china_n be_v often_o call_v in_o their_o language_n cunghoa_n signify_v the_o middle_a empire_n believe_v themselves_o to_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o midst_n and_o navel_n of_o the_o world_n and_o sometime_o cungque_a a_o garden_n in_o the_o midst_n or_o a_o florid_n garden_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o affluence_n of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o humane_a life_n for_o the_o whole_a empire_n be_v so_o much_o enrich_v from_o the_o defusion_n of_o lake_n and_o river_n break_v out_o every_o where_o from_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o west_n and_o from_o the_o mediterranean_a part_n of_o the_o continue_a mountain_n that_o there_o be_v scarce_o a_o field_n that_o be_v not_o water_v with_o almost_o no_o city_n but_o may_v hold_v a_o correspondency_n with_o other_o by_o ship_n that_o sail_n through_o river_n and_o trench_n to_o the_o great_a convenience_n of_o merchant_n and_o traveller_n the_o most_o perspicuous_a river_n be_v kiang_n for_o its_o largeness_n term_v the_o son_n of_o the_o 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they_o have_v a_o province_n assign_v he_o which_o they_o rule_v but_o yet_o with_o such_o a_o limitation_n of_o authority_n that_o have_v certain_a revenue_n assign_v they_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v transfer_v into_o the_o emperor_n treasury_n there_o be_v six_o tribunal_n or_o court_n of_o justice_n which_o determine_v all_o cause_n and_o controversy_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n the_o first_o for_o choose_v of_o magistrate_n the_o second_o the_o exchequer_n of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n revenue_n the_o three_o for_o emergency_n in_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n the_o four_o for_o the_o militia_n the_o five_o order_n public_a edifice_n and_o such_o like_a building_n the_o six_o spread_v itself_o into_o several_a court_n concern_v criminal_a cause_n and_o by_o these_o six_o with_o their_o subordinate_a officer_n all_o business_n be_v dispatch_v the_o emperor_n have_v lord_n of_o his_o privy-council_n which_o they_o call_v colaos_n who_o as_o they_o be_v person_n excellent_o verse_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o state_n affair_n so_o also_o they_o be_v have_v in_o estimation_n next_o to_o himself_o he_o have_v likewise_o his_o governor_n or_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o divers_a degree_n which_o be_v term_v mandorin_n and_o accomplish_v in_o variety_n of_o learning_n and_o knowledge_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n rule_v as_o plato_n commonwealth_n only_o by_o learned_a man_n and_o that_o kingdom_n can_v but_o arrive_v to_o 〈◊〉_d great_a height_n of_o felicity_n in_o which_o either_o the_o prince_n act_v like_o a_o philosopher_n or_o a_o philosopher_n reign_v this_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o innumerable_a multiâ—â—des_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o the_o emperor_n govern_v with_o as_o much_o facility_n as_o the_o master_n of_o a_o family_n do_v his_o house_n it_o be_v also_o clear_a from_o the_o magnitude_n splendour_n and_o incredible_a magnificence_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o frequency_n of_o bridge_n the_o structure_n of_o which_o whether_o you_o have_v respect_n to_o their_o length_n or_o 〈◊〉_d rule_n of_o architecture_n have_v amaze_v such_o as_o behold_v they_o add_v unto_o this_o the_o convenience_n of_o public_a passage_n the_o afflux_n of_o ship_n from_o all_o part_n resort_v to_o the_o metropolitan_a city_n the_o indefatigable_a labour_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o husbandman_n in_o cultivate_v their_o land_n the_o great_a vigilancy_n and_o unwearied_a guard_n of_o the_o soldiery_n the_o extraordinary_a rigour_n and_o severity_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o punish_v malefactor_n all_o which_o can_v have_v their_o original_n in_o so_o great_a a_o empire_n without_o the_o supposition_n of_o excellent_a law_n establish_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n thereof_o as_o for_o the_o emperor_n be_v annual_a revenue_n although_o they_o be_v not_o always_o fix_v and_o certain_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o vicissitude_n and_o alteration_n of_o time_n yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o 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former_o the_o stadtholder_n and_o chief_a commander_n of_o these_o part_n be_v wont_a to_o enjoy_v and_o life_n in_o no_o less_o pomp_n and_o state_n than_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n and_o this_o great_a honour_n and_o authority_n be_v confer_v upon_o he_o that_o the_o native_n dazzle_v with_o the_o splendour_n of_o his_o greatness_n may_v so_o be_v the_o better_o reduce_v under_o obedience_n but_o with_o this_o commander_n in_o chief_n be_v join_v a_o council_n who_o advice_n be_v always_o to_o be_v take_v in_o matter_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n the_o protection_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o commerce_n thereof_o the_o judicature_n consist_v of_o a_o precedent_n and_o several_a alderman_n there_o be_v one_o general_a guild_n or_o chamber_n of_o account_n to_o which_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v in_o india_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o hollander_n be_v responsible_a the_o whole_a city_n lie_v surround_v with_o thirteen_o strong_a bulwark_n which_o 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make_v a_o agreement_n with_o the_o english_a and_o join_v their_o force_n together_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o the_o new_a fort_n which_o defend_v itself_o gallant_o for_o six_o month_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o hollander_n bring_v several_a of_o their_o ship_n from_o the_o malava_n island_n to_o the_o number_n of_o eighteen_o which_o come_v thither_o to_o relieve_v their_o besiege_a countryman_n the_o english_a have_v advice_n of_o their_o come_n leave_v the_o siege_n bring_v the_o cannon_n aboard_o and_o set_v sail_n through_o the_o straight_a of_o sunda_n the_o general_n john_n peterson_n koene_n who_o be_v new_o arrive_v with_o a_o fleet_n from_o holland_n not_o doubt_v of_o the_o treachery_n of_o the_o king_n though_o he_o endeavour_v to_o excuse_v himself_o lay_v all_o the_o blame_n upon_o the_o english_a land_a his_o man_n with_o good_a order_n and_o conduct_v who_o after_o a_o few_o hour_n refreshment_n prepare_v themselves_o to_o assault_v the_o besieger_n which_o 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in_o the_o night_n but_o they_o be_v likewise_o force_v to_o retreat_n with_o a_o great_a slaughter_n who_o dead_a body_n be_v no_o small_a annoyance_n to_o the_o besiege_a against_o this_o inconvenience_n they_o burn_v several_a odoriferous_a gum_n to_o prevent_v the_o contagion_n which_o may_v proceed_v from_o thence_o among_o other_o remarkable_a passage_n that_o happen_v during_o this_o siege_n be_v that_o storm_n most_o to_o be_v admire_v which_o the_o enemy_n make_v upon_o a_o fort_n situate_v at_o the_o far_a corner_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v only_o guard_v by_o sixteen_o soldier_n who_o show_v far_o great_a courage_n in_o make_v their_o defence_n than_o the_o assaulter_n in_o the_o attempt_n with_o their_o whole_a army_n for_o after_o that_o they_o have_v spend_v all_o their_o powder_n and_o shot_n they_o untile_v the_o very_a fort_n and_o with_o the_o shard_n thereof_o do_v very_o great_a execution_n upon_o the_o enemy_n which_o ammunition_n be_v likewise_o spend_v and_o 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several_a question_n concern_v the_o trade_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o unite_a netherlands_o which_o be_v answer_v by_o the_o ambassador_n they_o seem_v satisfy_v and_o return_v to_o the_o ship_n with_o all_o their_o follower_n upon_o the_o 29._o come_v again_o a_o new_a heyton_n with_o a_o vice-admiral_n as_o commissioner_n from_o canton_n to_o receive_v the_o ambassador_n and_o to_o conduct_v they_o thither_o whereupon_o the_o ambassador_n at_o their_o invitation_n go_v again_o ashore_o and_o be_v conduct_v to_o a_o idol-temple_n where_o be_v receive_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n they_o spread_v their_o credential_n upon_o the_o table_n then_o heyton_n begin_v to_o propose_v several_a question_n namely_o whether_o we_o do_v not_o sail_n from_o canton_n about_o two_o year_n what_o manner_n of_o ware_n and_o merchandises_n we_o have_v bring_v with_o we_o who_o be_v aboard_o the_o other_o ship_n and_o how_o they_o come_v to_o separate_v from_o we_o how_o many_o man_n and_o gun_n 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the_o vice-roys_n to_o welcome_a the_o ambassador_n in_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a manner_n and_o to_o view_v the_o present_n which_o they_o have_v bring_v to_o the_o great_a cham_n will_v appear_v personal_o at_o their_o lodging_n wherefore_o upon_o the_o second_o of_o august_n we_o receive_v order_n to_o follow_v the_o ambassador_n with_o our_o yacht_n four_o great_a man_n of_o war_n of_o the_o viceroy_n be_v appoint_v to_o conduct_v we_o up_o the_o river_n about_o the_o evening_n we_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n near_o a_o small_a castle_n where_o the_o river_n be_v above_o two_o mile_n broad_a and_o have_v lie_v upon_o both_o side_n several_a little_a island_n on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o this_o river_n upon_o a_o small_a hill_n stand_v a_o high_a tower_n very_o curious_o adorn_v with_o nine_o round_n the_o like_a tower_n also_o show_v itself_o upon_o a_o certain_a island_n over_o against_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o canton_n the_o country_n situate_v on_o both_o side_n of_o this_o river_n abound_v very_o much_o in_o village_n which_o be_v mighty_a populous_a and_o fruitful_a field_n afford_v twice_o every_o year_n the_o labour_a and_o diligent_a countryman_n a_o very_a rich_a harvest_n upon_o the_o four_o of_o the_o same_o month_n we_o come_v before_o the_o famous_a and_o chief_a city_n of_o canton_n which_o be_v call_v by_o some_o quancheu_fw-la and_o the_o first_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n after_o our_o devotion_n and_o the_o take_a order_n about_o every_o thing_n aboard_o our_o ship_n we_o go_v that_o day_n ashore_o to_o the_o ambassador_n who_o we_o find_v lodge_v in_o a_o stately_a edifice_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n side_n over_o against_o which_o lie_v our_o yacht_n and_o former_o have_v be_v a_o idol-temple_n the_o viceroy_n have_v order_v two_o mandorin_n to_o guard_n with_o a_o good_a number_n of_o soldier_n the_o gate_n for_o our_o security_n but_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o yacht_v come_v to_o the_o ambassador_n lodging_n but_o they_o must_v immediate_o though_o against_o their_o will_n return_v aboard_o again_o under_o pretence_n that_o no_o ambassador_n which_o be_v send_v to_o the_o emperor_n be_v to_o reside_v at_o canton_n without_o a_o express_a order_n from_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n they_o likewise_o allege_v for_o their_o excuse_n that_o the_o governor_n of_o canton_n will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o answer_v to_o the_o emperor_n concern_v any_o mischief_n or_o accident_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o the_o ambassador_n be_v ashore_o afterward_o the_o mandorin_n poetsiensin_n and_o heyton_n bring_v the_o credential_n open_v aboard_o say_v that_o the_o vice-roys_n dare_v not_o accept_v or_o keep_v they_o before_o they_o have_v receive_v advice_n from_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n as_o at_o the_o beginning_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o whole_a relation_n of_o our_o travel_n i_o give_v a_o account_n in_o short_a of_o all_o the_o great_a and_o small_a city_n of_o the_o ten_o province_n in_o china_n through_o which_o i_o do_v not_o travel_v so_o now_o i_o find_v myself_o necessitate_v for_o the_o more_o particular_a information_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n of_o china_n to_o relate_v brief_o the_o remain_v five_o province_n each_o in_o his_o due_a place_n and_o the_o number_n of_o city_n into_o which_o each_o province_n be_v divide_v all_o which_o i_o see_v myself_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n which_o be_v the_o twelve_o in_o number_n among_o the_o fifteen_o into_o which_o all_o china_n be_v divide_v be_v encompass_v on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n on_o the_o north-west_n and_o north_n with_o that_o of_o kiangsi_n on_o the_o north-east_n it_o border_n upon_o foke_v from_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v by_o steep_a hill_n and_o mountain_n and_o the_o river_n ting_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o province_n border_n on_o the_o sea_n which_o
ornament_n to_o the_o place_n for_o from_o the_o water-gate_n go_v direct_o on_o to_o the_o king_n palace_n i_o tell_v in_o that_o line_n only_o no_o less_o than_o thirteen_o stately_a triumphal_a arch_n make_v of_o hew_a stone_n which_o be_v so_o set_v out_o with_o figure_n and_o inscription_n in_o carve_a work_n that_o all_o who_o behold_v they_o admire_v they_o as_o wonder_n and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a and_o most_o considerable_a ornament_n wherewith_o the_o chineses_n adorn_v their_o city_n i_o have_v for_o the_o better_a demonstration_n of_o the_o workmanship_n set_v before_o you_o the_o follow_v print_v draught_n of_o one_o of_o they_o that_o you_o may_v take_v a_o full_a view_n of_o every_o part_n and_o so_o judge_v of_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v general_o build_v after_o one_o and_o the_o same_o fashion_n these_o arch_n be_v common_o build_v with_o three_o story_n so_o artificial_o that_o we_o may_v very_o well_o say_v that_o neither_o wit_n nor_o ingenuity_n be_v want_v in_o their_o contrivance_n round_o about_o the_o pillar_n and_o in_o other_o place_n be_v write_v several_a chinese_n character_n and_o also_o cut_v several_a flower_n beast_n bird_n and_o other_o curious_a ornament_n as_o i_o suppose_v emblematical_a that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o most_o famous_a city_n i_o here_o present_a two_o draught_n the_o one_o the_o prospect_n as_o upon_o the_o water_n the_o other_o ichnographical_a of_o their_o street_n ground-plat_n temple_n wall_n castle_n house_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o they_o say_v this_o city_n before_o the_o last_o war_n be_v so_o wondrous_a populous_a and_o full_a of_o traffic_n that_o daily_o there_o be_v at_o least_o five_o or_o six_o man_n crowd_v to_o death_n in_o pass_v through_o the_o gate_n which_o will_v not_o seem_v altogether_o incredible_a if_o you_o consider_v the_o number_n of_o the_o adjacent_a village_n which_o abound_v with_o people_n constant_o resort_v thither_o this_o city_n have_v be_v twice_o subdue_v by_o arm_n and_o they_o say_v that_o in_o the_o last_o siege_n there_o be_v slay_v above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o men._n i_o shall_v relate_v to_o you_o in_o short_a what_o happen_v to_o canton_n during_o that_o terrible_a and_o bloody_a invasion_n after_o that_o the_o tartar_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o china_n except_o some_o few_o sea-town_n they_o fall_v with_o such_o a_o formidable_a army_n into_o this_o province_n of_o quantung_n that_o hardly_o any_o city_n how_o strong_a and_o populous_a soever_o dare_v withstand_v they_o but_o every_o one_o endeavour_v for_o prevention_n of_o her_o total_a ruin_n to_o receive_v the_o conqueror_n upon_o the_o best_a term_n they_o can_v this_o canton_n rely_v upon_o her_o invincible_a fort_n and_o castle_n only_o bid_v defiance_n to_o the_o tartar_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n do_v not_o a_o little_a encourage_v the_o chinese_n inhabitant_n but_o that_o which_o chief_o give_v they_o a_o resolution_n to_o withstand_v the_o enemy_n be_v that_o they_o have_v one_o iquon_n on_o their_o side_n who_o command_v a_o powerful_a fleet_n whereby_o he_o daily_o furnish_v the_o city_n with_o all_o necessary_a provision_n which_o the_o tartar_n can_v not_o hinder_v want_v sea-force_n and_o be_v unskilful_a in_o maritime_a affair_n but_o the_o besieger_n be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n spare_v neither_o pain_n nor_o cost_n to_o reduce_v it_o by_o force_n they_o storm_v the_o city_n three_o time_n but_o be_v courageous_o beat_v off_o by_o the_o besiege_a with_o great_a loss_n of_o man_n and_o arms._n this_o brave_a defence_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v the_o siege_n to_o last_v a_o whole_a year_n and_o their_o strong_a garrison_n enable_v they_o to_o make_v so_o many_o sally_n upon_o the_o besieger_n that_o they_o at_o last_o find_v themselves_o necessitate_v either_o to_o make_v one_o general_a assault_n with_o their_o whole_a army_n or_o else_o as_o baffle_v to_o raise_v their_o leaguer_n the_o ground_n plat_v of_o kanton_a a_o a_o pagode_n temple_n b._n a_o fort_n c._n the_o land_n gate_n d_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n e_o the_o place_n where_o the_o tartar_n be_v exercise_v f_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o tartar_n g._n a_o fair_a chinese_n tower_n h._n the_o old_a king_n palace_n i._o the_o young_a king_n palace_n k._n the_o first_o watergate_n l_o second_o watergate_n m._n the_o ambassador_n house_n n._n artillery_n house_n o._n the_o plain_a where_o the_o 〈◊〉_d be_v p._n two_o water_n châ—tlas_n q._n the_o dutsh-ship_n the_o vice-roys_n who_o govern_v over_o this_o kingdom_n at_o that_o time_n when_o we_o be_v there_o have_v then_o the_o chief_a command_n over_o the_o tartar_n these_o endeavour_v to_o corrupt_v the_o governor_n of_o canton_n with_o great_a promise_n and_o sum_n of_o money_n signify_v withal_o unto_o he_o these_o word_n that_o he_o shall_v consider_v into_o what_o extreme_a danger_n he_o be_v bring_v and_o what_o disaster_n be_v hang_v over_o his_o head_n that_o if_o so_o be_v he_o either_o love_v himself_o or_o his_o relation_n he_o shall_v forthwith_o surrender_v the_o city_n and_o this_o his_o favour_n they_o promise_v to_o requite_v with_o eternal_a friendship_n high_a preferment_n and_o forty_o thousand_o toel_n of_o silver_n the_o pusillanimous_a and_o faithless_a chinese_n governor_n whether_o that_o his_o heart_n misgive_v he_o or_o the_o money_n and_o large_o promise_v tempt_v the_o man_n so_o it_o be_v that_o though_o he_o may_v very_o well_o have_v defend_v the_o city_n yet_o contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n and_o honour_n he_o make_v a_o promise_n to_o the_o same_o tartarian_a commander_n to_o set_v open_a a_o gate_n to_o the_o besieger_n at_o a_o appoint_a hour_n which_o according_o he_o perform_v it_o be_v upon_o the_o 24._o of_o november_n 1650._o when_o the_o tartar_n upon_o this_o advantage_n rush_v with_o their_o whole_a army_n into_o the_o city_n which_o be_v soon_o subdue_v by_o they_o the_o besiege_a not_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o make_v any_o resistance_n for_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o tartar_n horse_n get_v in_o but_o they_o ride_v with_o great_a swiftness_n through_o all_o the_o street_n to_o hinder_v the_o chinese_n from_o gather_v together_o and_o though_o the_o chineses_n be_v not_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o the_o tartar_n yet_o they_o effect_v nothing_o be_v in_o disorder_n and_o surprise_v by_o the_o treachery_n of_o their_o governor_n so_o that_o the_o best_a course_n any_o can_v use_v be_v to_o save_v himself_o by_o flight_n the_o whole_a tartar_n army_n be_v get_v into_o the_o city_n the_o place_n be_v soon_o turn_v to_o a_o map_n of_o misery_n for_o every_o one_o begin_v to_o tear_v break_v and_o carry_v away_o whatsoever_o he_o can_v lay_v hand_n on_o the_o cry_n of_o woman_n child_n and_o age_a people_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o exceed_v all_o noise_n of_o such_o loud_a distraction_n so_o that_o from_o the_o 26._o of_o november_n to_o the_o 15._o of_o december_n there_o be_v hear_v no_o other_o cry_n in_o the_o street_n but_o strike_v kill_v and_o destroy_v the_o rebellious_a barbarian_n all_o place_n be_v full_a of_o woeful_a lamentation_n murder_n and_o rapine_n those_o that_o be_v able_a to_o ransom_n buy_v their_o life_n at_o dear_a rate_n and_o so_o escape_v the_o fury_n of_o these_o inhuman_a slaughterer_n at_o last_o the_o vice-roys_n and_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o army_n upon_o the_o six_o of_o winter-month_n do_v strict_o forbid_v any_o such_o cruel_a murder_n to_o be_v commit_v thenceforward_a i_o be_v credible_o inform_v that_o during_o the_o space_n of_o 80_o day_n above_o eight_o thousand_o be_v kill_v in_o cold_a blood_n by_o the_o tartar_n some_o among_o which_o the_o jesuit_n martinus_n be_v one_o in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o tartar_n war_n say_v that_o there_o be_v slay_v above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o which_o be_v not_o altogether_o improbable_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o great_a number_n there_o pen_v up_o but_o although_o this_o city_n be_v thus_o lamentable_o lay_v waste_n yet_o through_o the_o great_a care_n of_o the_o vice-roys_n it_o be_v in_o a_o few_o year_n after_o restore_v to_o its_o former_a lustre_n after_o that_o the_o ambassador_n have_v be_v three_o week_n aboard_o without_o come_v ashore_o all_o that_o while_n they_o have_v leave_v give_v to_o land_n with_o all_o their_o follower_n and_o be_v most_o noble_o receive_v in_o their_o former_a lodging_n but_o yet_o be_v so_o narrow_o guard_v by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o foot-soldier_n that_o they_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o go_v into_o the_o street_n two_o day_n after_o there_o come_v a_o mandorin_n to_o they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o viceroy_n who_o propose_v to_o they_o that_o they_o to_o obtain_v their_o end_n in_o china_n can_v not_o present_a and_o give_v to_o the_o emperor_n council_n
our_o trumpet_n sound_v in_o the_o hall_n with_o which_o he_o be_v exceee_o please_v and_o also_o seem_v much_o to_o admire_v our_o arm_n and_o because_o this_o tutang_n who_o hold_v his_o residence_n and_o court_n in_o this_o chief_a city_n have_v the_o command_n over_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n fokien_fw-fr hucang_fw-mi and_o quantung_v and_o consequent_o be_v not_o much_o inferior_a to_o a_o viceroy_n and_o that_o the_o ship_n of_o our_o east-india_n company_n bind_v from_o japan_n to_o taiwan_n often_o supply_v themselves_o here_o with_o much_o fresh_a water_n for_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n be_v all_o maritime_a lie_v opposite_a to_o the_o other_o island_n of_o formosa_fw-la therefore_o the_o ambassador_n conclude_v to_o offer_v he_o some_o present_n but_o he_o refuse_v they_o with_o great_a civility_n allege_v that_o the_o tartar_n government_n will_v not_o permit_v any_o present_n to_o be_v receive_v from_o any_o foreign_a people_n till_o they_o have_v make_v their_o appearance_n at_o the_o court_n before_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n he_o likewise_o add_v that_o he_o do_v not_o refuse_v they_o out_o of_o a_o chinese_n dissimulation_n but_o only_o to_o observe_v the_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n and_o assure_v the_o ambassador_n that_o in_o their_o return_n from_o peking_n all_o manner_n of_o friendship_n shall_v be_v show_v they_o this_o cancheu_fw-la in_o regard_n of_o the_o great_a income_n and_o revenue_n arise_v yearly_o from_o the_o trade_n that_o be_v drive_v there_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n and_o command_v over_o twelve_o small_a city_n it_o lie_v about_o sixty_o mile_n from_o canton_n close_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n can_v which_o take_v its_o source_n near_o to_o the_o eight_o small_a city_n call_v xuikin_n and_o flow_v from_o thence_o northward_o up_o to_o cancheu_fw-la the_o city_n be_v foursquare_a as_o nankang_v and_o be_v surround_v with_o a_o high_a stone_n wall_n about_o two_o mile_n compass_v there_o be_v four_o gate_n also_o to_o this_o city_n which_o be_v call_v after_o the_o four_o wind_n we_o lay_v all_o night_n in_o our_o bark_n before_o the_o western_a gate_n the_o street_n of_o the_o city_n be_v handsome_o pave_v on_o the_o east-end_n stand_v a_o high_a well-built_a tower_n from_o the_o top_n of_o which_o you_o have_v a_o full_a prospect_n of_o the_o city_n and_o adjacent_a country_n which_o be_v wondrous_a pleasant_a the_o burgher_n house_n and_o dwelling_n be_v build_v in_o good_a order_n among_o which_o be_v some_o very_a large_a one_o well_o furnish_v but_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o governor_n exceed_v all_o the_o rest_n among_o other_o stately_a edifice_n this_o place_n abound_v in_o curious_a idol-temple_n very_o rich_o adorn_v with_o picture_n and_o grave_v image_n but_o there_o be_v one_o especial_o who_o top_n stand_v high_a crown_v all_o the_o rest_n which_o may_v be_v reckon_v among_o the_o chief_a temple_n in_o all_o china_n and_o be_v call_v kuil_n kiasti_n miao_n miao_n signify_v a_o church_n and_o kuil_a kiasti_n be_v the_o peculiar_a name_n of_o the_o idol_n they_o here_o worship_v at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o two_o river_n change_v and_o can_v meet_v and_o conjoin_v across_o the_o stream_n lie_v a_o long_a bridge_n of_o boat_n cover_v over_o with_o plank_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bridge_n stand_v a_o toll-house_n for_o the_o receipt_n of_o custom_n upon_o the_o 18._o of_o april_n we_o pass_v by_o the_o ruinous_a and_o deplorable_a city_n of_o vanâ—â—ngam_n this_o city_n lie_v close_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n can_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n in_o a_o very_a fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a soil_n the_o tartar_n be_v so_o cruel_a to_o this_o place_n in_o the_o last_o war_n that_o they_o leave_v nothing_o stand_v that_o be_v any_o way_n remarkable_a it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v a_o wondrous_a delightful_a place_n very_o accurate_o build_v and_o full_a of_o inhabitant_n the_o country_n round_o about_o this_o city_n produce_v twice_o a_o year_n great_a store_n of_o fruit_n to_o the_o husbandman_n and_o not_o far_o from_o hence_o lie_v a_o hill_n which_o have_v silver-mine_n but_o the_o chineses_n be_v forbid_v by_o their_o law_n to_o dig_v for_o any_o silver_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o this_o city_n be_v a_o mountain_n call_v chaos_n who_o top_n reach_v up_o to_o the_o cloud_n and_o though_o of_o this_o vast_a height_n yet_o from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n there_o grow_v all_o sort_n of_o tree_n and_o herb_n which_o make_v we_o a_o delightful_a prospect_n at_o a_o distance_n we_o leave_v immediate_o this_o miserable_a town_n and_o come_v to_o a_o eminent_a village_n call_v pekkinsa_n who_o situation_n be_v most_o pleasant_a and_o where_o a_o good_a trade_n be_v drive_v in_o all_o naval_a material_n to_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n before_o you_o come_v to_o this_o village_n you_o see_v several_a cliff_n which_o have_v be_v so_o wonderful_o cut_v and_o order_v by_o art_n and_o labour_n that_o the_o very_a sight_n thereof_o fill_v we_o all_o with_o admiration_n but_o the_o last_o war_n have_v much_o deface_v the_o beauty_n of_o they_o and_o there_o be_v now_o only_o leave_v the_o ruin_n whereby_o to_o judge_v what_o a_o brave_a ornament_n they_o be_v former_o the_o very_a destruction_n of_o these_o artificial_a rock_n sufficient_o declare_v what_o vast_a devastation_n befall_v the_o whole_a empire_n of_o china_n in_o the_o last_o war_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o do_v not_o only_o ruin_v the_o great_a city_n town_n and_o village_n but_o neither_o suffer_v any_o ornament_n to_o continue_v eminent_a in_o the_o country_n for_o not_o any_o place_n of_o note_n escape_v the_o fury_n of_o those_o barbarous_a people_n except_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n which_o the_o tartar_n favour_v after_o they_o have_v take_v it_o where_o yet_o be_v to_o be_v see_v most_o rare_a and_o exquisite_a curiosity_n whereof_o we_o shall_v make_v mention_n hereafter_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a strangeness_n of_o these_o stone_n cliff_n make_v by_o art_n i_o take_v the_o altitude_n of_o one_o of_o they_o which_o have_v suffer_v least_o prejudice_n by_o the_o tartar_n and_o find_v it_o at_o least_o forty_o foot_n the_o like_a artificial_a rock_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o emperor_n court_n where_o the_o great_a tartar_n i_o be_o often_o refresh_v himself_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n we_o depart_v at_o last_o from_o this_o village_n pekkinsa_n and_o come_v late_o in_o the_o evening_n to_o the_o small_a city_n taiko_n which_o be_v the_o second_o small_a city_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o nine_o chief_a city_n kiegan_n and_o situate_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n can._n upon_o the_o 29._o of_o april_n we_o come_v unto_o the_o most_o famous_a city_n of_o kinungam_n call_v by_o some_o kiegan_v which_o be_v the_o nine_o prime_a city_n of_o this_o province_n of_o kiangâ—i_n it_o lie_v about_o forty_o mile_n from_o taiko_n be_v build_v upon_o the_o western_a side_n of_o the_o river_n can_v not_o far_o from_o the_o place_n where_o those_o terrible_a and_o dreadful_a cliff_n call_v xepatan_n discover_v themselves_o and_o be_v defend_v with_o tall_a battlement_n by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o she_o be_v enable_v to_o make_v resistance_n against_o the_o tartar_n when_o beleaguer_v by_o they_o here_o be_v also_o former_o many_o stately_a structure_n but_o they_o be_v now_o general_o ruin_v and_o destroy_v by_o the_o enemy_n some_o few_o idol-temple_n only_o remain_v over_o against_o the_o city_n lie_v a_o island_n where_o stand_v a_o curious_a temple_n of_o modern_a building_n hang_v round_o about_o with_o great_a and_o small_a image_n the_o country_n round_o about_o this_o city_n be_v full_a of_o hill_n and_o dale_n in_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v gold_n and_o silver_n mine_n but_o the_o chineses_n be_v prohibit_v by_o their_o law_n to_o dig_v for_o any_o only_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o take_v what_o of_o either_o they_o can_v find_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n these_o part_n be_v also_o pregnant_a and_o delightful_a for_o in_o this_o country_n which_o be_v seldom_o know_v in_o other_o place_n there_o be_v no_o want_n of_o water_n either_o winter_n or_o summer_n nor_o too_o much_o drought_n near_o to_o ganto_n the_o five_o small_a city_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o kinungam_n a_o mighty_a high_a mountain_n call_v nucung_n lift_v her_o head_n towards_o the_o cloud_n and_o be_v as_o remarkable_a for_o bigness_n as_o any_o in_o those_o part_n most_o of_o the_o chinese_n river_n be_v very_o dangerous_a be_v so_o precipitate_a that_o all_o vessel_n be_v liable_a almost_o to_o continual_a attaques_n and_o sudden_a surprisal_n of_o rock_n bank_n and_o shoal_n in_o ambush_n so_o that_o the_o master_n ought_v to_o
11_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a in_o circumference_n who_o thickness_n contain_v near_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o yard_n the_o chineses_n make_v great_a brag_v of_o the_o sound_n of_o this_o bell_n as_o if_o the_o like_a be_v not_o to_o be_v hear_v of_o again_o in_o all_o china_n yea_o not_o in_o the_o whole_a world_n but_o when_o we_o come_v and_o strike_v upon_o it_o we_o find_v it_o sufficient_o dull_a and_o the_o metal_n not_o so_o good_a as_o that_o of_o we_o in_o europe_n and_o though_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o last_o war_n do_v not_o much_o deprive_v and_o impair_v this_o city_n of_o its_o former_a lustre_n and_o splendour_n no_o city_n escape_v better_a than_o this_o nank_n yet_o however_o the_o stately_a palace_n of_o the_o king_n be_v total_a destroy_v by_o they_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o tartar_n do_v this_o for_o no_o other_o end_n or_o cause_n but_o out_o of_o a_o particular_a hatred_n and_o grudge_n which_o they_o bear_v to_o the_o family_n of_o taiminga_n who_o govern_v till_o the_o court_n be_v remove_v from_o thence_o to_o peking_n but_o though_o this_o city_n by_o the_o remove_n of_o the_o imperial_a court_n to_o peking_n be_v thus_o deprive_v of_o its_o ancient_a glory_n and_o splendour_n yet_o it_o be_v former_a and_o ancient_a magnificence_n as_o well_o as_o obedience_n be_v show_v by_o the_o extraordinary_a present_n yearly_o send_v to_o the_o emperor_n beyond_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n first_o of_o all_o every_o three_o month_n five_o ship_n be_v send_v from_o thence_o lade_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o silk_n and_o woollen_a clothes_n to_o the_o emperor_n at_o peking_n these_o ship_n be_v call_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n lungychuen_n which_o signify_v ship_n with_o dragon-cloth_n because_o they_o be_v send_v to_o the_o emperor_n who_o blazonry_n be_v full_a of_o dragon_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o in_o all_o my_o life-time_n i_o never_o see_v any_o ship_n to_o exceed_v these_o for_o riches_n and_o bravery_n for_o they_o be_v so_o very_a much_o gild_a and_o paint_a on_o the_o outside_n that_o it_o make_v our_o eye_n dazzle_v to_o look_v on_o they_o and_o within_o they_o be_v likewise_o most_o curious_o contrive_v and_o adorn_v with_o image_n this_o one_o thing_n alone_o be_v enough_o to_o discover_v the_o ingenuity_n of_o these_o people_n the_o city_n send_v likewise_o for_o a_o present_a to_o the_o emperor_n certain_a fish_n which_o be_v take_v before_o her_o wall_n in_o the_o river_n kiang_n in_o may_n and_o june_n and_o be_v by_o the_o chineses_n call_v siyu_n but_o by_o the_o portuguese_a who_o live_v there_o they_o be_v call_v savel_n and_o though_o the_o way_n from_o nank_v to_o peking_n be_v more_o than_o two_o hundred_o dutch_a mile_n yet_o they_o have_v a_o way_n to_o transport_v they_o to_o the_o emperor_n court_n fresh_a and_o good_a for_o a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n be_v appoint_v to_o draw_v the_o boat_n day_n and_o night_n who_o be_v relieve_v upon_o the_o way_n with_o fresh_a man_n so_o that_o they_o perform_v the_o journey_n in_o eight_o or_o ten_o day_n at_o the_o far_a which_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n with_o as_o much_o speed_n as_o ride_a post_n in_o europe_n they_o likewise_o signify_v by_o letter_n from_o place_n to_o place_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n when_o the_o bark_n be_v arrive_v and_o if_o the_o emperor_n be_v please_v they_o never_o fail_v to_o send_v twice_o a_o week_n as_o we_o be_v ride_v out_o one_o day_n to_o take_v the_o air_n and_o to_o view_v the_o city_n we_o pass_v by_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o old_a imperial_a court_n where_o sit_v a_o great_a tartar_n lady_n with_o her_o servant_n wait_v upon_o she_o about_o forty_o year_n of_o age_n she_o very_o civil_o send_v to_o our_o interpreter_n to_o invite_v the_o ambassador_n into_o her_o house_n jacob_n de_fw-fr keyzer_n hereupon_o light_v and_o the_o lady_n then_o make_v towards_o he_o she_o be_v very_o debonair_a and_o free_a look_v upon_o our_o sword_n and_o much_o admire_v their_o bend_n without_o break_v she_o take_v the_o ambassador_n hat_n and_o put_v it_o on_o her_o own_o head_n and_o unbutton_v his_o doublet_n almost_o down_o to_o his_o waste_n afterward_o she_o lead_v the_o way_n into_o the_o house_n and_o desire_v he_o to_o follow_v appoint_v one_o of_o her_o attendant_n to_o conduct_v he_o who_o bring_v we_o into_o her_o apartment_n where_o we_o find_v she_o with_o her_o daughter_n who_o be_v about_o half_o her_o age_n wait_v our_o come_n in_o great_a state_n the_o daughter_n be_v clothe_v in_o a_o violet-coloured_a damask_n gown_n and_o the_o mother_n in_o black_a damask_n and_o both_o of_o they_o have_v their_o ear_n hang_v with_o ring_n and_o their_o hair_n braid_v and_o twist_v about_o their_o head_n with_o string_n of_o pearl_n but_o over_o their_o hair_n they_o wear_v little_a cap_n make_v of_o reed_n with_o a_o tassel_n upon_o the_o crown_n of_o red_a silk_n their_o clothes_n reach_v down_o to_o their_o heel_n tie_v about_o the_o middle_a with_o a_o broad_a ribbon_n and_o button_v down_o from_o the_o neck_n to_o the_o waste_n their_o shoe_n be_v of_o black_a leather_n their_o face_n unmask_v without_o any_o paint_n they_o have_v we_o into_o a_o large_a withdrawing-room_n unfurnish_a only_o a_o few_o bench_n cover_v with_o silk_n upon_o which_o they_o desire_v we_o to_o sit_v they_o drink_v to_o we_o several_a time_n in_o their_o liquor_n make_v of_o bean_n which_o be_v very_o strong_a but_o agree_v wondrous_a well_o with_o their_o constitution_n they_o set_v before_o we_o also_o some_o of_o their_o sweetmeat_n much_o entreat_v we_o to_o eat_v excuse_v the_o meanness_n of_o the_o entertainment_n her_o husband_n be_v absent_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o plain_n stand_v a_o high_a steeple_n or_o tower_n make_v of_o porcelain_n which_o far_o exceed_v all_o other_o workmanship_n of_o the_o chinese_n in_o cost_n and_o skill_n by_o which_o the_o chineses_n have_v declare_v to_o the_o world_n the_o rare_a ingenuity_n of_o their_o artist_n in_o former_a age_n this_o tower_n have_v nine_o round_n and_o a_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o step_n to_o the_o top_n each_o round_n be_v adorn_v with_o a_o gallery_n full_a of_o image_n and_o picture_n with_o very_o handsome_a light_n the_o outside_n be_v all_o glaze_v over_o and_o paint_v with_o several_a colour_n as_o green_a red_a and_o yellow_a the_o whole_a fabric_n consist_v of_o several_a piece_n which_o be_v so_o artificial_o cement_v as_o if_o the_o work_n be_v all_o one_o entire_a piece_n round_o about_o all_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o gallery_n hang_v little_a bell_n which_o make_v a_o very_a pretty_a noise_n when_o the_o wind_n jangle_n they_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tower_n be_v crown_v with_o a_o pineapple_n which_o as_o they_o say_v be_v make_v of_o massy_a gold_n from_o the_o upper_a gallery_n you_o may_v see_v not_o only_o over_o the_o whole_a city_n but_o also_o over_o the_o adjacent_a country_n to_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n which_o be_v a_o most_o delightful_a prospect_n especial_o if_o you_o observe_v the_o vast_a circumference_n of_o the_o city_n reach_v with_o her_o suburb_n to_o the_o river_n side_n this_o wonderful_a pile_n as_o they_o inform_v we_o the_o chinese_n build_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o insult_a conqueror_n the_o tartar_n seven_o hundred_o year_n since_o as_o a_o pillar_n of_o honour_n to_o they_o and_o when_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o late_o they_o overran_a all_o china_n bring_v the_o whole_a country_n under_o absolute_a obedience_n the_o now_o prevail_a foe_n whether_o conquer_v by_o the_o extraordinary_a beauty_n and_o magnificence_n or_o whether_o they_o design_v by_o it_o to_o perpetuate_v the_o memory_n of_o their_o first_o conquest_n and_o also_o to_o add_v to_o their_o fame_n this_o their_o second_o subdue_a of_o they_o will_v not_o permit_v the_o demolish_n or_o deface_v in_o the_o least_o of_o this_o noble_a structure_n so_o that_o now_o it_o stand_v firm_a and_o entire_a as_o at_o first_o according_a to_o all_o outward_a appearance_n we_o find_v these_o people_n to_o exceed_v not_o only_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o candour_n sincerity_n and_o civil_a demeanour_n but_o as_o much_o excel_a in_o science_n and_o understanding_n there_o be_v also_o several_a of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o great_a estate_n keep_v like_o port_n both_o in_o their_o habit_n and_o hospitality_n they_o enjoy_v here_o far_o great_a privilege_n than_o in_o a_o less_o city_n which_o the_o tartar_n allow_v they_o suppose_v that_o to_o be_v a_o bridle_n to_o rebellion_n we_o find_v in_o this_o city_n of_o nank_v a_o jesuit_n his_o name_n manuel_n van_n lisbon_n who_o come_v aboard_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o ambassador_n to_o
channel_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o wideness_n and_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o undertake_n and_o be_v make_v at_o the_o emperor_n charge_n be_v call_v the_o king_n water_n we_o then_o pass_v by_o this_o sluice_n and_o so_o come_v into_o the_o first_o royal_a channel_n and_o from_o thence_o we_o get_v into_o the_o yellow_a river_n well_o may_v this_o channel_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o royal_a water_n since_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o pleasant_a to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o the_o world_n both_o side_n of_o the_o aquaduct_n have_v not_o only_o smooth_a large_a bank_n but_o plant_v also_o with_o stately_a and_o shady_a tree_n on_o the_o west_n and_o east_n of_o this_o royal_a channel_n for_o it_o reach_v from_o south_n to_o north_n we_o see_v rich_a pasture_n and_o delightful_a wood_n the_o like_v not_o to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o asia_n intermingle_v with_o abundance_n of_o wealthy_a town_n village_n pleasant_a seat_n and_o opulent_a and_o stately_a dwelling_n insomuch_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o delightful_a as_o if_o art_n and_o nature_n have_v strive_v to_o please_v the_o passenger_n upon_o his_o way_n through_o this_o famous_a channel_n on_o one_o side_n thereof_o stand_v a_o famous_a and_o renown_a image_n of_o the_o idol_n kinkang_v who_o be_v high_o adore_v by_o the_o chinese_n upon_o the_o 24._o we_o come_v to_o the_o brave_a city_n of_o jamcefu_n which_o be_v call_v by_o some_o yaucqeu_n and_o be_v reckon_v for_o the_o seven_o capital_a city_n of_o this_o famous_a province_n of_o nank_v this_o city_n lie_v about_o twenty_o mile_n from_o jejenjeen_n be_v build_v foursquare_a and_o surround_v with_o wall_n and_o strong_a bulwark_n it_o be_v very_o large_a be_v at_o least_o five_o mile_n about_o exceed_v most_o city_n in_o china_n for_o wealth_n and_o trade_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o city_n deal_v in_o several_a commodity_n but_o that_o wherein_o their_o chief_a trade_n consist_v be_v salt_n transport_v from_o thence_o into_o most_o province_n of_o china_n this_o salt_n be_v make_v of_o sea-water_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o we_o in_o europe_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o city_n we_o see_v stand_v a_o great_a many_o salt-pans_n wherein_o they_o boil_v sea-liquor_n day_n and_o night_n this_o trade_n alone_o have_v so_o very_a much_o enrich_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o town_n that_o they_o have_v rebuilt_a their_o city_n since_o the_o last_o destruction_n by_o the_o tartar_n erect_v it_o in_o as_o great_a splendour_n as_o it_o be_v at_o first_o no_o soon_o be_v we_o land_a in_o this_o city_n but_o the_o mandorin_n pinxenton_n go_v in_o great_a state_n to_o salute_v and_o compliment_v the_o commissioner_n of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n and_o present_v he_o with_o four_o piece_n of_o red_a clothes_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o ambassador_n the_o emperor_n have_v here_o a_o toll-house_n where_o the_o custom_n be_v pay_v for_o all_o such_o ware_n as_o pass_v the_o city_n be_v well_o build_v and_o have_v several_a channel_n run_v through_o it_o over_o which_o be_v many_o stone_n bridges_n on_o the_o westside_n be_v very_o large_a suburb_n which_o be_v former_o full_a of_o goodly_a structure_n but_o be_v most_o of_o they_o destroy_v in_o the_o last_o tartar_n war_n yet_o have_v begin_v since_o to_o be_v re-edified_a there_o be_v also_o several_a temple_n curious_o build_v and_o most_o rich_o adorn_v near_o this_o city_n be_v a_o very_a high_a mountain_n call_v heng._n next_o day_n be_v the_o 25._o we_o depart_v from_o this_o place_n and_o upon_o the_o verge_n of_o this_o royal_a channel_n we_o see_v twelve_o stone_n oven_n and_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o channel_n lie_v the_o famous_a burial-city_n of_o the_o great_a sultan_n much_o adore_v and_o worship_v by_o the_o chinese_n about_o noon_n we_o come_v to_o a_o village_n call_v saupoo_n where_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o chineses_n be_v celebrate_v the_o feast_n of_o the_o new_a year_n on_o the_o new-year_n day_n be_v then_o also_o fullmoon_n great_a acclamation_n and_o expression_n of_o joy_n signify_v by_o their_o light_n of_o so_o many_o candle_n and_o bonfire_n as_o if_o the_o whole_a city_n have_v be_v in_o one_o great_a flame_n they_o run_v likewise_o up_o and_o down_o the_o street_n in_o their_o nocturnal_o like_v so_o many_o distract_a bacchanal_n with_o taper_n in_o their_o hand_n twist_v together_o in_o the_o form_n of_o dragon_n we_o be_v force_v to_o stay_v here_o a_o while_n till_o the_o mandorin_n pinxenton_n and_o his_o lady_n also_o assist_v at_o the_o solemnity_n of_o this_o feast_n we_o find_v lie_v about_o this_o village_n in_o this_o royal_a channel_n a_o great_a number_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o strange_a build_v vessel_n but_o the_o most_o to_o be_v admire_v at_o be_v two_o bark_n or_o sloop_n which_o by_o the_o chinese_n be_v call_v longschon_n which_o signify_v a_o serpent-boat_n these_o two_o vessel_n be_v build_v after_o a_o particular_a fashion_n very_o curious_o paint_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o colour_n that_o they_o seem_v much_o to_o exceed_v those_o boat_n which_o carry_v the_o fish_n from_o nank_v to_o peking_n for_o the_o emperor_n use_n the_o mould_n or_o cast_v of_o this_o fair_a bottom_n be_v much_o like_o the_o form_n of_o our_o water-snake_n the_o stern_a hang_v full_a of_o strange_a serpent_n fasten_v with_o ribbon_n of_o several_a colour_n which_o make_v a_o gallant_a show_n at_o the_o stern_a of_o one_o of_o these_o vessel_n hang_v likewise_o two_o nimble_a boy_n who_o play_v trick_n and_o gambol_n to_o delight_v the_o spectator_n both_o above_o and_o by_o dive_v under_o water_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o each_o mast_n which_o be_v three_o in_o all_o stand_v a_o idol_n very_o curious_o adorn_v with_o silk_n flag_n and_o pennon_n in_o like_a manner_n stand_v on_o the_o poop_n a_o image_n dress_v with_o duck_n and_o drake_n the_o stern_a be_v also_o fill_v with_o standard_n set_v out_o with_o tassel_n of_o hair_n silk_n flag_n and_o long_a feather_n the_o boat_n cover_v round_o with_o silk_n under_o a_o upper_a high-raised_a desk_n full_a of_o flag_n and_o standard_n sit_v twelve_o lusty_a seaman_n with_o gild_a crown_n upon_o their_o head_n clothe_v in_o silk_n their_o arm_n naked_a these_o be_v so_o dexterous_a at_o row_v that_o the_o boat_n go_v at_o a_o extraordinary_a rate_n they_o come_v aboard_o of_o the_o ambassador_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v overjoy_v at_o their_o arrival_n the_o ambassador_n requite_v their_o kindness_n with_o a_o return_n of_o some_o present_n which_o they_o willing_o accept_v wish_v they_o good_a success_n in_o their_o voyage_n and_o a_o safe_a return_n into_o their_o own_o country_n near_o the_o duck_n stand_v a_o chinese_n with_o a_o fork_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o long_a feather_n in_o his_o cap_n who_o continual_o torture_v these_o poor_a creature_n put_v they_o in_o perpetual_a disquiet_n the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 26._o of_o may_n we_o come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o cajutsia_n which_o be_v also_o call_v by_o some_o caoyeu_n and_o be_v reckon_v for_o the_o four_o small_a city_n of_o the_o capital_a yancheu_fw-la this_o city_n we_o find_v lie_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o this_o royal_a water_n near_o a_o great_a pool_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v piexe_n out_o of_o which_o run_v plenty_n of_o water_n into_o this_o famous_a channel_n former_o all_o such_o vessel_n as_o come_v from_o nank_v bind_v for_o peking_n and_o the_o northern_a province_n be_v glad_a to_o pass_v over_o this_o pool_n to_o the_o great_a hindrance_n of_o commerce_n and_o navigation_n for_o oftentimes_o in_o a_o foul_a season_n they_o lay_v weather-bound_a before_o this_o city_n of_o caoyeu_n there_o be_v no_o venture_n over_o the_o pool_n till_o the_o wind_n be_v more_o silent_a and_o the_o swell_a billow_n more_o calm_a so_o that_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o commerce_n and_o safety_n of_o their_o voyage_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o pool_n this_o navigable_a channel_n be_v make_v sixty_o fathom_n long_o wall_v in_o with_o white_a stone_n a_o work_n so_o noble_a and_o excellent_a that_o it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v admire_v especial_o consider_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o white_a stone_n there_o use_v there_o be_v no_o such_o quarry_n in_o the_o adjacent_a part_n this_o caoyeu_n be_v very_o populous_a and_o have_v stately_a suburb_n build_v very_o close_o and_o full_a of_o great_a house_n the_o country_n round_o about_o produce_v great_a store_n of_o rice_n and_o be_v so_o full_a of_o building_n as_o if_o it_o be_v all_o but_o one_o continue_a village_n towards_o the_o west_n the_o country_n lie_v much_o under_o water_n but_o upon_o the_o side_n and_o banks_n grow_v store_n of_o reed_n which_o bring_v in_o a_o good_a revenue_n yearly_a to_o the_o public_a and_o be_v the_o only_o fire_v they_o have_v
likewise_o discharge_v by_o our_o host._n the_o next_o day_n we_o depart_v from_o cine_v and_o after_o a_o few_o hour_n sail_v we_o pass_v by_o a_o village_n call_v nanwaig_n lie_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o this_o royal_a channel_n where_o this_o and_o the_o river_n luen_o meet_v and_o mingle_v their_o water_n the_o tartar_n and_o chinese_n tell_v we_o strange_a story_n of_o this_o river_n among_o the_o rest_n that_o if_o you_o fling_v in_o nine_o stick_n six_o will_v drive_v towards_o the_o south_n and_o three_o towards_o the_o north._n we_o seem_v much_o to_o admire_v at_o the_o report_n but_o scarce_o believe_v it_o till_o we_o make_v the_o experiment_n ourselves_o by_o fling_v so_o many_o stick_v into_o the_o water_n which_o convince_v we_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o have_v be_v tell_v we_o but_o neither_o the_o tartar_n chinese_n nor_o other_o inhabitant_n be_v able_a to_o give_v we_o any_o account_n of_o this_o wonderful_a mystery_n of_o nature_n this_o i_o try_v over_o against_o a_o idol-temple_n call_v the_o royal_a serpent_n concern_v which_o the_o chineses_n tell_v we_o several_a wonder_n upon_o the_o 19_o of_o the_o same_o month_n we_o come_v to_o a_o small_a city_n call_v xantsui_n be_v the_o 23._o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n yengcheu_o this_o place_n lie_v abont_v thirty_o mile_n from_o cine_v on_o both_o side_n of_o this_o royal_a channel_n and_o be_v guard_v at_o each_o end_n with_o a_o strong_a castle_n the_o country_n round_o about_o lie_v often_o under_o water_n by_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o yellow_a river_n which_o sometime_o rise_v to_o that_o height_n that_o it_o drown_v and_o carry_v away_o whole_a town_n and_o village_n the_o next_o morning_n we_o set_v sail_n from_o xantsui_n and_o by_o the_o way_n we_o see_v several_a fair_a village_n and_o cornfield_n on_o both_o side_n of_o this_o royal_a channel_n as_o also_o several_a strong_a sluice_n which_o do_v not_o a_o little_a hinder_v we_o in_o our_o passage_n for_o between_o xantsui_n and_o lince_v we_o pass_v through_o 58_o sluice_n not_o far_o from_o xantsui_n stand_v a_o famous_a idol-temple_n call_v teywanmiao_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o such_o great_a esteem_n among_o they_o that_o they_o reckon_v it_o for_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a in_o all_o china_n it_o be_v build_v very_o high_a with_o strong_a wall_n of_o gray_a stone_n and_o gallant_o adorn_v after_o the_o chinese_n fashion_n the_o top_n of_o this_o temple_n be_v cover_v with_o yellow_a glaze_v tile_n and_o the_o wall_n be_v also_o colour_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n so_o that_o when_o the_o sun_n shine_v it_o glister_v like_o gold_n all_o over_o upon_o the_o twenty_o of_o june_n we_o come_v to_o tuncham_n the_o three_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xantung_n build_v in_o a_o foursquare_n form_n and_o environ_v with_o wall_n and_o bulwark_n the_o street_n thereof_o be_v large_a and_o well-built_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o city_n stand_v a_o high_a and_o curious_a fabric_n with_o four_o brave_a arch_n have_v strong_a wall_n and_o bulwark_n with_o several_a gate_n lead_v into_o it_o on_o the_o north-side_n run_v a_o broad_a water_n which_o encompass_n the_o city_n over_o which_o be_v a_o wooden_a bridge_n of_o 137_o foot_n long_o by_o which_o they_o pass_v into_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o city_n on_o the_o southside_n be_v stately_a suburb_n which_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o trade_n may_v very_o well_o pass_v for_o another_o city_n it_o be_v well_o build_v with_o goodly_a house_n and_o idol-temple_n towards_o the_o east_n the_o inhabitant_n show_v we_o a_o very_a large_a iron_n tomb_n which_o they_o tell_v we_o be_v erect_v at_o least_o 700_o year_n ago_o for_o some_o great_a lord_n who_o memory_n the_o chineses_n have_v in_o much_o honour_n have_v do_v his_o country_n some_o signal_n and_o remarkable_a service_n and_o for_o which_o he_o lose_v his_o life_n in_o the_o war_n round_o about_o this_o city_n the_o land_n be_v very_o low_a and_o flat_a but_o wondrous_a fruitful_a in_o the_o product_n of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o humane_a sustenance_n no_o part_n of_o china_n produce_v so_o much_o silk_n as_o this_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o live_v chief_o by_o this_o manufacture_n wherewith_o they_o trade_n into_o other_o country_n here_o the_o inhabitant_n tell_v we_o be_v sometime_o find_v a_o stone_n in_o the_o maw_n of_o the_o cow_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v nieuhoang_v which_o signify_v the_o yellow_a of_o the_o cow_n this_o stone_n be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o goose_n egg_n outward_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o a_o soft_a chalky_a substance_n only_o of_o a_o yellowish_a colour_n and_o be_v by_o some_o thought_n to_o be_v the_o bezoar_n stone_n the_o chinese_n surgeon_n high_o commend_v it_o and_o use_v great_a diligence_n for_o the_o procure_n of_o it_o they_o write_v that_o it_o be_v of_o a_o cold_a temper_n and_o very_o sovereign_a in_o faint_v and_o swoon_v fi_n in_o the_o country_n of_o this_o chief_a city_n near_o to_o the_o eleven_o small_a city_n call_v laotung_v lie_v among_o the_o rest_n a_o hill_n call_v mingxe_v which_o signify_v the_o stone_n of_o noise_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o this_o hill_n as_o the_o inhabitant_n relate_v to_o we_o stand_v a_o column_n of_o 100_o rod_n high_a which_o as_o soon_o as_o touch_v with_o the_o finger_n sound_v like_o a_o drum_n from_o which_o noise_n the_o hill_n derive_v its_o name_n the_o chineses_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o near_o to_o quonch_v the_o seventeen_o small_a city_n of_o this_o chief_a city_n be_v a_o pool_n call_v ho_o wherein_o former_o the_o king_n of_o guei_n keep_v and_o feed_v his_o crane_n with_o great_a care_n and_o delight_n the_o chineses_n in_o this_o country_n as_o likewise_o through_o all_o china_n feed_v this_o bird_n in_o their_o house_n as_o they_o do_v also_o the_o stag_n which_o be_v creature_n of_o long_a life_n they_o fancy_n to_o themselves_o that_o in_o have_v of_o they_o to_o breathe_v upon_o they_o they_o shall_v likewise_o live_v long_o we_o continue_v all_o night_n in_o our_o vessel_n before_o this_o city_n and_o set_v sail_v the_o next_o morning_n and_o past_a over_o the_o pool_n nanyang_n which_o abound_v with_o fish_n and_o that_o night_n come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o lince_a which_o lie_v about_o thirty_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n tungchang_n and_o be_v situate_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o royal_a channel_n we_o lay_v at_o the_o end_n thereof_o where_o that_o and_o the_o river_n guei_fw-mi separate_v the_o province_n of_o xantung_n from_o that_o of_o peking_n and_o mingle_v and_o unite_v their_o water_n we_o be_v no_o soon_o arrive_v at_o this_o city_n but_o the_o governor_n appear_v upon_o the_o wall_n near_o the_o place_n where_o we_o lie_v with_o our_o vessel_n to_o welcome_a and_o receive_v the_o ambassador_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o kindness_n pinxenton_n and_o the_o other_o mandorin_n go_v first_o ashore_o to_o he_o whereupon_o the_o governor_n send_v for_o some_o chair_n for_o the_o ambassador_n who_o follow_v the_o mandorin_n and_o be_v most_o civil_o receive_v by_o he_o intimate_v that_o he_o can_v not_o entertain_v they_o at_o his_o court_n because_o they_o have_v not_o yet_o appear_v before_o the_o emperor_n at_o peking_n the_o ambassador_n send_v some_o present_n to_o the_o governor_n who_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n refuse_v they_o because_o this_o lince_a lie_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o yellow_a channel_n near_o the_o river_n guei_n and_o so_o consequent_o a_o very_a commodious_a harbour_n for_o ship_n all_o manner_n of_o good_n and_o ware_n be_v bring_v from_o all_o part_n of_o china_n to_o this_o city_n for_o which_o they_o must_v pay_v custom_n there_o and_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o emperor_n have_v three_o commissioner_n resine_v in_o that_o place_n to_o receive_v his_o due_n this_o navigation_n occasion_n so_o great_a a_o trade_n in_o lince_v that_o it_o exceed_v the_o other_o eighteen_o small_a city_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o tunchang_n in_o number_n of_o people_n plenty_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o thing_n gallantry_n of_o building_n and_o greatness_n of_o commerce_n neither_o give_v she_o place_n to_o any_o inferior_a city_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o royal_a channel_n near_o to_o the_o city_n stand_v two_o strong_a and_o large_a castle_n one_o against_o the_o other_o which_o be_v no_o small_a strength_n to_o the_o place_n by_o which_o no_o vessel_n whatsoever_o can_v pass_v without_o pay_v their_o duty_n in_o this_o channel_n be_v likewise_o just_a before_o the_o city_n two_o strong_a and_o heavy_a sluice_n to_o force_v back_o the_o upper_a water_n which_o run_v from_o the_o river_n guei_n and_o be_v sometime_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n high_o
china_n dish_v for_o the_o table_n according_a to_o their_o manner_n but_o the_o ambassador_n to_o hint_n to_o they_o how_o they_o fare_v in_o holland_n bespeak_v several_a other_o dish_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n but_o we_o receive_v after_o we_o have_v be_v before_o the_o emperor_n a_o double_a allowance_n which_o be_v seldom_o do_v to_o any_o other_o foreign_a addressor_n in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o province_n wherein_o this_o chief_a imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n be_v situate_a as_o also_o the_o city_n itself_o have_v be_v call_v in_o several_a time_n by_o several_a name_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o chinese_n as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o when_o the_o race_n which_o command_v and_o rule_n over_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v alter_v common_o also_o then_o the_o chief_a city_n nay_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n change_n and_o alter_v their_o name_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o race_n of_o chiva_n this_o province_n and_o chief_a city_n be_v call_v jeu_o under_o the_o race_n of_o cina_n it_o be_v call_v xangho_n when_o the_o race_n of_o hana_n reign_v it_o be_v call_v quangyang_n and_o under_o the_o race_n of_o ciin_n eanyang_n but_o the_o race_n of_o taiminga_n which_o drive_v the_o tartar_n out_o of_o china_n name_v it_o peking_n and_o xuntien_n by_o both_o which_o they_o now_o call_v it_o the_o city_n be_v call_v peking_n which_o signify_v the_o northern_a chief_a city_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o nank_v which_o we_o interpret_v the_o southern_a city_n but_o the_o other_o name_n xuntien_n whereby_o it_o be_v so_o common_o call_v by_o the_o chinese_n geographer_n signify_v obedient_a to_o heaven_n it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o tartar_n cambalu_n that_o be_v the_o city_n of_o the_o lord_n it_o lie_v in_o 40_o degree_n northern_a latitude_n almost_o upon_o the_o outward_a northern_a limit_n of_o this_o province_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n not_o far_o from_o those_o high_a mountain_n and_o that_o great_a and_o famous_a wall_n which_o separate_v the_o tartar_n and_o chinese_n in_o the_o north_n from_o each_o other_o it_o exceed_v the_o southern_a chief_a city_n of_o nank_v in_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n soldier_n and_o magistrate_n but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o nank_v for_o largeness_n regular_a street_n and_o fortification_n it_o be_v southside_n lie_v vest_v with_o two_o high_a and_o thick_a wall_n which_o be_v so_o broad_a that_o twelve_o horse_n may_v go_v abrest_n upon_o they_o without_o any_o hindrance_n to_o one_o another_o the_o inner_a wall_n which_o extend_v about_o ten_o mile_n in_o circuit_n be_v so_o thick_o set_v with_o bulwark_n that_o one_o may_v easy_o fling_v a_o stone_n from_o tower_n to_o tower_n this_o wall_n be_v all_o of_o stone_n and_o so_o very_o high_a that_o i_o believe_v the_o like_a be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v again_o in_o all_o europe_n the_o outward_a wall_n within_o which_o the_o suhurb_n lie_v environ_v have_v very_o slight_a fortification_n only_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o gate_n be_v three_o strong_a outwork_n in_o these_o redoubt_n and_o tower_n the_o soldier_n by_o night_n keep_v strict_a court_n of_o guard_n as_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v at_o the_o gate_n the_o chinese_n emperor_n taicungus_n who_o reign_v over_o china_n in_o the_o year_n 1404._o do_v very_o much_o embellish_v this_o city_n and_o bestow_v several_a privilege_n upon_o it_o among_o the_o emperor_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o race_n of_o taiminga_n this_o taicungus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o leave_v the_o city_n of_o nank_v and_o settle_v his_o imperial_a court_n and_o residence_n in_o this_o chief_a city_n of_o peking_n the_o better_a to_o hinder_v and_o resist_v the_o inroad_n and_o excursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n drive_v out_o of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n by_o his_o grandfather_n the_o city_n have_v twelve_o gate_n all_o rarity_n in_o china_n be_v bring_v hither_o so_o that_o this_o city_n abound_v in_o every_o thing_n fit_a either_o for_o pleasure_n or_o humane_a sustenance_n several_a thousand_o royal_a vessel_n beside_o those_o of_o private_a person_n be_v continual_o employ_v to_o fetch_v all_o manner_n of_o ware_n and_o curiosity_n for_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o council_n at_o peking_n hither_o come_v all_o the_o revenue_n which_o each_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pay_v yearly_a to_o the_o emperor_n exchequer_n and_o the_o better_a to_o effect_v this_o for_o the_o import_v of_o all_o ware_n to_o peking_n the_o chineses_n use_v great_a endeavour_n to_o make_v all_o river_n navigable_a that_o so_o they_o may_v come_v with_o ease_n by_o water_n to_o the_o emperor_n court_n with_o the_o product_n of_o several_a province_n just_o may_v a_o man_n admire_v at_o the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o chinese_n which_o partly_o by_o art_n and_o partly_o by_o nature_n be_v so_o bring_v to_o pass_v that_o you_o may_v come_v to_o this_o city_n hundred_o of_o mile_n by_o ship_n from_o most_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o this_o importation_n this_o place_n though_o in_o a_o unfruitful_a and_o barren_a soil_n possess_v every_o thing_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o may_v be_v call_v the_o granary_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n for_o they_o have_v a_o proverb_n among_o they_o that_o there_o grow_v nothing_o in_o peking_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o want_n of_o any_o thing_n all_o commander_n and_o officer_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o military_a who_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o be_v prefer_v must_v betake_v themselves_o to_o this_o city_n which_o prescribe_v law_n to_o all_o other_o and_o upon_o this_o place_n alone_o depend_v the_o whole_a government_n of_o china_n so_o that_o a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o learned_a man_n and_o officer_n be_v always_o resident_a here_o the_o street_n be_v not_o pave_v insomuch_o that_o in_o wet_a weather_n which_o be_v seldom_o they_o be_v hardly_o passable_a but_o when_o the_o northern_a wind_n blow_v and_o the_o wether_n be_v dry_a the_o soil_n which_o be_v of_o a_o light_a substance_n make_v a_o dust_n far_o more_o noisome_a to_o passenger_n than_o the_o deep_a and_o miry_a street_n for_o such_o it_o be_v that_o it_o blind_v a_o man_n as_o he_o go_v along_o the_o inhabitant_n therefore_o to_o prevent_v this_o inconvenience_n be_v fain_o to_o wear_v silk_n hood_n over_o their_o face_n and_o the_o extraordinary_a foulness_n of_o the_o way_n make_v very_o many_o to_o keep_v horse_n to_o carry_v they_o after_o a_o rainy_a day_n for_o the_o infinite_a number_n of_o common_a people_n that_o be_v continual_o up_o and_o down_o turn_v this_o dusty_a soil_n into_o mire_n and_o dirt_n after_o a_o little_a rain_n there_o be_v also_o horse_n or_o sedan_n to_o be_v hire_v at_o any_o time_n for_o the_o accommodation_n of_o passenger_n but_o none_o make_v use_v of_o sedan_n or_o chair_n but_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o which_o they_o be_v carry_v in_o great_a state_n these_o sedan_n be_v make_v very_o artificial_o of_o bamboes_n or_o rush_n in_o the_o middle_n whereof_o stand_v a_o chair_n which_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o tiger_n skin_n upon_o which_o he_o that_o be_v carry_v seat_n himself_o have_v behind_o he_o a_o boy_n with_o a_o umbril_n in_o his_o hand_n to_o keep_v off_o the_o sun_n his_o servant_n likewise_o attend_v he_o some_o of_o they_o go_v before_o and_o other_o follow_v after_o with_o ensign_n upon_o their_o shoulder_n whereby_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n be_v know_v and_o he_o respect_v according_o as_o he_o pass_v along_o the_o city_n abound_v in_o extraordinary_a brave_a building_n famous_a idol-temple_n high_a and_o artificial_a tower_n and_o triumphal_a arch_n which_o exceed_o adorn_v the_o same_o but_o we_o have_v not_o so_o full_a a_o view_n thereof_o as_o we_o can_v have_v wish_v in_o regard_n we_o be_v little_o better_a as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v than_o confine_v to_o our_o lodging_n by_o order_n of_o the_o emperor_n marcus_n paulus_n a_o venetian_a who_o be_v in_o this_o city_n in_o the_o year_n 1275._o when_o the_o tartar_n conquer_v the_o southern_a province_n of_o china_n call_v the_o same_o in_o his_o write_n by_o the_o name_n of_o cambalu_n which_o he_o describe_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o city_n cambalu_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o province_n of_o cathai_n upon_o a_o great_a river_n and_o signify_v the_o city_n of_o the_o lord_n have_v be_v very_o famous_a in_o all_o age_n the_o great_a cham_n do_v transfer_v this_o city_n to_o another_o part_n of_o the_o river_n for_o the_o astrologer_n have_v foretell_v he_o that_o it_o shall_v rise_v up_o against_o he_o it_o lie_v foursquare_a and_o be_v twenty_o four_o mile_n in_o circumference_n so_o that_o each_o side_n be_v six_o mile_n long_o the_o wall_n be_v of_o white_a stone_n high_a and_o broad_a each_o side_n of_o the_o wall_n have_v three_o
furlong_n in_o length_n over_o which_o be_v the_o direct_a road_n to_o fokien_n and_o have_v several_a good_a inn_n upon_o it_o for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o passenger_n bridge_n or_o sluice_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la over_o the_o river_n guei_n lie_v three_o sluice_n namely_o one_o easterly_n the_o second_o in_o the_o middle_n the_o three_o towards_o the_o west_n all_o of_o they_o build_v very_o strong_a with_o many_o great_a and_o very_o high_a arch_n of_o square_a stone_n curious_o adorn_v and_o carve_v with_o divers_a sort_n of_o image_n as_o lion_n dragon_n and_o the_o like_a in_o the_o province_n of_o queicheu_o in_o the_o four_o chief_a city_n ganxin_n be_v three_o sluice_n of_o great_a bigness_n but_o the_o three_o call_v tiense_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o natural_a sluice_n be_v well_o nigh_o a_o thousand_o rod_n long_o in_o the_o same_o province_n near_o to_o the_o city_n hanchung_a be_v a_o most_o admirable_a piece_n of_o work_n so_o great_a a_o masterpiece_n in_o its_o kind_n that_o the_o like_a thereof_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o world_n who_o description_n i_o will_v give_v you_o as_o follow_v between_o this_o and_o the_o chief_a city_n the_o way_n be_v former_o altogether_o unpassable_a and_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v constrain_v to_o fetch_v a_o great_a compass_n round_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o high_a and_o rough_a hill_n and_o steep_a passage_n sometime_o necessitate_v to_o travel_v towards_o the_o east_n to_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n and_o then_o again_o to_o turn_v towards_o the_o north_n so_o that_o they_o go_v at_o least_o two_o thousand_o furlong_n whereas_o the_o direct_a way_n over_o the_o mountain_n be_v not_o much_o more_o than_o five_o hundred_o wherefore_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o race_n of_o cina_n when_o licupangus_fw-la mad_a war_n with_o hiangyus_fw-la for_o the_o empire_n all_o these_o steep_a hill_n and_o vale_n be_v level_v by_o order_n of_o changleangus_fw-la the_o general_n of_o licupangus_fw-la to_o make_v his_o army_n with_o the_o more_o ease_n to_o pursue_v the_o fly_a enemy_n and_o certain_o with_o great_a and_o incredible_a labour_n and_o industry_n be_v this_o stupendous_a work_n effect_v in_o which_o he_o employ_v no_o less_o than_o his_o whole_a army_n with_o at_o least_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n more_o by_o who_o labour_n a_o way_n be_v at_o last_o perfect_v through_o the_o same_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o way_n be_v wall_n make_v out_o of_o these_o mountain_n so_o high_a that_o part_n thereof_o touch_v the_o very_a cloud_n and_o thereby_o obscure_v the_o passage_n in_o some_o place_n in_o other_o he_o cause_v plank_n to_o be_v lay_v to_o serve_v as_o bridge_n to_o pass_v over_o from_o one_o mountain_n to_o another_o on_o purpose_n to_o shorten_v the_o way_n which_o be_v general_o so_o broad_a that_o four_o may_v ride_v abreast_o and_o have_v convenience_n enough_o to_o accommodate_v passenger_n and_o lest_o the_o people_n shall_v by_o chance_n receive_v any_o mischief_n as_o they_o pass_v over_o the_o bridge_n both_o the_o side_n thereof_o be_v rail_v in_o from_o one_o end_n to_o another_o in_o the_o same_o province_n near_o to_o the_o city_n chegan_n be_v a_o bridge_n call_v fi_n reach_v from_o one_o mountain_n to_o another_o and_o have_v but_o one_o single_a arch_n which_o be_v six_o hundred_o foot_n long_o and_o near_o seven_o hundred_o foot_n high_a through_o which_o the_o yellow_a river_n run_v it_o be_v three_o year_n in_o building_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o people_n the_o fly_a bridge_n in_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n in_o the_o city_n queite_fw-mi lie_v a_o sluice_n make_v of_o foursquare_a stone_n over_o the_o mere_a or_o lake_n call_v nan._n in_o the_o province_n of_o huquang_n near_o to_o the_o city_n chyangang_n be_v another_o sluice_n of_o stone_n have_v several_a arch_n erect_v by_o king_n guei_n in_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n in_o the_o little_a city_n of_o gangin_n there_o be_v a_o bridge_n worthy_a to_o be_v speak_v of_o and_o call_v the_o bridge_n of_o obedience_n and_o subjection_n the_o story_n of_o it_o go_v thus_o a_o daughter_n of_o rich_a parent_n marry_v a_o husband_n who_o soon_o after_o die_v and_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v hold_v in_o china_n a_o great_a dishonour_n to_o honest_a woman_n to_o marry_v the_o second_o time_n she_o go_v and_o live_v with_o her_o father_n and_o mother_n that_o by_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o their_o company_n she_o may_v the_o better_o and_o more_o easy_o forget_v the_o loss_n of_o her_o husband_n but_o not_o long_o after_o her_o father_n and_o mother_n happen_v to_o die_v by_o who_o loss_n be_v leave_v comfortless_a she_o upon_o serious_a debate_n within_o herself_o lay_v out_o her_o estate_n upon_o building_n of_o this_o bridge_n which_o stand_v upon_o several_a arch_n and_o when_o she_o have_v finish_v it_o be_v yet_o trouble_v in_o her_o thought_n she_o come_v early_o one_o morning_n to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o structure_n which_o have_v do_v and_o imagine_v her_o memory_n will_v be_v eternize_v thereby_o she_o fling_v herself_o headlong_o into_o the_o river_n where_o she_o be_v drown_v in_o the_o same_o province_n in_o the_o city_n of_o cancheu_fw-la where_o the_o river_n change_v and_o can_v meet_v in_o one_o be_v a_o very_a long_a bridge_n build_v upon_o a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o boat_n fasten_v to_o one_o another_o with_o chain_n upon_o which_o lie_v the_o plank_n and_o timber_n that_o compile_v the_o bridge_n one_o or_o two_o of_o which_o boat_n be_v so_o contrive_v and_o order_v that_o they_o easy_o remove_v to_o open_v or_o shut_v and_o so_o make_v passage_n for_o vessel_n at_o pleasure_n after_o they_o have_v pay_v their_o toll_n for_o the_o receipt_n whereof_o there_o stand_v a_o toll-house_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o bridge_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n near_o the_o five_o chief_a city_n xinhoa_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n fanguien_v be_v a_o very_a large_a bridge_n make_v over_o a_o vale_n which_o be_v so_o stupendous_a a_o work_n that_o it_o fill_v all_o people_n with_o great_a admiration_n that_o ever_o see_v it_o in_o the_o same_o province_n in_o the_o city_n luki_n be_v a_o bridge_n consist_v of_o stone_n pillar_n and_o wooden_a plank_n which_o be_v a_o hundred_o rod_n in_o length_n in_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n in_o the_o chief_a city_n focheu_o be_v a_o very_a stately_a sluice_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o rod_n long_o and_o half_a a_o rod_n broad_a build_v over_o a_o inlet_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o yellow_a and_o white_a stone_n with_o a_o hundred_o very_o lofty_a arch_n adorn_v and_o beautify_v with_o sculpture_n of_o lion_n and_o other_o creature_n the_o like_a lie_n near_o to_o the_o city_n foce_n and_o according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o chinese_n be_v a_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o rod_n long_o in_o the_o second_o chief_a city_n civencheu_o may_v be_v see_v a_o stately_a bridge_n call_v loyang_n the_o like_a whereof_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o whole_a world_n who_o description_n a_o certain_a chinese_n historian_n give_v after_o this_o manner_n near_o to_o the_o city_n burrolilicum_fw-la say_v he_o lie_v over_o the_o river_n loyang_n the_o bridge_n by_o some_o call_v also_o loyang_n but_o by_o other_o vangang_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n name_v cayang_n cause_v this_o bridge_n to_o be_v make_v which_o be_v three_o hundred_o sixty_o rod_n long_o and_o half_a a_o rod_n broad_a before_o the_o erect_n thereof_o people_n be_v ferry_v over_o in_o boat_n but_o in_o regard_n every_o year_n several_a boat_n be_v cast_v away_o by_o foul_a wether_n the_o governor_n for_o the_o preservation_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n resolve_v to_o build_v this_o bridge_n which_o he_o do_v of_o blackâ—_n stone_n it_o rest_v not_o upon_o arch_n but_o have_v at_o least_o three_o hundred_o large_a pedestal_n or_o column_n of_o stone_n make_v after_o the_o fashion_n of_o boat_n which_o be_v sharp_a before_o the_o better_a to_o withstand_v the_o force_n of_o the_o current_n and_o to_o prevent_v any_o danger_n to_o such_o as_o pass_v over_o the_o side_n be_v wall_v in_o with_o stone_n to_o a_o good_a height_n and_o beautify_v in_o several_a place_n with_o image_n of_o all_o sort_n according_a to_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o country_n in_o the_o three_o chief_a city_n cangcheu_o there_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v another_o very_a stately_a bridge_n make_v of_o stone_n with_o thirty_o six_o very_a high_a and_o great_a arch_n it_o be_v so_o commodious_o broad_a that_o shop_n be_v make_v on_o both_o side_n and_o yet_o room_n enough_o for_o passenger_n either_o on_o horse_n or_o foot_n there_o be_v several_a other_o famous_a bridge_n in_o many_o port_n and_o city_n of_o this_o empire_n which_o to_o particularize_v
that_o it_o be_v hear_v some_o mile_n distant_a in_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n hard_a by_o the_o chief_a city_n nanchange_n be_v the_o mountain_n pechang_n which_o signify_v the_o mountain_n of_o a_o hundred_o rod_n because_o the_o water_n there_o run_v so_o far_o with_o great_a impetuousness_n in_o the_o river_n chuem_fw-la which_o run_v near_o to_o xunk_v through_o steep_a and_o cragged_a rock_n be_v thirty_o six_o great_a water-falls_a which_o continual_o roar_v with_o a_o most_o hideous_a noise_n near_o to_o the_o ten_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o province_n be_v a_o river_n call_v xemuen_v or_o heng_n which_o run_v with_o great_a boisterousness_n from_o a_o water-shoot_a that_o fall_v into_o it_o the_o river_n yao_n in_o its_o passage_n by_o the_o city_n liniao_n make_v so_o great_a a_o noise_n as_o if_o it_o thunder_v from_o the_o mountain_n of_o taye_n be_v cataract_n that_o fall_v with_o great_a force_n at_o least_o four_o hundred_o rods._n near_o to_o the_o city_n tau_n be_v so_o plentiful_a a_o water-fall_a that_o it_o have_v cause_v a_o mere_a or_o lake_n near_o to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o choxang_n be_v a_o river_n call_v xangyung_a wherein_o be_v so_o great_a a_o fall_n of_o the_o water_n that_o when_o at_o any_o time_n a_o stone_n be_v but_o fling_v into_o it_o it_o cause_v rain_n and_o thunder_n which_o may_v well_o be_v esteem_v a_o prodigy_n near_o to_o the_o city_n hoeicheu_o lie_v the_o river_n singan_n which_o have_v at_o least_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o water-shoots_a fall_v into_o it_o between_o vale_n and_o rock_n in_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n near_o the_o city_n tingcheu_o be_v a_o river_n which_o run_v to_o jenp_v which_o have_v many_o of_o these_o water-falls_a and_o dangerous_a sand_n and_o rock_n insomuch_o that_o when_o any_o vessel_n sail_v down_o with_o the_o stream_n the_o skipper_n to_o avoid_v shipwreck_n fling_v out_o great_a bundle_n of_o straw_n beforehand_o which_o stop_v against_o the_o rock_n preserve_v the_o vessel_n that_o strike_v against_o they_o from_o beat_v themselves_o in_o piece_n near_o to_o the_o city_n kiegan_n lie_v the_o river_n can_v where_o the_o dangerous_a rock_n call_v xetapan_n take_v their_o rise_n it_o be_v very_o hazardous_a to_o sail_v down_o the_o river_n from_o this_o city_n by_o reason_n of_o blind_a cliff_n and_o sand_n which_o have_v destroy_v many_o vessel_n for_o the_o sand_n be_v not_o easy_o discoverable_a the_o river_n run_v with_o great_a swiftness_n over_o they_o and_o therefore_o whatever_o skipper_n sail_v that_o way_n take_v with_o they_o always_o a_o expert_a pilot_n from_o this_o city_n near_o to_o the_o city_n ce_fw-fr lie_v the_o river_n tan_n which_o signify_v red_a because_o the_o water_n thereof_o look_v like_o blood_n they_o report_v that_o this_o water_n be_v former_o very_o clear_a and_o white_a but_o that_o it_o receive_v this_o colour_n by_o mean_n of_o one_o pei_n a_o very_a faithful_a governor_n of_o his_o country_n who_o for_o some_o reason_n unknown_a kill_v himself_o upon_o the_o side_n of_o this_o river_n and_o ever_o since_o the_o water_n have_v retain_v a_o bloody_a tincture_n there_o run_v a_o river_n before_o the_o small_a city_n cuckoe_n in_o the_o province_n of_o suchue_n call_v the_o river_n of_o pearl_n for_o that_o in_o the_o night_n it_o glitter_v and_o sparkle_v as_o if_o it_o be_v full_a of_o precious_a stone_n also_o before_o the_o city_n of_o jungcheu_fw-la run_v the_o river_n siang_n who_o water_n be_v of_o a_o crystal_n clearness_n so_o that_o though_o it_o be_v several_a fathom_n deep_a yet_o one_o may_v see_v plain_o any_o thing_n that_o lie_v at_o the_o bottom_n near_o to_o foam_v run_v a_o small_a river_n from_o the_o mountain_n talao_n the_o water_n whereof_o turn_v blue_a in_o harvest_n at_o which_o time_n the_o inhabitant_n wash_v their_o clothes_n in_o the_o same_o to_o give_v they_o that_o colour_n which_o it_o do_v with_o as_o good_a effect_n as_o any_o artificial_a dyer_n can_v do_v the_o river_n kiemo_n near_o to_o paogan_n be_v say_v to_o have_v such_o a_o occult_a quality_n that_o it_o will_v bear_v no_o vessel_n of_o wood_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o come_v upon_o it_o it_o sink_v as_o sudden_o as_o if_o it_o vanish_v in_o the_o air._n the_o like_a be_v the_o river_n io_n near_o to_o kancheu_o which_o be_v therefore_o call_v the_o weak_a river_n because_o it_o will_v bear_v nothing_o that_o be_v heavy_a near_o to_o chingtien_n upon_o the_o mountain_n cucai_n be_v a_o small_a river_n who_o water_n be_v very_o sweet_a and_o well_o scent_v near_o to_o choxan_n be_v the_o river_n cungyang_n who_o water_n take_v spot_n and_o stain_n out_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o clothes_n and_o be_v so_o natural_o cool_v to_o the_o air_n that_o it_o temper_v the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o therefore_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n have_v build_v a_o palace_n over_o this_o river_n to_o which_o they_o frequent_o resort_v to_o avoid_v the_o extraordinary_a heat_n the_o river_n kinxa_n or_o the_o river_n of_o gold_n be_v so_o name_v because_o the_o inhabitant_n find_v great_a quantity_n thereof_o in_o the_o same_o near_o to_o the_o city_n pezan_n run_v the_o river_n vhe_fw-it but_o more_o peculiar_o call_v hoanglung_v that_o be_v the_o yellow_a dragon_n for_o the_o inhabitant_n fancy_n that_o they_o see_v a_o yellow_a dragon_n therein_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o race_n of_o hana_n the_o river_n siangyn_n which_o run_v before_o mielo_n be_v famous_a because_o it_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o feast_n tuonu_n which_o be_v observe_v and_o keep_v through_o all_o china_n upon_o the_o five_o day_n of_o the_o five_o month_n in_o memory_n of_o a_o certain_a faithful_a governor_n who_o drown_v himself_o in_o this_o river_n to_o prevent_v some_o traitor_n that_o be_v plot_v to_o take_v away_o his_o life_n he_o be_v a_o man_n well_o belove_v by_o the_o people_n over_o who_o he_o rule_v they_o to_o this_o day_n as_o a_o honour_n to_o his_o posterity_n and_o to_o continue_v his_o fame_n make_v great_a entertainment_n in_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n near_o to_o the_o city_n of_o vucheu_fw-la run_v the_o river_n lieufan_n from_o whence_o the_o chineses_n fetch_v the_o water_n which_o they_o use_v in_o hour-glass_n in_o stead_n of_o sand_n because_o this_o water_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o least_o subject_a to_o alteration_n either_o of_o time_n or_o weather_n near_o to_o kiegan_n be_v a_o river_n call_v scent_v which_o signify_v a_o pipe_n or_o flute_n because_o the_o water_n run_v very_o swift_a through_o cliff_n and_o stony_a place_n make_v a_o very_a musical_a and_o delightful_a noise_n near_o to_o xincheu_fw-la be_v the_o river_n xo_o which_o do_v infallible_o cure_v several_a sort_n of_o disease_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n near_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o hangcheu_fw-la run_v a_o river_n which_o in_o regard_n of_o its_o course_n be_v call_v sometime_o i_o sometime_o cientang_n and_o in_o some_o place_n cingan_n this_o river_n cause_v upon_o the_o eighteen_o day_n of_o the_o eight_o month_n such_o a_o very_a high_a tide_n before_o this_o city_n that_o it_o extreme_o puzzle_v the_o philosopher_n themselves_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meaning_n or_o give_v the_o reason_n thereof_o for_o upon_o that_o day_n the_o water_n rise_v high_a than_o at_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o so_o very_o famous_a be_v this_o day_n that_o the_o whole_a city_n about_o four_o a_o clock_n make_v towards_o the_o river_n to_o behold_v the_o wonderful_a operation_n of_o spring_n wells_n and_o fountain_n in_o chint_v the_o four_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o peking_n lie_v a_o mere_a which_o have_v its_o rise_n from_o two_o spring_n the_o water_n of_o the_o one_o be_v very_o hot_a the_o other_o cold_a and_o yet_o they_o lie_v but_o at_o a_o small_a distance_n asunder_o upon_o the_o hill_n ganlo_n near_o to_o the_o city_n jungchang_n be_v a_o stone_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o man_n nose_n and_o from_o his_o nostril_n arise_v two_o spring_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v warm_a the_o other_o cold_a in_o tengcheu_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xantung_n be_v a_o spring_n call_v hanuen_o which_o be_v a_o miracle_n in_o nature_n for_o it_o bubble_n forth_o water_v both_o hot_a and_o cold_a at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o separate_a and_o divide_v themselves_o in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la in_o the_o city_n of_o lincheng_n be_v a_o fountain_n as_o clear_a as_o crystal_n be_v scarce_o five_o foot_n deep_a yet_o the_o top_n thereof_o be_v very_o cold_a but_o the_o bottom_n so_o hot_a that_o there_o be_v no_o endure_v to_o touch_v it_o with_o one_o foot_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n be_v a_o spring_n the_o one_o half_n whereof_o be_v
not_o set_v forth_o a_o edict_n thereby_o command_v every_o person_n to_o cut_v his_o hair_n after_o the_o tartar_n fashion_n upon_o the_o first_o hear_v of_o which_o the_o chinese_n commander_n and_o inhabitant_n who_o have_v as_o much_o love_n for_o their_o hair_n as_o their_o country_n begin_v to_o fly_v to_o their_o arm_n with_o a_o resolution_n to_o fight_v for_o their_o hair_n which_o they_o do_v with_o such_o valour_n and_o courage_n that_o they_o beat_v the_o tartar_n out_o of_o the_o city_n of_o xaok_v force_v they_o to_o fly_v over_o the_o river_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o of_o their_o man_n and_o doubtless_o if_o at_o this_o time_n they_o have_v pursue_v they_o may_v have_v regain_v those_o place_n they_o have_v lose_v but_o be_v satisfy_v in_o their_o mind_n that_o they_o have_v thus_o preserve_v their_o hair_n they_o cease_v to_o pursue_v their_o victory_n only_o make_v resistance_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o river_n where_o they_o so_o fortify_v themselves_o with_o the_o raise_n bulwark_n and_o fort_n that_o the_o tartar_n desist_v for_o a_o whole_a year_n without_o make_v any_o considerable_a attempt_n the_o people_n have_v unfortunate_o lose_v their_o faithful_a and_o too_o zealous_o love_v prince_n lovangus_n endeavour_v to_o make_v another_o head_n over_o they_o and_o to_o create_v one_o lu._n of_o the_o family_n of_o taiminga_n emperor_n but_o he_o likewise_o refuse_v the_o imperial_a title_n only_o take_v upon_o he_o that_o of_o restorer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o tartar_n find_v their_o army_n much_o weaken_v by_o the_o great_a number_n of_o man_n they_o have_v lose_v in_o several_a battle_n so_o that_o they_o be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o effect_v any_o considerable_a design_n send_v for_o fresh_a man_n from_o peking_n to_o reinforce_v their_o troop_n wherewith_o they_o endeavour_v to_o pass_v the_o river_n cienthang_fw-mi but_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o force_n and_o policy_n they_o can_v use_v be_v not_o able_a to_o accomplish_v it_o and_o thus_o the_o chineses_n begin_v by_o degree_n to_o recover_v their_o lose_a country_n which_o have_v undoubted_o have_v very_o prosperous_o succeed_v if_o a_o unfortunate_a accident_n have_v not_o happen_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n which_o prevent_v it_o the_o story_n thus_o the_o soldiery_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n that_o be_v flee_v out_o of_o chekiang_n have_v with_o they_o one_o of_o the_o race_n of_o taiminga_n who_o they_o proclaim_v emperor_n in_o the_o same_o province_n which_o border_n upon_o that_o of_o chekiang_n this_o prince_n be_v of_o a_o lofty_a and_o ambitious_a nature_n and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v himself_o within_o bound_n send_v some_o to_o persuade_v king_n lu._n to_o renounce_v his_o sovereignty_n to_o lay_v down_o his_o government_n and_o quit_v the_o title_n of_o restorer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n allege_v that_o he_o have_v but_o few_o city_n and_o be_v not_o so_o near_o ally_v to_o the_o former_a emperor_n as_o himself_o lu._n argue_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o he_o have_v the_o priority_n of_o title_n by_o the_o election_n and_o submission_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o his_o conquest_n sufficient_o show_v the_o love_n he_o bear_v and_o the_o service_n he_o have_v do_v his_o country_n the_o tartar_n be_v not_o a_o little_a overjoy_v at_o these_o division_n which_o give_v they_o a_o opportunity_n to_o work_v their_o end_n by_o reduce_v the_o whole_a empire_n under_o their_o power_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o reconcile_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o two_o new_a king_n so_o as_o they_o may_v join_v their_o force_n against_o the_o tartar_n each_o of_o they_o still_o endeavour_v what_o he_o can_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o other_o and_o in_o regard_n lu._n have_v but_o eight_o city_n under_o his_o command_n which_o be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v a_o army_n sufficient_a to_o grapple_v with_o the_o tartar_n he_o only_o stand_v upon_o the_o defensive_a part_n and_o never_o dare_v venture_v over_o the_o river_n the_o tartar_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n labour_v with_o their_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o get_v over_o the_o river_n but_o with_o ship_n they_o dare_v not_o attempt_v understand_v very_o well_o that_o lu._n have_v sufficient_a to_o oppose_v notwithstanding_o which_o fortune_n too_o much_o favour_v the_o tartar_n in_o their_o undertake_n it_o happen_v this_o year_n to_o be_v a_o very_a hot_a and_o dry_a summer_n so_o that_o the_o river_n on_o the_o southside_n be_v thereby_o grow_v shallow_a of_o which_o they_o by_o the_o information_n of_o some_o treacherous_a chineses_n have_v intelligence_n find_v out_o a_o fordable_a place_n for_o their_o horse_n whereof_o a_o few_o only_o be_v get_v over_o give_v present_o sudden_a alarm_n to_o the_o country_n that_o so_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o flee_v and_o leave_v all_o to_o save_v their_o life_n lu._n himself_o be_v so_o surprise_v at_o the_o news_n that_o he_o abandon_v the_o city_n xaok_v and_o flee_v into_o the_o island_n cheuxan_n situate_v over_o against_o ningpo_n the_o nine_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n where_o he_o live_v several_a year_n after_o this_o island_n never_o inhabit_v before_o but_o by_o a_o company_n of_o poor_a fisherman_n and_o peasant_n be_v now_o through_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o chinese_n flee_v thither_o to_o aid_v this_o lu._n as_o the_o protector_n of_o their_o hair_n grow_v to_o be_v so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o kingdom_n that_o there_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o same_o seventy_o two_o city_n the_o chinese_n and_o their_o protector_n be_v thus_o flee_v the_o tartar_n conquer_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o the_o province_n without_o meet_v with_o any_o opposition_n only_o the_o city_n of_o kinhoa_n whereof_o the_o tutang_n be_v governor_n do_v withstand_v for_o some_o month_n their_o victorious_a arm_n for_o the_o governor_n be_v resolve_v to_o quit_v himself_o with_o courage_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o country_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o his_o valour_n and_o resolution_n at_o last_o the_o tartar_n have_v plant_v some_o great_a gun_n before_o the_o city_n they_o make_v a_o large_a breach_n in_o the_o wall_n at_o which_o they_o enter_v and_o put_v all_o to_o fire_n and_o sword_n insomuch_o that_o they_o leave_v not_o one_o house_n stand_v the_o governor_n himself_o to_o prevent_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o enemy_n cause_v himself_o and_o his_o family_n to_o be_v blow_v up_o with_o power_n in_o his_o palace_n one_o of_o the_o same_o three_o army_n be_v already_o upon_o its_o march_n in_o order_n to_o the_o subdue_a the_o province_n of_o fokien_n but_o be_v in_o no_o small_a trouble_n where_o to_o begin_v the_o same_o to_o their_o own_o least_o prejudice_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o hindrance_n give_v to_o they_o by_o the_o steep_a hill_n and_o mountain_n which_o lie_v at_o the_o entrance_n into_o this_o province_n for_o between_o fokien_n and_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n kiangsi_n and_o chekiang_n lie_v a_o row_n of_o inaccessible_a rock_n and_o mountain_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o the_o other_o three_o and_o to_o get_v over_o the_o same_o be_v not_o only_o a_o troublesome_a but_o tedious_a journey_n of_o three_o day_n so_o that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v a_o very_a easy_a matter_n to_o the_o chineses_n to_o have_v hinder_v at_o least_o if_o not_o stop_v the_o tartar_n in_o their_o march_n through_o these_o mountain_n if_o they_o have_v guard_v the_o same_o but_o with_o a_o few_o peasant_n but_o they_o be_v so_o fright_v and_o amaze_v at_o the_o come_n of_o the_o tartar_n that_o they_o flee_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n upon_o their_o first_o approach_n so_o that_o at_o last_o though_o with_o infinite_a trouble_n they_o get_v over_o they_o into_o fokien_n which_o they_o subdue_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o for_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v little_a or_o no_o opposition_n the_o tartar_n be_v favourable_a unto_o they_o this_o do_v and_o have_v reinforce_v their_o army_n they_o march_v to_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n through_o those_o of_o huquang_n and_o kiangsi_n whither_o be_v come_v and_o attaque_a the_o chief_a city_n thereof_o they_o soon_o lay_v it_o whole_o waste_v because_o it_o have_v make_v some_o opposition_n against_o they_o move_v by_o the_o terror_n of_o who_o example_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n not_o dare_v to_o stand_v out_o submit_v at_o first_o summons_n these_o province_n thus_o bring_v under_o a_o army_n be_v send_v for_o peking_n with_o order_n to_o settle_v in_o each_o city_n a_o strong_a garrison_n and_o magistrate_n over_o both_o civil_a and_o military_a affair_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o tartar_n emperor_n but_o there_o be_v some_o that_o give_v another_o reason_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o tartar_n happen_v to_o master_n the_o province_n of_o fokien_n with_o so_o little_a
man_n die_v in_o misery_n his_o design_n be_v real_o to_o have_v depopulate_v the_o whole_a country_n of_o china_n that_o so_o be_v alone_o there_o may_v be_v none_o leave_v to_o oppose_v he_o or_o be_v his_o competitor_n and_o although_o the_o barbarousness_n of_o his_o nature_n appear_v every_o where_o and_o upon_o all_o occasion_n yet_o do_v he_o give_v a_o proof_n of_o his_o cruelty_n in_o no_o place_n more_o than_o in_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n where_o he_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o royal_a title_n and_o put_v most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o death_n he_o will_v frequent_o cause_v a_o whole_a family_n to_o be_v utter_o destroy_v if_o any_o one_o of_o they_o have_v not_o obey_v his_o order_n according_a to_o his_o will_n and_o mind_n he_o abound_v so_o very_a much_o in_o feral_a barbarism_n that_o oftentimes_o if_o by_o chance_n any_o one_o have_v offend_v he_o he_o will_v cause_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n reside_v within_o the_o same_o street_n to_o undergo_v the_o fury_n of_o his_o inhuman_a and_o bestial_a rage_n he_o be_v civil_a and_o kind_a to_o none_o but_o his_o soldier_n with_o who_o he_o will_v converse_v and_o drink_v as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v but_o their_o companion_n and_o many_o time_n will_v bestow_v great_a present_n upon_o they_o if_o they_o have_v perform_v any_o thing_n well_o and_o according_a to_o his_o mind_n yet_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n for_o the_o least_o offence_n or_o neglect_v he_o make_v nothing_o to_o put_v multitude_n of_o they_o to_o death_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o this_o bloody_a caitiff_n butchery_n extend_v to_o very_a magistrate_n but_o in_o special_a manner_n to_o those_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o chingtu_n of_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n so_o that_o of_o six_o hundred_o in_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n be_v hardly_o twenty_o left_a that_o escape_v with_o their_o life_n and_o it_o be_v a_o recreation_n to_o see_v and_o cause_v people_n to_o be_v flay_v alive_a when_o this_o bloodthirsty_a tyrant_n endeavour_v to_o take_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la which_o in_o regard_n of_o its_o strength_n be_v call_v the_o key_n of_o suchuen_n and_o xensi_fw-la he_o come_v in_o the_o year_n 1645._o before_o it_o with_o a_o very_a great_a army_n of_o at_o least_o a_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o thousand_o native_n of_o the_o province_n only_o beside_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o other_o out_o of_o several_a other_o province_n when_o the_o siege_n have_v continue_v a_o long_a time_n for_o the_o inhabitant_n defend_v themselves_o with_o wonderful_a courage_n there_o run_v over_o to_o the_o besiege_a at_o least_o forty_o thousand_o man_n out_o of_o his_o camp_n which_o trouble_v and_o provoke_v the_o tyrant_n so_o much_o that_o he_o cause_v the_o remainder_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o thousand_o man_n of_o suchuen_n to_o be_v cruel_o massacre_v and_o murder_v by_o their_o other_o fellow_n soldier_n before_o his_o face_n when_o he_o hear_v that_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o year_n 1646._o be_v fall_v with_o their_o force_n into_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la he_o find_v himself_o necessitate_v to_o prevent_v such_o a_o unquiet_a and_o troublesome_a neighbourhood_n to_o march_v against_o they_o but_o lest_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o suchuen_n to_o many_o of_o who_o he_o have_v be_v so_o cruel_a shall_v conspire_v against_o he_o in_o his_o absence_n he_o cause_v they_o all_o to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n except_o such_o as_o live_v towards_o the_o north-east_n then_o he_o march_v first_o to_o chingtu_n the_o principal_a chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o suchen_n and_o cause_v all_o its_o inhabitant_n both_o rich_a and_o poor_a be_v above_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o in_o number_n to_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o soldier_n and_o afterward_o miserable_o slay_v by_o the_o effusion_n of_o who_o blood_n the_o chineses_n write_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o great_a river_n kiang_n which_o run_v before_o the_o city_n be_v extraordinary_o swell_v and_o raise_v the_o dead_a body_n that_o they_o may_v not_o taint_v or_o infect_v the_o air_n be_v fling_v into_o the_o river_n which_o be_v carry_v down_o with_o the_o stream_n soon_o bring_v this_o mournful_a news_n to_o the_o neighbour_a city_n and_o place_n view_v what_o they_o be_v like_a to_o expect_v if_o they_o resist_v not_o the_o fierceness_n of_o that_o merciless_a beast_n which_o though_o they_o do_v with_o all_o their_o may_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o long_o before_o the_o same_o cruel_a usage_n reach_v many_o of_o they_o and_o after_o this_o manner_n be_v this_o province_n which_o former_o abound_v with_o people_n lay_v waste_n and_o make_v desolate_a both_o of_o people_n and_o habitation_n these_o villainy_n perpetrate_v and_o be_v now_o to_o march_v against_o the_o tartar_n he_o encourage_v his_o soldier_n to_o behave_v themselves_o valiant_o for_o that_o he_o have_v silver_n enough_o to_o reward_v such_o as_o do_v well_o but_o in_o regard_n the_o woman_n as_o he_o suppose_v will_v be_v a_o trouble_n to_o they_o not_o only_o upon_o their_o march_n but_o in_o the_o battle_n he_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n therein_o show_v they_o the_o way_n for_o of_o three_o hundred_o beautiful_a woman_n which_o he_o use_v for_o his_o own_o lustful_a pleasure_n he_o reserve_v only_o twenty_o to_o wait_v upon_o his_o three_o queen_n all_o the_o other_o be_v massacre_v in_o view_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n whereupon_o the_o soldier_n follow_v his_o barbarous_a and_o bloody_a example_n do_v the_o like_a either_o by_o shot_n or_o sword_n kill_v their_o wife_n in_o a_o most_o wretched_a manner_n have_v destroy_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o province_n and_o no_o more_o leave_v to_o exercise_v his_o cruelty_n upon_o he_o fall_v upon_o the_o city_n and_o house_n lay_v they_o waste_v and_o not_o leave_v any_o one_o place_n stand_v wheresoever_o his_o ruine_v foot_n tread_v nay_o more_o to_o show_v his_o hatred_n to_o posterity_n he_o cause_v all_o the_o tree_n to_o be_v fell_v and_o cut_v down_o that_o so_o no_o body_n for_o the_o future_a shall_v have_v any_o benefit_n by_o they_o after_o he_o such_o as_o be_v sick_a and_o not_o able_a to_o follow_v the_o camp_n he_o cause_v likewise_o to_o be_v hang_v up_o to_o prevent_v they_o as_o he_o scoff_o say_v from_o live_v or_o die_v in_o pain_n and_o misery_n after_o all_o this_o barbarous_a havoc_n and_o desolation_n make_v this_o enemy_n of_o mankind_n pass_v with_o his_o army_n into_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la whither_o the_o general_n of_o the_o tartar_n follow_v he_o at_o the_o heel_n with_o a_o army_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o man_n unâ—â—l_v the_o residue_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n can_v get_v up_o to_o he_o when_o the_o news_n be_v bring_v he_o that_o the_o tartar_n be_v in_o sight_n of_o he_o with_o a_o great_a army_n he_o laugh_v at_o those_o that_o report_v such_o a_o fable_n as_o he_o think_v it_o not_o believe_v it_o possible_a that_o such_o a_o thing_n can_v be_v till_o go_v out_o of_o his_o tent_n himself_o to_o make_v the_o discovery_n the_o first_o object_n that_o he_o meet_v with_o be_v the_o sight_n of_o five_o tartar_n who_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o people_n be_v send_v out_o before_o to_o discover_v and_o demand_v whether_o he_o will_v have_v peace_n or_o war_n but_o in_o stead_n thereof_o they_o present_o fall_v upon_o he_o and_o the_o first_o arrow_n that_o be_v shoot_v pierce_v he_o quite_o through_o the_o heart_n wherewith_o fall_v down_o dead_a upon_o the_o place_n it_o strike_v so_o great_a a_o fear_n into_o all_o his_o follower_n that_o they_o be_v soon_o overthrow_v the_o news_n of_o this_o victory_n be_v quick_o spread_v abroad_o upon_o the_o report_n of_o which_o such_o tartar_n as_o be_v leave_v alive_a and_o have_v escape_v the_o bloody_a hand_n of_o the_o traitor_n in_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n come_v out_o of_o their_o holes_n and_o cry_v up_o the_o victor_n as_o their_o deliverer_n and_o thus_o at_o length_n the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n fall_v under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o put_v garrison_n into_o the_o chief_a place_n march_v back_o with_o their_o army_n to_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n where_o upon_o their_o arrival_n the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n though_o he_o return_v victorious_a yet_o so_o slippery_a be_v the_o station_n of_o great_a man_n be_v very_o unworthy_o receive_v by_o his_o brother_n who_o accuse_v he_o of_o neglect_n in_o that_o he_o have_v not_o well_o perform_v his_o charge_n the_o faithful_a general_n with_o this_o disgraceful_a affront_n be_v put_v into_o so_o violent_a a_o passion_n as_o be_v conscious_a of_o his_o own_o merit_n and_o know_v that_o he_o have_v deserve_v the_o great_a thanks_o imaginable_a for_o what_o he_o have_v do_v he_o
the_o mandorin_n he_o at_o our_o first_o address_n ready_o undertake_v the_o business_n and_o seem_v to_o promise_v himself_o a_o happy_a issue_n of_o it_o hereupon_o we_o deliver_v he_o certain_a head_n to_o frame_v a_o petition_n of_o which_o he_o accept_v but_o a_o few_o day_n be_v pass_v when_o we_o think_v he_o have_v make_v some_o progress_n in_o the_o business_n he_o come_v to_o the_o christian_a beforementioned_a and_o thus_o excuse_n himself_o sir_n if_o those_o padree_n who_o be_v stranger_n be_v ignorant_a yet_o you_o who_o be_v native_n must_v be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o manner_n of_o do_v business_n in_o this_o court_n to_o wit_n that_o who_o petition_n either_o i_o or_o any_o other_o in_o the_o same_o office_n with_o i_o do_v exhibit_v proceed_v always_o from_o these_o two_o reason_n either_o that_o we_o may_v avenge_v ourselves_o of_o our_o enemy_n or_o that_o we_o be_v hire_v to_o it_o by_o some_o great_a reward_n from_o he_o in_o who_o name_n the_o petition_n run_v now_o i_o have_v receive_v no_o injury_n from_o the_o hollander_n to_o be_v avenge_v of_o nor_o any_o gratuity_n from_o those_o padree_n that_o i_o shall_v thrust_v my_o myself_o into_o so_o much_o difficulty_n and_o danger_n for_o they_o this_o man_n therefore_o we_o leave_v and_o apply_v ourselves_o to_o another_o who_o plain_o tell_v we_o that_o if_o we_o will_v give_v he_o two_o hundred_o tays_n he_o will_v plight_v his_o faith_n to_o deliver_v our_o petition_n with_o whatever_o article_n we_o shall_v insert_v only_o he_o will_v not_o oblige_v himself_o that_o the_o emperor_n shall_v approve_v of_o they_o but_o if_o we_o will_v give_v he_o six_o hundred_o tays_n more_o he_o will_v be_v bind_v they_o shall_v be_v grant_v and_o in_o case_n they_o be_v not_o he_o will_v repay_v the_o whole_a eight_o hundred_o tays_n consider_v the_o weightiness_n of_o the_o mattir_v and_o the_o liberty_n which_o your_o lordship_n give_v we_o in_o your_o letter_n to_o undertake_v for_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n that_o we_o find_v necessary_a to_o effect_v this_o business_n with_o your_o engagement_n that_o the_o city_n of_o maccow_n shall_v make_v good_a the_o payment_n we_o promise_v he_o the_o whole_a sum_n â—nd_v upon_o the_o rehearse_v condition_n before_o the_o petition_n shall_v be_v deliver_v â—according_v to_o this_o country_n custom_n this_o master_n of_o request_n will_v see_v the_o whole_a sum_n of_o money_n ready_a and_o also_o receve_v some_o certain_a day_fw-mi beforehand_o as_o a_o pledge_n and_o earnest_n of_o the_o whole_a which_o be_v impossible_a for_o we_o to_o do_v he_o even_o excuse_v himself_o as_o the_o former_a have_v do_v and_o so_o forsake_v we_o but_o we_o insist_v and_o in_o stead_n of_o ready_a money_n which_o we_o want_v produce_v two_o rich_a vest_n that_o the_o emperor_n have_v bestow_v upon_o we_o and_o we_o have_v careful_a preserve_v by_o we_o but_o never_o wear_v because_o it_o be_v the_o emperor_n gift_n to_o we_o and_o that_o they_o be_v unsuitable_a to_o our_o poverty_n and_o religious_a habit_n these_o he_o accept_v for_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o tays_n of_o the_o sum_n agree_v on_o with_o all_o the_o symptom_n of_o a_o great_a satisfaction_n and_o real_o great_a be_v our_o content_n because_o we_o now_o seem_v to_o have_v lay_v a_o sure_a foundation_n for_o that_o work_n we_o so_o earnest_o desire_v to_o finish_v when_o lo_o this_o same_o mandorin_n we_o know_v not_o by_o what_o mean_n come_v to_o discover_v or_o at_o least_o to_o suspect_v the_o vest_n to_o have_v be_v the_o emperor_n gift_n unto_o we_o which_o be_v a_o argument_n sufficient_a for_o he_o to_o decline_v our_o business_n allege_v not_o only_o that_o he_o be_v not_o so_o barbarous_a to_o receive_v or_o wear_v they_o but_o also_o that_o it_o be_v unworthy_a in_o we_o to_o slight_v the_o vest_n which_o have_v be_v present_v we_o by_o the_o emperor_n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v go_v look_v some_o other_o person_n for_o our_o business_n which_o on_o 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that_o do_v impose_v some_o glorious_a title_n on_o the_o empire_n according_a to_o his_o own_o will_n and_o pleasure_n so_o in_o time_n past_o we_o read_v that_o it_o be_v call_v tan_n which_o be_v to_o say_v a_o empire_n without_o bound_n other_o time_n thou_o that_o denote_v rest_n or_o repose_v then_o hiu_o from_o the_o name_n of_o a_o great_a duke_n i_o find_v it_o also_o call_v sciam_fw-la as_o if_o you_o shall_v say_v a_o most_o adorn_v kingdom_n cheu_n signify_v a_o kingdom_n that_o exceed_v all_o other_o kingdom_n in_o perfection_n also_o han_n by_o which_o word_n they_o denominate_v the_o milky-path_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o almost_o each_o several_a nation_n do_v describe_v it_o by_o the_o imposition_n of_o proper_a and_o different_a term_n now_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v call_v ciumquo_n and_o by_o some_o ciunhoa_n whereof_o the_o former_a signify_v a_o garden_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o pleasantness_n and_o abundance_n of_o delightful_a thing_n and_o the_o 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suchuem_fw-la utquang_n chekiam_n and_o nankim_n that_o i_o may_v comprehend_v all_o in_o brief_a first_o i_o shall_v annex_v a_o geographical_a scheme_n or_o map_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n divide_v into_o fifteen_o province_n that_o you_o may_v more_o clear_o discover_v the_o situation_n of_o each_o and_o that_o we_o may_v not_o appear_v to_o have_v let_v slip_v any_o thing_n memorable_a in_o reference_n to_o the_o city_n mountain_n river_n lake_n and_o other_o occurrence_n worthy_a of_o observation_n i_o have_v here_o prefix_v this_o geographical_a table_n which_o contain_v a_o description_n of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n from_o which_o as_o from_o a_o alone_a compendium_n you_o may_v find_v whatsoever_o present_v itself_o worthy_a of_o consideration_n chap._n ii_o in_o the_o year_n 1625._o when_o in_o siganfu_n monument_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o xensi_fw-la in_o a_o certain_a village_n a_o trench_n be_v dig_v for_o the_o fit_a foundation_n of_o a_o edifice_n or_o building_n it_o so_o happen_v that_o in_o the_o cast_n up_o of_o the_o earth_n the_o laborer_n find_v a_o stone_n table_n worthy_a of_o note_n for_o its_o chinesian_a write_n which_o when_o they_o have_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n they_o measure_v its_o quantity_n and_o find_v it_o in_o length_n nine_o handful_n and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n five_o and_o in_o thickness_n about_o one_o whereupon_o be_v curious_o engrave_v a_o cross._n those_o who_o studious_o view_v it_o report_n that_o the_o cross_n be_v bend_v inward_o like_a to_o the_o lily_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v at_o meliapore_n in_o india_n on_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n and_o not_o much_o unlike_a that_o which_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n john_n of_o jerusalem_n bear_v partly_o hang_v on_o their_o neck_n and_o partly_o sew_v to_o their_o garment_n and_o cloak_n under_o this_o cross_n follow_v the_o title_n of_o the_o inscription_n express_v throughout_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o stone_n in_o the_o chinesian_a language_n and_o character_n as_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o figure_n adjoin_v and_o as_o the_o chineses_n be_v carry_v as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o certain_a natural_a propensity_n unto_o thing_n curious_a so_o also_o the_o first_o report_n of_o the_o find_n of_o this_o stone_n attract_v a_o great_a multitude_n of_o their_o learned_a man_n who_o resort_v thither_o from_o all_o part_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o place_n be_v move_v with_o the_o strangeness_n of_o this_o monument_n have_v serious_o contemplate_v the_o venerable_a antiquity_n of_o it_o that_o he_o may_v allure_v and_o draw_v the_o people_n from_o all_o part_n by_o the_o fame_n thereof_o for_o the_o benefit_n and_o reputation_n of_o the_o city_n place_v it_o on_o a_o table_n or_o pedestal_n curious_o wrought_v within_o the_o court_n of_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o bonzii_n and_o erect_v a_o roof_n over_o it_o partly_o that_o it_o may_v receive_v no_o damage_n by_o the_o injury_n of_o time_n and_o also_o that_o as_o many_o as_o be_v spectator_n of_o this_o unusual_a monument_n may_v read_v examine_v and_o describe_v it_o at_o their_o own_o leisure_n and_o because_o that_o on_o the_o margin_n there_o be_v discover_v character_n unknown_a to_o the_o chinese_n intermix_v with_o those_o of_o their_o own_o they_o be_v much_o concern_v to_o know_v what_o they_o relate_v unto_o and_o at_o last_o be_v satisfy_v by_o the_o diligence_n of_o our_o society_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o follow_a discouse_n leo_fw-la the_o mandorin_n be_v now_o instruct_v in_o the_o christian_a faith_n public_a first_o of_o all_o other_o divulge_v it_o exact_o describe_v unto_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o he_o hope_v may_v accrue_v from_o thence_o which_o come_v to_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n when_o they_o have_v read_v it_o they_o can_v not_o sufficient_o admire_v the_o providence_n of_o the_o divine_a majesty_n that_o shall_v condescend_v so_o far_o to_o disclose_v a_o monument_n of_o so_o great_a concern_v for_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o heathen_a in_o this_o novel_a vintage_n of_o christ_n wherefore_o not_o to_o conceal_v their_o joy_n they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o siganfu_n the_o great_a metropolitan_a city_n of_o xensi_fw-la that_o they_o may_v be_v ocular_a spectator_n of_o it_o of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v father_n alvares_n samedus_n a_o portugese_n who_o word_n i_o shall_v the_o rather_o allege_v by_o how_o much_o he_o be_v the_o more_o engage_v unto_o i_o by_o the_o strict_a tie_n of_o friendship_n whilst_o he_o remain_v at_o rome_n procurator_n or_o provincial_n where_o he_o relate_v to_o i_o in_o a_o familiar_a conference_n all_o the_o observation_n he_o have_v make_v concern_v this_o monument_n now_o he_o thus_o relate_v the_o whole_a circumstance_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o china_n publish_a in_o italian_a pag._n 158._o three_o year_n after_o in_o the_o year_n 1628._o there_o go_v some_o father_n to_o that_o province_n upon_o occasion_n of_o a_o mandorin_n be_v a_o christian_n who_o name_n be_v philip_n who_o be_v go_v thither_o those_o father_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o mandorin_n erect_v both_o a_o church_n and_o a_o house_n in_o the_o metropolis_n of_o siganfu_n that_o since_o our_o bless_a god_n who_o will_v that_o so_o fair_a a_o memorial_n of_o a_o hold_v take_v of_o his_o divine_a law_n in_o that_o country_n shall_v be_v discover_v he_o may_v also_o be_v serve_v and_o the_o restoration_n of_o the_o same_o faith_n institute_v in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o be_v grant_v to_o i_o to_o be_v of_o the_o first_o and_o i_o fancy_v that_o mansion_n happy_a because_o of_o see_v the_o monument_n and_o when_o i_o get_v thither_o i_o care_v not_o for_o
marble_n at_o who_o bound_n be_v a_o most_o capacious_a hall_n support_v with_o mighty_a pillar_n call_v tangle_n in_o this_o the_o magistrate_n administer_v justice_n on_o each_o side_n whereof_o public_a post_n have_v their_o lodging_n next_o to_o this_o be_v the_o inward_a hall_n call_v sutang_n which_o be_v the_o privy-chamber_n for_o retirement_n conference_n and_o salutation_n last_o the_o great_a gate_n and_o house_n the_o apartment_n of_o the_o magistrate_n wife_n and_o child_n be_v most_o rich_o adorn_v to_o which_o be_v adjoin_v grove_n garden_n and_o lake_n for_o pleasure_n and_o delight_n but_o yet_o these_o palace_n be_v build_v all_o of_o wood_n have_v this_o inconvenience_n that_o if_o a_o fire_n break_v out_o oftentimes_o whole_a city_n be_v reduce_v into_o ash_n in_o a_o very_a small_a space_n as_o it_o happen_v to_o peking_n the_o great_a city_n in_o this_o large_a empire_n except_o nank_v which_o be_v total_o consume_v with_o fire_n by_o a_o rebel_n at_o the_o 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from_o the_o other_o for_o some_o of_o the_o small_a one_o exceed_v some_o other_o of_o the_o great_a and_o prime_a city_n both_o in_o largeness_n wealth_n and_o people_n but_o according_a to_o the_o worth_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o place_n she_o bear_v the_o precedency_n and_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o chief_a city_n no_o place_n must_v presume_v to_o take_v up_o the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n but_o what_o be_v wall_v in_o for_o every_o inferior_a town_n or_o situation_n subject_n to_o the_o next_o adjacent_a capital_a city_n most_o of_o the_o city_n in_o china_n be_v build_v after_o one_o fashion_n and_o form_n common_o foursquare_a with_o broad_a and_o high_a wall_n adorn_v with_o quadruple_a tower_n place_v at_o a_o equal_a distance_n round_o about_o which_o run_v a_o deep_a moat_n and_o that_o also_o be_v surround_v with_o a_o mud_n or_o earthen_a wall_n each_o city_n have_v a_o double_a gate_n and_o two_o double_a door_n whereof_o the_o first_o stand_v direct_o over_o against_o the_o second_o that_o there_o be_v no_o see_v through_o the_o last_o though_o you_o stand_v in_o the_o first_o betwixt_o these_o two_o gate_n open_v most_o common_o a_o large_a court_n where_o they_o discipline_n their_o militia_n upon_o the_o gate_n be_v likewise_o build_v great_a watch-tower_n where_o the_o soldier_n keep_v night-sentinel_n most_o of_o the_o city_n have_v great_a suburb_n belong_v to_o they_o which_o be_v as_o full_a of_o people_n as_o within_o the_o wall_n without_o the_o battlement_n each_o metropolis_n have_v a_o delightful_a plain_n curious_o adorn_v with_o tower_n tree_n and_o other_o embellishment_n most_o pleasant_a to_o the_o eye_n the_o country_n every_o where_o swarm_n with_o people_n so_o that_o wheresoever_o you_o travel_v you_o shall_v meet_v continual_o with_o crowd_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n as_o now_o these_o 15_o kingdom_n seem_v not_o only_o to_o exceed_v all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n for_o the_o number_n of_o most_o rare_a edifice_n and_o rich_a city_n so_o they_o be_v likewise_o no_o less_o abound_v in_o people_n for_o the_o most_o populous_a country_n of_o all_o europe_n stand_v not_o in_o competition_n with_o this_o those_o that_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o look_v into_o the_o chinese_n pole_n or_o register-book_n wherein_o be_v exact_o set_v down_o the_o number_n of_o the_o people_n of_o each_o province_n except_o those_o of_o the_o royal_a family_n will_v find_v that_o it_o amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o 58_o million_o 9_o hundred_o and_o 40_o thousand_o 2_o hundred_o and_o 84_o person_n neither_o need_v you_o wonder_v which_o way_n this_o can_v be_v make_v out_o for_o every_o master_n of_o a_o family_n be_v oblige_v upon_o a_o great_a penalty_n to_o hang_v out_o a_o little_a board_n over_o his_o door_n upon_o which_o he_o must_v set_v down_o the_o number_n of_o his_o household_n and_o their_o condition_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o prevent_v all_o 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so_o that_o we_o need_v not_o wonder_n that_o over_o and_o above_o the_o common_a expense_n which_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o petty_a king_n vice-roys_n and_o military_a officer_n there_o be_v more_o than_o threescore_o million_o of_o crown_n bring_v yearly_a into_o the_o emperor_n coffer_n the_o whole_a sum_n amount_v to_o 150_o million_o of_o crown_n whereof_o he_o can_v dispose_v as_o he_o please_v but_o the_o money_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o treasury_n and_o if_o the_o king_n at_o any_o time_n desire_v a_o supply_n in_o write_v to_o the_o treasurer_n he_o be_v not_o to_o deny_v the_o payment_n of_o it_o the_o province_n bring_v in_o yearly_a in_o tax_n 32_o million_o 2_o hundred_o 7_o thousand_o 4_o hundred_o and_o 47_o bag_n of_o rice_n and_o one_o bag_n be_v enough_o to_o serve_v 100_o man_n for_o one_o day_n 40_o hundred_o 9_o thousand_o
sigan_n fungciang_n hangchung_a pingleang_v cunchang_n linijao_n kingyang_n and_o jengan_n 1._o sigan_n command_v over_o 36_o city_n sigam_n hienyang_n hingp_v linchang_n kingijang_v caolong_v hu_o lantien_n livo_o xang_n chingan_n tung_n chaoye_n hoyang_n cheng_n pexuy_n hanching_n hoa_o hoyan_n gueinan_n puch_v conan_n hoxanijang_v xangnan_n yao_n sanyven_v tungquoa_o fupe_v kien_n fungcve_v vucung_n jungxeu_o fuen_n xunhoa_o xanxuy_n changvu_o 2._o fungciang_n command_v over_o eight_o city_n fungciang_n kixan_n paoki_n fufung_a muy_fw-es linieu_fw-fr lung_n and_o pingijang_v 3._o hanchung_a command_n over_o 15_o town_n hanchung_a paoch_a chingu_n yang_n sihiang_n fungmien_n niengkiang_n lioyang_n hinggan_n pingli_fw-la xecve_v sinijang_fw-mi haniju_fw-fr peho_o and_o cuijang_v 4._o pingleang_fw-mi command_v over_o ten_o city_n pingleang_v cungsin_n hoat_a chinyven_v kuyven_v knig_n lingtai_n choangleang_fw-mi limgte_n and_o congn_v 5._o cung_n change_n command_v over_o seventeen_o city_n chungchang_n gant_v hoein_v tunguei_n change_v ningyven_v fokiang_n siho_n ching_n cin_n cingan_n cingxui_n li_n kiai_n venus_n hoei_n leangtang_n 6._o linijao_n command_v over_o five_o city_n linijao_n gueoyven_v lan_n kin_n ho._n 7._o kingyang_n command_v over_o five_o town_n kingyang_n hoxi_n hoan_n ning_n and_o chuine_v 8._o jengan_n command_v over_o 19_o city_n jengan_n gansai_n cancve_v gant_v paogan_n yâ—huen_n jenchuen_fw-ge jenchang_n cingkien_n fen_n cochuen_n chungpu_n ykiun_n suit_n miche_n kia_n upao_n xinmo_n and_o fuco_fw-la beside_o these_o great_a and_o small_a city_n in_o this_o province_n there_o be_v likewise_o several_a magazine_n which_o lie_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o some_o within_o the_o great_a wall_n and_o some_o without_o the_o chief_a of_o these_o fort_n be_v these_o eight_o xacheu_o xancheu_o jungchang_n leangcheu_o choanglang_n sin_v chiny_z culang_n these_z following_z 14_o be_v small_a one_o hingnia_n ningniachung_a yaocheu_o nincheu_o hocheu_o cinglu_fw-la yulin_n chinfan_n xetu_n hantung_n pinglu_n mingxa_fw-la guei_fw-la and_o sengqui_n the_o chinese_n register_n reckon_v the_o number_n of_o family_n in_o this_o province_n to_o be_v no_o less_o than_o eight_o hundred_o thirty_o one_o thousand_o fifty_o one_o and_o thirty_o nine_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o seventy_o six_o fight_a men._n the_o tax_n which_o this_o country_n pay_v be_v nineteen_o hundred_o twenty_o nine_o thousand_o and_o fifty_o seven_o bag_n of_o wheat_n three_o hundred_o sixty_o and_o five_o thousand_o weight_n of_o fine_a linen_n nine_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o eighteen_o pound_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o wrought_a silk_n seventeen_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o pound_n of_o cotton_n eight_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o pound_n of_o calico_n beside_o fifteen_o hundred_o and_o fourteen_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o forty_o nine_o truss_n of_o hay_n for_o the_o king_n stable_n the_o five_o province_n of_o honan_n the_o province_n of_o honan_n lie_v east_n and_o southeast_n with_o nank_v honan_n north_n and_o north-east_n with_o peking_n and_o some_o part_n of_o xantung_n and_o south_n south-west_n with_o hucang_n but_o westward_o it_o border_n upon_o the_o province_n of_o sucheu_o and_o with_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o xensi_fw-la in_o this_o five_o province_n we_o find_v eight_o great_a city_n a_o hundred_o small_a city_n beside_o fort_n and_o castle_n the_o eight_o great_a city_n be_v caifung_a queite_n shangte_n gueiheoi_fw-fr hoaik_v honan_n nanijang_v and_o june_v 1._o caifung_a bear_v the_o command_n over_o 30_o city_n caifung_a chinlieu_n ki_n tunghiu_o taik_v gueixi_n gueichuen_n jenlin_n fuken_n chungman_n jangvu_o juenvu_o fungkieu_o jencin_n laniang_n chin_n xangaxui_n sihoa_o hiangch_v jench_a chaggio_fw-mi in_o sinch_v mie_n sh_v jungiang_n jungee_n hoin_n suxi_fw-la isung_a 2._o queite_fw-mi govern_v over_o nine_o city_n queite_n ningling_n loye_v hiaye_v jungehing_n ciu_o juch_v hiahch_a and_o xech_v 3._o changte_n command_v over_o seven_o city_n changte_n tanchin_n linchang_n lin_n cuckoe_n vugan_n and_o xe._n 4._o gueihoei_n command_v over_o six_o city_n gueihoei_n coch_v sinchiang_n hoekia_n ki_n and_o hoei_n 5._o hoaikue_v command_v over_o six_o city_n hoaikue_v ciyven_v sievun_n vuche_fw-fr meng_n ven._n 6._o honan_n command'_v over_o 14_o city_n hovan_n jensu_fw-la cung_n mengciu_n yyang_n tenfung_a tungpe_n nanchao_n tengo_n nuihiahg_n sinije_fw-fr chechun_n thou_o vuxang_v and_o you_o 7._o kingyang_n command_v over_o five_o town_n kingyang_n hoxi_n hoan_n ning_n and_o chuine_v 8._o june_v command_v over_o 14_o city_n june_v hanchai_n sipnig_n sincai_n siup_v chinijang_v sinigang_n loxan_n kioxan_n quango_n quangxan_n cuxi_n sceva_n and_o xangch_v the_o great_a city_n in_o which_o though_o not_o prefer_v by_o the_o chinese_n to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o capital_a city_n yet_o however_o command_v over_o five_o small_a city_n as_o in_o luxan_n kia_n paofung_a and_o yyang_n the_o yearly_a revenue_n according_a to_o the_o toll-book_n of_o the_o emperor_n which_o this_o country_n bring_v in_o amoâ—nts_v to_o five_o hundred_o eighty_o nine_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o ninety_o six_o family_n and_o fifty_o one_o hundred_o six_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o fight_a men._n the_o income_n of_o the_o revenue_n amount_v yearly_a to_o twenty_o four_o hundred_o fourteen_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o seven_o bag_n of_o rice_n twenty_o three_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o and_o nine_o pound_n of_o unwrought_a linen_n nine_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o fifty_o nine_o pound_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o silk_n three_o hundred_o forty_o one_o pound_n of_o cotton_n which_o be_v very_o scarce_o in_o this_o county_n and_o last_o twenty_o two_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o eight_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o forty_o four_o truss_n of_o hay_n for_o the_o king_n stable_n the_o six_o kingdom_n of_o sucheu_fw-la this_o territory_n of_o sucheu_fw-la be_v very_o large_a and_o fruitful_a sucheu_fw-la which_o eastward_o border_v upon_o huquang_n southward_o upon_o queicheu_o north-east_n and_o by_o north_n upon_o xensi_fw-la north-west_n upon_o prester-iohn_n country_n westward_o upon_o tiâ—et_n and_o southward_o upon_o the_o province_n of_o junnan_n in_o this_o whole_a province_n be_v eight_o chief_a city_n a_o hundred_o twenty_o four_o great_a and_o little_a city_n four_o garrison_n city_n beside_o several_a other_o town_n and_o place_n the_o eight_o capital_a city_n be_v chingtu_n paon_v xungn_v siucheu_o chunk_v queicheu_o lunggan_n and_o mahu_n 1._o chingtu_fw-la command_v over_o 30_o little_a city_n chingtu_fw-la xaanglieu_n veukiang_n sinfan_n sinlu_n kintang_n ginxeu_o chingp_v pi_n cu_z nuikiang_n quou_a peug_n cuugn_v begin_v kien_n cuyang_n cungk_v sincin_n han_n xefan_n miencho_n teyang_n mien_n changn_v lokiang_n mieu_o vencheven_o guei_n and_o pao_n 2._o pagn_v command_v over_o 10_o city_n pagn_v cangki_n nanpu_n quangyven_v pa_n chaoboa_n tungkiang_n kien_n cutung_n and_o mankiang_n 3._o xunk_v have_v under_o its_o command_n 9_o city_n xunk_v such_fw-mi jungxan_n ylnug_n quanggan_n kin_n tacho_fw-it gochi_n and_o linxui_fw-la 4._o siucheu_o command_n likewise_o over_o 10_o city_n siucheu_o kingfu_n fuxun_n nanki_n hiuguen_n changn_v junlien_n cung_n cao_n and_o lukehang_v 5._o chungk_v command_v over_o 18_o city_n chungk_v kiangein_o changxeu_o taco_n juncheven_fw-mi kikiang_n nancheven_n kiukiang_n ho_o tungleang_v tingguen_n piexan_n chung_n fungtu_n tienkiang_n fen_n fulung_n and_o pinxui_fw-la 6._o queicheu_o command_v over_o 13_o city_n queicheu_o coxan_n tachang_n tame_v junyang_n vaughan_n caiazzo_n tai_n sin_v leangxan_n kieuzi_n tunchiang_n and_o taip_v 7._o lunggan_n command_v over_o three_o city_n lunggan_n kiangyeu_o and_o xecve_v and_o also_o over_o several_a fort_n 8._o mahu_n be_v alone_o without_o have_v any_o city_n under_o its_o command_n the_o great_a city_n be_v six_o tungcheven_o muicheu_o kiate_a kiung_a lincheu_o and_o yacheu_fw-la though_o these_o six_o great_a city_n may_v very_o well_o deserve_v the_o name_n and_o dignity_n of_o capital_a city_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o largeness_n and_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n yet_o they_o do_v not_o enjoy_v that_o dignity_n because_o this_o province_n be_v to_o have_v no_o more_o capital_a city_n than_o peking_n and_o nank_v the_o first_o great_a city_n tungcheven_v command_v over_o 8_o other_o city_n the_o second_o muicheu_o over_o four_o the_o three_o kiate_v over_o seven_o the_o four_o kiung_a over_o three_o the_o five_o liucheu_o over_o four_o and_o the_o six_o yacheu_o command_n likewise_o over_o four_o the_o four_o chief_a garrison_n city_n be_v tinchnen_a uniung_a usa_fw-la and_o chinhiung_a beside_o which_o there_o be_v 35_o small_a garrison_n city_n and_o fort_n this_o province_n produce_v much_o silk_n and_o other_o rich_a commodity_n it_o be_v very_o large_a and_o fruitful_a have_v the_o great_a river_n of_o kiang_n run_v quite_o through_o it_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v mountainous_a but_o want_v neither_o for_o tree_n nor_o valley_n from_o hence_o only_o come_v the_o right_a radix-china_n or_o chinaroot_n for_o that_o which_o
other_o city_n 2._o sintien_n command_v over_o four_o fort_n pingfa_n pape_v cheup_a and_o cheve_v 3._o pingyve_fw-mi command_v over_o two_o fort_n yengi_n and_o lope_v 4._o lungli_fw-la command_v over_o two_o fort_n pingfa_n and_o tape_v the_o fort_n which_o lie_v up_o and_o down_o in_o this_o province_n to_o hinder_v the_o plunder_v of_o those_o upon_o the_o mountain_n be_v picie_a gueie_v chanchoang_v chingp_v pingpa_n cannon_n usa_fw-la hinglung_n cherni_n and_o kaili_n the_o chief_a place_n in_o this_o province_n be_v jungue_v xuitung_n lokeu_o xanglang_n vatien_n hoanglien_n and_o cugin_n in_o the_o chinese_n toll-book_n of_o this_o province_n we_o find_v set_v down_o 45_o thousand_o 3_o hundred_o and_o 5_o family_n and_o 2_o hundred_o 31_o thousand_o 3_o hundred_o and_o 65_o fight_a men._n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o province_n consist_v of_o 47_o thousand_o 6_o hundred_o 58_o bag_n of_o rice_n 5_o thousand_o and_o 9_o hundred_o piece_n of_o cloth_n but_o all_o this_o not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o fort_n the_o emperor_n be_v necessitate_v to_o supply_v what_o be_v want_v out_o of_o his_o other_o revenue_n the_o fifteen_o province_n of_o junnan_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o southeast_n this_o province_n of_o junnan_n border_n upon_o quangsi_n junnan_n towards_o the_o south_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o laos_n and_o tunk_v towards_o the_o west_n it_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o utmost_a border_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mien_n and_o pey_fw-mi towards_o the_o north-west_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sifan_n northward_o upon_o the_o province_n of_o sucheu_o and_o towards_o the_o north-east_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o far_a pale_n of_o the_o province_n of_o queicheu_fw-la in_o this_o province_n be_v 12_o great_a city_n 8_o chief_a garrison_n city_n 88_o small_a city_n beside_o several_a castle_n and_o fort_n the_o 12_o chief_a city_n be_v these_o junnan_n tali_fw-la lingan_n cuihung_a chinkiang_n munghoa_n kingtung_n quangna_n quangsi_fw-la chinyven_v junning_a and_o xune_v 1._o junnan_n command_v over_o 13_o small_a city_n junnan_n funun_n yleang_v caom_v cyn_v quehoa_o chingcung_n ganning_n loco_fw-la lofung_a quenyang_n sanpao_n and_o ymuen_o 2._o tali_fw-la command_v over_o six_o city_n tali_fw-la chaos_n junnan_n tenchuen_n langkiung_a and_o pinchuen_n 3._o lingan_n command_v over_o 10_o city_n lingan_n kienxui_n xepe_v omi_n niug_n sinpin_v tunghai_n hosi_fw-la siego_n and_o mungcu_n as_o also_o over_o nine_o chief_a fort_n naleu_n kiachoa_n vanglung_n hieyung_a kichu_n sulo_n coneng_n locung_n and_o gannan_n 4._o cuhiung_a command_n over_o seven_o city_n cuhiung_a quantung_n tingyven_v tinpien_n okia_n nangan_n aâ—d_n chinnan_n 5._o under_o the_o command_n of_o chinkiang_n be_v five_o city_n chinkiang_n kiangheu_o sinhin_n yangcung_n and_o innan_n 6._o munghoa_n command_v over_o two_o city_n munghoa_n and_o tinglung_n 7._o kingtung_n have_v no_o city_n under_o its_o command_n 8._o quangnan_n command_v over_o the_o city_n fu._n 9_o quangsi_n command_v over_o four_o city_n quangsi_n sucung_n mile_n and_o vimao_n 10._o chiyven_v command_v over_o the_o fort_n loco_fw-la 11._o jungn_v command_v over_o the_o fort_n jungn_v lacu_fw-la ketien_n hianglo_n and_o valu_n 12._o xune_v have_v no_o city_n under_o it_o and_o lie_v surround_v with_o hill_n the_o eight_o garrison_n city_n be_v these_o kioce_n yaogan_n ciok_v vute_a cintien_n likiang_n juenkiang_n and_o jungchang_n kioce_n command_v over_o six_o city_n kioce_n yeco_n chenye_n loleang_v malungo_fw-la and_o lochiung_a yaogan_n command_v over_o three_o city_n yaogan_n yao_n and_o tayao_n ciok_v rule_n over_o three_o city_n ciok_v kienchuen_n and_o xun_v vute_v command_v over_o four_o city_n vute_v hokio_n yuenmeu_n and_o lokve_v cintien_n command_v only_o over_o seven_o village_n likiang_n command_v over_o five_o city_n likiang_n paoxan_n lan_n kiucin_n and_o linsi_fw-fr juenkiang_n command_v over_o the_o fort_n lopie_n jungchang_n command_v over_o seven_o fort_n jungchang_n say_v likiang_n jungp_v fungki_n xitian_n and_o lukiang_n there_o be_v two_o garrison_n city_n pex_v and_o sinhoa_o which_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o any_o other_o city_n the_o fort_n which_o be_v not_o command_v by_o any_o other_o city_n be_v fourteen_o chelo_n tengheng_n cheli_n laochua_n lungchuen_n gueiyven_v vantien_n chincang_v taheu_fw-la nieuki_n mangxi_n langchang_n mopang_v mien_n with_o the_o city_n of_o langkiu_n mopang_fw-mi command_v over_o nine_o village_n mopang_v mengyang_n mengk_v menglien_n mengli_fw-la mengt_v mengtieu_o mengco_n and_o menchang_n mien_n command_v over_o six_o other_o village_n mien_n pape_n santihiung_a sochung_a mungyang_n and_o mitien_n the_o yearly_a toll-book_n in_o this_o province_n of_o junnan_n make_v mention_n of_o 32_o thousand_o 9_o hundred_o and_o 58_o family_n and_o 14_o hundred_o 33_o thousand_o 1_o hundred_o and_o 10_o fight_a men._n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o province_n consist_v of_o 14_o hundred_o thousand_o 5_o huâ—dred_o and_o 68_o bag_n of_o rice_n and_o 56_o thousand_o 9_o hundred_o 65_o weight_n of_o salt_n beside_o several_a other_o great_a impost_n and_o tax_n which_o we_o shall_v forbear_v to_o mention_v thus_o far_o have_v treat_v though_o but_o brief_o of_o that_o which_o at_o first_o i_o propose_v for_o the_o better_a understanding_n the_o relation_n of_o our_o voyage_n i_o now_o proceed_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o what_o pass_v during_o our_o travel_n to_o and_o again_o from_o canton_n to_o peking_n you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o chief_a government_n at_o batavia_n long_o before_o any_o thing_n be_v conclude_v by_o the_o east-india_n company_n in_o holland_n concern_v a_o embassy_n to_o the_o great_a cham_n at_o peking_n do_v send_v some_o person_n with_o lade_a ship_n to_o china_n to_o desire_v free_a traffic_n in_o those_o part_n therefore_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o relate_v in_o short_a what_o success_n they_o meet_v withal_o in_o their_o voyage_n from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o netherlander_n have_v commerce_n with_o their_o ship_n into_o several_a part_n of_o india_n they_o continual_o seek_v unto_o the_o people_n of_o china_n to_o trade_n with_o they_o upon_o the_o island_n of_o japan_n in_o such_o ware_n and_o commodity_n as_o the_o country_n of_o china_n produce_v but_o in_o this_o their_o fair_a undertake_n and_o reasonable_a request_n they_o have_v still_o meet_v with_o opposition_n and_o no_o access_n will_v be_v give_v they_o into_o that_o kingdom_n some_o impute_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o aversion_n in_o those_o people_n to_o the_o hollander_n to_o a_o old_a prophecy_n which_o make_v no_o small_a impression_n on_o their_o fancy_n that_o a_o strange_a nation_n fair_a of_o complexion_n and_o clothe_v all_o over_o shall_v come_v thither_o from_o a_o far_o remote_a country_n to_o conquer_v the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n and_o possess_v it_o as_o their_o own_o but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o jesuit_n martin_n martinsen_n who_o have_v conceal_v himself_o ten_o year_n together_o in_o china_n for_o the_o propagation_n of_o the_o roman-catholick_n faith_n come_v from_o macassar_n to_o batavia_n in_o a_o portuguese_n vessel_n and_o there_o relate_v how_o that_o the_o great_a cham_n of_o tartary_n have_v conquer_a the_o empire_n of_o china_n and_o all_o the_o kingdom_n belong_v thereunto_o with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o some_o hundred_o thousand_o of_o people_n and_o have_v proclaim_v a_o free_a trade_n in_o the_o city_n of_o canton_n to_o all_o foreign_a people_n hereupon_o it_o be_v conclude_v by_o the_o chief_a government_n of_o batavia_n after_o due_a deliberation_n first_o have_v that_o a_o trial_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o report_n by_o send_v a_o vessel_n with_o several_a good_n from_o the_o island_n of_o taiwan_n to_o some_o part_n of_o china_n so_o upon_o the_o 20._o of_o august_n mr._n frederick_n schedel_n a_o merchant_n set_v sail_n in_o the_o good_a ship_n call_v the_o brown-fish_n very_o rich_o freight_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o merchandize_n from_o taiwan_n to_o canton_n and_o after_o nine_o day_n sail_v land_a in_o the_o canton_n river_n at_o a_o place_n call_v heytamon_n hereupon_o the_o mandorin_n haitonu_n admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n come_v aboard_o their_o vessel_n to_o receive_v and_o salute_v frederick_n schedel_n in_o the_o name_n and_o in_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a canton_n magistracy_n after_o that_o he_o have_v be_v well_o treat_v theâ—e_n he_o take_v leave_v of_o mr._n schedel_n who_o out_o of_o respect_n to_o his_o person_n think_v good_a to_o accompany_v he_o on_o shore_n but_o be_v come_v near_o the_o city_n he_o land_a in_o great_a state_n without_o speak_v one_o word_n to_o schedel_n who_o be_v put_v into_o another_o vessel_n in_o a_o very_a slight_a manner_n with_o the_o present_n which_o he_o have_v bring_v with_o he_o for_o the_o vice-roys_n and_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o other_o end_n of_o the_o city_n where_o he_o be_v narrow_o search_v by_o one_o emanuel_n de_fw-fr lucifierro_n
cause_v so_o many_o safe_a harbour_n and_o road_n for_o ship_n in_o these_o part_n the_o country_n be_v in_o some_o place_n flat_a and_o even_o and_o in_o other_o hilly_a and_o mountainous_a especial_o towards_o the_o south_n as_o we_o often_o find_v to_o our_o great_a inconvenience_n upon_o our_o voyage_n this_o province_n produce_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o man_n as_o likewise_o several_a sort_n of_o rich_a ware_n and_o commodity_n as_o well_o artificial_a as_o natural_a it_o likewise_o yield_v the_o husbandman_n fruit_n twice_o ayear_n as_o rice_n corn_n and_o other_o product_n for_o in_o it_o you_o have_v no_o cold_a wether_n all_o winter_n so_o that_o the_o chineses_n have_v a_o proverb_n among_o they_o that_o there_o be_v three_o very_a strange_a thing_n in_o quantung_n viz._n the_o heaven_n without_o snow_n tree_n green_a in_o winter_n as_o in_o summer_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n spit_v blood_n for_o first_o of_o all_o it_o never_o snow_n here_o the_o tree_n be_v never_o unperwige_v and_o the_o inhabitant_n continual_o chew_v the_o leave_n of_o betel_n and_o areka_n prepare_v after_o their_o way_n make_v their_o hospital_n red_a from_o hence_o come_v likewise_o great_a quantity_n of_o gold_n pearl_n precious_a stone_n silk_n quicksilver_n copper_n steel_n iron_n salt-petre_a eagle-wood_n and_o several_a other_o odoriferous_a wood_n the_o people_n in_o these_o part_n be_v very_o ingenious_a laborious_a and_o nimble_a and_o can_v imitate_v any_o thing_n which_o they_o see_v make_v before_o they_o and_o whatsoever_o the_o portuguese_n bring_v thither_o out_o of_o europe_n weave_v of_o gold_n silver_n or_o the_o like_a which_o be_v strange_a unto_o they_o they_o will_v immediate_o endeavour_v to_o work_v the_o same_o and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n will_v accomplish_v what_o they_o undertake_v for_o i_o give_v a_o chinese_n goldsmith_n a_o silver_n button_n to_o make_v a_o set_a by_o and_o the_o next_o day_n he_o bring_v to_o my_o lodging_n what_o i_o have_v bespeak_v very_o curious_o wrought_v as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v use_v to_o such_o work_n though_o he_o have_v never_o do_v the_o like_a before_o which_o argue_v their_o ingenuity_n to_o be_v very_o great_a among_o other_o fowl_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o this_o country_n be_v great_a store_n of_o duck_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v the_o art_n and_o way_n to_o raise_v and_o increase_v beyond_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o neighbour_n this_o province_n be_v govern_v as_o also_o each_o of_o the_o other_o province_n in_o the_o emperor_n name_n by_o governor_n who_o by_o those_o of_o europe_n because_o their_o office_n and_o employment_n much_o resemble_v vice-roys_n be_v call_v petty_a king_n who_o common_o reside_v in_o the_o first_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n when_o we_o be_v at_o canton_n quantung_n be_v govern_v by_o two_o vice-roys_n whereof_o one_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o year_n be_v call_v the_o old_a and_o the_o other_o the_o young_a viceroy_n the_o portuguese_n call_v the_o young_a viceroy_n halick_n mancebo_fw-la the_o vice-roys_n of_o quantung_n take_v place_n of_o all_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o other_o province_n because_o situate_v upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o far_o remote_a from_o the_o imperial_a city_n peking_n and_o border_n also_o upon_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o highway_n be_v trouble_v with_o robber_n and_o the_o sea_n with_o pirate_n therefore_o the_o emperor_n order_n that_o the_o vice-roys_n of_o quantung_n shall_v command_v over_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n though_o this_o last_o as_o the_o other_o province_n have_v also_o particular_a vice-roys_n this_o country_n be_v former_o a_o kingdom_n of_o itself_o and_o call_v nainve_v and_o first_o bring_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o race_n of_o cheva_n yet_o however_o it_o do_v not_o continue_v long_o under_o that_o power_n but_o revolt_v and_o will_v be_v rule_v by_o none_o but_o the_o king_n of_o nainve_v the_o emperor_n hiaorus_fw-la of_o the_o family_n of_o hana_n at_o last_o conquer_v this_o part_n since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n in_o this_o province_n be_v ten_o chief_a city_n and_o seventy_o three_o small_a city_n city_n without_o reckon_v among_o they_o the_o city_n of_o maccao_n famous_a for_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n the_o ten_o chief_a city_n be_v these_o quancheu_fw-la or_o canton_n xaocheu_o nanhiung_a hoeicheu_o chaocheu_o chaok_v kaocheu_o liencheu_o lincheu_o and_o kiuncheu_fw-la the_o chief_a city_n of_o quancheu_fw-la command_v over_o fifteen_o small_a city_n among_o which_o i_o do_v not_o reckon_v maccao_n though_o it_o lie_v under_o the_o command_n of_o this_o chief_a city_n the_o 15_o small_a one_o of_o this_o great_a city_n be_v these_o quancheu_fw-la or_o canton_n xunte_n tangvon_n cengch_v hiangxan_n sinhoei_n cingyven_v sin_v cunghoa_o lungumen_n sanxui_fw-la lien_n jangxan_n tienxan_n and_o singan_n the_o second_o capital_a city_n xaocheu_o command_v over_o six_o small_a city_n xaocheu_o locang_v giughoa_o juyven_v ungyen_n and_o ingote_n the_o country_n about_o this_o chief_a city_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n full_a of_o hill_n the_o three_o chief_a city_n be_v nanhiung_a or_o nanhung_a and_o command_v over_o two_o city_n nanhiung_a and_o xihe_v the_o four_o chief_a city_n be_v hoeicheu_o and_o command_v over_o 10_o small_a city_n hoeicheu_o polo_n haifung_a hove_v lungchuen_n changlo_n hingn_v hope_v change_a and_o junggan_n the_o five_o chief_a city_n be_v chaocheu_o and_o command_v likewise_o over_o 10_o small_a city_n chaocheu_o chaoyang_n kieyang_n chinghiang_n jaop_v tapu_n hoeilai_n cinghai_n puning_n and_o pingyven_v the_o six_o chief_a city_n be_v chaok_v and_o command_v over_o eleven_o city_n chaok_v sinhoei_n sinhing_n yangchun_n yangkiang_n caom_v genp_a teke_a quangn_v fuchuen_n and_o kalklen_n the_o seven_o chief_a city_n be_v caocheu_o and_o command_v over_o six_o small_a city_n caocheu_o tienpe_a sing_v hoa_o vuchnen_a and_o xech_v the_o eight_o chief_a city_n be_v lieucheu_o and_o command_v over_o four_o small_a city_n lieucheu_o knig_n lingxan_n and_o xelien_n the_o nine_o chief_a city_n be_v luicheu_o and_o command_v over_o three_o small_a city_n luichtu_fw-la sniki_n and_o siuven_o the_o ten_o chief_a city_n be_v kiuncheu_o situate_v in_o the_o island_n of_o hainan_n and_o command_v over_o twelve_o small_a city_n kiuncheu_o lincao_n tingan_n veuchung_a hoeitung_n lohoei_n chen_n changhoa_n van_n linxui_fw-la yes_fw-mi and_o cangen_n in_o this_o whole_a province_n be_v ten_o fort_n or_o castle_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o province_n and_o the_o sea_n the_o name_n whereof_o be_v these_o tach_n tung_n hanxan_n ginghai_n kiacu_fw-la kiexe_n ciex_v hiung_a junch_v and_o ciungling_n the_o chinese_n toll-book_n wherein_o the_o number_n of_o the_o people_n of_o each_o province_n be_v set_v down_o make_v mention_n of_o four_o hundred_o eighty_o three_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o family_n and_o nineteen_o hundred_o seventy_o eight_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o fight_a man_n in_o this_o province_n the_o tax_n which_o this_o province_n pay_v yearly_a to_o the_o emperor_n amount_v to_o ten_o hundred_o seventeen_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o two_o bag_n of_o rice_n and_o seven_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o and_o fourscore_o weight_n of_o salt_n canton_n on_o the_o water_n side_n the_o city_n be_v defend_v with_o two_o row_n of_o high_a and_o thick_a wall_n which_o be_v strengthen_v with_o bulwark_n watch-tower_n and_o other_o fort_n and_o beside_o these_o work_n there_o be_v two_o other_o strong_a water-castle_n which_o be_v build_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o river_n render_v this_o city_n invincible_a one_o of_o these_o two_o castle_n which_o i_o see_v myself_o and_o which_o do_v not_o much_o differ_v in_o any_o thing_n from_o the_o other_o i_o take_v a_o exact_a draught_n of_o which_o you_o have_v here_o present_v show_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n build_v the_o city_n be_v likewise_o defend_v and_o surround_v on_o the_o land_n side_n with_o a_o strong_a wall_n and_o five_o strong_a castle_n whereof_o some_o be_v within_o the_o wall_n and_o other_o without_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o steep_a hill_n so_o that_o this_o city_n be_v sufficient_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n defend_v against_o all_o the_o invasion_n of_o any_o enemy_n whatsoever_o and_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o seem_v invincible_a what_o concern_v the_o idol-temple_n court_n and_o palace_n of_o great_a lord_n and_o other_o rare_a edifice_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v here_o there_o be_v no_o city_n in_o all_o asia_n that_o show_v the_o like_a here_o also_o be_v several_a triumphal_a arch_n which_o have_v be_v erect_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o such_o as_o have_v do_v their_o country_n service_n they_o be_v no_o small_a
for_o which_o he_o return_v thankful_a acknowledgement_n and_o so_o part_v a_o few_o day_n before_o his_o departure_n whilst_o they_o be_v make_v preparation_n for_o the_o army_n this_o viceroy_n send_v to_o his_o wizard_n sorcerer_n and_o soothsayer_n to_o who_o response_n the_o chinese_n give_v no_o small_a credit_n who_o draw_v their_o prediction_n from_o the_o configuration_n and_o position_n of_o the_o star_n and_o from_o the_o inspection_n of_o the_o entrail_n of_o fowl_n and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o most_o part_n astrological_o foretell_v good_a or_o bad_a success_n to_o the_o intend_a expedition_n these_o juggle_a augurer_n consult_v and_o positive_o tell_v the_o viceroy_n both_o by_o bird_n and_o malignant_a aspect_n that_o the_o whole_a undertake_n will_v be_v unfortunate_a and_o extreme_o prejudicial_a both_o to_o himself_o the_o army_n and_o the_o country_n but_o this_o young_a prince_n be_v whole_o bend_v upon_o the_o design_n to_o purchase_v himself_o immortal_a honour_n by_o prowess_n and_o force_n of_o arm_n be_v resolve_v to_o proceed_v notwithstanding_o all_o those_o great_a discouragement_n from_o his_o fable_a fortune-teller_n for_o so_o they_o prove_v the_o success_n fall_v out_o quite_o contrary_a he_o bring_v under_o absolute_a subjection_n the_o whole_a province_n to_o the_o tartar_n upon_o which_o account_n their_o vaticination_n not_o only_o prove_v frivolous_a but_o quite_o contrary_a they_o flee_v abscond_v themselves_o lest_o they_o may_v suffer_v at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o viceroy_n who_o will_v have_v handle_v they_o very_o severe_o but_o however_o they_o be_v absent_a the_o storm_n fall_v on_o their_o idol_n and_o temple_n which_o he_o raze_v to_o the_o very_a ground_n and_o burn_v the_o image_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o return_v with_o the_o ambassador_n to_o our_o lodging_n where_o we_o see_v the_o whole_a fleet_n under_o sail_n have_v the_o army_n aboard_o follow_v the_o viceroy_n both_o these_o vice-roys_n be_v of_o noble_a family_n bear_v and_o educate_v in_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n we_o think_v at_o first_o that_o the_o young_a viceroy_n have_v be_v the_o son_n of_o the_o old_a viceroy_n but_o we_o understand_v afterward_o that_o they_o be_v nothing_o akin_a but_o only_o great_a friend_n and_o prince_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o power_n and_o who_o have_v both_o undergo_v one_o and_o the_o same_o misfortune_n for_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n for_o what_o reason_n i_o know_v not_o have_v behead_v both_o their_o father_n the_o son_n therefore_o to_o prevent_v the_o like_a disaster_n which_o it_o seem_v they_o dread_v flee_v to_o this_o province_n of_o quantung_n which_o at_o that_o time_n the_o great_a cham_n have_v invade_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n and_o have_v bring_v most_o of_o the_o country_n under_o his_o obedience_n this_o occasion_n afford_v these_o young_a prince_n a_o opportunity_n to_o revenge_v their_o father_n death_n upon_o the_o emperor_n to_o effect_v this_o they_o endeavour_v to_o get_v some_o dependence_n upon_o the_o tartar_n and_o ground_v their_o complaint_n to_o the_o great_a cham_n upon_o the_o misfortune_n of_o their_o renown_a family_n desire_v withal_o help_v and_o assistance_n to_o recover_v the_o same_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n the_o great_a cham_n find_v so_o many_o testimony_n and_o good_a ground_n for_o faithful_a deal_v in_o these_o prince_n that_o he_o confer_v upon_o they_o both_o great_a honour_n and_o dignity_n the_o elder_a he_o honour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o pignowan_n and_o the_o other_o with_o the_o name_n of_o synowa_n which_o among_o the_o chinese_n be_v name_n of_o the_o high_a and_o chief_a office_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o such_o chief_a officer_n command_v and_o rule_n with_o the_o same_o power_n over_o some_o province_n as_o the_o vice-roys_n here_o in_o europe_n that_o these_o warlike_a prince_n have_v since_o that_o time_n sufficient_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o their_o father_n upon_o the_o chinese_n be_v very_o apparent_a in_o regard_n that_o in_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n you_o may_v ride_v in_o some_o place_n for_o several_a mile_n together_o and_o not_o see_v a_o town_n or_o village_n stand_v only_o great_a heap_n of_o stone_n and_o the_o ruin_n of_o many_o place_n which_o have_v be_v former_o very_o famous_a for_o trade_n in_o the_o withdrawing-room_n where_o the_o ambassador_n dine_v be_v a_o window_n on_o purpose_n to_o which_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o young_a viceroy_n often_o resort_v to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o company_n she_o be_v very_o neat_o and_o rich_o dress_v after_o the_o tartar_n fashion_n middle_a size_v slender_a of_o a_o brown_a complexion_n of_o a_o please_a and_o take_v countenance_n at_o our_o entrance_n before_o we_o sit_v down_o we_o find_v stand_v a_o very_a rich_a paint_a chair_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o her_o majesty_n to_o which_o in_o honour_n of_o this_o great_a lady_n we_o humble_o pay_v our_o respect_n dinner_n be_v end_v and_o the_o compliment_n perform_v they_o take_v horse_n and_o return_v to_o their_o lodging_n we_o depart_v upon_o the_o 17._o of_o march_n with_o all_o our_o train_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o canton_n and_o be_v row_v up_o the_o river_n of_o tai_n close_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o city_n which_o show_v a_o most_o delightful_a prospect_n upon_o the_o water_n the_o small_a town_n which_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o peking_n and_o canton_n signify_v our_o kind_a reception_n by_o the_o thunder_a voice_n of_o their_o cannon_n as_o we_o pass_v by_o have_v sail_v and_o row_v several_a reaches_n of_o this_o broad_a and_o spacious_a river_n we_o at_o last_o leave_v the_o channel_n and_o strike_v into_o another_o a_o arm_n of_o this_o great_a one_o that_o disembogue_n itself_o into_o the_o same_o towards_o the_o north._n the_o chineses_n call_v this_o branch_n zin_n but_o those_o of_o europe_n the_o european_a stream_n we_o make_v so_o much_o speed_v that_o day_n that_o towards_o the_o evening_n we_o come_v to_o a_o village_n call_v sahu_n this_o place_n though_o not_o very_o large_a nor_o famous_a yet_o be_v of_o pleasant_a situation_n and_o about_o six_o mile_n from_o canton_n the_o soil_n be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o encompass_v with_o tree_n hill_n and_o vales._n there_o be_v several_a good_a edifice_n in_o this_o place_n though_o most_o of_o they_o inhabit_v by_o peasant_n and_o handicraftsman_n which_o be_v chief_o silk-weaver_n who_o live_v by_o weave_v great_a quantity_n of_o silk-stuffs_a for_o the_o merchant_n at_o canton_n we_o stay_v here_o all_o night_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n early_o set_v sail._n upon_o the_o 19_o of_o march_n we_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n before_o the_o city_n of_o xantung_n be_v the_o eleven_o small_a city_n belong_v to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o canton_n and_o lie_v distant_a from_o thence_o about_o twenty_o mile_n this_o city_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n lie_v in_o a_o very_a pleasant_a vale_n and_o be_v surround_v on_o the_o land_n side_n with_o delightful_a pasture_n and_o hill_n it_o be_v not_o very_o large_a but_o be_v former_o exceed_v populous_a and_o full_a of_o trade_n we_o get_v thus_o far_o sometime_o with_o row_v sail_v and_o tow_v against_o the_o stream_n which_o have_v so_o tire_v the_o chinese_n who_o be_v put_v to_o this_o slavish_a labour_n that_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o stay_v by_o the_o way_n till_o they_o have_v rest_v and_o refresh_v themselves_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o place_n cause_v the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n to_o be_v guard_v with_o two_o foot-company_n to_o welcome_a and_o receive_v the_o ambassador_n with_o the_o more_o state_n they_o send_v likewise_o a_o few_o present_n for_o the_o ambassador_n table_n but_o they_o understand_v it_o be_v all_o upon_o the_o emperor_n account_n and_o by_o his_o order_n who_o allow_v ten_o time_n more_o than_o what_o they_o send_v think_v good_a to_o refuse_v their_o civility_n both_o here_o and_o in_o all_o other_o place_n where_o they_o come_v which_o they_o do_v with_o great_a respect_n here_o we_o go_v ashore_o which_o be_v the_o first_o time_n since_o we_o come_v aboard_o and_o pitch_v a_o tent_n at_o a_o little_a distance_n from_o the_o city_n upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n in_o a_o open_a and_o plain_a field_n the_o tartar_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o show_v some_o pastime_n exercise_v their_o arm_n before_o the_o tent_n of_o the_o ambassador_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o they_o with_o much_o dexterity_n among_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v one_o with_o a_o bow_n and_o arrow_n who_o be_v so_o rare_a a_o marksman_n that_o he_o shoot_v thrice_o together_o through_o the_o white_a no_o broad_a than_o the_o palm_n of_o a_o hand_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o thirty_o five_o pace_n for_o which_o he_o be_v reward_v with_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o money_n the_o secretary_n of_o the_o viceroy_n for_o the_o more_o
safety_n and_o for_o the_o great_a splendour_n have_v conduct_v we_o thus_o far_o take_v leave_v and_o go_v back_o for_o canton_n but_o be_v most_o noble_o treat_v by_o the_o ambassador_n the_o night_n before_o we_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n make_v all_o thing_n ready_a and_o set_v sail_n again_o with_o fair_a wind_n and_o wether_n but_o be_v force_v to_o be_v tow_v up_o the_o river_n be_v against_o the_o stream_n and_o narrow_a into_o which_o fall_v several_a torrent_n from_o the_o adjacent_a hill_n so_o that_o we_o go_v but_o very_o slow_o and_o that_o with_o great_a labour_n and_o trouble_v which_o these_o poor_a creature_n be_v fain_o to_o undergo_v here_o we_o see_v into_o what_o a_o miserable_a condition_n the_o chineses_n be_v reduce_v by_o the_o last_o war_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o put_v they_o upon_o this_o slavish_a labour_n of_o tow_v and_o row_v their_o boat_n use_v they_o worse_o than_o beast_n at_o their_o pleasure_n without_o any_o exception_n of_o person_n either_o young_a or_o old_a often_o the_o track_v way_n on_o the_o river_n side_n be_v so_o narrow_a uneven_a and_o steep_a that_o if_o they_o shall_v slip_v they_o will_v infallible_o break_v their_o neck_n as_o many_o time_n it_o happen_v now_o and_o then_o they_o walk_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a in_o water_n and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o grow_v faint_a and_o weary_a there_o be_v one_o that_o follow_v have_v charge_n of_o the_o boat_n who_o never_o leave_v beat_v of_o they_o till_o they_o go_v on_o or_o die_v but_o these_o poor_a creature_n be_v no_o where_o so_o miserable_o harass_v out_o as_o in_o this_o dangerous_a and_o steep_a mountainous_a part_n of_o sangwanhab_n on_o which_o account_n perhaps_o none_o will_v or_o dare_v live_v there_o for_o we_o see_v there_o but_o one_o poor_a despicable_a village_n where_o some_o few_o people_n dwell_v who_o countenance_n sufficient_o declare_v what_o hardship_n they_o undergo_v the_o most_o ancient_a greek_n and_o roman_n who_o former_o subdue_v whole_a country_n never_o deal_v so_o barbarous_o by_o those_o who_o they_o conquer_v as_o these_o unmerciful_a tartar_n who_o by_o their_o cruel_a usage_n in_o this_o last_o invasion_n have_v not_o only_o lay_v waste_n abundance_n of_o noble_a city_n town_n and_o village_n which_o be_v now_o place_n for_o bird_n and_o beast_n to_o roost_v in_o but_o they_o have_v likewise_o make_v slave_n of_o the_o best_a of_o the_o native_n upon_o the_o 21._o of_o march_n about_o midnight_n we_o come_v with_o all_o our_o train_n to_o sanyvum_fw-la the_o magistrate_n of_o this_o place_n meet_v we_o on_o the_o way_n and_o with_o their_o respective_a salute_v present_v we_o for_o the_o table_n which_o for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a be_v not_o accept_v this_o place_n be_v not_o very_o large_a lie_v about_o forty_o mile_n distant_a from_o xanxui_fw-la and_o be_v former_o for_o its_o situation_n potent_a and_o populous_a but_o in_o this_o last_o war_n whole_o ruin_v by_o the_o tartar_n who_o give_v the_o same_o usage_n to_o all_o such_o city_n as_o be_v not_o able_a to_o withstand_v they_o here_o we_o get_v fresh_a track-man_n our_o old_a one_o be_v quite_o tire_v to_o draw_v we_o up_o the_o river_n against_o the_o stream_n and_o torrent_n which_o fall_v from_o this_o wonderful_a mountain_n sagwanhab_n the_o height_n of_o this_o mountain_n be_v very_o observable_a for_o the_o top_n thereof_o be_v envelop_v with_o cloud_n which_o make_v the_o passage_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o hill_n obscure_a on_o one_o side_n of_o this_o prodigious_a mountain_n stand_v a_o idol_n temple_n rich_o adorn_v and_o most_o artificial_o build_v to_o which_o these_o poor_a creature_n resort_v conceive_v all_o their_o welfare_n to_o consist_v in_o offer_v to_o this_o idol_n adore_v it_o as_o their_o preserver_n 〈…〉_z up_o by_o step_n to_o this_o temple_n which_o stand_v on_o that_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n next_o the_o river_n there_o be_v several_a strange_a mountain_n and_o hill_n find_v in_o china_n but_o none_o be_v to_o be_v compare_v with_o this_o of_o sangwonhab_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o stuation_n and_o extraordinary_a height_n near_o to_o xunte_v 〈◊〉_d second_o small_a city_n of_o canton_n lie_v a_o mountain_n call_v lungnien_n from_o wheâ—e_n run_v a_o torrent_n as_o clear_a as_o crystal_n upon_o this_o mountain_n be_v find_v certain_a rough_a stone_n of_o strange_a and_o wonderful_a shape_n which_o the_o chineses_n make_v use_n of_o in_o their_o way_n of_o trade_n near_o to_o tangnon_n the_o three_o small_a city_n of_o canton_n lie_v the_o mountain_n tahi_n upon_o the_o east-side_n where_o lie_v 36_o small_a island_n near_o to_o this_o city_n likewise_o lie_v the_o mountain_n heuteu_n which_o serve_v such_o skipper_n as_o be_v bind_v for_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n for_o a_o landmark_n near_o to_o cingyven_v the_o seven_o small_a city_n of_o canton_n lie_v a_o great_a mountain_n call_v talo_fw-la which_o be_v surround_v with_o steep_a and_o sharp_a top_n among_o which_o lie_v rich_a and_o pleasant_a meadow_n where_o dwell_v several_a wild_a and_o uncivilise_v people_n who_o oftentimes_o make_v inroad_n upon_o the_o adjacent_a place_n to_o steal_v what_o they_o can_v these_o wild_a and_o irregular_a people_n live_v according_a to_o their_o own_o law_n without_o any_o subjection_n to_o the_o chinese_n near_o to_o the_o six_o small_a city_n of_o canton_n lie_v a_o mountain_n call_v yaimuen_o from_o this_o mountain_n the_o last_o emperor_n of_o the_o race_n of_o sunga_n after_o that_o the_o tartar_n have_v conquer_a he_o and_o drive_v he_o out_o of_o the_o country_n fling_v himself_o headlong_o out_o of_o despair_n into_o the_o sea_n we_o be_v three_o day_n hover_v up_o and_o down_o before_o we_o can_v get_v from_o among_o these_o strange_a and_o solitary_a mountain_n and_o see_v in_o all_o that_o time_n but_o one_o poor_a village_n call_v quantonlow_n which_o lie_v so_o lonely_a that_o it_o be_v strange_a how_o any_o people_n dare_v live_v in_o it_o in_o some_o place_n of_o this_o island_n between_o the_o hill_n which_o be_v very_o remarkable_a lie_v several_a pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a cornfield_n upon_o the_o 24._o of_o march_n we_o come_v to_o a_o certain_a small_a city_n call_v yntag_n the_o six_o small_a city_n of_o the_o second_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n here_o we_o be_v necessitate_v to_o let_v fall_v our_o anchor_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o violent_a stream_n and_o the_o great_a torrent_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o hill_n for_o those_o that_o tow_v the_o the_o boat_n be_v quite_o spend_v we_o be_v force_v to_o give_v they_o some_o rest_n to_o recover_v their_o strength_n again_o this_o violent_a and_o strong_a stream_n have_v drive_v the_o vessel_n of_o the_o ambassador_n against_o a_o blind_a rock_n which_o do_v very_o much_o endanger_v the_o loss_n both_o of_o ship_n and_o good_n this_o small_a city_n lie_v very_o pleasant_a upon_o a_o corner_n of_o the_o river_n on_o the_o right_a side_n over_o against_o the_o mountain_n sangwonhab_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o high_a and_o indifferent_a strong_a wall_n and_o beautify_v with_o stately_a house_n and_o magnificent_a idol_n temple_n surround_v with_o pleasant_a hill_n delightful_a in_o prospect_n the_o suburb_n well_o and_o sufficient_a it_o be_v former_o very_o rich_a and_o populous_a and_o be_v provide_v with_o a_o safe_a harbour_n for_o vessel_n against_o the_o impetuous_a current_n of_o this_o river_n which_o be_v a_o great_a protection_n to_o they_o in_o stormy_a wether_n pass_v up_o and_o down_o at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o harbour_n on_o the_o right_a side_n appear_v a_o very_a high_a tower_n build_v with_o great_a curiosity_n the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 25._o of_o march_n we_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o that_o wonderful_a and_o strange_a idol_n temple_n call_v koniansiam_fw-la which_o the_o chineses_n hold_v in_o great_a veneration_n bring_v as_o rich_a and_o fat_a offering_n thither_o as_o to_o that_o of_o sangwonhab_n it_o lie_v on_o the_o river_n side_n in_o a_o solitary_a wild_a and_o mountainous_a country_n your_o first_o approach_n conduct_v you_o up_o with_o convenient_a stone_n step_v after_o you_o make_v your_o way_n through_o blind_a path_n and_o cavernous_a pass_n force_v with_o much_o art_n and_o industry_n these_o idolater_n believe_v as_o the_o ancient_a heathen_a that_o grove_n and_o high_a place_n be_v most_o venerable_a mansion_n and_o yield_v a_o more_o reverential_a awe_n to_o their_o god_n and_o less_o discover_v under_o a_o shade_n their_o priest_n juggle_v imposture_n we_o continue_v here_o a_o while_n with_o all_o our_o fleet_n till_o the_o native_n have_v perform_v their_o devotion_n at_o this_o temple_n which_o afterward_o our_o ambassador_n visit_v it_o be_v incredible_a to_o relate_v with_o how_o much_o superstitious_a zeal_n want_v our_o true_a light_n they_o pour_v forth_o there_o their_o
concern_v the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o great_a and_o small_a city_n i_o shall_v now_o relate_v what_o happen_v in_o our_o travel_n through_o this_o province_n to_o that_o of_o nank_v no_o soon_o be_v the_o ambassador_n arrive_v at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o nangan_n but_o a_o gentleman_n be_v immediate_o dispatch_v to_o compliment_v they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o conduct_v they_o to_o those_o lodging_n which_o be_v provide_v for_o they_o a_o while_n after_o come_v the_o governor_n himself_o with_o some_o other_o person_n of_o great_a quality_n who_o after_o civility_n interchange_v fall_v into_o some_o discourse_n of_o small_a importance_n and_o have_v thus_o spend_v a_o hour_n they_o take_v their_o leaf_n and_o depart_v send_v a_o handsome_a treatment_n that_o night_n at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o city_n afterward_o come_v to_o we_o two_o tartar_a gentleman_n who_o be_v new_o arrive_v there_o from_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n and_o after_o they_o have_v salute_v the_o ambassador_n they_o tell_v they_o that_o they_o be_v send_v to_o congratulate_v the_o vice-roys_n of_o canton_n upon_o their_o victory_n obtain_v the_o last_o year_n against_o the_o chinese_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n they_o than_o take_v their_o leaf_n and_o depart_v seem_v much_o to_o admire_v the_o large_a and_o tall_a stature_n of_o the_o hollander_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v come_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n to_o salute_v their_o emperor_n add_v withal_o that_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n expect_v they_o with_o great_a impatience_n during_o our_o abode_n here_o we_o be_v often_o visit_v and_o receive_v the_o friendly_a salutation_n of_o the_o best_a and_o chief_a of_o the_o city_n the_o ambassador_n be_v here_o very_o much_o trouble_v to_o procure_v vessel_n to_o carry_v they_o to_o nank_v for_o though_o they_o do_v earnest_o insist_v to_o prosecute_v and_o hasten_v their_o journey_n yet_o the_o commissioner_n appoint_v to_o furnish_v they_o with_o boat_n can_v not_o get_v they_o ready_a so_o soon_o as_o he_o desire_v whereupon_o the_o mandorin_n pinxenton_n rate_v he_o with_o such_o bitter_a expression_n that_o take_v it_o to_o heart_n he_o draw_v his_o knife_n and_o will_v certain_o have_v stab_v himself_o have_v he_o not_o be_v prevent_v by_o one_o of_o the_o mandorin_n servant_n the_o country_n about_o this_o city_n which_o be_v the_o far_a city_n of_o this_o province_n be_v very_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a surround_v with_o hill_n and_o mountain_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o fence_n to_o guard_n the_o country_n one_o of_o these_o mountain_n far_o exceed_v the_o rest_n for_o delightfulness_n be_v call_v sihoa_n which_o signify_v a_o place_n of_o pleasure_n this_o city_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o equal_a part_n by_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o river_n change_v which_o be_v situate_a on_o the_o stream_n cause_v great_a trade_n there_o for_o all_o the_o good_n and_o merchandise_n which_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o china_n and_o carry_v to_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n or_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o other_o place_n of_o trade_n which_o lie_v high_o up_o in_o the_o country_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n unlade_v in_o this_o city_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v carry_v to_o other_o part_n by_o land_n or_o water_n the_o south_n part_n of_o this_o city_n be_v close_o build_v with_o several_a goodly_a house_n and_o be_v full_a of_o commerce_n and_o people_n on_o the_o north_n side_n stand_v a_o idol-temple_n very_o curious_o build_v and_o so_o rich_o adorn_v that_o a_o second_o dedalus_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v show_v his_o art_n in_o the_o contrivance_n of_o this_o edifice_n however_o in_o bigness_n and_o strength_n this_o city_n stand_v not_o in_o competition_n with_o that_o of_o nanhung_a although_o the_o tartar_n in_o their_o last_o invasion_n be_v more_o favourable_a to_o this_o than_o to_o the_o other_o for_o in_o nangan_n they_o forbear_v to_o destroy_v such_o fabric_n as_o be_v of_o any_o note_n but_o in_o nanhung_a all_o be_v ruin_v beside_o the_o great_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n which_o have_v be_v of_o late_a year_n drive_v here_o have_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o enrich_v the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o who_o have_v continual_o contribute_v towards_o the_o re-edify_n of_o this_o city_n after_o four_o day_n abide_v in_o this_o city_n the_o ambassador_n embark_v themselves_o with_o all_o their_o follower_n to_o pursue_v their_o voyage_n to_o peking_n from_o the_o city_n of_o canton_n to_o nanhung_a we_o be_v tow_v all_o the_o way_n against_o the_o stream_n by_o track-man_n not_o without_o great_a danger_n of_o shipwreck_n by_o reason_n of_o many_o rock_n that_o lie_v hide_v under_o water_n but_o now_o we_o be_v carry_v down_o with_o the_o stream_n though_o yet_o not_o without_o great_a labour_n and_o danger_n of_o often_o lose_v both_o ship_n and_o good_n the_o river_n can_n run_v here_o as_o swift_a as_o a_o arrow_n from_o the_o bow_n and_o be_v full_a of_o bank_n sands_n and_o shoal_n which_o require_v much_o care_n and_o experience_n in_o the_o mariner_n it_o happen_v in_o this_o passage_n among_o other_o accident_n that_o the_o bark_n in_o which_o jacob_n the_o keizer_n one_o of_o the_o ambassador_n have_v embark_v himself_o with_o the_o present_n to_o the_o great_a cham_n fall_v into_o a_o whirl-pool_n and_o turn_v and_o wind_v among_o unsteady_a eddy_n drive_v at_o last_o on_o a_o hide_a sand_n where_o she_o stick_v fast_o and_o can_v not_o be_v get_v off_o until_o they_o have_v unlade_v she_o they_o than_o perceive_v that_o she_o have_v two_o great_a leak_n in_o her_o hull_n which_o they_o make_v shift_v to_o stop_v put_v the_o good_n aboard_o again_o and_o so_o we_o proceed_v on_o our_o journey_n the_o mandorin_n command_v the_o watermen_n to_o be_v severe_o lash_v with_o a_o thick_a leather_n whip_v and_o the_o master_n himself_o have_v not_o escape_v the_o same_o punishment_n for_o his_o neglect_n if_o the_o ambassador_n have_v not_o intercede_v for_o he_o the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 14._o of_o april_n we_o pass_v by_o the_o second_o small_a city_n call_v nankang_v but_o do_v not_o land_n as_o we_o go_v but_o in_o our_o return_n put_v ashore_o this_o nankang_n lie_v upon_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o river_n change_v it_o be_v build_v foursquare_a be_v invest_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n twenty_o five_o foot_n high_a and_o be_v former_o rich_a and_o famous_a for_o commerce_n it_o have_v four_o gate_n each_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n distant_a one_o from_o another_o this_o city_n be_v total_o subvert_v by_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o last_o war._n on_o the_o river_n side_n stand_v a_o strong_a high_a tower_n the_o structure_n well_o build_v at_o our_o return_n we_o lie_v with_o our_o vessel_n before_o nammon_n which_o signify_v the_o south-gate_n from_o whence_o a_o street_n lead_v to_o the_o house_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o street_n stand_v a_o chinese_n triumphal_a arch_n a_o elaborate_a piece_n which_o the_o tartar_n leave_v without_o any_o demolishment_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o street_n be_v the_o marketplace_n to_o which_o be_v bring_v daily_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n as_o flesh_n fish_n and_o fruit_n of_o all_o sort_n in_o great_a abundance_n upon_o the_o 15._o we_o come_v to_o cancheu_o the_o twelve_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n where_o we_o take_v up_o our_o lodging_n for_o that_o night_n and_o be_v visit_v aboard_o our_o vessel_n by_o some_o great_a mandorin_n who_o welcome_v we_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o magistrate_n after_o which_o the_o ambassador_n address_v themselves_o to_o the_o great_a tutang_n of_o this_o city_n return_v he_o the_o like_a complimental_a civility_n who_o receive_v they_o with_o singular_a courtesy_n and_o seem_v affection_n and_o conduct_v they_o into_o his_o private_a apartment_n where_o he_o place_v they_o on_o his_o right_a hand_n then_o he_o ask_v they_o several_a question_n concern_v the_o constitution_n of_o holland_n viz._n of_o how_o many_o province_n it_o consist_v and_o how_o remote_a from_o portugal_n how_o long_o their_o present_a government_n have_v be_v establish_v when_o that_o power_n begin_v whether_o they_o be_v all_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o religion_n and_o whether_o they_o use_v bead_n in_o their_o ejaculation_n after_o the_o portugese_n manner_n to_o each_o of_o which_o particular_n the_o ambassador_n return_v they_o a_o brief_a and_o satisfactory_a answer_n by_o these_o question_n we_o guess_v what_o a_o near_a community_n and_o commerce_n there_o be_v between_o this_o lord_n and_o the_o portuguese_n and_o we_o be_v likewise_o afterward_o tell_v that_o his_o wife_n have_v be_v baptise_a by_o they_o whilst_o we_o be_v drink_v of_o thea_fw-mi in_o the_o withdrawing-room_n he_o desire_v to_o hear_v
account_n of_o this_o earthen_a ware_n and_o to_o receive_v his_o duty_n which_o be_v of_o each_o sort_n the_o five_o piece_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o rest_n they_o afterward_o sell_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o village_n ucienjen_n where_o as_o they_o say_v be_v the_o staple_n of_o this_o porcelain_n trade_n which_o be_v send_v from_o this_o village_n not_o only_o through_o all_o china_n but_o also_o through_o the_o whole_a world_n we_o depart_v the_o same_o day_n from_o this_o place_n and_o upon_o the_o 26._o come_v to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o nankang_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o westside_n of_o this_o lake_n which_o be_v very_o broad_a and_o long_o this_o city_n be_v build_v upon_o a_o mountainous_a soil_n about_o fifty_o mile_n from_o nankang_n the_o wall_n be_v both_o high_a and_o strong_a and_o fortify_v with_o bulwark_n within_o the_o city_n stand_v a_o well-built_a tower_n the_o street_n be_v very_o full_a of_o wind_n and_o turn_n which_o make_v they_o very_o troublesome_a to_o such_o as_o use_v they_o the_o first_o street_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o left-hand_a as_o you_o come_v in_o have_v several_a triumphal_a arch_n stand_v in_o it_o very_o artificial_o build_v according_a to_o the_o chinese_n fashion_n beside_o these_o ornament_n there_o be_v nothing_o rare_a in_o this_o city_n for_o the_o house_n be_v but_o mean_a and_o slight_o build_v in_o prospect_n of_o this_o city_n lie_v several_a stately_a temple_n whereof_o the_o big_a and_o chief_a be_v build_v upon_o the_o mountain_n quangliu_fw-mi and_o juenxiu_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n round_o about_o worship_n these_o mountain_n upon_o which_o dwell_v a_o great_a company_n of_o priest_n and_o friar_n each_o of_o which_o have_v a_o little_a hutch_n where_o he_o daily_a cruciate_n and_o afflict_v himself_o by_o scourge_v and_o discipline_v his_o body_n the_o endure_v of_o which_o castigation_n make_v he_o a_o miracle_n to_o those_o people_n of_o implicit_a faith_n who_o fancy_n these_o their_o suffering_n to_o merit_v after_o death_n the_o high_a felicity_n in_o another_o world_n for_o they_o believe_v that_o their_o soul_n be_v transmigrate_v into_o other_o body_n the_o inhabitant_n tell_v we_o that_o upon_o the_o mountain_n quanglu_n there_o be_v as_o many_o cloister_n as_o day_n in_o the_o year_n they_o say_v likewise_o that_o this_o mountain_n be_v always_o cover_v with_o cloud_n and_o fog_n though_o round_o about_o the_o wether_n be_v clear_a and_o serene_a the_o country_n produce_v store_n of_o hemp_n whereof_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v themselves_o clothes_n for_o the_o summer_n which_o very_o much_o keep_v off_o the_o scorch_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o westside_n of_o this_o city_n lie_v a_o hill_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v kien_n the_o water_n that_o fall_v from_o the_o brow_n of_o this_o hill_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o chineses_n very_o sovereign_a for_o several_a disease_n the_o pool_n poyang_n divide_v the_o territory_n belong_v to_o this_o city_n into_o two_o part_n both_o which_o be_v very_o fruitful_a in_o rice_n and_o corn_n of_o all_o sort_n upon_o the_o 29._o we_o make_v for_o the_o city_n of_o hukeu_n be_v the_o four_o small_a city_n of_o the_o five_o chief_a city_n kieukiang_n to_o furnish_v ourselves_o with_o provision_n this_o city_n lie_v forty_o mile_n from_o the_o forego_n chief_a city_n of_o nankang_n upon_o the_o narrow_a of_o the_o lake_n poyang_n and_o upon_o the_o rightside_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n which_o mingle_v with_o it_o and_o receive_v no_o small_a share_n of_o its_o water_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o city_n do_v appear_v a_o very_a pleasant_a and_o antique_a rock_n which_o hang_v somewhat_o over_o the_o river_n and_o appear_v a_o most_o delightful_a prospect_n be_v overgrow_v with_o tree_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o mountain_n stand_v a_o large_a and_o beautiful_a idol-temple_n the_o wall_n of_o this_o city_n be_v very_o thick_a and_o high_a and_o for_o the_o great_a safety_n of_o the_o city_n be_v guard_v in_o several_a place_n with_o foot-soldier_n this_o city_n drive_v a_o handsome_a trade_n be_v full_a of_o people_n and_o well_o build_v all_o manner_n of_o provision_n be_v sell_v very_o cheap_a especial_o fish_n which_o yield_v but_o a_o small_a price_n about_o this_o city_n lie_v a_o hill_n call_v xechung_a which_o signify_v a_o stone_n bell_n for_o the_o wave_n and_o billow_n which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o pool_n poyang_n in_o foul_a and_o stormy_a wether_n beat_v against_o this_o hill_n and_o occasion_n thereby_o such_o a_o strange_a and_o ring_a noise_n that_o it_o very_o much_o resemble_v the_o sound_n of_o a_o bell._n we_o be_v no_o soon_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n but_o the_o news_n of_o our_o arrival_n fill_v the_o whole_a city_n with_o joy_n so_o that_o both_o old_a and_o young_a come_v run_v to_o the_o shore_n to_o view_v we_o and_o our_o vessel_n who_o behold_v we_o with_o great_a admiration_n and_o fain_o will_v have_v be_v talk_v to_o we_o if_o the_o difference_n of_o language_n have_v not_o hinder_v we_o cause_v our_o trumpet_n to_o sound_v that_o old_a tune_n of_o william_n of_o nassaw_n suppose_v to_o have_v delight_v they_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a they_o be_v so_o much_o affright_v with_o their_o brazen_a voice_n that_o they_o run_v roar_v with_o full_a speed_n for_o shelter_n to_o the_o city_n have_v provide_v ourselves_o with_o necessary_n we_o depart_v from_o this_o place_n and_o come_v to_o pengce_n the_o five_o small_a city_n under_o this_o capital_a one_o of_o kieukiang_n thus_o far_o have_v we_o proceed_v in_o our_o voyage_n upon_o the_o river_n can_v from_o kancheu_fw-la to_o nank_v from_o whence_o we_o pass_v over_o the_o pool_n poyang_n and_o so_o come_v into_o the_o river_n kiang_n which_o to_o prosecute_v the_o remainder_n of_o our_o voyage_n to_o peking_n we_o be_v to_o sail_v up_o eastward_o this_o river_n kiang_n which_o signify_v the_o son_n of_o the_o sea_n divide_v all_o china_n into_o northern_a and_o southern_a glide_v from_o west_n to_o east_n and_o receive_v several_a name_n from_o the_o province_n through_o which_o it_o run_v the_o forementioned_a city_n pengce_o lie_v thirty_o mile_n from_o hukeu_n behind_o a_o island_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n and_o have_v behind_o it_o high_a and_o famous_a hill_n it_o be_v a_o well-built_a place_n but_o far_o less_o than_o hukeu_n not_o far_o from_o this_o pengce_n lie_v a_o mountain_n call_v siaocu_n which_o be_v so_o steep_a high_a and_o inaccessible_a that_o none_o can_v ever_o scale_v the_o top_n it_o be_v surround_v with_o water_n and_o have_v on_o the_o southside_n a_o small_a but_o very_o safe_a road_n for_o ship_n in_o foul_a wether_n upon_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n lie_v also_o a_o hill_n call_v makang_v talk_v on_o with_o terror_n through_o all_o china_n for_o the_o abundance_n of_o shipwreck_n which_o happen_v near_o this_o place_n for_o if_o the_o pilot_n miss_v never_o so_o little_a his_o steerage_n they_o seldom_o escape_v bilge_v on_o the_o neighbour_a rock_n the_o ambassador_n with_o some_o of_o their_o follower_n go_v ashore_o upon_o the_o say_a island_n but_o be_v force_v immediate_o to_o return_v have_v observe_v the_o foot_n of_o a_o tiger_n which_o sort_n of_o beast_n be_v very_o numerous_a in_o this_o country_n when_o the_o chinese_n pilot_n see_v our_o cook_n go_v to_o make_v a_o fire_n to_o dress_v dinner_n they_o come_v into_o the_o cabin_n to_o the_o ambassador_n fall_v down_o upon_o their_o knee_n and_o earnest_o entreat_v that_o they_o will_v forbid_v any_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v for_o that_o as_o they_o say_v there_o be_v a_o certain_a spirit_n who_o keep_v himself_o under_o water_n about_o this_o pool_n and_o appear_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o dragon_n or_o great_a fish_n and_o have_v the_o command_n over_o this_o country_n who_o nature_n and_o constitution_n be_v such_o that_o he_o can_v not_o endure_v the_o scent_n in_o his_o nose_n of_o roast_a poultry_n boil_a bacon_n or_o other_o savoury_n smell_v for_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v sensible_a of_o any_o such_o thing_n he_o immediate_o raise_v a_o storm_n which_o do_v infallible_o cast_v away_o the_o vessel_n the_o ambassador_n at_o their_o earnest_a entreaty_n send_v word_n to_o the_o cook_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v content_a with_o a_o cold_a dinner_n for_o that_o day_n during_o the_o discourse_n there_o appear_v play_v above_o the_o water_n two_o or_o three_o tunny_n fish_n which_o put_v the_o chineses_n into_o no_o little_a fear_n in_o regard_n they_o imagine_v the_o water-spirit_n have_v already_o give_v order_n for_o the_o cast_v away_o of_o their_o vessel_n thus_o far_o we_o have_v travel_v through_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n when_o about_o noon_n we_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o two_o column_n which_o stand_v
river_n kiang_n call_v sanglo_n not_o far_o from_o tonglieu_n near_o the_o river_n side_n rises_z a_o mountain_n call_v kieuhoa_n or_o the_o nine-headed_n mountain_n much_o like_o the_o sun-flower_n when_o hang_v down_o the_o head_n two_o mile_n from_o this_o tonglieu_n we_o see_v in_o our_o passage_n the_o ten_o chief_a city_n gank_v the_o most_o famous_a city_n of_o this_o country_n which_o abound_v in_o wealth_n and_o trade_n because_o no_o good_n be_v bring_v out_o of_o other_o part_n to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o nank_v but_o they_o must_v first_o pass_v by_o this_o the_o country_n though_o hilly_a yet_o abound_v with_o most_o sort_n of_o provision_n and_o be_v plentiful_o supply_v with_o what_o they_o want_v from_o the_o adjacent_a market_n by_o the_o river_n kiang_n towards_o the_o evening_n we_o come_v to_o tungling_n the_o three_o small_a city_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o metropolis_n chicheu_o which_o be_v situate_v most_o delightful_o be_v surround_v with_o variety_n of_o wood_n hill_n and_o dale_n this_o city_n though_o but_o little_a be_v well_o build_v and_o encompass_v with_o wall_n have_v in_o the_o front_n a_o land-locked_a harbour_n for_o vessel_n to_o shelter_v in_o stormy_a wether_n which_o very_o much_o enrich_v the_o place_n the_o corner_n of_o this_o port_n be_v guard_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n which_o not_o only_o defend_v the_o city_n against_o any_o hostile_a invasion_n but_o also_o serve_v to_o protect_v the_o harbour_n and_o vessel_n that_o ride_v there_o whilst_o we_o be_v take_v a_o view_n of_o this_o place_n the_o inhabitant_n tell_v we_o that_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o on_o a_o hill_n be_v a_o very_a rare_a echo_n out_o of_o curiosity_n to_o hear_v this_o novelty_n we_o clamber_v up_o the_o hill_n and_o there_o sound_v our_o trumpet_n where_o we_o hear_v their_o note_n return_v most_o distinct_o to_o our_o great_a admiration_n near_o to_o this_o city_n rise_v the_o mountain_n hang_v so_o name_v from_o the_o apricock_n which_o grow_v thereupon_o in_o great_a abundance_n have_v satisfy_v our_o eye_n with_o the_o view_n of_o this_o place_n we_o set_v sail_v the_o next_o day_n and_o come_v on_o the_o three_o of_o may_n to_o a_o castle_n call_v upun_n near_o the_o river_n kiang_n not_o far_o from_o the_o follow_a city_n of_o ufu_n be_v build_v foursquare_a and_o begird_v with_o a_o large_a stone_n wall_n amid_o this_o fortress_n be_v a_o strong_a well-built_a temple_n with_o a_o high_a roof_n who_o inside_n be_v curious_o adorn_v with_o picture_n the_o same_o day_n we_o arrive_v at_o ufu_n the_o second_o small_a city_n under_o the_o eleven_o metropolis_n call_v taip_v lie_v with_o our_o vessel_n close_o under_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n this_o town_n be_v situate_a in_o a_o island_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n the_o suburb_n of_o it_o be_v very_o populous_a and_o full_a of_o commerce_n upon_o each_o angle_n of_o this_o island_n be_v strong_a blockhouse_n but_o be_v neither_o man_v nor_o have_v any_o gun_n mount_v on_o they_o this_o city_n be_v cry_v up_o through_o all_o china_n for_o arm_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v most_o dexterous_a and_o exquisite_a in_o make_v all_o manner_n of_o military_a utensil_n they_o be_v likewise_o very_o skilful_a in_o make_v lamp_n of_o all_o sort_n upon_o the_o four_o we_o pass_v by_o the_o three_o chief_a city_n call_v teytong_v which_o some_o also_o call_v taip_v lie_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n in_o a_o island_n there_o make_v by_o the_o same_o stream_n the_o country_n about_o this_o island_n be_v in_o some_o place_n very_o rocky_a and_o full_a of_o hill_n in_o other_o again_o as_o smooth_a but_o in_o both_o exceed_a fruitful_a on_o the_o southside_n of_o this_o city_n we_o see_v at_o a_o distance_n a_o high_a mountain_n by_o the_o chineses_n call_v tienmuen_v which_o signify_v heaven_n gate_n because_o the_o river_n kiang_n run_v through_o here_o between_o two_o small_a hill_n of_o this_o mountain_n as_o through_o a_o gate_n sail_v forward_o we_o observe_v lie_v in_o the_o river_n over_o against_o this_o city_n another_o island_n call_v hiao_n all_o of_o one_o entire_a stone_n in_o this_o rock_n be_v several_a holes_n and_o concavity_n wherein_o breed_v abundance_n of_o night-bird_n the_o isle_n from_o thence_o denominate_v hiao_n not_o far_o from_o hence_o towards_o the_o southeast_n be_v a_o large_a lake_n or_o pool_n call_v tanyang_n which_o as_o well_o as_o the_o river_n kiang_n divide_v itself_o and_o water_n the_o whole_a country_n of_o this_o chief_a city_n which_o very_o much_o enrich_v the_o ground_n round_o about_o make_v they_o satisfy_v the_o greedy_a husbandman_n we_o understand_v by_o the_o chineses_n that_o this_o have_v be_v a_o stately_a city_n well_o build_v and_o full_a of_o trade_n but_o the_o tartar_n total_o ruin_v it_o in_o the_o last_o war_n three_o gallant_a tower_n we_o see_v upon_o the_o river_n side_n as_o we_o sail_v along_o by_o which_o we_o may_v understand_v in_o what_o a_o famous_a condition_n this_o country_n have_v former_o be_v upon_o the_o same_o day_n we_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o that_o renown_a and_o royal_a city_n of_o nank_v which_o be_v just_o call_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o nank_v we_o come_v to_o anchor_v in_o the_o harbour_n and_o lay_v with_o our_o vessel_n before_o the_o gate_n susimon_n which_o signify_v the_o water-gate_n the_o ambassador_n go_v the_o next_o day_n to_o visit_v the_o three_o governor_n of_o this_o city_n be_v carry_v in_o palakins_o or_o sedan_n and_o their_o follower_n wait_v upon_o they_o on_o horseback_n they_o be_v conduct_v thither_o in_o great_a state_n by_o the_o agent_n of_o the_o young_a viceroy_n of_o canton_n who_o reside_v in_o this_o city_n and_o by_o two_o mandorin_n who_o come_v from_o canton_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o pinxenton_n who_o lie_v still_o behind_o the_o chief_a governor_n show_v the_o ambassador_n his_o withdrawing-room_n and_o make_v they_o after_o accustomary_a compliment_n to_o sit_v down_o next_o to_o he_o he_o be_v a_o chinese_n bear_v in_o the_o city_n of_o leoatung_n but_o of_o a_o very_a civil_a behaviour_n the_o ambassador_n show_v he_o a_o letter_n of_o the_o present_n which_o be_v design_v for_o he_o but_o he_o will_v not_o receive_v they_o they_o have_v not_o yet_o see_v the_o emperor_n after_o they_o have_v discourse_v a_o while_n with_o this_o first_o governor_n they_o take_v leave_v and_o go_v to_o the_o second_o also_o a_o chinese_n and_o bear_v at_o leaotung_n who_o show_v himself_o no_o less_o courteous_a than_o the_o former_a he_o cause_v the_o ambassador_n to_o sit_v down_o with_o almost_o the_o same_o compliment_n and_o receive_v the_o letter_n with_o great_a civility_n from_o they_o which_o nominate_v his_o allot_v present_n but_o he_o be_v illiterate_a himself_o give_v it_o to_o one_o of_o his_o commander_n to_o read_v and_o on_o the_o former_a account_n refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o they_o from_o hence_o they_o go_v to_o the_o three_o who_o dwell_v in_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o old_a imperial_a palace_n he_o send_v for_o the_o ambassador_n who_o come_v to_o he_o in_o his_o chamber_n where_o his_o wife_n be_v with_o he_o the_o apartment_n be_v foursquare_a with_o bench_n round_o about_o cover_v with_o silk_n and_o a_o stove_n to_o warm_v the_o room_n in_o winter_n in_o which_o they_o burn_v reed_n wood_n be_v there_o very_o scarce_o this_o governor_n be_v by_o birth_n a_o tartar_n a_o young_a well-set_a man_n but_o understand_v not_o the_o chinese_n language_n therefore_o his_o son_n be_v interpreter_n his_o wife_n a_o proper_a and_o comely_a dame_n speak_v more_o than_o her_o husband_n and_o seem_v very_o inquisitive_a about_o holland_n she_o be_v not_o dismay_v at_o our_o strange_a arm_n but_o like_o a_o bold_a virago_n draw_v on_o it_o our_o sword_n and_o discharge_v our_o pistol_n which_o much_o delight_v she_o the_o room_n be_v present_o fill_v with_o tartar_a gentlewoman_n who_o belong_v to_o and_o wait_v upon_o this_o lady_n and_o bring_v a_o great_a silver_n kettle_n full_a of_o thea_fw-mi mingle_v with_o milk_n and_o salt_n place_v it_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o chamber_n and_o serve_v it_o about_o with_o wooden_a ladle_n to_o all_o the_o company_n the_o thea_fw-mi thus_o mingle_v they_o drink_v in_o wood_n but_o the_o clear_a thea_fw-mi make_v only_o with_o water_n they_o drink_v in_o little_a china_n cup_n and_o other_o drink_n as_o chinese_n beer_n and_o zamsou_n make_v of_o rice_n in_o silver_n the_o ambassador_n after_o they_o have_v be_v thus_o civil_o receive_v and_o treat_v take_v leave_v and_o go_v with_o the_o canton_n agent_n to_o visit_v a_o tartar_n gentleman_n who_o be_v new_o arrive_v from_o peking_n he_o be_v a_o young_a lusty_a man_n and_o have_v his_o lodging_n in_o a_o old_a ruinous_a court_n which_o also_o
belong_v to_o the_o imperial_a palace_n but_o all_o thing_n be_v in_o disorder_n and_o in_o a_o decay_a condition_n without_o any_o furniture_n but_o two_o or_o three_o break_a bench_n some_o kettle_n and_o a_o few_o little_a dish_n for_o thea._n his_o horse_n mule_n ass_n dromedary_n and_o camel_n go_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o court_n the_o stable_n be_v all_o ruine_a and_o spoil_v from_o this_o tartar_n lodging_n the_o ambassador_n be_v conduct_v by_o the_o agent_n to_o his_o own_o house_n to_o a_o sumptuous_a dinner_n than_o make_v ready_a by_o his_o order_n for_o they_o where_o he_o entertain_v they_o till_o night_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o dainty_n which_o do_v they_o thank_v he_o for_o his_o great_a kindness_n and_o civility_n take_v their_o leaf_n and_o return_v aboard_o their_o vessel_n in_o which_o they_o lie_v all_o their_o voyage_n both_o to_o and_o from_o peking_n except_o at_o canton_n nangan_n and_o peking_n this_o stately_a city_n which_o without_o parallel_n be_v the_o diadem_n of_o all_o china_n lie_v about_o thirty_o five_o mile_n from_o the_o forementioned_a taip_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n and_o in_o 32_o degree_n of_o northern_a latitude_n her_o situation_n be_v most_o pleasant_a and_o the_o soil_n luxurious_o fruitful_a the_o river_n run_v quite_o through_o this_o city_n whereof_o some_o stream_n be_v navigable_a for_o great_a vessel_n here_o be_v former_o keep_v the_o court_n of_o the_o old_a chinese_n emperor_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o u_o cyu_n cung_n ci_o leang_v chin_n and_o tanga_n here_o also_o reign_v many_o lustre_n the_o race_n of_o taiminga_n till_o they_o remove_v to_o peking_n the_o better_a to_o prevent_v the_o invasion_n and_o design_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o founder_n of_o this_o city_n be_v gnens_n king_n of_o cuckoe_n who_o name_v it_o kinling_n which_o signify_v a_o golden_a country_n afterward_o the_o first_o branch_n of_o the_o race_n of_o cina_n call_v it_o moling_n the_o king_n of_o u_o who_o keep_v their_o court_n in_o this_o city_n call_v it_o kienye_v the_o race_n of_o tanga_n give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o kiangxin_n but_o that_o of_o taiminga_fw-mi call_v it_o ingcien_n and_o last_o of_o all_o the_o tartar_n who_o not_o many_o year_n since_o overran_a and_o conquer_v all_o china_n give_v it_o again_o the_o name_n of_o kiangx_v where_o this_o city_n border_n on_o the_o river_n kiang_n it_o have_v a_o broad_a and_o deep_a graâ—â—_n into_o which_o you_o come_v out_o of_o the_o kiang_n up_o to_o the_o town_n about_o half_a a_o mile_n within_o the_o land_n here_o they_o pass_v over_o on_o a_o bridge_n of_o boat_n which_o bring_v they_o convenient_o into_o the_o city_n who_o east-side_n which_o run_v far_o into_o this_o country_n covers_z a_o flat_a with_o several_a navigable_a channel_n run_v through_o so_o that_o you_o may_v come_v with_o large_a vessel_n up_o to_o the_o town_n on_o that_o side_n over_o these_o channel_n be_v several_a stone_n bridges_n very_o rare_o build_v the_o chineses_n describe_v the_o circumference_n of_o this_o late_a wall_n by_o two_o horseman_n who_o in_o the_o morning_n set_v forth_o at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o gate_n part_v ride_v contrary_a and_o they_o say_v meet_v not_o till_o the_o close_a of_o the_o evening_n by_o which_o they_o will_v have_v we_o guess_v at_o the_o vast_a circumference_n of_o their_o city_n the_o first_o vesture_n of_o the_o city_n be_v above_o thirty_o foot_n high_a build_v artificial_o of_o stone_n with_o breast-works_a and_o watch-tower_n there_o be_v thirteen_o gate_n in_o this_o wall_n who_o door_n be_v plate_v with_o iron_n and_o guard_v continual_o with_o horse_n and_o foot_n some_o of_o these_o gate_n rest_v on_o four_o or_o five_o arch_n through_o which_o you_o pass_v before_o you_o come_v into_o the_o city_n we_o lay_v with_o our_o vessel_n before_o the_o gate_n suisimon_n or_o water-gate_n so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o people_n pass_v daily_o to_o and_o again_o through_o this_o gate_n that_o there_o be_v no_o get_n in_o or_o out_o without_o much_o crowd_v the_o chief_a street_n of_o this_o city_n be_v twenty_o eight_o pace_n broad_a very_o neat_o pave_v and_o straight_o in_o the_o night_n there_o be_v such_o good_a order_n observe_v for_o the_o prevent_n of_o house_n break_v or_o disturbance_n in_o the_o street_n that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o ordinary_a citizen_n house_n be_v but_o mean_a build_v without_o any_o convenience_n and_o stand_v all_o with_o the_o cross_a ridge_n next_o to_o the_o street_n they_o have_v but_o one_o door_n to_o go_v in_o and_o out_o and_o but_o one_o room_n to_o eat_v and_o sleep_v in_o next_o the_o street_n appear_v only_o a_o foursquare_a hole_n serve_v in_o stead_n of_o a_o window_n to_o let_v in_o light_n which_o be_v common_o cover_v with_o reed_n in_o stead_n of_o glass_n to_o prevent_v gazer_n from_o look_v in_o the_o house_n be_v but_o one_o story_n high_a be_v cover_v with_o white_a pan-tile_n and_o the_o outside_n white_v over_o with_o chalk_n such_o as_o dwell_v in_o these_o ordinary_a house_n drive_v very_o mean_a trade_n but_o the_o shop_n of_o the_o chief_a citizen_n and_o merchant_n be_v fill_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o rich_a chinese_n ware_n as_o cotton_n silk_n stuff_v china_n dish_n pearl_n diamond_n etc._n etc._n before_o each_o shop_n stand_v a_o board_n upon_o which_o be_v inscribe_v the_o name_n of_o the_o master_n in_o gold_n letter_n as_o also_o what_o good_n he_o sell_v beside_o these_o board_n stand_v a_o high_a pole_n which_o reach_v above_o the_o house_n upon_o which_o they_o hang_v pennon_n and_o flag_n or_o something_o whereby_o they_o as_o we_o in_o europe_n with_o our_o sign_n make_v know_v their_o habitation_n they_o have_v not_o here_o nor_o in_o all_o china_n any_o coin_v money_n but_o use_v in_o stead_n thereof_o small_a piece_n of_o silver_n which_o be_v of_o different_a value_n and_o weight_n and_o though_o you_o buy_v never_o so_o little_a you_o must_v always_o have_v a_o pair_n of_o scale_n about_o you_o if_o you_o will_v not_o be_v cheat_v in_o the_o weight_n by_o these_o crafty_a chineses_n for_o they_o have_v common_o two_o sort_n of_o weight_n by_o they_o and_o be_v so_o nimble_a and_o deceitful_a in_o their_o balance_a that_o you_o have_v need_n of_o argus_n eye_n when_o you_o buy_v any_o thing_n of_o they_o this_o great_a city_n be_v also_o so_o populous_a that_o there_o be_v above_o 1000000_o people_n dwell_v in_o it_o and_o yet_o provision_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v to_o be_v have_v there_o in_o great_a abundance_n at_o a_o small_a rate_n all_o the_o year_n long_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v the_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n round_o about_o among_o other_o fruit_n there_o be_v most_o delicious_a cherry_n sell_v very_o cheap_a in_o this_o city_n beside_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o people_n there_o lie_v a_o garrison_n of_o 40000_o tartar_n here_o reside_v also_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o southern_a province_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o emperor_n this_o city_n likewise_o exceed_v any_o other_o in_o china_n for_o stately_a idol-temple_n tower_n rare_a edifice_n and_o triumphal_a arch_n but_o the_o emperor_n court_n or_o palace_n former_o exceed_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o building_n wherein_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n be_v wont_a to_o reside_v with_o the_o same_o state_n and_o pomp_n as_o now_o at_o present_a the_o great_a cham_n do_v at_o peking_n this_o palace_n be_v situate_v on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o city_n build_v foursquare_a and_o surround_v with_o a_o wall_n which_o contain_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o city_n each_o side_n of_o the_o square_a wherein_o this_o palace_n be_v include_v contain_v in_o length_n one_o italian_a mile_n and_o three_o part_n of_o a_o dutch_a mile_n and_o as_o near_o as_o can_v be_v guess_v by_o the_o decay_a wall_n or_o may_v be_v learn_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n this_o court_n or_o palace_n with_o all_o belong_v thereto_o be_v as_o big_a as_o haerlem_n in_o holland_n within_o the_o first_o great_a gate_n lie_v a_o large_a court_n which_o lead_v to_o the_o four_o square_n and_o be_v pave_v with_o fine_a smooth_a stone_n the_o tartar_n seat_v themselves_o near_o a_o idol-temple_n call_v paolinxi_fw-la where_o they_o build_v themselves_o several_a hut_n leave_v the_o chineses_n to_o dwell_v in_o the_o city_n and_o there_o to_o drive_v their_o trade_n the_o building_n be_v all_o of_o a_o hard_a sort_n of_o stone_n which_o the_o native_n have_v most_o curious_o paint_v with_o a_o yellow_a colour_n so_o that_o when_o the_o sun_n reflect_v on_o they_o they_o shine_v like_o gold_n over_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o second_o court_n of_o this_o palace_n hang_v a_o great_a bell_n about_z 10_o or_o
for_o no_o tree_n will_v grow_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n they_o boast_v likewise_o of_o store_n of_o windmill_n who_o sail_n be_v make_v of_o mat_n the_o great_a product_n of_o the_o country_n consist_v of_o rice_n which_o the_o peasant_n stand_v oblige_v to_o look_v after_o very_o narrow_o lest_o it_o perish_v upon_o the_o ground_n by_o too_o much_o moisture_n or_o too_o much_o heat_n and_o drought_n so_o that_o their_o eye_n be_v continual_o upon_o the_o crop_n otherwise_o it_o sudden_o wither_v to_o nothing_o or_o a_o small_a increase_n the_o windmill_n therefore_o be_v to_o draw_v out_o the_o water_n in_o a_o moist_a season_n or_o to_o let_v it_o in_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a to_o keep_v their_o hope_n from_o burn_v up_o in_o a_o dry_a and_o hot_a season_n so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o chinese_n enjoy_v twice_o a_o year_n a_o plentiful_a harvest_n by_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o great_a edifice_n this_o city_n appear_v to_o have_v be_v former_o a_o very_a famous_a place_n rich_a and_o populous_a but_o be_v total_o destroy_v in_o the_o late_a war_n by_o the_o tartar_n among_o other_o edifice_n which_o be_v yet_o stand_v be_v a_o most_o famous_a idol-temple_n without_o the_o wall_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o city_n build_v after_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o chinese_n the_o royal_a channel_n run_v quite_o through_o the_o country_n up_o to_o the_o very_a wall_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o water_v their_o ground_n in_o a_o dry_a season_n this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v also_o full_a of_o draining-mill_n to_o be_v use_v upon_o occasion_n upon_o the_o 28._o we_o come_v to_o the_o famous_a sea-town_n of_o hoaigan_n which_o be_v reckon_v for_o the_o eight_o capital_a city_n of_o this_o province_n of_o nank_v it_o lie_v on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o royal_a river_n about_o thirty_o english_a mile_n from_o pancien_fw-fr in_o a_o flat_a and_o morish_a soil_n through_o the_o midst_n thereof_o run_v a_o wall_n seem_v to_o make_v two_o distinct_a town_n but_o another_o wall_n which_o surround_v both_o division_n take_v away_o the_o distinction_n and_o render_v it_o one_o entire_a city_n that_o part_n which_o lie_v towards_o the_o south_n be_v call_v hoaigan_n and_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o north-east_n yengehing_n the_o former_a of_o these_o have_v stately_a suburb_n well_o build_v and_o full_a of_o people_n on_o one_o side_n of_o this_o city_n we_o see_v the_o field_n full_a of_o tomb_n and_o grave-stone_n in_o this_o capital_a city_n the_o viceroy_n keep_v his_o court_n in_o great_a splendour_n and_o state_n he_o have_v full_a power_n over_o the_o seven_o southerly_a province_n and_o only_o own_v the_o emperor_n for_o his_o supreme_a head_n his_o office_n be_v to_o look_v after_o the_o grand_a cham_n revenue_n consist_v chief_o in_o provision_n of_o rice_n etc._n etc._n which_o when_o get_v in_o be_v afterward_o transport_v to_o peking_n in_o his_o majesty_n own_o vessel_n on_o the_o north-side_n 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in_o the_o same_o country_n near_o to_o the_o city_n of_o hintai_n there_o be_v a_o notable_a mountain_n call_v moyang_n and_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o shepherdess_n hill_n because_o as_o they_o say_v a_o very_a fair_a virgin_n former_o keep_v her_o flock_n there_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o this_o hoaigan_n have_v several_a river_n run_v through_o it_o and_o be_v also_o replenish_v with_o many_o lake_n among_o other_o pool_n you_o have_v here_o the_o great_a pool_n of_o xeho_n which_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v situate_v next_o to_o the_o great_a indian_a sea_n and_o water_n various_a part_n of_o this_o country_n which_o abound_v with_o fish_n towards_o the_o east_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n lie_v also_o a_o great_a pool_n call_v hang_v produce_v great_a store_n of_o reed_n which_o serve_v they_o for_o fire_v wood_n be_v very_o scarce_o through_o the_o whole_a province_n no_o soon_o be_v the_o ambassador_n arrive_v before_o this_o capital_a city_n but_o they_o send_v 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he_o give_v he_o a_o handsome_a entertainment_n for_o his_o visit._n he_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o very_a open-hearted_n person_n and_o make_v protestation_n of_o a_o particular_a inclination_n and_o affection_n to_o our_o nation_n offer_v the_o ambassador_n his_o house_n if_o they_o please_v to_o accept_v thereof_o or_o any_o other_o service_n he_o can_v do_v they_o he_o give_v they_o likewise_o dark_o to_o understand_v that_o upon_o their_o request_n and_o desire_n of_o free_a trade_n in_o china_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o they_o will_v meet_v with_o great_a opposition_n at_o peking_n from_o the_o portuguese_n who_o will_v do_v their_o utmost_a to_o hinder_v it_o as_o we_o find_v afterward_o in_o the_o sequel_n of_o our_o business_n the_o ambassador_n be_v very_o thankful_a to_o this_o good_a father_n for_o his_o kind_n and_o faithful_a admonition_n who_o thereupon_o take_v leave_v wish_v we_o a_o prosperous_a voyage_n we_o stay_v not_o long_o in_o this_o city_n but_o depart_v the_o next_o day_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o in_o our_o passage_n we_o see_v on_o both_o side_n luxurious_a field_n well_o manure_v as_o likewise_o a_o great_a company_n of_o small_a boat_n lie_v up_o and_o down_o in_o this_o royal_a channel_n about_o sunset_n we_o come_v to_o a_o famous_a village_n call_v siampu_n at_o the_o entrance_n whereof_o lie_v a_o very_a great_a sluice_n through_o which_o we_o pass_v this_o village_n be_v situate_v betwixt_o the_o royal_a channel_n and_o the_o yellow_a river_n and_o be_v of_o a_o very_a great_a length_n handsome_o adorn_v with_o temple_n and_o fair_a house_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o water_n it_o have_v some_o privilege_n belong_v to_o it_o as_o also_o a_o toll-house_n where_o the_o toll-master_n appoint_v by_o the_o emperor_n reside_v to_o receive_v toll_n of_o all_o such_o good_n and_o vessel_n which_o pass_v out_o
of_o the_o yellow_a river_n into_o the_o royal_a channel_n or_o out_o of_o the_o royal_a channel_n into_o the_o yellow_a river_n or_o such_o as_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n and_o other_o part_n and_o be_v carry_v up_o high_a or_o low_o one_o of_o these_o toll-master_n show_v himself_o far_o more_o scrupulous_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n search_v all_o our_o vessel_n except_o those_o two_o in_o which_o the_o ambassador_n be_v to_o see_v what_o be_v in_o they_o for_o he_o can_v not_o believe_v that_o they_o be_v all_o lade_v with_o good_n belong_v only_a to_o the_o emperor_n we_o lodge_v all_o night_n in_o this_o village_n and_o set_v sail_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o come_v that_o night_n to_o another_o village_n call_v neynemiao_n into_o which_o we_o be_v let_v by_o two_o great_a sluice_n one_o after_o another_o the_o inhabitant_n tell_v we_o as_o indeed_o appear_v by_o the_o ruin_n that_o in_o this_o village_n former_o stand_v a_o great_a castle_n which_o protect_v three_o river_n as_o the_o yellow_a river_n on_o both_o side_n and_o the_o royal_a channel_n behind_o it_o but_o the_o tartar_n who_o make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o destroy_v all_o inland_a place_n of_o strength_n have_v likewise_o pull_v down_o this_o castle_n we_o lodge_v there_o all_o night_n and_o the_o next_o day_n at_o sunrising_n we_o set_v sail_n again_o and_o come_v into_o a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a yellow_a river_n which_o be_v so_o thick_a and_o muddy_a that_o it_o be_v scarce_o passable_a this_o river_n be_v call_v by_o some_o the_o saffron_n from_o the_o yellowness_n of_o the_o water_n at_o a_o distance_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o thick_a morish_a plash_n but_o when_o you_o come_v upon_o it_o the_o swiftness_n and_o great_a force_n of_o the_o stream_n declare_v a_o run_a river_n who_o current_n have_v so_o much_o violence_n that_o no_o boat_n be_v able_a to_o sail_n against_o the_o stream_n but_o be_v tow_v up_o by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o bargeman_n in_o some_o place_n this_o river_n be_v half_a a_o mile_n broad_a and_o in_o some_o more_o but_o in_o length_n it_o reach_v above_o eight_o hundred_o mile_n the_o chinese_n sailor_n when_o employ_v here_o make_v this_o water_n fit_a for_o use_v and_o very_o clear_a by_o fling_v allom_n into_o it_o which_o sink_v â—he_n mud_n to_o the_o bottom_n upon_o the_o first_o of_o june_n we_o come_v to_o the_o little_a town_n of_o tanjenien_n which_o be_v the_o four_o small_a city_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o hoaigan_n it_o be_v situate_a on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o yellow_a river_n and_o fence_v with_o a_o broad_a strong_a earthen_a or_o mud_n wall_n replenish_v with_o handsome_a building_n and_o full_a of_o rich_a inhabitant_n who_o drive_v a_o very_a great_a trade_n the_o country_n round_o be_v very_o fruitful_a in_o the_o product_n of_o pear_n apple_n prune_n cherry_n and_o the_o like_a we_o buy_v here_o some_o provision_n for_o the_o kitchen_n at_o a_o very_a reasonable_a rate_n these_o part_n likewise_o abound_v in_o quail_n pheasant_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o fowl_n we_o make_v no_o long_a stay_n here_o but_o depart_v before_o night_n and_o sail_v at_o least_o three_o day_n upon_o this_o yellow_a river_n before_o we_o come_v to_o any_o considerable_a place_n at_o last_o upon_o the_o four_o of_o the_o same_o month_n we_o draw_v near_o to_o the_o small_a town_n of_o tsisang_n situate_v in_o a_o very_a delightful_a soil_n and_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n this_o town_n have_v no_o remarkable_a building_n nor_o wall_n only_o one_o strong_a castle_n but_o yet_o of_o great_a trade_n and_o have_v many_o rich_a inhabitant_n who_o traffic_n much_o with_o their_o ship_n at_o the_o entrance_n into_o the_o town_n stand_v a_o stately_a temple_n upon_o a_o steep_a summit_n see_v in_o prospect_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n we_o see_v likewise_o upon_o this_o yellow_a river_n which_o be_v continual_o plow_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o great_a and_o small_a vessel_n not_o far_o from_o the_o town_n several_a float_a island_n which_o be_v so_o artificial_o contrive_v that_o the_o best_a artist_n in_o europe_n will_v scarce_o be_v able_a to_o make_v the_o like_a of_o the_o same_o stuff_n be_v a_o common_a reed_n which_o the_o portuguese_n call_v bamboes_n twist_v so_o close_o together_o that_o no_o moisture_n can_v penetrate_v upon_o these_o reed_n the_o chineses_n set_v up_o hut_n and_o little_a house_n of_o board_n and_o other_o light_a material_n in_o which_o they_o live_v with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n as_o if_o they_o have_v their_o dwelling_n upon_o the_o firm_a land_n some_o of_o these_o float_v island_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v at_o least_o 200_o family_n and_o those_o that_o live_v in_o they_o subsist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o commerce_n and_o trafflck_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o commodity_n which_o they_o carry_v from_o place_n to_o place_n upon_o the_o river_n be_v hurry_v down_o with_o the_o stream_n and_o tow_v up_o again_o by_o toilsome_a bargeman_n wherever_o they_o intend_v to_o make_v any_o stay_n they_o fasten_v their_o float_v town_n with_o pole_n fix_v in_o the_o ground_n they_o keep_v and_o feed_v aboard_o their_o island_n all_o manner_n of_o tame_a cattle_n but_o especial_o hog_n wheresoever_o they_o come_v they_o continue_v lie_v for_o some_o month_n before_o they_o remove_v and_o though_o they_o be_v people_n of_o several_a language_n yet_o they_o make_v up_o one_o common_a tongue_n whereby_o they_o understand_v one_o another_o for_o throughout_o all_o china_n there_o be_v several_a dialect_n each_o province_n have_v a_o particular_a one_o yet_o there_o be_v also_o one_o common_a language_n which_o they_o call_v the_o mandorin_n or_o court-tongue_n be_v speak_v here_o both_o by_o the_o grandee_n and_o their_o follower_n after_o some_o hour_n sail_v we_o come_v into_o another_o royal_a channel_n call_v jun_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o yellow_a river_n towards_o the_o west_n through_o the_o whole_a province_n of_o xantung_n we_o be_v to_o pass_v through_o this_o channel_n to_o the_o city_n of_o peking_n the_o province_n of_o xantung_n into_o which_o we_o enter_v be_v much_o enrich_v by_o this_o artificial_a channel_n run_v through_o it_o for_o all_o good_n and_o commodity_n which_o be_v transport_v out_o of_o china_n for_o peking_n must_v pass_v this_o cut._n this_o great_a broad_a and_o navigable_a stream_n begin_v at_o the_o nine_o small_a city_n socien_n upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o yellow_a river_n and_o reach_n to_o the_o city_n cine_v and_o from_o thence_o to_o lince_v there_o break_v into_o the_o river_n guei_n this_o channel_n have_v at_o least_o sixty_o stone_n sluice_n to_o force_v back_o the_o water_n which_o in_o some_o place_n run_v very_o low_a and_o will_v not_o be_v navigable_a be_v it_o not_o for_o these_o water-work_n on_o each_o sluice_n eight_o man_n attend_v to_o help_v through_o with_o the_o vessel_n who_o be_v maintain_v at_o the_o public_a charge_n as_o soon_o as_o we_o come_v into_o this_o channel_n we_o be_v present_o in_o the_o province_n of_o xantung_n and_o upon_o the_o six_o of_o june_n come_v to_o a_o famous_a village_n call_v kiakia_n but_o before_o i_o give_v you_o a_o description_n of_o this_o province_n i_o shall_v continue_v my_o method_n and_o first_o relate_v unto_o you_o the_o confine_n thereof_o and_o the_o number_n of_o great_a and_o small_a city_n etc._n etc._n the_o province_n of_o xantung_n be_v the_o four_o in_o number_n under_o the_o northern_a country_n and_o be_v wash_v on_o the_o south_n east_n and_o north_n by_o the_o sea_n and_o on_o the_o westside_n be_v environ_v with_o river_n insomuch_o that_o you_o may_v come_v by_o ship_n if_o you_o please_v on_o the_o north_n of_o xantung_n lie_v the_o province_n of_o peking_n and_o on_o the_o south_n that_o of_o nank_v separate_v by_o the_o yellow_a river_n the_o remain_a part_n be_v encompass_v with_o the_o channel_n jun_n and_o the_o river_n guei_n this_o part_n produce_v abundance_n of_o corn_n rice_n bean_n etc._n etc._n the_o fruitfulness_n of_o this_o country_n be_v such_o that_o one_o year_n harvest_n as_o they_o say_v supply_v the_o inhabitant_n sufficient_o for_o ten_o year_n with_o provision_n all_o manner_n of_o poultry_n be_v wondrous_a plentiful_a and_o sell_v for_o very_o little_a because_o the_o people_n there_o take_v great_a delight_n in_o hunt_v the_o river_n pool_n and_o other_o water_n abound_v with_o extraordinary_a good_a fish_n which_o you_o may_v have_v for_o a_o very_a small_a price_n i_o myself_o purchase_v ten_o pound_n for_o a_o halfpenny_n the_o country_n produce_v likewise_o store_n of_o silk_n another_o sign_n of_o her_o fertility_n and_o abound_v in_o all_o manner_n of_o fruit-tree_n especial_o prune_n which_o they_o dry_a and_o
carry_v thence_o to_o sell_v in_o other_o province_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v general_o very_o dull_a of_o understanding_n and_o few_o of_o they_o addict_v to_o learning_n but_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o strong_a body_v fit_a to_o undergo_v any_o labour_n the_o child_n do_v not_o only_o go_v naked_a in_o the_o winter_n but_o will_v leap_v into_o the_o cold_a water_n several_n of_o they_o live_v by_o theft_n and_o robbery_n and_o these_o company_n be_v oftentimes_o so_o numerous_a that_o they_o break_v through_o all_o opposition_n whatsoever_o when_o they_o make_v inroad_n to_o plunder_v the_o country_n which_o be_v already_o much_o ruin_v by_o the_o late_a invasion_n in_o this_o whole_a province_n of_o xantung_n lie_v six_o capital_a city_n twenty_o nine_o small_a city_n and_o thirteen_o carrison_n the_o six_o great_a city_n be_v cinan_n yencheu_o tungchang_n cingcheu_o tengcheâ—_n and_o laicheu_fw-la cinan_n command_v over_o thirty_o city_n as_o cinan_n changkieu_o ceup_a chagxan_n sinching_n ciho_n citung_n ciyang_n chihuen_n juch_v liâ—ye_n changce_v fich_a cingch_a ling_n taigan_n siniai_n laivu_o te_o tepe_v pingyven_v vute_v yangsin_n haifung_a lal_v xangho_n pin_n ljoin_n chenhoa_o and_o putahi_n yencheu_o command_v over_o 26_o city_n as_o yencheu_o kioheu_o nivyang_n ceu_fw-la teng_n you_o kiuhiang_n yutai_n tan_o chingvu_o cao_n tingtao_n cine_v kiaciang_n kivye_n kiunch_v tungp_a venxang_v tungpo_n pingyn_n jangco_n xeuchang_n why_o tanch_a fi_n and_o suxui_fw-la tungchang_n command_v over_o eight_o city_n as_o tungchang_n tangye_n popingay_v choangp_a kieu_o sin_n cingp_v ken_n lince_v quontao_n caotang_n gen_n hiacin_n vuce_v po_n fan_n quonching_n and_o chaoch_v cingcheu_o command_v over_o 14_o city_n as_o cingcheu_o linchi_n pohing_n caoyven_v logan_n xeuquang_n changlo_n linkiu_n gankiu_fw-la chuch_v mungin_n kiu_n yxui_fw-la and_o gechao_n tengcheu_o command_v over_o eight_o city_n as_o tengcheu_o hoang_n foxan_n leuhid_n chaoyven_v laiyang_n ninghai_n and_o vemeng_n laicheu_o command_v over_o seven_o city_n as_o laicheu_o pingtu_fw-la vi_n changye_n kiao_n caomi_n and_o gieme_n the_o thirteen_o garrison_n be_v nince_v cinghai_n chingxan_n gueihai_n sanxan_n kixan_n civenxan_n mavan_n siaoye_n haicang_v punglai_n cin_n and_o xechin_n in_o this_o province_n there_o be_v also_o several_a island_n among_o which_o these_o three_o be_v the_o chief_a as_o first_o feuxeu_o which_o lie_v towards_o the_o west_n be_v but_o small_a yet_o exceed_v well_o build_v the_o second_o be_v teuhang_v situate_v in_o the_o sea_n near_o to_o caomy_n this_o island_n be_v very_o famous_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o sad_a accident_n of_o five_o hundred_o chinese_n philosopher_n who_o drown_v themselves_o in_o the_o sea_n because_o the_o emperor_n xuis_n hate_v all_o learned_a man_n as_o mortal_a enemy_n the_o three_o island_n be_v xaumen_n the_o big_a and_o full_a of_o people_n the_o chinese_n accompt-book_n which_o comprehend_v the_o number_n of_o people_n in_o each_o place_n mention_n in_o this_o province_n seven_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o family_n sixty_o seven_o hundred_o fifty_o nine_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o fight_a men._n the_o yearly_a revenue_n of_o the_o province_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n consist_v of_o twenty_o eight_o hundred_o twelve_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o nineteen_o bag_n of_o corn_n fifty_o four_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o and_o nineteen_o roll_n of_o throw_v silk_n fifty_o two_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o forty_o nine_o pound_n of_o cotton_n and_o thirty_o eight_o hundred_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o nineteen_o truss_n of_o straw_n and_o hay_n for_o the_o emperor_n stable_n beside_o several_a toll_v pay_v upon_o the_o royal_a channel_n of_o jun_n which_o amount_v yearly_a to_o ten_o million_o of_o golden_a crown_n this_o village_n kiakia_a lie_v encompass_v with_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a field_n most_o delightful_a to_o behold_v and_o be_v very_o rich_a well_o build_v and_o handsome_o adorn_v with_o indifferent_a large_a structure_n the_o field_n round_o about_o be_v full_a of_o rosemary_n which_o be_v not_o only_o very_o pleasant_a to_o the_o eye_n but_o also_o cast_v a_o fragrant_a smell_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n before_o you_o come_v near_o they_o we_o see_v likewise_o not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n several_a herd_n of_o stag_n and_o buck_n and_o abundance_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o fowl_n especial_o pheasant_n we_o take_v great_a delight_n in_o hunt_v the_o stag_n whereof_o we_o kill_v several_a with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o be_v skilful_a at_o the_o game_n they_o be_v very_o much_o please_v with_o our_o way_n of_o shoot_v pheasant_n fly_v the_o flesh_n of_o these_o deer_n taste_v so_o much_o of_o rosemary_n as_o if_o the_o venison_n be_v season_v with_o the_o sprig_n we_o be_v three_o day_n upon_o this_o channel_n jun_n before_o we_o reach_v any_o other_o considerable_a place_n but_o upon_o the_o eleven_o of_o the_o same_o month_n we_o arrive_v at_o a_o famous_a village_n call_v jax-hinno_a situate_v upon_o the_o royal_a channel_n in_o and_o about_o this_o village_n stand_v 36_o stately_a tower_n build_v rare_o well_o on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o river_n here_o we_o lay_v all_o night_n but_o the_o next_o morning_n set_v sail_n by_o daybreak_n and_o that_o day_n and_o the_o next_o we_o see_v upon_o each_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n great_a store_n of_o good_a corn-ground_n towards_o the_o east_n of_o this_o royal_a channel_n lie_v several_a high_a and_o great_a hill_n whereof_o these_o follow_a be_v the_o chief_a near_o to_o taigan_n the_o sixteen_o small_a city_n of_o cinnan_n appear_v a_o mountain_n call_v tai_n which_o be_v very_o steep_a and_o broad_a the_o chinese_n geographer_n say_v that_o it_o be_v at_o least_o five_o mile_n in_o height_n from_o the_o basis_n to_o the_o crown_n upon_o this_o mountain_n be_v several_a temple_n to_o which_o belong_v great_a store_n of_o priest_n who_o live_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o calvisians_n in_o europe_n not_o far_o from_o laivu_o the_o eighteen_o small_a city_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o this_o place_n arise_v the_o mountain_n tax_n in_o which_o they_o find_v great_a store_n of_o iron_n near_o to_o ciohu_n the_o second_o small_a city_n under_o the_o chief_a city_n yengcheu_o be_v the_o mountain_n call_v fang_n very_o famous_a for_o the_o tomb_n where_o the_o ancestor_n of_o that_o learned_a chinese_n philosopher_n confutius_n lie_v inter_v not_o far_o from_o the_o four_o small_a city_n ceu_fw-la lie_v a_o mountain_n call_v changp_v upon_o which_o as_o the_o chineses_n report_n confutius_n be_v bear_v in_o a_o town_n also_o call_v changp_v the_o ruin_n whereof_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v near_o to_o tunp_v the_o eight_o small_a city_n of_o the_o say_v capital_a city_n stand_v a_o great_a mountain_n call_v fung_n full_a of_o wood_n and_o goodly_a pasture_n upon_o the_o thirteen_o of_o the_o same_o month_n we_o come_v to_o cinningsin_n or_o cine_v the_o fourteen_o small_a city_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o second_o chief_a city_n yengcheu_o in_o this_o cine_v the_o ambassador_n be_v noble_o treat_v in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o governor_n by_o the_o agent_n of_o the_o young_a canton_n viceroy_n he_o be_v go_v from_o home_n to_o order_v the_o make_n of_o a_o fence-work_n against_o the_o break_n in_o of_o the_o yellow_a river_n the_o country_n round_o about_o this_o city_n lie_v low_a and_o plashy_a be_v full_a of_o pool_n and_o river_n which_o abound_v with_o fish_n near_o to_o cao_n the_o twelve_o small_a city_n be_v a_o lake_n call_v lui_o which_o signify_v the_o thunder-pool_n in_o the_o middle_n whereof_o appear_v a_o stone_n represent_v a_o dragon_n with_o the_o head_n of_o a_o man._n the_o chineses_n call_v this_o the_o spirit_n of_o thunder_n and_o affirm_v that_o when_o any_o one_o strike_v upon_o the_o belly_n he_o draw_v a_o hideous_a sound_n from_o the_o monster_n like_o thunder_n near_o to_o the_o three_o small_a city_n nynyang_n which_o be_v likewise_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n yengcheu_o and_o about_o two_o mile_n from_o cine_v run_v a_o small_a river_n call_v tao_n out_o of_o which_o the_o chineses_n report_n that_o the_o great_a philosopher_n confutius_n refuse_v to_o drink_v though_o ready_a to_o die_v of_o thirst_n because_o it_o be_v call_v the_o water_n of_o thief_n so_o great_a a_o aversion_n have_v this_o ethnic_a philosopher_n to_o the_o very_a name_n of_o wicked_a villainy_n and_o robber_n all_o the_o inn_n and_o public_a victualling-house_n have_v their_o fiddler_n and_o comedian_n belong_v to_o they_o to_o recreate_v their_o guest_n at_o meal_n provision_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v very_o cheap_a in_o those_o part_n we_o pay_v but_o two_o shilling_n a_o piece_n for_o our_o dinner_n which_o consist_v of_o several_a dish_n out_o of_o which_o the_o player_n be_v
than_o the_o inland_a water_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o city_n lie_v a_o wooden_a brige_n of_o nine_o arch_n over_o which_o â—ou_n may_v pass_v convenient_o from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o other_o in_o the_o middle_n whereof_o be_v a_o drawbridge_n to_o let_v through_o such_o vessel_n as_o have_v pay_v their_o custom_n the_o city_n be_v well-built_a and_o be_v adorn_v with_o several_a stately_a temple_n it_o lie_v in_o a_o flat_a sandy_a soil_n and_o be_v surround_v with_o a_o earthen_a wall_n the_o top_n whereof_o be_v cover_v with_o stone_n it_o be_v also_o very_o large_a and_o well_o people_v we_o have_v here_o great_a abundance_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fruit_n among_o the_o rest_n some_o well-relished_a pear_n which_o keep_v a_o great_a while_n without_o the_o wall_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o city_n stand_v a_o most_o famous_a temple_n with_o a_o high_a tower_n exceed_v rare_a in_o the_o manner_n of_o building_n you_o climb_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o this_o tower_n by_o a_o pair_n of_o wind_v stair_n which_o be_v not_o build_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o tower_n but_o between_o two_o wall_n the_o fashion_n or_o form_n of_o this_o tower_n consist_v of_o eight_o corner_n and_o nine_o round_n or_o story_n each_o thirteen_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a so_o that_o the_o whole_a height_n of_o the_o tower_n be_v above_o 120_o foot_n and_o according_a to_o the_o height_n a_o proportionable_a thickness_n the_o outward_a wall_n be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o mould_n that_o the_o china_n dish_n be_v of_o and_o full_a of_o fretwork_n the_o wall_n within_o be_v polish_a marble_n of_o several_a colour_n and_o so_o smooth_a that_o you_o may_v see_v your_o face_n as_o in_o a_o mirror_n the_o gallery_n or_o round_n which_o be_v nine_o adorn_v the_o structure_n be_v of_o marble_n cut_v in_o figure_n or_o image_n and_o have_v hang_v at_o their_o corner_n very_o fine_a copper_n bell_n which_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v among_o they_o make_v a_o very_a pleasant_a jingle_a murmur_n the_o light_n or_o window_n belong_v to_o these_o gallery_n be_v full_a of_o gild_a bar_n which_o when_o the_o sun_n shine_v upon_o they_o return_v beam_n as_o bright_a as_o they_o receive_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tower_n stand_v a_o figure_n signify_v the_o goddess_n of_o the_o place_n to_o who_o this_o structure_n be_v dedicate_v this_o image_n be_v make_v of_o plaister-work_n thirty_o foot_n high_a and_o wrought_v with_o gold_n and_o silver_n round_o about_o this_o tower_n stand_v several_a great_a and_o small_a image_n which_o be_v so_o curious_o wrought_v that_o they_o may_v be_v reckon_v among_o the_o great_a curiosity_n in_o china_n pinxenton_n leave_v his_o wife_n and_o child_n in_o this_o city_n of_o lince_a but_o he_o himself_o continue_v the_o voyage_n with_o we_o to_o peking_n here_o also_o die_v one_o of_o our_o trumpeter_n name_v verman_n who_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o idol-temple_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o magistrate_n who_o seldom_o suffer_v any_o stranger_n to_o be_v inter_v in_o their_o hallow_a ground_n have_v get_v through_o the_o river_n jun_n we_o enter_v into_o the_o guei_n which_o divide_v the_o province_n of_o xantung_n from_o peking_n who_o head_n spring_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o gueihoei_n the_o four_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n run_v from_o thence_o with_o many_o meander_n and_o turn_n towards_o the_o east_n betwixt_o the_o province_n of_o xantung_n and_o peking_n disembogue_v into_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n about_o ninety_o mile_n from_o this_o city_n we_o sail_v eastward_o up_o this_o river_n and_o arrive_v upon_o the_o 25._o at_o the_o city_n of_o utin_n which_o be_v account_v the_o fourteen_o small_a city_n of_o the_o great_a tunchang_n thirty_o mile_n from_o lince_a situate_a upon_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o river_n guei_n upon_o the_o utmost_a confine_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xantung_n and_o handsome_o vest_v with_o a_o foursquare_a wall_n upon_o the_o north-side_n of_o it_o be_v large_a suburb_n close_o build_v with_o stately_a house_n the_o great_a edifice_n and_o other_o eminent_a ornament_n of_o this_o city_n be_v all_o ruin_v by_o the_o conquer_a tartar_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n most_o miserable_o abuse_v a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o be_v put_v to_o the_o sword_n and_o other_o carry_v away_o captive_a as_o those_o that_o be_v leave_v relate_v unto_o we_o with_o great_a reluctance_n the_o situation_n seem_v delightful_a be_v pleasant_o vary_v with_o the_o prospect_n both_o of_o hill_n and_o valley_n and_o luxurious_a in_o the_o product_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fruit_n the_o river_n guei_n run_v close_o by_o this_o city_n abound_v with_o fish_n and_o serve_v to_o water_v the_o field_n in_o a_o dry_a season_n to_o the_o great_a increase_n thereof_o i_o find_v myself_o again_o necessitate_v before_o i_o proceed_v in_o my_o relation_n to_o describe_v the_o condition_n confine_n and_o the_o number_n of_o great_a and_o small_a city_n through_o which_o we_o pass_v in_o this_o province_n of_o peking_n peking_n which_o be_v reckon_v the_o first_o of_o the_o fifteen_o province_n exceed_v all_o the_o rest_n in_o dignity_n because_o of_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n where_o the_o emperor_n reside_v at_o present_a and_o from_o whence_o it_o have_v denomination_n for_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n especial_o those_o who_o command_v since_o the_o incarnation_n settle_v their_o abode_n in_o this_o city_n the_o race_n of_o tame_v first_o transfer_v the_o imperial_a court_n from_o nank_v to_o peking_n the_o better_a to_o oppose_v the_o inroad_n of_o the_o tartar_n but_o though_o the_o imperial_a residence_n be_v thus_o remove_v to_o peking_n yet_o to_o this_o day_n the_o court_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o all_o sovereignty_n and_o magistracy_n stand_v firm_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n at_o nank_v as_o at_o peking_n though_o all_o the_o royal_a palace_n be_v total_o destroy_v by_o the_o last_o invasion_n the_o east_n of_o this_o province_n be_v border_v by_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o divide_v the_o island_n corea_n and_o japan_n on_o the_o north-east_n lie_v the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n towards_o the_o north_n the_o great_a tartarian_a wall_n and_o towards_o the_o west_n the_o province_n of_o xangsi_n where_o a_o long_a ridge_n of_o hill_n call_v hengi_n separate_v these_o country_n the_o yellow_a river_n which_o run_v through_o xansi_fw-la part_n this_o province_n towards_o the_o south_n from_o that_o of_o honan_n and_o towards_o the_o southeast_n of_o the_o river_n guei_n unite_v this_o with_o the_o province_n of_o xantung_n and_o though_o this_o province_n of_o peking_n lie_v in_o the_o latitude_n but_o of_o 42_o degree_n yet_o the_o cold_a and_o frost_n be_v so_o great_a and_o intense_a there_o that_o oftentimes_o for_o four_o month_n together_o all_o the_o river_n and_o water_n be_v freeze_v up_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o common_o ride_v their_o horse_n on_o the_o ice_n all_o which_o time_n the_o vessel_n lie_v fast_o freeze_v in_o and_o winter-bound_a the_o frost_n begin_v common_o in_o november_n and_o seldom_o be_v go_v till_o march_n twenty_o four_o hour_n freeze_v up_o all_o which_o be_v not_o thaw_v in_o many_o day_n the_o country_n lie_v low_a but_o be_v dry_a and_o healthful_a though_o very_o barren_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o other_o province_n because_o of_o the_o great_a sandy_a place_n and_o wilderness_n but_o in_o respect_n the_o court_n keep_v there_o and_o so_o draw_v great_a store_n of_o people_n and_o traffic_n this_o natural_a defect_n be_v much_o repair_v this_o place_n produce_v store_n of_o corn_n but_o little_a rice_n which_o the_o courtier_n and_o their_o follower_n devour_v in_o this_o province_n be_v white_a rough_a cat_n not_o unlike_o the_o malteeza_n dog_n with_o long_a ear_n which_o be_v there_o the_o lady_n foisting-hound_n or_o playfellow_n they_o will_v catch_v no_o mouse_n be_v too_o much_o make_v of_o there_o be_v other_o cat_n that_o be_v good_a mouser_n but_o they_o be_v very_o scarce_o and_o have_v in_o great_a esteem_n they_o have_v here_o a_o convenient_a way_n of_o travel_v by_o land_n in_o a_o wagon_n with_o one_o wheel_n which_o only_o hold_v three_o person_n one_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o on_o each_o side_n one_o former_o this_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a part_n and_o have_v particular_a name_n as_o jeu_o ki_n and_o many_o more_o it_o contain_v eight_o capital_a city_n each_o of_o which_o command_v over_o several_a small_a one_o insomuch_o that_o one_o capital_a city_n alone_o with_o the_o lesser_a under_o its_o jurisdiction_n be_v in_o effect_n a_o whole_a province_n they_o reckon_v in_o this_o province_n a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o five_o city_n great_a and_o small_a which_o be_v wall_v and_o fence_v for_o the_o number_n of_o the_o
undefended_a be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o chinese_n themselves_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o they_o in_o their_o map_n neither_o be_v they_o number_v by_o they_o the_o eight_o great_a city_n be_v xuntien_n or_o peking_n paot_v hokien_n chint_v xunte_n quanp_v tame_v and_o jungp_v xuntien_n or_o peking_n the_o imperial_a city_n and_o where_o at_o present_a the_o great_a cham_n keep_v his_o court_n command_v over_o 26_o city_n and_o prescribe_v they_o their_o law_n as_o xuntien_n xuny_n chanp_v leanghiang_n mieyun_n hoatjo_n kugan_n jungce_v tungan_n hiangho_n tung_n sanho_n vuce_v paoti_n cho_n fangxan_n pa_n vengan_n tach_n poot_v ki_n jatien_n fungjung_a cunhoa_o pingko_n and_o que._n among_o these_o tung_n cho_n pa_n and_o ki_v be_v the_o chief_a and_o may_v be_v compare_v with_o capital_a city_n for_o bigness_n and_o magnificence_n paot_v command_v over_o 20_o small_a city_n as_o paot_v muonch_a ganso_n tingh_v sinch_a thank_fw-mi poye_fw-fr kingtu_fw-fr jungch_v huon_n ly_n hiung_a khi_fw-la kince_n tunglo_n begin_v caoyang_n singan_n you_o and_o laixui_fw-la hokien_fw-mi command_v over_o 18_o city_n as_o hokien_n hien_n neuch_v son_a gnikien_n kiacho_fw-it ce_v hingci_n cinghai_n ningcin_n king_n ukiao_n tungquang_n kuch_v cang_v nanpi_n jenxan_n and_o kingyun_n among_o which_o cang_n be_v the_o chief_a chint_v command_v over_o 32_o city_n as_o chint_v chink_a hoclo_n lungxeu_o khoch_v loch_a vukie_n pingxan_n heup_v ting_n snilo_n kioyang_n hintang_n ki_n nancung_n sinho_n caokiang_n vuye_n cyn_n gang_v jaoyang_n vukiang_n chaos_n pohiang_n lungp_v caoye_n lince_a ganboang_v ningcin_n xui_o hengxui_fw-la and_o yuenxi_fw-la among_o these_o ting_n chaos_n and_o xin_o be_v the_o chief_a xunte_n command_v over_o nine_o city_n as_o xunte_v xabo_n nanbo_n pinghiang_n quangcung_n kiulo_n thangxan_n ninkieu_o and_o gin._n quanp_v command_v likewise_o over_o nine_o city_n as_o quanp_v kiocheu_o fihiang_n kioe_v hantan_o quanpung_a chinggan_n guei_n and_o cingho_n tame_v command_v over_o eleven_o city_n as_o tame_v yam_a nanlo_n guei_n cingfung_a nuihoang_v siun_z hoa_o caiazzo_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o eleven_o changyven_v and_o tungm_v jungp_v command_v over_o six_o city_n as_o jungp_v ciengan_n vuning_n changly_n lo_n and_o lotung_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v three_o city_n more_o as_o yenp_v junp_a and_o paogan_n which_o be_v situate_a upon_o very_o advantageous_a place_n and_o be_v build_v to_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o the_o tartar_n when_o they_o shall_v march_v beyond_o the_o wall_n in_o this_o province_n be_v fourteen_o garrison_n which_o be_v chief_o contrive_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o wall_n the_o name_n whereof_o be_v these_o siven_fw-mi vansve_v hoaigan_n caip_v cungnuen_n change_v begin_v chech_v juncheu_o vunin_n thou_o jungp_v xangas_n and_o tiencin_n the_o chinese_n register_n wherein_o the_o number_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o province_n be_v set_v down_o make_v mention_n of_o four_o hundred_o eighty_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o eighty_o nine_o family_n and_o thirty_o four_o hundred_o fifty_o two_o thousand_o two_o hunered_a and_o fifty_o four_o fight_a men._n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o province_n pay_v yearly_o to_o the_o emperor_n consist_v of_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o eleven_o hundred_o fifty_o three_o sack_n of_o salt_n rice_n and_o corn_n two_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o four_o pound_n of_o unwrought_a fine_a flax_n forty_o five_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o five_o pound_n of_o wrought_a silk_n thirteen_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o forty_o eight_o pound_n of_o cotton_n one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o weight_n of_o salt_n eighty_o seven_o hundred_o thirty_o seven_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o four_o truss_n of_o hay_n or_o straw_n beside_o several_a other_o tax_n which_o be_v pay_v in_o money_n upon_o the_o 26._o of_o june_n we_o come_v to_o kuch_v the_o first_o place_n we_o come_v at_o in_o this_o province_n of_o peking_n and_o the_o fourteen_o small_a city_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o three_o chief_a city_n of_o hokien_n in_o the_o province_n of_o peking_n this_o city_n which_o we_o find_v situate_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n guei_n lie_v about_o twenty_o three_o mile_n from_o vuch_v in_o a_o even_a and_o flat_a country_n yet_o very_o delightful_a in_o prospect_n her_o wall_n be_v high_a well_o build_v and_o abound_v in_o people_n and_o trade_n her_o suburb_n very_o magnificent_a we_o make_v no_o stay_n here_o but_o hasten_v on_o towards_o peking_n and_o by_o the_o way_n we_o see_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n guei_n whole_a field_n full_a of_o tree_n upon_o with_o the_o cotton-wooll_n grow_v which_o occasion_n a_o mighty_a trade_n in_o the_o adjacent_a part_n upon_o the_o 28._o we_o come_v to_o tacheu_o which_o some_o call_v ukiao_n account_v the_o twelve_o small_a city_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o same_o hâ—kien_fw-fr lie_v about_o eighteen_o mile_n from_o kuch_v situate_a on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n and_o surround_v with_o a_o wall_n of_o thirty_o foot_n high_a strengthen_v with_o bulwark_n and_o watch-tower_n well_o build_v and_o adorn_v with_o several_a temple_n have_v also_o a_o large_a suburb_n which_o reach_v far_o upon_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n in_o this_o city_n be_v the_o staple_n of_o the_o drink_n zamsou_n make_v of_o rice_n and_o drink_v in_o stead_n of_o wine_n the_o inhabitant_n export_v this_o liquor_n through_o all_o part_n of_o china_n which_o occasion_n a_o great_a commerce_n in_o this_o place_n for_o both_o tartar_n and_o chinese_n come_v with_o their_o vessel_n far_o and_o near_o to_o be_v freight_v with_o this_o drink_n which_o they_o afterward_o transport_v to_o other_o place_n the_o chineses_n tell_v we_o that_o about_o ten_o mile_n from_o this_o tacheu_fw-la near_o to_o the_o second_o small_a city_n call_v hien_n be_v a_o pool_n call_v vo_o who_o water_n turn_v as_o red_a as_o blood_n if_o you_o fling_v a_o stick_n into_o it_o and_o that_o from_o the_o leave_n which_o fall_v from_o those_o tree_n which_o grow_v about_o this_o lake_n come_v forth_o immediate_o live_v swallow_n upon_o the_o 28._o of_o june_n we_o sail_v by_o tonquam_fw-la with_o fair_a wind_n and_o wether_n it_o lie_v likewise_o upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n guei_n about_o a_o musquet-shot_a from_o the_o stream_n and_o be_v account_v the_o thirteen_o small_a city_n under_o the_o chief_a city_n hokien_n this_o place_n a_o privilege_n not_o grant_v to_o any_o other_o have_v a_o guard_n only_o of_o chineses_n build_v as_o the_o rest_n square_a and_o fence_v with_o a_o thick_a and_o strong_a wall_n encompass_v also_o with_o a_o deep_a and_o broad_a moat_n or_o trench_n the_o field_n near_o the_o town_n be_v curious_o plant_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o fruit_n tree_n the_o adjacent_a country_n of_o this_o as_o also_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n hokien_n within_o which_o jurisdiction_n this_o tonquam_fw-la be_v situate_a lie_v flat_a and_o much_o upon_o a_o clay_n towards_o the_o east_n lie_v large_a and_o flat_a field_n be_v wash_v by_o the_o great_a indian_a sea_n from_o whence_o be_v continual_o fetch_v great_a store_n of_o salt_n upon_o the_o desire_n of_o pinxenton_n the_o ambassador_n send_v i_o and_o some_o other_o of_o their_o follower_n with_o twelve_o tartar_n soldier_n into_o the_o city_n to_o see_v a_o lion_n make_v of_o iron_n which_o they_o report_v to_o be_v extraordinary_a large_a and_o terrible_a stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o marketplace_n but_o the_o chinese_n when_o they_o see_v we_o come_v shut_v their_o gate_n upon_o we_o and_o hide_v themselves_o in_o their_o house_n be_v strike_v with_o terror_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o hollander_n so_o that_o we_o be_v necessitate_v to_o return_v back_o to_o our_o vessel_n without_o enter_v into_o the_o city_n pinxenton_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o chineses_n tell_v we_o of_o several_a other_o strange_a thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o this_o city_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o unwillingness_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o give_v we_o entrance_n i_o see_v none_o of_o they_o and_o so_o can_v only_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o outward_a structure_n of_o the_o same_o as_o it_o lay_v vest_v with_o large_a wall_n upon_o the_o second_o of_o july_n we_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n before_o the_o city_n of_o sanglo_n about_o fifty_o five_o mile_n from_o tonquam_fw-la upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n guei_n this_o city_n lie_v a_o little_a distant_a from_o the_o river_n and_o have_v very_o brave_a suburb_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o bank_n which_o be_v well_o build_v and_o full_a of_o people_n and_o trade_n here_o dwell_v a_o great_a number_n of_o tartar_n and_o of_o a_o more_o considerable_a quality_n than_o any_o we_o find_v in_o our_o whole_a voyage_n who_o no_o soon_o hear_v of_o our_o arrival_n but_o they_o immediate_o
account_n or_o the_o last_o month_n of_o the_o year_n according_a to_o that_o of_o the_o tartar_n they_o ask_v moreover_o whether_o the_o netherlands_n government_n have_v last_v 1655_o year_n and_o if_o it_o begin_v at_o that_o time_n the_o ambassador_n make_v answer_v that_o holland_n from_o that_o time_n to_o this_o have_v be_v always_o inhabit_a and_o govern_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o people_n and_o that_o the_o number_n of_o those_o year_n only_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n bear_v at_o that_o time_n hereupon_o 〈◊〉_d depart_v take_v the_o credential_n with_o they_o without_o speak_v one_o word_n the_o emperor_n be_v thorough_o inform_v concern_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o hollander_n send_v upon_o the_o 31._o of_o july_n a_o mandatory_a letter_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o his_o council_n wherein_o he_o declare_v that_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n do_v admit_v of_o the_o ambassador_n as_o such_o and_o will_v give_v they_o audience_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o can_v sit_v in_o his_o new_a court_n upon_o his_o throne_n and_o after_o his_o majesty_n have_v cause_v the_o credential_n of_o the_o ambassador_n to_o be_v once_o more_o translate_v by_o schaliger_n the_o jesuit_n and_o read_v unto_o he_o by_o some_o of_o his_o chief_a councillor_n he_o seem_v so_o well_o please_v therewith_o that_o he_o send_v a_o second_o summons_n to_o his_o council_n to_o be_v assist_v and_o serviceable_a to_o the_o ambassador_n during_o their_o abode_n in_o his_o empire_n the_o first_o of_o these_o letter_n or_o order_n be_v as_o follow_v great_a and_o worthy_a lypeos_n counsellor_n the_o holland_n ambassador_n be_v come_v hither_o with_o their_o present_n to_o congratulate_v the_o emperor_n and_o to_o show_v their_o obedience_n unto_o he_o which_o be_v never_o do_v to_o this_o crown_n before_o and_o because_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o accept_v of_o they_o as_o ambassador_n and_o have_v promise_v they_o that_o they_o whensoever_o i_o shall_v be_v seat_v upon_o my_o throne_n in_o my_o new_a palace_n shall_v be_v bring_v before_o i_o to_o do_v their_o obeisance_n that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v well_o receive_v and_o upon_o their_o request_n obtain_v a_o favourable_a answer_n in_o order_n to_o their_o return_n the_o more_o because_o they_o be_v come_v from_o a_o far_o and_o remote_a country_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n will_v be_v able_a to_o spread_v the_o fame_n and_o renown_n of_o my_o person_n and_o empire_n therefore_o we_o think_v fit_a not_o to_o deny_v or_o refuse_v any_o thing_n to_o such_o foreign_a people_n who_o be_v come_v such_o a_o long_a voyage_n from_o the_o furthermost_a part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o in_o reason_n they_o can_v desire_v of_o we_o the_o second_o letter_n be_v almost_o verbatim_o as_o the_o former_a to_o quicken_v his_o minister_n of_o state_n to_o dispatch_v they_o with_o a_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o their_o proposal_n the_o chancellor_n hereupon_o desire_v to_o know_v of_o the_o ambassador_n whether_o the_o hollander_n can_v not_o send_v every_o year_n to_o peking_n or_o at_o least_o every_o second_o or_o three_o year_n to_o do_v obedience_n to_o the_o emperor_n to_o this_o they_o answer_v that_o for_o the_o more_o certainty_n they_o can_v better_o make_v address_n every_o five_o year_n at_o peking_n desire_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n that_o they_o may_v come_v annual_o with_o four_o ship_n to_o canton_n to_o trade_n there_o afterward_o the_o chancellor_n summon_v the_o tartar_n and_o china_n council_n together_o to_o consider_v of_o the_o proposal_n of_o the_o hollander_n allege_v he_o be_v precedent_n that_o they_o ought_v to_o give_v they_o leave_v every_o five_o year_n to_o come_v and_o salute_v the_o emperor_n most_o of_o the_o tartar_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n but_o the_o chineses_n seem_v outward_o willing_a to_o show_v far_o great_a favour_n to_o the_o hollander_n namely_o that_o they_o shall_v come_v but_o once_o every_o nine_o year_n to_o peking_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vast_a distance_n from_o batavia_n to_o the_o imperial_a city_n but_o herein_o they_o think_v to_o have_v out-witted_n the_o tartar_n for_o they_o understand_v that_o the_o hollander_n be_v not_o to_o be_v permit_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o trade_n at_o canton_n they_o propose_v also_o to_o the_o assembly_n whether_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o hollander_n the_o english_a may_v not_o likewise_o appear_v who_o about_o thirty_o year_n since_o come_v with_o four_o ship_n into_o the_o harbour_n of_o heytamon_n where_o they_o take_v away_o four_o vessel_n lade_v with_o salt_n the_o mandorin_n prisoner_n and_o shoot_v down_o a_o fort_n commit_v several_a other_o violence_n for_o which_o from_o that_o time_n they_o be_v hold_v and_o declare_v enemy_n of_o the_o empire_n therefore_o they_o shall_v be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o integrity_n of_o the_o hollander_n before_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o trade_n in_o china_n for_o bâ—â—â—de_v that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n to_o let_v they_o have_v a_o free_a trade_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o their_o credential_n that_o any_o such_o thing_n be_v desire_v so_o that_o they_o conclude_v they_o have_v exceed_v their_o order_n the_o ambassador_n be_v not_o a_o little_a surprise_v at_o these_o proceed_n of_o the_o council_n for_o they_o understand_v no_o otherwise_o but_o that_o the_o emperor_n have_v according_a to_o the_o content_n of_o the_o second_o mandatory_a letter_n former_o procure_v by_o the_o viceroy_n of_o canton_n full_o agree_v to_o the_o request_n of_o the_o hollander_n concern_v a_o free_a trade_n in_o canton_n and_o that_o they_o be_v only_o thereupon_o to_o go_v and_o return_v their_o thanks_o to_o his_o majesty_n at_o peking_n the_o ambassador_n be_v well_o enough_o inform_v of_o the_o design_n and_o practice_n of_o father_n adam_n and_o some_o other_o jesuit_n who_o have_v live_v there_o for_o some_o year_n and_o have_v be_v bribe_v underhand_o by_o the_o portuguese_n to_o oppose_v the_o hollander_n in_o this_o their_o design_n of_o free_a commerce_n in_o china_n therefore_o they_o endeavour_v to_o persuade_v the_o tartar_n that_o the_o hollander_n under_o colour_n and_o pretence_n of_o merchandize_v design_v nothing_o less_o than_o to_o get_v foot_v in_o their_o country_n and_o then_o to_o make_v use_n of_o all_o opportunity_n to_o plunder_n and_o carry_v away_o whatsoever_o be_v portable_a the_o ambassador_n be_v also_o inform_v that_o these_o jesuit_n have_v likewise_o persuade_v the_o council_n that_o maccao_n will_v be_v utter_o ruin_v and_o impoverish_v by_o such_o a_o trade_n and_o withal_o that_o they_o have_v tell_v the_o tartar_n to_o make_v they_o the_o more_o averse_a to_o the_o hollander_n that_o they_o be_v a_o people_n make_v up_o of_o several_a nation_n without_o any_o habitation_n and_o only_o subsist_v upon_o what_o they_o get_v by_o piracy_n at_o sea_n but_o that_o which_o most_o of_o all_o surprise_v the_o ambassador_n be_v to_o find_v themselves_o deceive_v of_o their_o money_n by_o the_o canton_n vice-roys_n unto_o who_o they_o have_v pay_v thirty_o five_o hundred_o toel_n of_o silver_n which_o sum_n the_o vice-roys_n promise_v to_o pay_v the_o chancellor_n and_o some_o other_o of_o his_o majesty_n council_n to_o procure_v their_o favour_n and_o assistance_n for_o a_o dispatch_n of_o their_o business_n now_o perceive_v that_o they_o be_v trepan_v by_o the_o vice-roys_n they_o be_v force_v to_o consider_v of_o some_o other_o way_n to_o obtain_v their_o purpose_n wherefore_o they_o first_o think_v good_a to_o propose_v to_o the_o council_n the_o point_n of_o come_v to_o trade_n yearly_o at_o canton_n and_o to_o endeavour_v to_o effect_v the_o same_o afterward_o the_o ambassador_n send_v the_o mandorin_n of_o the_o old_a canton_n viceroy_n to_o the_o prime_a chancellor_n to_o enctreat_v he_o to_o stay_v so_o long_o in_o peking_n till_o his_o majesty_n shall_v be_v full_o assure_v that_o they_o be_v hollander_n and_o no_o other_o they_o likewise_o desire_v of_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o council_n that_o they_o will_v favour_v they_o with_o some_o token_n or_o emblem_n cut_v in_o brass_n to_o seal_v therewith_o all_o the_o passport_n of_o their_o ship_n which_o shall_v distinguish_v they_o from_o any_o other_o nation_n and_o empower_v they_o either_o to_o pass_v by_o or_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n upon_o their_o coast._n at_o last_o they_o propose_v to_o the_o council_n that_o they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o admit_v of_o the_o hollander_n to_o live_v converse_v and_o trade_n in_o china_n as_o their_o own_o subject_n pay_v the_o usual_a duty_n and_o imposition_n as_o have_v be_v former_o grant_v to_o those_o of_o lieugiow_n amiam_fw-la and_o siam_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a chinese_n law_n add_v far_o that_o if_o they_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o
other_o of_o the_o court_n in_o very_o rich_a habit_n to_o our_o lodging_n about_o two_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n with_o lantern_n to_o conduct_v the_o ambassador_n who_o be_v only_o attend_v by_o six_o of_o their_o follower_n the_o rest_n be_v order_v to_o stay_v at_o home_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o court_n they_o be_v first_o conduct_v through_o the_o outward_a gate_n and_o afterward_o over_o a_o quadrangle_n with_o a_o well-built_a gate_n and_o place_v upon_o the_o second_o plain_n of_o the_o court_n where_o we_o sit_v all_o night_n in_o the_o open_a air_n upon_o the_o bare_a stone_n till_o morning_n when_o his_o majesty_n be_v to_o appear_v upon_o his_o throne_n we_o be_v no_o soon_o seat_v but_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n accompany_v with_o five_o person_n of_o honour_n and_o about_o twenty_o servant_n come_v and_o place_v himself_o next_o to_o our_o ambassador_n as_o do_v also_o the_o ambassador_n of_o lammas_n and_o suytadsen_n next_o to_o who_o also_o sit_v several_a great_a lord_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o because_o we_o be_v to_o continue_v in_o this_o posture_n all_o night_n in_o expectation_n of_o his_o majesty_n appearance_n in_o the_o morning_n early_o upon_o his_o throne_n i_o shall_v defer_v a_o while_n acquaint_v the_o reader_n with_o what_o pass_v upon_o that_o most_o glorious_a day_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n give_v you_o a_o description_n of_o the_o foreign_a ambassador_n who_o be_v also_o with_o we_o in_o this_o emperor_n court._n the_o ambassador_n of_o suytadsen_n who_o may_v be_v proper_o call_v south-tartar_n deserve_v here_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a place_n be_v he_o be_v most_o in_o esteem_n in_o this_o court_n and_o prefer_v before_o the_o rest_n i_o can_v not_o certain_o learn_v his_o business_n but_o only_o as_o they_o tell_v i_o by_o guess_n that_o the_o king_n of_o suytadsen_n send_v he_o with_o present_n to_o the_o great_a cham_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n the_o frontier_n people_n and_o borderer_n use_v to_o pay_v such_o homage_n to_o this_o their_o grand_a lord_n the_o mogul_n ambassador_n of_o who_o business_n and_o request_n we_o have_v already_o make_v mention_n have_v a_o very_a rich_a blue_a silk_n coat_n on_o so_o rich_o embroider_v that_o it_o look_v like_o massy_a beat_a gold_n which_o hang_v down_o almost_o to_o his_o knee_n be_v gird_v about_o his_o waste_n with_o a_o silk_n girdle_n with_o great_a rich_a tassel_n at_o both_o end_n he_o wear_v neat_a buskin_n of_o turkey_n leather_n and_o a_o large_a turban_n of_o several_a colour_n the_o empire_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n who_o have_v send_v this_o ambassador_n to_o the_o great_a cham_n comprehend_v proper_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o east-india_n or_o the_o country_n situate_v between_o mount_n caucasus_n now_o call_v delauguer_n and_o the_o sea_n beetweeâ—_n the_o river_n ganges_n and_o indus_n this_o empire_n call_v mogol_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o tartar_a king_n who_o former_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o and_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a kingdom_n though_o some_o of_o they_o belong_v to_o other_o prince_n the_o chief_a kingdom_n over_o which_o the_o great_a mogul_n proper_o command_v be_v cambaya_n dely_n sanque_fw-la mandro_n and_o bengala_n this_o great_a prince_n common_o keep_v his_o court_n in_o the_o city_n of_o dely._n all_o the_o country_n over_o which_o the_o great_a mogul_n command_v be_v very_o fruitful_a in_o the_o product_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o cattle_n and_o fruit_n as_o rice_n corn_n wax_n silk_n sugar_n and_o cotton_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o spice_n which_o be_v bring_v from_o thence_o in_o great_a abundance_n upon_o the_o mountain_n be_v find_v the_o onyx_n stone_n diamond_n and_o other_o precious_a gem_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o certain_a that_o this_o great_a mogul_n can_v bring_v into_o the_o field_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n three_o hundred_o thousand_o fight_a man_n and_o five_o thousand_o elephant_n most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v mahumetan_n and_o other_o idolater_n in_o those_o part_n there_o be_v also_o abundance_n of_o jew_n who_o drive_v a_o subtle_a trade_n among_o they_o and_o some_o abyssine_n christian_n allure_v thither_o by_o a_o profitable_a commerce_n the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o lammas_n be_v clothe_v in_o yellow_a his_o hat_n much_o like_o a_o cardinal_n with_o broad_a brim_n at_o his_o side_n hang_v a_o crucifix_n which_o these_o churchman_n common_o carry_v about_o with_o they_o by_o which_o they_o say_v their_o devotion_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_a catholic_n those_o of_o lammas_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o religious_a people_n who_o have_v live_v a_o long_a time_n in_o china_n but_o the_o last_o emperor_n of_o china_n before_o the_o tartar_n conquer_v it_o have_v banish_v they_o his_o country_n from_o whence_o they_o go_v and_o settle_v themselves_o in_o tartary_n where_o they_o have_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n now_o these_o banish_a people_n have_v send_v this_o ambassador_n to_o the_o great_a cham_n with_o request_n that_o they_o may_v have_v leave_n to_o return_v and_o exercise_v their_o devotion_n as_o former_o what_o success_n he_o have_v in_o his_o business_n i_o can_v not_o learn_v but_o his_o reception_n at_o the_o emperor_n court_n be_v very_o friendly_a and_o civil_a now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o relate_v what_o pass_v during_o our_o stay_n in_o the_o emperor_n palace_n at_o the_o ourt-gate_n in_o which_o we_o sit_v expect_v the_o dawn_n we_o see_v first_o three_o black_a elephant_n gallant_o adorn_v after_o the_o chinese_n manner_n stand_v there_o for_o the_o great_a state_n as_o sentinel_n they_o have_v well_o gird_v upon_o their_o back_n gild_v tower_n artificial_o build_v and_o beautify_v with_o carve_v work_n and_o figure_n the_o concourse_n of_o people_n be_v here_o so_o great_a as_o if_o the_o whole_a city_n have_v be_v throng_v together_o in_o this_o one_o place_n the_o gate_n be_v also_o keep_v with_o a_o incredible_a number_n of_o the_o emperor_n lifeguard_n all_o of_o they_o in_o very_o rich_a habit_n after_o the_o tartar_n fashion_n by_o daybreak_n all_o the_o grandee_n who_o likewise_o repair_v thither_o over_o night_n come_v gaze_v and_o look_v upon_o we_o with_o great_a admiration_n as_o if_o we_o have_v be_v some_o strange_a africa_a monster_n but_o they_o demean_v themselves_o very_o civil_o without_o give_v we_o the_o least_o affront_n about_o a_o hour_n after_o a_o sign_n be_v give_v at_o which_o all_o start_v up_o on_o the_o sudden_a as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v a_o alarm_n when_o the_o two_o tartar_n lord_n who_o usual_o be_v send_v to_o the_o ambassador_n come_v and_o conduct_v they_o with_o their_o follower_n through_o another_o gate_n into_o a_o second_o court-yard_n guard_v round_o with_o tartar_n soldier_n and_o courtier_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o a_o three_o court_n which_o be_v the_o innermost_a where_o the_o house_n of_o the_o emperor_n throne_n stand_v and_o the_o lodging_n for_o the_o great_a cham_n his_o wife_n and_o child_n this_o court_n which_o contain_v four_o hundred_o pace_n in_o the_o square_a be_v line_v on_o all_o side_n with_o a_o strong_a guard_n all_o of_o they_o in_o rich_a coat_n of_o crimson-coloured_a satin_n on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o throne_n stand_v a_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o soldier_n each_z whereof_o bear_v a_o several_a flag_n and_o likewise_o wear_v colour_v habit_n suitable_a to_o his_o ensign_n only_o they_o have_v all_o black_a hat_n with_o yellow_a feather_n next_o to_o the_o emperor_n throne_n stand_v twenty_o two_o gentleman_n each_o with_o a_o rich_a yellow_a screen_n or_o umbrello_n in_o his_o hand_n resemble_v the_o sun_n next_o to_o these_o stand_v ten_o other_o person_n each_o hold_v a_o gilt_n radiant_a circle_n in_o his_o hand_n resemble_v the_o sun_n next_o to_o these_o stand_v six_o other_o with_o circle_n imitate_v the_o moon_n at_o the_o full_a after_o these_o be_v stand_v sixteen_o other_o person_n with_o half-pike_n or_o pole_n in_o their_o hand_n hang_v full_a of_o silk_n tassel_n of_o several_a colour_n near_o to_o these_o stand_v thirty_o six_o more_o each_o hold_v a_o standard_n curious_o adorn_v with_o dragon_n the_o emperor_n coat_n of_o arm_n and_o other_o such_o monster_n after_o the_o chinese_n fashion_n in_o this_o manner_n be_v both_o side_n of_o the_o emperor_n throne_n guard_v and_o adorn_v beside_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o courtier_n all_o of_o they_o in_o very_o rich_a habit_n of_o one_o colour_n and_o silk_n as_o if_o a_o livery_n which_o add_v very_o much_o to_o to_o the_o splendour_n of_o the_o place_n before_o the_o step_v lead_v to_o the_o emperor_n throne_n stand_v on_o each_o side_n six_o snow-white_a horse_n most_o curious_o adorn_v with_o rich_a embroider_v trappings_o and_o bridle_v beset_v with_o pearl_n ruby_n and_o other_o precious_a
chief_a gate_n which_o make_v twelve_o in_o the_o whole_a and_o next_o to_o each_o of_o these_o stand_v a_o most_o stately_a edifice_n wherein_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o city_n be_v preserve_v the_o street_n run_v so_o straight_o that_o you_o may_v see_v quite_o through_o the_o city_n from_o one_o gate_n to_o another_o and_o build_v on_o both_o side_n with_o brave_a large_a house_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o city_n stand_v a_o most_o noble_a idol-temple_n wherein_o hang_v a_o very_a large_a bell_n which_o they_o ring_v three_o time_n in_o a_o evening_n after_o which_o no_o body_n be_v to_o go_v out_o of_o his_o house_n till_o the_o next_o morning_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o the_o sick_a or_o to_o visit_v their_o friend_n and_o whosoever_o go_v out_o after_o the_o bell_n have_v ring_v must_v take_v a_o light_n with_o he_o each_o gate_n be_v watch_v by_o a_o thousand_o soldier_n not_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o a_o enemy_n but_o against_o thief_n and_o rogue_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a about_o this_o city_n the_o ambassador_n have_v take_v their_o leaf_n of_o all_o the_o grandee_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o rix-council_n depart_v out_o of_o this_o famous_a imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n and_o be_v come_v without_o the_o gate_n thereof_o they_o make_v a_o halt_n to_o stay_v for_o some_o of_o the_o wagon_n that_o be_v behind_o by_o which_o mean_v i_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o take_v a_o further_a view_n thereof_o how_o the_o same_o be_v situate_a and_o how_o that_o famous_a and_o far_o renown_v wall_n do_v separate_v tartary_n and_o china_n and_o take_v its_o course_n quite_o through_o the_o mountain_n a_o true_a description_n whereof_o i_o here_o give_v you_o so_o far_o do_v this_o wall_n reach_v from_o east_n to_o west_n that_o it_o take_v in_o four_o province_n as_o leaotung_v peking_n xansi_fw-la and_o xensi_fw-la it_o contain_v three_o hundred_o dutch_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o begin_v at_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v situate_a between_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n and_o the_o hang_a island_n of_o corea_n where_o the_o river_n yalo_n flow_v out_o of_o the_o eastern_a tartary_n from_o thence_o it_o reach_v towards_o the_o west_n to_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o city_n kin_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la near_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o yellow_a river_n it_o run_v quite_o through_o in_o a_o direct_a line_n but_o have_v turn_n and_o wind_n in_o some_o place_n yet_o be_v no_o where_o break_v off_o or_o part_v only_o near_a to_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la lie_v a_o very_a high_a mountain_n which_o make_v a_o separation_n in_o the_o wall_n to_o give_v way_n to_o this_o mountain_n also_o where_o it_o give_v passage_n to_o the_o yellow_a river_n it_o have_v a_o breach_n for_o so_o much_o space_n but_o for_o other_o small_a river_n they_o run_v through_o the_o wall_n without_o any_o separation_n by_o arch_n and_o sluice_n otherwise_o it_o be_v every_o where_o alike_o it_o be_v about_o thirty_o cubit_n or_o forty_o five_o foot_n high_a and_o some_o fifteen_o cubit_n broad_a several_a strong_a watch-tower_n be_v build_v upon_o this_o wall_n which_o stand_v at_o a_o distance_n from_o each_o other_o and_o be_v former_o guard_v by_o soldier_n heretofore_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n as_o also_o at_o present_a the_o great_a cham_n maintain_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o wall_n and_o against_o the_o inroad_n of_o the_o tartar_n ten_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n who_o keep_v watch_n day_n and_o night_n by_o turn_n in_o the_o say_a watch-tower_n the_o building_n of_o this_o wall_n be_v begin_v under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o emperor_n chius_n who_o be_v a_o brave_a prince_n and_o do_v many_o great_a and_o noble_a deed_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o war_n there_o be_v never_o any_o chinese_n emperor_n before_z nor_o since_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o he_o when_o this_o emperor_n have_v conquer_v the_o race_n of_o cheva_n and_o have_v bring_v all_o china_n under_o his_o subjection_n he_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n be_v before_o but_o a_o petty_a king_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o throne_n he_o cause_v this_o wall_n to_o be_v build_v have_v conquer_v the_o tartar_n the_o irreconcilable_a enemy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n to_o hinder_v and_o prevent_v by_o that_o mean_v their_o inroad_n into_o the_o kingdom_n this_o great_a work_n be_v begin_v by_o he_o in_o the_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n two_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n birth_n about_o which_o he_o employ_v so_o great_a number_n of_o workman_n that_o it_o be_v finish_v in_o five_o year_n through_o all_o china_n the_o emperor_n command_v three_o man_n out_o of_o â—en_n to_o work_v upon_o this_o wall_n which_o be_v so_o well_o build_v and_o so_o strong_a that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o crack_n in_o it_o this_o wall_n be_v admirable_a not_o only_o for_o the_o length_n and_o breadth_n but_o in_o regard_n of_o its_o durableness_n have_v last_v for_o so_o many_o age_n without_o alteration_n be_v as_o entire_a as_o when_o it_o be_v first_o build_v after_o some_o short_a stay_n without_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n we_o get_v all_o our_o carriage_n together_o and_o then_o begin_v our_o journey_n back_o with_o all_o our_o follower_n by_o the_o same_o way_n we_o come_v we_o lodge_v that_o night_n in_o a_o village_n call_v pekinsin_n and_o the_o next_o day_n pass_v by_o the_o city_n of_o tongsiou_n and_o in_o the_o afternoon_n come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o sancianwey_n where_o the_o emperor_n vessel_n be_v still_o lie_v which_o bring_v we_o from_o nank_v expect_v our_o come_n the_o skipper_n come_v to_o meet_v the_o ambassador_n to_o bid_v they_o welcome_a and_o help_v carry_v our_o good_n aboard_o but_o the_o mandorin_n who_o the_o emperor_n have_v order_v to_o wait_v upon_o we_o to_o conduct_v we_o to_o canton_n will_v not_o suffer_v the_o ambassador_n to_o embark_v in_o those_o vessel_n but_o in_o other_o which_o be_v provide_v by_o order_n of_o the_o emperor_n these_o vessel_n they_o call_v jonken_a and_o be_v very_o large_a have_v several_a convenience_n but_o lay_v so_o low_a and_o sluggish_a upon_o the_o water_n that_o they_o dare_v not_o venture_v themselves_o in_o they_o lest_o they_o shall_v not_o arrive_v at_o canton_n soon_o enough_o but_o be_v force_v to_o winter_n there_o therefore_o the_o ambassador_n to_o make_v no_o difference_n or_o hatred_n between_o the_o mandorin_n and_o our_o old_a skipper_n take_v neither_o the_o new_a jonkens_n nor_o their_o old_a ship_n but_o hire_v small_a vessel_n to_o make_v the_o more_o speed_n and_o have_v take_v order_n about_o our_o business_n and_o ship_v our_o good_n we_o set_v sail_n again_o from_o this_o sansianwey_n with_o the_o tartarian_a lord_n who_o the_o emperor_n have_v order_v to_o attend_v the_o ambassador_n together_o with_o the_o mandorin_n of_o canton_n and_o come_v late_o in_o the_o night_n to_o a_o small_a village_n upon_o the_o river_n guei_n where_o we_o continue_v till_o morning_n pinxenton_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n part_v from_o we_o at_o sancianwey_n and_o take_v his_o way_n over_o land_n to_o lince_a where_o we_o have_v leave_v his_o wife_n and_o child_n as_o we_o go_v to_o peking_n in_o our_o return_n from_o peking_n to_o canton_n we_o take_v the_o same_o way_n we_o come_v but_o pass_v by_o several_a city_n and_o village_n without_o enter_v into_o they_o upon_o the_o 23._o of_o october_n we_o come_v to_o singlo_n and_o the_o next_o day_n to_o sincocien_n upon_o the_o 25._o we_o get_v to_o tonquam_fw-la and_o the_o 27._o to_o tacheu_fw-la upon_o the_o 31._o of_o of_o the_o same_o month_n we_o get_v to_o lince_a where_o the_o ambassador_n be_v noble_o receive_v and_o treat_v by_o the_o mandorin_n pinxenton_n we_o stay_v here_o two_o or_o three_o day_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o say_v mandorin_n who_o make_v very_o much_o of_o we_o all_o that_o while_n and_o then_o we_o set_v sail_n with_o a_o good_a wind_n at_o north_n which_o blow_v so_o very_o hard_a and_o cold_a that_o we_o be_v hardly_o able_a to_o endure_v it_o upon_o the_o five_o of_o november_n have_v undergo_v much_o hardship_n we_o get_v to_o tunchant_v and_o the_o next_o day_n to_o xansiu_n where_o we_o can_v procure_v no_o fresh_a man_n to_o tow_n forward_o our_o vessel_n the_o ambassador_n to_o lose_v no_o long_o time_n hire_v such_o as_o they_o can_v meet_v withal_o in_o the_o street_n upon_o the_o eight_o of_o november_n we_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o cinning_n and_o on_o the_o 13._o follow_v to_o tamincien_fw-fr from_o thence_o we_o get_v into_o the_o yellow_a river_n and_o on_o the_o 17._o to_o the_o city_n of_o jamcefu_n where_o the_o ambassador_n be_v hearty_o welcome_v by_o the_o base_a brother_n of_o the_o
live_v in_o princely_a state_n be_v serve_v and_o wait_v on_o with_o extraordinary_a pomp_n and_o splendour_n but_o have_v no_o command_n in_o the_o least_o over_o any_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n neither_o may_v they_o depart_v from_o that_o city_n without_o the_o king_n be_v special_a licence_n in_o this_o government_n be_v find_v no_o old_a law_n as_o among_o those_o of_o europe_n no_o imperial_a edict_n which_o have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o ancient_a roman_n but_o those_o that_o be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o their_o own_o house_n and_o have_v by_o conquest_n or_o otherwise_o resume_v the_o government_n make_v new_a statute_n according_a to_o their_o pleasure_n this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o law_n which_o be_v in_o use_n before_o this_o last_o invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o be_v in_o part_n observe_v to_o this_o day_n by_o the_o people_n be_v of_o no_o long_o stand_v then_o the_o emperor_n humvuo_n who_o race_n for_o his_o most_o heroic_a action_n in_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o tartar_n be_v call_v stamin_z which_o signify_v great_a courage_n this_o emperor_n make_v several_a law_n and_o confirm_v other_o make_v by_o his_o predecessor_n their_o emperor_n be_v common_o call_v thiensu_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o son_n of_o heaven_n and_o this_o name_n be_v give_v he_o not_o that_o they_o believe_v he_o have_v his_o original_a from_o thence_o but_o because_o they_o believe_v he_o be_v better_a belove_v by_o be_v prefer_v to_o so_o great_a a_o dignity_n above_o all_o other_o mortal_n for_o his_o eminent_a and_o natural_a virtue_n and_o because_o they_o adore_v and_o worship_v heaven_n for_o the_o high_a deity_n so_o that_o when_o they_o name_v the_o son_n of_o heaven_n it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o if_o they_o say_v the_o son_n of_o god_n however_o the_o commonalty_n call_v not_o the_o emperor_n thiensu_fw-la but_o hoangti_n the_o yellow_a emperor_n or_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o they_o name_v yellow_a of_o colour_n to_o distinguish_v he_o from_o xangti_n which_o signify_v the_o high_a emperor_n two_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o ninety_o seven_o year_n before_o christ_n birth_n their_o first_o prince_n reign_v who_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o hoangti_n and_o because_o of_o his_o extraordinary_a virtue_n and_o valiant_a deed_n the_o chineses_n have_v ever_o since_o call_v their_o emperor_n hoangti_n none_o be_v choose_v or_o employ_v in_o the_o government_n and_o management_n of_o public_a affair_n but_o such_o as_o be_v hold_v capable_a and_o have_v the_o title_n of_o doctor_n of_o the_o law_n man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o eminent_a part_n for_o whosoever_o be_v prefer_v in_o china_n to_o place_n and_o office_n of_o trust_n have_v give_v a_o clear_a testimony_n of_o his_o knowledge_n prudence_n virtue_n and_o valour_n neither_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o grandeur_n of_o his_o friend_n stand_v he_o in_o any_o stead_n if_o he_o be_v not_o so_o extraordinary_o qualify_v all_o magistrate_n both_o civil_a and_o military_a be_v call_v in_o the_o country_n idiom_n quonfu_n which_o signify_v man_n fit_a for_o council_n they_o be_v also_o call_v sometime_o by_o the_o name_n of_o lavie_n which_o signify_v lord_n or_o master_n the_o portuguese_n call_v these_o magistrate_n in_o china_n mandorin_n it_o may_v be_v from_o the_o latin_a word_n mandando_fw-la by_o which_o name_n the_o officer_n of_o that_o state_n in_o that_o country_n be_v also_o receive_v and_o understand_v by_o we_o of_o europe_n and_o although_o i_o say_v at_o the_o beginning_n that_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n or_o empire_n consist_v of_o one_o single_a person_n yet_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v and_o what_o shall_v follow_v that_o the_o government_n have_v also_o some_o commixture_n with_o that_o of_o aristocracy_n for_o although_o that_o which_o the_o magistrate_n conclude_v and_o full_o determine_v must_v afterward_o be_v ratify_v by_o the_o king_n upon_o request_n make_v to_o he_o yet_o he_o also_o finish_v nothing_o himself_n in_o any_o business_n before_o he_o be_v thereunto_o first_o desire_v by_o his_o council_n it_o be_v also_o very_o certain_a that_o it_o be_v no_o way_n lawful_a for_o the_o king_n to_o confer_v any_o office_n dignity_n or_o place_n in_o the_o magistracy_n upon_o any_o unless_o he_o be_v first_o request_v by_o one_o in_o special_a authority_n but_o yet_o he_o have_v power_n to_o present_v his_o courtier_n with_o some_o special_a gift_n and_o this_o he_o often_o do_v according_a to_o a_o old_a custom_n whereby_o it_o be_v free_a for_o any_o one_o to_o raise_v his_o friend_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n the_o public_a tax_n assessment_n imposition_n and_o revenue_n be_v not_o bring_v into_o the_o king_n treasury_n neither_o may_v he_o dispose_v thereof_o at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o they_o be_v deliver_v either_o in_o money_n or_o good_n into_o the_o treasury_n and_o granary_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o income_n discharge_v the_o expense_n of_o the_o king_n family_n consist_v of_o wife_n concubine_n son_n favourite_n and_o the_o like_a there_o be_v two_o distinct_a council_n in_o china_n one_o whereof_o not_o only_a officiate_n in_o affair_n of_o state_n at_o court_n but_o have_v likewise_o the_o care_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o other_o be_v make_v up_o of_o provincial_a governor_n who_o rule_v particular_a province_n and_o city_n a_o catalogue_n of_o which_o officer_n fill_v up_o five_o or_o six_o large_a volume_n print_v every_o month_n and_o to_o be_v sell_v at_o peking_n where_o the_o court_n reside_v in_o these_o book_n be_v mention_v only_o the_o name_n of_o province_n and_o city_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o those_o who_o for_o that_o end_n be_v employ_v in_o the_o magistracy_n through_o the_o whole_a empire_n these_o book_n be_v always_o reprinting_a in_o regard_n so_o vast_a a_o number_n of_o alteration_n happen_v daily_o for_o some_o die_v other_o be_v lay_v aside_o and_o new_a one_o choose_v in_o their_o place_n or_o else_o prefer_v to_o high_a office_n so_o that_o there_o be_v hardly_o a_o hour_n but_o some_o change_n happen_v among_o they_o the_o grand_a council_n divide_v itself_o into_o six_o other_o great_a one_o the_o first_o be_v call_v pu_o or_o the_o council_n of_o state_n for_o they_o nominate_v and_o choose_v all_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n these_o as_o they_o be_v most_o powerful_a have_v also_o the_o great_a part_n person_n able_a to_o judge_v of_o who_o they_o confer_v such_o dignity_n for_o they_o must_v be_v all_o qualify_v with_o philosophical_a and_o other_o learning_n that_o come_v to_o any_o place_n in_o the_o magistracy_n the_o general_a maxim_n there_o be_v to_o prefer_v none_o but_o mere_o upon_o merit_n and_o whosoever_o happen_v to_o be_v degrade_v for_o any_o misdemeanour_n they_o never_o admit_v he_o to_o his_o place_n again_o the_o second_o call_v hopu_n have_v the_o management_n and_o inspection_n over_o the_o king_n exchequer_n pay_v the_o army_n and_o other_o charge_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o three_o they_o name_v limpu_n this_o take_v care_n of_o the_o common_a offering_n temple_n priest_n the_o king_n woman_n school_n and_o public_a place_n of_o learning_n to_o see_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o order_n likewise_o order_v their_o holiday_n and_o the_o obedience_n which_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v to_o the_o emperor_n upon_o certain_a time_n and_o occasion_n also_o dispose_n and_o confer_v title_n of_o honour_n upon_o such_o as_o deserve_v they_o takes_z care_n for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o art_n and_o science_n send_v and_o receive_v of_o ambassador_n and_o the_o write_n of_o letter_n into_o all_o part_n the_o four_o council_n be_v call_v pimpu_n or_o the_o council_n of_o war_n to_o who_o be_v leave_v the_o management_n of_o peace_n and_o military_a affair_n wherein_o however_o they_o be_v not_o to_o conclude_v any_o thing_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o emperor_n they_o dispose_v of_o all_o place_n and_o office_n in_o the_o army_n and_o confer_v title_n of_o honour_n and_o dignity_n according_o upon_o such_o as_o behave_v themselves_o brave_o in_o conduct_n and_o valiant_o in_o battle_n the_o five_o council_n call_v cumym_n have_v the_o care_n about_o building_n commit_v to_o it_o and_o also_o appoint_v surveyor_n to_o look_v to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o edifice_n and_o palace_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n his_o favourite_n and_o magistrate_n they_o also_o look_v after_o the_o build_n of_o vessel_n and_o the_o equip_v of_o fleet_n the_o six_o council_n call_v humpu_n examine_v and_o judge_n all_o criminal_a cause_n and_o appoint_v their_o punishment_n all_o affair_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v dispatch_v by_o these_o six_o council_n wherefore_o they_o have_v in_o each_o province_n and_o city_n officer_n and_o notary_n by_o who_o they_o be_v inform_v of_o all_o transaction_n which_o happen_v in_o each_o
quarter_n so_o that_o they_o be_v all_o continual_o busy_a about_o weighty_a affair_n but_o the_o number_n and_o good_a order_n of_o the_o officer_n very_o much_o facilitate_v their_o work_n for_o in_o each_o council_n be_v a_o precedent_n who_o they_o call_v ciu_o who_o have_v two_o assistant_n one_o on_o his_o right_a side_n call_v coxilam_n and_o another_o on_o his_o left_a term_v yeuxilam_n these_o three_o both_o at_o court_n and_o through_o the_o whole_a empire_n have_v the_o high_a dignity_n except_o those_o who_o sit_v in_o the_o supreme_a council_n call_v colao_n beside_o these_o three_o principal_a councillor_n there_o be_v belong_v to_o each_o council_n ten_o other_o who_o differ_v but_o little_a in_o dignity_n from_o the_o rest_n be_v always_o employ_v together_o with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o inferior_a officer_n as_o notary_n scribe_n secretaries_z and_o clerk_n the_o jesuit_n semedo_n in_o his_o relation_n of_o china_n mention_n several_a other_o council_n whereof_o some_o have_v a_o like_a authority_n with_o the_o beforementioned_a six_o all_o which_o be_v call_v in_o the_o chinese_n tongue_n cien_n cim_o and_o consist_v of_o several_a office_n belong_v particular_o to_o the_o king_n household_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v call_v thai_n lisu_n that_o be_v the_o council_n of_o the_o great_a audite_fw-la this_o office_n seem_v like_o the_o great_a chancery_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therein_o all_o weighty_a affair_n receive_v a_o determination_n it_o consist_v of_o thirteen_o mandorin_n one_o councillor_n two_o assistant_n and_o ten_o under-officer_n the_o second_o be_v call_v quon_n losu_n and_o provide_v for_o their_o imperial_a majesty_n table_n and_o for_o all_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o emperor_n court._n this_o council_n have_v one_o councillor_n two_o assistant_n and_o six_o officer_n the_o three_o call_v thaipocusu_n have_v the_o power_n of_o the_o emperor_n stable_n and_o make_v provision_n of_o all_o post-horse_n for_o public_a use_n and_o service_n it_o consist_v of_o one_o councillor_n and_o six_o officer_n beside_o all_o these_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o council_n high_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o of_o the_o great_a dignity_n have_v place_n next_o the_o emperor_n in_o all_o public_a solemnity_n those_o that_o sit_v in_o this_o council_n be_v call_v colaos_n be_v seldom_o above_o four_o or_o six_o in_o number_n and_o the_o most_o select_a person_n of_o all_o the_o other_o council_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a empire_n and_o be_v honour_v and_o reverence_v according_o no_o private_a affair_n be_v bring_v to_o they_o for_o they_o only_o mind_v the_o public_a good_a and_o government_n sit_v with_o the_o emperor_n in_o private_a council_n for_o the_o abovementioned_a six_o council_n intermeddle_v not_o with_o the_o affoirs_n of_o the_o state_n as_o to_o make_v any_o conclusion_n upon_o they_o they_o be_v only_o to_o debate_n and_o consult_v and_o afterward_o by_o way_n of_o petition_n to_o offer_v their_o advice_n to_o the_o emperor_n who_o either_o alter_v or_o confirm_v what_o they_o have_v do_v according_a as_o he_o see_v cause_n but_o in_o regard_n he_o will_v not_o seem_v whole_o to_o rely_v upon_o his_o own_o judgement_n some_o of_o the_o chief_a philosopher_n always_o attend_v upon_o this_o colaos_n or_o council_n and_o come_v daily_o to_o the_o palace_n to_o answer_v petition_n which_o be_v bring_v continual_o to_o the_o emperor_n in_o great_a number_n this_o last_o conclusion_n the_o emperor_n sign_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n that_o so_o afterward_o his_o command_n may_v be_v execute_v there_o be_v yet_o two_o council_n more_o whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v choli_fw-la and_o the_o other_o tauli_n each_o consist_v of_o above_o sixty_o person_n all_o choice_a philosopher_n and_o wise_a man_n who_o fidelity_n and_o prudence_n both_o the_o emperor_n and_o people_n sufficient_o have_v approve_v and_o therefore_o they_o hold_v they_o in_o great_a honour_n and_o esteem_v with_o these_o his_o majesty_n advise_v upon_o all_o extraordinary_a and_o weighty_a affair_n but_o more_o especial_o when_o any_o thing_n have_v be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v several_a other_o council_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v call_v han_n lin_n yven_v where_o be_v employ_v none_o but_o learned_a man_n who_o busy_a themselves_o with_o no_o affair_n of_o the_o government_n yet_o exceed_v all_o in_o dignity_n except_o such_o as_o sit_v at_o the_o helm_n their_o charge_n be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o emperor_n write_n to_o compile_v year-book_n and_o write_v law_n and_o order_n from_o among_o these_o be_v choose_v governor_n and_o tutor_n for_o the_o prince_n they_o only_o be_v concern_v in_o matter_n of_o learning_n wherein_o as_o they_o grow_v more_o and_o more_o excellent_a they_o mount_v by_o several_a step_n to_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o honour_n come_v afterward_o to_o be_v employ_v in_o place_n of_o the_o great_a dignity_n in_o the_o court_n neither_o be_v any_o choose_v into_o the_o great_a colao_n who_o have_v not_o first_o be_v of_o this_o council_n they_o delight_v in_o poetry_n and_o get_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o money_n by_o their_o write_n as_o in_o make_v of_o epitaph_n poem_n and_o the_o like_a to_o pleasure_v their_o friend_n and_o very_o happy_a he_o esteem_v himself_o that_o can_v obtain_v such_o a_o favour_n of_o they_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n nank_v where_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n former_o keep_v their_o court_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o peking_n save_v that_o at_o nank_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o colao_n be_v not_o in_o be_v but_o the_o esteem_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o council_n here_o be_v as_o much_o eclipse_v for_o want_n of_o as_o at_o peking_n it_o be_v advance_v by_o the_o emperor_n presence_n thus_o far_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o government_n in_o general_a in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o will_v treat_v of_o particular_a and_o 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particular_a court_n and_o judicature_n but_o the_o governor_n over_o the_o whole_a division_n have_v no_o more_o authority_n in_o the_o place_n of_o his_o residence_n than_o in_o the_o other_o city_n under_o his_o command_n true_a it_o be_v he_o may_v condemn_v a_o malefactor_n to_o die_v but_o he_o can_v put_v the_o sentence_n in_o execution_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v join_v in_o commission_n with_o he_o but_o in_o regard_n a_o account_n must_v be_v give_v of_o the_o whole_a management_n of_o affair_n and_o the_o transaction_n of_o all_o the_o province_n at_o the_o court_n at_o peking_n therefore_o in_o each_o province_n there_o be_v appoint_v two_o other_o great_a officer_n by_o the_o court_n who_o in_o eminency_n of_o honour_n and_o grandeur_n of_o commission_n exceed_v the_o rest_n the_o one_o of_o these_o always_o reside_v in_o some_o of_o the_o province_n and_o be_v call_v tutang_n the_o other_o be_v send_v yearly_o from_o the_o court_n at_o peking_n and_o
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observation_n of_o the_o commander_n themselves_o who_o be_v very_o seldom_o and_o then_o but_o some_o few_o take_v into_o the_o council_n but_o that_o which_o will_v appear_v yet_o more_o strange_a be_v that_o these_o philosopher_n far_o exceed_v the_o military_a commander_n in_o courage_n and_o fidelity_n and_o will_v hazard_v their_o person_n beyond_o any_o of_o they_o in_o the_o most_o imminent_a danger_n for_o the_o good_a of_o their_o prince_n and_o country_n second_o but_o that_o which_o indeed_o to_o our_o european_a world_n will_v seem_v most_o admirable_a be_v the_o good_a understanding_n and_o perfect_a unanimity_n which_o be_v constant_o hold_v between_o the_o high_a and_o the_o inferior_a magistrate_n as_o also_o between_o the_o governor_n of_o province_n and_o the_o rix-council_n and_o between_o those_o and_o the_o emperor_n himself_o declare_v by_o that_o mutual_a respect_n and_o affection_n which_o they_o bear_v to_o one_o another_o in_o make_v visit_n and_o send_v present_n upon_o all_o occasion_n for_o the_o continuation_n of_o this_o so_o well_o knit_v correspondence_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o constant_a and_o strict_a amity_n the_o inferior_a magistrate_n never_o speak_v to_o the_o chief_a minister_n of_o state_n but_o upon_o their_o knee_n and_o that_o with_o singular_a civility_n and_o profound_a respect_n with_o like_a respect_n and_o submissive_a carriage_n the_o subject_n behave_v themselves_o to_o the_o governor_n and_o ruler_n of_o city_n three_o no_o person_n continue_v in_o office_n through_o the_o whole_a empire_n long_o than_o three_o year_n unless_o he_o be_v confirm_v anew_o by_o the_o emperor_n which_o happen_v very_o seldom_o because_o as_o every_o man_n merit_v by_o his_o upright_a carriage_n and_o deportment_n he_o be_v still_o advance_v to_o high_a and_o more_o noble_a promotion_n and_o certain_o this_o be_v do_v upon_o great_a and_o political_a reason_n of_o state_n as_o to_o prevent_v any_o such_o governor_n from_o contract_v near_o friendship_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n whereby_o to_o draw_v their_o affection_n to_o a_o by-interest_n on_o his_o part_n to_o undertake_v faction_n or_o novelty_n against_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o prince_n for_o the_o better_a bring_v to_o pass_v whereof_o all_o the_o chief_a governor_n of_o province_n division_n and_o city_n be_v bind_v to_o appear_v every_o three_o year_n at_o the_o emperor_n court_n to_o do_v homage_n and_o obedience_n to_o he_o at_o which_o time_n a_o strict_a account_n be_v take_v of_o their_o carriage_n and_o behaviour_n in_o their_o several_a place_n and_o after_o a_o through_o examination_n of_o all_o matter_n the_o emperor_n and_o his_o council_n determine_v who_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v continue_v who_o to_o be_v cashier_v who_o to_o be_v prefer_v and_o last_o who_o to_o be_v punish_v and_o this_o without_o any_o respect_n of_o person_n likewise_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o make_v any_o alteration_n in_o what_o be_v conclude_v by_o the_o council_n and_o judge_n upon_o this_o examination_n which_o be_v so_o severe_a and_o impartial_a that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n only_o the_o great_a person_n offend_v be_v punish_v and_o to_o this_o purpose_n we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1607._o so_o strict_a a_o examination_n be_v make_v that_o four_o thousand_o principal_a magistrate_n who_o have_v misbehave_v themselves_o receive_v reward_n just_o due_a to_o their_o demerit_n the_o person_n so_o condemn_v be_v divide_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o crime_n into_o five_o rank_n under_o the_o first_o be_v comprehend_v such_o as_o take_v bribe_n and_o enrich_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o emperor_n treasury_n these_o be_v turn_v out_o be_v for_o ever_o make_v incapable_a of_o bear_v any_o public_a office_n under_o the_o second_o rank_n be_v set_v down_o those_o who_o be_v too_o cruel_a in_o their_o punishment_n these_o be_v likewise_o turn_v out_o of_o their_o place_n and_o send_v home_o
but_o how_o ancient_a soever_o it_o be_v they_o use_v quite_o another_o manner_n and_o method_n therein_o than_o the_o european_n for_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o character_n they_o be_v enforce_v to_o cut_v they_o upon_o a_o smooth_a board_n make_v of_o pear-tree_n or_o appletree_n upon_o this_o board_n they_o paste_v the_o write_n that_o be_v to_o be_v print_v scrape_v the_o paper_n so_o long_o when_o it_o be_v dry_a till_o the_o character_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o thinness_n begin_v to_o appear_v through_o and_o last_o of_o all_o they_o bear_v the_o board_n with_o a_o iron_n that_o only_o the_o stroke_n of_o the_o character_n be_v leave_v stand_v this_o do_v they_o print_v with_o this_o board_n the_o write_n which_o stand_v already_o engrave_v upon_o it_o upon_o other_o clean_a sheet_n but_o with_o so_o much_o ease_n and_o quickness_n that_o one_o man_n be_v able_a to_o print_v five_o thousand_o sheet_n in_o a_o day_n and_o in_o the_o bore_v of_o the_o board_n they_o be_v so_o dextrous_a that_o they_o will_v cut_v out_o one_o almost_o as_o soon_o as_o a_o european_a compositor_n can_v make_v ready_a a_o form_n to_o the_o press_n this_o manner_n of_o printing_n be_v much_o more_o commodious_a for_o the_o chinese_n character_n than_o for_o we_o they_o be_v great_a in_o substance_n and_o form_n our_o letter_n small_a and_o consequent_o unfit_a to_o cut_v upon_o a_o board_n neither_o do_v this_o people_n ingenuity_n end_n here_o but_o dive_v into_o the_o quaint_a fancy_n of_o the_o painter_n art_n arrive_v sometime_o to_o great_a skill_n in_o paint_v of_o picture_n only_o herein_o they_o fall_v very_o much_o short_a of_o those_o who_o use_v that_o art_n in_o these_o part_n in_o regard_n they_o neither_o understand_v the_o make_n of_o shadow_n noâ—_n have_v learn_v to_o temper_v their_o colour_n with_o oil_n this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o all_o their_o picture_n look_v so_o dull_a and_o dead_a resemble_v rather_o inanimate_a body_n than_o lively_a image_n and_o yet_o they_o have_v as_o good_a colour_n in_o that_o country_n as_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n wherewith_o they_o depict_v all_o sort_n of_o bird_n and_o herb_n to_o the_o life_n they_o have_v also_o some_o little_a insight_n and_o skill_n in_o the_o art_n of_o carve_v or_o grave_v of_o image_n and_o in_o cast_v of_o copper_n into_o the_o portraiture_n of_o bird_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o other_o creature_n with_o which_o they_o adorn_v the_o ceiling_n of_o their_o house_n their_o temple_n be_v likewise_o beautify_v with_o image_n of_o copper_n or_o other_o piece_n of_o carve_v or_o engrave_v work_n their_o bell_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v make_v of_o brass_n have_v wooden_a clapper_n for_o they_o can_v bear_v the_o strike_n of_o a_o iron_n one_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o brittleness_n so_o that_o for_o sound_n they_o fall_v infinite_o short_a of_o the_o european_a tuneableness_n why_o these_o people_n who_o be_v ingenious_a and_o witty_a enough_o in_o other_o thing_n be_v so_o dull_a and_o unexperienced_a in_o these_o proceed_v in_o all_o probability_n from_o their_o general_a averseness_n to_o deal_v with_o foreigner_n it_o be_v a_o rule_n among_o they_o to_o prohibit_v they_o entrance_n into_o their_o country_n at_o leastwise_o not_o to_o admit_v they_o far_o than_o frontier_n several_a sort_n of_o musical_a instrument_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o china_n the_o most_o whereof_o be_v loud_a music_n or_o wind_n instrument_n to_o all_o which_o they_o use_v snare_n make_v of_o raw_a silk_n but_o they_o have_v neither_o organ_n nor_o harpsechord_n nor_o any_o other_o the_o like_a instrument_n though_o there_o be_v some_o that_o have_v a_o great_a resemblance_n of_o our_o virginal_n in_o europe_n their_o vocal_a music_n consist_v of_o one_o note_n and_o tone_n as_o it_o be_v for_o they_o know_v not_o how_o to_o alter_v or_o raise_v their_o voice_n high_a or_o low_o nor_o be_v it_o in_o use_n among_o they_o notwithstanding_o which_o they_o brag_v very_o much_o of_o their_o sweet_a voice_n which_o haply_o to_o their_o ear_n accustom_a thereto_o may_v seem_v pleasant_a but_o sure_o i_o be_o to_o we_o they_o be_v both_o harsh_a and_o untuneable_a they_o have_v very_o few_o dial_n or_o justrument_n to_o show_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o such_o as_o they_o have_v be_v make_v to_o operate_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o water_n or_o fire_n those_o which_o show_v the_o hour_n with_o water_n bear_v a_o kind_n of_o resemblance_n to_o some_o great_a hour-glass_n for_o their_o shape_n but_o such_o as_o show_v the_o hour_n by_o mean_n of_o fire_n be_v make_v of_o perfume_a ash_n they_o have_v some_o other_o kind_n of_o instrument_n among_o they_o to_o know_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n by_o somewhat_o like_o our_o clock_n with_o wheel_n and_o they_o be_v make_v to_o turn_v with_o sand_n as_o wheel_n of_o mill_n with_o water_n but_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v to_o our_o clock_n in_o europe_n for_o they_o seldom_o go_v true_a some_o inkling_n they_o seem_v to_o have_v of_o sun-dials_n but_o they_o be_v ignorant_a and_o desire_v not_o to_o be_v inform_v in_o the_o use_n of_o they_o they_o be_v very_o much_o addict_v to_o show_n and_o stage-play_n and_o herein_o only_o do_v they_o exceed_v those_o of_o europe_n their_o comedian_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n young_a and_o active_a and_o very_o numerous_a throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n some_o of_o they_o travel_n from_o place_n to_o place_n and_o other_o resort_n to_o the_o chief_a city_n and_o town_n to_o be_v employ_v at_o wedding_n and_o other_o great_a and_o solemn_a entertainment_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o great_a number_n of_o juggler_n and_o hocus-pocusses_a who_o be_v very_o dexterous_a in_o their_o way_n some_o of_o they_o have_v rat_n and_o mouse_n in_o a_o cage_n fasten_v to_o a_o chain_n which_o they_o have_v teach_v to_o dance_v in_o several_a posture_n other_o thrust_v thread_n into_o their_o eye_n and_o pull_v they_o out_o at_o their_o nose_n one_o i_o see_v creep_v into_o a_o narrow_a basket_n while_o his_o comrade_n run_v thereat_o with_o his_o sword_n so_o fierce_o that_o he_o pierce_v it_o through_o whereupon_o the_o blood_n run_v down_o as_o if_o the_o fellow_n therein_o have_v be_v wound_v in_o several_a place_n but_o immediate_o come_v forth_o it_o be_v evident_a he_o have_v receive_v no_o hurt_n at_o all_o the_o people_n of_o china_n be_v great_a lover_n of_o seal_n and_o coat_n of_o arm_n wherewith_o they_o not_o only_o seal_v their_o letter_n but_o make_v impression_n upon_o all_o manner_n of_o write_n verse_n picture_n and_o other_o thing_n but_o upon_o these_o seal_n be_v no_o device_n as_o among_o the_o gentry_n and_o nobility_n of_o europe_n neither_o any_o thing_n beside_o the_o name_n surname_n degree_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o proprietor_n and_o to_o make_v the_o impression_n they_o neither_o use_v wax_n nor_o any_o thing_n like_o it_o but_o only_o colour_v it_o with_o a_o certain_a red_a paint_n to_o which_o end_n the_o chief_a person_n in_o china_n have_v a_o box_n of_o these_o seal_n always_o stand_v upon_o a_o table_n upon_o which_o be_v engrave_v several_a name_n every_o chinese_n appropriate_v to_o himself_o divers_a denomination_n these_o sigil_n or_o signet_n be_v either_o engrave_v in_o the_o best_a and_o rich_a sort_n of_o wood_n or_o else_o in_o marble_n ebony_n copper_n crystal_n or_o the_o like_a for_o the_o perform_v thereof_o there_o be_v several_a engraver_n very_o skilful_a in_o this_o art_n who_o be_v much_o respect_v by_o the_o people_n among_o who_o they_o carry_v the_o repute_n of_o learned_a men._n there_o be_v not_o in_o this_o country_n any_o swarm_v of_o writer_n but_o such_o as_o do_v write_v be_v esteem_v artist_n of_o the_o best_a qualification_n their_o ink_n be_v make_v of_o certain_a hard_a cake_n which_o when_o they_o will_v make_v use_n of_o they_o rub_v upon_o a_o smooth_a marble_n stone_n with_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o water_n till_o the_o colour_n come_v off_o into_o which_o they_o dip_v their_o write_a pencil_n be_v make_v of_o hair_n and_o fair_o appropriate_v to_o the_o write_n of_o the_o chinese_n character_n and_o the_o make_n of_o these_o pencil_n but_o especial_o of_o the_o ink_n be_v among_o all_o there_o repute_v a_o particular_a and_o ingenious_a call_v other_o handicraft-trade_n there_o be_v in_o china_n among_o which_o the_o fan-maker_n be_v not_o of_o least_o use_n and_o credit_n these_o fan_n be_v of_o such_o general_a use_n to_o cool_v the_o face_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n that_o no_o person_n of_o what_o degree_n soever_o go_v abroad_o without_o they_o and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v several_a sort_n some_o be_v make_v of_o reed_n or_o wood_n other_o of_o ivory_n ebony_n silk_n paper_n
or_o perfume_a straw_n nor_o be_v their_o variety_n great_a in_o substance_n than_o their_o difference_n in_o fashion_n for_o some_o be_v round_o other_o foursquare_a &c_n &c_n such_o as_o be_v wear_v by_o the_o grandee_n be_v make_v of_o white_a paper_n gilt_n to_o open_v and_o shut_v at_o pleasure_n with_o one_o of_o which_o it_o be_v customary_a among_o they_o to_o present_v each_o other_o as_o a_o token_n of_o love_n and_o friendship_n these_o fan-maker_n also_o as_o aforesaid_a be_v employ_v much_o in_o the_o make_n of_o quittesole_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o fold_v canopy_n carry_v over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o grandee_n by_o their_o servant_n be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o stuff_n with_o fan_n and_o line_v with_o silk_n or_o linen_n the_o ruffian_n travel_v through_o all_o part_n of_o the_o country_n with_o woman_n in_o their_o company_n and_o where_o by_o chance_n they_o find_v any_o handsome_a young_a maid_n among_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o people_n they_o use_v all_o art_n and_o mean_n to_o entice_v they_o away_o neither_o spare_a money_n or_o good_a word_n who_o if_o they_o prevail_v upon_o to_o follow_v they_o they_o afterward_o teach_v to_o dance_n and_o sing_n so_o make_v they_o fit_a for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o their_o hector_a blade_n and_o wild_a gallant_n when_o they_o be_v thus_o instruct_v the_o male-bawd_n endeavour_v to_o sell_v they_o either_o to_o the_o grandee_n outright_o or_o else_o to_o prostitute_v they_o for_o money_n for_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o day_n which_o turn_v to_o a_o considerable_a advantage_n for_o every_o of_o these_o broker_n for_o impudence_n have_v several_a woman_n that_o belong_v unto_o they_o according_a as_o their_o ability_n be_v able_a to_o afford_v they_o a_o maintenance_n they_o seldom_o stay_v long_o in_o a_o place_n but_o go_v from_o town_n to_o town_n and_o there_o reside_v long_o where_o they_o can_v meet_v with_o the_o best_a market_n whosoever_o hire_v one_o of_o these_o woman_n for_o a_o night_n lodging_n must_v receive_v she_o in_o the_o public_a manner_n hereafter_o describe_v viz._n she_o be_v set_v upon_o a_o ass_n and_o so_o conduct_v with_o a_o hood_n over_o her_o face_n to_o the_o house_n of_o he_o that_o send_v for_o she_o and_o when_o she_o be_v come_v to_o his_o house_n she_o cast_v aside_o her_o hood_n and_o then_o he_o receive_v and_o conduct_n she_o into_o the_o house_n there_o be_v also_o another_o sort_n of_o beggar_n here_o who_o set_v fire_n to_o a_o combustible_a kind_n of_o stuff_n upon_o their_o head_n which_o they_o suffer_v to_o burn_v there_o with_o such_o excessive_a pain_n and_o torment_n till_o they_o have_v extort_a some_o charity_n from_o the_o transient_a company_n with_o their_o howl_n and_o cry_v endure_v very_o great_a misery_n all_o that_o while_n and_o last_o upon_o every_o public_a market-day_n there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v whole_a troop_n of_o blind_a beggar_n in_o the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n who_o beat_v themselves_o upon_o their_o naked_a breast_n most_o furious_o with_o great_a round_a stone_n till_o the_o very_a blood_n drop_v from_o they_o beside_o what_o be_v mention_v before_o there_o be_v several_a other_o trade_n in_o china_n as_o the_o bake_n of_o porcelain_n or_o china-ware_n the_o gumming_n and_o paint_v of_o chest_n trunk_n and_o box_n as_o also_o the_o weave_a of_o carpent_n damask_n cotton_n and_o several_a other_o stuff_n which_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o omit_v in_o this_o chapter_n first_o in_o regard_n the_o same_o be_v already_o mention_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o our_o relation_n and_o also_o because_o the_o chineses_n do_v so_o infinite_o abound_v in_o all_o manner_n of_o art_n and_o handicraft-trade_n that_o it_o will_v take_v up_o too_o much_o time_n to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o whole_a but_o notwithstanding_o this_o abundance_n of_o trade_n in_o china_n a_o great_a defect_n and_o abuse_n be_v observe_v in_o most_o of_o the_o commodity_n which_o be_v make_v there_o and_o it_o be_v this_o that_o they_o only_o appear_v and_o seem_v fair_a to_o the_o eye_n but_o be_v real_o for_o the_o most_o part_n very_a sleight_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n they_o may_v well_o be_v afford_v much_o cheap_a to_o the_o merchant_n chap._n iu._n of_o some_o strange_a custom_n fashion_n and_o manner_n in_o use_n among_o the_o chinese_n the_o ancient_a chineses_n call_v their_o kingdom_n or_o empire_n in_o old_a time_n by_o the_o name_n of_o courtesy_n or_o civility_n and_o other_o know_a manner_n yea_o and_o which_o be_v more_o civility_n or_o courtesy_n be_v hold_v with_o they_o for_o one_o of_o the_o five_o principal_a virtue_n among_o which_o as_o chief_a all_o other_o be_v comprehend_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o virtue_n consist_v as_o they_o say_v in_o the_o show_n of_o mutual_a respect_n now_o to_o be_v complete_a herein_o and_o to_o be_v master_n of_o ceremony_n they_o spend_v no_o small_a time_n to_o accomplish_v themselves_o yet_o some_o of_o they_o of_o a_o high_a speculation_n view_v humane_a vicissitude_n lament_v themselves_o that_o they_o can_v reject_v and_o shun_v these_o complimental_a formality_n although_o they_o do_v therein_o far_o exceed_v those_o of_o europe_n wherefore_o in_o this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v show_v in_o what_o manner_n they_o salute_v one_o another_o when_o they_o meet_v and_o afterward_o treat_v of_o some_o other_o manner_n and_o custom_n in_o use_n among_o they_o wherein_o they_o differ_v from_o other_o or_o among_o themselves_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o no_o point_n of_o civility_n among_o the_o chineses_n to_o take_v off_o the_o hat_n or_o to_o make_v leg_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o term_v much_o leâ—s_n to_o embrace_v any_o person_n or_o kiss_v his_o hand_n or_o make_v any_o outward_a show_n of_o compliment_n the_o most_o general_a and_o common_a way_n with_o they_o of_o show_v civility_n be_v do_v after_o this_o manner_n they_o carry_v their_o hand_n when_o they_o walk_v unless_o they_o be_v to_o fan_n themselves_o or_o otherwise_o to_o use_v they_o always_o fold_v together_o in_o the_o sleeve_n of_o their_o upper_a garment_n which_o be_v make_v for_o that_o purpose_n so_o that_o when_o they_o meet_v they_o raise_v their_o hand_n on_o high_a in_o the_o sleeve_n with_o great_a devotion_n and_o then_o let_v they_o fall_v again_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n greet_v each_o other_o with_o the_o word_n cin_n which_o signify_v nothing_o when_o one_o come_v to_o visit_v another_o or_o if_o two_o friend_n meet_v in_o the_o street_n they_o bow_v with_o their_o hand_n in_o their_o sleeve_n all_o the_o while_n the_o whole_a body_n and_o their_o head_n three_o time_n to_o the_o ground_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o salutation_n be_v call_v zoye_n in_o the_o perform_n of_o which_o ceremony_n the_o inferior_a always_o give_v place_n to_o his_o better_a and_o the_o party_n visit_v give_v the_o upper_a hand_n to_o he_o that_o make_v the_o visit_n but_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o china_n the_o visitant_n be_v place_v on_o the_o left-hand_a oftentimes_o also_o after_o they_o have_v do_v bow_v they_o exchange_v place_n and_o go_v off_o from_o the_o left_a to_o the_o right-hand_a and_o from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a which_o be_v do_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o so_o the_o party_n that_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o high_a place_n shall_v show_v some_o respect_n to_o the_o other_o again_o when_o this_o ceremony_n happen_v to_o be_v in_o the_o street_n both_o party_n turn_v themselves_o side_n to_o side_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o within_o door_n to_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o hall_n for_o it_o be_v a_o old_a custom_n among_o they_o to_o lay_v the_o threshold_n of_o the_o palace_n temple_n and_o other_o edifice_n to_o the_o south_n so_o that_o in_o regard_n this_o ceremony_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o hall_n next_o to_o the_o threshold_n they_o turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o upper_a end_n and_o and_o then_o they_o look_v towards_o the_o north._n if_o so_o be_v both_o party_n meet_v or_o visit_v have_v not_o see_v one_o another_o in_o a_o long_a time_n or_o perhaps_o never_o before_o and_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o bestow_v extraordinary_a civility_n upon_o each_o other_o then_o after_o performance_n of_o the_o first_o ceremony_n they_o fall_v upon_o their_o knee_n touch_v the_o ground_n with_o their_o forehead_n and_o this_o they_o do_v three_o time_n together_o but_o when_o this_o civility_n be_v to_o be_v show_v by_o a_o inferior_a to_o a_o superior_a a_o child_n to_o his_o parent_n or_o a_o subject_a to_o his_o prince_n he_o receive_v the_o honour_n do_v unto_o he_o either_o sit_v or_o stand_v and_o only_o bowl_v a_o little_a when_o the_o other_o fall_v upon_o his_o knee_n with_o the_o same_o and_o no_o great_a reverence_n and_o honour_n they_o pay_v their_o religious_a duty_n to_o
carrion_n either_o of_o a_o horse_n mule_n ass_n dog_n or_o any_o other_o creature_n they_o be_v likewise_o great_o delight_v with_o dry_a sweetmeat_n which_o they_o know_v very_o well_o how_o to_o order_v the_o mandorin_n have_v always_o comedian_n to_o act_n and_o music_n to_o play_n whilst_o they_o be_v at_o dinner_n to_o excite_v they_o to_o cheerfulness_n their_o ordinary_a drink_n be_v hot_a water_n wherein_o thea_fw-mi have_v be_v steep_v which_o as_o they_o do_v all_o other_o liquor_n they_o sip_v off_o warm_a but_o the_o best_a of_o their_o liquor_n be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v cia_n and_o be_v make_v after_o this_o manner_n they_o take_v half_a a_o handful_n of_o the_o herb_n cha_fw-mi and_o boil_v it_o in_o spring-water_n when_o it_o be_v well_o boil_a they_o put_v to_o it_o four_o time_n as_o much_o new_a milk_n with_o a_o little_a salt_n this_o liquor_n drink_v warm_a as_o they_o general_o believe_v have_v more_o virtue_n than_o the_o philosopher_n stone_n as_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o civility_n manner_n and_o fashion_n they_o consist_v chief_o in_o the_o honour_n duty_n and_o obedience_n which_o be_v show_v to_o the_o emperor_n and_o that_o be_v extraordinary_a for_o he_o be_v obey_v honour_a and_o serve_v more_o than_o any_o spiritual_a or_o temporal_a prince_n in_o the_o whole_a world_n beside_o no_o person_n of_o what_o condition_n or_o quality_n soever_o may_v speak_v to_o he_o but_o only_o the_o gelubden_n who_o wait_v upon_o he_o in_o his_o chamber_n in_o the_o palace_n and_o his_o near_a kindred_n as_o his_o son_n and_o daughter_n that_o live_v with_o he_o in_o the_o same_o palace_n all_o the_o magistrate_n without_o the_o palace_n for_o the_o gelubden_n have_v their_o degree_n of_o order_n and_o preferment_n be_v only_o to_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n in_o write_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o petition_n wherein_o their_o desire_n be_v set_v forth_o with_o the_o most_o humble_a expression_n imaginable_a when_o it_o be_v the_o new_a 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to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v plaster_v on_o the_o inside_n and_o have_v bench_n about_o it_o at_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n the_o survive_a friend_n come_v and_o visit_v these_o grave_n bring_v store_n of_o provision_n with_o they_o and_o then_o express_v their_o sorrow_n afresh_o shed_v tear_n and_o use_v other_o lamentation_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o dear_a friend_n nay_o some_o of_o they_o do_v with_o such_o reality_n of_o grief_n and_o affection_n oftentimes_o take_v it_o to_o heart_n that_o they_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v draw_v thence_o but_o desire_v to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o dead_a without_o the_o city_n of_o nank_v heretofore_o the_o court_n and_o imperial_a chamber_n of_o the_o ancient_a prince_n but_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o wall_n grow_v a_o very_a
to_o all_o who_o burial_n they_o be_v invite_v and_o help_v to_o perform_v the_o ceremonial_a part_n of_o the_o funeral_n attire_v in_o very_o costly_a and_o rich_a habit_n and_o go_v before_o the_o corpse_n play_v upon_o flute_n and_o other_o musical_a justrument_n all_o this_o sect_n be_v under_o the_o command_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o one_o prelate_n call_v ciam_fw-la who_o dignity_n always_o descend_v upon_o one_o of_o his_o posterity_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v for_o above_o a_o thousand_o year_n it_o seem_v that_o this_o great_a dignity_n or_o office_n have_v its_o first_o rise_n from_o a_o certain_a soothsayer_n who_o live_v in_o a_o cave_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n where_o his_o posterity_n continue_v at_o present_a and_o practice_v the_o delusion_n of_o their_o ancestor_n this_o their_o highpriest_n ciam_fw-la be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n resident_n in_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n and_o very_o high_o honour_v by_o the_o emperor_n have_v a_o allow_v access_n into_o the_o middlemost_a part_n of_o the_o palace_n to_o bless_v and_o consecrate_v the_o room_n if_o at_o any_o time_n they_o be_v suspect_v to_o be_v haunt_v or_o molest_v with_o evil_a spirit_n he_o be_v carry_v through_o the_o street_n in_o a_o open_a chair_n in_o as_o great_a state_n as_o any_o of_o the_o most_o principal_a magistrate_n and_o receive_v yearly_o a_o good_a revenue_n from_o the_o emperor_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v give_v you_o a_o description_n of_o the_o three_o chief_a sect_n in_o china_n out_o of_o which_o the_o ignorant_a and_o blind_a people_n have_v broach_v and_o set_v on_o foot_n so_o many_o hundred_o sort_n differ_v from_o one_o another_o in_o point_n of_o worship_n the_o emperor_n humvuus_fw-la the_o first_o of_o that_o race_n that_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o age_n have_v the_o sovereignty_n over_o china_n give_v express_v command_n that_o those_o three_o sect_n for_o the_o defence_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o government_n shall_v be_v strict_o observe_v by_o which_o he_o do_v infinite_o win_v the_o heart_n of_o the_o follower_n but_o yet_o though_o he_o mention_v all_o he_o so_o order_v the_o matter_n that_o the_o sect_n of_o the_o learned_a only_o shall_v have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o manage_n the_o great_a affair_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o also_o shall_v have_v authority_n over_o the_o other_o two_o and_o this_o probable_o may_v be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o one_o sect_n do_v not_o whole_o endeavour_v to_o abolish_v and_o extirpate_v the_o other_o because_o the_o emperor_n carry_v a_o equal_a hand_n to_o they_o all_o respect_v the_o one_o as_o much_o as_o the_o other_o and_o make_v use_v of_o they_o alike_o as_o he_o have_v occasion_n sometime_o cause_v a_o old_a temple_n to_o be_v repair_v and_o sometime_o a_o new_a one_o to_o be_v build_v for_o one_o or_o other_o of_o they_o as_o he_o think_v it_o expedient_a but_o the_o empress_n affect_v that_o sect_n best_o that_o maintain_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n and_o be_v very_o bountiful_a to_o the_o priest_n thereof_o bestow_v large_a annuity_n and_o great_a income_n upon_o they_o the_o great_a number_n of_o idol_n which_o be_v find_v in_o china_n be_v incredible_a for_o not_o only_o the_o temple_n and_o such_o like_a place_n of_o worship_n be_v hang_v very_o full_a but_o also_o all_o house_n street_n ship_n etc._n etc._n be_v adorn_v with_o they_o and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a abomination_n that_o at_o first_o appear_v to_o all_o that_o come_v into_o china_n the_o next_o be_v the_o idol_n of_o pleasure_n which_o they_o call_v minifo_n and_o be_v compose_v and_o make_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o that_o of_o immortality_n but_o much_o big_a be_v common_o cast_v of_o brass_n hollow_a within_o and_o twenty_o foot_n high_a it_o carry_v a_o very_a pleasant_a countenance_n and_o like_o the_o former_a be_v very_o thick_a and_o corpulent_a with_o a_o belly_n stick_v out_o and_o that_o his_o gross_a and_o fat_a member_n may_v be_v the_o better_o see_v he_o sit_v with_o his_o whole_a body_n almost_o naked_a betwixt_o these_o sit_v in_o a_o chair_n be_v a_o image_n thirty_o foot_n high_a make_v of_o plaster_n have_v a_o crown_n upon_o his_o head_n gild_v all_o over_o rich_o apparel_v with_o several_a other_o strange_a ornament_n they_o call_v this_o the_o great_a kingang_n and_o give_v it_o a_o respect_n in_o the_o high_a manner_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v two_o other_o the_o one_o be_v the_o goddess_n which_o at_o linain_n as_o it_o be_v already_o relate_v in_o our_o former_a description_n stand_v upon_o the_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o she_o it_o be_v thirty_o foot_n high_a very_o rich_o gild_v and_o have_v stand_v in_o that_o place_n ninety_o six_o year_n and_o upward_o the_o other_o sit_v in_o a_o chair_n rich_o adorn_v resemble_v one_o of_o the_o chinese_n governor_n who_o have_v do_v his_o country_n very_o good_a service_n for_o which_o they_o honour_v he_o since_o his_o death_n after_o this_o manner_n at_o his_o foot_n as_o a_o sign_n of_o victory_n be_v portray_v a_o certain_a country_n and_o in_o his_o hand_n to_o show_v his_o authority_n he_o hold_v a_o sceptre_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n near_o to_o the_o noble_a city_n of_o chaok_v in_o a_o well-built_a temple_n stand_v another_o statue_n of_o a_o certain_a governor_n of_o a_o province_n who_o have_v do_v his_o country_n extraordinary_a service_n six_o year_n together_o and_o as_o a_o return_n of_o thankfulness_n for_o the_o same_o the_o inhabitant_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n erect_v this_o image_n and_o temple_n and_o dedicate_v it_o unto_o he_o in_o cuchiung_a near_o to_o hangan_n there_o be_v a_o great_a stone_n above_o a_o hundred_o foot_n high_a call_v xinxe_n and_o signify_v the_o holy_a stone_n which_o they_o cover_v yearly_o quite_o over_o with_o gold_n and_o then_o worship_v it_o this_o piece_n of_o idolatry_n be_v command_v by_o the_o emperor_n mung._n near_o to_o the_o city_n ciok_v upon_o the_o mountain_n xepao_n be_v a_o great_a stone_n column_n with_o the_o image_n of_o the_o idol_n fe_o and_o a_o elephant_n lion_n and_o drum_z cut_v out_o of_o stone_n each_o of_o which_o be_v of_o several_a colour_n but_o who_o workmanship_n they_o be_v or_o who_o bring_v the_o same_o thither_o be_v altogether_o unknown_a in_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n near_o to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o chunk_v be_v a_o very_a strange_a great_a hill_n upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n feu_fw-fr between_o this_o city_n and_o another_o call_v tunchuen_n and_o on_o this_o hill_n be_v a_o mountainous_a idol_n call_v fe_o it_o be_v make_v sit_v with_o his_o leg_n cross-way_n and_o his_o hand_n clap_v over_o one_o another_o before_o he_o how_o incredible_o large_a the_o same_o be_v may_v be_v guess_v at_o by_o this_o that_o traveller_n can_v plain_o see_v his_o eye_n ear_n nose_n and_o mouth_n at_o two_o miles_n distance_n chap._n ix_o of_o idol-temple_n all_o this_o country_n do_v infinite_o abound_v with_o idol-temple_n which_o be_v build_v at_o very_o great_a charge_n and_o most_o common_o situate_a without_o the_o wall_n of_o their_o city_n in_o solitary_a place_n and_o in_o these_o the_o traveller_n may_v find_v accommodation_n answerable_a to_o his_o desire_n adjoin_v to_o these_o temple_n stand_v common_o a_o tower_n with_o a_o small_a edifice_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o no_o less_o costly_a than_o artificial_o build_v these_o idolatrous_a place_n be_v fill_v with_o image_n and_o hang_v round_o with_o black_a lamp_n burn_a night_n and_o day_n in_o memory_n of_o such_o who_o live_v well_o and_o die_v happy_o when_o any_o governor_n of_o province_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v into_o their_o office_n they_o be_v swear_v in_o these_o temple_n that_o they_o shall_v faithful_o perform_v their_o duty_n i_o take_v a_o exact_a view_n of_o one_o of_o these_o structure_n of_o which_o i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o give_v this_o follow_a account_n the_o side_n of_o it_o be_v build_v with_o timber_n and_o the_o rooâ—_n tile_v the_o floor_n be_v in_o some_o place_n earth_n and_o in_o other_o of_o gray_a stone_n and_o on_o each_o of_o the_o side_n stand_v several_a great_a image_n in_o a_o row_n but_o at_o the_o entrance_n be_v one_o most_o dreadful_a to_o behold_v be_v a_o horn_v devil_n in_o a_o most_o terrible_a and_o frightful_a shape_n with_o a_o wide_a mouth_n and_o hand_n like_o the_o claw_n of_o a_o griffin_n in_o such_o a_o posture_n as_o if_o it_o will_v have_v seize_v those_o that_o enter_v within_o in_o the_o middle_n stand_v a_o altar_n upon_o which_o be_v erect_v another_o great_a image_n thirty_o foot_n high_a behind_o which_o stand_v a_o great_a number_n of_o small_a one_o before_o the_o great_a one_o there_o stand_v upon_o the_o altar_n a_o thick_a hollow_a bambo_n upon_o
will_v take_v up_o too_o much_o time_n and_o make_v this_o book_n swell_v into_o a_o large_a volume_n than_o be_v at_o first_o intend_v therefore_o to_o pass_v they_o by_o we_o will_v proceed_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o fashion_n of_o their_o ship_n of_o ship_n the_o royal_a ship_n and_o those_o of_o the_o governor_n of_o province_n exceed_v the_o rest_n and_o be_v build_v after_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o few_o or_o none_o will_v scarce_o give_v credit_n to_o the_o account_n i_o shall_v give_v of_o they_o unless_o they_o have_v see_v they_o our_o vessel_n in_o europe_n be_v in_o no_o wise_a comparable_a to_o those_o for_o they_o lie_v upon_o the_o water_n like_o high_a house_n or_o castle_n and_o be_v divide_v on_o both_o side_n with_o partition_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v a_o place_n like_o a_o hall_n furnish_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o householdstuff_n as_o table_n chair_n etc._n etc._n the_o window_n and_o door_n be_v make_v in_o the_o fashion_n of_o our_o grate_v wherein_o in_o stead_n of_o glass_n they_o use_v the_o thin_a oyster-shell_n they_o can_v get_v or_o else_o fine_a linen_n or_o silk_n which_o they_o spread_v with_o clear_a wax_n and_o adorn_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o flower_n and_o this_o keep_v out_o the_o wind_n and_o air_n better_o than_o any_o glass_n round_o about_o the_o ship_n be_v make_v gallery_n very_o commodious_a for_o the_o seaman_n to_o do_v whatever_o business_n they_o have_v without_o prejudice_n to_o the_o rig_n the_o outside_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v paint_v with_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o gum_n call_v cie_n which_o make_v it_o glitter_v and_o appear_v very_o glorious_a at_o a_o distance_n but_o within_o it_o be_v most_o curious_o paint_v with_o several_a colour_n very_o pleasant_a and_o delightful_a to_o the_o eye_n the_o plank_n and_o timber-work_n be_v so_o curious_o rift_v together_o and_o joint_v that_o there_o be_v little_a or_o no_o sign_n of_o any_o ironwork_n in_o length_n they_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o those_o in_o europe_n only_o they_o be_v low_a and_o narrow_a and_o the_o passage_n up_o into_o they_o be_v by_o a_o ladder_n twelve_o foot_n long_o the_o stern_a of_o the_o ship_n where_o the_o trumpeter_n and_o drummer_n stand_v be_v like_o a_o castle_n when_o any_o of_o these_o ship_n of_o the_o governor_n meet_v one_o another_o at_o sea_n they_o salute_v and_o give_v place_n according_a to_o their_o quality_n which_o be_v write_v in_o great_a letter_n behind_o their_o ship_n so_o that_o there_o never_o happen_v any_o dispute_n about_o precedency_n when_o it_o be_v a_o calm_a at_o sea_n and_o little_a or_o no_o wind_n stir_v to_o fill_v their_o sail_n which_o be_v make_v of_o mat_n there_o be_v certain_a man_n appoint_v to_o tow_n the_o same_o at_o such_o time_n also_o and_o as_o a_o far_a help_n they_o be_v very_o dexterous_a in_o the_o use_n of_o their_o oar_n wherewith_o they_o can_v row_v without_o pull_v they_o out_o of_o the_o water_n the_o ship_n which_o carry_v the_o fish_n call_v saull_n and_o the_o silk_n to_o the_o imperial_a court_n be_v so_o extraordinary_o curious_a and_o rich_a that_o no_o other_o can_v compare_v with_o they_o for_o they_o be_v gild_v within_o and_o without_o and_o paint_a red_n and_o such_o be_v their_o esteem_n that_o all_o other_o ship_n strike_v sail_n and_o give_v place_n to_o these_o whensoever_o or_o wheresoever_o they_o meet_v they_o in_o the_o province_n of_o nank_v near_o to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o sucheu_fw-la may_v be_v see_v several_a pleasure-boat_n or_o little_a ship_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n keep_v only_o for_o their_o pleasure_n they_o be_v very_o rich_o gild_a and_o paint_a and_o may_v more_o proper_o be_v compare_v to_o house_n than_o ship_n some_o of_o the_o chineses_n be_v so_o profuse_o in_o love_n with_o they_o that_o they_o will_v spend_v their_o estate_n aboard_o these_o vessel_n in_o eat_v and_o drink_v there_o be_v a_o vast_a and_o incredible_a number_n of_o ship_n and_o boat_n that_o pass_v daily_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o by_o which_o mean_v there_o be_v so_o great_a accommodation_n by_o water_n that_o man_n may_v pass_v from_o the_o city_n of_o maccao_n to_o the_o city_n of_o peking_n except_o one_o day_n journey_n by_o water_n also_o man_n may_v travel_v by_o boat_n from_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n through_o the_o whole_a province_n of_o suchue_n from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o to_o say_v the_o truth_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o considerable_a city_n but_o what_o have_v access_n to_o it_o by_o water_n for_o the_o native_n have_v with_o art_n and_o industry_n dig_v channel_n through_o most_o of_o the_o province_n and_o let_v in_o the_o river_n on_o purpose_n to_o carry_v their_o good_n and_o themselves_o by_o water_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a hill_n and_o desert_n which_o they_o meet_v with_o in_o a_o passage_n or_o journey_n by_o land_n of_o all_o which_o we_o have_v already_o make_v mention_n in_o our_o general_n description_n of_o china_n in_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n be_v such_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o vessel_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n proffer_v the_o emperor_n when_o he_o intend_v to_o make_v war_n upon_o those_o of_o japan_n to_o make_v he_o a_o bridge_n of_o boat_n which_o shall_v reach_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o say_a island_n of_o japan_n the_o court_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o province_n in_o each_o chief_a city_n be_v at_o least_o fifteen_o or_o twenty_o great_a house_n belong_v to_o the_o governor_n which_o be_v regard_n of_o the_o magnificence_n of_o their_o building_n may_v compare_v with_o king_n palace_n in_o other_o less_o be_v eight_o or_o nine_o great_a house_n and_o in_o every_o small_a city_n four_o which_o be_v all_o alike_o in_o fashion_n only_o they_o differ_v in_o largeness_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o governor_n at_o the_o front_n of_o each_o palace_n be_v three_o gate_n whereof_o the_o big_a stand_v in_o the_o middle_n adorn_v on_o both_o side_n with_o great_a marble_n lion_n next_o to_o this_o plano_n or_o court-yard_n pail_v in_o paint_v with_o gum_n which_o they_o call_v cie_n in_o this_o plano_n stand_v two_o small_a tower_n or_o pyramid_n curious_o adorn_v and_o furnish_v with_o several_a musical_a instrument_n upon_o which_o certain_a person_n play_v as_o often_o as_o the_o governor_n go_v out_o or_o come_v in_o within_o the_o gate_n be_v a_o large_a hall_n and_o general_o every_o great_a palace_n have_v four_o or_o five_o where_o the_o governor_n give_v audience_n to_o any_o that_o come_v about_o business_n to_o he_o on_o the_o side_n of_o this_o hall_n be_v several_a small_a apartment_n inhabit_v by_o inferior_a officer_n here_o be_v also_o two_o particular_a room_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o person_n of_o quality_n that_o come_v to_o visit_v the_o governor_n when_o you_o be_v pass_v these_o two_o room_n you_o come_v to_o three_o gate_n more_o which_o be_v seldom_o open_v but_o when_o the_o governor_n sit_v upon_o the_o bench_n of_o judicature_n the_o middlemost_a of_o these_o gate_n be_v very_o large_a through_o which_o person_n of_o quality_n be_v only_o suffer_v to_o go_v other_o people_n pass_v through_o the_o gate_n on_o each_o side_n then_o you_o come_v to_o another_o large_a plano_n at_o the_o end_n whereof_o be_v a_o great_a court_n build_v upon_o pillar_n call_v tangle_n and_o here_o the_o governor_n administer_v justice_n on_o both_o side_n thereof_o the_o courtier_n and_o inferior_a officer_n have_v their_o dwelling_n who_o never_o remove_v with_o the_o governor_n but_o live_v there_o continual_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v maintain_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o country_n next_o to_o this_o be_v a_o inward_a court_n but_o far_o exceed_v the_o former_a and_o be_v call_v sutang_n which_o signify_v private_a and_o in_o this_o court_n only_o may_v the_o near_a relation_n converse_v with_o the_o governor_n to_o these_o place_n appertain_v also_o several_a garden_n orchard_n pond_n rivers_n warrens_n and_o the_o like_a as_o well_o for_o pleasure_n and_o ornament_n as_o profit_n and_o here_o observe_v that_o the_o emperor_n furnish_v the_o governor_n not_o only_o with_o these_o palace_n but_o likewise_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o householdstuff_n provision_n and_o servant_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n and_o when_o a_o governor_n which_o be_v yet_o more_o remarkable_a happen_v to_o depart_v to_o the_o rule_n of_o another_o province_n or_o else_o to_o lay_v down_o his_o employment_n which_o fall_v out_o common_o every_o half_a year_n it_o be_v allowable_a for_o he_o to_o take_v all_o the_o household_n good_n with_o he_o and_o then_o the_o court_n be_v to_o be_v furnish_v anew_o for_o the_o succeed_a governor_n in_o cingtu_fw-la the_o first_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n suchue_n famous_a for_o trade_n there_o live_v former_o a_o
certain_a great_a prince_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o family_n of_o taminga_n who_o in_o power_n and_o imperial_a title_n can_v only_o be_v say_v to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o emperor_n for_o in_o all_o thing_n else_o he_o live_v like_o a_o king_n this_o kingly_a or_o royal_a person_n have_v a_o large_a and_o stately_a palace_n which_o be_v at_o least_o four_o italian_a mile_n in_o compass_n adorn_v with_o four_o gate_n and_o stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o city_n before_o it_o towards_o the_o south_n lay_v a_o large_a broad_a street_n full_a of_o costly_a and_o artificial_a triumphal_a arch_n near_o to_o hinghoa_n the_o seven_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n chinyven_v run_v a_o large_a water_n call_v chung_n on_o the_o side_n whereof_o stand_v a_o large_a palace_n contain_v ten_o court_n in_o this_o palace_n be_v a_o great_a wonder_n take_v notice_n of_o for_o infallible_o there_o be_v hear_v a_o noise_n against_o wind_n or_o rain_n like_v unto_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o clock_n of_o which_o although_o diligent_o inquire_v after_o no_o natural_a reason_n can_v be_v give_v concern_v the_o incomparable_a stately_a and_o costly_a structure_n of_o the_o imperial_a palace_n of_o peking_n i_o have_v already_o give_v a_o particular_a description_n in_o my_o former_a relation_n chap._n xii_o of_o river_n waterfall_n lake_n etc._n etc._n have_v speak_v at_o large_a of_o the_o chief_a thing_n which_o the_o hand_n or_o industry_n of_o mortal_a man_n have_v produce_v we_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o particularize_v such_o thing_n wherewith_o nature_n have_v abundant_o furnish_v the_o chinese_n out_o of_o her_o rich_a store_n under_o which_o name_n i_o comprehend_v rivers_n pool_n aquaduct_n hill_n wells_n earth_n plant_n tree_n animal_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o the_o like_a which_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n first_o of_o all_o there_o be_v in_o china_n two_o famous_a large_a river_n namely_o kiang_n and_o the_o yellow_a river_n the_o river_n kiang_n which_o be_v also_o call_v yangeukiang_n signify_v the_o son_n of_o the_o sea_n divide_v all_o china_n into_o a_o northern_a and_o southern_a tract_n it_o flow_v from_o west_n to_o east_n and_o receive_v several_a name_n according_a to_o the_o province_n through_o which_o it_o run_v it_o be_v first_o call_v minkiang_n from_o the_o mountain_n min_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o source_n these_o mountain_n stretch_v themselves_o westward_o of_o the_o province_n of_o suchue_n very_o far_o towards_o prester_n john_n country_n and_o come_v towards_o the_o north_n not_o far_o from_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o guei_n after_o it_o be_v get_v from_o this_o mountain_n rush_v forward_o with_o great_a violence_n it_o divide_v itself_o into_o several_a branch_n which_o turn_n and_o wind_n through_o most_o of_o the_o province_n from_o the_o city_n of_o sincin_n it_o be_v call_v sinkiang_n afterward_o receive_v a_o great_a many_o rivulet_n into_o its_o bosom_n it_o run_v before_o the_o city_n of_o svi_fw-la into_o the_o river_n call_v mahu_n from_o the_o city_n of_o liucheu_o it_o receive_v the_o name_n of_o liukiang_n and_o run_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o city_n of_o chunk_v join_v with_o the_o great_a river_n pa_n and_o embrace_n its_o name_n be_v get_v beyond_o the_o city_n of_o queicheu_fw-la it_o fall_v into_o the_o province_n of_o huquang_n and_o regain_v not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n kingcheu_o the_o old_a name_n of_o sinkiang_n thus_o far_o it_o run_v with_o many_o crooked_a meander_n and_o a_o great_a force_n of_o water_n through_o vale_n terrible_a rock_n and_o dreadful_a precipice_n which_o the_o native_n know_v do_v avoid_v and_o shun_v with_o great_a dexterity_n be_v past_o the_o city_n of_o kincheu_fw-la it_o begin_v by_o degree_n to_o run_v more_o gentle_o and_o fall_v towards_o the_o north_n into_o the_o mere_a or_o lake_n call_v tungt_v from_o whence_o it_o take_v its_o course_n before_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o sea_n foum_n which_o be_v above_o a_o hundred_o dutch_a mile_n and_o all_o this_o way_n it_o run_v so_o gentle_o that_o vessel_n may_v with_o ease_n sail_n against_o the_o stream_n and_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o this_o river_n be_v observe_v so_o far_o up_o in_o the_o country_n that_o it_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n wonderful_a to_o relate_v especial_o at_o the_o new_a or_o fullmoon_n in_o this_o place_n it_o be_v at_o least_o two_o mile_n over_o water_v and_o make_v fruitful_a the_o whole_a province_n of_o of_o nank_v and_o last_o be_v pass_v the_o city_n of_o nank_v and_o chinkiang_n it_o fall_v into_o the_o ocean_n itself_o through_o a_o great_a mouth_n in_o which_o lie_v a_o island_n and_o city_n well_o guard_v and_o provide_v with_o soldier_n and_o ship_n the_o yellow_a river_n by_o stranger_n so_o call_v from_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o water_n occasion_v by_o the_o yellowness_n of_o the_o ground_n be_v name_v hoang_n in_o the_o chinese_n language_n and_o seem_v at_o first_o to_o be_v very_o morish_a but_o the_o swiftness_n and_o great_a force_n of_o its_o run_n make_v it_o appear_v quite_o contrary_a for_o with_o so_o incredible_a a_o swiftness_n do_v this_o river_n run_v that_o no_o ship_n be_v able_a to_o sail_v up_o against_o its_o stream_n but_o be_v tow_v along_o by_o the_o main_a strength_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o track-man_n which_o may_v proceed_v from_o its_o be_v contract_v within_o so_o narrow_a bound_n for_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v but_o half_a a_o mile_n broad_a and_o in_o other_o little_a more_o but_o in_o length_n it_o extend_v above_o eight_o hundred_o mile_n by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o river_n next_o to_o that_o of_o kiang_n be_v the_o big_a and_o most_o famous_a of_o all_o china_n and_o though_o it_o be_v natural_o no_o other_o than_o a_o foreiner_n that_o have_v invade_v the_o country_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o stand_v in_o fear_n of_o their_o law_n which_o will_v not_o permit_v a_o foreiner_n to_o live_v among_o they_o but_o as_o their_o revenger_n insult_v over_o they_o by_o often_o lay_v their_o country_n under_o water_n in_o a_o most_o lamentable_a manner_n the_o hill_n quenlun_n from_o whence_o it_o have_v its_o source_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n the_o amazion_n hill_n be_v situate_v not_o far_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o laor_n or_o tihet_n and_o that_o which_o be_v more_o the_o very_a situation_n of_o those_o place_n and_o country_n do_v demonstrate_v that_o from_o the_o same_o hill_n the_o rivers_n ganges_n in_o cengala_n mesor_n in_o laor_n and_o several_a other_o famous_a stream_n which_o water_n the_o part_n of_o zion_n and_o pegu_n have_v their_o rise_n for_o the_o chineses_n believe_v and_o so_o report_n that_o there_o be_v very_o many_o great_a river_n southward_o which_o take_v their_o rise_n from_o these_o hill_n but_o to_o return_v whence_o we_o have_v digress_v after_o this_o yellow_a river_n be_v pass_v beyond_o the_o vast_a territory_n of_o sifan_n and_o taniju_n which_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o belong_v to_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n it_o run_v before_o the_o city_n lingao_n not_o far_o from_o another_o call_a king_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la in_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o great_a wall_n make_v to_o prevent_v the_o invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n reach_v towards_o the_o east_n which_o it_o likewise_o wash_v then_o it_o run_v with_o great_a fury_n as_o well_o towards_o the_o north_n as_o the_o east_n by_o one_o side_n of_o the_o vast_a wilderness_n call_v samo_n at_o least_o two_o thousand_o furlong_n and_o then_o turn_v towards_o the_o south_n where_o it_o pass_v through_o the_o gate_n see_v which_o be_v in_o the_o wall_n and_o so_o divide_v the_o two_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la and_o xansi_fw-la thence_o it_o run_v into_o several_a other_o province_n whereof_o i_o have_v former_o make_v mention_n in_o the_o description_n of_o our_o journey_n to_o peking_n the_o water_n of_o this_o yellow_a river_n be_v very_o thick_a and_o muddy_a the_o people_n report_v it_o will_v not_o grow_v clear_a in_o a_o thousand_o year_n and_o therefore_o when_o they_o speak_v of_o any_o difficult_a undertake_n they_o use_v as_o a_o proverbial_a speech_n among_o they_o to_o say_v when_o the_o yellow_a river_n be_v clear_a but_o notwithstanding_o this_o report_n of_o they_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o seaman_n which_o frequent_a this_o river_n have_v a_o art_n to_o make_v the_o water_n clear_a by_o fling_v allom_n into_o it_o which_o be_v dissolve_v therein_o make_v the_o mud_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o water-shoots_a and_o great_a fall_n of_o water_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la near_o to_o pingiao_n be_v a_o great_a fall_n of_o water_n which_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n
clear_a and_o the_o other_o muddy_a although_o any_o person_n take_v of_o the_o water_n and_o mingle_v they_o yet_o nevertheless_o they_o immediate_o part_v and_o divide_v each_o receive_v present_o their_o former_a colour_n near_o to_o jungp_v be_v a_o spring_n who_o water_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o it_o will_v boil_v a_o egg._n near_o to_o the_o city_n hiqoy_n be_v a_o hill_n call_v caotung_v upon_o which_o be_v several_a warm_a bath_n and_o hot_a spring_n near_o to_o jungcheng_n be_v a_o hill_n call_v gailo_n upon_o which_o be_v a_o very_a deep_a well_o which_o serve_v the_o inhabitant_n by_o observation_n of_o its_o rise_n or_o fall_v for_o a_o sign_n of_o a_o fruitful_a or_o barren_a year_n there_o be_v several_a other_o spring_n and_o water_n in_o many_o other_o place_n of_o china_n which_o be_v very_o remarkable_a for_o their_o quality_n and_o have_v great_a esteem_n among_o they_o because_o they_o have_v have_v sufficient_a experience_n of_o their_o virtue_n wherewith_o we_o shall_v no_o long_o detain_v the_o reader_n but_o proceed_v to_o what_o follow_v chap._n xiii_o of_o hill_n and_o mountain_n very_a curious_a and_o indeed_o nice_a even_o to_o superstition_n be_v the_o chineses_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o hill_n for_o they_o say_v and_o believe_v all_o their_o fortune_n depend_v upon_o it_o be_v place_n inhabit_v as_o they_o imagine_v by_o dragon_n unto_o who_o they_o attribute_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o their_o good_a fortune_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n when_o any_o of_o they_o intend_v to_o erect_v a_o tomb_n which_o be_v general_o do_v among_o the_o mountain_n by_o rich_a people_n they_o diligent_o examine_v the_o shape_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o hill_n for_o its_o situation_n and_o be_v very_o solicitous_a to_o discover_v a_o happy_a piece_n of_o earth_n and_o such_o they_o esteem_v so_o which_o have_v the_o resemblance_n of_o the_o head_n tail_n or_o heart_n of_o a_o dragon_n which_o once_o find_v they_o imagine_v that_o according_a to_o wish_v all_o thing_n shall_v go_v well_o with_o their_o posterity_n and_o this_o fancy_n be_v so_o general_o prevalent_a with_o they_o that_o there_o be_v many_o who_o profess_v the_o art_n of_o tell_v fortune_n by_o the_o form_n of_o hill_n in_o the_o description_n of_o hill_n and_o mountain_n i_o shall_v not_o only_o mention_v their_o largeness_n height_n etc._n etc._n but_o likewise_o their_o nature_n shape_n form_n and_o the_o beast_n that_o live_v upon_o they_o the_o mountain_n lungcve_v near_o to_o kungyang_n be_v about_o two_o mile_n and_o half_a big_a sume_v near_o to_o xaohing_n fill_v a_o place_n of_o seven_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a lofeu_n near_o to_o polo_n be_v in_o its_o circumference_n eighteen_o miles_n and_o a_o half_a tiengo_n near_o to_o pinkiang_n be_v thirty_o one_o mile_n in_o extent_n so_o also_o be_v the_o mountain_n quanghia_n near_o to_o nank_v the_o heng_n near_o to_o hoenyven_v be_v fifty_o mile_n large_a the_o then_o begin_v at_o jotyen_n and_o teach_v sixty_o three_o mile_n in_o length_n at_o kinhoa_n near_o to_o thou_o lie_v the_o mountain_n kime_v which_o be_v the_o large_a in_o extent_n of_o all_o the_o mountain_n of_o china_n the_o ximus_n near_o to_o taigan_n be_v three_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a high_a it_o be_v say_v that_o upon_o the_o top_n thereof_o at_o the_o first_o crow_v of_o the_o cock_n the_o sun_n may_v be_v see_v to_o rise_v the_o tientai_n be_v five_o mile_n high_a the_o vempi_n in_o the_o province_n of_o queicheu_o reach_v with_o its_o top_n above_o the_o cloud_n at_o sintien_n lie_v the_o mountain_n pie_n which_o be_v the_o high_a of_o all_o hill_n and_o reach_v far_o above_o the_o cloud_n near_o to_o the_o city_n xefan_n lie_v the_o mountain_n tafung_a which_o seem_v to_o touch_v the_o very_a sky_n near_o to_o cangki_n be_v a_o very_a high_a mountain_n call_v juntai_n which_o they_o entitle_v the_o throne_n of_o heaven_n the_o hocang_n be_v so_o high_a that_o it_o ascend_v ten_o thousand_o foot_n above_o the_o earth_n and_o never_o any_o rain_n or_o snow_n be_v see_v to_o fall_v upon_o it_o the_o kime_v near_o to_o the_o city_n yn_n require_v nine_o day_n travel_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o in_o quangsi_n near_o the_o city_n jeyang_n lie_v the_o mountain_n paofung_a who_o top_n reach_v to_o the_o very_a cloud_n and_o yet_o have_v a_o stone_n house_n build_v upon_o it_o there_o be_v very_o many_o other_o wonderful_a hill_n and_o mountain_n in_o the_o province_n of_o china_n which_o we_o shall_v omit_v to_o mention_v for_o brevity_n sake_n and_o shall_v proceed_v to_o speak_v of_o their_o shape_v and_o nature_n the_o hill_n of_o umuen_n show_v as_o if_o they_o hang_v in_o the_o air._n in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n be_v a_o hill_n which_o bear_v the_o shape_n of_o a_o elephant_n the_o mountain_n utung_n resemble_v the_o shape_n of_o a_o man_n stand_v upright_o with_o his_o head_n bow_v downward_o near_o to_o paoki_n be_v a_o hill_n call_v chincang_v who_o concave_a part_n be_v such_o that_o before_o stormy_a wether_n or_o thunder_n it_o will_v roar_v in_o so_o fearful_a a_o manner_n that_o the_o noise_n may_v be_v hear_v two_o mile_n near_o to_o sinyang_n be_v a_o very_a high_a and_o pleasant_a hill_n who_o top_n against_o rain_n be_v always_o cover_v with_o a_o cloud_n near_o to_o pingchai_n lie_v the_o mountain_n pequi_n of_o which_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o melt_a of_o the_o winter_n snow_n upon_o its_o top_n be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o plentiful_a year_n but_o if_o it_o continue_v all_o summer_n unmelted_a it_o be_v a_o bad_a sign_n upon_o the_o mountain_n kesin_n near_o to_o the_o garrison-city_n it_o be_v extraordinary_a cold_a near_o to_o nank_v be_v a_o great_a hill_n name_v quanglin_n which_o in_o the_o fair_a wether_n be_v always_o so_o very_o much_o cover_v with_o cloud_n that_o it_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v see_v at_o any_o little_a distance_n near_o to_o xaicheu_fw-la lie_v the_o mountain_n lingfung_a upon_o which_o if_o any_o rain_n do_v fall_v in_o the_o daytime_n a_o great_a flame_n of_o fire_n appear_v in_o the_o night_n but_o in_o dry_a wether_n there_o be_v see_v no_o such_o appearance_n the_o mountain_n hoo_n be_v call_v the_o fiery_a mountain_n because_o in_o the_o nighttime_n certain_a light_n appear_v upon_o the_o same_o as_o so_o many_o burn_a candle_n country_n people_n speak_v they_o to_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o glow-worm_n which_o creep_v out_o of_o the_o river_n by_o night_n and_o shine_v after_o this_o manner_n near_o to_o munghoa_n lie_v the_o mount_n tienul_v call_v the_o ear_n of_o heaven_n famous_a for_o a_o notable_a echo_n the_o mountain_n quan_fw-mi be_v store_v with_o brave_a hawk_n and_o kite_n which_o the_o great_a one_o use_v for_o their_o recreation_n the_o chinese_n historian_n relate_v that_o near_o to_o sinfung_a lie_v a_o very_a great_a hill_n upon_o which_o such_o wild_a beast_n and_o man_n live_v who_o like_v be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o other_o place_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n fungcao_n as_o be_v say_v the_o incomparable_a and_o seldom_o see_v phoenix_n have_v her_o nest_n under_o which_o be_v find_v a_o extraordinary_a precious_a stone_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la upon_o the_o mountain_n holan_n be_v a_o great_a race_n of_o wild_a horse_n and_o upon_o that_o of_o liniao_n breed_v several_a wild_a ox_n tiger_n and_o other_o creature_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n upon_o the_o mountain_n cutien_n a_o incredible_a thing_n to_o be_v tell_v be_v tiger_n who_o have_v leave_v off_o their_o fierceness_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v of_o that_o quality_n that_o if_o any_o be_v bring_v thither_o wild_a from_o other_o place_n they_o become_v tame_a in_o a_o short_a time_n the_o same_o thing_n happen_v to_o snake_n near_o to_o cinyven_v in_o the_o province_n of_o junnan_n be_v the_o mountain_n nilo_n where_o be_v great_a abundance_n of_o tiger_n and_o leopard_n in_o the_o province_n of_o suchue_n near_o to_o cungkiang_n upon_o a_o mountain_n call_v toyung_a be_v monkey_n which_o very_o much_o resemble_v a_o man._n near_o to_o the_o city_n changcheu_o lie_v the_o hill_n cio_o upon_o which_o be_v say_v to_o lie_v a_o stone_n of_o five_o rod_n high_a end_v eighteen_o inch_n thick_a which_o of_o its_o self_n roll_v and_o move_v up_o and_o down_o against_o foul_a wether_n near_o to_o lioyang_n upon_o the_o mountain_n yoinea_fw-mi which_o signify_v the_o mountain_n of_o the_o rich_a woman_n be_v to_o be_v see_v a_o statue_n of_o a_o very_a beautiful_a woman_n not_o make_v by_o art_n but_o grow_v there_o natural_o near_o to_o the_o city_n jengan_n in_o a_o certain_a hollow_a place_n of_o the_o mountain_n chingleang_v be_v to_o be_v see_v a_o whole_a herd_n of_o strange_a idol_n to_o the_o number_n of_o above_o a_o thousand_o
belly_n colic_n flux_n etc._n etc._n but_o person_n of_o a_o hot_a constitution_n ought_v to_o use_v it_o moderate_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o inflame_v the_o blood_n most_o of_o the_o province_n of_o china_n abound_v as_o well_o in_o all_o manner_n of_o eatable_n as_o medicinal_a herb_n we_o will_v descend_v a_o little_a to_o particular_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la near_o to_o the_o chief_a city_n kingyang_n grow_v a_o herb_n call_v kinsu_v which_o for_o its_o resemblance_n to_o a_o tuft_n of_o yellow_a hair_n the_o chineses_n call_v the_o golden_a or_o the_o gold_n thread_n of_o silkworm_n it_o be_v of_o a_o bitter_a taste_n and_o rather_o of_o a_o cool_a then_o warm_v quality_n it_o cure_v all_o manner_n of_o scurf_n of_o the_o body_n here_o also_o grow_v another_o herb_n call_v quei_z good_a against_o melancholy_n and_o occasion_v joy_n and_o gladness_n of_o heart_n if_o take_v inward_o near_o to_o cingcheu_o in_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n lie_v some_o island_n wherein_o grow_v a_o herb_n call_v lungsiu_n which_o make_v horse_n strong_a and_o swift_a if_o they_o eat_v of_o the_o same_o also_o near_o the_o same_o city_n grow_v the_o herb_n of_o a_o thousand_o year_n so_o common_o call_v but_o they_o far_o affirm_v of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v immortal_a and_o never_o die_v the_o water_n wherein_o the_o same_o have_v be_v infuse_v be_v drink_v make_v white_a hair_n black_a and_o be_v very_o good_a to_o prolong_v life_n there_o be_v beside_o these_o several_a other_o incomparable_a herb_n which_o be_v use_v among_o they_o for_o the_o cure_n of_o distemper_n of_o all_o sort_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tanyeu_n grow_v a_o certain_a herb_n very_o high_a among_o the_o rock_n which_o will_v not_o burn_v when_o fling_v into_o the_o fire_n and_o there_o keep_v for_o some_o time_n only_o it_o will_v turn_v a_o little_a red_a but_o as_o soon_o as_o out_o of_o the_o fire_n present_o recover_v its_o pristine_a and_o natural_a colour_n yet_o although_o it_o resist_v fire_n it_o immediate_o turn_v to_o dirt_n be_v put_v into_o water_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n near_o to_o kiunchen_n grow_v the_o herb_n chifung_a so_o call_v because_o it_o show_v which_o way_n the_o wind_n blow_v the_o seaman_n say_v they_o can_v discover_v by_o the_o same_o what_o stormy_a wether_n they_o shall_v have_v before_o they_o go_v to_o sea_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n near_o to_o chincheu_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v a_o kind_n of_o cloth_n of_o a_o certain_a herb_n call_v thou_o which_o be_v esteem_v far_o before_o silk_n and_o much_o dear_a but_o in_o the_o province_n of_o queicheu_o near_o to_o lipe_v they_o make_v cloth_n of_o a_o herb_n very_o like_o hemp_n and_o call_v co_n which_o be_v very_o commodious_a in_o summer_n the_o chinese_n physician_n say_v that_o upon_o the_o mountain_n tiengo_n grow_v above_o a_o hundred_o sort_n of_o simple_n all_o of_o very_o sovereign_a virtue_n but_o among_o all_o other_o china_n be_v famous_a for_o a_o herb_n call_v thea_fw-mi or_o cha_fw-mi and_o whereof_o the_o native_n and_o other_o neighbour_a people_n make_v their_o liquor_n call_v thea_fw-mi or_o cha_fw-mi take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o herb._n there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a difference_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o prepare_v and_o use_v this_o liquor_n between_o the_o chinese_n and_o those_o of_o japan_n for_o that_o the_o japanner_n beat_v the_o leave_v to_o a_o powder_n and_o mingle_v it_o with_o boil_a water_n in_o a_o cup_n which_o they_o afterward_o drink_v off_o but_o the_o chineses_n put_v the_o leave_v whole_a into_o a_o pot_n of_o boil_a water_n which_o have_v lie_v in_o steep_a for_o some_o time_n they_o sip_v off_o hot_a without_o swallow_v down_o any_o of_o the_o leave_n but_o only_o the_o quintessence_n thereof_o extract_v other_o prepare_v it_o with_o milk_n and_o a_o little_a salt_n mingle_v with_o water_n which_o be_v not_o so_o well_o approve_v but_o however_o prepare_v it_o be_v not_o only_o drink_v in_o china_n and_o other_o part_n of_o india_n but_o be_v much_o use_v likewise_o in_o divers_a other_o country_n and_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o all_o people_n that_o they_o find_v much_o good_a by_o it_o enhance_v the_o price_n and_o make_v the_o same_o be_v sell_v here_o at_o a_o very_a dear_a rate_n in_o xensi_fw-la near_o the_o city_n hacheu_o be_v great_a store_n of_o hemp_n but_o no_o flax_n grow_v in_o all_o the_o empire_n in_o kiangsi_n near_o the_o city_n kienchang_n grow_v a_o sort_n of_o rice_n so_o far_o exceed_v the_o rest_n for_o goodness_n that_o the_o emperor_n himself_o send_v for_o his_o own_o store_n from_o thence_o and_o for_o its_o excellency_n the_o chineses_n call_v it_o silver-cron_n in_o xensi_fw-la near_o the_o city_n kingyang_n grow_v another_o sort_n of_o rice_n use_v by_o the_o people_n to_o purge_v the_o body_n and_o cause_n urine_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n upon_o the_o mountain_n tienno_n near_o the_o city_n hangcheu_o grow_v mushroom_n in_o great_a abundance_n which_o be_v disperse_v into_o all_o part_n of_o the_o country_n and_o will_v keep_v good_a a_o whole_a year_n either_o dry_v or_o pickle_a this_o country_n produce_v abundance_n of_o cotton_n the_o seed_n whereof_o be_v bring_v thither_o about_o five_o hundred_o year_n since_o and_o though_o this_o fruit_n do_v likewise_o grow_v in_o other_o part_n at_o present_a as_o in_o arabia_n upon_o the_o island_n of_o cyprus_n maltha_n in_o sicily_n and_o in_o egypt_n i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o since_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o profitable_a commodity_n for_o trade_n in_o china_n to_o give_v this_o brief_a description_n thereof_o it_o grow_v upon_o a_o stalk_v almost_o three_o foot_n high_a cover_v with_o a_o red_a bark_n and_o full_a of_o prickle_n divide_v itself_o into_o several_a branch_n the_o leave_n be_v not_o much_o unlike_o those_o of_o the_o vine_n and_o divide_v into_o three_o part_n which_o for_o bigness_n may_v be_v compare_v with_o those_o of_o the_o mast-tree_n it_o bear_v a_o flower_n which_o be_v yellow_a on_o the_o outside_n and_o red_a in_o the_o middle_n from_o which_o proceed_v a_o round_a fruit_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o apple_n wherein_o when_o it_o be_v ripe_a the_o wool_n lie_v conceal_v which_o be_v afterward_o gather_v sell_v and_o dispose_v of_o to_o several_a uses_n the_o leave_n of_o the_o cotton-tree_n be_v general_o alike_o only_o here_o and_o there_o some_o be_v smooth_a soft_a and_o more_o even_a than_o other_o in_o some_o place_n of_o china_n bean_n may_v be_v see_v grow_v upon_o tree_n a_o sort_n of_o which_o near_o the_o city_n changchang_n be_v repute_v good_a against_o poison_n the_o province_n of_o quantung_n produce_v abundance_n of_o osier_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o rope_n twist_v together_o by_o nature_n of_o which_o there_o be_v whole_a mountain_n full_a in_o this_o province_n which_o be_v put_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o divers_a uses_n and_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v very_o tough_a and_o will_v not_o easy_o break_v they_o make_v sometime_o cordage_n thereof_o for_o vessel_n but_o their_o best_a use_n be_v to_o make_v soft_a mattress_n upon_o which_o most_o of_o the_o people_n the_o grandee_n and_o the_o emperor_n himself_o lay_v themselves_o naked_a when_o they_o go_v to_o sleep_v very_o neat_a and_o clean_o be_v this_o furniture_n and_o withal_o very_o cool_v in_o the_o summer_n and_o though_o the_o mattress_n be_v only_o spread_v one_o the_o bare_a floor_n yet_o they_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o fit_a place_n to_o lie_v on_o have_v be_v no_o otherwise_o accustom_a the_o whole_a island_n of_o hainan_n be_v full_a of_o these_o osier_n especial_o of_o the_o best_a which_o the_o portuguese_n call_v the_o white_a rota_n of_o flower_n there_o be_v several_a rare_a and_o well_o scent_v flower_n which_o grow_v in_o these_o part_n that_o be_v unknown_a to_o those_o of_o europe_n in_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n near_o to_o chungk_v grow_v a_o certain_a flower_n call_v meutang_n in_o high_a esteem_n among_o they_o and_o therefore_o call_v the_o king_n of_o flower_n it_o differ_v very_o little_a in_o fashion_n from_o the_o european_a rose_n but_o be_v much_o large_a and_o spread_v it_o leave_v far_a abroad_o it_o far_o surpass_v the_o rose_n in_o beauty_n but_o fall_v short_a in_o richness_n of_o scent_n it_o have_v no_o thorn_n or_o prickle_n and_o be_v general_o of_o a_o white_a colour_n mingle_v with_o a_o little_a purple_a yet_o there_o be_v some_o that_o be_v yellow_a and_o red_a this_o flower_n grow_v upon_o a_o bush_n and_o be_v careful_o cherish_v and_o plant_v in_o all_o garden_n belong_v to_o the_o grandee_n for_o one_o of_o the_o most_o choice_a flower_n in_o the_o province_n of_o huquang_n near_o the_o city_n tan_n be_v a_o great_a cataract_n
which_o occasion_n a_o mere_a wherein_o grow_v flower_n of_o a_o saffron_n colour_n who_o like_a be_v no_o where_o else_o to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o those_o country_n several_a of_o these_o flower_n grow_v upon_o one_o root_n be_v something_o big_a than_o the_o european_a lily_n and_o much_o handsome_a for_o fashion_n resemble_v tulip_n the_o leave_n of_o the_o stalk_n be_v large_a and_o round_o and_o drive_v upon_o the_o water_n as_o the_o leave_n of_o the_o weed_n do_v in_o europe_n which_o at_o their_o season_n they_o gather_v and_o dry_v and_o make_v they_o fit_a to_o be_v use_v by_o shopkeeper_n in_o stead_n of_o paper_n to_o put_v up_o their_o ware_n in_o there_o be_v in_o some_o place_n whole_a pool_n abound_v with_o these_o flower_n which_o to_o say_v truth_n grow_v not_o there_o natural_o but_o have_v be_v sow_v by_o one_o or_o other_o for_o that_o they_o be_v in_o great_a request_n among_o they_o but_o among_o all_o other_o the_o chinese_n rose_n must_v deserve_o take_v place_n which_o change_v colour_n every_o day_n twice_o for_o one_o time_n its_o all_o purple_a and_o another_o time_n as_o white_a as_o snow_n and_o be_v the_o scent_n thereof_o pleasant_a or_o delightful_a it_o may_v with_o merit_n challenge_v the_o world_n for_o a_o peer_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o queicheu_fw-la situate_v in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o flower_n call_v quei_z which_o although_o it_o grow_v in_o other_o part_n yet_o no_o where_o so_o plentiful_o as_o in_o this_o province_n and_o chief_o under_o the_o command_n of_o this_o city_n it_o grow_v upon_o a_o very_a high_a tree_n which_o have_v leaves_n proportion_v like_o they_o of_o a_o laurel_n or_o cinamon-tree_n but_o the_o flower_n be_v very_o small_a yellow_a of_o colour_n and_o have_v a_o fine_a smell_n after_o they_o be_v once_o in_o flower_n they_o continue_v a_o long_a time_n blow_v without_o wither_v or_o shed_v or_o fall_v from_o the_o tree_n and_o after_o they_o have_v do_v blow_v the_o tree_n shoot_v out_o again_o within_o a_o month_n and_o have_v fresh_a flower_n who_o colour_n be_v so_o fragrant_a that_o they_o perfume_v all_o those_o part_n where_o they_o grow_v the_o tartar_n infuse_v these_o flower_n in_o the_o juice_n of_o lemon_n wherewith_o they_o colour_v the_o hair_n of_o their_o horse_n but_o the_o chineses_n make_v delicate_a confect_v of_o they_o which_o be_v delicious_a to_o the_o taste_n and_o pleasant_a to_o the_o smell_n near_o to_o kinhoa_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n be_v a_o certain_a flower_n by_o the_o portuguese_a in_o india_n call_v mogorin_n it_o grow_v upon_o a_o very_a small_a tree_n be_v milkwhite_a and_o not_o unlike_a to_o the_o jessamy_a flower_n only_o it_o have_v more_o leave_n and_o exceed_v it_o far_o for_o smell_v for_o one_o flower_n be_v enough_o to_o perfume_v a_o whole_a house_n this_o flower_n be_v in_o very_o great_a esteem_n with_o they_o so_o that_o in_o cold_a wether_n they_o diligent_o house_n the_o pot_n in_o which_o they_o grow_v and_o last_o near_o the_o city_n pingyve_fw-mi in_o queicheu_o grow_v in_o great_a abundance_n the_o well_o scent_v jessamy_n of_o reed_n in_o the_o forego_n part_n of_o this_o chapter_n you_o have_v have_v some_o example_n of_o the_o variety_n of_o herb_n plant_n flower_n etc._n etc._n produce_v in_o several_a part_n of_o china_n i_o shall_v now_o say_v something_o of_o the_o different_a sort_n of_o reed_n grow_v there_o and_o first_o in_o xanhung_a near_o tengcheu_o grow_v a_o reed_n that_o be_v natural_o foursquare_a in_o huquang_n near_o the_o mountain_n grow_v a_o sort_n of_o reed_n which_o will_v last_v only_o three_o year_n but_o like_o a_o careful_a sire_n before_o it_o die_v it_o shoot_v out_o afresh_o at_o the_o root_n thus_o every_o three_o year_n renew_v by_o death_n and_o rise_v again_o in_o the_o province_n of_o nank_v near_a hoaigan_n be_v a_o great_a mere_n wherein_o grow_v very_o large_a and_o high_a reed_n great_o esteem_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o quanhung_a near_o the_o city_n lochang_n upon_o the_o mountain_n change_v grow_v a_o black_a reed_n whereof_o the_o chineses_n make_v pipe_n and_o several_a other_o thing_n of_o as_o pure_a a_o black_a and_o shine_a colour_n as_o if_o they_o be_v make_v of_o ebony_n in_o the_o same_o province_n upon_o the_o mountain_n lofen_n grow_v a_o reed_n that_o exceed_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o length_n and_o thickness_n the_o stalk_n be_v at_o least_o four_o foot_n thick_a in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n near_o the_o city_n of_o chucheu_fw-la run_v a_o rivulet_n in_o which_o grow_v several_a sort_n of_o reed_n or_o cane_n as_o hard_o as_o iron_n and_o oftentimes_o three_o handful_n thick_a and_o although_o they_o be_v hollow_a yet_o be_v they_o of_o strength_n sufficient_a to_o bear_v a_o great_a burden_n without_o break_v the_o big_a grow_v three_o or_o four_o rod_n high_a some_o have_v green_a stalk_n other_o coal-black_a they_o make_v a_o very_a pleasant_a show_n not_o only_o because_o of_o the_o flourish_a verdure_n of_o the_o leave_n for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o year_n but_o also_o because_o of_o the_o several_a colour_n produce_v by_o the_o various_a sort_n that_o grow_v altogether_o of_o these_o notwithstanding_o their_o hardness_n beforementioned_a such_o as_o be_v skilful_a artist_n and_o know_v how_o to_o split_v the_o same_o into_o very_o thin_a piece_n make_v mattress_n basket_n cane_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o thin_a and_o small_a sort_n they_o make_v pike_n and_o lance_n which_o have_v sharp_a iron_n at_o the_o end_n they_o put_v they_o likewise_o to_o several_a other_o use_n especial_o for_o the_o make_n of_o perspective-glass_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v light_n straight_o thick_a and_o firm_a the_o water_n that_o run_v from_o this_o reed_n when_o it_o be_v lay_v green_a upon_o the_o fire_n be_v find_v be_v take_v inward_o to_o be_v very_o sovereign_a to_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o body_n all_o putrified_a blood_n occasion_v by_o blow_n fall_n or_o otherwise_o the_o young_a shoot_v of_o it_o before_o they_o have_v any_o leave_n be_v boil_v with_o flesh_n like_o turnip_n and_o pickle_v in_o vinegar_n be_v keep_v all_o the_o year_n for_o sauce_n among_o these_o various_a sort_n of_o reed_n may_v be_v comprehend_v another_o kind_n that_o grow_v upon_o some_o mountain_n in_o china_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o indian_n rotang_n but_o in_o europe_n rot_v or_o japan_n cane_n and_o though_o these_o cane_n be_v use_v in_o europe_n to_o walk_v with_o yet_o the_o young_a branch_n thereof_o be_v full_a of_o juice_n be_v eat_v raw_a by_o the_o chinese_n when_o these_o cane_n be_v dry_v and_o strike_v one_o against_o another_o there_o will_v fly_v spark_n of_o fire_n from_o they_o as_o from_o a_o flint_n and_o as_o such_o they_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o indies_n this_o sort_n of_o reed_n be_v very_o tough_a and_o be_v green_a be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o stead_n of_o cord_n to_o tie_v or_o bind_v any_o thing_n withal_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o java_n japan_n and_o other_o islander_n make_v therewith_o cable_n for_o anchor_n which_o will_v last_v long_o in_o salt_n water_n than_o rope_n make_v of_o hemp_n and_o when_o any_o merchant_n ship_n trading_n thither_o from_o europe_n need_v any_o they_o make_v use_v of_o these_o they_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o hold_v the_o weighty_a anchor_n the_o fruit_n of_o this_o rot_v or_o cane_n be_v eatable_a and_o pleasant_a to_o the_o palate_n in_o form_n somewhat_o round_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o ball_n have_v a_o shell_n like_o a_o chestnut_n hard_a but_o brittle_a upon_o every_o joint_n from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n sprout_n out_o a_o small_a branch_n in_o stead_n of_o leave_n upon_o which_o hang_v the_o fruit_n in_o cluster_n within_o the_o body_n of_o this_o fruit_n be_v a_o white_a kernel_n from_o which_o they_o extract_v a_o oil_n not_o only_o good_a to_o eat_v but_o very_o sovereign_a in_o the_o cure_n of_o wound_n if_o dress_v therewith_o so_o that_o the_o indian_a slave_n if_o they_o receive_v hurt_v at_o any_o time_n from_o these_o rotting_n or_o cane_n wherewith_o they_o be_v wont_n to_o be_v correct_v they_o forthwith_o make_v use_n of_o this_o oil_n beside_o these_o beforementioned_a there_o be_v find_v as_o well_o in_o china_n as_o divers_a other_o part_n of_o the_o indies_n two_o other_o different_a sort_n which_o be_v by_o the_o indian_n call_v bamboes_n the_o small_a of_o these_o be_v very_o full_a of_o pith_n but_o the_o other_o do_v so_o far_o exceed_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o bigness_n that_o i_o do_v not_o wonder_v in_o the_o least_o if_o some_o writer_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a have_v sometime_o call_v it_o a_o tree_n this_o kind_n call_v
bamboes_n grow_v in_o morish_n or_o fenny_a ground_n and_o be_v very_o straight_o but_o in_o its_o growth_n they_o bend_v it_o on_o purpose_n to_o prepare_v it_o for_o their_o use_n which_o ss_z to_o make_v chair_n of_o such_o as_o they_o be_v carry_v in_o of_o the_o body_n of_o this_o tree_n the_o chineses_n sometime_o make_v their_o wherry_n in_o which_o they_o row_v with_o great_a swiftness_n upon_o the_o river_n the_o leave_v hereof_o be_v somewhat_o like_o those_o of_o the_o olive-tree_n of_o tree_n this_o empire_n do_v also_o very_o much_o abound_v with_o tree_n not_o only_o such_o as_o grow_v in_o europe_n but_o several_a other_o of_o a_o more_o strange_a nature_n not_o know_v in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n in_o the_o province_n of_o suchue_n in_o the_o small_a city_n of_o kien_n stand_v a_o certain_a idol-temple_n wherein_o be_v a_o tree_n call_v cieennien_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o tree_n of_o of_o a_o thousand_o year_n which_o be_v so_o prodigious_o large_a that_o two_o hundred_o sheep_n may_v stand_v in_o covert_n under_o one_o branch_n of_o it_o without_o be_v see_v though_o you_o come_v very_o near_o to_o it_o in_o the_o same_o province_n likewise_o grow_v a_o sort_n of_o bean_n upon_o a_o tree_n which_o be_v so_o exceed_o hard_a that_o the_o people_n by_o reason_n thereof_o have_v give_v they_o the_o name_n of_o stone-bean_n in_o the_o province_n of_o huquang_n grow_v a_o tree_n name_v the_o tree_n of_o sleep_n for_o that_o as_o some_o report_n a_o branch_n of_o this_o tree_n apply_v to_o any_o part_n of_o the_o body_n cause_v a_o sweet_a and_o pleasant_a sleep_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n near_o to_o the_o small_a city_n singhiang_n grow_v such_o extraordinary_a large_a tree_n that_o fourscore_o man_n be_v not_o able_a to_o fathom_v they_o about_o nay_o further_o there_o be_v some_o of_o those_o tree_n ni_fw-fr fallit_fw-la fama_fw-la of_o that_o vast_a bigness_n that_o one_o branch_n will_v cover_v at_o least_o forty_o men._n in_o the_o province_n of_o macao_n be_v a_o tree_n by_o the_o portuguese_n call_v the_o iron-tree_n in_o regard_n the_o wood_n thereof_o both_o for_o colour_n heaviness_n and_o hardness_n resemble_v iron_n and_o sink_v immediate_o when_o put_v into_o the_o water_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n near_o chaok_v grow_v great_a store_n of_o sweet_a and_o well-scented_n wood_n whereof_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v table_n chair_n chest_n and_o the_o like_a in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n the_o inhabitant_n make_v linen_n cloth_n of_o the_o leave_n of_o tree_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n be_v several_a wood_n consist_v of_o mulberry-tree_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n cut_v every_o year_n that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o grow_v up_o to_o any_o largeness_n for_o they_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o leave_n of_o the_o low_a tree_n make_v the_o best_a silk_n so_o that_o by_o this_o only_a mean_n all_o that_o keep_v silkworm_n know_v very_o well_o how_o to_o distinguish_v the_o first_o spin_v of_o the_o silk_n from_o the_o second_o because_o the_o first_o be_v the_o product_n of_o the_o soft_a and_o tender_a leave_n which_o shoot_v forth_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o be_v then_o eat_v by_o the_o worm_n but_o the_o hard_a and_o sour_a summer-leaves_a make_v the_o second_o spin_v which_o alteration_n of_o food_n do_v occasion_n so_o great_a a_o difference_n in_o the_o work_n of_o these_o small_a creature_n and_o such_o be_v the_o infinite_a abundance_n of_o silk_n in_o this_o province_n that_o ten_o suit_n of_o silk_n may_v there_o be_v buy_v cheap_a than_o you_o can_v buy_v one_o of_o cloth_n here_o in_o europe_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n near_o the_o city_n cincheu_o be_v great_a store_n of_o cinamon-tree_n which_o differ_v only_o in_o this_o from_o that_o of_o ceylon_n in_o that_o it_o be_v strong_a of_o scent_n and_o hot_a upon_o the_o tongue_n the_o tree_n upon_o which_o it_o grow_v be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o orange-tree_n and_o 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for_o afterward_o when_o it_o be_v dry_a it_o stick_v so_o fast_o to_o the_o innermost_a bark_n that_o it_o can_v neither_o be_v see_v nor_o taste_v nor_o peel_a off_o the_o green_a inward_a bark_n when_o this_o outward_a rind_n be_v take_v off_o be_v slippery_a and_o smooth_a be_v thus_o peel_a off_o and_o cleanse_v it_o be_v cut_v into_o foursquare_a piece_n and_o lay_v a_o dry_n in_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v afterward_o roll_v up_o and_o put_v into_o barrel_n and_o so_o transport_v into_o europe_n in_o the_o same_o form_n as_o we_o have_v it_o and_o see_v it_o sell_v in_o all_o part_n after_o the_o bark_n be_v peel_a off_o the_o tree_n will_v stand_v two_o or_o three_o year_n naked_a without_o get_v a_o new_a bark_n but_o after_o that_o time_n the_o bark_n will_v re-increase_a and_o become_v fit_a to_o be_v new_a peel_a the_o inhabitant_n say_v that_o the_o root_n of_o this_o tree_n produce_v a_o sap_n not_o unlike_a to_o camphire_n the_o chineses_n and_o likewise_o those_o of_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n distil_v from_o the_o green_a bark_n and_o the_o fresh_a flower_n almost_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o those_o of_o europe_n make_v cinamon-water_n a_o certain_a liquor_n which_o they_o apply_v to_o several_a uses_n in_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n these_o cinamon-tree_n grow_v in_o such_o abundance_n that_o they_o supply_v all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n with_o their_o bark_n and_o will_v produce_v more_o than_o can_v be_v spend_v if_o the_o islander_n do_v not_o sometime_o burn_v whole_a wood_n but_o this_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o as_o this_o island_n be_v very_o fruitful_a in_o the_o product_n of_o cinnamon_n so_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n neither_o clove_n nor_o nutmeg-tree_n will_v grow_v upon_o it_o in_o some_o few_o place_n of_o china_n there_o grow_v clove_n pepper_n and_o nutmeg_n but_o in_o small_a quantity_n so_o that_o most_o of_o those_o spice_n be_v common_o bring_v from_o other_o place_n now_o in_o regard_n it_o will_v not_o be_v unpleasant_a to_o the_o reader_n to_o peruse_v the_o nature_n of_o these_o tree_n and_o fruit_n i_o shall_v declare_v in_o a_o few_o word_n what_o i_o have_v observe_v concern_v they_o whereof_o no_o mention_n have_v be_v make_v by_o any_o other_o former_a writer_n the_o tree_n upon_o which_o the_o clove_n grow_v be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o ordinary_a pear-tree_n and_o grow_v after_o the_o same_o form_n the_o leave_n hang_v upon_o long_a stalk_n and_o grow_v sometime_o single_a and_o sometime_o in_o cluster_n it_o have_v several_a great_a and_o lesser_a branch_n each_o whereof_o end_n in_o very_o thin_a shoot_v upon_o who_o top_n grow_v small_a stalk_n where_o sit_v the_o clove_n in_o cluster_n within_o the_o head_n of_o the_o clove_n grow_v also_o a_o flower_n which_o yield_v a_o very_a pleasant_a scent_n as_o well_o as_o the_o fruit_n but_o be_v much_o more_o fragrant_a in_o dry_a wether_n than_o in_o wet_a upon_o which_o also_o depend_v the_o fruitfulness_n or_o unfruitfulness_n of_o it_o for_o in_o a_o dry_a year_n there_o be_v more_o fruit_n than_o leave_v upon_o the_o tree_n but_o although_o extraordinary_a heat_n be_v the_o most_o seasonable_a wether_n for_o these_o tree_n yet_o they_o do_v not_o always_o yield_v a_o like_a plentiful_a harvest_n for_o about_o the_o second_o or_o three_o and_o sometime_o about_o the_o seven_o year_n the_o crop_n be_v much_o worse_o the_o clove_n be_v first_o read_v of_o colour_n but_o afterward_o turn_v black_a and_o be_v gather_v in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n october_n and_o november_n either_o with_o the_o hand_n or_o else_o beat_v off_o with_o a_o long_a reed_n such_o as_o be_v leave_v upon_o the_o tree_n grow_v much_o big_a than_o those_o that_o be_v gather_v and_o fall_v off_o of_o themselves_o the_o next_o year_n which_o though_o
suffer_v to_o pass_v by_o they_o unregarded_a in_o the_o day_n this_o creature_n live_v upon_o the_o land_n and_o in_o the_o night_n in_o the_o water_n when_o it_o be_v gorge_v with_o eat_v and_o be_v fall_v asleep_a with_o his_o mouth_n full_a of_o meat_n a_o small_a bird_n call_v trochicus_fw-la and_o in_o italian_a the_o king_n of_o bird_n come_v to_o he_o as_o he_o lie_v with_o his_o mouth_n open_a and_o cleanse_v his_o tooth_n with_o pick_v and_o scrape_v wherewith_o the_o crocodile_n be_v so_o high_o please_v that_o he_o open_v his_o throat_n as_o wide_a as_o be_v possible_a that_o so_o the_o bird_n may_v scour_v the_o same_o for_o which_o kindness_n it_o bear_v it_o much_o friendship_n the_o chineses_n eat_v the_o flesh_n thereof_o with_o great_a delight_n it_o be_v report_v that_o termus_n king_n of_o egypt_n swim_v among_o they_o stark_o naked_a have_v his_o body_n only_o anoint_v with_o the_o grease_n of_o they_o in_o the_o river_n chaok_v be_v a_o fish_n call_v the_o swim_v cow_n which_o come_v often_o out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o fight_v at_o land_n with_o the_o tame_a cow_n to_o their_o great_a hazard_n till_o its_o horn_n grow_v weak_a by_o stay_v out_o of_o the_o water_n which_o may_v be_v discern_v by_o their_o turn_n yellow_a then_o with_o all_o speed_n it_o return_v into_o the_o water_n where_o the_o horn_n grow_v hard_a again_o near_o to_o caocheu_fw-la there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v a_o strange_a kind_n of_o creature_n in_o the_o sea_n have_v a_o head_n like_o a_o bird_n and_o a_o tail_n like_o a_o fish_n in_o its_o belly_n be_v find_v some_o precious_a stone_n between_o this_o city_n and_o the_o island_n hainan_n be_v take_v a_o sort_n of_o crab_n which_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o water_n become_v petrify_v and_o immediate_o turn_v into_o stone_n the_o portuguese_n and_o chineses_n make_v great_a use_n of_o they_o for_o the_o cure_n of_o ague_n in_o the_o province_n of_o suchue_n near_o the_o city_n of_o chunk_v be_v great_a store_n of_o land-tortoise_n of_o several_a size_n some_o very_a large_a and_o other_o very_o small_a which_o the_o inhabitant_n keep_v in_o their_o house_n for_o their_o pleasure_n but_o in_o quantung_n near_o to_o hoeicheu_o there_o be_v catch_v in_o the_o sea_n such_o very_a large_a tortoise_n that_o they_o look_v like_o little_a rock_n at_o a_o distance_n the_o land_n as_o well_o as_o the_o sea-tortoise_n engender_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o adder-snake_n the_o male_a get_n upon_o the_o female_a they_o lay_v egg_n like_o hen_n egg_n but_o lesser_a and_o more_o oval_a it_o be_v say_v of_o they_o that_o they_o live_v under_o ground_n in_o the_o winter_n without_o eat_v they_o be_v afraid_a of_o the_o eagle_n which_o make_v a_o prey_n of_o they_o take_v they_o up_o and_o let_v they_o fall_v till_o they_o break_v they_o make_v but_o little_a noise_n yet_o loud_o than_o the_o snake_n whether_o they_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v among_o flesh_n or_o fish_n be_v still_o to_o be_v determine_v some_o account_v they_o among_o fish_n and_o eat_v they_o in_o lent_n other_o think_v the_o contrary_a because_o they_o have_v foot_n and_o draw_v breath_n the_o land-tortoise_n shell_n be_v very_o hard_a and_o like_o ebony_n nor_o will_v they_o bend_v like_o those_o of_o the_o sea_n but_o they_o be_v full_a of_o knob_n upon_o the_o top_n and_o most_o of_o they_o of_o fine_a colour_n yellow_a and_o brown_a as_o if_o they_o be_v paint_v with_o cross_n star_n and_o other_o figure_n they_o thrust_v out_o their_o head_n and_o foot_n which_o when_o they_o draw_v in_o as_o they_o can_v at_o pleasure_n they_o seem_v to_o be_v immovable_a they_o differ_v very_o much_o in_o bigness_n some_o be_v no_o big_a than_o a_o man_n fist._n in_o virginia_n be_v tortoise_n of_o three_o and_o four_o foot_n long_o with_o two_o head_n which_o be_v very_o malicious_a and_o give_v to_o bite_a in_o the_o island_n mauritius_n be_v some_o tortoise_n so_o large_a that_o they_o will_v carry_v four_o or_o five_o man_n stand_v upon_o they_o their_o shell_n be_v of_o so_o capacious_a a_o extent_n that_o ten_o person_n may_v sit_v in_o one_o of_o they_o but_o the_o sea-tortoise_n be_v much_o large_a than_o those_o of_o the_o land_n john_n de_fw-mi lery_z writes_z that_o there_o be_v one_o take_v by_o their_o fleet_n which_o give_v eighty_o person_n their_o belly_n full_a their_o shell_n be_v much_o smooth_a and_o flatter_v than_o the_o other_o and_o very_o curious_o wrinkle_v in_o hot_a water_n they_o will_v bend_v into_o any_o shape_n which_o the_o other_o can_v do_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o hardness_n so_o that_o artificer_n make_v comb_n and_o box_n of_o they_o in_o stead_n of_o foot_n they_o have_v fin_n wherewith_o they_o swim_v as_o other_o fish_n but_o they_o lie_v much_o upon_o their_o back_n and_o swim_v sleep_v upon_o the_o water_n the_o flesh_n of_o this_o creature_n be_v luscious_a and_o taste_v like_o veal_n be_v interlard_v with_o yellowish_a fat_n the_o female_a lay_v her_o egg_n by_o night_n and_o bury_v they_o in_o the_o sand_n which_o be_v hatch_v in_o six_o week_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n chap._n xvii_o of_o some_o thing_n more_o than_o natural_a and_o strange_a pool_n in_o the_o last_o seven_o chapter_n i_o speak_v of_o great_a and_o admirable_a thing_n yet_o such_o as_o be_v not_o beyond_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o nature_n but_o in_o this_o i_o shall_v treat_v of_o some_o more_o wonderful_a which_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v credit_v though_o the_o chineses_n do_v firm_o believe_v the_o same_o in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la near_o the_o city_n vucung_n be_v a_o hill_n call_v taipe_a whereupon_o if_o a_o drum_n be_v beat_v present_o follow_v thunder_n lightning_n and_o stormy_a wether_n insomuch_o that_o the_o magistrate_n have_v forbid_v all_o person_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o beat_v any_o drum_n there_o the_o river_n tan_n have_v red_a fish_n with_o who_o blood_n as_o the_o chineses_n write_v and_o fancy_n whosoever_o anoint_v their_o foot_n they_o may_v wade_v over_o this_o river_n without_o sink_v add_v further_o that_o if_o the_o water_n of_o this_o river_n be_v but_o stir_v all_o the_o fish_n present_o rise_v and_o swim_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n and_o make_v it_o look_v as_o red_a as_o fire_n from_o whence_o in_o probability_n it_o have_v its_o name_n for_o tan_n signify_v red._n in_o the_o province_n of_o xantung_n near_o the_o city_n nivyang_n be_v a_o spring_n in_o high_a esteem_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o they_o very_o believe_v that_o whosoever_o drink_v of_o 〈◊〉_d it_o make_v they_o long-lived_a in_o suchue_n near_o the_o city_n chingtu_fw-fr be_v the_o most_o large_a and_o extensive_a mountain_n chingch_v upon_o which_o according_a to_o the_o vain_a belief_n of_o the_o chinese_n the_o immortal_a man_n meet_v to_o converse_v in_o the_o province_n of_o huquang_n upon_o mountain_n of_o a_o incredible_a height_n and_o bigness_n inhabit_v none_o but_o wild_a and_o uncivilise_v people_n near_o to_o liencheng_v a_o city_n of_o quantung_n lie_v a_o great_a hill_n call_v uhoang_v where_o grow_v a_o sort_n of_o fruit_n who_o like_a be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v any_o where_o else_o for_o you_o may_v eat_v as_o much_o as_o you_o please_v but_o you_o must_v carry_v none_o away_o and_o while_o you_o endeavour_v so_o to_o do_v you_o can_v never_o find_v the_o way_n down_o in_o the_o province_n of_o junnan_n near_o the_o city_n chinkiang_n be_v to_o this_o day_n a_o great_a stone_n to_o be_v see_v where_o simulo_fw-la who_o possess_v the_o kingdom_n of_o mung_n give_v audience_n to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o another_o king_n who_o upon_o the_o delivery_n of_o their_o message_n not_o satisfy_v he_o he_o arise_v in_o anger_n and_o take_v his_o sword_n naked_a into_o his_o hand_n strike_v with_o it_o so_o violent_o upon_o the_o stone_n that_o the_o blow_v pierce_v above_o three_o foot_n into_o it_o and_o with_o threaten_a word_n say_v to_o the_o ambassador_n go_v and_o acquaint_v your_o king_n what_o sword_n i_o have_v this_o happen_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o iliaouvus_fw-la the_o founder_n of_o the_o race_n of_o hana_n which_o incorporate_v the_o powerful_a kingdom_n of_o mung_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n near_o the_o city_n munghoa_n in_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n lie_v the_o mountain_n funghoang_v which_o took_v its_o name_n from_o the_o phoenix_n because_o it_o die_v upon_o the_o same_o after_o it_o have_v sing_v there_o a_o while_n most_o delicious_o the_o chineses_n relate_v that_o there_o be_v a_o general_a assembly_n of_o bird_n once_o every_o year_n upon_o this_o mountain_n to_o lament_v the_o death_n of_o the_o say_a phoenix_n of_o which_o time_n the_o inhabitant_n take_v notice_n climb_v up_o by_o
before_o hint_v for_o above_o seventy_o three_o year_n with_o so_o great_a animosity_n that_o at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1278._o the_o whole_a empire_n be_v subdue_v by_o they_o the_o tartar_n after_o this_o so_o total_a a_o conquest_n settle_v a_o new_a lineage_n of_o their_o own_o country_n in_o the_o throne_n call_v ivena_n who_o offspring_n for_o nine_o generation_n bring_v forth_o successive_a emperor_n who_o govern_v the_o empire_n peaceable_o one_o after_o another_o the_o tartar_n have_v thus_o long_o peaceable_o enjoy_v the_o whole_a grow_v at_o last_o to_o degenerate_v through_o the_o pleasure_n and_o plenty_n which_o they_o find_v there_o so_o that_o by_o degree_n they_o forget_v themselves_o and_o pedetentim_fw-la inch_n by_o inch_n as_o it_o be_v enure_v themselves_o to_o the_o chinese_n custom_n and_o manner_n neglect_v their_o place_n of_o strength_n and_o force_n till_o at_o last_o in_o stead_n of_o warlike_a soldier_n they_o be_v grow_v effeminate_a chineses_n and_o though_o these_o tartar_a prince_n do_v govern_v with_o great_a care_n and_o prudence_n yet_o the_o chineses_n can_v not_o forget_v the_o great_a and_o horrible_a slaughter_v of_o their_o ancestor_n who_o bleed_a carcase_n lie_v as_o it_o be_v before_o their_o eye_n excite_v they_o to_o revenge_n and_o be_v likewise_o inward_o stimulate_v with_o a_o desire_n of_o liberty_n they_o have_v now_o already_o get_v the_o same_o in_o their_o thought_n which_o be_v yet_o far_o off_o and_o with_o great_a hazard_n to_o be_v seek_v for_o although_o the_o people_n be_v every_o where_o ready_a to_o revolt_v and_o shake_v off_o the_o tartar_n yoke_n yet_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o the_o grandee_n or_o man_n of_o eminency_n dare_v lead_v the_o dance_n or_o break_v the_o ice_n but_o what_o providence_n ordain_v to_o be_v do_v shall_v never_o want_v mean_n to_o be_v effect_v as_o will_v plain_o appear_v by_o the_o sequel_n for_o while_o the_o great_a one_o dare_v not_o and_o the_o commons_o with_o a_o leader_n can_v not_o do_v aught_o at_o last_o a_o poor_a despicable_a fellow_n appear_v who_o name_n be_v chu_n and_o the_o servant_n of_o a_o priest_n this_o chu_n who_o take_v compassion_n of_o the_o miserable_a state_n of_o his_o oppress_a countryman_n and_o a_o displeasure_n in_o his_o own_o despicable_a fortune_n be_v of_o a_o high_a lofty_a and_o ambitious_a spirit_n leave_v his_o cloister_n and_o cell_n in_o which_o he_o have_v live_v for_o some_o year_n upon_o a_o high_a mountain_n and_o betake_v himself_o to_o a_o secular_a life_n among_o robber_n and_o highwayman_n among_o who_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o become_v the_o vile_a and_o most_o wicked_a not_o fear_v to_o act_v what_o some_o spirit_n will_v tremble_v at_o the_o thought_n of_o so_o that_o for_o his_o great_a courage_n and_o boldness_n they_o begin_v to_o look_v upon_o he_o as_o the_o person_n that_o shall_v deliver_v their_o oppress_a country_n this_o imagination_n of_o his_o associate_n elevate_a his_o valou_n and_o be_v withal_o of_o a_o fluent_a and_o voluble_a tongue_n very_o quick_a of_o apprehension_n and_o of_o great_a understanding_n he_o never_o fail_v of_o courage_n conduct_v nor_o success_n so_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o grow_v so_o considerable_a in_o power_n and_o credit_n among_o the_o rabble_n that_o choose_v he_o their_o leader_n he_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v some_o thousand_o into_o the_o field_n be_v get_v thus_o into_o a_o posture_n not_o only_o to_o defend_v himself_o but_o to_o offend_v his_o enemy_n he_o resolve_v to_o show_v himself_o in_o the_o field_n for_o the_o deliverance_n of_o his_o country_n from_o the_o tartar_n vassalage_n under_o which_o they_o groan_v and_o thereupon_o begin_v to_o forsake_v his_o holes_n and_o fastness_n upon_o the_o mountain_n and_o to_o appear_v with_o his_o army_n upon_o the_o plain_a the_o fame_n whereof_o once_o noise_v make_v his_o force_n increase_v daily_o in_o number_n among_o who_o with_o his_o good_a conduct_n and_o courage_n he_o so_o prevail_v that_o he_o win_v their_o heart_n so_o that_o they_o think_v nothing_o too_o much_o to_o do_v for_o he_o and_o to_o show_v as_o well_o his_o providence_n as_o valour_n he_o cause_v the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n to_o be_v plough_v and_o manure_v to_o keep_v himself_o and_o his_o army_n from_o starve_v in_o case_n he_o shall_v be_v overpower_v by_o his_o enemy_n and_o force_v to_o retreat_v thither_o again_o chu_n at_o last_o encourage_v by_o these_o fortunate_a beginning_n draw_v his_o army_n together_o make_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o fight_v they_o who_o not_o expect_v such_o a_o onset_n be_v soon_o beat_v and_o afterward_o overcome_v in_o several_a fight_v in_o which_o he_o be_v still_o victorious_a yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o soldier_n fury_n and_o rage_n of_o war_n he_o still_o spare_v the_o native_a chineses_n promise_v to_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o liberty_n if_o they_o will_v forsake_v the_o tartar_n and_o adhere_v to_o hun_n by_o these_o mean_n and_o his_o continual_a spy_n which_o he_o have_v every_o where_o to_o give_v he_o intelligence_n he_o discover_v the_o design_n of_o the_o destroyer_n of_o his_o country_n who_o he_o so_o close_o pursue_v that_o they_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o quit_v the_o country_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n which_o redemption_n be_v effect_v in_o the_o year_n 1368._o when_o now_o chu_n from_o a_o mean_a servant_n have_v thus_o raise_v himself_o by_o drive_v those_o insult_a tartar_n out_o of_o the_o empire_n he_o erect_v in_o that_o year_n a_o new_a race_n which_o he_o call_v taicinga_n and_o change_v his_o own_o name_n according_a to_o custom_n he_o call_v himself_o hunguvus_n that_o be_v a_o great_a warrior_n he_o be_v no_o soon_o settle_v in_o the_o throne_n but_o the_o people_n out_o of_o all_o the_o province_n come_v to_o acknowledge_v and_o salute_v this_o their_o deliverer_n the_o whole_a country_n be_v overjoy_v that_o they_o have_v once_o again_o get_v one_o of_o their_o own_o native_n though_o of_o mean_a extraction_n to_o be_v their_o head_n and_o governor_n for_o it_o be_v the_o natural_a temper_n of_o that_o people_n to_o hate_v and_o vilify_v all_o foreigner_n but_o high_o to_o esteem_v of_o their_o own_o countryman_n humble_o request_v of_o he_o that_o he_o will_v take_v care_n as_o a_o native_a of_o china_n with_o such_o prudence_n to_o govern_v and_o protect_v the_o chinese_n throne_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v necessitate_v hereafter_o to_o call_v in_o a_o foreiner_n hunguvus_n thank_v they_o for_o their_o affection_n and_o take_v into_o his_o own_o hand_n the_o whole_a sovereignty_n seat_v himself_o in_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o nank_v where_o he_o behave_v himself_o with_o so_o much_o honour_n that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o so_o settle_v the_o affair_n of_o his_o empire_n that_o the_o people_n live_v under_o he_o in_o great_a security_n and_o freedom_n but_o this_o settlement_n he_o know_v will_v not_o long_o continue_v unless_o he_o provide_v to_o secure_v all_o from_o abroad_o therefore_o to_o prevent_v future_a trouble_n from_o his_o now_o vanquish_a foe_n and_o that_o the_o tartar_n who_o he_o have_v thus_o drive_v out_o may_v not_o rally_v and_o make_v head_n again_o he_o follow_v his_o advantage_n and_o conquest_n and_o with_o a_o considerable_a army_n enter_v tartary_n overcome_v they_o in_o several_a battle_n and_o so_o ruin_v their_o country_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o lay_v down_o their_o arm_n with_o a_o promise_n to_o pay_v he_o tribute_n these_o be_v those_o tartar_n who_o after_o the_o overthrow_v give_v they_o as_o before_z relate_v flee_v into_o the_o country_n of_o ninche_n and_o indeed_o after_o those_o of_o ninche_n have_v make_v their_o peace_n with_o the_o emperor_n they_o bring_v yearly_a their_o present_n unto_o he_o as_o his_o subject_n and_o friend_n and_o be_v permit_v to_o trade_n in_o his_o dominion_n as_o his_o vassal_n and_o since_o that_o time_n have_v never_o have_v any_o thought_n of_o war_n but_o rather_o be_v fearful_a to_o give_v any_o offence_n leave_v they_o shall_v draw_v thereby_o any_o ill_a will_n upon_o themselves_o and_o so_o fall_v into_o new_a trouble_n for_o in_o the_o last_o war_n they_o be_v reduce_v into_o most_o miserable_a extremity_n and_o thus_o we_o see_v the_o vicissitude_n of_o fortune_n and_o uncertain_a event_n of_o war_n in_o those_o tartar_n who_o be_v not_o long_o since_o master_n of_o china_n but_o now_o be_v become_v vassal_n and_o subject_n to_o that_o empire_n to_o who_o prince_n they_o seek_v for_o friendship_n and_o protection_n in_o this_o posture_n stand_v the_o affair_n of_o these_o country_n for_o a_o long_a space_n of_o time_n till_o these_o people_n of_o ninche_n increase_v so_o very_o fast_o in_o power_n and_o multitude_n that_o they_o
horse_n after_o who_o follow_v those_o that_o carry_v the_o scaling-ladder_n at_o last_o march_v up_o the_o prime_n of_o his_o army_n which_o consist_v of_o the_o stout_a and_o able_a soldier_n of_o his_o kingdom_n have_v thus_o put_v his_o army_n in_o battle-array_n he_o fall_v upon_o the_o city_n immediate_o with_o a_o undaunted_a courage_n those_o within_o make_v very_o stout_a opposition_n at_o first_o but_o the_o tartar_n press_v upon_o they_o furious_o get_v the_o better_a and_o at_o last_o drive_v they_o from_o the_o wall_n to_o which_o fix_v their_o scaling-ladder_n they_o quick_o become_v master_n of_o the_o same_o such_o be_v their_o extraordinary_a nimbleness_n and_o courage_n and_o now_o the_o chinese_n find_v themselves_o unable_a any_o long_o to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n flee_v out_o of_o the_o city_n but_o the_o tartar_n kill_v a_o great_a number_n in_o the_o pursuit_n after_o the_o take_n of_o this_o city_n the_o tartar_n march_v on_o with_o his_o army_n without_o any_o stop_n or_o hindrance_n take_v by_o storm_n whatever_o other_o city_n oppose_v he_o but_o such_o as_o submit_v he_o command_v that_o none_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n shall_v suffer_v either_o in_o body_n or_o good_n when_o now_o the_o king_n of_o ninche_n have_v fill_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n with_o fear_n and_o dread_n of_o his_o army_n and_o have_v total_o conquer_a the_o same_o he_o march_v forward_o with_o the_o flower_n of_o his_o army_n into_o the_o province_n of_o peking_n make_v no_o haste_n till_o he_o be_v come_v within_o seven_o mile_n of_o the_o imperial_a city_n and_o there_o find_v several_a chinese_n army_n to_o lie_v round_o about_o he_o he_o pitch_v his_o camp_n in_o a_o very_a rich_a quarter_n not_o dare_v to_o advance_v any_o further_o up_o into_o the_o country_n whereas_o if_o he_o have_v march_v on_o he_o have_v in_o all_o probability_n carry_v all_o before_o he_o and_o may_v undoubted_o have_v take_v the_o imperial_a city_n the_o people_n be_v general_a consternate_v and_o their_o heart_n dead_a with_o fear_n insomuch_o that_o the_o emperor_n himself_o have_v already_o conclude_v to_o abandon_v the_o city_n of_o peking_n and_o with_o his_o whole_a family_n to_o retire_v towards_o the_o southern_a province_n but_o he_o be_v dissuade_v from_o it_o by_o his_o council_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o both_o these_o province_n be_v so_o fill_v with_o fear_n at_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o tartar_n that_o they_o leave_v their_o habitation_n both_o in_o city_n and_o country_n and_o flee_v into_o the_o wood_n and_o mountain_n with_o what_o they_o can_v well_o carry_v with_o they_o the_o enemy_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n lay_v waste_n several_a famous_a city_n and_o put_v all_o to_o fire_n and_o sword_n where_o he_o come_v the_o ninchean_a king_n who_o as_o we_o say_v dare_v not_o adventure_v to_o march_v against_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n have_v get_v good_a store_n of_o riches_n out_o of_o the_o other_o conquer_a city_n retreat_v back_o with_o his_o army_n to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n which_o be_v a_o very_a goodly_a city_n before_o he_o take_v it_o both_o for_o strength_n situation_n and_o fairness_n of_o building_n but_o be_v tell_v by_o his_o soothsayer_n that_o to_o let_v the_o old_a wall_n stand_v after_o he_o have_v win_v the_o place_n can_v bode_v nought_o but_o misfortune_n he_o cause_v they_o thereupon_o to_o be_v raze_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o new_a one_o build_v there_o be_v but_o two_o great_a city_n in_o all_o this_o province_n which_o be_v leaoyang_n and_o ningyven_v the_o rest_n be_v of_o a_o small_a circuit_n yet_o be_v they_o both_o populous_a and_o rich_a but_o with_o place_n of_o strength_n which_o exceed_v some_o city_n for_o bigness_n it_o exceed_o abound_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o place_n be_v very_o dull_a of_o understanding_n and_o so_o altogether_o incapable_a of_o learn_v any_o art_n and_o science_n but_o very_o healthful_a of_o constitution_n and_o strong_a of_o body_n therein_o much_o exceed_v the_o other_o chineses_n and_o the_o cause_n may_v be_v for_o that_o they_o be_v breed_v from_o the_o cradle_n to_o war_n and_o hardship_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o vicinity_n to_o the_o tartar_n who_o be_v perpetual_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o as_o to_o their_o manner_n and_o custom_n they_o resemble_v very_o much_o the_o tartar_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o great_a intercourse_n that_o â—s_v daily_o between_o they_o the_o country_n be_v in_o some_o place_n very_o hilly_a and_o mountainous_a and_o in_o other_o plain_a and_o even_o for_o many_o mile_n together_o yet_o every_o where_o very_o fruitful_a in_o the_o product_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o cattle_n both_o wild_a and_o tame_a as_o also_o in_o treeâ—_n and_o fruit_n of_o the_o field_n wholesome_a and_o medicinal_a both_o in_o their_o body_n leave_n fruit_n and_o root_n among_o other_o here_o grow_v that_o incomparable_a root_n gâ—â—seng_n whereof_o mention_n be_v make_v before_o there_o be_v also_o to_o be_v have_v store_n of_o rich_a fur_n as_o sable_n bever_n etc._n etc._n which_o they_o wear_v in_o winter_n to_o keep_v themselves_o warm_a and_o traffic_n with_o likewise_o into_o other_o province_n it_o also_o produce_v curious_a pine-apple_n excellent_a wheat_n and_o barley_n but_o no_o rice_n yet_o a_o great_a abundance_n of_o fig_n apple_n pear_n grape_n and_o several_a other_o sort_n of_o fruit_n which_o extraordinary_a plenty_n of_o all_o necessary_a thing_n of_o its_o own_o growth_n render_v it_o both_o pleasant_a and_o cheap_a to_o live_v in_o but_o much_o more_o in_o regard_n of_o its_o situation_n upon_o the_o sea_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v furnish_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o commodity_n from_o other_o country_n their_o religion_n be_v very_o little_a different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o other_o chineses_n be_v great_a promoter_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o transmigration_n of_o soul_n out_o of_o one_o body_n into_o another_o thus_o the_o tartar_n have_v make_v this_o place_n the_o seat_n of_o war_n whereby_o they_o can_v at_o pleasure_n invade_v the_o neighbour_a province_n the_o emperor_n and_o his_o council_n begin_v to_o consider_v which_o way_n be_v the_o most_o likely_a for_o they_o to_o drive_v the_o tartar_n out_o of_o their_o territory_n and_o at_o last_o they_o conclude_v to_o raise_v a_o army_n of_o 600000_o man_n over_o and_o above_o who_o the_o king_n of_o corea_n send_v to_o their_o assistance_n 12000_o valiant_a bowman_n who_o be_v not_o inferior_a for_o skill_n to_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o ninchean_a king_n be_v not_o idle_a but_o draw_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n as_o many_o force_n as_o can_v possible_o be_v spare_v to_o join_v with_o he_o be_v thus_o prepare_v for_o war_n on_o both_o side_n the_o chineses_n in_o the_o year_n 1619_o march_v with_o that_o formidable_a army_n against_o the_o enemy_n who_o hear_v of_o their_o approach_n set_v forward_o from_o their_o camp_n to_o meet_v they_o which_o soon_o happen_v but_o then_o such_o be_v the_o inveterate_a malice_n of_o both_o party_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o see_v each_o other_o the_o battle_n begin_v which_o be_v valiant_o fight_v for_o a_o long_a time_n by_o both_o army_n so_o that_o the_o victory_n hang_v in_o suspense_n nor_o can_v any_o judge_n who_o will_v have_v the_o better_a till_o at_o length_n the_o chineses_n run_v away_o in_o great_a disorder_n and_o confusion_n the_o slaughter_n be_v very_o great_a among_o they_o both_o of_o commander_n and_o soldier_n upon_o the_o spot_n those_o that_o escape_v carry_v the_o news_n of_o the_o overthrow_n to_o the_o emperor_n this_o great_a victory_n the_o ninchean_a king_n pursue_v with_o that_o expedition_n that_o he_o take_v several_a city_n and_o town_n some_o whereof_o they_o lay_v in_o ash_n and_o put_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o sword_n harrass_v and_o plunder_v up_o to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o the_o city_n of_o peking_n though_o they_o dare_v not_o lay_v siege_n to_o it_o there_o be_v a_o garrison_n of_o eighty_o thousand_o man_n and_o and_o the_o place_n well_o fortify_v with_o great_a store_n of_o cannon_n upon_o the_o wall_n notwithstanding_o which_o provision_n such_o be_v the_o fear_n of_o the_o pekinger_n that_o if_o the_o tartar_n have_v but_o attempt_v they_o may_v have_v be_v master_n of_o that_o great_a city_n without_o any_o very_a hazardous_a opposition_n for_o the_o emperor_n be_v again_o full_o resolve_v as_o before_o to_o quit_v it_o and_o to_o retire_v to_o the_o southern_a province_n but_o some_o of_o his_o council_n now_o too_o late_o grow_v wise_a alter_v his_o purpose_n by_o tell_v he_o that_o it_o will_v encourage_v the_o enemy_n and_o not_o only_o put_v the_o whole_a empire_n into_o confusion_n but_o hazard_v the_o ruin_n if_o not_o the_o
loss_n of_o it_o the_o tartar_n by_o this_o mean_n be_v put_v to_o a_o stand_n have_v enrich_v themselves_o with_o booty_n destroy_v some_o thousand_o of_o poor_a creature_n with_o the_o sword_n and_o burn_v down_o their_o dwelling_n to_o the_o ground_n retreat_v back_o to_o their_o old_a quarter_n in_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n during_o these_o trouble_n the_o emperor_n vanlieus_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1620._o after_o who_o death_n his_o son_n taichangus_n a_o valiant_a and_o prudent_a prince_n succeed_v who_o by_o the_o conduct_n of_o his_o affair_n in_o a_o short_a time_n give_v sufficient_o to_o understand_v what_o good_a service_n his_o country_n be_v to_o expect_v from_o he_o have_v he_o not_o be_v unfortunate_o cut_v off_o by_o a_o untimely_a death_n in_o the_o four_o month_n of_o his_o reign_n to_o who_o be_v successor_n his_o son_n thienkius_n a_o gallant_a person_n and_o no_o way_n inferior_a to_o his_o father_n for_o virtue_n and_o courage_n this_o monarch_n find_v the_o unsetledness_n and_o danger_n of_o his_o affair_n make_v it_o his_o chief_a concern_v to_o contract_v friendship_n and_o support_v his_o government_n with_o the_o favour_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o neighbour_n for_o he_o have_v take_v notice_n by_o experience_n how_o much_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n have_v suffer_v by_o live_v always_o at_o great_a variance_n with_o the_o tartar_a king_n of_o ninche_n which_o border_v upon_o he_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o he_o endeavour_v to_o win_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n of_o corea_n who_o have_v former_o send_v to_o his_o grandfather_n a_o supply_n of_o twelve_o thousand_o man_n to_o aid_n and_o assist_v he_o in_o this_o war_n but_o they_o be_v most_o of_o they_o kill_v and_o wound_v he_o doubt_v lest_o this_o may_v make_v he_o take_v part_n against_o he_o and_o join_v with_o the_o tartar_n for_o prevention_n whereof_o and_o to_o satisfy_v the_o king_n in_o every_o scruple_n he_o immediate_o send_v a_o ambassador_n to_o he_o to_o return_v he_o thanks_o for_o those_o great_a succour_n he_o have_v send_v and_o withal_o signify_v his_o extraordinary_a grief_n and_o sorrow_n for_o the_o great_a loss_n which_o have_v fall_v upon_o the_o aforementioned_a aid_n in_o that_o war_n but_o that_o he_o hope_v in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o retaliate_v upon_o the_o enemy_n the_o wrong_n they_o have_v do_v to_o he_o and_o his_o kingdom_n and_o that_o his_o embassy_n may_v be_v the_o more_o grateful_a he_o likewise_o send_v several_a rich_a present_n and_o promise_v he_o his_o assistance_n where_o and_o whensoever_o he_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o but_o this_o friendly_a message_n look_v not_o only_o for_o verbal_a return_v for_o it_o be_v design_v as_o a_o motive_n to_o procure_v more_o succour_n from_o he_o which_o without_o doubt_n he_o have_v reason_n to_o endeavour_v in_o regard_n the_o people_n of_o this_o island_n of_o corea_n which_o lie_v very_o near_o to_o japan_n have_v out_o of_o the_o neighbourhood_n far_o great_a strength_n than_o the_o chinese_n and_o now_o crave_v leave_n for_o a_o little_a digression_n which_o may_v not_o be_v impertinent_a in_o regard_n there_o have_v be_v often_o mention_v make_v of_o this_o island_n of_o corea_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o i_o shall_v describe_v the_o same_o in_o short_a and_o all_o that_o be_v worth_a observation_n in_o the_o same_o it_o be_v unto_o this_o day_n doubt_v by_o those_o of_o europe_n whether_o corea_n be_v a_o island_n or_o firm_a land_n but_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o best_a writer_n it_o be_v a_o hang_a island_n surround_v with_o water_n on_o all_o part_n except_o the_o uttermost_a part_n which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o firm_a land_n for_o though_o trial_n have_v be_v make_v to_o sail_v round_o about_o yet_o it_o can_v never_o be_v do_v as_o some_o people_n seem_v to_o affirm_v to_o we_o from_o their_o own_o experience_n though_o some_o there_o be_v that_o affirm_v the_o contrary_n but_o this_o error_n proceed_v from_o a_o mistake_n of_o a_o certain_a great_a island_n call_v fungina_fw-la situate_v to_o the_o southward_n of_o it_o to_o be_v corea_n however_o it_o be_v this_o truth_n be_v most_o certain_a that_o all_o the_o chinese_n writer_n affirm_v corea_n to_o be_v firm_a land_n and_o join_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ninche_n in_o tartary_n another_o mistake_n may_v arise_v from_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o name_n give_v to_o it_o for_o the_o chineses_n call_v it_o chaosien_n therein_o follow_v the_o japanner_n though_o by_o we_o of_o europe_n it_o be_v call_v corea_n towards_o the_o north_n it_o border_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ninche_n on_o the_o north-west_n it_o have_v for_o confine_v the_o river_n yalo_n the_o rest_n be_v surround_v and_o wash_v with_o the_o sea_n the_o whole_a island_n be_v divide_v into_o eight_o province_n or_o county_n the_o middlemost_a and_o account_v the_o first_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o kinki_n wherein_o be_v situate_a the_o chief_a city_n of_o pingiang_n the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n the_o second_o towards_o the_o east_n be_v call_v kiangyven_v but_o heretofore_o gueipe_n the_o three_o situate_v towards_o thâ—_n west_n be_v now_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o hoangchui_n but_o be_v former_o call_v châ—â—sien_n the_o name_n at_o this_o day_n proper_a to_o the_o whole_a island_n the_o four_o situate_v â—â—â—ward_o the_o south_n now_o call_v civenlo_n be_v former_o name_v pienhari_n the_o fiâ—th_n also_o southerly_a but_o incline_v to_o the_o east_n be_v call_v kingxan_n the_o six_o towards_o the_o south-west_n be_v change_a the_o seven_o towards_o the_o north-east_n have_v the_o name_n of_o pingan_n in_o these_o county_n be_v several_a populous_a and_o rich_a city_n which_o for_o fashion_n and_o strength_n differ_v very_o little_a from_o those_o in_o china_n and_o build_v for_o the_o most_o part_n foursquare_a the_o country_n be_v very_o well_o people_v throughout_o the_o whole_a have_v but_o one_o form_n of_o government_n not_o at_o all_o differ_v in_o habit_n and_o use_v one_o and_o the_o same_o form_n both_o of_o speech_n and_o write_v their_o religion_n be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o of_o china_n hold_v the_o transmigration_n of_o the_o soul_n out_o of_o one_o body_n into_o another_o they_o all_o adore_v one_o idol_n call_v fe_o whereof_o i_o have_v already_o make_v mention_n the_o body_n of_o their_o dead_a friend_n they_o bury_v not_o till_o three_o year_n be_v full_o elapse_v and_o then_o they_o put_v they_o into_o very_o fine_a coffin_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o chinese_n glue_v up_o so_o very_o close_o that_o no_o scent_n can_v strike_v through_o they_o give_v a_o great_a liberty_n to_o their_o woman_n than_o the_o chinese_n for_o they_o admit_v of_o they_o into_o any_o company_n whereas_o the_o other_o will_v hardly_o suffer_v they_o to_o stir_v abroad_o here_o also_o the_o son_n or_o daughter_n may_v marry_v who_o they_o think_v fit_a without_o ask_v the_o consent_n of_o father_n or_o mother_n which_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o indeed_o all_o other_o civilise_a people_n this_o island_n be_v very_o fruitful_a in_o the_o product_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fruit_n necessary_a for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o life_n especial_o of_o wheat_n and_o rice_n whereof_o there_o be_v twice_o a_o year_n plentiful_a harvest_n here_o also_o be_v make_v several_a sort_n of_o paper_n and_o curious_a pencil_n of_o wolf_n hair_n which_o the_o chineses_n and_o other_o neighbour_a people_n as_o well_o as_o themselves_o use_v in_o write_v here_o grow_v likewise_o the_o root_n guiseng_n and_o as_o be_v report_v be_v several_a gold-mine_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o advantage_n of_o natural_a commodity_n wherewith_o this_o place_n abound_v yet_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o drive_v no_o trade_n with_o any_o other_o foreign_a people_n but_o only_o those_o of_o china_n and_o japan_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v to_o be_v speak_v of_o corea_n we_o will_v now_o return_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o sequel_n of_o the_o war_n the_o chinese_n emperor_n after_o his_o embassy_n to_o the_o king_n of_o corea_n to_o prevent_v the_o further_a invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o the_o better_a to_o oppose_v they_o muster_v several_a troop_n raise_v for_o his_o assistance_n out_o of_o the_o fifteen_o province_n or_o kingdom_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o send_v very_o great_a army_n towards_o leaotung_n and_o the_o better_a to_o furnish_v such_o vast_a army_n with_o provision_n he_o cause_v a_o extraordinary_a great_a fleet_n of_o ship_n to_o be_v equip_v in_o the_o famous_a port_n of_o thiencin_n which_o be_v whole_o employ_v to_o carry_v provision_n by_o sea_n from_o all_o part_n of_o china_n for_o their_o supply_n by_o the_o exact_a performance_n and_o observe_v whereof_o they_o have_v no_o want_n of_o any_o
return_v home_o with_o great_a wealth_n and_o riches_n which_o the_o tartar_n have_v promise_v he_o in_o case_n the_o peace_n take_v effect_v zungchinius_n consider_v what_o the_o meaning_n of_o such_o advice_n may_v tend_v to_o begin_v to_o mistrust_v the_o fidelity_n of_o his_o general_n and_o afterward_o by_o other_o mean_n be_v more_o full_o satisfy_v of_o his_o treacherous_a deal_n for_o the_o destruction_n and_o ruin_n of_o the_o state_n he_o send_v private_o unto_o he_o to_o desire_v his_o presence_n in_o the_o city_n at_o the_o council_n of_o war_n to_o advise_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o military_a officer_n what_o be_v best_a to_o be_v do_v in_o that_o dangerous_a exigent_n for_o the_o safety_n and_o welfare_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o emperor_n will_v not_o suffer_v any_o gate_n to_o be_v set_v open_a under_o pretence_n that_o the_o enemy_n lie_v close_o to_o the_o wall_n but_o in_o truth_n for_o fear_v lest_o yvenus_n shall_v crowd_v in_o upon_o he_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n therefore_o he_o send_v he_o word_n that_o he_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o wall_n and_o they_o will_v draw_v he_o up_o private_o into_o the_o city_n over_o the_o wall_n of_o this_o design_n of_o the_o emperor_n yvenus_n have_v not_o the_o least_o inkling_n give_v he_o by_o any_o of_o the_o council_n for_o indeed_o the_o emperor_n at_o this_o time_n make_v himself_o alone_o his_o own_o privy-councillor_n have_v not_o discover_v to_o any_o what_o he_o know_v of_o the_o treason_n hatch_v against_o he_o by_o yvenus_n nor_o of_o what_o he_o intend_v against_o he_o for_o his_o reward_n but_o only_o that_o he_o will_v confer_v with_o he_o about_o some_o affair_n in_o order_n to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o city_n for_o have_v the_o emperor_n never_o so_o little_o discover_v either_o his_o knowledge_n or_o intention_n yvenus_n will_v soon_o have_v be_v advertise_v thereof_o have_v his_o creature_n in_o all_o corner_n of_o the_o city_n to_o give_v he_o intelligence_n of_o all_o affair_n but_o this_o be_v by_o his_o silence_n and_o secrecy_n prevent_v yvenus_n come_v without_o any_o fear_n into_o the_o city_n and_o address_v himself_o to_o the_o emperor_n in_o who_o presence_n upon_o his_o very_a first_o appearance_n he_o be_v apprehend_v and_o behead_v this_o be_v a_o public_a act_n can_v not_o be_v long_o conceal_v nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o for_o the_o tartar_n hear_v of_o it_o present_o and_o thereupon_o raise_v their_o siege_n and_o leave_v the_o imperial_a city_n out_o of_o fear_n of_o be_v attaque_v by_o the_o royal_a army_n which_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o they_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o emperor_n shall_v have_v appoint_v a_o faithful_a commander_n over_o the_o same_o in_o stead_n of_o the_o traitor_n yvenus_n however_o in_o their_o return_n and_o march_n back_o they_o ruin_v and_o destroy_v whatever_o stand_v in_o their_o way_n and_o with_o great_a store_n of_o wealth_n and_o booty_n get_v at_o last_o into_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n the_o war_n continue_v till_o the_o year_n 1636._o with_o various_a event_n sometime_o the_o chineses_n have_v the_o better_a otherwhiles_o the_o tartar_n but_o however_o the_o chineses_n defend_v themselves_o so_o well_o against_o they_o till_o that_o time_n that_o the_o tartar_n do_v never_o set_v footing_n in_o china_n but_o they_o be_v drive_v out_o again_o with_o great_a loss_n in_o the_o same_o year_n 1636._o the_o tartar_n king_n thienzungus_n die_v and_o his_o son_n zungteus_n the_o father_n of_o the_o present_a emperor_n who_o now_o wear_v the_o royal_a diadem_n in_o china_n succeed_v he_o a_o prince_n so_o endow_v with_o all_o the_o most_o excellent_a quality_n both_o of_o art_n and_o nature_n as_o if_o design_v for_o some_o great_a undertake_n he_o exceed_v all_o his_o ancestor_n in_o part_n and_o prudence_n and_o in_o his_o minority_n before_o he_o attain_v the_o crown_n give_v no_o small_a sign_n of_o a_o excellent_a understanding_n to_o descend_v a_o little_a to_o particular_n he_o be_v both_o learned_a courteous_a and_o of_o a_o good_a disposition_n be_v yet_o in_o his_o juvenile_a year_n he_o be_v send_v by_o his_o father_n into_o china_n under_o the_o tuition_n of_o some_o of_o his_o council_n who_o put_v he_o into_o the_o chinese_n habit_n here_o he_o live_v private_o a_o long_a time_n learn_v the_o chinese_n language_n and_o exchange_v the_o rough_a and_o savage_a behaviour_n of_o his_o own_o country_n for_o the_o more_o civil_a and_o gentile_a behaviour_n of_o the_o chinese_n so_o that_o when_o he_o have_v get_v into_o the_o throne_n he_o reign_v with_o much_o mildness_n moderation_n and_o affability_n carry_v himself_o towards_o his_o subject_n quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o morose_a nature_n of_o his_o ancestor_n who_o cruelty_n and_o severity_n he_o observe_v to_o have_v be_v the_o overthrow_n or_o at_o least_o the_o retard_v of_o all_o their_o design_n against_o the_o chinese_n who_o by_o his_o conversation_n among_o they_o while_o he_o live_v there_o he_o find_v be_v better_a to_o be_v win_v with_o a_o soft_a and_o mild_a hand_n than_o with_o rough_a and_o harsh_a usage_n wherefore_o he_o resolve_v to_o alter_v the_o way_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o government_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o to_o confirm_v himself_o in_o his_o throne_n rather_o by_o the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n than_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n this_o his_o prudent_a carriage_n immediate_o win_v to_o he_o the_o heart_n not_o only_o of_o his_o own_o natural_a subject_n but_o of_o the_o chinese_n his_o enemy_n who_o when_o they_o submit_v to_o he_o be_v treat_v as_o his_o own_o subject_n such_o as_o be_v conquer_v by_o he_o in_o the_o war_n be_v civil_o accommodate_v and_o receive_v into_o favor_n and_o service_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v willing_a to_o return_v home_o have_v free_a leave_n at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n to_o be_v go_v by_o this_o win_a sweetness_n the_o fame_n of_o this_o prince_n spread_v at_o last_o among_o several_a of_o his_o neighbour_n so_o that_o they_o seek_v unto_o he_o for_o his_o friendship_n and_o protection_n which_o stand_v he_o in_o great_a stead_n afterward_o in_o the_o conquest_n of_o china_n he_o always_o prefer_v only_a man_n of_o ability_n into_o office_n and_o place_n of_o trust_n and_o such_o commander_n or_o governor_n as_o flee_v to_o he_o out_o of_o china_n for_o any_o suppose_a crime_n or_o offence_n have_v not_o only_o their_o liberty_n but_o be_v also_o much_o make_v of_o and_o put_v into_o employment_n for_o by_o the_o chinese_n government_n to_o prevent_v treachery_n and_o covetousness_n it_o be_v ordain_v and_o settle_v as_o a_o fix_a law_n that_o all_o the_o prince_n governor_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a under_o who_o authority_n any_o misfortune_n happen_v shall_v lose_v his_o head_n without_o mercy_n as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o general_n happen_v to_o be_v unfortunate_o defeat_v if_o a_o governor_n lose_v his_o province_n over_o which_o he_o be_v appoint_v or_o that_o a_o mutiny_n happen_v among_o the_o people_n or_o army_n though_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v by_o any_o probable_a or_o rational_a way_n able_a to_o prevent_v it_o yet_o they_o shall_v lose_v their_o life_n for_o it_o so_o that_o the_o chinese_n general_n and_o governor_n find_v upon_o all_o occasion_n that_o the_o king_n of_o tartary_n be_v kind_a and_o civil_a to_o such_o as_o flee_v to_o he_o make_v thither_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o thing_n go_v amiss_o with_o they_o for_o which_o they_o know_v they_o have_v incur_v the_o penalty_n of_o lose_v their_o head_n at_o this_o time_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o cessation_n of_o all_o warlike_a and_o hostile_a action_n for_o although_o the_o tartar_n hold_v the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o leâ—otung_n yet_o the_o east_n part_n be_v so_o well_o guard_v with_o fort_n and_o soldier_n that_o they_o think_v themselves_o secure_a from_o any_o future_a or_o further_a invasion_n on_o that_o side_n nor_o be_v the_o adjacent_a place_n in_o any_o great_a fear_n for_o that_o there_o be_v a_o very_a strong_a army_n thereabouts_o to_o hinder_v they_o from_o make_v any_o further_a inroad_n into_o the_o say_a province_n but_o this_o noble_a and_o flourish_a empire_n have_v that_o viper_n hatch_n within_o its_o bowel_n that_o will_v work_v its_o confusion_n and_o be_v the_o only_a occasion_n of_o its_o overthrow_n for_o as_o be_v say_v before_o at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v full_a of_o vagabond_n thief_n and_o robber_n who_o not_o only_o waste_v but_o at_o last_o deliver_v it_o up_o a_o prey_n to_o the_o tartar_n as_o you_o may_v more_o clear_o understand_v by_o the_o sequel_n of_o the_o story_n the_o first_o insurrection_n and_o treachery_n of_o these_o robber_n and_o highwayman_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o province_n of_o suchue_n where_o join_v with_o
relief_n can_v possible_o be_v give_v they_o but_o the_o governor_n after_o the_o first_o attempt_n although_o provide_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n to_o withstand_v a_o siege_n yet_o in_o regard_n the_o harvest_n of_o corn_n prove_v very_o bad_a that_o year_n find_v upon_o survey_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o lengthen_v out_o the_o same_o by_o the_o best_a husbandry_n to_o serve_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o such_o a_o number_n of_o people_n for_o six_o month_n yet_o still_o though_o their_o magazine_n fall_v short_a they_o hold_v out_o and_o suffer_v very_o great_a hunger_n in_o hope_n that_o the_o emperor_n will_v come_v or_o send_v to_o their_o relief_n and_o at_o last_o such_o be_v their_o want_n that_o a_o pound_n of_o rice_n be_v sell_v for_o a_o pound_n of_o silver_n a_o pound_n of_o old_a rot_a leather_n for_o twenty_o shilling_n nay_o they_o feed_v upon_o dead_a man_n flesh_n as_o free_o as_o upon_o any_o thing_n else_o thus_o do_v these_o loyal_a subject_n hold_v out_o beyond_o admiration_n before_o they_o will_v harbour_v any_o thought_n of_o yield_a but_o when_o they_o see_v themselves_o destitute_a of_o all_o hope_n of_o succour_n they_o unwilling_o submit_v to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o their_o fate_n this_o caifung_a lie_n in_o a_o great_a valley_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o yellow_a river_n which_o run_v at_o least_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o land-ward_n from_o it_o and_o in_o regard_n the_o water_n lie_v much_o high_a than_o the_o valley_n wherein_o the_o city_n be_v build_v there_o be_v make_v before_o it_o a_o bank_n or_o dike_n of_o stone_n to_o hinder_v the_o overflow_a of_o the_o same_o river_n the_o emperor_n at_o last_o understanding_n into_o what_o a_o straight_a the_o besiege_a be_v bring_v resolve_v to_o march_v to_o their_o relief_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n come_v with_o his_o army_n before_o the_o aforementioned_a stone_n bank_n with_o a_o intention_n to_o bore_v the_o same_o through_o and_o so_o drown_v the_o whole_a army_n of_o the_o besieger_n but_o the_o workman_n that_o be_v entrust_v not_o be_v so_o prudent_a as_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o a_o design_n so_o hazardous_a make_v too_o great_a a_o open_v in_o the_o bank_n so_o that_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n the_o water_n gush_v in_o with_o such_o violence_n that_o it_o not_o only_o drown_v most_o of_o the_o enemy_n army_n but_o the_o whole_a city_n also_o be_v overwhelm_v and_o almost_o all_o therein_o destroy_v with_o the_o inundation_n in_o this_o miserable_a calamity_n thus_o unfortunate_o happen_v above_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o person_n be_v drown_v and_o this_o famous_a city_n former_o the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n upon_o the_o nine_o of_o september_n 1642._o convert_v into_o pool_n with_o the_o adjacent_a country_n round_o about_o it_o for_o through_o the_o violent_a force_n of_o the_o water_n not_o only_o all_o the_o building_n and_o house_n be_v soon_o overturn_v but_o tree_n which_o have_v stand_v for_o many_o age_n be_v wash_v up_o by_o the_o root_n so_o that_o at_o this_o time_n there_o be_v nothing_o thereof_o leave_v to_o be_v see_v licungzus_n who_o in_o person_n escape_v this_o deluge_n with_o some_o few_o of_o his_o force_n yet_o once_o more_o make_v a_o shift_n to_o recruit_v his_o army_n upon_o the_o sight_n and_o muster_v whereof_o be_v still_o persuade_v that_o he_o shall_v get_v into_o the_o throne_n take_v upon_o himself_o the_o title_n of_o king_n call_z himself_z king_n xunnan_v that_o be_v a_o fortunate_a king_n the_o province_n of_o honan_n be_v thus_o subdue_v and_o bring_v to_o slavery_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o miserable_o handle_v with_o plunder_v and_o steal_v this_o upstart_n king_n depart_v with_o his_o whole_a army_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la where_o he_o immediate_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o xigan_n which_o he_o take_v after_o three_o day_n give_v the_o plunder_n thereof_o to_o his_o soldier_n but_o out_o of_o a_o seem_a compassion_n he_o give_v the_o inhabitant_n their_o life_n he_o make_v this_o city_n upon_o its_o reduction_n the_o seat_n of_o his_o war_n and_o cause_v all_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o ammunition_n to_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o province_n and_o lay_v up_o there_o partly_o thereby_o to_o keep_v the_o country_n in_o awe_n and_o partly_o to_o hinder_v the_o chinese_n army_n from_o any_o provision_n in_o those_o part_n to_o support_v themselves_o against_o he_o and_o now_o become_v over-confident_a by_o success_n and_o doubt_v no_o long_o of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o he_o have_v already_o appropriate_v to_o himself_o in_o his_o thought_n he_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n by_o the_o name_n of_o thienxun_n which_o signify_v obedient_a to_o heaven_n for_o by_o pretext_n of_o this_o glorious_a name_n which_o he_o use_v for_o a_o cloak_n to_o his_o villainy_n he_o give_v out_o in_o speech_n and_o so_o make_v his_o soldier_n believe_v that_o it_o be_v conclude_v in_o heaven_n that_o he_o shall_v ascend_v the_o throne_n and_o deliver_v the_o oppress_a subject_n out_o of_o the_o covetous_a hand_n of_o the_o present_a emperor_n to_o inflict_v punishment_n on_o the_o corrupt_a governor_n of_o province_n who_o have_v overburdened_a the_o people_n with_o intolerable_a tax_n and_o last_o to_o govern_v the_o empire_n in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n to_o all_o this_o the_o renegado_n chineses_n who_o have_v side_v with_o licungzus_n give_v easy_a credit_n be_v very_o forward_o not_o only_o to_o give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n as_o his_o ambition_n have_v assume_v it_o but_o do_v very_o believe_v he_o be_v send_v from_o heaven_n to_o govern._n and_o to_o add_v the_o great_a honour_n and_o lustre_n to_o his_o name_n and_o win_v their_o favour_n he_o govern_v they_o with_o great_a moderation_n and_o mildness_n so_o to_o make_v his_o action_n and_o his_o name_n seem_v agreeable_a for_o such_o as_o have_v do_v any_o wrong_n undergo_v no_o corporal_a punishment_n but_o be_v only_o chastise_v with_o kind_a word_n and_o good_a admonition_n all_o such_o chinese_n governor_n as_o refuse_v to_o submit_v to_o he_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n when_o take_v by_o he_o he_o abolish_v and_o take_v off_o several_a heavy_a tax_n that_o have_v be_v lay_v and_o then_o continue_v upon_o the_o people_n charge_v such_o as_o he_o make_v governor_n to_o rule_v gentle_o and_o love_o over_o his_o subject_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n through_o his_o cunning_a and_o crafty_a insinuation_n do_v this_o grand_a thief_n bring_v under_o his_o obedience_n several_a province_n without_o spill_v any_o blood_n for_o the_o commonalty_n which_o be_v bellua_fw-la multorum_fw-la capitum_fw-la &_o instabile_fw-la vulgus_fw-la be_v huge_o please_v with_o this_o new_a model_n of_o govern_v applaud_v their_o new_a emperor_n with_o high_a eulogium_n but_o beside_o the_o trouble_n occasion_v by_o the_o two_o grand_a robber_n there_o arise_v in_o the_o court_n another_o dispute_n and_o discontent_n as_o mischievous_a as_o the_o other_o and_o which_o be_v indeed_o the_o great_a occasion_n of_o the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o great_a division_n among_o the_o governor_n themselves_o occasion_v by_o the_o jealousy_n and_o hatred_n they_o bear_v to_o one_o guei_n of_o the_o king_n bedchamber_n for_o the_o great_a authority_n commit_v to_o he_o and_o affection_n show_v he_o by_o the_o emperor_n who_o have_v not_o only_o entrust_v the_o whole_a government_n into_o his_o hand_n and_o prefer_v he_o to_o the_o best_a office_n and_o charge_n within_o his_o dominion_n but_o likewise_o treat_v with_o respect_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v his_o father_n but_o this_o favourite_n not_o know_v how_o to_o keep_v himself_o within_o the_o limit_n of_o moderation_n begin_v so_o to_o swell_v with_o pride_n that_o he_o cause_v several_a great_a person_n to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n or_o banishment_n for_o small_a offence_n which_o exorbitant_a cruelty_n bring_v he_o into_o great_a hatred_n not_o only_o with_o the_o noble_n and_o grandee_n but_o also_o with_o the_o prince_n zungchinius_n himself_o who_o by_o the_o information_n of_o the_o prime_a person_n about_o he_o be_v acquaint_v with_o his_o carriage_n begin_v to_o abate_v much_o of_o his_o love_n towards_o he_o this_o occasion_v a_o very_a great_a fraction_n among_o the_o governor_n and_o rix-councellor_n who_o be_v divide_v upon_o it_o into_o two_o faction_n so_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o considerable_a person_n to_o be_v find_v who_o do_v not_o side_n with_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o each_o endeavour_v to_o ruin_v his_o adversary_n yet_o still_o both_o pretend_v the_o welfare_n of_o the_o state_n but_o the_o emperor_n zungchinius_n foresee_v the_o ruin_n
that_o be_v imminent_a over_o his_o head_n through_o these_o division_n endeavour_v by_o all_o the_o mean_n he_o can_v devise_v to_o reconcile_v these_o intestine_a jar_v thus_o unhappy_o rise_v among_o his_o subject_n and_o in_o order_n thereunto_o after_o several_a other_o probable_a experiment_n without_o any_o effect_n he_o cause_v the_o friend_n of_o the_o beforementioned_a guei_fw-mi to_o be_v punish_v in_o due_a form_n of_o law_n and_o severe_o punish_v as_o disturber_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n nay_o at_o last_o he_o be_v force_v to_o cause_n guei_n himself_o to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n with_o several_a other_o his_o adherent_n which_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n after_o this_o manner_n according_a to_o a_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n to_o visit_v the_o tomb_n of_o their_o ancestor_n this_o guei_n under_o colour_n thereof_o be_v make_v choice_n of_o for_o the_o emperor_n proxy_n it_o be_v a_o employment_n always_o commit_v to_o the_o great_a person_n in_o the_o empire_n who_o not_o dream_v of_o any_o hurt_n intend_v against_o he_o begin_v his_o journey_n with_o a_o great_a train_n but_o he_o be_v hardly_o go_v a_o mile_n out_o of_o the_o city_n of_o peking_n but_o a_o messenger_n from_o the_o emperor_n overtake_v he_o who_o deliver_v he_o a_o golden_a box_n wherein_o be_v a_o silken_a cord_n with_o order_n to_o hang_v himself_o therewith_o which_o he_o ready_o embrace_v and_o present_o go_v and_o perform_v and_o thus_o to_o come_v to_o the_o period_n of_o life_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o chinese_n for_o a_o honourable_a death_n insomuch_o that_o none_o who_o have_v any_o respect_n for_o their_o family_n will_v reject_v or_o refuse_v this_o severe_a though_o inhuman_a order_n and_o command_n when_o send_v he_o but_o very_o little_a advantage_n do_v the_o emperor_n reap_v by_o the_o fall_n of_o this_o his_o so_o eminent_a favourite_n but_o rather_o create_v more_o trouble_n unto_o himself_o for_o his_o adherent_n hereupon_o begin_v to_o conspire_v with_o the_o rebellious_a robber_n and_o to_o swear_v revenge_n and_o these_o feud_n be_v spread_v into_o the_o army_n that_o be_v send_v to_o subdue_v those_o robber_n make_v such_o heartburning_n among_o the_o soldier_n that_o they_o return_v home_o still_o with_o great_a loss_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o emperor_n affair_n begin_v to_o fall_v daily_o into_o a_o condition_n of_o worse_a and_o worse_o for_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o beforementioned_a guei_n do_v whatever_o they_o can_v to_o ruin_v the_o emperor_n and_o the_o party_n adhere_v to_o he_o when_o licungzus_n receive_v information_n of_o these_o division_n between_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o commander_n and_o governor_n he_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v now_o a_o convenient_a time_n to_o fall_v upon_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o peking_n whereupon_o after_o he_o have_v well_o secure_v the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la he_o march_v with_o his_o whole_a army_n to_o the_o east_n and_o pass_v with_o little_a or_o no_o trouble_n over_o the_o yellow_a river_n be_v not_o defend_v by_o any_o for_o he_o may_v have_v be_v easy_o obstruct_v if_o not_o total_o prevent_v in_o that_o his_o passage_n with_o a_o handful_n of_o man_n in_o regard_n this_o river_n in_o those_o part_n between_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la and_o xansi_fw-la run_v with_o a_o very_a violent_a stream_n and_o current_n but_o there_o be_v no_o strength_n to_o hinder_v he_o he_o easy_o get_v over_o and_o at_o the_o first_o assault_n take_v the_o famous_a and_o great_a city_n of_o kiangcheu_fw-la which_o lie_v near_o the_o say_a river_n and_o on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o province_n the_o news_n hereof_o cause_v other_o place_n where_o he_o come_v not_o to_o withstand_v he_o only_o those_o of_o the_o city_n of_o thaiyven_v hold_v out_o several_a day_n as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o bravado_n but_o at_o last_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v they_o dear_o pay_v for_o their_o opposition_n for_o the_o commander_n be_v all_o put_v to_o 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than_o betray_v my_o trust_n and_o falsify_v my_o oath_n no_o soon_o have_v usanguejus_n send_v this_o letter_n to_o his_o father_n but_o he_o dispatch_v a_o ambassador_n to_o the_o grand_a tartar_n cham_fw-mi to_o desire_v assistance_n against_o the_o usurper_n and_o tyrant_n licungzus_n who_o have_v so_o unjust_o intrude_v upon_o the_o throne_n by_o 〈◊〉_d and_o murder_n and_o to_o incite_v the_o tartar_n the_o more_o speedy_o to_o the_o march_n he_o promise_v they_o great_a store_n of_o fine_a linen_n silk_n gold_n silver_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o very_o handsome_a young_a woman_n wherein_o the_o tartar_n take_v great_a delight_n because_o they_o be_v very_o scarce_o among_o they_o their_o country_n abound_v more_o with_o man_n than_o woman_n the_o cham_n who_o have_v long_o be_v wait_v for_o such_o a_o opportunity_n ready_o accept_v of_o his_o offer_n promise_v to_o assist_v he_o with_o a_o considerable_a army_n which_o then_o lay_v ready_a in_o the_o province_n of_o 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against_o he_o with_o so_o great_a a_o army_n and_o that_o himself_o be_v in_o no_o condition_n to_o oppose_v they_o relinquish_v the_o trust_n which_o he_o have_v thus_o long_o keep_v receive_v the_o new_a honour_n and_o acknowledge_v the_o tartar_n for_o lawful_a emperor_n of_o china_n in_o this_o manner_n be_v he_o who_o not_o long_o before_o for_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o chineses_n be_v send_v with_o a_o army_n to_o subdue_v the_o rebel_n now_o bring_v over_o to_o fight_v against_o his_o own_o countryman_n and_o with_o the_o tartar_n help_v conquer_v the_o empire_n and_o at_o last_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o tartar_n have_v quite_o vanquish_v the_o robber_n in_o xensi_fw-la in_o a_o pitch_a battle_n go_v and_o settle_v his_o court_n in_o the_o city_n of_o sigan_n and_o thus_o do_v the_o tartar_n prefer_v this_o lord_n to_o great_a honour_n and_o dignity_n who_o have_v so_o often_o fight_v against_o they_o with_o great_a success_n but_o trust_v he_o not_o with_o any_o military_a employment_n as_o well_o know_v what_o such_o a_o expert_a and_o valiant_a commander_n well_o guard_v with_o soldier_n who_o love_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n he_o will_v purchase_v be_v able_a to_o do_v in_o case_n fortune_n shall_v afterward_o become_v froward_a and_o begin_v to_o frown_v upon_o they_o what_o become_v of_o licungzus_n be_v not_o certain_o know_v for_o his_o force_n be_v most_o of_o they_o kill_v upon_o the_o place_n by_o usanguejus_n and_o therefore_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o fall_v into_o the_o slaughter_n among_o the_o rest_n for_o he_o never_o be_v hear_v of_o after_o that_o battle_n the_o other_o tartar_n who_o be_v send_v towards_o xantung_n and_o peking_n soon_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o they_o meet_v with_o little_a or_o no_o resistance_n but_o yet_o the_o great_a stop_n that_o be_v after_o put_v to_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o tartar_n be_v the_o law_n they_o publish_v whereby_o the_o chineses_n be_v command_v to_o wear_v their_o hair_n after_o the_o tartar_n fashion_n this_o do_v very_o much_o alienate_v their_o affection_n from_o the_o tartar_n for_o they_o of_o china_n take_v great_a pride_n in_o their_o hair_n and_o therefore_o do_v fight_v more_o valiant_o to_o defend_v that_o than_o for_o the_o safety_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o empire_n or_o emperor_n insomuch_o that_o thousand_o who_o perhaps_o otherwise_o will_v have_v submit_v peaceable_o choose_v rather_o to_o lose_v their_o head_n than_o their_o tress_n nevertheless_o the_o tartar_n be_v so_o successful_a in_o their_o war_n that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o month_n they_o conquer_a four_z northern_a province_n viz._n peking_n xansi_fw-la xensi_fw-la and_o xantung_v but_o for_o the_o rest_n they_o use_v another_o mean_n which_o get_v they_o more_o than_o the_o sword_n and_o indeed_o be_v a_o good_a piece_n of_o policy_n for_o they_o make_v no_o manner_n of_o alteration_n in_o the_o government_n wheresoever_o they_o come_v but_o suffer_v the_o conduct_n and_o direction_n of_o all_o civil_a affair_n both_o in_o city_n and_o country_n to_o continue_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o chinese_n philosopher_n wherein_o it_o be_v settle_v before_o and_o this_o one_o thing_n bring_v the_o tartar_n into_o such_o favour_n and_o esteem_v with_o the_o chinese_n that_o they_o ready_o submit_v themselves_o to_o their_o command_n only_o herein_o consist_v all_o the_o mark_n of_o their_o vassalage_n that_o the_o conqueror_n reserve_v to_o themselves_o the_o sole_a management_n of_o all_o martial_a affair_n nevertheless_o such_o chinese_n commander_n as_o they_o have_v find_v faithful_a be_v still_o employ_v by_o they_o and_o even_o in_o the_o imperial_a city_n itself_o the_o same_o order_n as_o to_o the_o civil_a government_n be_v observe_v only_o one_o half_a of_o the_o judge_n be_v tartar_n and_o the_o other_o chineses_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o governor_n and_o commander_n of_o the_o southern_a province_n where_o the_o first_o disturbance_n of_o the_o robber_n begin_v have_v information_n of_o the_o strait_o the_o emperor_n be_v reduce_v to_o raise_v a_o great_a army_n and_o be_v already_o upon_o their_o march_n to_o his_o rescue_n but_o when_o they_o be_v certify_v of_o his_o death_n and_o the_o take_n of_o the_o city_n they_o immediate_o return_v with_o all_o their_o force_n and_o not_o long_o after_o understand_v that_o the_o tartar_n who_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o usanguejus_n be_v call_v in_o as_o aid_n have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o whole_a empire_n and_o be_v become_v absolute_a master_n thereof_o the_o very_a thought_n of_o which_o much_o perplex_a their_o spirit_n and_o this_o spread_v likewise_o a_o great_a consternation_n among_o all_o the_o people_n even_o as_o far_o as_o nank_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o the_o same_o name_n so_o that_o they_o do_v not_o know_v what_o to_o advise_v or_o do_v but_o at_o last_o the_o general_n take_v courage_n and_o set_v up_o after_o a_o long_a serious_a consultation_n one_o of_o the_o family_n of_o taiminga_n be_v the_o next_o heir_n to_o the_o chinese_n crown_n as_o grandchild_n of_o the_o emperor_n vanlieus_n and_o cousin_n of_o the_o last_o emperor_n zungchinius_n who_o heretofore_o keep_v his_o court_n in_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n but_o for_o fear_n of_o the_o robber_n remove_v to_o nank_v where_o upon_o his_o arrival_n the_o inhabitant_n in_o great_a pomp_n and_o state_n set_v the_o crown_n upon_o his_o head_n and_o proclaim_v he_o emperor_n by_o the_o name_n of_o hunquang_n in_o hope_n to_o effect_v great_a matter_n by_o he_o in_o regard_n he_o be_v a_o valiant_a prince_n he_o be_v no_o soon_o seat_v in_o his_o throne_n but_o he_o send_v a_o ambassador_n to_o the_o tartar_n to_o demand_v a_o peace_n upon_o term_n of_o leave_v all_o the_o northern_a province_n to_o they_o which_o they_o have_v take_v but_o the_o tartar_n well_o understanding_n that_o the_o scope_n of_o this_o embassy_n be_v only_o intend_v to_o gain_v time_n till_o the_o chineses_n can_v recruit_v themselves_o with_o man_n and_o money_n reject_v his_o offer_n and_o return_v he_o answer_v that_o they_o will_v either_o have_v the_o whole_a country_n or_o no_o part_n of_o it_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o lay_v down_o their_o arm_n till_o they_o have_v accomplish_v what_o they_o have_v undertake_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n whilst_o the_o ambassador_n be_v upon_o his_o return_n home_o and_o that_o both_o party_n prepare_v for_o the_o war_n there_o appear_v in_o nank_v a_o youth_n who_o give_v himself_o out_o for_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o emperor_n zungchinius_n and_o endeavour_v to_o confirm_v it_o with_o some_o peculiar_a remark_n of_o truth_n and_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o make_v a_o great_a addition_n to_o the_o credit_n of_o this_o report_n be_v that_o several_a gelubden_n and_o other_o who_o have_v be_v conversant_a in_o the_o emperor_n court_n pretend_v to_o know_v he_o but_o hunquang_n who_o have_v taste_v the_o sweetness_n of_o government_n and_o in_o some_o measure_n settle_v himself_o in_o the_o throne_n refuse_v to_o own_o he_o for_o the_o lawful_a son_n of_o zungchinius_n but_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v apprehend_v as_o a_o impostor_n with_o a_o intention_n to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n and_o in_o this_o cruel_a resolution_n he_o persist_v notwithstanding_o that_o all_o the_o commander_n and_o governor_n oppose_v he_o and_o extreme_o hate_v and_o malign_v he_o for_o it_o for_o they_o give_v credit_n to_o the_o say_v of_o the_o youth_n this_o business_n occasion_v so_o much_o and_o so_o long_a trouble_n among_o the_o chinese_n that_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o interim_n take_v the_o opportunity_n to_o subject_v the_o province_n of_o nank_v wherein_o they_o find_v little_a or_o no_o opposition_n in_o regard_n the_o chinese_n commander_n be_v divide_v among_o themselves_o to_o that_o height_n of_o malice_n that_o some_o refuse_v to_o hinder_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o tartar_n on_o purpose_n to_o work_v a_o prejudice_n to_o the_o new_a emperor_n whereupon_o they_o come_v immediate_o to_o hoaigan_n the_o first_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o same_o province_n and_o without_o make_v any_o stop_n or_o delay_n they_o take_v in_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o yellow_a river_n and_o ferry_v over_o the_o same_o in_o boaâ—s_n though_o the_o other_o side_n thereof_o be_v well_o line_v with_o chinese_n soldier_n who_o no_o soon_o perceive_v the_o tartar_n in_o earnest_a to_o put_v themselves_o aboard_o for_o passage_n but_o they_o leave_v their_o station_n and_o flee_v like_o so_o many_o sheep_n pursue_v by_o wolf_n the_o tartar_n thus_o get_v over_o which_o may_v have_v be_v easy_o prevent_v if_o the_o guard_n appoint_v for_o defence_n of_o the_o bank_n have_v show_v but_o the_o least_o courage_n fall_v with_o their_o whole_a army_n into_o the_o say_a province_n and_o take_v and_o carry_v away_o
whatsoever_o they_o find_v upon_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n no_o place_n be_v able_a to_o withstand_v they_o only_o the_o rich_a and_o famous_a city_n of_o jangcheu_fw-la make_v some_o considerable_a resistance_n and_o kill_v many_o of_o the_o tartar_n in_o their_o sally_n among_o who_o be_v a_o son_n of_o one_o of_o their_o petty_a king_n this_o city_n be_v command_v by_o one_o zuus_fw-la colaus_n place_v there_o by_o the_o new_a emperor_n to_o who_o he_o prove_v very_o faithful_a for_o he_o defend_v the_o place_n wherein_o be_v a_o strong_a garrison_n to_o the_o very_a last_o yet_o have_v endure_v a_o long_a and_o cruel_a siege_n and_o see_v no_o likelihood_n of_o relief_n the_o provision_n also_o be_v all_o spend_v he_o be_v force_v to_o deliver_v it_o up_o to_o the_o tartar_n who_o put_v all_o as_o well_o the_o soldier_n as_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o sword_n plunder_v the_o city_n and_o afterward_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n the_o tartar_n hereupon_o increase_v very_o much_o in_o power_n and_o authority_n so_o that_o many_o of_o the_o chinese_n commander_n go_v over_o to_o they_o and_o be_v either_o continue_v in_o their_o present_a employment_n or_o else_o prefer_v to_o better_a which_o friendly_a and_o favourable_a treat_v such_o officer_n and_o city_n as_o come_v voluntary_o and_o without_o force_n over_o to_o they_o and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n inflict_v such_o great_a severity_n and_o cruelty_n on_o such_o as_o make_v opposition_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o most_o of_o the_o place_n situate_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n submit_v themselves_o to_o avoid_v the_o punishment_n and_o misusage_n which_o they_o shall_v otherwise_o undergo_v by_o make_v opposition_n have_v subdue_v these_o place_n the_o next_o thing_n they_o undertake_v be_v against_o the_o city_n of_o nank_v former_o the_o court_n of_o the_o ancient_a emperor_n a_o stately_a city_n lie_v upon_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n which_o separate_v the_o whole_a empire_n of_o china_n into_o the_o southern_a and_o northern_a division_n and_o run_v quite_o through_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o province_n and_o the_o better_a to_o accomplish_v their_o design_n and_o to_o get_v the_o new_a emperor_n into_o their_o hand_n who_o they_o know_v be_v in_o this_o place_n the_o tartar_n provide_v beforehand_o great_a number_n of_o boat_n to_o transport_v they_o over_o the_o river_n but_o the_o chinese_n have_v likewise_o a_o considerable_a fleet_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o valiant_a prince_n hoangchoang_v endeavour_v to_o hinder_v their_o passage_n the_o tartar_n in_o their_o boat_n fall_v upon_o the_o chinese_n fleet_n with_o great_a fury_n which_o be_v as_o manful_o receive_v and_o maintain_v the_o fight_n so_o that_o both_o side_n fight_v valiant_o but_o at_o last_o the_o tartar_n be_v vanquish_v and_o total_o rout_v with_o a_o very_a great_a slaughter_n of_o their_o men._n but_o fortune_n never_o constant_a but_o in_o her_o inconstancy_n do_v not_o long_o favour_v this_o brave_a general_n for_o a_o while_n after_o he_o be_v most_o treacherous_o kill_v by_o one_o of_o his_o commander_n a_o traitor_n who_o have_v long_o before_o be_v hire_v by_o the_o enemy_n to_o perpetrate_v this_o villainy_n one_o thienus_n a_o native_a of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n who_o from_o his_o very_a childhood_n have_v serve_v among_o the_o chinese_n and_o as_o this_o act_n in_o itself_o be_v direful_a so_o the_o event_n that_o follow_v have_v a_o like_a miserable_a issue_n for_o through_o the_o unfortunate_a death_n of_o this_o excellent_a commander_n the_o chinese_n affair_n begin_v infinite_o to_o decline_v and_o the_o whole_a empire_n become_v a_o prey_n to_o the_o tartar_n in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o the_o traitor_n thienus_n not_o satisfy_v in_o have_v commit_v this_o foul_a action_n but_o resolve_v to_o add_v villainy_n to_o villainy_n fly_v with_o his_o man_n into_o nank_v under_o colour_n of_o perform_v his_o duty_n as_o a_o faithful_a officer_n but_o in_o truth_n with_o hope_n to_o effect_v some_o other_o treason_n as_o he_o afterward_o do_v for_o the_o emperor_n hear_v of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o late_a general_n be_v persuade_v by_o this_o thienus_n to_o leave_v the_o city_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o tartar_n who_o be_v get_v over_o the_o river_n with_o their_o army_n understand_v that_o the_o emperor_n be_v flee_v they_o send_v great_a party_n in_o pursuit_n of_o he_o who_o the_o traitor_n be_v present_a see_v approach_n command_v his_o man_n to_o seize_v he_o and_o then_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o the_o tartar_n in_o july_n 1645._o who_o now_o have_v obtain_v what_o they_o aim_v at_o do_v not_o present_o put_v he_o to_o death_n but_o carry_v he_o about_o in_o triumph_n and_o at_o length_n bring_v he_o under_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o peking_n there_o strangle_v he_o with_o a_o bowstring_n which_o manner_n of_o death_n be_v hold_v in_o great_a esteem_n among_o the_o tartar_n and_o thus_o the_o emperor_n hungquang_n come_v to_o his_o end_n before_o he_o have_v reign_v a_o complete_a year_n then_o they_o cause_v the_o youth_n who_o pretend_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o zungchinius_n and_o who_o they_o find_v in_o prison_n to_o be_v also_o strangle_v and_o not_o only_o these_o but_o all_o other_o they_o can_v meet_v with_o of_o the_o royal_a race_n for_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n through_o all_o asia_n that_o when_o a_o kingdom_n be_v take_v from_o another_o all_o the_o kindred_n of_o that_o king_n be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o the_o conqueror_n these_o thing_n thus_o bring_v to_o pass_v the_o tartar_n army_n fall_v upon_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o nank_v and_o take_v the_o same_o without_o any_o resistance_n or_o so_o much_o as_o â—_o blow_v give_v and_o out_o of_o a_o innate_a hatred_n turn_v the_o imperial_a palace_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o emperor_n court_n and_o also_o their_o tomb_n and_o sepulcher_n into_o a_o heap_n of_o stone_n yet_o never_o offer_v any_o hurt_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n house_n march_v thence_o they_o reduce_v all_o the_o other_o city_n of_o this_o province_n without_o any_o opposition_n they_o free_o submit_v to_o avoid_v their_o cruelty_n this_o province_n thus_o settle_v part_n of_o their_o army_n be_v send_v for_o hangcheu_fw-la the_o first_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o chekiang_n and_o the_o other_o part_n march_v over_o the_o river_n kiang_n to_o subdue_v the_o southern_a country_n as_o kiangsi_n huquang_n and_o quantung_v about_o this_o city_n be_v get_v together_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o chinese_n army_n that_o have_v save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n where_o they_o be_v about_o to_o choose_v a_o new_a emperor_n call_v lovangus_n of_o the_o race_n of_o taiminga_n but_o he_o earnest_o refuse_v to_o take_v upon_o he_o that_o dignity_n be_v content_v with_o the_o kingly_a title_n say_v that_o when_o the_o tartar_n be_v beat_v and_o drive_v out_o of_o china_n than_o he_o will_v accept_v of_o it_o his_o reign_n have_v not_o continue_v three_o day_n but_o he_o see_v the_o tartar_n come_v to_o fight_n with_o he_o and_o to_o drive_v he_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o he_o not_o fright_v therewith_o be_v a_o valiant_a prince_n encourage_v his_o man_n to_o make_v a_o manly_a resistance_n which_o they_o not_o only_o promise_v but_o faithful_o perform_v behave_v themselves_o with_o great_a valour_n and_o fidelity_n till_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o hold_v out_o any_o long_o be_v overpower_v by_o hunger_n whereupon_o lovangus_n who_o have_v not_o his_o fellow_n among_o the_o chinese_n for_o civility_n and_o a_o passionate_a affection_n to_o his_o subject_n go_v to_o the_o wall_n and_o entreat_v the_o tartar_n general_n upon_o his_o knee_n that_o if_o he_o will_v forgive_v the_o city_n and_o inhabitant_n he_o shall_v do_v with_o he_o what_o he_o will_v for_o he_o will_v willing_o offer_v up_o himself_o a_o sacrifice_n for_o his_o subject_n safety_n which_o say_v he_o forthwith_o deliver_v himself_o free_o over_o to_o the_o tartar_n who_o by_o that_o mean_n become_v master_n of_o the_o city_n yet_o be_v enrage_v by_o their_o resistance_n they_o neither_o have_v compassion_n on_o the_o soldier_n nor_o inhabitant_n but_o put_v all_o to_o the_o sword_n who_o can_v not_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n after_o this_o the_o enemy_n take_v the_o city_n of_o hangcheu_fw-la without_o do_v any_o prejudice_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o and_o from_o thence_o by_o the_o help_n of_o boat_n pass_v the_o river_n cienthang_fw-mi they_o come_v before_o xaok_v the_o most_o complete_a and_o uniform_a city_n of_o all_o china_n which_o present_o submit_v to_o their_o arm_n without_o make_v the_o least_o resistance_n and_o without_o doubt_n they_o have_v take_v all_o the_o other_o southern_a city_n without_o any_o opposition_n have_v they_o
have_v take_v fresh_a courage_n there_o happen_v a_o very_a great_a and_o sudden_a alteration_n in_o the_o tartar_a affair_n for_o one_o vangus_n a_o priest_n who_o have_v former_o be_v a_o commander_n in_o the_o army_n set_v the_o whole_a country_n in_o a_o uproar_n and_o have_v raise_v a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o model_v they_o into_o a_o army_n he_o go_v and_o take_v the_o city_n of_o kien_v with_o several_a other_o place_n and_o put_v all_o the_o tartar_n therein_o to_o the_o sword_n which_o good_a success_n immediate_o cause_v such_o chineses_n as_o have_v former_o flee_v into_o the_o mountain_n for_o safety_n to_o come_v down_o and_o join_v with_o he_o to_o help_v to_o recover_v their_o country_n at_o the_o same_o time_n one_o changus_n by_o name_n and_o a_o tartar_n bear_v be_v viceroy_n of_o two_o province_n have_v the_o command_n likewise_o of_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n who_o hear_v of_o the_o insurrection_n in_o fokien_n march_v immediate_o thither_o with_o his_o army_n and_o find_v no_o opposition_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o he_o suppose_v the_o chineses_n will_v have_v block_v up_o his_o passage_n which_o a_o few_o force_n will_v easy_o have_v do_v he_o cry_v out_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n the_o day_n be_v my_o 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o rebel_n be_v flee_v so_o march_v over_o the_o mountain_n without_o any_o opposition_n he_o lay_v siege_n immediate_o to_o the_o city_n of_o kienning_n into_o which_o the_o priest_n vangus_n be_v retreat_v with_o most_o of_o his_o army_n the_o city_n endure_v a_o long_a siege_n for_o several_a month_n and_o be_v of_o such_o strength_n that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v take_v by_o storm_n which_o have_v be_v often_o attempt_v by_o the_o besieger_n to_o their_o great_a damage_n and_o loss_n of_o man_n wherefore_o at_o last_o they_o resolve_v to_o get_v it_o by_o famine_n rather_o than_o lose_v any_o more_o man_n by_o storm_v whereby_o he_o have_v already_o very_o much_o weaken_v his_o army_n but_o that_o be_v recruit_v with_o fresh_a man_n from_o peking_n and_o have_v make_v a_o considerable_a breach_n in_o the_o wall_n by_o their_o ordnance_n they_o resolve_v to_o storm_n it_o once_o more_o and_o the_o success_n answer_v their_o desire_n for_o the_o commander_n within_o the_o place_n be_v divide_v among_o themselves_o there_o be_v not_o such_o care_n take_v as_o aught_o to_o have_v be_v for_o the_o resist_n of_o the_o assault_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o besieger_n get_v in_o at_o the_o breach_n immediate_o cut_v out_o their_o way_n and_o put_v all_o to_o the_o sword_n neither_o man_n woman_n nor_o child_n except_v so_o that_o dirum_fw-la dictu_fw-la there_o be_v kill_v in_o and_o before_o this_o city_n above_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o people_n and_o the_o city_n itself_o afterward_o total_o destroy_v and_o not_o one_o stone_n leave_v stand_v upon_o another_o after_o the_o dreadful_a destruction_n of_o this_o city_n the_o whole_a province_n of_o fokien_n submit_v to_o their_o power_n and_o for_o the_o future_a none_o but_o tartar_n be_v make_v commander_n over_o the_o militia_n and_o governor_n of_o city_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o great_a and_o prudent_a foresight_n which_o be_v use_v the_o tartar_n be_v not_o able_a to_o keep_v all_o quiet_a for_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n name_v kinus_n revolt_a and_o make_v new_a work_n for_o their_o arm_n the_o occasion_n whereof_o be_v say_v to_o be_v upon_o some_o difference_n which_o happen_v between_o kinus_n and_o the_o other_o who_o supervise_v the_o civil_a affair_n of_o the_o same_o province_n the_o manner_n thus_o they_o be_v invite_v to_o a_o entertainment_n where_o a_o play_n be_v act_v during_o the_o meal_n as_o the_o custom_n be_v in_o china_n and_o the_o player_n dress_v in_o chinese_n habit_n and_o not_o after_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o tartar_n kinus_n who_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n where_o they_o very_o much_o resemble_v the_o tartar_n in_o their_o custom_n and_o manner_n and_o therefore_o put_v a_o very_a great_a confidence_n in_o the_o inhabitant_n mind_v the_o same_o say_v to_o the_o other_o governor_n do_v not_o this_o habit_n show_v much_o better_a than_o the_o tartar_n fashion_n the_o other_o answer_v nothing_o at_o present_a yet_o think_v himself_o oblige_v in_o duty_n to_o acquaint_v the_o emperor_n by_o letter_n with_o this_o say_v for_o he_o fancy_v that_o by_o these_o word_n kinus_n be_v design_v some_o novelty_n in_o his_o head_n to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o imagine_v he_o bear_v the_o great_a affection_n to_o those_o who_o habit_n he_o chief_o commend_v kinus_n who_o want_v neither_o courage_n nor_o ingenuity_n have_v bribe_v the_o secretary_n of_o this_o governor_n by_o who_o he_o be_v inform_v from_o time_n to_o time_n of_o all_o be_v write_v to_o the_o emperor_n against_o he_o and_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o content_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a letter_n he_o go_v immediate_o with_o a_o company_n of_o soldier_n into_o the_o governor_n court_n and_o there_o kill_v he_o on_o a_o sudden_a before_o he_o be_v aware_a have_v do_v this_o he_o fall_v off_o from_o the_o tartar_n with_o the_o whole_a province_n of_o kiangsi_n and_o declare_v for_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n junglieus_n at_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v not_o a_o little_a overjoy_v only_o the_o city_n of_o cancheu_fw-la which_o be_v command_v and_o govern_v by_o a_o very_a faithful_a tartar_n be_v not_o to_o be_v bring_v over_o to_o countenance_v the_o revolt_n which_o happen_v very_o well_o for_o the_o tartar_n for_o the_o stand_v out_o of_o this_o single_a place_n alone_o be_v of_o such_o consequence_n that_o the_o tartar_n as_o i_o shall_v relate_v hereafter_o do_v victorious_o recover_v the_o whole_a province_n of_o kiangsi_n and_o quantung_n and_o bring_v they_o once_o more_o under_o subjection_n the_o general_n of_o the_o militia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n call_v licungzus_n be_v likewise_o at_o the_o same_o time_n revolt_v from_o the_o tartar_n and_o have_v deliver_v up_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n to_o the_o emperor_n junglieus_n who_o also_o the_o southern_a part_n own_a for_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n and_o for_o the_o better_a prosecution_n of_o the_o design_n against_o the_o tartar_n the_o general_n licungzus_n endeavour_v to_o join_v his_o force_n with_o those_o of_o kinus_n to_o fall_v both_o together_o at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n upon_o they_o and_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o undoubted_o have_v take_v effect_n according_o have_v not_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n cancheu_o hinder_v they_o for_o the_o same_o governor_n be_v no_o soon_o inform_v that_o licungzus_n be_v likewise_o revolt_v from_o the_o tartar_n and_o upon_o his_o march_n with_o his_o army_n but_o he_o send_v to_o he_o this_o deceitful_a and_o politic_a letter_n till_o now_o i_o will_v never_o submit_v to_o kinus_n because_o i_o can_v never_o believe_v that_o he_o will_v be_v able_a to_o withstand_v the_o force_n of_o the_o tartar_n but_o see_v that_o you_o most_o valiant_a prince_n also_o turn_v your_o arm_n against_o he_o i_o can_v conceive_v what_o safety_n and_o protection_n i_o can_v henceforward_o expect_v from_o he_o therefore_o i_o hold_v myself_o oblige_v to_o follow_v your_o standard_n and_o you_o shall_v no_o soon_o appear_v with_o your_o force_n before_o this_o city_n but_o i_o will_v deliver_v it_o up_o into_o your_o hand_n after_o the_o governor_n have_v dispatch_v away_o a_o express_a with_o this_o letter_n he_o send_v another_o to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o lie_v with_o his_o force_n in_o the_o next_o province_n to_o fokien_n to_o assist_v he_o with_o what_o strength_n he_o can_v well_o spare_v which_o be_v send_v and_o by_o he_o convey_v into_o the_o city_n by_o night_n so_o that_o no_o notice_n can_v be_v take_v of_o his_o design_n licungzus_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o not_o suspect_v any_o treachery_n intend_v against_o he_o bold_o but_o careless_o go_v up_o to_o the_o city_n and_o find_v the_o gate_n thereof_o stand_v open_a so_o that_o without_o delay_n he_o enter_v and_o immediate_o find_v himself_o assault_v on_o all_o side_n by_o the_o tartar_n who_o lie_v in_o ambuscade_n wait_v for_o his_o come_n and_o be_v force_v to_o retreat_v with_o great_a loss_n licungzus_n himself_o as_o be_v suppose_v be_v kill_v in_o the_o fight_n because_o he_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o afterward_o this_o defeat_n bring_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o emperor_n junglieus_n into_o great_a disorder_n and_o confusion_n yet_o nevertheless_o kinus_n win_v afterward_o several_a battle_n for_o he_o against_o the_o tartar_n and_o when_o he_o hear_v of_o the_o defeat_n of_o licungzus_n go_v himself_o and_o beleaguer_v
the_o city_n of_o cancheu_fw-la but_o he_o have_v â—ot_n continue_v the_o siege_n many_o day_n before_o there_o be_v advice_n bring_v he_o of_o a_o new_a army_n of_o tartar_n send_v from_o peking_n to_o reduce_v the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n insomuch_o that_o kinus_n fear_v to_o fall_v into_o a_o noose_n break_v up_o his_o siege_n and_o march_v towards_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o kiangsi_n to_o defend_v and_o preserve_v the_o same_o from_o be_v overcome_v by_o the_o tartar_n at_o first_o indeed_o he_o fight_v with_o good_a success_n but_o at_o last_o find_v himself_o overpower_a he_o retreat_v for_o safety_n to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o nanchang_n which_o have_v suffer_v all_o the_o misery_n of_o a_o tedious_a siege_n be_v at_o last_o take_v but_o kinus_n escape_v alive_a out_o of_o it_o and_o get_v to_o the_o mountain_n as_o have_v be_v already_o relate_v at_o large_a this_o city_n thus_o subdue_v they_o be_v master_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n and_o put_v new_a garrison_n into_o most_o of_o the_o city_n and_o place_n of_o concern_v and_o so_o march_v back_o with_o their_o army_n in_o triumph_n to_o peking_n while_o these_o transaction_n be_v on_o foot_n very_o great_a preparation_n for_o war_n have_v be_v make_v in_o peking_n so_o that_o three_o new_a army_n be_v raise_v to_o reduce_v the_o province_n of_o quantung_n and_o other_o which_o still_o hold_v forth_o and_o take_v part_n with_o junglieus_n whereupon_o the_o guardian_n and_o uncle_n of_o the_o grand_a tartar_n cham_fw-mi call_v xunchi_n who_o now_o reign_v in_o china_n the_o better_a to_o reduce_v the_o southern_a province_n into_o subjection_n and_o rectify_v their_o disorder_n resolve_v to_o appoint_v some_o vice-roys_n over_o those_o province_n who_o be_v tartar_n by_o nation_n shall_v have_v absolute_a power_n only_o with_o obligation_n to_o pay_v tribute_n yearly_o to_o the_o emperor_n this_o counsel_n be_v immediate_o put_v in_o execution_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1649._o when_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n be_v full_a of_o uproar_n three_o vice-roys_n be_v send_v with_o three_o army_n which_o consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o tartar_n from_o peking_n the_o one_o be_v make_v viceroy_n of_o fokien_n the_o other_o of_o quantung_n and_o the_o three_o of_o quangsi_n with_o express_a order_n to_o endeavour_v joint_o the_o subdue_a reduce_v and_o total_a conquer_a of_o quantung_n and_o to_o drive_v the_o emperor_n junglieus_n out_o of_o the_o whole_a empire_n hitherto_o we_o have_v only_o speak_v of_o what_o happen_v in_o the_o southern_a province_n concern_v the_o chinese_n revolt_v we_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o give_v a_o account_n how_o affair_n go_v in_o the_o northern_a province_n by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v with_o how_o much_o zeal_n the_o chineses_n be_v concern_v for_o their_o liberty_n and_o the_o welfare_n of_o their_o country_n for_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a over_o the_o northern_a province_n as_o well_o those_o that_o have_v the_o power_n over_o the_o civil_a as_o military_a affair_n plot_v together_o which_o way_n they_o shall_v drive_v out_o the_o tartar_n whereupon_o they_o raise_v as_o many_o force_n as_o they_o can_v private_o and_o choose_v one_o house_n to_o be_v their_o general_n who_o come_v to_o the_o army_n which_o he_o find_v to_o consist_v of_o about_o twenty_o five_o thousand_o man_n march_v therewith_o from_o among_o the_o mountain_n into_o the_o plain_a country_n whereupon_o many_o of_o the_o native_n perceive_v his_o strength_n come_v in_o to_o he_o and_o several_a city_n set_v open_v their_o gate_n and_o receive_v he_o and_o his_o army_n only_a xigan_n the_o first_o chief_a city_n of_o xensi_fw-la withstand_v he_o be_v in_o truth_n compel_v thereto_o have_v a_o strong_a garrison_n of_o tartar_n in_o it_o beside_o the_o governor_n thereof_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o chineses_n make_v no_o resistance_n but_o rather_o free_o submit_v to_o he_o and_o fear_v lest_o the_o citizen_n may_v carry_v on_o some_o private_a design_n against_o he_o resolve_v to_o put_v to_o death_n all_o the_o chinese_n within_o the_o city_n which_o he_o have_v undoubted_o put_v in_o execution_n have_v he_o not_o be_v dissuade_v from_o it_o by_o one_o of_o the_o vice-roys_n yet_o still_o jealous_a of_o they_o and_o willing_a to_o prevent_v any_o conspiracy_n by_o they_o he_o forbid_v upon_o pain_n of_o death_n that_o any_o more_o than_o two_o chineses_n shall_v converse_v together_o at_o a_o time_n and_o that_o none_o shall_v walk_v the_o street_n in_o the_o night_n nor_o keep_v any_o arm_n in_o their_o house_n not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o all_o this_o care_n but_o to_o be_v thorough_o inform_v of_o the_o force_n of_o house_n he_o send_v out_o spy_n to_o bring_v he_o intelligence_n of_o the_o strength_n and_o posture_n of_o the_o enemy_n at_o last_o house_n come_v with_o his_o army_n which_o now_o increase_v with_o the_o conflux_n of_o country_n people_n that_o shelter_v themselves_o there_o amount_v at_o least_o to_o the_o number_n of_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o and_o besiege_a xigan_n which_o be_v at_o least_o three_o mile_n in_o compass_n when_o the_o tartar_n governor_n see_v from_o the_o wall_n such_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o man_n he_o stand_v amaze_v as_o suppose_v they_o have_v be_v all_o soldier_n which_o cause_v he_o again_o to_o pass_v a_o second_o cruel_a resolution_n to_o make_v away_o all_o the_o chinese_n inhabitant_n within_o the_o city_n to_o prevent_v any_o correspondence_n between_o they_o and_o house_n but_o find_v that_o those_o that_o serve_v he_o and_o be_v send_v out_o to_o fight_v behave_v themselves_o valiant_o he_o forbear_v to_o execute_v such_o a_o barbarous_a resolve_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n house_n perceive_v that_o no_o attempt_n he_o can_v make_v will_v prevail_v against_o the_o city_n break_v up_o the_o siege_n which_o he_o be_v the_o rather_o induce_v to_o do_v because_o he_o have_v receive_v intelligence_n that_o a_o strong_a army_n be_v upon_o their_o march_n for_o relief_n of_o the_o same_o house_n endeavour_v to_o save_v himself_o by_o a_o timely_a flight_n but_o the_o tartar_n horse_n overtake_v the_o rear_n of_o his_o army_n and_o kill_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o but_o what_o become_v of_o he_o be_v never_o know_v in_o regard_n he_o never_o after_o appear_v public_o and_o indeed_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o he_o be_v either_o kill_v in_o the_o fight_n or_o end_v his_o day_n in_o the_o mountain_n and_o thus_o the_o chineses_n effect_v as_o little_a by_o their_o insurrection_n and_o plotting_n against_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o northern_a province_n as_o they_o have_v do_v in_o the_o southern_a for_o there_o follow_v nothing_o upon_o it_o but_o a_o total_a destruction_n of_o their_o city_n and_o the_o ruin_n both_o of_o the_o people_n and_o country_n draw_v upon_o themselves_o and_o with_o the_o great_a severity_n execute_v in_o revenge_n of_o their_o revolt_n the_o tartar_n have_v thus_o successful_o pacify_v all_o these_o trouble_n and_o commotion_n can_v not_o yet_o be_v at_o peace_n but_o fall_v again_o into_o other_o as_o great_a danger_n and_o difficulty_n as_o the_o former_a which_o they_o bring_v upon_o themselves_o by_o their_o own_o pride_n and_o wantonness_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1649._o the_o young_a imperial_a cham_n xunchius_n have_v attain_v the_o age_n of_o twelve_o year_n be_v desire_v by_o his_o uncle_n to_o take_v to_o wife_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o west-tartary_n otherwise_o call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o taniju_n which_o alliance_n will_v not_o only_o strengthen_v he_o but_o also_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o establish_v he_o in_o his_o throne_n to_o that_o end_n one_o of_o his_o uncle_n be_v send_v in_o embassy_n to_o the_o same_o king_n in_o which_o journey_n he_o happen_v to_o pass_v through_o taitung_n the_o three_o chief_a city_n and_o call_v the_o key_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la for_o it_o be_v a_o very_a strong_a place_n and_o serve_v as_o a_o bulwark_n and_o defence_n against_o the_o invasion_n of_o those_o western_a tartar_n into_o china_n moreover_o it_o be_v report_v the_o most_o famous_a of_o all_o other_o for_o the_o beautiful_a woman_n which_o live_v there_o the_o tartar_n who_o attend_v on_o this_o ambassador_n in_o their_o passage_n through_o this_o place_n ravish_v and_o take_v away_o some_o of_o these_o woman_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n a_o bride_n of_o great_a quality_n as_o she_o be_v carry_v by_o chance_n through_o the_o street_n to_o the_o house_n of_o her_o bridegroom_n a_o thing_n that_o be_v hold_v very_o abominable_a among_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o taitung_n at_o this_o time_n be_v one_o kiangus_n a_o commander_n in_o the_o army_n governor_z of_o that_o province_n for_o the_o tartar_n to_o who_o the_o friend_n and_o relation_n of_o the_o virgin_n that_o be_v carry_v away_o by_o force_n come_v
and_o complain_v with_o tear_n in_o their_o eye_n kiangus_n who_o take_v compassion_n of_o they_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o injustice_n and_o villainy_n of_o the_o fact_n send_v immediate_o one_o of_o his_o attendant_n to_o the_o viceroy_n panang_v with_o request_n that_o he_o will_v be_v please_v to_o give_v order_n that_o the_o ravish_a bride_n may_v be_v restore_v to_o her_o bridegroom_n for_o that_o he_o be_v grow_v distract_v upon_o the_o loss_n of_o she_o desire_v also_o that_o care_n may_v be_v take_v to_o prevent_v the_o like_a abuse_n for_o the_o future_a but_o the_o viceroy_n give_v no_o heed_n to_o this_o request_n of_o the_o governor_n but_o suffer_v the_o tartar_n to_o go_v away_o with_o the_o rape_n unquestioned_a which_o kiangus_n take_v so_o to_o heart_n that_o he_o go_v to_o the_o viceroy_n himself_o in_o person_n who_o not_o only_o refuse_v to_o give_v he_o audience_n upon_o it_o but_o command_v he_o to_o be_v put_v out_o of_o his_o court._n kiangus_n boil_v with_o revenge_n at_o this_o uncivil_a carriage_n of_o the_o viceroy_n towards_o he_o swear_v that_o he_o will_v never_o serve_v those_o that_o countenance_n such_o abominable_a action_n and_o not_o long_o after_o have_v draw_v his_o force_n together_o he_o come_v with_o they_o and_o fall_v upon_o panang_n in_o his_o court_n kill_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o follower_n but_o panang_v save_v himself_o by_o be_v let_v down_o with_o a_o rope_n over_o the_o wall_n and_o so_o escape_v with_o his_o life_n kiangus_n hereupon_o know_v that_o what_o he_o have_v do_v be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n to_o make_v he_o lose_v his_o head_n if_o he_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o tartar_n set_v up_o his_o standard_n and_o promise_n to_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n but_o name_v none_o in_o particular_a for_o he_o know_v not_o that_o junglieu_n be_v elect_v to_o that_o dignity_n be_v at_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n from_o he_o he_o likewise_o use_v all_o endeavour_n to_o draw_v the_o chineses_n to_o take_v part_n with_o he_o and_o to_o stand_v up_o for_o the_o regain_n the_o liberty_n of_o their_o country_n which_o by_o the_o unheard_a of_o oppression_n of_o the_o tartar_n they_o have_v lose_v several_a commander_n and_o officer_n hear_v of_o this_o come_v and_o join_v with_o he_o so_o that_o by_o this_o revolt_n of_o kiangus_n new_a trouble_n be_v arisen_a in_o the_o emperor_n court_n at_o peking_n and_o the_o more_o in_o regard_n the_o western_a tartar_n favour_v he_o who_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v more_o man_n into_o the_o field_n than_o the_o eastern_a especial_o horse_n of_o which_o they_o have_v great_a plenty_n whereas_o there_o be_v but_o few_o in_o the_o other_o now_o to_o nip_v these_o rise_n in_o the_o bud_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o kiangus_n a_o very_a great_a army_n be_v forthwith_o raise_v in_o peking_n and_o send_v against_o he_o kiangus_n who_o be_v no_o less_o wise_a than_o valiant_a and_o very_o well_o understand_v the_o humour_n of_o the_o tartar_n have_v converse_v many_o year_n with_o they_o at_o first_o seem_v as_o if_o he_o be_v afraid_a to_o stay_v the_o come_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o he_o flee_v with_o his_o force_n but_o this_o be_v do_v only_o out_o of_o policy_n to_o draw_v they_o to_o pursue_v after_o he_o have_v by_o the_o way_n lay_v a_o ambuscade_n for_o they_o which_o take_v good_a effect_n the_o tartar_n be_v thereby_o set_v upon_o and_o defeat_v and_o after_o they_o have_v rally_v be_v beat_v in_o the_o open_a field_n a_o second_o time_n the_o news_n of_o this_o double_a defeat_n be_v bring_v to_o peking_n occasion_v again_o new_a trouble_n in_o the_o court_n especial_o when_o they_o hear_v that_o kiangus_n his_o army_n consist_v of_o above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o horseman_n and_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o foot_n of_o which_o great_a multitude_n there_o be_v no_o wonder_n for_o every_o person_n be_v glad_a of_o his_o success_n and_o ready_a to_o follow_v he_o as_o the_o redeemer_n of_o their_o country_n from_o the_o tartar_n slavery_n when_o now_o the_o emperor_n uncle_n understand_v with_o how_o great_a success_n this_o kiangus_n proceed_v he_o resolve_v to_o march_v himself_o with_o all_o the_o force_n the_o empire_n be_v able_a to_o make_v against_o he_o for_o he_o dare_v not_o trust_v any_o with_o a_o concern_v upon_o which_o depend_v the_o welfare_n of_o the_o whole_a state_n he_o therefore_o cause_v the_o eight_o standard_n under_o who_o march_v all_o the_o whole_a tartar_n militia_n to_o be_v make_v ready_a for_o the_o war_n and_o according_o that_o he_o may_v lose_v no_o time_n draw_v forth_o the_o choice_a soldier_n of_o this_o great_a body_n wherewith_o he_o march_v against_o kiangus_n to_o chastise_v he_o for_o his_o revolt_n strengthen_v himself_o also_o by_o the_o way_n with_o the_o addition_n of_o many_o more_o force_n which_o he_o have_v from_o the_o southern_a province_n but_o although_o he_o command_v a_o very_a great_a army_n yet_o he_o avoid_v by_o all_o mean_n fight_v with_o kiangus_n who_o give_v he_o occasion_n and_o provoke_v he_o on_o purpose_n to_o draw_v he_o to_o battle_n but_o the_o tartar_n take_v a_o better_a course_n fear_v the_o uncertain_a event_n of_o war_n in_o a_o battle_n and_o know_v how_o to_o overcome_v his_o enemy_n at_o a_o far_o cheap_a rate_n as_o be_v but_o ill_o furnish_v with_o provision_n and_o therefore_o he_o resolve_v to_o delay_v he_o so_o long_o till_o he_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o leave_v the_o field_n for_o want_v of_o victual_n and_o other_o necessary_n beside_o another_o reason_n that_o make_v he_o unwilling_a to_o give_v battle_n be_v because_o he_o first_o desire_v to_o receive_v a_o answer_n from_o the_o western_a tartar_n king_n to_o who_o he_o have_v send_v a_o ambassador_n with_o very_o rich_a present_n and_o several_a handsome_a woman_n with_o order_n also_o to_o demand_v his_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n for_o the_o emperor_n his_o nephew_n and_o request_v he_o not_o to_o give_v any_o assistance_n to_o kiangus_n the_o rebel_n and_o so_o much_o operation_n have_v this_o embassy_n upon_o the_o king_n of_o taniju_n or_o west-tartary_n that_o he_o return_v the_o ambassador_n immediate_o with_o a_o satisfactory_a answer_n and_o promise_v that_o he_o will_v continue_v from_o thenceforward_a in_o peace_n and_o amity_n with_o the_o great_a cham._n kiangus_n also_o have_v send_v thither_o for_o aid_n but_o find_v himself_o frustrate_v in_o his_o expectation_n and_o desert_v think_v it_o most_o advisable_a for_o he_o to_o make_v towards_o the_o city_n of_o taitung_n into_o which_o he_o be_v no_o soon_o enter_v but_o the_o tartar_a force_n be_v at_o his_o heel_n and_o get_v to_o the_o very_a gate_n and_o in_o the_o space_n of_o three_o day_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o peasant_n who_o be_v compel_v to_o come_v in_o a_o deep_a trench_n of_o ten_o mile_n in_o circumference_n be_v draw_v round_o about_o it_o whereupon_o kiangus_n find_v himself_o thus_o pen_v up_o and_o that_o no_o relief_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v but_o he_o must_v either_o be_v kill_v or_o starve_v like_o a_o valiant_a commander_n thus_o bespeak_v his_o man_n you_o see_v fellow_n soldier_n into_o what_o a_o straight_a we_o be_v reduce_v there_o be_v no_o hope_n to_o escape_v but_o by_o fight_v like_o man_n the_o sword_n on_o one_o side_n and_o hunger_n on_o the_o other_o encompass_v we_o let_v we_o not_o suffer_v ourselves_o to_o perish_v with_o hunger_n but_o rather_o with_o our_o sword_n in_o our_o hand_n dear_o sell_v they_o our_o life_n or_o with_o their_o hazard_n cut_v the_o way_n to_o our_o safety_n through_o our_o enemy_n carcase_n i_o for_o my_o part_n will_v die_v with_o my_o zable_n in_o my_o hand_n he_o have_v no_o soon_o end_v his_o speech_n but_o he_o and_o all_o his_o force_n make_v a_o sally_n out_o into_o the_o trench_n where_o both_o side_n fight_v for_o a_o while_n with_o equal_a courage_n till_o kiangus_n unhappy_o strike_v with_o a_o dart_n fall_v down_o dead_a at_o the_o very_a sight_n whereof_o the_o chineses_n despair_v of_o make_v their_o way_n through_o the_o enemy_n some_o fling_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o call_v for_o quarter_n other_o betake_v themselves_o to_o fight_n such_o as_o submit_v free_o to_o the_o tartar_n have_v their_o life_n spare_v for_o they_o now_o think_v they_o have_v do_v enough_o in_o overcome_v so_o great_a and_o dread_a a_o enemy_n who_o power_n will_v have_v endanger_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n after_o they_o have_v clear_v the_o field_n and_o total_o rout_v and_o destroy_v the_o chinese_n army_n they_o march_v into_o the_o city_n taitung_n who_o plunder_n be_v give_v to_o the_o victorious_a soldier_n and_o not_o long_o after_o the_o general_n have_v first_o take_v care_n for_o the_o
settle_n of_o good_a garrison_n in_o all_o place_n march_v back_o in_o triumph_n to_o peking_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a joy_n and_o now_o have_v thus_o subdue_v the_o rebel_n and_o make_v all_o thing_n to_o become_v peaceable_a and_o quiet_a he_o bend_v all_o his_o thought_n to_o accomplish_v the_o match_n between_o the_o emperor_n his_o nephew_n and_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o west-tartary_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o take_v a_o journey_n thither_o in_o person_n and_o through_o his_o crafty_a behaviour_n at_o last_o obtain_v his_o suit_n and_o also_o licence_n for_o the_o exportation_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o horse_n the_o wedding_n be_v keep_v in_o very_o great_a state_n for_o the_o tartar_a king_n maintain_v in_o marriage_n the_o same_o custom_n with_o those_o of_o europe_n match_v only_o with_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o high_a quality_n whereas_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n be_v wont_a to_o choose_v only_o for_o beauty_n make_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n and_o one_o of_o a_o mean_a extraction_n for_o if_o the_o face_n do_v but_o please_v they_o they_o mind_v not_o the_o quality_n as_o a_o testimony_n whereof_o most_o true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o father_n of_o the_o last_o chinese_n empress_n maintain_v himself_o by_o make_v shoe_n of_o straw_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o three_o vice-roys_n who_o be_v make_v by_o the_o tartar_n governor_n over_o the_o three_o province_n of_o fokien_n quantung_n and_o quangsi_n and_o send_v with_o three_o army_n to_o reduce_v quantung_v drive_v out_o the_o emperor_n junglieus_n and_o pacify_v the_o disorder_n in_o the_o southern_a province_n they_o take_v their_o journey_n through_o a_o country_n which_o the_o tartar_n emperor_n have_v give_v to_o some_o tartar_n for_o the_o native_a chineses_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o conspiracy_n be_v all_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n to_o inhabit_v and_o cultivate_v the_o same_o they_o request_v of_o the_o vice-roys_n that_o they_o may_v accompany_v they_o upon_o the_o way_n for_o in_o truth_n these_o people_n ever_o have_v a_o aversion_n to_o husbandry_n love_v their_o arm_n better_a than_o the_o plough_n or_o spade_n but_o two_o of_o the_o vice-roys_n deny_v their_o request_n without_o leave_n from_o the_o emperor_n the_o three_o only_o call_v kengus_n be_v of_o a_o high_a and_o lofty_a spirit_n permit_v they_o to_o follow_v he_o so_o they_o abandon_v the_o country_n and_o exchange_v their_o spade_n and_o plough_n for_o bough_n and_o arrow_n follow_v their_o countryman_n with_o great_a joy_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o emperor_n hear_v of_o it_o he_o write_v a_o letter_n to_o kengus_n with_o express_a command_n to_o send_v they_o back_o to_o their_o husbandry_n but_o kengus_n take_v no_o notice_n thereof_o suffer_v they_o to_o continue_v their_o march_n with_o he_o whereof_o the_o emperor_n have_v a_o second_o time_n notice_n in_o a_o great_a rage_n send_v to_o the_o chief_a tutang_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o southern_a province_n who_o hold_v his_o court_n at_o nank_v either_o to_o imprison_v or_o kill_v kengus_n the_o tutang_n forthwith_o obey_v the_o emperor_n order_n for_o after_o the_o three_o vice-roys_n be_v arrive_v at_o nank_v and_o have_v be_v noble_o treat_v by_o the_o tutang_n he_o pull_v out_o his_o letter_n and_o order_n show_v they_o to_o kengus_n who_o know_v that_o no_o excuse_n will_v be_v admit_v go_v immediate_o and_o hang_v himself_o however_o his_o son_n who_o accompany_v he_o in_o the_o war_n succeed_v he_o in_o his_o place_n by_o order_n of_o the_o emperor_n after_o this_o the_o other_o two_o vice-roys_n through_o the_o province_n of_o xantung_n kiangsi_n and_o nank_v at_o last_o arrive_v at_o quantung_n with_o a_o intention_n according_a to_o their_o commission_n to_o reduce_v that_o province_n and_o to_o force_v junglieu_n to_o fly_v thence_o and_o indeed_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o report_n of_o the_o come_n of_o these_o three_o army_n spread_v through_o the_o country_n but_o most_o place_n submit_v free_o only_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o canton_n or_o quancheu_fw-la endure_v a_o long_a and_o hard_a siege_n and_o make_v great_a and_o valiant_a opposition_n yet_o be_v at_o last_o take_v by_o treachery_n in_o the_o year_n 1650._o all_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v put_v to_o the_o sword_n and_o the_o city_n level_v with_o the_o ground_n after_o the_o take_n of_o canton_n all_o the_o adjacent_a city_n and_o place_n send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o vice-roys_n with_o promise_n of_o submission_n if_o they_o may_v have_v their_o life_n spare_v which_o be_v free_o grant_v they_o then_o the_o viceroy_n march_v with_o his_o army_n to_o the_o city_n chaik_v where_o the_o emperor_n junglieus_n keep_v his_o court_n at_o that_o time_n who_o hear_v of_o his_o come_n dare_v not_o stay_v for_o he_o but_o leave_v the_o city_n and_o province_n and_o flee_v to_o that_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o quangsi_n but_o be_v narrow_o and_o close_o pursue_v he_o be_v necessitate_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tungk_v where_o what_o become_v of_o he_o be_v not_o since_o that_o time_n certain_o know_v in_o the_o year_n 1651._o die_v the_o faithful_a uncle_n of_o the_o tartar_n emperor_n to_o the_o great_a grief_n and_o lamentation_n of_o all_o people_n for_o he_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o great_a valour_n prudence_n and_o experience_n and_o to_o who_o happy_a conduct_v the_o conquest_n of_o china_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v attribute_v not_o only_o the_o tartar_n but_o the_o chineses_n themselves_o love_v and_o fear_v he_o for_o his_o understanding_n in_o martial_a affair_n and_o his_o otherwise_o civil_a comportment_n and_o integrity_n and_o as_o good_a man_n always_o die_v too_o soon_o so_o be_v he_o hardly_o cold_a but_o great_a division_n happen_v in_o the_o court_n by_o mean_n of_o one_o of_o the_o emperor_n brother_n call_v quintus_fw-la who_o will_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o guardianship_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o young_a emperor_n against_o the_o will_n and_o mind_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n for_o they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o emperor_n xunchius_n be_v now_o arrive_v at_o the_o age_n of_o sixteen_o year_n be_v sufficient_o qualify_v to_o take_v upon_o himself_o the_o management_n of_o all_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o state_n but_o ambitious_a quintus_n allege_v that_o the_o emperor_n be_v not_o yet_o of_o a_o age_n capable_a to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o great_a and_o weighty_a affair_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o therefore_o insist_v that_o the_o direction_n and_o management_n of_o affair_n may_v be_v commit_v to_o he_o till_o the_o young_a prince_n shall_v attain_v his_o full_a age_n but_o find_v that_o he_o be_v general_o oppose_v by_o all_o the_o grandee_n of_o the_o court_n and_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o he_o to_o attain_v his_o end_n he_o at_o last_o concur_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o young_a cham_n of_o tartary_n be_v crown_v and_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o government_n unanimous_o throw_v upon_o his_o shoulder_n which_o he_o manage_v with_o such_o judgement_n that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o give_v sufficient_a proof_n of_o his_o ability_n and_o not_o only_o his_o desire_n but_o intention_n to_o do_v justice_n insomuch_o that_o when_o some_o dangerous_a counsel_n which_o his_o decease_a uncle_n have_v in_o his_o life-time_n give_v come_v to_o break_v out_o he_o cause_v his_o dead_a body_n to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o tomb_n and_o be_v most_o shameful_o misuse_v and_o the_o tomb_n to_o be_v break_v in_o piece_n nor_o end_v he_o there_o for_o those_o of_o his_o uncle_n relation_n who_o be_v privy_a and_o consent_n to_o the_o say_a counsel_n be_v likewise_o handle_v with_o extreme_a severity_n thus_o far_o have_v i_o spend_v in_o set_v forth_o particular_o how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n the_o robber_n licungzus_n first_o overran_a china_n and_o after_o his_o expulsion_n how_o the_o tartar_n at_o last_o conquer_v the_o same_o now_o you_o be_v to_o remember_v that_o contemporary_a with_o licungzus_n be_v another_o thief_n call_v changlianchus_n the_o remain_a transaction_n of_o who_o villainy_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o in_o part_n make_v mention_n i_o shall_v now_o relate_v and_o indeed_o when_o i_o call_v to_o mind_v the_o cruelty_n commit_v by_o this_o monster_n in_o man_n shape_n i_o be_o as_o one_o deprive_v of_o his_o sense_n for_o his_o action_n be_v so_o dismal_a and_o horrid_a that_o whoever_o hear_v of_o they_o will_v be_v fill_v with_o stupefaction_n and_o amazement_n this_o robber_n changlianchus_n plunder_v and_o ruin_v several_a province_n put_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o unspeakable_a torture_n to_o make_v they_o confess_v where_o they_o have_v hide_v their_o wealth_n and_o good_n he_o be_v great_o delight_v to_o put_v out_o people_n eye_n and_o to_o see_v
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seek_v rapine_n from_o all_o people_n to_o furnish_v themselves_o for_o maintenance_n of_o their_o rebellion_n at_o home_n whereto_o his_o majesty_n express_v his_o credit_n by_o tell_v i_o that_o two_o year_n since_o upon_o their_o proffer_n at_o it_o he_o have_v deny_v they_o entrance_n into_o his_o country_n and_o that_o he_o know_v not_o how_o they_o have_v now_o obtain_v it_o signify_v that_o it_o be_v either_o through_o negligence_n or_o surreptitious_a deal_n in_o his_o officer_n which_o i_o interpret_v to_o he_o to_o be_v the_o bribe_v those_o of_o canton_n however_o since_o there_o be_v a_o licence_n send_v for_o their_o come_n to_o court_n the_o best_a be_v to_o admit_v they_o because_o it_o will_v seem_v light_a now_o to_o revoke_v it_o only_o he_o shall_v be_v cautious_a how_o he_o grant_v they_o any_o commerce_n in_o his_o country_n for_o wheresoever_o they_o once_o get_v footing_n they_o immediate_o so_o fortify_v themselves_o that_o there_o be_v then_o no_o expulsion_n 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arrival_n at_o canton_n and_o this_o court_n the_o whole_a amount_n to_o forty_o month_n whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o can_v not_o go_v hence_o home_n and_o there_o wait_v for_o a_o commission_n and_o present_n to_o return_v hither_o with_o they_o and_o all_o in_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n as_o have_v be_v pretend_v so_o that_o by_o this_o lie_v the_o emperor_n may_v judge_v what_o credit_n be_v to_o be_v give_v they_o in_o other_o matter_n the_o emperor_n be_v somewhat_o amaze_v at_o this_o argument_n but_o approach_v near_o as_o if_o i_o have_v some_o secret_n to_o whisper_v to_o he_o i_o allege_v a_o second_o which_o much_o more_o astonish_v he_o thus_o if_o these_o people_n get_v foot_v in_o any_o place_n upon_o pretence_n of_o commerce_n immediate_o they_o raise_v fortress_n and_o plant_v gun_n wherein_o they_o be_v most_o expert_a and_o so_o appropriate_a a_o title_n to_o their_o possession_n i_o admire_v how_o they_o come_v to_o be_v lead_v through_o the_o emperor_n highway_n between_o canton_n and_o this_o court_n and_o to_o be_v suffer_v to_o view_v all_o place_n which_o may_v be_v most_o advantageous_a to_o they_o for_o suppose_v they_o have_v a_o design_n to_o invade_v the_o kingdom_n of_o cayo_n if_o they_o come_v to_o that_o island_n which_o be_v call_v the_o golden_a mountain_n stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o great_a river_n where_o it_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o shall_v there_o build_v a_o castle_n they_o will_v command_v that_o passage_n and_o be_v capable_a of_o all_o supply_n from_o sea_n in_o despite_n of_o this_o whole_a country_n and_o thereabouts_o be_v four_o great_a city_n which_o who_o can_v preserve_v from_o their_o incursion_n if_o they_o shall_v settle_v themselves_o upon_o the_o aforesaid_a place_n which_o they_o will_v be_v able_a to_o defend_v with_o a_o hundred_o man_n though_o it_o will_v put_v your_o majesty_n to_o the_o charge_n of_o keep_v two_o or_o three_o thousand_o man_n in_o pay_n to_o attend_v their_o motion_n and_o the_o like_a danger_n there_o will_v be_v in_o what_o place_n soever_o shall_v be_v allot_v they_o for_o abide_v let_v not_o the_o emperor_n take_v it_o ill_a that_o i_o do_v thus_o free_o declare_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o danger_n i_o apprehend_v he_o to_o be_v in_o for_o i_o stand_v before_o my_o bounteous_a lord_n and_o master_n to_o who_o i_o be_o oblige_v to_o declare_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v prevent_v his_o ill_n the_o fear_n whereof_o breed_v no_o little_a anxiety_n in_o my_o heart_n the_o emperor_n stand_v muse_v for_o a_o small_a space_n and_o then_o signify_v his_o clear_a apprehension_n of_o what_o i_o deliver_v and_o present_o ask_v i_o if_o the_o muscovite_n be_v of_o the_o same_o temper_n whereto_o i_o answer_v quite_o contrary_a that_o they_o be_v a_o
this_o follow_a decree_n of_o the_o emperor_n be_v publish_a the_o ultimate_a decree_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o holland_n health_n and_o peace_n which_o out_o of_o its_o cordial_a love_n to_o justice_n have_v subject_v itself_o to_o we_o and_o send_v ambassador_n through_o the_o wide_a sea_n to_o pay_v we_o tribute_n we_o nevertheless_o weigh_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o length_n of_o the_o voyage_n with_o the_o danger_n incident_a thereunto_o do_v hearty_o grant_v they_o leave_v to_o come_v once_o every_o eight_o year_n to_o pay_v their_o tribute_n unto_o this_o court_n and_o this_o we_o do_v to_o make_v know_v to_o the_o universe_n our_o affection_n to_o the_o people_n of_o the_o remote_a part_n in_o all_o other_o thing_n we_o give_v our_o royal_a consent_n and_o approbation_n to_o the_o remonstrance_n of_o our_o court_n of_o request_n thus_o you_o see_v neither_o the_o court_n nor_o emperor_n have_v grant_v they_o commerce_n in_o this_o country_n which_o be_v deny_v there_o be_v little_a reason_n to_o think_v that_o they_o will_v return_v to_o pay_v their_o tribute_n only_o whence_o they_o shall_v reap_v neither_o honour_n nor_o profit_n but_o contrary_o damage_n and_o disgrace_n for_o although_o the_o emperor_n shall_v have_v return_v they_o gift_n of_o equal_a value_n to_o their_o present_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n yet_o the_o expense_n of_o a_o ship_n or_o two_o for_o the_o space_n almost_o of_o two_o year_n will_v be_v burdensome_a and_o ridiculous_a which_o however_o allow_v the_o denial_n of_o commerce_n to_o they_o if_o the_o emperor_n have_v grant_v they_o their_o return_n every_o year_n they_o may_v well_o have_v make_v up_o by_o a_o private_a trade_n especial_o be_v so_o much_o in_o favour_n with_o the_o vice-roys_n of_o canton_n and_o the_o tartar_n thereabouts_o who_o will_v engross_v the_o profit_n thereof_o therefore_o do_v god_n stir_v up_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o chinese_n mandorin_n unanimous_o to_o oppose_v and_o contradict_v it_o and_o at_o length_n when_o both_o tartar_n and_o chinese_n have_v grant_v their_o return_n every_o five_o year_n the_o emperor_n by_o special_a divine_a providence_n have_v augment_v it_o to_o the_o eight_o year_n and_o before_o that_o revolution_n come_v either_o the_o emperor_n the_o vice-roys_n of_o canton_n or_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o favourer_n will_v be_v dead_a or_o the_o hollander_n will_v be_v destroy_v or_o the_o time_n will_v be_v change_v and_o other_o government_n will_v succeed_v but_o if_o all_o these_o fail_n and_o the_o hollander_n will_v be_v so_o abject_a to_o return_v at_o the_o eight_o year_n end_n yet_o the_o lord_n will_v minister_v some_o mean_n to_o we_o for_o the_o ruine_v their_o design_n albeit_o there_o be_v little_a probability_n of_o their_o return_n since_o they_o depart_v so_o high_o discontent_v as_o they_o do_v as_o well_o by_o the_o strict_a watch_n that_o be_v set_v over_o they_o as_o for_o that_o they_o be_v never_o admit_v to_o the_o emperor_n presence_n as_o father_n balion_n have_v acquaint_v i_o in_o a_o epistle_n which_o he_o write_v to_o i_o by_o a_o post_n after_o my_o departure_n to_o nank_v wherein_o he_o thus_o write_v the_o hollander_n may_v not_o come_v into_o the_o king_n presence_n nor_o the_o muscovite_n because_o they_o will_v not_o submit_v themselves_o to_o those_o ceremony_n of_o reverence_n accustom_a in_o this_o palace_n they_o be_v novice_n and_o ignorant_a in_o affair_n and_o obstinate_a in_o refuse_v to_o accommodate_v themselves_o to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n god_n will_v at_o length_n discover_v his_o mercy_n to_o the_o catholic_n portuguese_n here_o the_o court_n of_o request_n exhibit_v a_o remonstrance_n to_o the_o emperor_n to_o grant_v they_o leave_v to_o return_v every_o five_o year_n but_o not_o any_o liberty_n of_o trade_n but_o the_o emperor_n have_v alter_v the_o five_o to_o the_o eight_o year_n which_o be_v equivalent_a with_o a_o forbid_v they_o ever_o to_o return_v again_o the_o day_n before_o publish_v the_o emperor_n decree_n whereof_o i_o here_o send_v your_o fatherhood_n a_o copy_n father_n adam_n tell_v i_o he_o have_v speak_v with_o the_o emperor_n thus_o far_o father_n balion_n your_o lordship_n may_v observe_v how_o much_o our_o god_n do_v favour_n and_o assist_v true_a catholic_n christian_n for_o the_o tartar_n and_o chinese_n be_v high_o offend_v with_o the_o hollander_n and_o account_v they_o barbarian_n for_o refuse_v the_o ceremony_n and_o reverence_n of_o the_o court_n and_o the_o hollander_n with_o the_o muscovite_n be_v equal_o distaste_v because_o they_o can_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o emperor_n presence_n without_o they_o and_o very_o just_a be_v it_o that_o heretic_n and_o schismatic_n shall_v depart_v with_o hatred_n and_o disgust_n that_o by_o their_o ill_a example_n they_o may_v not_o give_v scandal_n to_o the_o new_a christianity_n here_o plant_v nor_o cause_v the_o religion_n of_o europe_n to_o be_v ill_o speak_v of_o wherefore_o the_o most_o noble_a captain_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o holy_a city_n be_v your_o lordship_n of_o good_a courage_n and_o hope_v strong_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n that_o as_o he_o have_v suffer_v his_o city_n most_o faithful_a to_o his_o divine_a majesty_n of_o late_a year_n to_o undergo_v so_o many_o tribulation_n he_o have_v do_v it_o for_o direction_n only_o not_o for_o destruction_n do_v gold_n melt_v in_o the_o furnace_n come_v out_o waste_v and_o consume_v no_o but_o more_o pure_a bright_a and_o precious_a can_v god_n forget_v the_o piety_n of_o such_o a_o city_n which_o maintain_v so_o many_o religious_a of_o all_o sort_n and_o where_o so_o many_o mass_n and_o oblation_n be_v daily_o offer_v where_o be_v the_o refuge_n and_o sanctuary_n of_o religion_n but_o in_o this_o city_n which_o be_v glorious_o call_v the_o name_n of_o god_n can_v god_n forget_v his_o promise_n he_o have_v promise_v tribulation_n and_o a_o hundred-fold_n for_o the_o suffering_n of_o his_o saint_n and_o a_o hundred_o he_o will_v pay_v finis_fw-la a_o appendix_n or_o special_a remark_n take_v at_o large_a out_o of_o athanasius_n kircher_n antiquity_n of_o china_n part_n i._n chap._n i._n the_o cause_n and_o occasion_n of_o this_o work_n it_o be_v now_o about_o thirty_o year_n since_o i_o produce_v the_o exposition_n of_o a_o certain_a syro-chinesian_a monument_n find_v in_o china_n in_o the_o year_n 1625._o which_o although_o it_o gain_v no_o small_a applause_n among_o the_o reader_n of_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a apprehension_n who_o be_v take_v with_o the_o novelty_n yet_o there_o be_v not_o want_v some_o incompetent_a censurer_n or_o critic_n who_o cease_v not_o to_o wound_v its_o reputation_n by_o snarl_v and_o trifle_a objection_n stab_v it_o with_o critical_a steletto_n albeit_o they_o prove_v in_o the_o sequel_n leaden_a and_o blunt_a viz._n that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o monument_n of_o such_o a_o kind_n in_o nature_n and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a forgery_n this_o they_o endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_v possible_a not_o only_o to_o persuade_v themselves_o to_o believe_v but_o also_o to_o raise_v a_o like_a credulity_n in_o other_o these_o and_o the_o like_a person_n be_v deserve_o and_o aught_o to_o be_v esteem_v for_o such_o who_o reject_v all_o divine_a and_o humane_a faith_n approve_v of_o nothing_o but_o what_o they_o have_v see_v themselves_o account_v nothing_o to_o be_v believe_v but_o what_o their_o own_o brain_n have_v dictate_v to_o they_o these_o be_v they_o that_o like_v troublesome_a flesh-flies_a fly_v at_o any_o obvious_a fatness_n soil_n that_o which_o be_v sincere_a and_o untainted_a and_o desist_v not_o to_o bespot_n that_o which_o be_v pure_a with_o a_o defile_v and_o thrasonick_a blast_n among_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a modern_a writer_n who_o blush_v not_o with_o all_o his_o may_v and_o indeed_o with_o a_o insolent_a scoff_n to_o question_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o monument_n sometime_o assert_v it_o to_o be_v introduce_v by_o a_o jesuitical_a cheat_n and_o other_o while_n aver_v that_o it_o be_v a_o flat_a and_o plain_a forgery_n of_o the_o jesuit_n feign_v both_o to_o deceive_v the_o chinese_n and_o also_o to_o defraud_v they_o of_o their_o treasure_n i_o shall_v conceal_v the_o name_n of_o the_o person_n partly_o out_o of_o a_o tenderness_n to_o christian_a charity_n and_o partly_o because_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o prudent_a and_o know_a man_n he_o seem_v unworthy_a of_o any_o answer_n see_v that_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o monument_n be_v establish_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o eye-witness_n of_o so_o many_o illustrious_a author_n by_o so_o many_o book_n concern_v this_o method_n divulge_v throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n by_o the_o chinesian_a colais_n themselves_o leo_n and_o paul_n person_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o instruct_v in_o the_o
law_n which_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n hereupon_o the_o law_n of_o god_n be_v promulgate_v through_o all_o the_o ten_o province_n of_o china_n the_o kingdom_n enjoy_v a_o flourish_a peace_n all_o the_o city_n be_v fill_v with_o church_n and_o the_o people_n prosper_v under_o the_o evangelical_n felicity_n 8._o in_o this_o year_n call_v ximlie_o which_o be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 699._o the_o bonzii_n follower_n of_o the_o pagod_n make_v use_n of_o their_o strength_n with_o a_o huge_a clamour_n aloud_o blaspheme_v our_o holy_a law_n in_o the_o place_n which_o be_v call_v tum_o cieu_o in_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n and_o in_o the_o end_n of_o another_o year_n call_v sien_n tien_n which_o answer_v to_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 713._o certain_a private_a man_n in_o sieno_fw-la the_o ancient_a place_n of_o venvam_n the_o commentator_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v siganfu_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la be_v so_o audacious_a as_o to_o rail_v against_o our_o holy_a law_n with_o mock_v flout_n and_o opprobrious_a language_n 9_o at_o this_o time_n there_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a priest_n a_o bishop_n as_o it_o shall_v seem_v by_o name_n john_n and_o another_o man_n of_o great_a virtue_n and_o eminency_n by_o name_n kie_fw-mi lie_n with_o other_o noble_n and_o person_n belong_v to_o they_o no_o less_o honour_v for_o their_o fame_n than_o respect_v for_o their_o contempt_n of_o worldly_a affair_n who_o begin_v again_o to_o revive_v and_o preach_v their_o most_o excellent_a gospel_n and_o to_o tie_v together_o those_o thread_n which_o by_o the_o malice_n of_o the_o devil_n have_v be_v break_v and_o the_o king_n hiven_fw-mi cum_fw-la chi_fw-mi tao_fw-mi who_o begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 719._o command_v five_o of_o his_o principal_a officer_n that_o they_o shall_v go_v in_o person_n into_o that_o happy_a house_n mean_v the_o church_n and_o erect_v altar_n then_o the_o pillar_n of_o the_o law_n which_o for_o a_o short_a time_n have_v be_v lay_v grovel_v begin_v anew_o to_o rise_v and_o flourish_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n tien_n pao_o be_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 743._o king_n ota_n ciam_fw-la kuen_n give_v strict_a command_n to_o cuolie_n fie_o a_o eunuch_n in_o extraordinary_a favour_n and_o power_n with_o he_o that_o he_o shall_v carry_v the_o true_a effigy_n of_o the_o five_o king_n his_o predecessor_n and_o grandfather_n and_o place_v they_o in_o the_o church_n whither_o also_o he_o shall_v send_v a_o hundred_o measure_n of_o precious_a thing_n for_o celebrate_v the_o solemnity_n the_o author_n kim_n lim_z say_v in_o honour_n of_o the_o say_a king_n 10._o in_o the_o three_o year_n tien_n pao_o be_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 745._o there_o be_v in_o judea_n other_o say_v india_n one_o kieho_n a_o priest_n who_o be_v conduct_v into_o china_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o star_n and_o look_v upon_o the_o sun_n this_o be_v a_o ceremony_n of_o those_o who_o be_v admit_v to_o speak_v with_o our_o emperor_n he_o be_v forthwith_o bring_v into_o his_o presence_n but_o the_o emperor_n command_v that_o the_o priest_n john_n and_o paul_n with_o other_o of_o that_o profession_n and_o the_o so_o eminent_o virtuous_a person_n kieho_n shall_v betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o palace_n he_o kim_n to_o worship_n and_o perform_v other_o holy_a act_n of_o devotion_n at_o this_o time_n his_o royal_a grant_n be_v keep_v in_o table_n in_o the_o church_n according_a to_o order_v rich_o adorn_v and_o glitter_a with_o red_a and_o blue_a and_o the_o empty_a space_n be_v fill_v with_o the_o royal_a plume_n ascend_v and_o reach_v even_o to_o the_o sun_n his_o favour_n and_o donation_n be_v compare_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o south_n and_o the_o abundance_n of_o his_o benefit_n equal_a to_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o east_n sea_n reason_n can_v but_o well_o like_o a_o thing_n so_o approve_v and_o worthy_a to_o be_v remember_v therefore_o the_o king_n sa_n cum_fw-la nen_fw-mi man_n or_o venus_n min_fw-fr who_o begin_v to_o reign_v in_o the_o year_n 757._o command_v church_n to_o be_v build_v in_o limb_o suu_fw-la seu_fw-la and_o five_o other_o city_n by_o a_o new_a proclamation_n this_o king_n be_v of_o a_o most_o acute_a ingenuity_n under_o who_o a_o gate_n of_o happiness_n be_v open_v to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o hereby_o all_o the_o royal_a affair_n of_o state_n be_v administer_v and_o prosper_v with_o applause_n rejoice_v and_o felicity_n 11._o the_o king_n tai_n cum_fw-la nen_fw-mi vu_z come_v to_o the_o throne_n in_o 764._o and_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o good_a time_n manage_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o any_o difficulty_n at_o the_o feast_n of_o christ_n birth_n every_o year_n he_o send_v certain_a excellent_a perfume_n in_o a_o thankful_a remembrance_n and_o assign_v princely_a provision_n of_o all_o kind_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o minister_n of_o that_o holy_a law_n sure_o the_o heaven_n give_v beauty_n and_o perfection_n to_o the_o world_n which_o therefore_o produce_v all_o thing_n with_o so_o liberal_a a_o hand_n this_o king_n imitate_v heaven_n and_o therefore_o know_v it_o be_v fit_a to_o nourish_v and_o preserve_v his_o own_o 12._o the_o king_n kien_n cium_o xim_o when_fw-mi vu_fw-fr in_o the_o year_n 781._o use_v eight_o way_n of_o reward_v the_o good_a and_o chastise_v the_o bad._n he_o set_v forth_o new_a order_n for_o restore_v and_o promote_a the_o gospel_n christ_n his_o government_n be_v full_a of_o excellency_n we_o pray_v to_o god_n for_o he_o not_o blush_v thereat_o he_o be_v eminent_a for_o virtue_n peaceable_n and_o learned_a he_o love_v his_o neighbour_n abound_v with_o charity_n to_o help_v all_o and_o be_v a_o great_a benefactor_n to_o all_o then_o live_v this_o be_v the_o true_a way_n and_o the_o scale_n of_o our_o holy_a law_n to_o cause_v that_o the_o wind_n and_o the_o rain_n return_n at_o their_o wont_a season_n that_o the_o world_n be_v quiet_a man_n well_o govern_v affair_n orderly_o dispose_v such_o as_o yet_o be_v on_o earth_n live_v well_o and_o those_o that_o be_v decease_v enjoy_v rest_n and_o peace_n to_o have_v these_o thing_n in_o readiness_n and_o be_v able_a to_o give_v a_o account_n thereof_o proceed_v real_o from_o our_o holy_a faith_n and_o be_v effect_n of_o the_o strength_n and_o power_n of_o our_o most_o sacred_a gospel_n 13._o the_o king_n give_v to_o the_o priest_n call_v usa_fw-la and_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a preacher_n of_o the_o law_n these_o title_n kin_n ju_o quam_fw-la lo_o tai_fw-la fu_fw-la be_v a_o office_n in_o the_o court_n and_o sou_n fum_o cie_n tu_fw-la fu_fw-la lei_fw-it be_v a_o office_n without_o the_o court_n and_o xi_o tien_n thum_z kien_n another_o office_n also_o but_o the_o explication_n thereof_o we_o have_v not_o find_v in_o the_o exemplar_n he_o give_v also_o to_o the_o say_a priest_n and_o preacher_n of_o the_o great_a law_n a_o vestment_n of_o blue_a 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of_o this_o stone_n and_o of_o the_o inscription_n mention_v his_o word_n translate_v be_v these_o in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la in_o china_n where_o now_o trigautius_n reside_v a_o certain_a stone_n of_o about_o twenty_o four_o hand_n breath_n be_v dig_v up_o in_o which_o be_v manifest_o apparent_a that_o above_o a_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o forty_o three_o year_n since_o there_o be_v christian_n with_o shave_a crown_n that_o preach_v the_o mystery_n of_o the_o trinity_n and_o incarnation_n and_o that_o the_o king_n of_o china_n confer_v many_o favour_n on_o they_o doctor_n leo_n desire_v to_o have_v the_o whole_a matter_n print_v first_o transcribe_v by_o the_o mandorin_n that_o be_v christian_n to_o show_v all_o the_o mystery_n contain_v on_o the_o stone_n that_o the_o same_o may_v more_o plain_o appear_v at_o present_a we_o only_o endeavour_v that_o the_o matter_n may_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o emperor_n god_n prosper_v all_o to_o his_o own_o 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be_v express_v in_o that_o stone_n and_o who_o â—ll_o of_o they_o favour_v the_o christian_n now_o the_o preacher_n of_o this_o law_n come_v out_o of_o palestine_n and_o other_o adjoin_a place_n it_o contain_v the_o chief_a mystery_n of_o our_o faith_n which_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o inscription_n all_o which_o be_v large_o evident_a from_o the_o forementioned_a testimony_n of_o father_n boim_n martinius_n and_o daniel_n bartolus_n which_o be_v collect_v from_o the_o study_n of_o the_o college_n of_o our_o society_n but_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v worth_a our_o time_n to_o produce_v this_o syrian_a inscription_n in_o the_o same_o strangelick_n character_n in_o which_o it_o be_v express_v in_o china_n together_o with_o the_o interpretation_n especial_o see_v the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n in_o china_n therefore_o send_v it_o hither_o into_o europe_n in_o a_o particular_a folio_n print_v in_o china_n by_o the_o master_n of_o that_o language_n for_o a_o better_a explanation_n of_o it_o for_o this_o be_v explain_v i_o hope_v it_o will_v so_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o both_o the_o day_n the_o name_n the_o country_n and_o the_o office_n of_o the_o preacher_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n and_o final_o our_o design_n will_v the_o more_o evident_o be_v discover_v the_o inscription_n of_o the_o syriack_n name_n be_v twofold_a one_o of_o they_o sculp_v on_o the_o margin_n the_o other_o on_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o monument_n and_o because_o this_o latter_a contain_v the_o year_n of_o its_o erection_n we_o shall_v begin_v the_o thread_n of_o our_o exposition_n from_o it_o the_o syrian_a inscription_n be_v as_o follow_v adam_n kasiso_n ucurapiscupo_n upapasi_fw-la di_fw-it zinstà n_n bejume_v abo_n dabohotho_fw-la mor_fw-mi haâ—an_fw-mi jesua_n kataliko_n patriarchis_fw-la besanath_n alf_a utisaain_n utarten_v dia_z vanoie_n mor_fw-mi libuzad_v kasiso_n ucurapiscupo_n de_fw-fr cumdan_n medinah_fw-mi malcutho_fw-mi bar_n nihh_fw-mi napso_fw-la milis_fw-la kasiso_fw-la dmâ—_n balehh_v medintho_n tahhurstan_n akim_n lucho_fw-la hono_fw-la papa_n dicta_fw-la bou_fw-mi beh_fw-it medaharnaâ—ho_fw-mi dpharukan_fw-mi ucaruzuthon_n dabhain_v daluat_a malche_fw-mi dizinio_fw-mi adam_n meschamschono_n bar_v jidbuzad_a curaphiscopo_n mar_n sargis_n kasiso_n ucurapiscupo_n sarnischua_n kasiso_n gabriel_n kasiso_n varcodia_fw-la cun_fw-la urisch_n ahito_fw-la de_fw-fr cumbdan_n u._fw-mi dasrag_fw-mi this_o the_o explication_n of_o it_o adam_n priest_n or_o presbyter_n and_o archbishop_n and_o pope_n of_o zindostan_n or_o the_o region_n of_o china_n where_o note_v that_o stan_n in_o the_o indian_a language_n signify_v a_o region_n whence_o be_v derive_v indostan_n turkistan_n or_o turchestan_n and_o the_o like_a name_n that_o signify_v the_o same_o even_o as_o the_o follow_a german_a name_n friesland_n and_o franckeland_n signify_v the_o region_n of_o frisia_n and_o francovia_n and_o other_o innumerable_a word_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n all_o which_o be_v 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erect_v this_o table_n and_o the_o administration_n or_o government_n of_o our_o savionr_n be_v inscribe_v in_o it_o and_o also_o the_o preach_a of_o our_o father_n who_o reside_v with_o the_o king_n of_o china_n adam_n the_o deacon_n son_n of_o jidbuzad_n episcopal_a vicar_n mar_n sargis_n presbyter_n and_o episcopal_a vicar_n sarnischua_n presbyter_n gabriel_n presbyter_n and_o archdeacon_n head_n of_o the_o church_n of_o cumdan_n and_o dasrag_n and_o these_o be_v find_v in_o the_o folio_n print_v in_o china_n which_o be_v also_o see_v ensculpt_v on_o the_o stone_n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v any_o far_o i_o must_v clear_v one_o difficulty_n which_o occur_v about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o erection_n of_o this_o stone_n for_o the_o year_n of_o this_o stone_n in_o the_o chinesian_a inscription_n be_v find_v so_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o syriack_n that_o not_o a_o few_o person_n be_v perplex_v with_o the_o diversity_n allege_v their_o doubt_n unto_o i_o concern_v the_o 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a_o great_a controversy_n among_o author_n concern_v this_o emperor_n and_o the_o situation_n quality_n and_o condition_n of_o his_o kingdom_n or_o empire_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n allege_v something_o concern_v this_o prince_n and_o his_o dominion_n for_o the_o more_o clear_a explication_n of_o the_o matter_n or_o subject_n albeit_o i_o have_v already_o treat_v of_o the_o same_o in_o my_o prodromus_n coptus_fw-la who_o be_v that_o famous_a presbyter_n john_n and_o whether_o there_o ever_o be_v such_o a_o emmperor_n now_o therefore_o as_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n be_v at_o first_o call_v pharaoh_n and_o afterward_o ptolemyes_n those_o of_o mauritania_n seriphii_fw-la those_o of_o the_o persian_n former_o xerxes_n artaxerxes_n and_o now_o sophi_n so_o the_o name_n of_o presbyter_n john_n have_v now_o for_o a_o long_a time_n denote_v the_o dignity_n of_o some_o christian_a prince_n who_o dominion_n be_v place_v by_o consent_n of_o the_o most_o know_a person_n not_o 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of_o china_n and_o last_o benedict_n go_v of_o the_o same_o society_n who_o by_o order_n from_o his_o superior_n travel_v from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o magor_n purposely_o to_o find_v out_o cathay_n by_o a_o land-voyage_n i_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o far_o wide_a of_o the_o truth_n that_o beside_o that_o portion_n of_o land_n which_o by_o the_o name_n of_o cathay_n be_v find_v by_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o china_n there_o be_v another_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n much_o large_a conterminate_a on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n unto_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n but_o see_v that_o all_o that_o region_n without_o the_o wall_n of_o china_n be_v a_o desert_n almost_o of_o two_o month_n travel_n incultivate_v and_o destitute_a of_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o region_n of_o china_n in_o latter_a time_n as_o be_v very_o much_o manure_v and_o abound_v in_o all_o thing_n may_v proper_o be_v call_v cathay_n and_o that_o the_o desert_n at_o this_o day_n call_v kalmuk_n and_o the_o region_n confine_v on_o it_o without_o the_o wall_n in_o former_a age_n have_v the_o name_n of_o cathay_n the_o desert_n in_o the_o adjoin_a kingdom_n of_o which_o that_o same_o presbyter_n john_n of_o who_o even_o now_o we_o treat_v rule_v in_o the_o day_n of_o our_o ancestor_n marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n term_v it_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o great_a cham_n the_o holy_a scripture_n as_o arias_n montanus_n will_v have_v it_o gog_n and_o magog_n concern_v which_o thus_o write_v sibylla_n heu_fw-la tibi_fw-la gogque_fw-la magogque_fw-la aliisque_fw-la ex_fw-la ordine_fw-la cunctis_fw-la marson_n atque_fw-la angon_n tibi_fw-la quot_fw-la mala_fw-la fata_fw-la propinquant_fw-la now_o that_o this_o be_v the_o scythian_a cathay_n be_v show_v by_o the_o arabic_a geographer_n throughout_o the_o four_o entire_a last_o climate_n where_o he_o describe_v it_o to_o abound_v in_o man_n animal_n and_o mineral_n flourish_v with_o christian_n 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cloud_n perpetual_o fix_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountainous_a caucasian_n rock_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o mountain_n be_v many_o city_n of_o jagog_n and_o magog_n and_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o region_n out_o of_o a_o certain_a curiosity_n ascend_v some_o part_n of_o it_o to_o discover_v what_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o what_o be_v beyond_o but_o many_o never_a return_n either_o because_o they_o be_v devour_v by_o wild_a beast_n or_o take_v by_o the_o transmountainer_n but_o some_o that_o have_v return_v safe_a relate_v that_o in_o the_o region_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n in_o the_o night_n be_v many_o fire_n but_o in_o the_o day_n nothing_o else_o but_o a_o thick_a cloud_n mix_v with_o darkness_n be_v discover_v also_o in_o the_o seven_o part_n of_o the_o same_o climate_n line_n 34._o he_o add_v in_o these_o region_n many_o christian_n or_o nazaraean_o do_v
learn_v from_o a_o astrologer_n that_o in_o time_n it_o will_v become_v rebellious_a unto_o his_o empire_n this_o city_n be_v build_v foursquare_a comprehend_v in_o circuit_n twenty_o four_o mile_n the_o side_n of_o every_o square_a or_o quadrate_n contain_v six_o mile_n it_o have_v wall_n white_v over_o which_o be_v twenty_o pace_n high_a ten_o in_o breadth_n but_o in_o thickness_n become_v narrow_a as_o they_o ascend_v every_o quadrature_n of_o these_o wall_n have_v three_o principal_a gate_n there_o be_v twelve_o in_o all_o which_o have_v each_o a_o magnificent_a palace_n build_v near_o unto_o they_o in_o the_o corner_n also_o of_o the_o wall_n there_o be_v noble_a tower_n where_o the_o arm_n and_o ammunition_n of_o the_o city_n be_v store_v and_o keep_v there_o be_v street_n and_o passage_n straight_o through_o the_o city_n so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o free_a prospect_n from_o one_o gate_n unto_o another_o most_o beautiful_a house_n be_v erect_v on_o either_o side_n a_o little_a far_o he_o say_v that_o without_o the_o city_n of_o cambalu_n there_o be_v twelve_o great_a suburb_n adjoin_v unto_o each_o of_o the_o twelve_o gate_n in_o which_o merchant_n and_o stranger_n be_v continual_o find_v all_o which_o be_v so_o agreeable_a unto_o the_o princely_a city_n of_o pequin_n that_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o difference_n as_o martinius_n relate_v in_o page_n 29._o of_o his_o atlas_n also_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n tadinfu_n cacanfu_n quelinfu_n cingianfu_n sianfu_n which_o also_o be_v now_o call_v siganfu_n situate_v not_o far_o from_o the_o saffron_n river_n which_o be_v take_v by_o the_o great_a cham_n after_o three_o year_n siege_n by_o the_o help_n of_o batter_a engine_n as_o yet_o unknown_a in_o china_n which_o he_o cause_v christian_a arrizan_n to_o make_v this_o happen_v anno_fw-la 1268._o as_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n who_o with_o his_o father_n nicolas_n and_o his_o uncle_n that_o then_o be_v resident_a with_o the_o emperor_n relate_v see_v marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n in_o his_o second_o book_n chap._n 58._o for_o furio_n in_o the_o chinesian_a language_n signify_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o great_a city_n and_o also_o ceu_fw-la add_v unto_o other_o word_n or_o name_n denote_v a_o small_a or_o indifferent_a city_n which_o word_n be_v proper_a and_o know_v unto_o no_o other_o region_n but_o only_o that_o of_o china_n yet_o nothing_o so_o clear_o demonstrate_v china_n to_o be_v take_v for_o cathay_n as_o the_o astronomical_a botanical_a monument_n of_o the_o persian_n which_o the_o learned_a jacobus_n golius_n in_o his_o appendix_n adjoin_v unto_o the_o atlas_n sinicus_n have_v make_v apparent_a unto_o we_o from_o the_o astronomical_a table_n of_o nasirodim_n a_o persian_a mathematician_n famous_a throughout_o the_o whole_a east_n where_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v the_o cathaian_a name_n of_o the_o twelve_o hour_n into_o which_o the_o natural_a day_n be_v divide_v among_o the_o chinese_n or_o cathaians_n so_o correspondent_a unto_o the_o chinesian_n that_o they_o differ_v in_o nothing_o which_o be_v also_o testify_v by_o as_o many_o of_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n as_o have_v return_v from_o china_n to_o rome_n but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o evident_a i_o shall_v here_o set_v down_o the_o name_n the_o name_n of_o the_o hour_n into_o which_o the_o natural_a day_n be_v divide_v among_o the_o chinese_n or_o cathaians_n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o 11_o 12_o cu_z cheu_n yin_n mao_n xin_n su_n v_z vi_n xin_n yien_fw-fr sio_n hai._n if_o any_o one_o compare_v the_o cycle_n of_o sixty_o year_n which_o as_o nasirodim_n say_v the_o cathaians_n use_n in_o the_o calculation_n or_o account_n of_o their_o day_n week_n and_o solary_a year_n with_o the_o chinesian_a account_n he_o shall_v find_v the_o mode_n or_o form_n of_o the_o computation_n and_o the_o name_n by_o which_o they_o call_v it_o to_o be_v whole_o the_o same_o and_o the_o like_a we_o affirm_v concern_v the_o cathaian_a year_n which_o they_o divide_v as_o also_o the_o zodiac_n into_o twenty_o four_o part_n begin_v their_o year_n from_o the_o 15_o the_o degree_n of_o aquarius_n but_o concern_v this_o see_v the_o abovementioned_a golius_n in_o the_o place_n cite_v before_o who_o allege_v uleg_n beg_v a_o persian_a astronomer_n for_o a_o witness_n from_o who_o astronomical_a table_n he_o show_v evident_o whatsoever_o have_v hitherto_o be_v deliver_v from_o the_o harmony_n or_o agreement_n of_o the_o cathaian_a calculation_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o that_o of_o the_o chinese_n and_o i_o also_o find_v in_o the_o arabian_a physician_n the_o musk_n that_o be_v find_v in_o china_n often_o call_v the_o musk_n of_o cathay_n and_o also_o that_o drink_n which_o be_v make_v of_o a_o certain_a herb_n proper_a to_o cathay_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n term_v cha_fw-mi of_o cathay_n and_o the_o mogor_n which_o be_v original_o tartar_n and_o have_v their_o descent_n from_o the_o line_n or_o stock_n of_o cingis-can_a and_o the_o other_o succeed_v potent_a emperor_n they_o i_o say_v i_o find_v to_o be_v so_o call_v from_o their_o overrun_v of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n by_o their_o historian_n the_o chinesian-mogulos_a but_o what_o he_o write_v concern_v quinsai_n a_o city_n of_o a_o wonderful_a and_o almost_o incredible_a magnitude_n be_v all_o find_v to_o be_v true_a at_o this_o day_n concern_v the_o metropolitan_a city_n hancheu_o of_o which_o father_n martinius_n the_o author_n of_o the_o excellent_a atlas_n sinicus_n thus_o discourse_v folio_n 109._o quâ—nsai_n that_o the_o european_a cosmographer_n may_v no_o long_o err_v in_o make_v enquiry_n after_o and_o ridiculous_o delineat_v of_o quinsai_n mention_v by_o marcus_n paulus_n i_o shall_v here_o give_v the_o very_a exact_a portaicture_n of_o the_o same_o the_o shadow_n of_o which_o do_v not_o appear_v unto_o the_o author_n of_o the_o archontologia_fw-la cosmica_fw-la and_o if_o the_o divine_a majesty_n be_v propitious_a unto_o my_o design_n i_o shall_v peradventure_o in_o time_n send_v over_o the_o theatre_n of_o the_o city_n of_o china_n print_v by_o the_o chinese_n themselves_o not_o know_v or_o see_v as_o i_o suppose_v hitherto_o in_o europe_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n i_o prove_v first_o by_o most_o invincible_a argument_n that_o this_o be_v the_o same_o city_n of_o quinsai_n mention_v by_o paulus_n venetus_n for_o this_o be_v that_o city_n which_o be_v distant_a the_o space_n of_o five_o day_n travel_v from_o singui_n that_o be_v sum_z chou_n which_o hold_v good_a if_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o progress_n or_o march_n of_o the_o army_n in_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n be_v otherwise_o it_o be_v scarce_o four_o day_n journey_n this_o be_v that_o city_n in_o which_o in_o his_o time_n be_v the_o court_n or_o imperial_a city_n of_o china_n which_o the_o chineses_n in_o the_o elegant_a tongue_n of_o their_o learned_a man_n term_n kingsu_n but_o in_o the_o common_a speech_n of_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n of_o man_n who_o tie_v not_o up_o themselves_o unto_o that_o exactness_n of_o phrase_n kingsai_n whence_o the_o term_n of_o quinsai_n in_o venetus_n have_v its_o original_n you_o must_v here_o note_v moreover_o that_o kingsu_n be_v a_o name_n of_o dignity_n common_a unto_o regal_a city_n and_o not_o proper_a and_o singular_a unto_o one_o alone_a for_o its_o genuine_a and_o true_a signification_n be_v regal_a although_o oftentimes_o the_o same_o city_n have_v otherwise_o a_o proper_a name_n as_o this_o city_n be_v call_v hancheu_fw-la which_o under_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o family_n of_o sunga_n be_v call_v lingan_n because_o the_o ten_o emperor_n of_o this_o family_n name_v coacungus_fw-la kin_n fly_v from_o the_o tartar_n there_o fix_v his_o court_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o time_n of_o venetus_n it_o be_v call_v kingsu_n whatever_o other_o think_v to_o the_o contrary_n this_o happen_v anno_fw-la 1135._o and_o also_o in_o the_o same_o city_n the_o family_n of_o sunga_n hold_v the_o empire_n until_o the_o western_a tartar_n under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o great_a have_fw-mi erect_v the_o kin_n tartar_n or_o those_o of_o the_o east_n out_o of_o cathay_n that_o be_v out_o of_o the_o northern_a province_n and_o so_o then_o they_o become_v vanquish_v and_o a_o little_a after_o they_o advance_v their_o victorious_a army_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mangin_n have_v begin_v a_o seizure_n of_o those_o southern_a province_n but_o to_o come_v more_o near_o to_o the_o business_n this_o be_v that_o city_n which_o have_v such_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o high_a bridge_n both_o within_o its_o wall_n and_o without_o in_o its_o suburb_n for_o there_o be_v almost_o ten_o thousand_o as_o venetus_n reckon_v they_o if_o you_o account_v the_o triumphal_a arch_n among_o the_o bridge_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o similitude_n he_o may_v esteem_v for_o such_o by_o the_o
great_a hazard_n of_o robber_n who_o have_v shun_v at_o length_n he_o come_v to_o ciarciunor_n and_o after_o ten_o day_n pass_v through_o sarpanil_n a_o desert_a place_n he_o come_v to_o the_o province_n sarcil_n over_o a_o very_a high_a mountain_n and_o that_o in_o twenty_o day_n travel_v after_o two_o day_n more_o he_o come_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n cetialath_n in_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o snow_n many_o perish_a by_o the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o cold._n have_v travel_v six_o day_n through_o the_o snow_n he_o come_v to_o tamgheran_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cascar_n and_o after_o fifteen_o day_n to_o jaconich_n and_o after_o five_o to_o hiarcham_n the_o metropolitan_a city_n of_o cascar_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o region_n of_o cabul_n the_o whole_a region_n be_v follower_n of_o the_o law_n of_o mahomet_n and_o hence_o from_o hiarcham_n be_v the_o begin_n of_o the_o expedition_n by_o caravan_n into_o cathay_n and_o the_o negotiation_n of_o those_o that_o certain_o know_v they_o shall_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o kingdom_n whole_o consist_v as_o it_o be_v in_o fragment_n of_o precious_a jaspar_n which_o be_v find_v in_o great_a plenty_n in_o cathay_n that_o be_v in_o china_n and_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o river_n cotan_n not_o far_o from_o the_o regal_a city_n by_o fisherman_n like_v unto_o thick_a flint_n the_o other_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n be_v cleave_v into_o stony_a plate_n almost_o two_o ell_n long_o this_o mountain_n cansangui_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o imperial_a city_n twenty_o day_n journey_n and_o it_o be_v call_v the_o stony_a mountain_n note_v vulgar_o in_o geographical_a map_n hence_o therefore_o benedict_n after_o long_a stay_n again_o begin_v his_o voyage_n first_o he_o arrive_v at_o jolci_n the_o place_n of_o custom_n for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o from_o hence_o in_o a_o voyage_n of_o twenty_o five_o day_n he_o pass_v over_o these_o follow_a place_n hancialix_n alceghet_n hagabathet_fw-la egriar_n mesetelec_n thalec_n horma_n thoantac_n mingieda_n capetalcol_n zilan_n sarognebetal_n cambasco_n aconsersec_n ciacor_n acsu_fw-la acsu_n be_v a_o town_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cascar_n from_o which_o he_o pass_v by_o a_o laborious_a voyage_n through_o the_o desert_n caracatai_fw-fr that_o be_v black_a cataia_n unto_o oitograch_n gazo_n casciani_n dellai_n saregabadal_n ugan_n and_o at_o last_o he_o arrive_v at_o gruciam_fw-la depart_v hence_o in_o a_o voyage_n of_o twenty_o five_o day_n he_o come_v unto_o the_o city_n of_o cialis_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o cascar_n where_o the_o saracen_n return_v in_o the_o caravan_n of_o the_o year_n before_o from_o cathay_n that_o be_v from_o pekin_n the_o royal_a city_n of_o china_n declare_v wonderful_a thing_n unto_o our_o benedict_n concern_v matthew_n riccius_fw-la and_o his_o companion_n and_o here_o our_o father_n wonder_v that_o he_o 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from_o laor_n by_o a_o much_o near_a way_n but_o as_o this_o voyage_n or_o passage_n through_o the_o thebetick_a mountain_n be_v not_o yet_o discover_v so_o that_o also_o on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o usbeck_n and_o samarcande_v at_o that_o time_n be_v more_o use_v although_o that_o to_o conform_v himself_o unto_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n he_o be_v force_v to_o attempt_v to_o pass_v by_o this_o latter_a though_o it_o be_v very_o much_o out_o of_o the_o way_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o vast_a wind_n and_o and_o turn_n and_o also_o on_o every_o hand_n subject_n to_o robber_n the_o territory_n of_o usbec_n be_v extend_v by_o a_o large_a interval_n of_o region_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o north_n be_v make_v up_o of_o three_o very_a great_a kingdom_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v samarcande_v famous_a for_o the_o birth_n of_o tamberlan_n the_o second_o tarphan_n and_o the_o three_o turphan_n all_o of_o they_o infamous_a for_o the_o religion_n of_o mahomet_n the_o inhabitant_n as_o 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many_o day_n and_o that_o also_o through_o high_a mountain_n he_o arrive_v in_o the_o cold_a northern_a region_n redor_n and_o in_o a_o city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n from_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o maranga_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tanchut_n which_o belong_v unto_o the_o tartar_n in_o two_o month_n space_n he_o easy_o arrive_v at_o cathay_n that_o be_v china_n sect_n ii_o another_o voyage_n from_o china_n to_o the_o mogor_n perform_v by_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n father_n albert_n dorville_n and_o father_n john_n gruberus_n these_o father_n begin_v their_o voyage_n from_o pequin_n anno_fw-la 1661._o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n from_o whence_o they_o arrive_v at_o siganfu_n and_o from_o hence_o after_o thirty_o day_n stay_v they_o depart_v to_o sin_v or_o siningfu_n in_o almost_o twice_o so_o many_o day_n have_v pass_v over_o the_o saffron_n river_n now_o sin_v or_o siningfu_n be_v a_o great_a and_o populous_a city_n build_v at_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n by_o or_o through_o the_o gate_n of_o which_o be_v the_o first_o entrance_n into_o cathay_n or_o china_n for_o those_o that_o trade_n thither_o from_o india_n and_o where_o also_o they_o be_v force_v to_o stay_v till_o they_o have_v a_o far_a admission_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o king_n the_o city_n be_v place_v under_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n 36_o degree_n and_o 20_o minute_n from_o sin_v in_o three_o month_n space_n pass_v through_o the_o desert_n of_o kalmack_n in_o tartary_n they_o come_v unto_o the_o very_a entrance_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lassa_n which_o the_o tartar_n also_o call_v barantola_n the_o desert_n be_v partly_o moutainous_a partly_o level_a and_o overspread_v with_o sand_n and_o dust_n altogether_o sterile_a and_o barren_a unto_o which_o notwithstanding_o nature_n be_v here_o and_o there_o in_o some_o place_n propitious_a by_o afford_v some_o small_a rivulet_n who_o bank_n yield_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o green_a herb_n and_o grass_n but_o as_o this_o desert_n derive_v its_o original_n from_o the_o innermost_a mediterranean_a part_n of_o india_n so_o be_v it_o also_o extend_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n and_o no_o person_n have_v yet_o unto_o this_o day_n be_v find_v who_o have_v discover_v its_o bound_n many_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v extend_v even_o unto_o the_o freeze_a sea_n concern_v which_o i_o have_v treat_v at_o large_a in_o my_o book_n of_o the_o subterranean_a world_n now_o it_o have_v various_a name_n marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n call_v it_o lop_n infamous_a for_o diabolical_a delusion_n and_o a_o multitude_n of_o spectres_n or_o evil_a spirit_n that_o usual_o appear_v in_o it_o concern_v which_o notwithstanding_o our_o father_n relate_v nothing_o for_o the_o once_o or_o twice_o appear_v of_o these_o spirit_n do_v not_o prove_v the_o perpetual_a continuance_n of_o their_o
from_o the_o weight_n or_o encumbrance_n of_o all_o extraneous_a concernment_n live_v in_o quiet_a and_o repose_v within_o the_o private_a apartment_n or_o withdrawing_n of_o his_o palace_n lama_n be_v adore_v like_o a_o deity_n and_o that_o not_o only_o by_o the_o native_n but_o of_o all_o the_o king_n that_o be_v subject_a unto_o the_o empire_n of_o tartary_n who_o undertake_v voluntary_a journey_n or_o pilgrimage_n unto_o he_o they_o adore_v he_o as_o the_o true_a and_o living_n god_n and_o call_v he_o the_o eternal_a and_o heavenly_a father_n offer_v a_o multitude_n of_o present_n and_o oblation_n to_o he_o he_o sit_v in_o a_o obscure_a chamber_n or_o room_n of_o his_o palace_n adorn_v with_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o render_v resplendent_a by_o the_o multiplicite_a lustre_n of_o flame_a lamp_n in_o a_o lofty_a place_n upon_o a_o couch_n which_o be_v cover_v with_o costly_a tapestry_n unto_o who_o stranger_n at_o their_o approach_n fall_v prostrate_a with_o their_o head_n to_o the_o ground_n and_o kiss_v he_o with_o incredible_a veneration_n which_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o which_o be_v perform_v unto_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n so_o that_o hence_o the_o fraud_n and_o deceit_n of_o the_o devil_n may_v easy_o and_o plain_o appear_v who_o by_o his_o innate_a malignity_n and_o hatred_n in_o way_n of_o abuse_n have_v transfer_v as_o he_o have_v do_v all_o the_o other_o mystery_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n the_o veneration_n which_o be_v due_a unto_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n the_o only_a vicar_n of_o christ_n on_o earth_n unto_o the_o superstitious_a worship_n of_o barbarous_a people_n the_o castle_n wherein_o the_o great_a lama_n inhabit_v be_v situate_a at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o city_n barantola_n and_o be_v call_v by_o they_o bietala_n a_o draught_n whereof_o be_v express_v in_o the_o sixteen_o figure_n xvii_o and_o xviii_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o necbal_n xix_o a_o northern_a tarstar_n this_o great_a lama_n be_v of_o so_o great_a authority_n throughout_o all_o tartary_n that_o there_o 〈◊〉_d no_o king_n crown_v in_o any_o place_n who_o do_v not_o first_o send_v his_o ambassador_n with_o inestimable_a present_n to_o crave_v his_o benediction_n as_o a_o happy_a omen_n of_o his_o entrance_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n see_v what_o i_o have_v say_v at_o large_a in_o the_o precede_a discourse_n concern_v the_o honour_n confer_v on_o he_o by_o the_o imperial_a monarch_n of_o tartary_n and_o china_n where_o also_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o this_o whole_a superstitious_a worship_n of_o the_o great_a lama_n take_v its_o original_n from_o that_o famous_a presbyte_v john_n who_o have_v his_o residence_n in_o this_o kingdom_n of_o tanchut_n but_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v for_o the_o great_a lama_n they_o see_v also_o strange_a habit_v woman_n at_o barantola_n which_o come_v thither_o out_o of_o the_o adjacent_a kingdom_n of_o coin_n the_o noble_a woman_n braid_v or_o curl_v all_o theiâ—_n hair_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o hairlace_n or_o small_a band_n and_o wreath_n it_o behind_o they_o on_o their_o forehead_n they_o wear_v a_o red_a fillet_n beset_v with_o pearl_n on_o the_o top_n of_o their_o head_n they_o bear_v a_o silver_n crown_n interlace_v with_o turchoise_n and_o coral_n have_v leave_v the_o kingdom_n of_o lassa_n or_o barantola_n in_o a_o month_n voyage_n they_o come_v over_o the_o most_o high_a mountain_n langur_n langur_n which_o we_o have_v describe_v a_o little_a before_o unto_o the_o kingdom_n of_o necbal_n where_o they_o find_v nothing_o want_v 〈◊〉_d to_o humane_a sustenance_n nor_o can_v any_o good_a be_v wish_v they_o which_o they_o do_v not_o enjoy_v except_o the_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n for_o they_o be_v all_o involve_a in_o 〈◊〉_d thick_a cloud_n of_o heathenish_a blindness_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n 〈◊〉_d cuthi_n and_o nesti_n it_o be_v a_o custom_n in_o this_o country_n that_o if_o you_o drink_v to_o a_o woman_n the_o other_o man_n or_o woman_n that_o be_v in_o the_o company_n pour_v in_o the_o liquor_n cha_fw-mi or_o 〈◊〉_d wine_n three_o time_n for_o they_o and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o drink_v affix_v three_o piece_n 〈◊〉_d butter_n to_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o pot_n or_o cup_n those_o that_o pledge_n or_o drink_v after_o they_o take_v they_o off_o again_o and_o stick_v they_o upon_o their_o forehead_n the_o king_n of_o necbal_n show_v himself_o extraordinary_a courteous_a to_o our_o father_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o present_a they_o bestow_v on_o he_o which_o be_v a_o perspective-glass_n and_o other_o very_a curious_a mathematical_a instrument_n with_o which_o he_o be_v so_o take_v that_o he_o whole_o determine_v with_o himself_o not_o to_o let_v they_o go_v which_o he_o have_v not_o do_v but_o that_o they_o make_v he_o a_o faithful_a promise_n to_o return_v thither_o again_o which_o if_o they_o perform_v he_o promise_v to_o erect_v a_o house_n for_o their_o use_n and_o exercise_n endow_v with_o most_o ample_a revenue_n and_o also_o to_o grant_v they_o a_o plenary_a power_n to_o introduce_v the_o christian_a law_n into_o his_o kingdom_n depart_v from_o necbal_n they_o come_v to_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o maranga_n which_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o thebet_n who_o metropolis_n be_v radoc_n the_o utmost_a bind_v of_o the_o voyage_n former_o undertake_v by_o father_n andradas_n where_o they_o find_v many_o mark_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o time_n pass_v there_o plant_v from_o the_o name_n of_o dominick_n francis_n and_o anthony_n by_o which_o the_o man_n be_v call_v from_o hence_o they_o arrive_v at_o that_o first_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o mogor_n so_o well_o know_v unto_o the_o world_n by_o the_o name_n of_o hedonda_n and_o thence_o they_o come_v to_o battana_n a_o city_n of_o bengala_n situate_v on_o ganges_n thence_o to_o benares_n a_o city_n famous_a for_o a_o academy_n of_o the_o brahmin_n and_o at_o last_o to_o agra_n the_o imperial_a city_n of_o the_o mogor_n where_o father_n albert_n dorville_n break_v with_o the_o labour_n of_o his_o travel_n and_o full_a or_o replenish_v with_o merit_n leave_v this_o terrestrial_a country_n depart_v as_o we_o pious_o believe_v unto_o the_o heavenly_a mansion_n in_o a_o middle_a way_n between_o europe_n and_o china_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o voyage_n attempt_v by_o father_n amatus_fw-la chesaud_n a_o frenchman_n superior_a of_o the_o residency_n of_o isphahan_n for_o the_o discovery_n of_o a_o easy_a and_o ready_a passage_n into_o china_n extract_v out_o of_o his_o letter_n write_v in_o the_o persian_a language_n and_o direct_v unto_o father_n athanasius_n kircher_n the_o letter_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n i_o write_v not_o this_o letter_n from_o hispahan_n chesaud_n but_o in_o the_o way_n be_v return_v from_o the_o city_n hairat_fw-la sfahanum_n from_o which_o city_n it_o be_v almost_o a_o year_n since_o i_o depart_v towards_o baich_n which_o be_v the_o regal_a city_n of_o usbeck_n that_o i_o may_v discover_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o possible_a way_n of_o pass_v through_o the_o foresay_a usbeck_n and_o turkestan_n into_o cathay_n and_o hence_o into_o china_n but_o indeed_o as_o i_o come_v hither_o with_o the_o ambassador_n of_o usbeck_n unto_o the_o bound_n of_o kezalbax_n i_o find_v that_o way_n both_o difficult_a and_o dangerous_a therefore_o i_o continue_v for_o some_o month_n at_o hairat_n which_o city_n be_v former_o call_v sciandria_n and_o there_o i_o narrow_o view_v the_o place_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v bachtra_n where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a university_n or_o academy_n build_v by_o the_o son_n of_o the_o famous_a tamerlang_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v destroy_v by_o degree_n and_o run_v to_o ruin_n for_o want_v of_o repair_n as_o also_o many_o other_o edifice_n which_o be_v former_o there_o build_v about_o the_o same_o time_n in_o which_o that_o city_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o usbequi_fw-la from_o this_o place_n at_o length_n i_o come_v to_o the_o city_n maxahad_n which_o other_o call_v sancta_fw-la where_o there_o be_v a_o fair_a mesquit_n adorn_v with_o gold_n in_o this_o place_n i_o continue_v two_o month_n and_o here_o dispute_v with_o the_o learned_a of_o who_o there_o be_v many_o about_o the_o law_n and_o i_o find_v that_o albeit_o they_o open_o and_o abroad_o praise_v their_o own_o sect_n yet_o they_o hold_v that_o other_o of_o a_o contrary_a persuasion_n ought_v to_o observe_v the_o king_n law_n their_o time_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o come_v i_o depart_v from_o this_o place_n and_o come_v to_o nixapor_n and_o sabazuar_n which_o belong_v unto_o chorasan_n from_o whence_o i_o pass_v through_o the_o city_n setam_fw-la damgan_n and_o jamnam_fw-la and_o at_o last_o arrive_v at_o kaxanum_fw-la in_o the_o province_n of_o aracand_n which_o be_v thirty_o farsang_n distant_a from_o sfahanum_n this_o tract_n of_o land_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n barren_a
will_v not_o undertake_v any_o business_n contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o religious_a order_n i_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o bind_v he_o with_o a_o absolute_a command_n to_o undertake_v this_o function_n and_o to_o add_v the_o dignity_n of_o the_o second_o order_n unto_o the_o title_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o celestial_a secret_n in_o which_o office_n he_o have_v be_v employ_v for_o some_o year_n have_v daily_o increase_v his_o diligence_n and_o study_n and_o because_o he_o have_v a_o temple_n or_o church_n near_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n name_v xun_v i_o muen_v in_o which_o according_a to_o the_o rite_n of_o his_o law_n or_o religion_n he_o offer_v sacrifice_n unto_o god_n i_o therefore_o contribute_v some_o assistance_n unto_o he_o for_o the_o building_n and_o adorn_v of_o it_o and_o when_o i_o enter_v that_o temple_n i_o discern_v the_o image_n and_o utensil_n of_o it_o to_o have_v the_o shape_n of_o strange_a thing_n and_o when_o i_o have_v ask_v he_o what_o the_o book_n of_o his_o religion_n which_o i_o find_v on_o the_o table_n contain_v he_o answer_v that_o they_o contain_v the_o explication_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n indeed_o although_o i_o have_v first_o apply_v my_o study_n to_o the_o doctrine_n or_o religion_n yao_n xun_fw-fr cheu_n and_o learn_v some_o thing_n out_o of_o their_o book_n come_v cuckoe_n and_o albeit_o i_o have_v read_v somewhat_o in_o the_o book_n foe_n and_o tau_n yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o can_v remember_v nothing_o contain_v in_o they_o and_o see_v i_o can_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o my_o kingdom_n hitherto_o peruse_v the_o book_n of_o this_o divine_a law_n but_o only_o cursory_o therefore_o i_o can_v pass_v a_o exact_a judgement_n out_o of_o they_o concern_v the_o law_n but_o if_o you_o reflect_v upon_o or_o consider_v father_n john_n adam_n who_o for_o many_o year_n have_v be_v conversant_a with_o the_o chinese_n and_o with_o we_o follow_v this_o law_n and_o preach_v the_o same_o than_o i_o judge_v and_o esteem_v it_o the_o best_a for_o john_n adam_n do_v so_o reverence_v his_o god_n that_o he_o have_v dedicate_v this_o temple_n unto_o he_o with_o so_o great_a modesty_n and_o integrity_n for_o so_o many_o year_n always_o conform_v himself_o in_o the_o same_o method_n of_o this_o law_n and_o not_o in_o the_o least_o point_n vary_v from_o it_o this_o indeed_o be_v a_o evident_a sign_n that_o the_o law_n be_v most_o perfect_a in_o which_o john_n adam_n show_v himself_o of_o most_o approve_a virtue_n and_o fulfil_v that_o exact_o by_o his_o fidelity_n which_o that_o law_n teach_v or_o command_v viz._n to_o serve_v god_n to_o obey_v king_n and_o magistrate_n to_o do_v no_o wrong_n to_o any_o person_n and_o to_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o good_a and_o welfare_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o our_o neighbour_n and_o will_v to_o god_n that_o all_o my_o magistrate_n officer_n and_o subject_n will_v imitate_v this_o his_o method_n in_o serve_v of_o god_n and_o keep_v of_o this_o his_o divine_a law_n and_o at_o a_o long_a distance_n will_v but_o shadow_v this_o in_o the_o homage_n they_o owe_v unto_o their_o emperor_n without_o doubt_v it_o will_v fall_v out_o better_o and_o far_o more_o happy_o with_o i_o and_o my_o whole_a empire_n as_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o praise_v and_o great_o approve_v of_o this_o his_o belief_n and_o law_n which_o he_o follow_v and_o therefore_o in_o a_o perpetual_a commemoration_n i_o affix_v this_o title_n to_o his_o church_n tum_o hiven_fw-mi hia_fw-mi kim_n that_o be_v the_o excellent_a place_n for_o ascend_v to_o heaven_n give_v at_o peking_n the_o seven_o year_n of_o our_o empire_n this_o patent_n write_v in_o the_o chinesian_n and_o tartar_a language_n and_o character_n on_o a_o black_a table_n by_o a_o polite_a and_o elegant_a hand_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o our_o study_n or_o gallery_n and_o the_o tartar_a character_n do_v indeed_o resemble_v the_o form_n of_o the_o syriack_n whole_o different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o chinese_n now_o on_o what_o occasion_n the_o tartar_n grant_v this_o privilege_n be_v relate_v before_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v manifest_o apparent_a what_o affection_n so_o great_a a_o monarch_n have_v for_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o how_o much_o he_o endeavour_v the_o promotion_n and_o promulgation_n thereof_o even_o to_o the_o embrace_v of_o it_o himself_o confess_v the_o only_a obstacle_n of_o his_o conversion_n be_v polygamy_n which_o doctrine_n be_v so_o dissonant_n to_o the_o custom_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o heathen_a prince_n make_v they_o boggle_v at_o first_o and_o then_o fly_v from_o that_o true_a faith_n they_o be_v ready_a to_o receive_v to_o the_o perdition_n of_o their_o soul_n but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o purpose_n from_o this_o most_o ardent_a propensity_n of_o the_o emperor_n unto_o our_o religion_n religion_n immediate_o there_o succeed_v a_o great_a conversion_n of_o the_o lady_n of_o honour_n the_o eunuch_n and_o mandorin_n the_o christian_a law_n be_v spread_v abroad_o in_o the_o city_n of_o peking_n there_o be_v gather_v into_o the_o bosom_n of_o the_o church_n almost_o eighty_o thousand_o convert_v but_o all_o this_o flourish_a and_o bloom_a spring_n be_v blast_v in_o the_o bud_n by_o the_o sudden_a death_n of_o the_o emperor_n he_o not_o obtain_v that_o eternal_a salvation_n which_o he_o so_o much_o desire_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o other_o and_o although_o oftentimes_o he_o request_v the_o ghostly_a assistance_n of_o father_n adam_n yet_o by_o the_o craft_n and_o subtlety_n of_o the_o lamas_n and_o bonzii_n who_o stand_v before_o the_o emperor_n in_o the_o last_o conflict_n of_o life_n and_o death_n it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o all_o address_n to_o he_o be_v obstruct_v till_o it_o be_v too_o late_o for_o be_v frustrate_a of_o his_o hope_n who_o he_o think_v alive_a he_o to_o his_o incredible_a sorrow_n find_v dead_a now_o when_o his_o funeral_n rite_n be_v perform_v a_o pile_n be_v make_v of_o precious_a wood_n the_o treasure_n of_o so_o wealthy_a a_o prince_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o flame_n with_o the_o dead_a corpse_n which_o put_v a_o end_n to_o his_o imperial_a magnificence_n and_o grandeur_n the_o son_n of_o this_o decease_a emperor_n be_v a_o youth_n of_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n succeed_v he_o in_o the_o government_n who_o as_o he_o be_v under_o the_o discipline_n and_o tuition_n of_o father_n adam_n be_v whole_o commit_v unto_o his_o care_n by_o the_o emperor_n so_o he_o deve_v not_o himself_o of_o that_o innate_a affection_n which_o he_o have_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o our_o religious_a father_n now_o how_o much_o the_o christian_n concern_v be_v augment_v under_o these_o emperor_n in_o respect_n of_o former_a time_n be_v evident_o show_v by_o the_o inscription_n of_o the_o new_a erect_v and_o consecrate_a church_n at_o peking_n which_o as_o be_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v in_o stead_n of_o a_o conclusion_n the_o inscription_n of_o the_o church_n of_o peking_n belong_v to_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n after_o the_o faith_n introduce_v by_o st._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n jesus_n and_o after_o the_o same_o be_v again_o and_o that_o more_o large_o propagate_v by_o the_o syrian_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n tamburlaine_n the_o same_o be_v again_o the_o three_o time_n divulge_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o regency_n of_o the_o emperor_n mim_n by_o the_o conduct_n of_o st._n francis_n xavier_n and_o father_n matthew_n riccius_fw-la of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n both_o by_o preach_v and_o book_n publish_v in_o the_o chinesian_a tongue_n perform_v with_o great_a study_n and_o labour_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o inconstancy_n of_o the_o nation_n not_o altogether_o with_o equal_a success_n the_o empire_n be_v now_o devolve_v unto_o the_o tartar_n the_o same_o society_n for_o a_o conclusion_n of_o their_o labour_n in_o restore_v the_o calendar_n call_v the_o xi_o of_o hien_n lie_v have_v public_o place_v and_o dedicate_v this_o temple_n to_o the_o most_o high_a god_n at_o peking_n the_o royal_a city_n and_o palace_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n anno_fw-la 1650._o and_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o xun_n chi._n father_n john_n adam_n schall_n of_o zell_n a_o german_a professor_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n and_o author_n of_o the_o forementioned_a calendar_n out_o of_o the_o labour_n of_o his_o hand_n bequeathe_v this_o temple_n and_o his_o patience_n unto_o posterity_n p._n matthaeus_n riccius_n macerat_fw-la of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n the_o first_o propagator_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o the_o kingdo_n of_o cluna_n lie_v paulus_n great_a colaus_n of_o the_o chinese_n propagator_n of_o y_fw-fr christian_n lâ—w._n p._n adam_n schaliger_n a_o german_a mandarin_n of_o y_z first_o order_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o correction_n of_o the_o chinese_n
certain_a mode_n of_o a_o trinity_n in_o which_o they_o feign_v three_o god_n at_o length_n to_o counite_a into_o one_o deity_n of_o this_o also_o the_o spanish_a epistle_n make_v mention_n in_o these_o word_n they_o have_v notice_n of_o the_o gospel_n because_o in_o the_o province_n of_o peking_n among_o other_o idol_n there_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o man_n which_o have_v three_o head_n and_o they_o look_v one_o towards_o the_o other_o and_o the_o chineses_n say_v that_o it_o signify_v that_o all_o three_o of_o they_o have_v but_o one_o will_n and_o desire_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o say_v there_o be_v another_o image_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o woman_n with_o a_o child_n in_o her_o arms._n father_n martin_n martinius_n report_v that_o he_o have_v see_v in_o many_o image_n the_o print_n or_o footstep_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n and_o he_o also_o assert_v that_o he_o behold_v ancient_a cross_n and_o the_o image_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n embrace_v her_o son_n which_o be_v now_o to_o be_v see_v in_o our_o church_n now_o we_o may_v pious_o suppose_v these_o to_o be_v the_o relic_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n or_o of_o some_o late_a propagator_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o idol_n have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o persian_n mede_n and_o the_o indian_a philosopher_n heir_n of_o the_o egyptian_n among_o who_o it_o be_v a_o peculiar_a property_n to_o make_v many_o statue_n to_o signify_v the_o effect_n of_o one_o thing_n they_o continual_o shave_v their_o head_n that_o give_v themselves_o up_o unto_o contemplation_n on_o mountain_n and_o in_o cave_n their_o temple_n be_v so_o full_a of_o idol_n make_v of_o brass_n marble_n wood_n and_o clay_n that_o you_o will_v take_v they_o of_o egyptian_a chapel_n the_o three_o opinion_n of_o the_o profane_a religion_n call_v lanzu_n sect._n answer_v to_o the_o plebeians_z and_o egyptian_z magician_n and_o have_v its_o original_n from_o a_o certain_a philosopher_n who_o flourish_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o confutius_n they_o feign_v that_o his_o mother_n bear_v he_o eighty_o year_n in_o her_o womb_n wherefore_o he_o be_v call_v lanzu_n that_o be_v the_o old_a philosopher_n this_o opinion_n promise_v paradise_n unto_o those_o that_o be_v make_v up_o of_o soul_n and_o body_n and_o they_o hang_v up_o in_o their_o temple_n the_o effigy_n of_o certain_a person_n who_o they_o fable_n to_o have_v soar_v up_o unto_o the_o heaven_n they_o prescribe_v method_n of_o exercise_n to_o attain_v the_o same_o which_o consist_v in_o uâ—rious_a rite_n and_o certain_a prayer_n also_o in_o potion_n by_o which_o and_o with_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o god_n they_o promise_v a_o long_a life_n it_o be_v the_o peculiar_a office_n of_o the_o priest_n of_o this_o sect_n by_o impious_a prayer_n to_o exorcise_v devil_n out_o of_o house_n which_o they_o attempt_v by_o affix_v on_o the_o wall_n the_o horrid_a shape_n of_o daemon_n delineate_v with_o black_a on_o yellow_a paper_n then_o they_o fill_v the_o house_n with_o such_o strange_a cry_n that_o themselves_o seem_v to_o be_v fury_n they_o also_o promise_v to_o fetch_v down_o shower_n in_o a_o drought_n to_o stop_v great_a rain_n and_o to_o avert_v private_a or_o public_a misfortune_n and_o these_o be_v the_o three_o chief_a head_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o these_o idolater_n but_o the_o subtlety_n of_o these_o master_n have_v wrought_v they_o into_o so_o many_o meander_n that_o they_o seem_v scarce_o to_o be_v number_v and_o the_o incredible_a number_n of_o image_n sufficient_o show_v the_o same_o which_o they_o do_v not_o only_o expose_v often_o to_o be_v adore_v in_o their_o temple_n but_o also_o in_o each_o private_a dwelling_n a_o place_n be_v depute_v for_o they_o and_o in_o the_o market_n the_o street_n their_o ship_n and_o palace_n they_o be_v first_o obvious_a to_o the_o sight_n wherein_o they_o imitate_v the_o egyptian_n who_o be_v infamous_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o idol_n but_o to_o clear_v this_o first_o as_o the_o egyptian_n and_o grecian_n believe_v certain_a deity_n to_o preside_v over_o the_o universe_n so_o unto_o these_o do_v the_o chineses_n build_v mystical_a temple_n these_o they_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o egyptian_n pacify_v and_o attract_v with_o various_a rite_n and_o ceremony_n the_o second_o argument_n that_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o chineses_n be_v borrow_a or_o derive_v from_o the_o egyptian_n be_v so_o manifest_a that_o no_o person_n can_v in_o the_o least_o doubt_n or_o question_v the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v this_o that_o unto_o this_o very_a day_n there_o be_v find_v temple_n dedicate_v unto_o mars_n venus_n fortune_n peace_n the_o oreades_n or_o nymph_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o other_o god_n common_a both_o to_o the_o grecian_n and_o egyptian_n as_o the_o ichnography_n of_o the_o metropolitan_a city_n of_o nank_v in_o china_n no_o less_o elegant_o than_o exact_o imprint_v on_o chinesian_a silk_n by_o our_o father_n and_o send_v from_o china_n to_o rome_n some_o year_n since_o will_v sufficient_o prove_v which_o i_o have_v here_o adjoin_v as_o i_o copy_v it_o with_o great_a fidelity_n to_o demonstrate_v the_o great_a affinity_n that_o there_o be_v between_o the_o chinesian_n grecian_a and_o egyptian_a religion_n the_o temple_n of_o the_o chinesian_n go_n the_o temple_n of_o the_o dragon_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o typhon_n the_o temple_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o heaven_n dedicate_v to_o the_o moon_n the_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o heaven_n the_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o daemon_n and_o spirit_n the_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o mountain_n and_o river_n that_o be_v to_o the_o oreades_n and_o nereiades_n the_o temple_n of_o a_o grateful_a mind_n the_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o the_o planet_n mars_n the_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o wall_n the_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o good_a peace_n the_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o the_o spirit_n of_o medicine_n aesculapius_n or_o apollo_n the_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o wood_n or_o diana_n the_o altar_n of_o heaven_n the_o altar_n of_o the_o earth_n ceres_n the_o altar_n of_o the_o god_n of_o rain_n the_o altar_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bird_n these_o be_v so_o agreeable_a to_o the_o grecian_a and_o egyptian_a deity_n that_o all_o their_o idolatry_n seem_v to_o have_v make_v a_o voyage_n thence_o into_o china_n the_o three_o argument_n be_v that_o beside_o their_o letter_n in_o which_o they_o come_v very_o near_o the_o hieroglyphic_n of_o the_o egyptian_n as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o my_o oedipus_n they_o have_v the_o same_o ceremony_n it_o be_v receive_v for_o truth_n on_o all_o hand_n that_o the_o egyptian_n always_o adore_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o pyramid_n with_o a_o certain_a divine_a honour_n the_o tract_n of_o which_o sort_n of_o worship_n continue_v in_o china_n for_o they_o have_v also_o pyramid_n which_o they_o call_v chinees_n and_o hold_v they_o in_o so_o great_a veneration_n that_o no_o person_n dare_v undertake_v any_o thing_n till_o such_o time_n as_o he_o have_v perform_v his_o devotion_n there_o i_o shall_v allege_v petrus_n jarricus_fw-la as_o a_o witness_n of_o this_o matter_n who_o in_o the_o five_o book_n of_o his_o indian_a history_n publish_v in_o french_a chap._n 51._o speak_v of_o they_o have_v these_o word_n follow_v beside_o these_o wooden_a idol_n there_o be_v other_o which_o they_o call_v chinees_n make_v for_o workmanship_n in_o the_o fashion_n of_o pyramid_n within_o which_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o white_a ant_n or_o emmet_n which_o discover_v not_o themselves_o without_o but_o have_v their_o little_a cabin_n or_o lodge_n within_o so_o that_o none_o know_v from_o whence_o they_o receive_v their_o nourishment_n the_o idolater_n stand_v much_o in_o fear_n of_o these_o chinees_n insomuch_o that_o when_o they_o buy_v a_o slave_n they_o first_o bring_v he_o before_o some_o one_o of_o these_o 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quantung_n call_v by_o the_o chinese_n teng_n by_o the_o portuguese_n the_o wheel_n you_o will_v believe_v it_o to_o be_v a_o rope_n wreathe_v by_o nature_n of_o a_o very_a great_a length_n creep_v along_o through_o the_o mountainous_a earth_n it_o be_v full_a of_o prickle_n and_o with_o oblong_a leave_n and_o often_o spread_v for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o furlong_n there_o be_v such_o plenty_n of_o it_o in_o the_o mountain_n that_o the_o long_a branch_n be_v entangle_v within_o one_o another_o make_v the_o way_n unpassable_a for_o the_o deer_n they_o make_v of_o it_o cable_n and_o tackle_n for_o ship_n and_o be_v wrought_v in_o fine_a thread_n it_o serve_v to_o make_v bee-hive_n cratche_n chair_n pillow_n bed_n and_o mattress_n for_o no_o vermin_n will_v harbour_v in_o it_o in_o the_o summer_n it_o great_o refresh_v person_n weary_v with_o heat_n there_o be_v such_o plenty_n of_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o this_o aqualin_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o couchinchina_n call_v moi_fw-fr and_o 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by_o who_o diligence_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n all_o the_o proclamation_n and_o imperial_a edict_n be_v carry_v unto_o the_o governor_n with_o much_o speed_n at_o each_o eight_o boundary_a that_o be_v one_o day_n journey_n be_v erect_v public_a house_n which_o they_o call_v cunquon_n and_o yeli_n unto_o which_o the_o magistrate_n direct_v those_o that_o travel_v upon_o public_a concern_v have_v first_o acquaint_v those_o to_o who_o charge_n the_o keep_n of_o these_o house_n be_v commit_v with_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n and_o the_o time_n when_o they_o will_v arrive_v that_o so_o they_o may_v provide_v according_o for_o their_o entertainment_n and_o reception_n the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n be_v as_o commodious_a as_o the_o imperial_a way_n no_o tree_n oâ—_n other_o impediment_n be_v leave_v within_o five_o cubit_n distance_n of_o the_o water_n by_o which_o the_o tow_n of_o their_o ship_n and_o boat_n shall_v be_v retard_v in_o many_o place_n they_o have_v make_v wharf_n of_o square_a stone_n and_o place_v where_o necessity_n require_v stone_n bridges_n of_o divers_a arch_n so_o that_o by_o the_o magnificency_n of_o these_o work_v they_o at_o least_o equalise_v the_o ancient_a greek_n and_o roman_n if_o not_o excel_v they_o so_o great_a be_v the_o zeal_n and_o study_n of_o all_o person_n to_o advance_v the_o public_a interest_n i_o shall_v here_o say_v nothing_o concern_v the_o magnificence_n splendour_n and_o almost_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o their_o ship_n which_o be_v find_v in_o every_o river_n throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n and_o in_o so_o great_a a_o number_n that_o as_o the_o father_n write_v any_o one_o may_v well_o doubt_v whether_o more_o person_n live_v in_o their_o ship_n especial_o in_o the_o kingdom_n nigh_o unto_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o the_o city_n but_o concern_v these_o see_v trigautius_n samedus_n atlas_n marinus_n and_o other_o as_o for_o the_o building_n within_o the_o wall_n those_o of_o private_a person_n be_v not_o stately_a they_o have_v more_o regard_n to_o their_o convenience_n than_o splendour_n or_o ornament_n for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v but_o one_o story_n abhor_v the_o trouble_n of_o go_v up_o stair_n but_o what_o they_o want_v in_o height_n they_o recompense_n in_o length_n and_o breadth_n which_o make_v it_o no_o wonder_n to_o find_v city_n in_o china_n of_o a_o vast_a extent_n the_o six_o story_n of_o the_o roman_a college_n place_v in_o length_n will_v extend_v fifty_o pace_n more_o than_o half_a a_o italian_a mile_n which_o with_o the_o garden_n school_n and_o court_n will_v make_v a_o city_n nor_o do_v the_o splendour_n or_o beauty_n of_o the_o city_n of_o china_n come_v near_o those_o of_o europe_n for_o they_o admit_v of_o no_o window_n next_o the_o street_n but_o all_o inward_o like_o the_o religious_a house_n of_o nun_n among_o we_o the_o house_n of_o wealthy_a person_n be_v splendid_a and_o costly_a but_o those_o of_o the_o magistrate_n or_o mandorin_n exceed_v the_o rest_n and_o may_v true_o be_v call_v palace_n in_o each_o metropolis_n there_o be_v fifteen_o or_o twenty_o and_o oftentimes_o more_o in_o the_o other_o city_n for_o the_o most_o part_n eight_o in_o the_o lesser_a four_o they_o be_v all_o build_v alike_o only_o some_o be_v big_a than_o other_o according_a to_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o perfect_a or_o magistrate_n and_o all_o erect_v at_o the_o emperor_n cost_n for_o his_o officer_n either_o civil_a or_o military_a neither_o do_v the_o emperor_n only_o allow_v they_o palace_n and_o ship_n but_o also_o furniture_n provision_n and_o servant_n the_o great_a palace_n have_v four_o or_o five_o court_n with_o as_o many_o house_n on_o the_o front_n of_o the_o several_a court_n in_o the_o frontispiece_n of_o each_o be_v three_o gate_n that_o in_o the_o middle_a the_o big_a both_o side_n of_o the_o gate_n be_v arm_v with_o lion_n cut_v in_o
come_v aboard_o in_o great_a state_n to_o bid_v we_o welcome_n upon_o this_o their_o friendly_a reception_n and_o entertainment_n we_o go_v ashore_o where_o on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o city_n we_o see_v five_o old_a triumphal_a arch_n through_o which_o we_o pass_v the_o city_n be_v both_o handsome_o build_v and_o well_o people_v be_v also_o environ_v with_o a_o old_a high_a wall_n the_o governor_n lady_n send_v a_o soldier_n to_o i_o and_o some_o other_o of_o our_o follower_n desire_v we_o to_o come_v to_o she_o we_o be_v conduct_v into_o a_o very_a large_a parlour_n where_o she_o like_o a_o goddess_n be_v expect_v our_o come_n attend_v by_o several_a tartar_n lady_n in_o very_o rich_a habit_n but_o she_o exceed_v they_o all_o for_o beauty_n and_o gallantry_n on_o her_o left_a hand_n stand_v a_o stately_a alchove_n upon_o which_o she_o cause_v i_o to_o sit_v down_o and_o acquaint_v she_o with_o the_o character_n of_o holland_n concern_v which_o she_o ask_v i_o several_a question_n to_o all_o which_o i_o return_v my_o answer_n with_o much_o freedom_n wherewith_o she_o seem_v very_o well_o please_v the_o same_o day_n we_o depart_v from_o sanglo_n and_o come_v in_o the_o evening_n to_o the_o village_n of_o tonnau_n situate_v over_o against_o a_o strong_a castle_n guard_v by_o a_o great_a garrison_n of_o tartar_n the_o house_n of_o this_o place_n be_v build_v of_o mud_n and_o dirt_n fit_a for_o dog-kennel_n than_o for_o people_n to_o inhabit_v in_o yet_o fit_a enough_o for_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o be_v of_o a_o sordid_a nature_n and_o very_o loose_a and_o uncivil_a deserve_v no_o better_o they_o live_v by_o pilfer_v and_o steal_v from_o one_o another_o and_o none_o escape_v plunder_v that_o pass_v that_o way_n without_o a_o guard_n to_o defend_v themselves_o from_o their_o violence_n upon_o the_o three_o of_o july_n we_o come_v to_o the_o small_a city_n of_o sinkicien_n which_o for_o brevity_n some_o call_v ce_v the_o seven_o small_a city_n under_o the_o chief_a city_n hokien_n lie_v also_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n guei_n in_o a_o flat_a and_o pleasant_a soil_n and_o about_o ten_o mile_n from_o sanglo_n this_o place_n be_v not_o very_o large_a yet_o full_a of_o people_n and_o trade_n as_o most_o of_o the_o city_n be_v which_o lie_n upon_o this_o river_n several_a famous_a edifice_n which_o be_v yet_o stand_v in_o and_o about_o this_o city_n clear_o evidence_n that_o this_o be_v former_o a_o most_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a place_n the_o country_n round_o about_o lie_v low_a and_o flat_a but_o very_o fruitful_a it_o abound_v with_o store_n of_o tame_a cattle_n and_o fish_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o several_a river_n which_o run_v through_o it_o there_o be_v very_o few_o hill_n in_o all_o this_o country_n of_o hokien_n to_o which_o this_o ce_n be_v subject_a only_o there_o be_v one_o not_o far_o from_o this_o place_n though_o the_o city_n itself_o lie_v upon_o a_o flat_a worthy_a the_o observation_n call_v by_o the_o chinese_n si._n the_o top_n of_o this_o hill_n be_v a_o delightful_a plain_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fruitfulness_n they_o high_o esteem_v extend_v itself_o to_o a_o very_a great_a length_n upon_o which_o lie_v a_o small_a village_n inhabit_v only_o by_o cow-herd_n and_o husbandman_n the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o four_o of_o july_n we_o sail_v by_o the_o small_a city_n of_o sinkocien_n the_o eight_o small_a city_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o same_o chief_a city_n and_o situate_v about_o eight_o mile_n from_o sinkicien_n this_o be_v a_o small_a place_n but_o very_o strong_a have_v several_a watch-tower_n and_o bulwark_n for_o its_o defence_n it_o be_v not_o populous_a nor_o have_v any_o great_a trade_n though_o adorn_v with_o some_o brave_a building_n but_o most_o of_o the_o house_n belong_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v very_o mean_a and_o little_a within_o the_o wall_n be_v several_a temple_n which_o be_v a_o exceed_a ornament_n to_o the_o place_n but_o one_o which_o stand_v without_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n in_o a_o open_a field_n exceed_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o bigness_n beauty_n and_o art_n this_o building_n indeed_o be_v so_o rare_a a_o piece_n that_o we_o may_v well_o admire_v their_o wondrous_a skill_n in_o architecture_n which_o they_o boast_v of_o former_o the_o whole_a fabric_n consist_v of_o three_o round_n the_o low_a part_n whereof_o stand_v upon_o a_o pedestal_n of_o stone_n into_o which_o you_o ascend_v by_o step_n the_o first_o be_v adorn_v with_o great_a gate_n and_o each_o corner_n support_v with_o most_o curious_a column_n and_o pillar_n the_o second_o round_n have_v stately_a window_n and_o large_a pillar_n like_o the_o first_o by_o which_o the_o roof_n be_v also_o support_v the_o three_o be_v likewise_o beautify_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o whole_a building_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v adorn_v with_o fretwork_n and_o at_o each_o corner_n hang_v little_a bell_n the_o inside_n of_o this_o fane_n seem_v not_o so_o beautiful_a as_o the_o outward_a decoration_n of_o the_o wall_n thereof_o be_v only_o hang_v with_o great_a and_o small_a image_n through_o the_o whole_a country_n as_o well_o temple_n as_o dwelling-house_n pay_v extraordinary_a great_a tax_n which_o do_v exceed_o lessen_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o priest_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o idolater_n here_o so_o far_o as_o we_o can_v by_o the_o outward_a show_n judge_n of_o they_o be_v nothing_o near_o so_o devout_a in_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n as_o those_o in_o other_o part_n for_o in_o some_o place_n we_o see_v their_o idol_n whole_o desert_v and_o leave_v quite_o naked_a without_o any_o ornament_n upon_o they_o other_o be_v only_o cover_v with_o mat_n and_o have_v straw_n hat_n upon_o their_o head_n so_o to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n and_o make_v they_o hold_v out_o and_o last_v the_o long_o towards_o night_n set_v sail_n we_o see_v a_o strange_a uproar_v among_o the_o people_n who_o be_v all_o up_o in_o arm_n and_o have_v divide_v themselves_o into_o several_a troop_n to_o defend_v their_o country_n against_o the_o grasshopper_n which_o occasion_n oftentimes_o a_o very_a great_a dearth_n and_o scarcity_n these_o creature_n come_v once_o a_o year_n about_o that_o time_n when_o we_o be_v there_o with_o a_o easterly_a wind_n in_o such_o mighty_a swarm_n or_o squadron_n that_o they_o devour_v all_o they_o meet_v with_o and_o that_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n leave_v the_o field_n utter_o dismantle_v to_o prevent_v these_o invader_n and_o sweep-clean_a plunderer_n the_o inhabitant_n march_v to_o and_o again_o through_o the_o field_n with_o their_o colour_n and_o ensign_n fly_v shout_a and_o hollow_v all_o the_o way_n they_o go_v by_o which_o mean_v these_o destroyer_n be_v keep_v from_o fix_v and_o do_v such_o execution_n upon_o their_o grain_n and_o thus_o the_o peasant_n continual_o endeavour_v to_o preserve_v their_o labour_n and_o product_n who_o otherwise_o will_v certain_o lose_v the_o whole_a benefit_n of_o their_o harvest_n for_o that_o year_n they_o never_o leave_v they_o when_o they_o see_v a_o party_n come_v till_o they_o have_v drive_v they_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o some_o river_n where_o they_o fall_v down_o and_o be_v drown_v and_o so_o it_o happen_v that_o they_o drive_v a_o fly_a regiment_n so_o long_o till_o they_o fall_v down_o upon_o our_o head_n and_o our_o vessel_n be_v cover_v with_o they_o which_o we_o afterward_o fling_v into_o the_o river_n the_o same_o day_n we_o arrive_v at_o the_o seaport_n of_o tiencienwey_n account_v for_o the_o most_o famous_a sea-town_n of_o all_o china_n their_o chief_a harbour_n be_v three_o the_o first_o be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o canton_n or_o quancheu_fw-la situate_v in_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n the_o second_o jejencien_fw-fr in_o the_o province_n of_o nank_v and_o the_o three_o tiencienwey_n situate_a upon_o the_o utmost_a confine_v towards_o the_o east_n of_o this_o province_n of_o peking_n near_o to_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n cang_v in_o a_o corner_n where_o three_o river_n of_o this_o province_n meet_v and_o upon_o which_o stand_v a_o strong_a fortress_n the_o country_n round_o about_o be_v very_o low_a and_o marshy_a the_o city_n of_o tiencienwey_n itself_o lie_v thirty_o mile_n from_o singlo_n build_v also_o with_o strong_a wall_n twenty_o five_o foot_n high_a full_a of_o watch-tower_n and_o bulwark_n and_o the_o place_n much_o set_v forth_o with_o temple_n very_o populous_a and_o so_o full_a of_o trade_n that_o hardly_o the_o like_a commerce_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o other_o city_n in_o all_o china_n for_o whatsoever_o vessel_n be_v bind_v for_o peking_n from_o any_o other_o part_n of_o china_n must_v touch_v here_o which_o occasion_n a_o extraordinary_a traffic_n to_o ship_n which_o lie_n continual_o before_o this_o city_n here_o be_v also_o the_o