n and_o their_o belly_n they_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o great_a lover_n of_o onion_n and_o garlic_n which_o kind_n of_o diet_n help_v by_o their_o smoky_a house_n blind_v half_o of_o they_o before_o they_o arrive_v at_o any_o considerable_a age_n their_o excessive_a intemperance_n in_o drink_v breed_v continual_a quarrel_n among_o they_o if_o a_o stranger_n be_v kill_v in_o any_o such_o broil_n the_o murderer_n pay_v only_o sixteen_o dollar_n as_o a_o mulct_n if_o a_o lithvanian_a be_v slay_v and_o the_o murderer_n fly_v it_o be_v usual_a to_o preserve_v the_o dead_a corpse_n embalm_v till_o they_o can_v apprehend_v the_o fugitive_n who_o they_o can_v condemn_v without_o show_v he_o the_o carcase_n of_o he_o he_o slay_v there_o be_v not_o one_o public_a hospital_n in_o the_o whole_a city_n though_o it_o stand_v in_o more_o need_n of_o such_o a_o provision_n then_o any_o place_n in_o europe_n if_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o the_o swarm_n of_o beggar_n every_o street_n afford_v the_o only_a piece_n of_o neat_a building_n be_v the_o monastery_n of_o bernardine_n monk_n all_o of_o hew_a stone_n the_o moscovian_a company_n of_o merchant_n have_v also_o a_o considerable_o handsome_a structure_n build_v for_o a_o repository_n of_o fur_n ermine_n and_o other_o rich_a merchandise_n bring_v from_o moscow_n the_o great_a duke_n palace_n have_v nothing_o of_o note_n in_o it_o but_o the_o armoury_n which_o be_v admirable_o furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n and_o armour_n consider_v that_o lithvania_n itself_o afford_v no_o mine_n of_o brass_n or_o iron_n about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o vilna_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v another_o palace_n call_v from_o its_o situation_n wersupa_n that_o be_v near_o the_o water_n build_v by_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n all_o of_o wood_n and_o beautify_v with_o a_o park_n and_o pleasant_a orchard_n and_o garden_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lithvania_n have_v little_a in_o they_o observable_a save_v that_o they_o give_v title_n to_o palatine_n and_o duke_n what_o number_n there_o be_v of_o these_o last_o may_v be_v easy_o guess_v by_o what_o be_v report_v of_o vitoldus_n once_o great_a duke_n that_o he_o have_v no_o less_o than_o fifty_o duke_n at_o once_o in_o his_o army_n samogitia_n this_o country_n have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o situation_n which_o be_v low_a and_o wet_a samogitz_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n signify_v a_o marshy_a ground_n whence_o the_o moscovite_n call_v it_o samotzkasemla_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o liefland_n on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o some_o part_n of_o prussia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v continual_o overflow_v with_o river_n and_o lake_n unpassable_a but_o in_o a_o frost_n the_o rest_n of_o it_o be_v full_a of_o wood_n which_o afford_v good_a store_n of_o honey_n pure_a and_o better_a than_o any_o in_o lithvania_n or_o liefland_n the_o inhabitant_n differ_v little_a from_o the_o lithvanians_n either_o in_o manner_n habit_n or_o language_n they_o be_v sottish_o ignorant_a gross_o superstitious_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o use_v no_o plough_n in_o till_v their_o ground_n but_o dig_v it_o up_o with_o spade_n or_o stick_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o some_o part_n of_o moscovy_n when_o one_o of_o their_o governor_n have_v observe_v how_o far_o his_o countryman_n be_v outdo_v in_o their_o husbandry_n by_o other_o nation_n endeavour_v to_o teach_v they_o the_o art_n of_o plough_v it_o chance_v that_o for_o two_o year_n after_o their_o crop_n be_v not_o so_o rich_a as_o former_o it_o have_v be_v whereupon_o the_o people_n attribute_v the_o miscarriage_n to_o the_o new_a device_n grow_v so_o enrage_v that_o the_o governor_n be_v glad_a to_o decry_v the_o experiment_n for_o fear_n of_o a_o insurrection_n when_o vladislaus_n jagello_n have_v convert_v the_o great_a part_n of_o lithvania_n he_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v the_o samogitian_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o resolution_n he_o go_v himself_o into_o this_o country_n and_o burn_v up_o their_o hallow_a grove_n and_o destroy_v the_o serpent_n and_o other_o creature_n they_o worship_v with_o threat_n and_o promise_v make_v they_o vow_n to_o abandon_v their_o former_a idolatry_n and_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n and_o for_o fear_v that_o when_o his_o back_n be_v turn_v they_o may_v relapse_n into_o their_o former_a heathenism_n he_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o mzdniki_n endow_v it_o with_o a_o revenue_n sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o bishop_n and_o twelve_o prebend_n who_o be_v to_o officiate_v at_o so_o many_o parish_n church_n in_o and_o about_o the_o city_n howbeit_o the_o good_a king_n be_v not_o so_o successful_a in_o his_o undertake_n nor_o his_o successor_n so_o vigilant_a in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o design_n but_o that_o to_o this_o day_n many_o poor_a ignorant_a idolater_n may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o desert_a part_n of_o this_o country_n these_o like_o the_o lithvanians_n speak_v of_o before_o worship_v a_o four_o footed_a serpent_n about_o three_o hand_n long_o call_v in_o their_o tongue_n givosit_n without_o one_o of_o these_o household_n god_n you_o shall_v scarce_o find_v a_o family_n if_o any_o mischief_n befall_v they_o they_o think_v it_o be_v because_o the_o little_a deity_n have_v not_o be_v well_o attend_v another_o piece_n of_o heathenish_a superstition_n be_v still_o retain_v by_o the_o rustic_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o
and_o charles_n ix_o who_o the_o swede_n have_v set_v up_o king_n in_o his_o place_n these_o gustavus_n adolphus_n continue_v and_o in_o they_o overrun_v almost_o all_o liefland_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1629_o a_o truce_n be_v make_v for_o six_o year_n upon_o these_o term_n that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n shall_v enjoy_v all_o he_o have_v win_v this_o truce_n be_v again_o renew_v for_o 26_o year_n more_o a.d._n 1635._o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o ambassador_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o whilst_o a_o great_a part_n of_o lithvania_n be_v lay_v waist_n by_o the_o moscovite_n charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n before_o the_o 26_o year_n be_v expire_v proclaim_a war_n against_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n allege_v among_o other_o thing_n as_o a_o reason_n for_o his_o proceed_n that_o the_o polish_v ambassador_n at_o stockholm_n have_v protest_v against_o his_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n at_o the_o beginning_n the_o fortune_n of_o the_o war_n go_v much_o on_o his_o side_n but_o within_o a_o short_a while_o the_o dane_n make_v incursion_n into_o sweden_n force_v he_o to_o quit_v poland_n and_o be_v more_o concern_v to_o defend_v what_o he_o have_v at_o home_n then_o to_o seek_v for_o new_a conquest_n abroad_o however_o the_o war_n still_o continue_v till_o a.d._n 1660._o when_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n gustavus_n peace_n be_v establish_v between_o the_o two_o kingdom_n at_o oliva_n a_o monastery_n near_o dantzic_n of_o which_o these_o be_v some_o of_o the_o article_n that_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n shall_v for_o ever_o renounce_v all_o pretension_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n and_o principality_n of_o finland_n that_o he_o shall_v only_o challenge_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o sweden_n for_o his_o life_n but_o not_o make_v use_n of_o it_o in_o any_o of_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o swedish_n king_n that_o he_o shall_v deliver_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n all_v that_o part_n of_o liefland_n which_o lie_v beyond_o the_o river_n duna_n and_o disclaim_v all_o right_a and_o title_n to_o esten_n and_o oesel_n and_o whatever_o on_o this_o side_n the_o duna_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n during_o the_o truce_n that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n shall_v still_o keep_v the_o southern_a liefland_n in_o which_o be_v reckon_v duneburg_n rositen_n luzen_n marienhusen_n etc._n etc._n this_o country_n be_v long_o subject_a to_o paganism_n and_o idolatry_n until_o about_o the_o year_n 1158_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v frequent_v by_o merchant_n from_o lubeck_n who_o get_v leave_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o build_v a_o small_a chapel_n in_o a_o island_n upon_o the_o duna_n thence_o call_v kircholm_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o christian_a worship_n afterward_o menard_n a_o monk_n of_o segeberg_n be_v consecrate_v bishop_n of_o liefland_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n and_o send_v over_o by_o the_o merchant_n to_o propagate_v christianity_n in_o these_o part_n his_o seat_n be_v at_o vxkel_n a_o small_a village_n upon_o the_o duna_n not_o far_o from_o riga_n bertholdus_n a_o monk_n of_o bremen_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n paul_n succeed_v he_o in_o his_o bishopric_n he_o be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o riga_n whither_o he_o remove_v his_o see_n but_o live_v not_o long_o to_o enjoy_v it_o there_o for_o endeavour_v to_o promote_v christianity_n more_o by_o the_o sword_n than_o spirit_n he_o be_v overcome_v and_o slay_v by_o the_o pagan_n albertus_n bertholdus_n immediate_a successor_n fortify_v riga_n and_o make_v it_o a_o city_n that_o do_v he_o join_v himself_o to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sword_n bearer_n a_o order_n of_o knighthood_n confirm_v by_o pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o about_o the_o year_n 1204_o hope_v thereby_o to_o be_v better_a able_a than_o his_o predecessor_n have_v be_v to_o oppose_v the_o rage_n of_o the_o heathen_a not_o long_o after_o when_o this_o order_n be_v change_v into_o the_o teutonic_n order_n the_o bishop_n of_o riga_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o society_n subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n of_o prussia_n the_o master_n of_o which_o have_v power_n give_v he_o to_o appoint_v a_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o prussian_a bishop_n of_o culm_n pomesen_n and_o sambland_n do_v though_o not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o advance_v the_o power_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o riga_n make_v he_o a_o archbishop_n and_o themselves_o his_o suffragans_fw-la only_o the_o bishop_n of_o warm_a as_o have_v never_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n will_v not_o yield_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o member_n of_o the_o province_n of_o riga_n in_o this_o state_n the_o church_n of_o liefland_n continue_v for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1513_o william_n plettenberg_n the_o xli_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n buy_v off_o all_o homage_n to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n in_o prussia_n and_o be_v himself_o make_v absolute_a prince_n of_o liefland_n his_o successor_n live_v and_o enjoy_v their_o dominion_n in_o peace_n till_o the_o day_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n but_o afterward_o what_o with_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a war_n and_o the_o continual_a incursion_n of_o the_o moscovite_n polander_n swede_n and_o dane_n the_o country_n be_v bring_v to_o be_v a_o mere_a medley_n of_o man_n and_o religion_n at_o this_o day_n those_o part_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o dane_n and_o swede_n do_v general_o profess_v the_o lutheran_n religion_n most_o of_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n adhere_v to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n though_o some_o be_v lutheran_n in_o some_o part_n of_o esten_n the_o poor_a ignorant_a rustic_n be_v half_a pagan_n liefland_n be_v former_o divide_v into_o two_o part_n only_o let_v and_o esten_n to_o which_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sword_n bearer_n add_v curland_n some_o have_v divide_v the_o whole_a country_n into_o six_o part_n curland_n semigal_n esten_n let_v harland_n and_o virland_n but_o semigal_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o province_n of_o curland_n and_o harland_n and_o virland_n part_n of_o esten_n of_o these_o curland_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o its_o own_o duke_n who_o nevertheless_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n some_o part_n also_o of_o let_v which_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o south_n liefland_n be_v since_o the_o treaty_n at_o oliva_n in_o that_o king_n possession_n the_o curoni_n ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o curland_n and_o semigal_n be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o caryones_n mention_v by_o ptolomey_n there_o be_v not_o far_o from_o windaw_n a_o small_a village_n which_o still_o bear_v their_o memory_n in_o its_o name_n be_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o this_o day_n call_v curon_n the_o most_o notable_a place_n in_o it_o be_v 1._o mitaw_fw-mi the_o seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n mauss_n take_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o but_o restore_v a.d._n 1629._o the_o town_n be_v but_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a but_o the_o castle_n magnificent_o rebuilt_a by_o some_o of_o the_o late_a duke_n 2._o windaw_n or_o winden_n as_o the_o german_n write_v it_o though_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v it_o kies_n seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n windaw_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n here_o former_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n afterward_o the_o general_a parliament_n or_o great_a council_n of_o curland_n have_v their_o session_n in_o this_o city_n which_o make_v it_o exceed_o populous_a at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v little_a appearance_n of_o its_o ancient_a splendour_n nor_o be_v it_o frequent_v by_o any_o but_o a_o few_o dutch_a merchant_n who_o be_v here_o lade_v with_o tar_n pitch_n and_o wax_n it_o be_v a_o mistake_n very_o ordinary_a among_o the_o historian_n that_o write_v of_o this_o country_n to_o confound_v this_o city_n with_o wenden_n in_o let_v tell_v we_o that_o this_o too_o be_v call_v by_o the_o polander_v kies_n and_o the_o old_a dutch_a sea-cart_n mention_v a_o kind_n of_o castle_n with_o three_o tower_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o windaw_n but_o never_o take_v notice_n of_o of_o any_o sea-port-town_n in_o this_o place_n 3._o pilten_a or_o piltyn_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o curland_n build_v by_o waldemar_n king_n of_o denmark_n a.d._n 1219._o the_o southern_a or_o polish_v liefland_n contain_v only_o a_o few_o small_a town_n or_o village_n among_o which_o there_o be_v nothing_o worth_a take_v notice_n of_o but_o duneburg_n a_o castle_n as_o its_o name_n intimate_v seat_v on_o the_o river_n duna_n volhinia_n podolia_n etc._n etc._n though_o the_o polish_v dominion_n reach_v former_o a_o considerable_a
iron-mine_n and_o indifferent_a good_a store_n of_o corn_n it_o have_v but_o one_o city_n in_o it_o call_v gevalia_n commodious_o situate_v upon_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n half_o a_o day_n journey_n from_o kupferberg_n 2._o helsingia_n helsingia_n helsingia_n which_o be_v ancient_o a_o general_a name_n for_o all_o the_o northern_a province_n from_o the_o north-sea_n to_o the_o river_n vla_n and_o the_o lake_n vlatresk_n in_o the_o north_n of_o cajania_n as_o appear_v from_o some_o record_n of_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o telgis_n a._n 1328_o and_o a_o distinct_a kingdom_n of_o itself_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o king_n till_o the_o time_n of_o ingellus_fw-la the_o second_o king_n of_o vpsal_n so_o be_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n ancient_o style_v who_o at_o his_o coronation_n invite_v the_o king_n of_o helsingia_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n to_o the_o solemnity_n and_o after_o have_v make_v they_o drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n set_v fire_n on_o the_o palace_n and_o so_o destroy_v they_o all_o and_o seize_v their_o possession_n which_o ever_o after_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n have_v ancient_o a_o peculiar_a language_n of_o their_o own_o and_o also_o a_o alphabet_n altogether_o distinct_a from_o the_o runick_a as_o appear_v by_o several_a old_a monument_n find_v among_o they_o they_o be_v record_v to_o have_v fight_v many_o famous_a battle_n with_o their_o neighbour_n of_o finland_n carelia_n and_o cajania_n and_o after_o have_v drive_v some_o of_o their_o enemy_n as_o far_o as_o the_o sund_n in_o memory_n of_o their_o conquest_n and_o to_o eternize_v their_o name_n to_o have_v build_v the_o city_n helsingburg_n from_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v come_v the_o nylander_n who_o border_n upon_o carelia_n and_o use_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o speech_n to_o this_o day_n the_o native_n be_v general_o very_o hospitable_a and_o courteous_a to_o stranger_n of_o a_o docile_a and_o ingenious_a disposition_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n endeavour_v to_o be_v neat_a and_o handsome_a within_o door_n the_o whole_a country_n of_o helsingia_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o province_n 1._o helsingia_n proper_o so_o call_v helsingia_n helsingia_n heretofore_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o sundhede_v which_o have_v in_o it_o three_o lesser_a division_n alora_n through_o which_o run_v the_o river_n liusna_n sundhede_v in_o the_o midst_n whereof_o be_v the_o lake_n dil_n and_o nordstigh_a not_o far_o from_o the_o wood_n arskog_n the_o soil_n be_v indifferent_o fruitful_a for_o corn_n but_o chief_o for_o pasture_n the_o inhabitant_n most_o employ_v themselves_o in_o feed_v and_o manage_v their_o stock_n of_o cattle_n here_o be_v but_o one_o city_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n call_v hudingsvaldia_n remarkable_a for_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n butter_n hydes_n pitch_n rosin_n mast_n of_o ship_n and_o deal-board_n that_o be_v convey_v hence_o into_o other_o country_n 2._o medelpadia_n medelpadia_n medelpadia_n much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o helsingia_n but_o only_o it_o be_v narrow_a and_o abound_v more_o with_o wood_n and_o mountain_n in_o it_o be_v two_o river_n very_o full_a of_o fish_n some_o say_v the_o king_n of_o helsingia_n ancient_o reside_v here_o 3._o angermannia_n a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a angermannia_n angermannia_n yet_o in_o some_o place_n mountainous_a country_n the_o soil_n be_v so_o good_a and_o certain_a that_o though_o it_o bear_v corn_n plentiful_o it_o need_v not_o be_v manure_v above_o once_o in_o ten_o year_n it_o be_v divide_v in_o the_o middle_n into_o two_o part_n the_o northern_a and_o southern_a by_o a_o great_a wood_n which_o run_v all_o along_o from_o the_o ragged_a mountain_n scula_n and_o thence_o take_v its_o name_n water_v it_o be_v by_o only_o one_o river_n well_o store_v with_o salmon_n and_o other_o fish_n secure_v by_o one_o city_n name_v hernosandia_n yield_v the_o same_o commodity_n as_o hudingsvaldia_n only_o it_o afford_v no_o copper_n 4._o bothnia_n bothnia_n bothnia_n not_o so_o full_a of_o mountain_n as_o angermannia_n of_o a_o sandy_a and_o barren_a turf_n but_o well_o supply_v with_o fish_n and_o other_o commodity_n it_o have_v in_o it_o several_a river_n of_o considerable_a bigness_n which_o empty_a themselves_o into_o the_o bothnick-bay_n city_n here_o be_v none_o but_o this_o defect_n be_v supply_v by_o a_o frequency_n of_o market-town_n which_o be_v almost_o as_o numerous_a as_o the_o parish_n the_o advantage_n of_o this_o country_n be_v chief_o by_o the_o trade_n from_o the_o near_a part_n of_o lapland_n which_o be_v manage_v chief_o by_o the_o birkarli_n and_o all_o come_v to_o the_o seaside_n this_o way_n ii_o sueonia_n or_o sweden_n strict_o so_o take_v sueonia_n sueonia_n which_o contain_v in_o it_o these_o five_o province_n vplandia_n westmannia_n dalecarlia_n nericia_n and_o sudermannia_n dalecarliae_fw-la et_fw-la westmanniae_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la viro_fw-la illust_n mo_z d._n no_o petro_n julio_n coyet_n equite_v aurato_fw-la s._n r._n m._n sueciae_fw-la cosiliario_n aulico_fw-la scretario_n status_fw-la et_fw-la nunc_fw-la ad_fw-la confoederatos_fw-la belgas_n extra_fw-la ordinem_fw-la ablegato_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joh._n janssonius_n vplandia_n 2._o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o on_o the_o south_n or_o southeast_n of_o dalecarlia_n lie_v west_n or_o wester-mannia_a or_o westmannerland_n border_v upon_o upland_n and_o gestricia_n it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o several_a dale_n or_o division_n that_o be_v in_o it_o divide_v into_o three_o part_n viz._n oster_n wester_n and_n sun-dalia_a the_o soil_n be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o the_o mine_n very_o considerable_a afford_v steel_n iron_n copper_n lead_v and_o some_o vein_n of_o sulphur_n in_o great_a quantity_n than_o those_o of_o any_o other_o province_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n there_o be_v also_o a_o silver_n i_o discover_v and_o make_v use_v of_o at_o salberg_n the_o city_n here_o be_v three_o arosia_n arbogia_n and_o kope_v the_o chief_a of_o these_o be_v arosia_n or_o westeras_n a_o bishop_n seat_n where_o in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v several_a great_a stone_n with_o gothick_n inscription_n as_o there_o be_v likewise_o at_o stregnesia_n in_o this_o city_n the_o agreement_n by_o which_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v change_v from_o a_o elective_a to_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n be_v conclude_v ann_n 1540_o in_o the_o time_n of_o gustavus_n i._o and_o thence_o call_v pactum_fw-la arosiense_n the_o history_n be_v thus_o the_o swede_n not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v the_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n of_o christiern_n ii_o then_o king_n both_o of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n forsake_v their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o prince_n gustavus_n who_o have_v wonderful_o escape_v from_o his_o imprisonment_n in_o denmark_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o expel_v he_o their_o country_n and_o at_o last_o gain_v their_o former_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n whereupon_o to_o requite_v their_o general_n for_o this_o signal_n good_a he_o have_v do_v the_o public_a they_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o one_o canutus_n precedent_n of_o the_o council_n and_o johannes_n gothus_n the_o pope_n legate_n ann_n 1523_o unanimous_o elect_v he_o king_n and_o consider_v how_o much_o it_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o have_v the_o succession_n ascertain_v to_o his_o issue_n they_o in_o the_o year_n 1540_o whole_o give_v up_o their_o power_n of_o elect_v their_o king_n for_o the_o future_a and_o by_o oath_n and_o solemn_a covenant_n settle_v the_o crown_n upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o which_o confidence_n of_o the_o people_n in_o their_o prince_n be_v justify_v in_o the_o event_n for_o the_o new_a king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o abuse_v his_o absolute_a power_n that_o in_o that_o very_a year_n he_o publish_v many_o law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o people_n 3._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d south_n of_o westmannia_n lie_v nericia_n a_o little_a but_o fruitful_a province_n yield_v good_a store_n of_o sulphur_n alum_n and_o vitriol_n some_o silver_n mine_n there_o be_v but_o not_o labour_v most_o of_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v smith_n who_o supply_v the_o whole_a country_n especial_o those_o that_o work_n in_o the_o mine_n with_o iron_n instrument_n of_o all_o sort_n here_o be_v one_o city_n name_v orebrogia_n 4._o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o south_n or_o southeast_n of_o nericia_n lie_v sudermannia_n or_o sudermanland_n have_v on_o the_o east_n the_o baltic_a sea_n ostrogothia_a on_o the_o south_n and_o the_o lake_n meller_n on_o the_o north._n it_o be_v famous_a for_o several_a city_n it_o contain_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v nicopia_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o sudermannia_n here_o also_o be_v the_o place_n for_o building_n of_o ship_n the_o workman_n be_v good_a and_o material_n cheap_a next_o to_o this_o be_v stregnesia_n a_o bishop_n seat_n with_o telga_n torsilia_n and_o trosa_n all_o commodious_a for_o
gustavus_n x._o ann_n 1655_o and_o by_o this_o present_a king_n charles_n xi_o in_o 1663._o public_o ratify_v and_o subscribe_v to_o and_o ever_o since_o by_o he_o maintain_v so_o that_o lutheranism_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v take_v deep_a root_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o clergy_n of_o sweden_n be_v have_v in_o great_a honour_n and_o reputation_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o though_o the_o revenue_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n be_v since_o the_o reformation_n very_o much_o impair_v gustavus_n i._n annex_v as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o the_o crown_n at_o one_o time_n 7500_o farm_n and_o ecclesiastical_a live_n yet_o the_o respect_n due_a to_o their_o minister_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v much_o abate_v their_o archbishop_n always_o perform_v the_o religious_a solemnity_n at_o the_o king_n coronation_n and_z with_o as_o many_o bishop_n as_o the_o king_n please_v to_o choose_v be_v admit_v privy-counsellor_n to_o his_o majesty_n he_o be_v reckon_v the_o chief_a person_n in_o the_o kingdom_n next_o to_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o according_o take_v place_n of_o all_o temporal_a lord_n and_o ancient_o when_o it_o be_v grant_v to_o a_o knight_n or_o lay-privy-counsellor_n to_o have_v only_o twelve_o and_o a_o senator_n eight_o it_o be_v order_v that_o he_o may_v have_v forty_o and_o a_o bishop_n thirty_o horse_n in_o their_o retinue_n he_o have_v under_o he_o seven_o suffragans_fw-la viz._n the_o bishop_n of_o lyncopen_n scare_n stergne_n westeras_fw-la wexio_fw-la aboa_n and_o riga_n and_o divers_a superintendent_o who_o have_v episcopal_a jurisdiction_n viz._n of_o calmare_n gottenburgh_n marienstadt_n revel_v etc._n etc._n all_o which_o make_v up_o a_o ecclesiastical_a college_n call_v the_o supreme_a consistory_n of_o the_o kingdom_n wherein_o the_o archbishop_n always_o preside_v the_o clergy_n of_o this_o nation_n say_v loccenius_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o eastern_a church_n use_v to_o marry_v till_o pope_n innocent_a iu_o by_o a_o council_n hold_v at_o sceningia_n a_o city_n of_o ostrogothia_a ann_n 1248_o forbid_v marriage_n to_o priest_n and_o cause_v those_o that_o have_v wife_n to_o put_v they_o away_o what_o concern_v their_o religion_n or_o their_o church-government_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o lutheran_n must_v be_v elsewhere_o more_o large_o treat_v of_o the_o king_n be_v the_o absolute_a sovereign_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n which_o he_o determine_v not_o without_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n he_o name_v all_o the_o bishop_n and_o by_o his_o power_n be_v summon_v all_o ecclesiastical_a assembly_n author_n make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o their_o bishop_n and_o superintendent_o but_o it_o be_v not_o considerable_a both_o equal_o depend_v upon_o the_o archbishop_n but_o the_o superintendent_o have_v not_o in_o all_o thing_n equal_a power_n with_o the_o bishop_n 5._o the_o five_o and_o last_o city_n of_o vpland_n be_v stockholm_n stockholme_n stockholme_n lie_v in_o 42_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o of_o latitude_n 58_o ten_o minute_n a_o town_n of_o great_a trade_n the_o present_a seat_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n situate_v it_o be_v in_o a_o island_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o lake_n meller_n encompass_v on_o all_o side_n especial_o that_o towards_o the_o sea_n with_o high_a rugged_a rock_n call_v scheren_n which_o hinder_v the_o prospect_n of_o the_o city_n but_o very_o much_o secure_v the_o haven_n which_o be_v very_o large_a and_o of_o dangerous_a entrance_n though_o these_o rock_n be_v a_o defence_n to_o the_o town_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o they_o it_o be_v sometime_o set_v upon_o by_o a_o enemy_n unaware_o as_o it_o be_v by_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n anno_fw-la 1594._o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v found_v by_o king_n birgerus_n anno_fw-la 1261_o and_o from_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o wood_n use_v in_o the_o build_n of_o it_o call_v stockholme_n stock_n signify_v wood_n and_o holme_n a_o island_n but_o anno_fw-la 1552_o a_o fire_n happen_v in_o the_o city_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o wooden_a building_n burn_v down_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o it_o be_v by_o public_a command_n rebuilt_a part_n of_o stone_n part_n of_o brick_n part_v also_o upon_o pile_n so_o that_o the_o sea_n flow_v under_o the_o house_n in_o it_o be_v several_a large_a well-built_a bridge_n only_o two_o gate_n open_v to_o the_o south_n and_o north._n public_a inn_n or_o lodging-house_n here_o be_v none_o but_o stranger_n take_v up_o their_o quarter_n with_o some_o of_o the_o burgher_n entertainment_n handsome_a and_o charge_v not_o great_a an._n 1407_o it_o be_v consume_v by_o lightning_n and_o some_o thousand_o of_o people_n destroy_v by_o the_o fire_n in_o 1529_o king_n gustavus_n the_o first_o called_z several_z principal_a burgher_n and_o merchant_n out_o of_o other_o city_n to_o inhabit_v this_o most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v drive_v hence_o by_o the_o tyranny_n of_o christiern_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n there_o be_v in_o it_o eight_o church_n in_o all_o one_o of_o which_o be_v supply_v by_o a_o finlandish_a another_o by_o a_o german_a minister_n who_o constant_o preach_v in_o their_o own_o language_n in_o the_o citadel_n be_v the_o king_n palace_n handsome_o build_v some_o part_n eight_o or_o nine_o story_n high_a yet_o of_o great_a strength_n and_o security_n within_o it_o be_v a_o large_a and_o magnificent_a church_n build_v by_o king_n john_n erect_v upon_o marble_n pillar_n and_o roof_v with_o copper_n with_o a_o private_a chapel_n for_o the_o king_n very_o large_a also_o have_v forty_o window_n on_o each_o side_n where_o at_o the_o high_a altar_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o massy_a silver_n image_n of_o our_o saviour_n crucify_v in_o full_a proportion_n this_o city_n have_v be_v very_o often_o besiege_v ann_n 1434_o by_o the_o people_n of_o sweden_n who_o rebel_v upon_o account_n of_o foreign_a officer_n employ_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n '_o by_o king_n john_n 1481_o 1522_o by_o gustavus_n i._o and_o at_o other_o time_n the_o enemy_n always_o take_v advantage_n of_o a_o hill_n call_v bruncaberge_n so_o near_o that_o from_o it_o they_o can_v batter_v the_o citadel_n the_o arm_n of_o this_o city_n be_v the_o head_n of_o saint_n ericus_n crown_v or_o take_v by_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o state_n in_o remembrance_n of_o that_o king_n virtue_n and_o piety_n and_o those_o of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v three_o crown_n or_o in_o a_o field_n azure_a give_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n this_o be_v the_o metropolis_n and_o lie_v so_o convenient_o be_v the_o great_a place_n of_o trade_n in_o the_o whole_a nation_n from_o whence_o be_v export_v copper_n iron_n steel_n lead_v deal-board_n and_o very_o many_o manufacture_n make_v of_o those_o material_n copper_n especial_o whereof_o this_o kingdom_n supply_v the_o necessity_n almost_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n this_o city_n be_v govern_v by_o four_o chief_a magistrate_n or_o consul_n who_o be_v elect_v out_o of_o the_o burgher_n and_o enjoy_v the_o dignity_n for_o their_o life_n their_o office_n be_v to_o give_v law_n and_o decide_v controversy_n arise_v betwixt_o one_o citizen_n and_o another_o if_o of_o lesser_a concern_n but_o if_o of_o great_a moment_n they_o always_o have_v the_o assistance_n of_o the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o castle_n who_o be_v precedent_n of_o the_o court_n for_o that_o time_n and_o either_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o case_n or_o transmits_n it_n to_o the_o king_n council_n they_o perform_v this_o office_n by_o turn_n two_o have_v precedence_n and_o supply_v it_o one_o and_o the_o other_o two_o the_o next_o year_n when_o any_o extraordinary_a affair_n happen_v they_o may_v have_v the_o assistance_n of_o some_o of_o the_o principal_a citizen_n who_o take_v upon_o they_o particular_a business_n as_o the_o care_n of_o building_n the_o decision_n of_o some_o private_a action_n promulgation_n of_o law_n etc._n etc._n beside_o these_o there_o be_v twelve_o senator_n or_o alderman_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o city_n who_o have_v the_o office_n likewise_o for_o their_o life_n out_o of_o these_o four_z be_v elect_v to_o be_v assessor_n to_o the_o consul_n and_o in_o all_o case_n and_o difference_n arise_v to_o assist_v they_o in_o this_o city_n common_o reside_v a_o great_a number_n of_o foreigner_n german_n and_o finlander_n especial_o who_o as_o all_o other_o of_o the_o lutheran_n persuasion_n be_v allow_v free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n which_o be_v not_o grant_v to_o any_o of_o the_o roman_a communion_n the_o soil_n of_o the_o country_n hereabout_o soil_n soil_n as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o sweden_n be_v general_o fruitful_a afford_v store_n of_o corn_n as_o wheat_n rye_n barley_n oat_n etc._n etc._n and_o pasturage_n and_o in_o some_o place_v no_o small_a quantity_n of_o wood._n in_o the_o
city_n name_v tingvalla_fw-la 4._o hallandia_n hallandia_n hallandia_n which_o have_v oâ—_n the_o west_n the_o sinus_n codanus_n on_o the_o south_n schonen_fw-mi and_o on_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n smalandia_n and_o westro-gothia_a a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a province_n reach_v in_o length_n from_o bahusia_n to_o the_o city_n laaholm_n upon_o a_o small_a river_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o sinus_n codanus_n several_a mile_n but_o in_o breadth_n in_o some_o part_v not_o above_o half_a a_o mile_n and_o where_o broad_a not_o exceed_v three_o mile_n it_o have_v in_o it_o four_o city_n 1._o halmstadt_n 2._o falkenburg_n 3._o laaholm_n 4._o waersburg_n all_o lie_v upon_o the_o codane_a bay_n very_o convenient_o for_o trade_n and_o export_v of_o those_o commodity_n which_o come_v out_o of_o the_o more_o northerly_a province_n in_o the_o year_n 1645_o by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n hold_v betwixt_o christina_n queen_n of_o swedland_n and_o christian_n the_o iv_o king_n of_o denmark_n this_o province_n with_o all_o its_o city_n town_n fort_n and_o appurtenance_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n for_o thirty_o year_n as_o a_o pledge_n of_o security_n whereby_o the_o swede_n may_v be_v ascertain_v of_o their_o free_a passage_n through_o the_o sund_n or_o oresund_n the_o controversy_n about_o which_o have_v be_v the_o chief_a occasion_n of_o their_o former_a war_n at_o the_o end_n of_o thirty_o year_n if_o the_o swede_n think_v convenient_a either_o this_o province_n be_v to_o be_v retain_v by_o they_o as_o a_o pledge_n for_o the_o perform_n of_o the_o covenant_n on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o dane_n or_o they_o to_o have_v some_o other_o province_n or_o city_n and_o fort_n equivalent_a to_o it_o give_v into_o their_o hand_n which_o may_v be_v to_o they_o sufficient_a assecuration_n an._n 1658_o by_o article_n of_o a_o peace_n conclude_v at_o roschild_n a_o city_n in_o zealand_n it_o with_o all_o its_o city_n town_n and_o fort_n be_v grant_v to_o charles_n the_o x_o than_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o to_o his_o successor_n for_o ever_o ii_o eastern-east_n or_o ostrogothia_a ostrogothia_a ostrogothia_a which_o have_v in_o it_o these_o province_n 1._o ostrogothia_a proper_o so_o call_v 2._o smalandia_n and_o 3._o oelandia_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v gotlandia_n scania_n and_o bleckingia_n gothia_n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a ere_fw-we mosem_n pitt_n scania_n vulgo_fw-la schonen_fw-mi apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n viroillustri_fw-la &_o generosissimo_fw-la dno_fw-la otthoni_fw-la kragh_n toparchae_fw-la in_o trutzholm_n summo_fw-la r._n m._n dan_o secretario_fw-la patrono_fw-la svo_fw-la magno_fw-la dedicat_fw-la &_o consecrat_n johannes_n janssonius_n 2._o smalandia_n part_v from_o ostrogothia_a by_o the_o wood_n holavedh_n a_o very_a large_a province_n be_v 95_o german_a mile_n in_o compass_n indifferent_o fruitful_a in_o those_o part_n where_o it_o be_v not_o overgrow_v with_o wood_n it_o abound_v very_o much_o with_o cattle_n whence_o some_o say_v it_o have_v its_o name_n smala_n signify_v cattle_n which_o be_v export_v hence_o in_o great_a number_n into_o denmark_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o germany_n and_o holland_n in_o it_o there_o be_v very_o many_o lake_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v bolm_n viostez_n moklen_n and_o asnan_n rivers_z likewise_o not_o a_o few_o as_o nyssea_n laga_n helga_n marboa_n aem_n etc._n etc._n this_o country_n be_v cut_v out_o into_o several_a division_n or_o territory_n the_o principal_a of_o which_o be_v tieherad_n verendia_fw-la which_o be_v say_v ancient_o to_o have_v have_v distinct_a law_n of_o its_o own_o tiustia_n finheidia_n and_o mauringia_n etc._n etc._n it_o abound_v with_o several_a mine_n as_o of_o copper_n and_o lead_n and_o in_o some_o part_n with_o great_a store_n of_o iron_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o their_o lake_n and_o rivers_n city_n here_o be_v 1._o calmar_n who_o name_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v give_v to_o it_o by_o the_o german_n from_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n which_o blow_v from_o the_o baltic_a sea_n here_o be_v a_o very_a convenient_a port_n frequent_v by_o our_o english_a merchant_n and_o some_o of_o other_o nation_n in_o the_o year_n 1230_o ericus_n king_n of_o denmark_n norway_n and_o swedland_n institute_v thirteen_o prebendary_n in_o this_o city_n and_o order_v that_o the_o cathedral_n church_n here_o shall_v have_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o ecclesiastical_a college_n it_o be_v at_o present_a govern_v by_o one_o superintendent_n who_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o public_a consistory_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o city_n be_v sometime_o under_o the_o power_n of_o john_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o christiern_n the_o second_o who_o succeed_v he_o but_o not_o long_o after_o regain_v by_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1611_o christianus_n the_o four_o king_n of_o denmark_n take_v this_o city_n put_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o sword_n but_o two_o year_n after_o it_o be_v by_o virtue_n of_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n make_v betwixt_o the_o northern_a crown_n restore_v to_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1647_o it_o be_v almost_o quite_o consume_v by_o fire_n not_o above_o sixty_o house_n leave_v stand_v in_o the_o whole_a city_n but_o since_o that_o be_v very_o handsome_o rebuilt_a and_o at_o present_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o commodious_a situation_n upon_o the_o baltic_a a_o very_a considerable_a trade-town_n 2._o jenecoepia_n or_o jenecoep_v situate_a in_o a_o vale_n near_o the_o lake_n veter_fw-la build_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o wood_n a_o city_n quite_o naked_a and_o easy_a of_o access_n it_o be_v report_v that_o ancient_o the_o house_n of_o this_o city_n be_v cover_v on_o the_o outside_n not_o with_o thatch_n or_o stone_n but_o with_o a_o sort_n of_o courser_n cloth_n or_o canvas_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n think_v a_o great_a piece_n of_o handsomeness_n m._n heberer_n in_o his_o itinerary_a report_n that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o this_o city_n he_o find_v a_o great_a number_n of_o very_o large_a serpent_n which_o be_v keep_v tame_a by_o the_o citizen_n and_o though_o they_o be_v familiar_o admit_v into_o their_o house_n yet_o never_o do_v they_o any_o injury_n whether_o or_o no_o they_o use_v to_o eat_v they_o as_o the_o indian_n be_v say_v to_o do_v at_o this_o day_n be_v not_o by_o he_o set_v down_o though_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o do_v not_o feed_v they_o in_o their_o house_n for_o no_o other_o end_n then_o to_o sport_n with_o 3._o vexio_n a_o bishop_n see_v where_o some_o of_o the_o first_o planter_n of_o christianity_n as_o be_v say_v lie_v bury_v 4._o ekesio_n and_o 5._o vesterwick_n 3._o oelandia_n a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a island_n lie_v in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n divide_v from_o smalandia_n by_o a_o very_a narrow_a bay_n in_o it_o be_v cattle_n as_o ox_n horse_n etc._n etc._n bird_n also_o and_o wild-beast_n in_o great_a plenty_n and_o beside_o the_o fort_n call_v barkholme_n or_o bornholme_n two_o and_o thirty_o parish_n in_o all_o this_o island_n be_v by_o the_o dane_n yield_v up_o to_o gustavus_n adolphus_n a_o 1613._o see_v more_o concern_v it_o among_o the_o accessional_a province_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n 4._o scania_n or_o schonen_fw-mi a_o province_n abound_v with_o corn_n beast_n bird_n and_o all_o other_o commodity_n of_o life_n here_o several_a mine_n of_o silver_n lead_v iron_n etc._n etc._n be_v say_v to_o be_v labour_v and_o their_o metal_n to_o be_v hence_o transport_v into_o other_o country_n but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o mistake_n either_o from_o the_o confound_a of_o the_o word_n scandia_n with_o scania_n which_o be_v frequent_o do_v by_o geographer_n or_o from_o count_v that_o metal_n which_o be_v bring_v hither_o from_o the_o more_o northern_a province_n to_o come_v immediate_o from_o this_o this_o province_n a_o 1658_o be_v cede_v to_o the_o swede_n and_o a_o 1660_o confirm_v to_o they_o so_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v one_o of_o the_o new_a accession_n to_o the_o kingdom_n among_o which_o see_v a_o description_n of_o it_o 5._o blekingia_n a_o fruitful_a province_n lie_v upon_o the_o baltic_a coast_n it_o be_v give_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n a_n 1658_o and_o as_o be_v schonen_fw-mi confirm_v to_o they_o a_o 1660._o a_o large_a account_n of_o this_o province_n may_v be_v expect_v by_o and_o by_o 6._o gothlandia_n or_o gothland_n a_o island_n lie_v in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n over_o against_o ostrogothia_a about_o eighteen_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o five_o or_o six_o in_o breadth_n fourteen_o mile_n from_o the_o gothick_n shore_n twenty_o from_o curland_n thirty_o from_o dantzic_n fifty_o from_o bornholme_n and_o eighty_o from_o rostock_n it_o have_v in_o it_o one_o city_n name_v wisbuy_n or_o visburg_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o island_n when_o it_o be_v under_o the_o danish_a
forty_o german_a mile_n from_o pleskow_n and_o as_o many_o from_o novogardia_n 2._o nieslot_n or_o neuschlos_n i._n e._n new_a fort_n not_o far_o from_o the_o lake_n peipus_n upon_o the_o river_n narva_n 2._o viria_n wiria_n or_o wilandia_n viria_n viria_n which_o have_v alentakia_n on_o the_o east_n harria_n on_o the_o west_n the_o finnic_a bay_n on_o the_o north_n and_o jervia_n on_o the_o south_n place_n remarkable_a in_o it_o be_v 1._o wesenberg_n not_o far_o from_o the_o river_n weissenaa_n which_o a._n d._n 1581._o be_v take_v by_o the_o swede_n from_o the_o muscovite_n 2._o tolsburg_n twelve_o mile_n distant_a from_o wesenberg_n 3._o borcholm_n 3._o harria_n or_o harrenland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o wicia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o viria_n and_o on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n with_o the_o finnic_a bay_n in_o this_o division_n be_v revalia_n the_o metropolis_n of_o liefland_n a_o little_a but_o handsome_a pleasant_a and_o well_o fortify_v city_n lie_v in_o 59_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n of_o longitude_n in_o the_o year_n 1374_o it_o be_v sell_v to_o the_o great_a master_n of_o livonia_n in_o 1561_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o muscovite_n it_o commit_v itself_o to_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v subject_n to_o they_o here_o be_v ancient_o a_o bishop_n see_v but_o since_o lutheranism_n spread_v itself_o into_o these_o part_n that_o title_n be_v here_o discontinue_v and_o all_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n manage_v by_o superintendent_o for_o the_o promote_a of_o learning_n and_o good_a education_n this_o city_n have_v one_o public_a gymnasium_n wherein_o professor_n and_o tutor_n be_v maintain_v to_o read_v and_o teach_v humanity_n and_o all_o the_o liberal_a arts._n the_o chief_a church_n be_v dedicate_v to_o st._n olaus_n not_o far_o from_o this_o place_n be_v the_o monastery_n of_o st._n bridget_n seat_v upon_o the_o finnic_a coast_n and_o the_o fort_n pade_n or_o badis_n lie_v upon_o the_o river_n assa_n 4._o vikia_fw-la wicia_n or_o wikke_n which_o have_v in_o it_o these_o three_o place_n of_o note_n 1._o habsalia_n habsel_n lie_v upon_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n former_o viz._n in_o the_o time_n of_o frideric_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o dane_n afterward_o a._n d._n 1575._o take_v by_o the_o muscovite_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1581._o gain_v by_o john_n iii_o king_n of_o sweden_n 2._o lode_n 3._o leal_n 4._o wickel_n or_o wyck_n all_o fort_n of_o good_a strength_n and_o consideration_n 5._o jervia_n which_o lie_v landward_o almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o other_o district_v it_o contain_v wittenstein_n oberpalen_n and_o lau_n or_o lais_n place_n of_o moment_n ii_o odepoa_n bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o lake_n peipus_n on_o the_o north_n with_o embeck_n and_o the_o river_n fela_fw-mi and_o pernavia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o great_a bay_n of_o livonia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o lettia_n in_o it_o be_v these_o place_n of_o note_n viz._n 1._o derpat_o derbat_n dorpat_o or_o as_o the_o russes_z call_v it_o juriogoord_n a_o large_a city_n build_v most_o of_o stone_n and_o brick_n and_o secure_v by_o strong_a stonewall_n where_o be_v former_o a_o bishop_n seat_n it_o be_v heretofore_o under_o the_o tzar_n of_o muscovy_n a._n d._n 1230._o under_o the_o pole_n a._n d._n 1582._o afterward_o take_v from_o they_o by_o charles_n duke_n of_o sudermannia_n but_o by_o they_o regain_v a._n d._n 1603._o in_o the_o year_n 1625_o when_o gustavus_n adolphus_n send_v force_n into_o livonia_n under_o the_o command_n of_o jacobus_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr gardie_n this_o city_n be_v gain_v to_o the_o swedish_n crown_n and_o ever_o since_o remain_v as_o a_o part_n of_o its_o possession_n here_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n of_o life_n and_o the_o healthfulness_n of_o the_o air_n gustavus_n adolphus_n ann_n 1632_o at_o the_o desire_n of_o one_o john_n skytte_n baron_n in_o ouderof_o who_o have_v sometime_o be_v tutor_n to_o that_o king_n institute_v a_o university_n and_o appoint_v and_o stipend_v one_o rector_n and_o several_a professor_n for_o theology_n history_n mathematics_n etc._n etc._n 2._o warbeck_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n embeck_n 3._o kannelek_n 4._o the_o fort_n ringen_n 5._o odepoa_o a_o small_a town_n whence_o the_o whole_a district_n have_v its_o name_n 6._o nienhausen_n a_o strong_a fort_n upon_o the_o border_n of_o muscovy_n 7._o marienburg_n another_o fort_n not_o far_o from_o the_o lake_n peipus_n 8._o tarne_a a_o place_n ancient_o of_o good_a importance_n but_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o muscovite_n it_o be_v besiege_v by_o the_o polander_n and_o at_o last_o by_o they_o take_v and_o when_o they_o quit_v it_o so_o demolish_v that_o though_o the_o swede_n have_v spend_v some_o charge_n in_o repair_v it_o it_o have_v not_o at_o present_a attain_v its_o ancient_a strength_n and_o splendour_n 9_o felinum_n fellin_n fifteen_o german_a mile_n from_o 10._o parnavia_n parnow_n upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n a_o town_n of_o great_a trade_n for_o all_o commodity_n corn_n especial_o first_o of_o all_o add_v to_o the_o swedish_n dominion_n by_o ericus_n fourteen_o king_n of_o sweden_n a_o 1562_o afterward_o take_v by_o the_o pole_n and_o regain_v from_o they_o an_z 1617._o 11._o sales_n or_o lemsael_n with_o some_o other_o less_o remarkable_a town_n and_o fort_n iii_o lettia_n bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o part_n of_o muscovy_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o livonian_a bay_n on_o the_o north_n with_o odepoa_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o river_n dwina_n it_o be_v chief_a city_n be_v 1._o riga_n a_o arch-bishop_n see_v lie_v in_o 48_o deg_fw-la of_o longitude_n and_o 57_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n of_o latitude_n upon_o the_o dwina_n at_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n it_o be_v defend_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n bulwark_n tower_n a_o extraordinary_a large_a trench_n and_o three_o row_n of_o great_a gun_n which_o be_v put_v in_o good_a order_n and_o readiness_n chief_o by_o the_o care_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sweden_n here_o be_v a_o note_a harbour_n for_o ship_n much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n from_o germany_n holland_n england_n etc._n etc._n who_o come_v hither_o in_o the_o summertime_n and_o be_v lade_v with_o hemp_n flax_n wax_n pitch_n tar_n with_o plank_n also_o and_o wood_n ready_a hew_v for_o build_v ship_n with_o skin_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o of_o bear_n elk_n fox_n etc._n etc._n and_o fur_n of_o castor_n sables_n martron_n ermine_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v bring_v to_o this_o city_n out_o of_o muscovy_n and_o poland_n in_o the_o wintertime_n over_o the_o ice_n and_o snow_n upon_o sledd_n and_o make_v ready_a for_o sale_n against_o the_o time_n when_o the_o merchant_n usual_o arrive_v the_o citizen_n common_o speak_v either_o swedish_n german_n curlandish_a or_o livonian_a and_o have_v their_o divine_a service_n which_o be_v reform_v according_a to_o the_o augustan_n confession_n always_o celebrate_v in_o some_o one_o of_o those_o language_n in_o the_o year_n 1581._o this_o city_n be_v take_v by_o stephen_n king_n of_o poland_n from_o the_o emperor_n and_o by_o his_o successor_n sigismond_n iii_o endow_v with_o many_o notable_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n and_o by_o he_o keep_v in_o possession_n till_o 1605_o at_o what_o time_n gustavus_n adolphus_n prince_n of_o sweden_n bring_v a_o army_n into_o livonia_n and_o after_o six_o week_n close_a siege_n have_v it_o surrender_v up_o to_o he_o since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v always_o be_v under_o the_o swedish_n power_n 2._o dunamund_n i._n e._n the_o mouth_n of_o the_o duna_n or_o dwina_n so_o call_v from_o its_o situation_n be_v place_v upon_o the_o dwina_n two_o mile_n from_o riga_n at_o its_o very_a entrance_n into_o the_o livonian_a bay_n it_o be_v a_o fort_n of_o great_a importance_n command_v the_o whole_a river_n so_o that_o without_o leave_n have_v from_o the_o governor_n here_o no_o ship_n can_v pass_v into_o or_o come_v out_o of_o the_o harbour_n of_o riga_n and_o because_o the_o dwina_n at_o this_o place_n break_v forcible_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o often_o in_o the_o spring-time_n especial_o bring_v huge_a flake_n of_o ice_n along_o with_o it_o very_o much_o alter_v the_o channel_n and_o thereby_o make_v the_o passage_n into_o the_o river_n very_o dangerous_a there_o be_v wait_v here_o a_o sort_n of_o experience_a guide_n call_v pilosen_v or_o pilot_n who_o for_o small_a wage_n conduct_v all_o stranger_n along_o the_o safe_a way_n either_o up_o to_o riga_n or_o back_o again_o into_o the_o baltic_a 3._o kakenhusen_n kockehaus_n a_o strong_a fort_n where_o be_v ancient_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o riga_n 4._o ascherad_n with_o many_o lesser_a town_n
endeavour_n to_o prove_v that_o xen._n lampsacenus_n mention_n the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o thence_o conclude_v that_o this_o name_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o most_o of_o the_o modern_a geographer_n fancy_n who_o make_v adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n the_o first_o author_n that_o call_v this_o bay_a mare_n balthicum_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o examine_v pliny_n word_n upon_o this_o occasion_n will_v find_v that_o no_o mention_n be_v there_o make_v of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n but_o of_o a_o island_n only_o in_o these_o part_n call_v baltia_n which_o be_v now_o name_v schonen_fw-mi but_o be_v not_o as_o the_o ancient_n imagine_v a_o isle_n from_o this_o baltia_n some_o think_v this_o sea_n be_v call_v baltic_n as_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o island_n adria_n other_o more_o happy_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o the_o danish_a and_o english_a word_n belt_n because_o seeland_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n be_v gird_v round_o with_o this_o bay_n and_o to_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o seeland_n and_o funen_n call_v that_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o part_n these_o two_o island_n die_v belt_n pomponius_n mela_n who_o be_v follow_v by_o many_o late_a writer_n of_o good_a note_n call_v the_o baltic_a sea_n sinus_n codanus_n which_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o danish_a bay_n for_o codanus_n godanus_n or_o gedanus_n be_v the_o same_o with_o danus_n and_o gedanum_n and_o dantiscum_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o indeed_o when_o we_o consider_v what_o a_o large_a portion_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n be_v encircle_v with_o the_o sea_n we_o shall_v find_v reason_n enough_o notwithstanding_o the_o late_a surrender_n of_o several_a island_n to_o the_o swede_n to_o let_v it_o still_o retain_v this_o its_o ancient_a name_n the_o most_o considerable_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v fionia_n fionia_n or_o funen_n be_v part_v from_o jutland_n by_o a_o straight_a of_o the_o baltic_a call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n medelfarsund_v about_o one_o german_a mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o separate_v from_o seeland_n by_o the_o beltis-sund_a or_o baltic_n bay_n the_o length_n of_o it_o from_o east_n to_o west_n be_v about_o ten_o german_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n eight_o saxon_a grammaticus_n lyscander_n and_o most_o of_o the_o danish_a writer_n make_v this_o the_o pleasant_a piece_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n whence_o they_o have_v fancy_v the_o island_n have_v its_o name_n from_o fine_a which_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n in_o funen_n as_o in_o england_n though_o adam_n bremensis_n may_v seem_v to_o favour_v this_o conceit_n in_o call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n finni_n and_o their_o country_n finningia_n and_o pontanus_n allow_v the_o etymology_n yet_o methinks_v stephanius_n guess_v better_a at_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n when_o he_o fetch_v it_o from_o fion_n which_o in_o the_o old_a runic_a monument_n signify_v a_o neck_n of_o land_n rend_v from_o the_o continent_n and_o such_o any_o man_n will_v suppose_v funen_n to_o be_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o view_v that_o slender_a frith_n which_o at_o this_o day_n separate_v that_o island_n from_o jutland_n the_o island_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o corn_n especial_o wheat_n and_o rye_n which_o be_v hence_o yearly_o transport_v in_o great_a quantity_n into_o other_o nation_n beside_o the_o native_n have_v general_o great_a herd_n of_o cattle_n and_o very_o good_a breed_v of_o horse_n the_o wood_n which_o overspread_v almost_o the_o whole_a island_n be_v exceed_o well_o store_v with_o deer_n hare_n and_o fox_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o this_o island_n be_v ottensee_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o take_v its_o name_n from_o woden_n the_o great_a god_n of_o the_o ancient_a dane_n who_o some_o of_o their_o historian_n call_v othin_n or_o odin_n other_o more_o probable_o say_v it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o who_o overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n and_o leave_v his_o name_n in_o more_o place_n than_o one_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o letter_n write_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o three_o about_o the_o year_n 987_o in_o which_o this_o city_n be_v name_v vrbs_fw-la othonesvigensis_n pontanus_n think_v it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n harald_n who_o to_o testify_v his_o gratitude_n to_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o by_o who_o procurement_n he_o be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n call_v it_o ottonia_n or_o ottensche_n and_o his_o son_n suenotto_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o island_n and_o therefore_o in_o a_o fit_a place_n for_o the_o session_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o magistracy_n which_o be_v yearly_o hold_v in_o this_o place_n as_o be_v likewise_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n before_o the_o year_n 1660._o the_o building_n in_o this_o town_n be_v general_o well_o build_v and_o the_o street_n uniform_a beside_o other_o public_a building_n there_o be_v in_o it_o two_o fair_a church_n whereof_o one_o be_v dedicate_v to_o st._n cnute_n the_o other_o to_o st._n francis_n not_o far_o from_o the_o former_a of_o these_o stand_v a_o stately_a town-hall_n upon_o a_o very_a spacious_a marketplace_n where_o king_n frideric_n ii_o renew_v the_o ancient_a league_n between_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o sleswic_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o when_o the_o choir_n of_o st._n cnute_n church_n be_v repair_v in_o the_o year_n 1582_o the_o workman_n find_v in_o a_o vault_n a_o copper_n coffin_a gild_a and_o adorn_v with_o precious_a stone_n upon_o which_o be_v write_v the_o follow_a inscription_n in_o old_a latin-gothic_a character_n jam_fw-la coelo_fw-la tutus_fw-la summo_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la canutus_n martyr_n in_o aurata_fw-la rex_fw-la atque_fw-la reconditur_fw-la arca_fw-la et_fw-la pro_fw-la justitiae_fw-la factis_fw-la occisus_fw-la inque_fw-la ut_fw-la christum_fw-la vita_fw-la sic_fw-la morte_fw-la fatetur_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la traditur_fw-la a_o proprio_fw-la sicut_fw-la deus_fw-la ipse_fw-la ministro_fw-la a.d._n mlxxxvi_o other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o funen_n be_v 1._o bowens_n a_o port-town_n of_o good_a trade_n seat_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o island_n at_o the_o north-end_n of_o medelfarsund_n 2._o middlefar_n seat_v on_o the_o common_a passage_n from_o this_o island_n to_o kolding_n in_o jutland_n on_o the_o thirty_o of_o january_n in_o the_o year_n 1658._o carolus_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n lead_v his_o army_n over_o the_o ice_n to_o this_o place_n and_o have_v rout_v the_o danish_a force_n that_o oppose_v he_o make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o whole_a isle_n of_o funen_n 3._o ascens_fw-la not_o far_o from_o the_o mountain_n of_o ossenburgh_n where_o john_n de_fw-fr hoy_n nicholas_n fechlenburgh_n and_o gustavus_n troll_n bishop_n of_o vpsal_n be_v slay_v and_o their_o army_n command_v by_o christopher_n earl_n of_o oldenburgh_n total_o rout_v by_o john_n rantzaw_v king_n christian_n the_o three_o general_n who_o level_v this_o city_n to_o the_o ground_n 4._o foborg_n upon_o the_o southern_a coast_n of_o the_o island_n it_o be_v once_o burn_v by_o the_o unruly_a soldier_n of_o christian_a the_o three_o whilst_o odensee_n adhere_v to_o the_o captive_a prince_n christian_n the_o second_o who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v keep_v close_a prisoner_n at_o sunderburg_n redeem_v itself_o from_o the_o like_a fate_n by_o a_o large_a sum_n of_o money_n 5._o swynborg_n over_o against_o the_o island_n of_o langland_n from_o this_o place_n carolus_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n lead_v his_o army_n over_o the_o ice_n into_o seeland_n in_o the_o year_n 1658._o 6._o nyborg_n the_o usual_a passage_n from_o funen_n into_o seeland_n this_o city_n be_v first_o fortify_v with_o a_o moat_n and_o bulwark_n by_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o it_o be_v very_o memorable_a for_o the_o battle_n fight_v by_o the_o confederate_n of_o the_o empire_n brandenburg_n poland_n and_o the_o low_a country_n in_o the_o year_n 1659._o against_o the_o swede_n who_o in_o that_o engagement_n be_v overthrow_v and_o utter_o rout_v out_o of_o funen_n beside_o the_o great_a town_n mention_v there_o be_v in_o funen_n a_o great_a number_n of_o fair_a village_n among_o which_o they_o reckon_v up_o no_o less_o than_o 264_o parish_n church_n seeland_n seeland_n the_o large_a fair_a and_o most_o fruitful_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n lie_v to_o the_o east_n of_o funen_n from_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o by_o the_o belt_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v part_v from_o schonen_fw-mi by_o a_o small_a frith_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n oresundt_fw-mi through_o which_o
people_n what_o the_o reader_n miss_v in_o the_o general_a description_n of_o norway_n may_v possible_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o follow_a one_o of_o island_n the_o prefecture_n of_o masterland_n this_o prefecture_n take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o it_o seat_v on_o a_o rocky_a peninsula_n and_o famous_a for_o its_o great_a trade_n in_o herring_n and_o other_o sea-fish_n this_o city_n with_o two_o more_o of_o less_o note_n congel_n and_o oddawald_n and_o the_o adjoin_a country_n be_v command_v by_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o bahus_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o haquin_n iv_o king_n of_o norway_n about_o the_o year_n 1309_o upon_o a_o steep_a rock_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n trollet_n and_o be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o best_a fort_n that_o king_n have_v in_o his_o dominion_n and_o a_o sufficient_a bulwark_n against_o the_o daily_a assault_n and_o incursion_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o 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constant_o before_o any_o grand_a alteration_n in_o the_o state_n or_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n in_o this_o province_n beside_o the_o place_n already_o mention_v stand_v the_o city_n of_o tonsberg_n fridericstadt_n saltsburgh_n and_o scheen_n which_o have_v all_o a_o considerable_a trade_n from_o the_o copper_n and_o iron_n mine_n which_o hereabout_o be_v in_o great_a number_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v in_o this_o province_n that_o the_o silver_n mine_n mention_v before_o be_v first_o discover_v at_o the_o expense_n of_o christian_a iu._n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o some_o of_o the_o adjoin_a hill_n be_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n to_o this_o day_n call_v silver-bergen_a or_o the_o mountain_n of_o silver_n to_o these_o mine_n and_o the_o lofty_a wood_n of_o pine_n and_o fir-tree_n with_o which_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v overspread_v the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n owe_v the_o great_a part_n of_o if_o not_o all_o its_o trade_n the_o city_n of_o staffenger_n lie_v in_o 59_o degree_n some_o reckon_v 60_o and_o a_o great_a many_o odd_a minute_n of_o latitude_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o peninsuia_fw-la upon_o a_o great_a bay_n of_o the_o northern_a ocean_n full_a of_o small_a island_n and_o guard_v by_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o doeswick_n which_o lie_v about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o town_n in_o civil_a affair_n this_o city_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o bergenhusen_n though_o it_o have_v its_o own_o peculiar_a bishop_n constant_o reside_v in_o the_o town_n the_o whole_a bishopric_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o several_a district_n of_o stavangersteen_n dalarne_n jaren_n listerleen_n mandalsleen_n nedenesleen_n and_o abygdelag_n thomas_n conrade_n hvegner_n bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n in_o the_o year_n 1641_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o collect_v a_o great_a number_n of_o runic_a inscription_n which_o lie_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o his_o diocese_n some_o of_o which_o be_v publish_v by_o wormius_n who_o further_o inform_v we_o that_o this_o conrad_n predecessor_n who_o name_n he_o omit_v write_v a_o topographical_n description_n of_o this_o city_n and_o bishopric_n beyond_o the_o bay_n appear_v the_o island_n schutenes_n three_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n but_o scarce_o half_a a_o one_o in_o breadth_n between_o this_o island_n which_o have_v in_o it_o several_a considerable_a village_n and_o the_o continent_n run_v up_o a_o narrow_a frith_n to_o bergen_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o dutch_a merchant_n to_o liedt_n van_fw-mi berghen_fw-mi to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o staffenger_n belong_v the_o province_n of_o tillemarch_n or_o thylemarch_n which_o give_v procopius_n the_o first_o ground_n for_o that_o assertion_n of_o he_o which_o he_o defend_v with_o so_o great_a vehemency_n viz._n that_o scandinavia_n take_v in_o its_o large_a extent_n of_o which_o thylemarch_n be_v a_o very_a inconsiderable_a part_n be_v the_o ancient_a 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that_o the_o ancient_a iselander_n be_v man_n of_o the_o same_o temper_n manner_n and_o religion_n with_o the_o norwegian_n from_o who_o they_o be_v descend_v i._n e._n man_n of_o vast_a stature_n strong_a and_o valiant_a great_a dueller_n and_o pirate_n but_o since_o christianity_n be_v introduce_v into_o their_o isle_n none_o of_o those_o barbarous_a quality_n which_o that_o dutch_a satirist_n lay_v to_o their_o charge_n can_v just_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o catholic_a enormity_n of_o the_o island_n '_o tho_o it_o be_v possible_a some_o few_o may_v still_o be_v find_v among_o several_a thousand_o that_o to_o this_o day_n retain_v a_o small_a tincture_n of_o the_o old_a idolatrous_a superstition_n and_o ungentile_a demeanour_n of_o their_o ancestor_n their_o temperance_n in_o meat_n and_o drink_n and_o the_o natural_o strong_a constitution_n of_o their_o body_n enable_v they_o to_o last_v out_o common_o to_o a_o good_a old_a age_n though_o i_o can_v but_o refer_v olaus_n magnus_n and_o blefkenius_fw-la to_o the_o reader_n sentence_n the_o former_a of_o which_o tell_v we_o the_o iselander_n live_v ordinary_o three_o hundred_o year_n the_o latter_a with_o more_o modesty_n and_o caution_n which_o in_o he_o be_v rare_a quality_n report_v that_o he_o see_v a_o man_n in_o iseland_n who_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o have_v then_o live_v two_o hundred_o year_n by_o the_o account_n which_o blefkenius_fw-la give_v of_o the_o habitation_n of_o the_o iselander_n habitation_n habitation_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v conclude_v that_o either_o he_o never_o travel_v among_o they_o whatever_o he_o pretend_v to_o or_o else_o he_o mistake_v their_o house_n cover_v with_o turf_n and_o grow_v over_o with_o grass_n for_o small_a hillock_n and_o rampire_n for_o he_o say_v all_o their_o house_n be_v underground_o and_o they_o their_o kine_n horse_n and_o sheep_n have_v all_o one_o cave_n ancient_o the_o iselander_n like_o the_o german_n in_o tacitus_n day_n dwell_v far_o apart_o according_a as_o every_o man_n take_v a_o affection_n to_o this_o field_n or_o that_o fountain_n this_o wood_n side_n or_o that_o plain_a they_o use_v neither_o mortar_n nor_o tile_n but_o the_o whole_a fabric_n of_o their_o house_n consist_v of_o timber_n and_o turf_n their_o window_n be_v most_o common_o in_o the_o roof_n seldom_o in_o the_o wall_n of_o their_o cottage_n some_o of_o their_o nobility_n have_v more_o stately_a palace_n build_v of_o large_a piece_n of_o timber_n bring_v hither_o out_o of_o groneland_n and_o norway_n at_o this_o day_n their_o house_n be_v most_o of_o wood_n cover_v over_o with_o turf_n except_o in_o their_o city_n hola_o and_o skalholt_n where_o instead_o of_o tile_n they_o make_v use_v of_o fir-board_n but_o since_o the_o trade_n between_o they_o and_o norway_n begin_v to_o decrease_v their_o building_n have_v lose_v much_o of_o their_o ancient_a splendour_n and_o the_o neat_a of_o their_o village_n run_v daily_a to_o ruin_v beside_o their_o traffic_n with_o foreign_a nation_n be_v much_o abate_v and_o they_o seem_v to_o draw_v towards_o that_o degree_n of_o meanness_n which_o krantzius_n speak_v of_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o the_o iselander_n and_o their_o cattle_n have_v the_o same_o lodging_n arngrim_n confess_v that_o upon_o the_o south-shore_n of_o the_o isle_n near_o skalholt_n there_o be_v three_o small_a parish_n in_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v destitute_a both_o of_o wood_n and_o turf_n the_o only_a fuel_n of_o the_o country_n the_o poor_a sort_n of_o these_o be_v not_o able_a to_o purchase_v fuel_n from_o abroad_o be_v constrain_v in_o the_o extremity_n of_o winter_n to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o a_o corner_n of_o their_o oxstall_n and_o there_o borrow_v heat_n from_o their_o cattle_n it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o iseland_n whatever_o munster_n frisius_n diet._n diet._n and_o blefkenius_fw-la say_v to_o the_o contrary_a that_o upon_o the_o first_o inhabit_v of_o this_o isle_n the_o ground_n be_v till_v and_o several_a sort_n of_o grain_n sow_v and_o reap_v it_o be_v a_o malicious_a slander_n to_o say_v as_o those_o author_n do_v that_o the_o islander_n feed_v upon_o carrion_n and_o unsavoury_a meat_n and_o want_v the_o use_n of_o bread_n the_o best_a and_o happy_a of_o nation_n be_v now_o and_o then_o upon_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n drive_v to_o harsh_a extremity_n in_o meat_n and_o drink_n and_o force_v in_o spite_n of_o former_a plenty_n to_o submit_v to_o a_o famine_n and_o it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o sea_n about_o iseland_n bind_v up_o by_o a_o long_a continue_a frost_n may_v sometime_o bring_v the_o like_a calamity_n upon_o this_o isle_n who_o have_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o food_n out_o of_o these_o water_n but_o set_v aside_o all_o such_o accidental_a casualty_n and_o extraordinary_a dispensation_n of_o god_n providence_n iseland_n be_v as_o well_o provide_v for_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n in_o meat_n and_o drink_n as_o any_o other_o country_n whatever_o for_o the_o iselander_n have_v general_o considerable_a stock_n of_o kine_n and_o sheep_n beside_o large_a pile_n of_o dry_a fish_n of_o several_a sort_n it_o be_v true_a a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n want_v bread_n and_o salt_n which_o be_v reckon_v two_o of_o the_o great_a requisite_n in_o furnish_v out_o one_o of_o our_o southern_a table_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v serious_o consider_v the_o vast_a strength_n and_o healthy_a constitution_n which_o these_o usual_o enjoy_v and_o the_o old_a age_n they_o ordinary_o arrive_v at_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o conclude_v that_o dry_a fish_n will_v prove_v as_o trusty_a a_o staff_n of_o life_n as_o bread_n if_o we_o be_v use_v to_o it_o and_o that_o salt_n may_v probable_o be_v convenient_a in_o a_o hot_a country_n to_o preserve_v our_o meat_n from_o corrupt_v but_o need_v not_o be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o the_o table_n in_o short_a the_o islander_n have_v all_o manner_n of_o necessary_a and_o substantial_a food_n as_o beef_n mutton_n goose_n hen_n partridge_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o fowl_n they_o want_v only_o the_o delicacy_n of_o sauce_n which_o other_o country_n enjoy_v and_o the_o sharpness_n of_o their_o air_n furnish_v they_o with_o stomach_n which_o easy_o supply_v that_o defect_n the_o most_o general_a drink_v use_v among_o they_o be_v whey_n drink_v drink_v which_o be_v common_o so_o good_a that_o a_o ounce_n of_o it_o will_v very_o well_o bear_v half_a a_o ounce_n of_o water_n sometime_o they_o drink_v a_o kind_n of_o mead_n make_v of_o a_o little_a barley_n flower_n and_o a_o honeycomb_n boil_v in_o water_n another_o liquor_n they_o have_v which_o be_v squeeze_v out_o of_o a_o certain_a red_a berry_n peculiar_a to_o this_o isle_n the_o ancient_a iselander_n use_v to_o import_v beer_n from_o denmark_n scotland_n norway_n england_n and_o other_o foreign_a country_n but_o for_o many_o year_n last_o past_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v any_o considerable_a commerce_n with_o these_o nation_n and_o upon_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n be_v force_v to_o content_v themselves_o with_o such_o liquor_n as_o their_o own_o land_n afford_v how_o poor_a and_o mean_a soever_o these_o liquor_n may_v seem_v to_o southern_a palate_n use_v to_o the_o juice_n of_o the_o grape_n yet_o with_o these_o the_o ancient_a iselander_n can_v make_v merry_a and_o keep_v banquet_n and_o revel_n with_o the_o mean_a fare_n beforementioned_a what_o grandeur_n their_o public_a entertainment_n want_v in_o the_o delicacy_n of_o the_o viand_n and_o richness_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v make_v out_o in_o the_o length_n of_o their_o feast_n and_o number_n of_o their_o guest_n thus_o we_o read_v that_o theodore_n and_o thorwald_n brethren_n and_o citizen_n of_o hialtaedat_fw-la in_o north_n iseland_n solcmnize_n the_o funeral_n of_o their_o father_n hialta_n entertain_v twelve_o hundred_o person_n for_o fourteen_o day_n together_o at_o a_o banquet_n and_o at_o their_o departure_n present_v the_o chief_a of_o their_o guest_n with_o gift_n answerable_a to_o their_o quality_n after_o the_o same_o rate_n and_o for_o as_o long_o a_o time_n olaus_n pa_n a_o west_n islander_n and_o his_o brethren_n entertain_v nine_o hundred_o man_n but_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o this_o be_v a_o instance_n of_o the_o generosity_n and_o gallantry_n or_o not_o rather_o prodigality_n of_o these_o people_n for_o the_o northern_a nation_n be_v general_o strange_o lavish_a in_o their_o entertainment_n at_o wedding_n and_o burial_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v grow_v a_o proverb_n in_o some_o of_o those_o country_n pay_v for_o thy_o father_n coffin_n before_o thou_o think_v of_o buy_v a_o cradle_n meaning_n that_o the_o entertainment_n at_o the_o burial_n of_o a_o father_n and_o marriage_n of_o a_o new_a wife_n if_o they_o come_v together_o be_v sufficient_a to_o ruin_v a_o man_n in_o his_o estate_n and_o make_v his_o heir_n a_o beggar_n before_o the_o
the_o ocean_n in_o some_o of_o who_o isle_n several_a considerable_a kingdom_n have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v discover_v however_o notwithstanding_o this_o assertion_n of_o tacitus_n make_v the_o rhine_n the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o germany_n on_o the_o border_n of_o gallia_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o long_o before_o his_o time_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n julius_n and_o augustus_n several_a colony_n of_o the_o german_n have_v seat_v themselves_o in_o the_o gallic_n territory_n and_o inhabit_v a_o large_a plat_n of_o ground_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o both_o germania_n prima_fw-la and_o secunda_fw-la so_o often_o mention_v by_o ancient_a and_o modern_a geographer_n lie_v on_o the_o same_o side_n of_o that_o river_n wympheling_n in_o his_o little_a tract_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la germanicis_n demonstrate_v that_o all_o those_o city_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o southern_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n do_v always_o belong_v to_o the_o german_n notwithstanding_o the_o pretension_n of_o several_a french_a king_n to_o the_o contrary_n it_o be_v true_a lewis_n xi_o king_n of_o france_n before_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n make_v several_a incursion_n into_o alsatia_n upon_o pretence_n of_o recover_v the_o ancient_a right_n which_o his_o ancestor_n have_v challenge_v upon_o the_o rhine_n but_o this_o pretend_a jurisdiction_n never_o spread_v itself_o so_o wide_o as_o to_o reach_v beyond_o the_o bank_n of_o that_o river_n on_o either_o side_n for_o as_o freherus_n show_v the_o ancient_a gaul_n always_o claim_v a_o right_a to_o the_o river_n rhine_n although_o the_o german_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o soil_n on_o both_o side_n beside_o the_o hermunduri_n marcomanni_n and_o quadi_n who_o be_v all_o of_o they_o german_n extend_v the_o bound_n of_o their_o nation_n beyond_o the_o danow_n and_o seat_v themselves_o on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o that_o river_n whence_o in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o name_n of_o illyricum_n which_o former_o be_v a_o word_n use_v to_o signify_v a_o five_o part_n of_o the_o celtish_a nation_n contain_v the_o territory_n of_o liburnia_n dalmatia_n noricum_n vindelicia_n and_o pannonia_n be_v by_o the_o roman_a writer_n limit_v to_o liburnia_n and_o dalmatia_n only_o and_o the_o other_o three_o province_n reckon_v part_n of_o germany_n as_o be_v almost_o quite_o overrun_v with_o the_o people_n of_o that_o nation_n aeneas_n silvius_n and_o his_o follower_n fancy_n that_o germany_n be_v at_o this_o day_n a_o country_n much_o large_a than_o it_o be_v ever_o think_v to_o be_v by_o the_o ancient_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v consider_v that_o the_o three_o northern_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n norway_n and_o sweden_n with_o their_o several_a dependence_n and_o all_o belgium_n as_o be_v still_o evident_a from_o the_o language_n of_o these_o people_n which_o be_v only_o so_o many_o distinct_a dialect_n of_o the_o high-dutch_a be_v former_o branch_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o conclude_v with_o cluverius_n that_o new_a germany_n be_v scarce_o a_o three_o part_n so_o big_a as_o the_o old_a at_o present_a germany_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o mountain_n of_o italy_n beyond_o the_o danow_n bound_n modern_a bound_n on_o the_o east_n with_o poland_n and_o hungary_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o french_a province_n of_o picardy_n and_o champagne_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o british_a ocean_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr pibrac_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o la_fw-fr germany_n est_fw-fr presque_fw-fr trois_fw-fr fois_fw-fr aussi_fw-fr grande_fw-fr que_fw-fr la_fw-fr france_n i._n e._n germany_n be_v near_o three_o time_n as_o big_a as_o france_n and_o most_o geographer_n make_v that_o kingdom_n thrice_o as_o large_a as_o italy_n so_o that_o if_o we_o shall_v though_o there_o be_v little_a reason_n for_o so_o do_v deny_v the_o netherlands_o to_o be_v any_o part_n of_o germany_n at_o this_o day_n yet_o this_o nation_n will_v still_o continue_v to_o be_v incomparable_o the_o large_a in_o europe_n the_o length_n of_o it_o from_o east_n to_o west_n amount_v to_o 840_o italian_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n from_o north_n to_o south_n to_o about_o 745_o according_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o sansovine_n in_o his_o treatise_n del_fw-it governo_fw-it di_fw-it diversi_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o account_n if_o we_o reckon_v as_o be_v usual_a five_o italian_a for_o one_o german_a mile_n come_v near_o winthers_n relation_n which_o tell_v we_o germany_n be_v 686_o english_a or_o about_o 171_o dutch_a mile_n long_o measure_v from_o the_o mountain_n of_o italy_n to_o the_o british_a ocean_n all_o this_o tract_n of_o land_n or_o so_o much_o of_o it_o at_o least_o as_o lie_v from_o the_o rhine_n northwards_o be_v by_o the_o ancient_n look_v upon_o as_o a_o barren_a soil_n nature_n of_o the_o soil_n uninhabited_a and_o solitary_a wilderness_n destitute_a of_o city_n village_n house_n fruit_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n either_o requisite_a or_o convenient_a for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o inhabitant_n than_o such_o as_o they_o fancy_v the_o german_n to_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o savage_a woodman_n little_a different_a from_o the_o beast_n of_o the_o field_n either_o in_o education_n or_o diet_n but_o the_o improvement_n or_o discovery_n rather_o of_o late_a age_n have_v exceed_o alter_v the_o case_n and_o our_o modern_a historian_n and_o geographer_n in_o spite_n of_o tacitus_n cavil_n and_o envious_a epithet_n have_v be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o the_o german_n be_v a_o numerous_a and_o industrious_a people_n and_o their_o country_n both_o wonderful_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a a_o more_o signal_n instance_n of_o the_o plenty_n of_o corn_n in_o this_o country_n can_v be_v give_v than_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o story_n which_o the_o german_a writer_n tell_v we_o of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o who_o maintain_v a_o army_n for_o a_o considerable_a while_n against_o the_o turk_n consist_v of_o 90000_o footman_n and_o 35000_o horse_n beside_o the_o same_o emperor_n for_o some_o year_n together_o wage_v a_o continual_a war_n with_o most_o of_o the_o northern_a german_a prince_n during_o which_o the_o army_n on_o both_o side_n be_v say_v to_o have_v consist_v of_o above_o 150000_o man_n now_o although_o germany_n alone_o provide_v all_o necessary_n of_o food_n and_o provender_n for_o these_o vast_a multitude_n of_o man_n and_o horse_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o any_o the_o least_o famine_n or_o scarcity_n of_o bread_n ensue_v hereupon_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o dutch_a territory_n the_o chief_a river_n in_o germany_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n comparable_a to_o this_o for_o the_o multitude_n of_o its_o noble_a river_n several_a of_o which_o carry_v vessel_n of_o a_o vast_a burden_n for_o some_o hundred_o of_o english_a mile_n the_o most_o principal_a of_o these_o be_v i._o danubius_n danow_n danow_n or_o the_o danow_n brietius_n say_v that_o this_o river_n be_v ancient_o call_v matoas_n which_o in_o the_o old_a scythian_a language_n signify_v harmless_a because_o they_o fancy_v it_o be_v pretty_a secure_a sail_v upon_o its_o water_n afterward_o when_o a_o great_a company_n of_o stranger_n unacquainted_a with_o this_o torrent_n have_v here_o unlucky_o suffer_v shipwreck_n and_o lose_v their_o life_n its_o name_n be_v change_v into_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o word_n some_o critic_n derive_v from_o the_o macedonian_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v as_o plutarch_n tell_v we_o as_o much_o as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d death_n cato_n think_v it_o be_v first_o call_v danubius_n from_o the_o dane_n who_o he_o confound_v with_o the_o dacian_o our_o modern_a geographer_n embrace_v pliny_n opinion_n and_o derive_v the_o word_n by_o a_o metathesis_n a_o jugis_fw-la adnobiis_fw-la whence_o it_o have_v its_o first_o source_n the_o hungarian_n call_v it_o duna_n the_o polander_v donay_n and_o the_o german_n die_v thonaw_v the_o head_n of_o this_o great_a river_n be_v in_o swaben_n near_o a_o small_a village_n name_v from_o the_o danow_n tone-eschingen_a which_o be_v situate_v in_o a_o part_n of_o the_o hercynian_a wood_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n schwartzwald_a or_o black-forrest_n within_o a_o few_o furlong_n of_o this_o fountain_n it_o receive_v into_o it_o two_o more_o small_a rivulet_n soon_o after_o which_o divide_v itself_o into_o two_o branch_n it_o encircle_n the_o city_n vlm_n with_o two_o fair_a stream_n both_o admirable_o large_a consider_v the_o short_a course_n of_o the_o river_n afterward_o it_o pass_v by_o several_a brave_a city_n in_o germany_n and_o hungary_n as_o regensburg_n passaw_n vienna_n presburg_n etc._n etc._n be_v large_o augment_v in_o its_o passage_n by_o the_o accession_n of_o many_o navigable_a river_n insomuch_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o challenge_v the_o character_n which_o ovid_n
they_o have_v several_a drinking-cup_n keep_v in_o his_o house_n beforemention_v which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o first_o letter_n he_o use_v angelus_n rocha_n who_o publish_v a_o account_n of_o the_o vatican_n library_n in_o the_o day_n of_o pope_n sixtus_n the_o five_o tell_v we_o that_o aldus_fw-la junior_fw-la a_o learned_a antiquary_n show_v he_o a_o print_a copy_n of_o donatus_n grammar_n in_o vellum_n in_o the_o first_o page_n of_o which_o be_v these_o word_n johannes_n faustus_n civis_fw-la moguntinus_n auus_n maternus_fw-la joannis_n schoeffer_n primus_fw-la excogitavit_fw-la imprimendi_fw-la artem_fw-la typis_fw-la aereis_fw-la quos_fw-la deinde_fw-la plumbeos_fw-la invenit_fw-la multaque_fw-la ad_fw-la poliendam_fw-la artem_fw-la addidit_fw-la ejus_fw-la filius_fw-la petrus_n schoeffer_n impressus_fw-la est_fw-la autem_fw-la hic_fw-la donatus_n &_o confessionalia_fw-la primo_fw-la omnium_fw-la a._n d._n mccccl_n admonitus_fw-la certe_fw-la fuit_fw-la ex_fw-la donato_n 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with_o it_o stow_n tell_v we_o the_o hollander_n first_o teach_v our_o nation_n this_o art_n be_v bring_v over_o into_o england_n by_o william_n caxton_n about_o the_o year_n 1471_o and_o add_v that_o the_o first_o print_v in_o this_o isle_n be_v in_o westminster-abbey_n but_o it_o appear_v the_o art_n be_v soon_o bring_v hither_o then_o he_o speak_v of_o for_o there_o be_v in_o the_o archive_v of_o our_o university_n of_o oxford_n a_o copy_n of_o st._n jerome_n exposition_n of_o the_o apostle_n creed_n give_v by_o mr._n moses_n pitt_n the_o publisher_n of_o this_o atlas_n print_v on_o paper_n which_o end_v thus_o explicit_fw-la exposicio_fw-la sancti_fw-la jeronimi_fw-la in_o simbolo_fw-it apostolorum_fw-la ad_fw-la papam_fw-la laurencium_fw-la impressa_fw-la oxonie_n et_fw-la finita_fw-la anno_fw-la domini_fw-la m._n cccc_fw-la lxviii_o xvii_o die_v decembris_fw-la mr._n wood_n in_o his_o learned_a account_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o our_o university_n at_o oxford_n tell_v we_o 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his_o brother_n christian_n elect_v bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n of_o minden_n this_o brave_a prince_n govern_v the_o dukedom_n in_o great_a peace_n and_o prosperity_n two_o and_o twenty_o year_n and_o enlarge_v it_o with_o the_o principality_n of_o grubenhagen_n after_o his_o decease_n in_o the_o year_n 1633_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n fall_v to_o his_o brother_n augustus_n elect_a bishop_n of_o ratzeburg_n upon_o which_o incomparable_a prince_n of_o who_o the_o reader_n may_v expect_v a_o large_a account_n in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n descend_v not_o long_o after_o by_o the_o death_n of_o frideric_n vlric_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n whereupon_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n be_v give_v to_o duke_n george_n lieutenant_n general_n of_o all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n in_o the_o year_n 1636._o he_o leave_v four_o son_n whereof_o the_o elder_a christian_n ludowic_n for_o some_o year_n govern_v the_o luneburger_n pay_v each_o 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meibomius_n a_o learned_a antiquary_n who_o we_o have_v already_o have_v occasion_n often_o to_o mention_v have_v take_v great_a pain_n to_o pick_v up_o out_o of_o these_o rithm_n and_o all_o other_o monument_n of_o note_n about_o this_o town_n a_o large_a account_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o place_n the_o name_n he_o imagine_v contrary_a to_o the_o humour_n of_o some_o other_o historian_n who_o speak_v of_o bardo_n a_o knight_n errant_a of_o old_a and_o founder_n of_o bardewic_n derive_v from_o the_o bardi_n a_o northern_a people_n who_o wander_v a_o great_a many_o year_n up_o and_o down_o saxony_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n at_o last_o fix_v themselves_o in_o this_o place_n whether_o these_o bardi_n may_v not_o have_v be_v a_o tribe_n of_o such_o poet_n as_o mr._n cambden_n and_o some_o other_o of_o our_o antiquary_n say_v give_v name_n to_o bardsey_n one_o of_o our_o british_a island_n i_o shall_v leave_v to_o the_o reader_n be_v judgement_n since_o every_o historian_n that_o mention_n the_o bard_n will_v tell_v we_o that_o they_o be_v the_o genealogist_n among_o the_o gaul_n a_o undoubted_a branch_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o britain_n the_o verse_n beforementioned_a will_v inform_v we_o that_o this_o great_a city_n be_v destroy_v by_o duke_n henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n on_o st._n simon_n and_o jude_n day_n in_o the_o year_n 1189._o since_o that_o time_n it_o have_v never_o be_v able_a to_o recover_v its_o glory_n and_o be_v now_o remarkable_a for_o nothing_o but_o a_o college_n of_o eight_o residentiary_n canon_n and_o some_o few_o vicar_n iii_o ultzen_n a_o neat_a uniform_a little_a town_n vltren_n vltren_n about_o the_o middle_a way_n betwixt_o lunenburg_n and_o zell_n it_o be_v ancient_o call_v lawenwald_n i._n e._n lion-forest_n as_o appear_v from_o several_a of_o its_o old_a record_n and_o a_o inscription_n to_o this_o day_n legible_a on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o town-hall_n and_o from_o this_o its_o old_a name_n the_o arm_n or_o rebus_fw-la rather_o of_o the_o town_n be_v still_o a_o lion_n passant_a azure_a in_o a_o field_n verd_fw-mi betwixt_o three_o tree_n of_o the_o second_o the_o modern_a name_n vltzen_n it_o have_v from_o the_o neighbour_a monastery_n of_o oldenstadt_a which_o as_o be_v evident_a from_o several_a ancient_a write_n bear_v date_n a._n d._n 1255_o and_o 1338_o be_v former_o call_v old-vlssen_a on_o the_o twenty_o of_o september_n in_o the_o year_n 1646_o this_o city_n be_v miserable_o destroy_v by_o a_o fire_n which_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n burn_v down_o the_o fair_a and_o rich_a part_n of_o it_o this_o blow_n it_o have_v hardly_o yet_o so_o well_o recover_v as_o to_o be_v entire_o rebuilt_a but_o however_o the_o most_o considerable_a street_n and_o place_n of_o consequence_n be_v very_o much_o advance_v by_o it_o and_o the_o new_a building_n be_v everywhere_o more_o regular_a and_o splendid_a than_o the_o former_a the_o citizen_n have_v a_o tradition_n among_o they_o that_o the_o first_o english_a saxon_n
six_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n judicature_n court_n of_o judicature_n for_o the_o examination_n and_o trial_n of_o case_n civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a in_o the_o elector_n dominion_n 1._o at_o coen_n on_o the_o spree_n or_o in_o the_o elector_n palace_n at_o berlin_n 2._o at_o colberg_n in_o pomeren_n 3._o cleve_n 4._o halberstadt_n 5._o petershagh_n where_o all_o cause_n depend_v between_o any_o of_o the_o elector_n subject_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o minden_n be_v bring_v to_o trial_n 6._o konigsberg_n in_o prussia_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v the_o court_n of_o magdeburg_n since_o that_o archbishopric_n be_v now_o fall_v into_o the_o elector_n hand_n but_o of_o this_o more_o hereafter_o the_o whole_a marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n strict_o so_o call_v be_v common_o divide_v into_o the_o alt_z mittel_v neve_o and_o vcker-marck_n with_o the_o territory_n of_o prignitz_n and_o sternberg_n but_o take_v prignitz_n and_o vcker-marck_n into_o the_o middle_a and_o sternberg_n into_o the_o new_a we_o may_v include_v they_o all_o under_o the_o three_o follow_a head_n altmarck_n first_o altmarck_n or_o the_o old_a marquisate_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n on_o the_o west_n with_o saxon-lawenburg_a and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n territory_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o middle_a marck_n contain_v about_o thirty_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n or_o breadth_n some_o author_n for_o the_o plenty_n it_o afford_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o herb_n and_o fruit_n have_v be_v please_v to_o call_v it_o the_o galilee_n of_o germany_n it_o be_v common_o subdivide_v into_o four_o petty_a province_n whereof_o that_o on_o the_o east_n call_v das_n balsamerland_n or_o ostland_n contain_v stendal_n arneburg_n the_o city_n and_o county_n of_o osterburg_n with_o some_o other_o town_n of_o note_n on_o the_o south_n lie_v die_v langer_n or_o das_n angerland_n take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n anger_n towards_o the_o west_n das_n land_n zu_fw-ge zermund_n in_o which_o be_v situate_a the_o ancient_a city_n soltwedel_n and_o last_o das_n senland_n on_o the_o north_n suppose_v to_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o senones_n who_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n the_o most_o considerable_a city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o old_a marck_n be_v 1._o stendal_n the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o province_n stendal_n stendal_n seat_v upon_o the_o river_n vcht_v about_o five_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o the_o elb_n and_o angermund_n in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a and_o at_o the_o side_n of_o a_o large_a forest_n it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 920_o and_o afterward_o fortify_v with_o strong_a wall_n and_o bulwark_n by_o marquis_n albert_n surname_v vrsus_fw-la in_o the_o year_n 1150._o in_o this_o neat_a and_o well-built_a hans-town_n be_v keep_v the_o ordinary_a quarter-session_n for_o decision_n of_o all_o law-suit_n in_o the_o old_a marck_n the_o chief_a trade_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v in_o corn_n and_o linen_n cloth_n with_o which_o and_o the_o daily_a opportunity_n of_o entertain_v passenger_n that_o travel_v this_o road_n from_o hamburg_n and_o lubec_n towards_o magdeburg_n erfurt_n etc._n etc._n they_o make_v a_o shift_n to_o live_v handsome_o marchia_n vetus_fw-la vulgo_fw-la alte_fw-la marck_n in_o march_n brandenburgico_fw-la to_o the_o r._n t_o wor._n ll_o ralph_n macro_n m._n d._n r_o this_o plate_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o moses_n pitt_n marchia_n media_fw-la vulgo_fw-la midle_n marck_n in_o brandenburg_n je_n ne_fw-fr search_v quâ—_n to_o the_o r._n t_o hon._n t_o james_n earl_n of_o northampton_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o m._n pitt_n 3._o gardleben_n gardleben_n gardleben_n some_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o town_n be_v isoburgum_n from_o the_o image_n of_o isis_n here_o worship_v other_o believe_v it_o be_v isernburg_n and_o so_o call_v from_o its_o impregnable_a strength_n that_o name_n signify_v proper_o a_o city_n of_o iron_n the_o neighbour_a old_a fort_n call_v still_o by_o its_o ancient_a wendish_n name_n iseren_n schnippe_n i._n e._n iron_n jaw_n give_v occasion_n to_o both_o these_o opinion_n which_o be_v pure_o conjectural_a and_o be_v neither_o countenance_v by_o antiquity_n nor_o probability_n but_o omit_v these_o fancy_n with_o that_o of_o other_o author_n equal_o impertinent_a who_o write_v the_o gardelegia_fw-la and_o fetch_v its_o etymology_n from_o gardalegionum_fw-la or_o custodia_fw-la legionum_fw-la because_o forsooth_o claudius_n drusus_n quarter_v some_o of_o his_o soldier_n here_o as_o well_o as_o at_o soltwedel_n it_o be_v most_o likely_a this_o city_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o multitude_n of_o pleasant_a garden_n among_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v the_o beer_n brew_v in_o this_o town_n be_v famous_a all_o germany_n over_o and_o reckon_v among_o the_o great_a blessing_n of_o the_o old_a marck_n henry_n meibonius_fw-la a_o professor_n in_o helmstadt_n whither_o great_a quantity_n of_o this_o liquor_n be_v ordinary_o convey_v have_v write_v a_o panegyric_n in_o commendation_n of_o it_o another_o great_a commodity_n of_o the_o town_n be_v hops_n which_o be_v prefer_v by_o the_o danish_a merchant_n and_o other_o before_o the_o best_a in_o germany_n and_o buy_v up_o at_o a_o high_a rate_n the_o arm_n of_o the_o city_n be_v three_o hop-pole_n lade_v with_o hops_n iv_o angermund_n angermund_n angermund_n or_o tangermund_n seat_v as_o the_o name_n intimate_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n anger_n or_o tanger_n about_o thirty_o english_a mile_n from_o magdeburg_n the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o have_v buy_v the_o whole_a marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n build_v the_o castle_n of_o angermund_n in_o the_o year_n 1376_o make_v this_o the_o usual_a place_n of_o his_o residence_n for_o some_o year_n after_o the_o citizen_n have_v a_o considerable_a trade_n from_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o elb_n by_o which_o their_o corn_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o country_n be_v convey_v in_o vessel_n down_o to_o hamburg_n and_o thence_o into_o foreign_a nation_n other_o place_n of_o less_o note_n be_v 1._o seehusen_n or_o senheusen_n as_o some_o write_v it_o seat_v on_o the_o river_n alant_fw-la and_o false_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o the_o senones_n who_o be_v indeed_o a_o gaulish_a people_n and_o never_o inhabit_v these_o part_n 2._o osterburg_n a_o great_a corn-market_n 3._o werben_fw-ge seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o river_n elb_n and_o havel_n build_v by_o henry_n surname_v the_o fowler_n out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o old_a castellum_n vari_n gustavus_n adolphus_n fancy_v this_o place_n capable_a of_o be_v make_v the_o strong_a fort_n in_o germany_n and_o himself_o contribute_v so_o far_o towards_o its_o fortification_n as_o to_o cause_v that_o castle_n to_o be_v build_v which_o now_o command_v the_o whole_a town_n 4._o havelberg_n ancient_o a_o bishop_n see_n 5._o perleberg_n the_o chief_a town_n in_o prignitz_n seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n arneburg_n wittenberg_n bismarcht_v schnakenburg_n with_o some_o other_o be_v village_n rather_o than_o great_a to_n ii_o middle-marck_n middle-marck_n as_o its_o name_n intimate_v be_v situate_a in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n it_o be_v the_o large_a of_o the_o three_o and_o reach_v from_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o elb_n to_o the_o other_o about_o a_o hundred_o english_a mile_n the_o chief_a town_n in_o it_o be_v i._o brandenburg_n which_o brandenburg_n brandenburg_n though_o at_o present_a far_o inferior_a to_o many_o of_o the_o neighbour_a city_n well_o merit_v the_o preeminence_n as_o have_v be_v former_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n and_o to_o this_o day_n give_v name_n to_o the_o marquisate_n some_o of_o the_o german_a historian_n endeavour_v to_o persuade_v we_o that_o it_o be_v build_v 416_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n by_o one_o brenno_n a_o famous_a captain_n of_o the_o semnones_n other_o more_o modest_o fetch_v its_o original_n and_o name_n from_o one_o brando_n who_o as_o they_o tell_v the_o story_n first_o build_v this_o city_n about_o the_o year_n 230._o at_o present_v the_o town_n be_v considerable_a for_o little_a but_o its_o age_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n will_v be_v put_v to_o a_o hard_a shift_n to_o pick_v up_o a_o livelihood_n if_o the_o neighbour_a lake_n about_o ten_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n do_v not_o supply_v they_o with_o good_a store_n of_o fish_n in_o the_o great_a church_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o monument_n and_o sepulcher_n of_o prince_n and_o bishop_n and_o in_o the_o marketplace_n a_o statue_n rolandina_n of_o which_o last_o we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o short_a account_n ii_o berlin_n berlin_n berlin_n angelius_n a_o
immediate_o suspect_v by_o their_o number_n the_o whole_a matter_n confess_v her_o design_n and_o be_v pardon_v by_o her_o husband_n from_o the_o elder_a of_o these_o whelp_n or_o guelps_n for_o so_o the_o old_a count_n order_v they_o to_o be_v name_v in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o midwife_n answer_n be_v descend_v that_o henry_n guelph_n earl_n of_o altorf_n who_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n ii_o make_v afterward_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n how_o this_o family_n come_v afterward_o to_o increase_v their_o dominion_n by_o the_o accession_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n be_v already_o show_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o luneburg_n and_o need_v not_o here_o be_v repeat_v the_o reform_a religion_n religion_n religion_n according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o luther_n and_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n be_v first_o bring_v into_o this_o country_n by_o duke_n julius_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1589._o since_o which_o time_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n subject_n have_v be_v rigid_a assertor_n of_o lutheranism_n and_o as_o vehement_a opposer_n of_o popery_n and_o calvinism_n indeed_o of_o late_a year_n the_o great_a authority_n and_o respect_n which_o the_o calixti_fw-la and_o other_o latitudinarian_o have_v get_v at_o helmstadt_n have_v win_v over_o some_o multitude_n to_o their_o persuasion_n but_o the_o generality_n be_v of_o their_o prince_n religion_n and_o zealous_o pursue_v the_o footstep_n of_o their_o megalander_n as_o they_o be_v please_v to_o call_v he_o martin_n luther_n each_o particular_a dukedom_n have_v its_o distinct_a supremacy_n in_o ecclesiastical_a as_o well_o as_o civil_a affair_n churchgovernment_n churchgovernment_n which_o be_v administer_v in_o this_o manner_n under_o each_o dukedom_n there_o be_v one_o superintendens_fw-la generalissimus_fw-la who_o have_v supreme_a inspection_n over_o all_o the_o church_n and_o resemble_v one_o of_o our_o archbishop_n to_o he_o be_v subject_a the_o several_a superintendente_n generales_n or_o bishop_n and_o to_o these_o the_o superintendentes_fw-la speciales_fw-la which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o effect_n with_o our_o archdeacon_n in_o some_o province_n they_o have_v no_o other_o distinction_n of_o superintendent_o then_o into_o generales_n and_o speciales_fw-la to_o wit_n where_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v of_o so_o small_a extent_n as_o not_o to_o require_v more_o than_o one_o single_a bishop_n so_o that_o we_o see_v how_o willing_a the_o lutheran_n be_v to_o admit_v of_o the_o office_n and_o dignity_n of_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n in_o their_o church_n although_o they_o have_v get_v a_o trick_n of_o bawl_v out_o against_o their_o name_n as_o popish_a and_o antichristian_a city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n brunswic_n i._o brunswic_n i._o in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o brunswic_n among_o many_o other_o monument_n there_o be_v a_o old_a parchment_n write_v in_o plat-dutch_a contain_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a person_n which_o lie_v bury_v in_o that_o church_n which_o begin_v thus_o alse_a man_n schreff_a na_fw-fr god_n gebordt_fw-ge 861_o hefft_fw-mi hertogg_fw-mi danckquarth_n though_o sassen_n erstlik_a dusse_n borch_n bemuhret_v unde_fw-la danckquarderode_n geheten_v unde_fw-la nomen_fw-la latin_a i._n e._n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 861_o danckquarth_n duke_n of_o saxony_n first_o wall_v in_o this_o castle_n and_o call_v it_o danckquarderode_n or_o tanquard's-cross_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o story_n we_o find_v in_o most_o german_a chronologer_n of_o note_n who_o treat_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o place_n for_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o bruno_n and_o tanquard_n son_n of_o ludolph_n duke_n of_o saxony_n be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o this_o town_n which_o from_o the_o former_a be_v call_v brunswic_n the_o latter_a only_o give_v name_n to_o the_o castle_n since_o that_o time_n this_o city_n have_v be_v continual_o augment_v by_o the_o succeed_a duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o brunswic_n and_o be_v now_o become_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a hans-town_n in_o the_o empire_n insomuch_o that_o the_o citizen_n divide_v themselves_o into_o five_o distinct_a corporation_n who_o be_v govern_v by_o several_a magistrate_n of_o their_o own_o and_o have_v so_o many_o different_a court_n of_o judicature_n these_o company_n never_o unite_v but_o upon_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n wherein_o the_o common_a interest_n of_o the_o whole_a town_n seem_v concern_v whether_o brunswic_n be_v a_o free_a imperial_a city_n or_o subject_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n have_v be_v a_o question_n often_o controvert_v betwixt_o both_o party_n concern_v each_o of_o who_o have_v endeavour_v to_o assert_v their_o pretension_n by_o dint_n of_o sword_n and_o have_v come_v off_o with_o various_a success_n witness_v the_o sieges_n in_o the_o year_n 1492_o 1550_o 1553_o 1605_o 1606_o 1614_o 1616_o etc._n etc._n it_o be_v last_n of_o all_o besiege_a by_o the_o present_a duke_n rudolphus_n augustus_n who_o take_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1671._o since_o which_o time_n he_o have_v take_v care_n to_o be_v very_o often_o resident_a in_o the_o town_n and_o always_o at_o his_o departure_n to_o leave_v behind_o he_o a_o strong_a guard_n the_o chief_a trade_n of_o this_o city_n be_v in_o hides_n and_o mum._n trade_n trade_n the_o tanner_n have_v skin_n out_o of_o england_n denmark_n and_o other_o nation_n which_o they_o return_v dress_v their_o mom_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n one_o whereof_o be_v of_o a_o thin_a and_o weak_a body_n the_o ordinary_a drink_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o neighbour_a rustic_n the_o other_o which_o they_o call_v ship-mum_a be_v a_o much_o clammier_n and_o grosser_n liquor_n brew_v on_o purpose_n to_o be_v transport_v into_o foreign_a nation_n this_o kind_n of_o drink_n which_o be_v scarce_o potable_a before_o it_o have_v be_v putrify_v by_o work_v at_o sea_n be_v make_v of_o barley_n and_o hops_n with_o a_o small_a mixture_n of_o wheat_n there_o be_v a_o set_a number_n of_o brewer_n who_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o make_v it_o and_o their_o appoint_a time_n of_o brew_v be_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n to_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o march_n here_z by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v but_o wonder_n that_o meibomius_n write_v a_o commentary_n de_fw-fr cerevisiis_fw-la potibusque_fw-la &_o ebriaminibus_fw-la extra_fw-la vinum_fw-la aliis_fw-la shall_v omit_v the_o two_o most_o famous_a liquor_n of_o his_o own_o nation_n mum_o and_o breuhane_v ii_o wolfenbuttel_n wolfenbuttel_n wolfenbuttel_n this_o be_v the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n famous_a for_o its_o strong_a and_o impregnable_a fortification_n it_o confist_n of_o two_o part_n 1._o arx_n guelpica_fw-la or_o the_o duke_n palace_n which_o be_v proper_o call_v wolfenbuttel_n which_o name_n it_o have_v from_o its_o first_o founder_n duke_n ekbert_n who_o be_v of_o the_o guelphian_a family_n the_o termination_n of_o the_o word_n in_o this_o as_o many_o other_o name_n of_o city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o germany_n denote_v a_o moist_a and_o watery_a situation_n such_o as_o this_o town_n have_v and_o which_o contribute_v very_o much_o to_o its_o strength_n and_o security_n 2._o the_o city_n or_o henrich-stadt_a so_o call_v from_o duke_n henry_n the_o young_a its_o founder_n the_o only_a remarkable_a thing_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o town_n be_v the_o new_a church_n which_o some_o italian_n and_o many_o other_o foreigner_n if_o we_o believe_v the_o citizen_n have_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o most_o admirable_a piece_n of_o architecture_n in_o a_o vault_n under_o the_o choir_n lie_v bury_v one_o and_o twenty_o duke_n and_o duchess_n of_o brunswic_n wrap_v up_o in_o coffin_n of_o lead_n with_o inscription_n in_o the_o duke_n palace_n the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n be_v braunswick_n &_o meydburg_n come_v caeteris_fw-la adiacentibus_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio_n waesbergios_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a ducatus_fw-la brunsvicensis_fw-la accuratissime_fw-la discriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a his_o son_n and_o successor_n duke_n rudolphus_n augustus_n keep_v now_o his_o residence_n at_o wulfenbuttel_n a_o mild_a learned_a and_o religious_a prince_n follow_v the_o step_n of_o his_o father_n rather_o in_o his_o study_n then_o in_o act_n of_o chivalry_n he_o have_v no_o male_a issue_n but_o be_v like_a to_o be_v succeed_v by_o some_o of_o the_o son_n of_o his_o brother_n antony_n vlric_n the_o elder_a whereof_o be_v slay_v at_o the_o late_a siege_n of_o maestricht_n iii_o helmstadt_n which_o city_n be_v reckon_v the_o old_a in_o saxony_n next_o bardewic_n it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a about_o a._n d._n 782_o and_o so_o name_v from_o the_o abundance_n of_o elm-tree_n that_o encompass_v it_o here_o st._n ludger_n who_o be_v send_v into_o these_o part_n by_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n to_o convert_v the_o infidel_n saxon_n preach_v and_o the_o citizen_n pretend_v to_o show_v traveller_n the_o
the_o city_n image_n or_o statute_n and_o how_o applicable_a this_o name_n be_v to_o a_o draught_n or_o model_n of_o state-government_n such_o as_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o book_n let_v the_o reader_n judge_n there_o be_v several_a edition_n of_o this_o code_n which_o contain_v only_o 137_o choice_a article_n out_o of_o the_o sachsen-spiegel_n with_o some_o notable_a observation_n thereupon_o wittenberg_n wittenberg_n wittenberg_n as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v once_o a_o electoral_a city_n and_o be_v still_o reckon_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o upper_a saxony_n some_o etymologist_n fetch_v its_o name_n from_o king_n wittekind_n who_o they_o make_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o this_o city_n other_o will_v have_v it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o white_a rock_n such_o as_o may_v be_v ordinary_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o vicenage_n and_o upon_o which_o they_o imagine_v the_o town_n to_o be_v build_v and_o from_o this_o late_a conceit_n the_o student_n in_o this_o city_n usual_o write_v its_o name_n in_o latin_a leucoris_n the_o university_n be_v found_v after_o a_o long_a deliberation_n of_o several_a elector_n from_o the_o year_n 1399_o by_o duke_n frideric_n surname_v the_o white_a in_o the_o year_n 1502._o there_o be_v in_o it_o at_o present_a three_o college_n whereof_o the_o elder_a be_v appoint_v for_o disputation_n in_o physics_n and_o other_o art_n the_o new_a one_o for_o divine_n and_o the_o three_o for_o lawyer_n wittenberg_n have_v no_o great_a reason_n to_o brag_v of_o any_o eminent_a scholar_n which_o of_o late_o it_o have_v produce_v abraham_n calovius_n have_v indeed_o scribble_v over_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o paper_n but_o to_o little_a purpose_n another_o of_o their_o professor_n teutschmannus_n have_v take_v vast_a pain_n to_o run_v down_o the_o calvinist_n and_o establish_v the_o doctrine_n of_o luther_n but_o both_o his_o answer_n and_o argument_n be_v so_o contemptible_o weak_a and_o silly_a that_o the_o read_n over_o his_o book_n may_v probable_o confirm_v his_o adversary_n but_o be_v in_o no_o danger_n of_o confute_v he_o the_o town_n be_v only_o one_o long_a street_n and_o have_v little_a or_o nothing_o in_o it_o observable_a so_o that_o the_o account_n which_o one_o give_v waggish_o of_o it_o may_v possible_o be_v pertient_fw-fr enough_o viz._n leucorin_n intranti_fw-la tibi_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la obvia_fw-la quaeris_fw-la sus_n miles_n meretrix_n aut_fw-la studiosus_fw-la erit_fw-la halle_n though_o a_o dependent_a on_o the_o archbishopric_n or_o dukedom_n of_o magdeburg_n halle_n halle_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n now_o subject_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n may_v just_o be_v refer_v to_o this_o place_n as_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o sala_n within_o the_o precinct_n of_o those_o territory_n which_o be_v comprise_v at_o first_o under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o the_o upper_a saxony_n it_o be_v think_v to_o borrow_v its_o name_n from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d salt_n from_o the_o abundance_n of_o salt-pit_n in_o this_o place_n but_o this_o be_v only_a goropius_n becanus_n fancy_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o press_v it_o too_o hard_a upon_o the_o reader_n these_o pit_n be_v first_o discover_v by_o the_o hermunduri_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o suevian_a nation_n some_o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o our_o saviour_n and_o by_o they_o value_v at_o as_o high_a a_o rate_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v so_o many_o mine_n of_o gold_n of_o what_o value_n they_o be_v now_o a_o day_n may_v easy_o be_v compute_v from_o the_o weekly_a toll_n pay_v out_o of_o they_o to_o the_o administrator_n of_o magdeburg_n which_o ordinary_o amount_v to_o five_o or_o six_o hundred_o crown_n the_o town_n be_v neat_o build_v on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o pleasant_a hill_n cover_v with_o vine_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v a_o gentile_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o by_o some_o fancy_v to_o be_v great_a master_n of_o the_o high_a dutch_a tongue_n then_o the_o citizen_n of_o leipsick_a this_o city_n be_v usual_o call_v holla_n saxonum_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o some_o other_o of_o the_o same_o name_n in_o schwaben_n brabant_n etc._n etc._n and_o not_o as_o bertius_n and_o mercator_n will_v have_v it_o because_o it_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n for_o though_o as_o albinus_n right_o observe_v the_o ancient_a geographer_n have_v be_v accustom_a to_o reckon_v she_o among_o the_o city_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n yet_o her_o situation_n together_o with_o the_o language_n and_o manner_n of_o her_o inhabitant_n declare_v she_o rather_o misnian_a or_o high_a saxon._n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v quedlinburg_n quedlinburg_n quedlinburg_n a_o small_a city_n betwixt_o halberstad_n and_o ermesleben_n for_o although_o this_o town_n be_v indeed_o situate_v within_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n yet_o of_o late_a year_n the_o german_a geographer_n have_v be_v please_v to_o reckon_v it_o a_o part_n of_o the_o upper_a as_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o elector_n it_o be_v former_o guard_v by_o a_o castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o adjoin_a hill_n which_o be_v now_o demolish_a from_o this_o castle_n the_o town_n get_v the_o name_n of_o quedlinburg_n which_o be_v a_o word_n of_o the_o same_o importance_n as_o scarborough_n in_o english_a for_o quaddelen_n in_o the_o dialect_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n signify_v mark_n or_o scar_n get_v by_o blow_n or_o slash_n on_o the_o face_n or_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v remarkable_a for_o nothing_o but_o a_o lutheran_n nunnery_n the_o abbess_n whereof_o who_o be_v always_o either_o a_o princess_n of_o the_o blood_n of_o saxony_n or_o a_o countess_n at_o least_o be_v lady_n paramount_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n and_o the_o territory_n thereto_o belong_v it_o be_v once_o a_o hans-town_n but_o upon_o a_o rebellion_n of_o the_o citizen_n against_o their_o abbess_n in_o the_o year_n 1475_o that_o privilege_n be_v lose_v and_o the_o city_n enslave_v rather_o then_o subject_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n for_o a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n we_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o dresden_n in_o misnia_n where_o their_o usual_a residence_n be_v now_o keep_v marchionatus_fw-la misniae_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la voitlandia_n authore_fw-la olao_n joannis_n gotho_n s._n r._n m._n sueciae_fw-la geographo_n excudebant_fw-la janssonio-waesbergiâ—â—_a moses_n pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanus_n swart_a to_o james_n fraser_n esqr_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v the_o marquisate_n of_o misnia_n meisen_n or_o misnia_n which_o be_v so_o call_v from_o a_o city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n formerly_z a_o bishop_n see_v and_o the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o country_n but_o now_o dwindle_v into_o a_o town_n of_o little_a note_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o lusatia_n or_o laussnitz_n on_o the_o south_n with_o bohemia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o thuringen_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o upper_a saxony_n the_o whole_a marquisate_n which_o be_v a_o vast_o large_a country_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o four_o part_n 1._o misnia_n strict_o so_o call_v or_o osterland_n contain_v dresden_n konigstein_n pirna_n the_o old_a fort_n of_o sonnenstein_n etc._n etc._n 2._o der_fw-mi ertzgebergische_n creyss_n a_o mountainous_a country_n wherein_o be_v comprehend_v the_o mine-town_n of_o friberg_n alteberg_n on_o the_o moglitz_n augustus-burg_a annenberg_n marienberg_n with_o some_o other_o 3._o the_o circle_n of_o leipsick_a which_o beside_o the_o depenance_n on_o that_o rich_a city_n comprise_v the_o county_n of_o rochlitz_n waldheim_n and_o geringswald_n with_o some_o other_o place_n of_o note_n 4._o voitlandia_n which_o be_v former_o reckon_v a_o distinct_a principality_n of_o itself_o but_o be_v now_o account_v by_o all_o a_o part_n of_o misnia_n beside_o these_o province_n there_o be_v in_o this_o marquisate_n three_o bishopric_n 1._o meisen_n 2._o naumburg_n 3._o mersburg_n to_o each_o of_o these_o there_o be_v several_a land_n and_o territory_n annex_v some_o part_n of_o the_o revenue_n whereof_o be_v dispose_v of_o towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o canon_n in_o every_o cathedral_n but_o the_o great_a share_n be_v employ_v in_o raise_v portion_n and_o estate_n for_o the_o elector_n young_a child_n the_o plain_n of_o misnia_n be_v wonderful_o fruitful_a in_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n and_o the_o hill_n as_o well_o store_v with_o the_o rich_a metal_n in_o some_o place_n especial_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o elb_n near_o dresden_n and_o meisen_n you_o may_v meet_v with_o large_a vineyard_n but_o their_o wine_n be_v none_o of_o the_o best_a at_o libenau_n possern_n teuditz_n and_o some_o other_o place_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o mersburg_n there_o have_v be_v former_o salt-pit_n but_o these_o be_v so_o infinite_o outdo_v by_o those_o at_o halle_n before_o mention_v that_o the_o salter_n
be_v force_v at_o last_o to_o relinquish_v the_o trade_n as_o a_o employment_n which_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n quit_v labour_n and_o cost_n the_o whole_a land_n be_v sufficient_o furnish_v with_o wood_n and_o in_o most_o place_n the_o forest_n afford_v good_a store_n of_o venison_n though_o only_a the_o wood_n near_o tschopau_n shelter_v bear_n the_o chief_a river_n in_o this_o province_n be_v the_o elb_n rivers_n rivers_n mulda_n pleiss_n white_a and_o black_a elster_n the_o lesser_a be_v moglitz_n weiseritz_n flohe_n meisse_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o afford_v plenty_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fresh_a water_n fish_n especial_o carp_n which_o be_v as_o numerous_a and_o large_a here_o as_o in_o any_o part_n of_o europe_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o most_o historian_n that_o the_o misnian_o have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o mysi_n inhabitant_n inhabitant_n a_o people_n of_o asia_n of_o who_o cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n pro_fw-la flacco_fw-la give_v this_o character_n that_o they_o be_v a_o people_n so_o contemptible_o mean_a that_o to_o call_v a_o man_n mysorum_n vltimus_fw-la be_v the_o most_o opprobious_a language_n you_o can_v give_v he_o however_o the_o modern_a mysi_n or_o mysnii_n have_v no_o part_n in_o this_o character_n be_v a_o people_n of_o a_o singular_o courteous_a and_o affable_a behaviour_n nor_o be_v they_o less_o commendable_a for_o their_o delicate_a shape_n and_o neatness_n in_o clothes_n whence_o the_o german_n have_v a_o proverb_n meissner_n gleissner_n intimate_v that_o a_o misnian_a make_v the_o great_a show_n of_o any_o german_a albinus_n commend_v they_o high_o for_o chastity_n and_o probable_o the_o severity_n of_o their_o saxon_a law_n which_o punish_v adultery_n with_o death_n may_v be_v one_o grand_a inducement_n to_o the_o practice_n of_o this_o virtue_n chief_a city_n in_o misnia_n dresden_n dresden_n dresden_n the_o usual_a seat_n of_o the_o elector_n a_o neat_a and_o well_o fortify_v city_n on_o the_o river_n elb_n which_o run_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o divide_v the_o old_a town_n from_o the_o the_o new_a a_o town_n which_o as_o it_o be_v probable_o guess_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o three_o lake_n von_fw-mi den_fw-mi dreyen_fw-mi see_v not_o far_o from_o it_o which_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n seem_v the_o more_o rational_a for_o that_o as_o its_o ancient_a record_n testify_v the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n be_v former_o write_v dresen_fw-mi the_o new_a city_n in_o which_o stand_v the_o elector_n palace_n be_v the_o much_o more_o beautiful_a of_o the_o two_o and_o better_o fortify_v a_o place_n perhaps_o as_o well_o worth_a a_o curious_a traveller_n view_n as_o any_o town_n in_o germany_n not_o to_o mention_v the_o stone-bridge_n rarity_n rarity_n which_o unite_v the_o two_o town_n and_o for_o its_o largeness_n and_o length_n consist_v of_o seventeen_o fair_a arch_n be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o wonder_n of_o germany_n nor_o other_o notable_a piece_n of_o architecture_n in_o and_o about_o the_o duke_n palace_n that_o which_o most_o delight_v a_o stranger_n eye_n be_v the_o elector_n kunst-kame_a or_o chamber_n of_o rarity_n in_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v a_o vast_a company_n of_o the_o wonder_n of_o art_n and_o nature_n i_o have_v present_v i_o by_o one_o of_o the_o late_a elector_n courtier_n a_o perfect_a catalogue_n of_o all_o the_o rarity_n in_o this_o admirable_a repository_n but_o that_o be_v too_o large_a to_o insert_v in_o this_o place_n i_o shall_v only_o at_o present_a give_v the_o reader_n a_o short_a view_n of_o the_o choice_a of_o they_o in_o the_o word_n of_o the_o ingenuous_a and_o learned_a dr._n edw._n brown_n in_o the_o account_n he_o have_v publish_v of_o his_o travel_n in_o germany_n a._n d._n 1668._o in_o the_o first_o partition_n be_v to_o be_v see_v all_o manner_n of_o well_o make_v instrument_n belong_v to_o most_o trade_n as_o joiner_n turner_n barber_n smith_n surgeon_n and_o other_o artificer_n instrument_n to_o force_v open_a door_n chest_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o other_o chamber_n these_o and_o the_o like_a be_v observable_a a_o tube_n glass_n four_o ell_n long_o a_o large_a blue_a turkish_a glass_n variety_n of_o coral_n and_o artificial_a work_n of_o it_o fowl_n make_v of_o mother_n of_o pearl_n drink_v cup_n in_o the_o shape_n of_o dragon_n elephant_n etc._n etc._n castle_n of_o gold_n and_o mother_n of_o pearl_n several_a fowl_n and_o cup_n make_v out_o of_o nautili_n and_o other_o shell_n a_o fine_a oestrich_n make_v out_o of_o its_o egg_n with_o feather_n of_o gold_n a_o cup_n make_v of_o the_o ball_n take_v out_o of_o a_o ox_n stomach_n rich_o set_v about_o a_o foot_n long_o a_o stone_n as_o big_a as_o a_o man_n fist_n like_o a_o bezoar_n stone_n take_v out_o of_o a_o horse_n a_o purse_n make_v out_o of_o the_o linum_fw-la incumbustibile_fw-la silver_n over_o from_o the_o mine_n of_o freyberg_n almost_o pure_a in_o string_n and_o shoot_n a_o natural_a cross_n of_o silver_n ore_n one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o one_o head_n carve_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o cherry-stone_n a_o religious_a man_n or_o friar_n of_o japan_n carve_v in_o box._n a_o crystal_n cabinet_n sell_v by_o oliver_n cromwell_n wherein_o be_v keep_v a_o ring_n with_o stone_n in_o it_o of_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o castle_n his_o present_a majesty_n of_o england_n king_n charles_n the_o second_o on_o horseback_n carve_v in_o iron_n a_o head_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o a_o glass_n organ_n topaz_n unpolished_a ten_o inch_n in_o diameter_n a_o cup_n out_o of_o a_o topaz_n emerald_n a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n as_o they_o grow_v in_o the_o rock_n resemble_v the_o vitriolum_fw-la nativum_fw-la thunder-stone_n smell_v of_o fire_n rock_n make_v out_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o ore_n and_o the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v dig_v write_v upon_o they_o the_o figure_n of_o fish_n in_o stone_n out_o of_o mansfeld_n the_o stone_n be_v dark_a colour_v but_o the_o fish_n of_o a_o gold_n or_o copper_n colour_n see_v more_o of_o these_o stone_n in_o the_o description_n we_o have_v give_v the_o reader_n of_o the_o county_n of_o mansfeld_n all_o sort_n of_o stone_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o saxony_n and_o misnia_n polish_a two_o large_a piece_n of_o pure_a virgin_n gold_n out_o of_o the_o mine_n a_o hart_n with_o a_o cabinet_n in_o his_o side_n contain_v all_o medicine_n take_v from_o a_o hart._n a_o white_a hart_n as_o big_a as_o the_o life_n make_v out_o of_o the_o shave_n and_o file_n of_o hartshorn_n look_v like_o plaster_n figure_n print_v in_o tree_n a_o spur_n in_o part_n of_o a_o tree_n horn_n in_o tree_n beside_o these_o duâ—â—â—_n duâ—â—â—_n and_o some_o other_o rarity_n of_o less_o note_n the_o forementioned_a author_n take_v particular_a notice_n of_o the_o picture_n of_o all_o the_o duke_n and_o elector_n of_o saxony_n both_o in_o their_o military_a and_o electoral_a habit_n among_o who_o he_o may_v have_v observe_v the_o lively_a portraiture_n of_o hengist_n and_o horsus_n draw_v questionless_a according_a to_o the_o description_n give_v of_o they_o by_o some_o of_o our_o romantic_a english_a historian_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o a_o historical_a account_n of_o the_o life_n and_o death_n of_o each_o particular_a elector_n we_o have_v already_o give_v a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n down_o as_o far_o as_o henry_n the_o lion_n in_o the_o description_n of_o those_o territory_n which_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n upon_o the_o depose_n of_o that_o prince_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n bernhard_n prince_n of_o anhalt_n son_n of_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v make_v elector_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o 2._o albert_n his_o son_n from_o who_o the_o duke_n of_o lawenburg_n derive_v their_o pedigree_n after_o he_o come_v 3._o albert_n the_o second_o son_n of_o his_o predecessor_n 4._o rodolph_n i._n albert_n the_o second_o be_v son_n 5._o rodolph_n ii_o son_n of_o rodolph_n the_o first_o 6._o winceslaus_fw-la son_n of_o rodolph_n the_o second_o 7._o rodolph_n iii_o son_n of_o winceslaus_fw-la 8._o albert_n iii_o son_n of_o rodolph_n the_o three_o the_o last_o duke_n and_o elector_n of_o saxony_n of_o that_o family_n upon_o the_o failure_n of_o this_o line_n and_o the_o neglect_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o lawenburg_n to_o lay_v claim_n to_o the_o electorate_v frideric_n landgrave_n of_o thuringen_n and_o marquis_n of_o misnia_n be_v create_v duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o elector_n by_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o title_n return_v again_o to_o the_o family_n of_o wittikind_a king_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n from_o which_o it_o have_v be_v alienate_v for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o hundred_o year_n from_o this_o frideric_n be_v derive_v the_o succession_n of_o the_o present_a elector_n down_o to_o this_o day_n in_o
the_o reader_n for_o the_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la find_v here_o in_o great_a quantity_n reichenbach_n polckenhahn_n landeshut_n freyberg_n friedberg_n fridland_n zobten_n waldberg_n and_o gottesberg_n 3._o brieg_n brieg_n brieg_n or_o brig_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o polish_v word_n berega_n which_o signify_v a_o exceed_a high_a bank_n of_o a_o river_n such_o as_o this_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o street_n here_o be_v uniform_a enough_o and_o the_o house_n general_o build_v of_o stone_n st._n nicholas_n church_n be_v a_o high_a and_o stately_a old_a fabric_n beautify_v with_o two_o tower_n and_o build_v after_o the_o ancient_a franckish_a mode_n this_o whole_a city_n except_v only_o some_o few_o public_a building_n be_v lay_v in_o ash_n by_o the_o hussites_n who_o overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o bohemia_n and_o silesia_n in_o the_o year_n 1428._o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brieg_n be_v reckon_v the_o town_n of_o strelen_n olau_n nimptsch_n pitschen_n creutzburg_n loben_n michelau_n and_o little_a oelsse_n the_o two_o mine-town_n of_o reichenstein_n and_o silberberg_n be_v joint_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o brieg_n and_o lignitz_n who_o be_v both_o of_o the_o same_o family_n and_o descend_v from_o the_o ancient_a hereditary_a king_n of_o poland_n 4._o monsterberg_n monsterberg_n monsterberg_n or_o munsterberg_n so_o call_v from_o the_o monastery_n build_v in_o this_o place_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o first_o the_o founder_n of_o this_o city_n be_v seat_v not_o far_o from_o the_o head_n of_o the_o river_n ola_n in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n the_o town_n be_v neither_o large_a nor_o strong_a and_o have_v nothing_o in_o it_o of_o note_n but_o the_o school_n a_o old_a castle_n and_o a_o fair_a town-hall_n in_o this_o dukedom_n be_v the_o town_n of_o franckenstein_n and_o warta_n to_o which_o some_o historian_n and_o geographer_n be_v please_v to_o add_v hainrichau_n tepliwoda_n and_o kamentz_n 5._o oppelen_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o sandy_a and_o dry_a oppelen_n oppelen_n but_o fruitful_a country_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o prevail_v with_o the_o emperor_n to_o withdraw_v all_o his_o force_n and_o subject_n hence_o in_o the_o year_n 1647._o since_o which_o time_n the_o citizen_n of_o oppelen_n and_o all_o the_o rustic_n in_o the_o village_n near_o it_o speak_v the_o polish_v language_n if_o strong_a gate_n and_o thick_a wall_n be_v proof_n against_o modern_a siege_n this_o town_n be_v sufficient_o provide_v against_o the_o assault_n of_o a_o enemy_n but_o otherwise_o its_o fortification_n be_v very_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a among_o the_o many_o town_n and_o village_n in_o this_o dukedom_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v little_a glogaw_n neustat_n kosel_n beudten_n gleibitz_fw-fr tost_n strehlitz_n falckenberg_n zultz_n rosenberg_n lublinitz_n and_o schurgast_n ix_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o grotkaw_n jegerndorf_n troppau_n ratibor_n and_o teschen_n crotkaw_n be_v a_o city_n of_o no_o great_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bulk_n as_o its_o name_n seem_v to_o intimate_v but_o so_o well_o seat_v that_o it_o be_v a_o proverb_n in_o this_o country_n it_o be_v as_o impossible_a as_o for_o a_o grotkawer_n to_o starve_v or_o freeze_v the_o reason_n of_o which_o expression_n be_v ground_v upon_o each_o burger_n have_v a_o plentiful_a share_n in_o the_o adjacent_a cornfield_n and_o neighbour_a wood_n most_o of_o the_o house_n in_o the_o town_n be_v wood-building_n only_o the_o church_n bishop_n palace_n and_o the_o town-hall_n be_v of_o stone_n the_o dukedom_n of_o grotkaw_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n though_o sometime_o its_o lieutenant_n be_v a_o polander_n and_o contain_v in_o it_o the_o city_n of_o neisse_n a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n otmachau_n wansen_n ziegenhals_n freywald_n hozenplotz_n jawernick_n kaltenstein_n patschkau_n oy_a weidau_n and_o zackmantel_n the_o great_a trade_n of_o this_o country_n especial_o the_o citizen_n of_o neisse_n be_v in_o make_v and_o sell_v to_o the_o merchant_n of_o bohemia_n and_o poland_n a_o sort_n of_o strong_a and_o durable_a linnen-cloth_n for_o bed_n and_o bolster_n 2._o jagerndorf_n jagerndorf_n jagerndorf_n which_o signify_v in_o the_o german_a language_n a_o village_n inhabit_v by_o huntsman_n and_o have_v its_o name_n probable_o from_o the_o abundance_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o game_n in_o the_o neighbour_a wood_n the_o moravian_o call_v this_o town_n carnowf_n whence_o the_o dukedom_n be_v ordinary_o by_o latin_a author_n name_v ducatus_fw-la carnoviensis_fw-la and_o a_o citizen_n of_o this_o place_n carnowfsky_n from_o the_o ancient_a arm_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v a_o pair_n of_o horn_n between_o two_o great_a stone_n this_o city_n with_o the_o small_a dukedom_n which_o bear_v its_o name_n be_v give_v by_o ludowic_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n to_o george_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o build_v the_o castle_n and_o erect_v the_o other_o little_a fortification_n that_o defend_v the_o town_n ducatus_fw-la silesiae_fw-la grotganus_fw-la cum_fw-la districtu_fw-la episcopali_fw-la nissensi_fw-la to_o john_n nicholls_n esq_n of_o trewane_n in_o cornwall_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o moses_n pitt_n notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs_fw-la arx_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n nobilis_fw-la pagus_n episcopalis_fw-la commenda_fw-la comitatus_fw-la glatz_n notae_fw-la vrbs_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la vicus_n arx_n auri_fw-la et_fw-fr argenti_fw-la fordinae_fw-la mons_fw-la notabilis_fw-la kohloruben_n holtz_n fluesse_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o and_o all_o other_o town_n and_o village_n in_o the_o dukedom_n observe_v the_o same_o law_n with_o the_o moravian_o for_o which_o reason_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v often_o endeavour_v to_o associate_v themselves_o to_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n and_o renounce_v all_o dependence_n upon_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n but_o have_v always_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o troppau_n who_o have_v still_o be_v zealous_a to_o continue_v member_n of_o their_o ancient_a body_n 4._o ratibor_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a about_o six_o german_a mile_n from_o oppelen_n we_o have_v no_o account_n of_o it_o before_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1164_o so_o that_o most_o geographer_n venture_v to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v build_v about_o that_o time_n the_o private_a dwell_a house_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o silesia_n general_o wooden_a building_n but_o the_o duke_n palace_n cathedral_n and_o some_o other_o public_a building_n be_v of_o stone_n there_o be_v still_o in_o the_o city_n one_o popish_a monastery_n and_o former_o the_o jesuit_n have_v a_o great_a foot_n in_o it_o but_o since_o the_o reformation_n that_o sort_n of_o cattle_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o their_o harbour_n the_o dukedom_n of_o ratibor_n which_o contain_v the_o town_n of_o oderberg_n sora_n ribenick_n pilzowitz_n and_o mieslowitz_n be_v former_o govern_v by_o a_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n valentinus_n its_o last_a prince_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1516_o it_o become_v more_o immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n 5._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d teschen_n or_o tessin_n be_v one_o of_o the_o old_a city_n in_o silesia_n say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o cessimir_n or_o gessimir_n son_n of_o lescus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n a._n d._n 810_o and_o from_o he_o to_o have_v have_v its_o first_o name_n which_o have_v since_o be_v corrupt_v into_o tessin_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o silesia_n moravia_n poland_n and_o hungary_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o its_o citizen_n speak_v a_o medley_n of_o language_n hardly_o intelligible_a to_o any_o but_o themselves_o they_o have_v here_o great_a store_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o venison_n and_o wild_a fowl_n the_o vistula_n and_o elsa_n afford_v they_o plenty_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o hungarian_a merchant_n bring_v they_o in_o daily_o vast_a quantity_n of_o wine_n fruit_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o that_o country_n at_o one_o of_o their_o church_n they_o have_v weekly_o divine_a service_n and_o a_o sermon_n in_o the_o bohemian_a language_n and_o at_o another_o the_o like_a in_o high_a dutch_a for_o of_o these_o two_o nation_n the_o burgher_n chief_o consist_v here_o be_v brew_v beer_n of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o with_o wheat_n and_o the_o other_o with_o ordinary_a barley_n malt_n the_o latter_a of_o these_o they_o call_v matznotz_n a_o sort_n of_o drink_n pleasant_a enough_o but_o mighty_a strong_a and_o heady_a which_o too_o often_o on_o their_o market-day_n make_v the_o poor_a rustic_n commit_v several_a outrage_n and_o disorder_n in_o the_o height_n of_o their_o jollity_n in_o this_o dukedom_n there_o be_v several_a high_a mountain_n whereof_o two_o row_v be_v more_o especial_o remarkable_a and_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o geographer_n and_o historian_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v those_o on_o the_o
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