a NumaÌ„tine chiefe of theÌ„ with v. fellowes persuaded by him so many seruants horses in the darke night passing that space that was betwéene the towne the Camp and comming ouer y trenches with a ladder made to scale gote vp and killed the watch and sending their seruaÌ„ts back into the citie they got away â–ª went to the AruacceaÌ„s holding vp their haÌ„ds praying theÌ„ to help y Numantines their kinsfolke The AruacceaÌ„s would not receyue theÌ„ but bad theÌ„ goe their way There was a Citie of power xxx furlongs from Numantia called Lucia The youth of this â–ª Citie much fauoured the Numantines and moued theyr Citie to help the Numantines of the which the auntientes certified Scipio Therefore Scipio at the eyght houre of the night tooke his iourney and by day was at Lucia and beâ—éeged the Citie and required the heads of the youth to be giuen him The townesmen answering that they were fled he threatned spoyle of the Cittie vnlesse they obeyed Whiche the Citizens feating brought foorth foure hundred young men whose handes he cutte off and went away with great spéede and the next day betimes was at his campe The Numantines now oppressed with famine sent fyue men to Scipio with commission to know that if they woulde yeelde to him if he would vse them mercifully and be content with a moderate fine But Auarus the chiefe of them a man of an highe courage did muche set out the valiantnes and entente of the Numantines affirming they did not offende then being in so greate daunger fyghting for their wiues children and libertie of theyr Countrey Wherefore Scipio saide hée it shal be almost rightful thing if thou being a noble man of so great vertue wilt pardon so noble a people and appoint vs that paine that we shal be able to beare We knowe the mutation of fortune and that the safetie of oure Country was not in vs but in thée Then take our Cittie being content with moderate punishement or if thou haste vs in contempt thou maiste hope to sée it perish and be ouerthrowne by defending it selfe When Auarus hadde saide thus Scipio knowing by the Captiues what was done in the Cittie saide he woulde haue them fréely yéelde themselues and their Cittie with their armoure Whiche when it was tolde the Numantines and thoughte so before inflamed with anger for the greate desire of libertie bycause they had neuer bin acquainted to obey and being more taken with rage and furie they killed Auarus and his companye as bringers of euill newes and conspiring with Scipio to saue themselues Not long after all victualls faylyng them hauing neyther fruite nor cattell nor hearbes firste they eat leather mollified in water as other in necessitie haue done When leather failed them they eate deade mens fleshe sodden and roste Then hauing no respecte to the sicke the stronger forced the weaker thinking nowe none acte cruell or violent their mindes being turned into wilde creatures and their bodies into beastes for the meate they did eate Therfore being killed with hunger and consumed with pestilence with hear and beardes horrible they at length yéelded to Scipio whiche commaunded them the same daye to bring their armour into a place appointed and the next day to come themselues into another place assigned But they deferred a daye confessing there were yet many in the city that for the loue of libertie would end their liues with sword and famine and desired a time to kill themselues so greate loue of libertie so gret vertue was there in a barbarous litle citie whiche when they flourished in peace wer eight thousand good men the whiche what thinges they had done againste the Romanes it is euident and how many leagues they made with them with lyke and equall condition which coulde neuer be brought to doe it with any other nation Who their Captaine or Generall was I néede not to rehearse yet Scipio he being in the fielde with .lx. M. men was many times prouoked of the Numantines to fight But Scipio was better and wyser than other generals for he thoughte not good to deale with those wylde men by the force of armes but to conquere them by famine whiche is a thing inâ—uitable by the whiche euill the Numantines coulde bée only taken â–ª as they were These things I had to say of the Numantines when I consider their small number their sufferaunce of labour and noble actes and how long they were inuincible Therefore of the Numantines they that so determined dyuâ—rslye killed themselues The reste the thirde daye came to the place appointed al vgly filthie and horrible to beholde which had bodies foule and full of heare wyth long nayles full of filth and stincke worne garments of euill sauoures by whiche thinges they were miserable to their ennimies and yet feareful to looke vpon therefore they were beholden of the Romaines wyth admiration considering in them the straunge affection of theyr bodies that was felt in the ayre of the dolour and labour whiche they had suffred â–ª and also of their conscience that one had eaten anothers fleshe Scipio choosing oute some of them for the pompe of hys tryumphe commaunded the other to be solde and their Cittie vtterly to be destroyed This Generall of the Romanes these two Cities being taken harde to be wonne Carthage for the greatnesse of the Cittie and the power thereof by the decrée of the Romaines he preserued for the commodity of the lande sea Numantia hée rased a little Citie that helde but a fewe of the whiche the Romanes had not determined eyther bycause he was irefull and harde of nature againste them that he tooke by violence or bicause as some say he thought his glorie to be the greater by the greatest calamities of other Therefore to this day he is called Affricane and Numantine of the destruction he gaue to those Citties Then the places nighe Numantia being assigned and setled and if any were suspected put in feare by payment of money he returned to Rome The Romanes as the maner was sent tenne men of the Senatonres into the places of Spaine that were of their gouernment that those that Scipio or Brutus had taken might be brought into the forme of a prouince After a certain space when newe stirre was made in Spaine Calph. Piso was seÌ„t thyther with aucthoritie to whom Ser. Galba succéeded But a multitude of Cimbrians comming into Italy Sicilie afflicted with y second seruile war they sent no army into Spaine bicause of these wars but would haue lieutenaÌ„ts go to pacifie al as wel as they could When the Cimbrians wer repulsed Tit. Didius weÌ„t thither killed twenty thousand Aruacceans and brought Termentum a great Cittie which scarcely would euer obey the Romanes the strong place in which it was scituated into the plaine willing them to dwel in houses dispersed wythout wals And when he had besieged a city
After Apuleius and the rest were killed the Senate and the people decréede to call home Metellus but P. Furius Tribune not borne of a frée man to his father but made frée of a bond man boldly did resist them and reiected his sonne Metellus beséeching him with teares vpon his knées in the sight of all the people which yong man for that pitifull acte was euer after called Metellus the dutifull Caius Canuleius Tribune the next yeare did accuse Furius and the people that would not tarrie to haue him tried by iudgement did teare him in péeces Thus euer one mischiefe or other was committed in the common place Metellus was called home and as they say a daye did not suffice for them that came to welcome hym home at the gates of the Citie Thus the thirde sedition after the two former made of the two Graccâ—â— begunne by Apulesus and working muche trouble to the Romaynes was ended In the meane tyme kyndled a stirre called the fellowes warre whiche as it was sodayne so it shortlye grewe verye great and caused dissention to ceasse at home for feare of trouble abrode and when it was ended it raysed newe turmoyles and workers of discorde not for makyng of Cities or creating of officers among the people but wyth myghtye armyes séekyng one anothers destruction the whyche I thought good to ioyne with thys Hystorie bycause it procéeded of ciuill dissention and increased to a farre greater tumulte the begynnyng whereof was thys Fuluiuâ— Flaccus béeyng Consull was the fyrste that openly encouraged the Italians to aske the fréedome of Rome that of subiectes they myghte bée coequall in authoritie And bycause hée was so earnest in the cause the Senatoures sente hym to a forrayne warre where hée laboured to bée Tribune When hys office shoulde ende and broughte to passe that hée was chosen Tribune wyth Gracchus the yonger both the whyche going aboute to make lawes in the fauoure of the Italians were slayne as yée haue hearde whereby the Italians were the more sharplyesette takyng it gréeuouslye that they were rather vsed lyke vnderlyngs than fellowes and that Fuluius and Gracchus for theyr sakes were so destroyed after whome Liuius Drusus a noble man and Tribune hadde promised the Italians to make a lawe in theyr fauoure touchyng the freedome of the Citie whereof they were verye desirous as the onely meane of Seruauntes to bée made Superioures To gratifye the people of Rome the Tribune ledde newe inhabitances as well into Italie as Sicelie determined before but tyll that tyme deferred Hée also tooke in hande to make pacification betwéene the Senatoures and the Gentlemen whyche were fallen out for authoritie of iudiciall matters and when hée sawe hée coulde not directlye restore the Senate to theyr former iurisdiction he vsed a policie wyth them both for where the Senate by reason of sedition were scarcely the number of thrée hundred hée deuised that so many more shoulde bée chosen of the Gentlemen and of them all Judges to bee chosen in tyme to come to heare matters of corruption whyche was nowe no more regarded for men were waxen so shamelesse as it was thoughte no faulte but thys policie hadde contrarie successe for the Senate was gréeued that so many Gentlemen shoulde so suddaynely bée made theyr fellowes béeyng vnlyke that they in lyke authoritie would agrée with them The Gentlemen were afrayde that the whole order of iudgementes should be in the Senate the which thing now hauing tasted of great gaine with much authoritie they began not without cause to suspect besideforth an emulation grew among themselues which of theÌ„ shoulde be thought worthier than other to be chosen to the thrée C. and he that was was sure to be enuied but nothing did more trouble them than that the triall of corruption shoulde be called agayne to the ordinary court the which was now out of vse and in this the Senate and the Gentlemen though they agréed not among themselues yet they both conspired agaynste Drusus The people was pleased wyth theyr newe habitations But the Italians for whose sakes the Tribune hadde begunne all these things could not away with the placing of newe habitacions for if the diuision of common land should ceasse the rich men some by force and some by fraude woulde winne it and streight get it from them and be euill neyghbours to them that would with-holde them The Tuscanes and the Vmbrians hauing the like affection were brought of the Consull inpretence to dispatche Drusus but in very déde to resist the lawe againste the which they openly cryed and expected the day of determination When the Tribune hearde of this he came not abroade but gaue audience at home in a darke gallerie and in an euening dismissing the people it hapned so that he cryed I am hurt and with y word he fell downe dead it was found that he was strickeÌ„ with a Shomakers knife in y flanke Thus Drusus the Tribune was slayne The Gentlemen of this determination tooke occasion to picke quarels against their enimies and induced Q. Valerius the Tribune to take vppon him to accuse all them that eyther priuily or apertly had furthered the Italians in the publique matters hoping thereby the great men should haue bin brought into slaunders and diffamation and they be their Judges whych being ridde away they shoulde yet haue greater power in the common wealth And whereas other Tribunes did refuse to propound the lawe the Gentlemen with swords in hand did coÌ„passe the place and caused the law to be made which as soone as they had obteyned they brought in accusers againste the Senatours whereof one Bestius woulde not obey but wente into voluntarie banishment as he that would not giue himselfe into the hands of his enimies Cotta appeared in iudgement and when hée had very boldly declared his seruice for the common wealth and reprehended the Gentlemen before he shoulde be cast out by decrée he wente away willingly Mummius that euercame Greece being promised of the Gentlemen to be released was deceyued and forced with shame to flée iudgement and to leade his lyfe in the I le of Delos The people began to be gréeued at this disorder increasing dayly against the best men lamenting that so many and so good CitizeÌ„s should be so suddainely taken from them The Italians hearing of Drusus death and the cause of so many mens exile thinking no longer to be suffered that such a sort of their chiefe patrones should be thus vsed and not hoping any other way to obteyne the fréedome of the Citie determined to leaue the Romaines and to make warre vpon them At the beginning of this confederacie they secretely gaue hostages for assurance of their faith which thing was long hidde to the Romaines bycause of their dissention and iudiciall causes but when it was perceyued they sente diuers abroade to vnderstand the thyng closely one of the whiche marking that
wente to Capua to the army which was to passe into Asia for the war of Mithridates not knowing any thing yet what was meante agaynste hym The vacation béeyng dissolued and Sylla gone out of the Citie Sulpitius propounded the lawe and to C. Marius for whome he had done all this he assigned the rule of the warre agaynste Mithridates in Sylla hys place Sylla hearing of 〈◊〉 and determining to trye it by fight called hys Souldyoures togyther whyche were desirous to goe thys iourney for the gayne thereof and knewe that Marius woulde vse other Souldyoures in it and declared vnto them what spyghte Sulpitius and Marius hadde done hym not shewyng playnely hys meaning for hée durst not yet make mention of any suche warre but only exhorted them to bée readye as occasion shoulde requyre They vnderstanding hys intente and afrayde to be preuented of thys warfare opened Syllas cogitation and badde hym boldly leade them to Rome Hée beyng gladde thereof marched wyth syxe Legions All the officers of hys Campe but one Tresourer posted to Rome and coulde not abyde to goe agaynste theyr Countrey Embassadoures came to hym by the way and asked hym why wyth armes hée dyd inuade hys Countrey he aunswered to delyuer it from Tyrauntes Hée made thys aunswere twice or thrice to seuerall Embassadors and wythall required that the Senate wyth Marius and Sulpitius myghte méete hym in the flelde of Mars and there hée woulde doe as by counsell should séeme good When hée was come nygh Pompeyus hys fellowe resorted to hym allowing and praysing hys doyngs and ioynyng wyth hym in all thynges Marius and Sulpitius not prepared for so shorte a distaunce sente other Embassadoures as directed from the Senate wyllyng hym not to come nygher than fyue myles to the Citie tyll they hadde consulted of the presente state Sylla and Pompey well vnderstandyng theyr meaning promised so to doe yet followed as soone as they were gone Then Sylla tooke the gate called Celimontana and the wall nexte itâ— with one Legion and Pompey tooke Collina Gate wyth an other The thyrde hée placed at the bridge of wodde the fourth he left as a warde vnder the walles with the rest he entred the Citie with enunies mind and déede wherefore the dwellers aboute did stoppe him by castyng vpon him from aboue He threatned to burne their houses and then they ceassed â–ª Marius and Sulpitius came against him in the playne of Esquily with as manye as of the suddayne they coulde bring armed This was the first fight that euer was in Rome of suche enimies not nowe for anye pretence of dissention but by playne force with Trumpet and ensignes as in lawe of warre To such inconueniences were they now come by nourishing or dissentious Sylla hys souldyoures gaue backe wherefore he tooke the standerd and stoode to it with daunger so as the reuerencâ— of their Generall and the feare of dishonor that come to them that forsake their ensigne did stay them straighte from fléeyng Sylla called freshe Souldyers from the Campe without and sente others to the streete called Saburra to compasse the enimies on the backehalfe Marius company made but faint resistaÌ„ce against these new men and fearing to be compassed on euery side called to the Citizens that fought yet in their houses and proclaymed libertie to seruauntes if they would come to help but none comming forthe and they in vtter despayre fledde out of the Citie and so did euery noble man that was of their faction â–ª Sylla passed to the way called Holy and such as made any spoyle he punished in the sight of all men He also set garrisons in the Citie and both he and Pompey watched going aboute euery where that no hurt should be done eyther of them that had lost or of them that had wonne Day being come they called the people to a counsel they lamented that the state was betrayed of certayne troublesome men and that they were constreyned by necessitie to doe that they had done Further thoy affirmed that nothing of importance should be propounded to the people but that were before debated of the Senate renuing an auntient lawe nowe of long time out of vse and that the elections shoulde not be of the ordinarie companies of wardes but of the generall assemblie by the rate of substance according to the institution of Kyng Tullus supposing by these two things that if no lawe were propounded to the people before the Senate and that electioÌ„s should not conâ—st in the poore and bolde sorte in stéede of the wise and substantiall men there shoulde not be suche occasion of sedition Many other things they spake of the Tribunes in writing againste that power as Tyrannicall whereby the Senate was growen into contempt by so vnfyt men therefore they chose togither â–ª three hundred of the vest sorte and whatsoeuer had bin done by Sulpitius after the vacation of the Consuls they reuoked it as vnlawfull Thus sedition from strife and contention dyd growe to murther and from murthers to very warre and thys was the first army of Citizens that inuaded the Countrey as enimies Yet sedition ceassed not by this trial of armes for continuall inuasions were made against Rome the walles were beaten downe and all other extremities of warre done no reuerence eyther of lawe common wealthe or Countrey being able to refrayne the violent mindes Then was banished Sulpitius the Tribune and with him Marius sixe times Consul and his sonne P. Cethegus â—umus Brutus C. Q â–ª Granius P. Albinouanus M. Lectorius and other to the number of twelue Senators as stirrers of tumult rebellious to the Consuls prouokers of slaues to reuolt by offering them libertie for the whiche they were proclaymed enimies to the Romaine state and that it should be lawfull to kil them without punishment or bring thâ—â— to the Consuls Their goodes were confiscate and serchers ranne aboute to catch theÌ„ who founde Sulpitius and slew him Marius alone without seruant or fellow fledde to Minturna the rulers of that Citie for feare of the Proclamation kéeping him in a close house that hadde bin sixe times Consull and done so many notable feates would not be authours of his death but sente a Frenchman that was there by chance with a sword to kill him The Frenchman as they say wente in to him lying on the strawe in the darke house and was afrayde for he thoughte that his eyes dyd cast forthe beames and flames of fire and that he did rise from hys couch and cryed with a loude voyce darest thou kil Câ—â—â—s Marius The Frenchman fledde as fast as he could out of the house like a madde man crying I can not kyl Marius whereby the Rulers that doubtfully hadde determined this were stricken with a diuine feare and a fame spoken from his childhoode that the man shoulde be seauen times Consull for they say when he was a childe seuen yong Eagles
but many moe were wounded Norbanus fledde to Capua Sylla and Metellus being at Theano Lucius Scipio came with an other armye verye faintly and desired peace might be made They that were wyth Sylla sent to Scipio to agrée vpon articles not so much hoping so to do any good as bycause they thought his army woulde rather reuolt by reason of their discouragemeÌ„t yet they met Scipio tooke hostages for the agréemeÌ„ts went came into the field Thrée of eyther side did conferre so as it was not knowen what they dyd Scipio thought good to send Sertorius to Norbanus his felow to signifie what was spoken of both armies remaining in quiet loking for answere Sertorius in his iourney tooke Swessa that was a towne of Syllas Sylla sent a messenger to complaine with Scipio He either priuie to the fact or doubting of the answere as a thing not fitte for Sertorius sent the hostages againe to Sylla His army being offended at this déede of Sertorius in a time of treaty and at the sending againe of the hostages not being required layde al the blame vpon the Consuls priuily coÌ„pacted to reuolt to Sylla if he would draw néere which he doing they al weÌ„t vnto him leauing Scipio the Consull Lucius his sonne in the tente were taken of Sylla Me thinke it is a strange thing farre vnfitte for a Captayne to be ignoraÌ„t of such a practise of his whole army WheÌ„ Sylla could not persuade Scipio he did let him his sonne goe without hurte sent other meÌ„ to Norbanus to treate of conditions eyther bycause he was afraid of the force of Italy y conspired with the Consuls or y he went about to deceiue him as he had done Scipio but no man coÌ„ming with answer bycause it séemeth Norbanus feared the like blame of his army Sylla marched toward him wasting al things as an enimie Norbanus did the like but toke other wayes Carbo made hast to the Citie proclaimed Metellus other that were gone to Sylla Rebels At this time the Capitoll was on fire some say it was Carboes worke or the Consuls some say Sylla sente to do it but the certeÌ„tie is vnknowen I could neuer learne which way it came Sertorius being before choseÌ„ Pretor of Iberia after he had deteined Swessâ— he fled into his prouince and the former Prefors not receiuing him it caused the Romaines to haue much to do The army of y Consuls encreased euery day froÌ„ the more part of Italy from the hither side of France aboute Eridanus the Riuer Sylla was not idle but sente some of his into euery place of Italy He gote many for loue some for feare some for money and some for hope and thus was the rest of that Sommer consumed The yeare folowing Paptrius Carbo agayne and Marius nephew to the mighty Marius being xxvij yeares old were chosen Consuls the Winter the cold continuing long did deuide theÌ„ asunder At the beginning of the Spring about the floud Aesis froÌ„ morning tyl midday was a greate battaile fought betwixt Metellus and Carinna one of Carbos Pretors at the which Carinna losing manye fled away all the Countrey yéelded to Metellus forseâ—ke the Consuls Carbo came vpoÌ„ Metellus beseged him til he heard y Marius the other Consull had a great ouerthrow at Preneste Then he remoued his CaÌ„p toward Arimino y rereward wherof was set on of Pompeius and greately distressed Sylla tooke Settâ— Marius who was lodged nigh him withdrew by little little til he was come to the place called Holy Port there he set his meÌ„ in order and gaue Sylla a battel in y which he fought very fearcely til his left wing began to giue backe of the which fiue baÌ„ds of footemen two of HorsemeÌ„ not loking for any other turne threw downe their ensignes fled to Sylla this was the cause of Marius ruine for after many were slayne y rest fled to Preneste whom Sylla followed in chace The Prenestines did receyue them that came first but when they saw Sylla at hand they shut the gates tooke in Marius with ropes The other about the walles were al slayne taken wherof many being Samnites Sylla coÌ„manded to be killed as antient enimies to the Romaines At this time also the residue of Carbes army was ouercome of Metellus fiue bands whiles they fought reuolting vnto him Pompeius ouerthrewe Marcius at Sena sacked the Citie Sylla hauing Marius shut in Preneste made a treÌ„ch about the Citie a great wall a good way off appointing Lucretius Offella to y charge not otherwise meaning to deale with Marius but with famine Marius not loking for any help would néedes kill his priuate enimies and sent to Brutus the Pretor of y Citie to assemble theÌ„ for another purpose to kil Pub. Ant stius the other Papirius Carbo Lucius Domitius Lucius Sceuola the great Bishop of the Romaines These two were slayne in couÌ„sell as Marius commanded Domitius fléeing was strickeÌ„ at his going out Sceuola was slaine a little before the Senate house Their bodies were cast into the Riuer for now it was out of vse to burie theÌ„ that were killed Sylla sent his army seuerally by diuers wayes to Rome willed theÌ„ to take the gates of the Citie if they were repulsed to retyre to Ostia The Cities receiued theÌ„ as they came with great feare and opened their Gates wheÌ„ they would come in and wheÌ„ they came to the Citie it selfe they opened the Gates for being pined wyth hunger and oppressed with desperation of presente euils they were in vre to suffer the mightier power whiche Sylla when hée knew came forward with his Camp and planted it in the fielde of Mars before the gates and entred All the contrarye faction fléeing out of the Citie their goodes he made common or caused them to be sold by Trumpet He called the people to a Counsell and lamenting the present time badde them be of a good chéere for he woulde set all in quiet and bring the common wealthe to better estate and whatsoeuer he should ordeyne all should be for the best Hauing thus disposed his matters leauing certayne of his friends to garde the Citie he went to Clusio where the remnant of the warre was In the meane time certayne Spanishe Horsemen sente from the Captaynes of Iberia came to the Consuls with whome Sylla making a fight on Horsebacke he kylled fiftie of them at the floud Clanâ—â— and two hundred and 70. fledde vnto him the residue Carbo destroyed eyther hating the suddaine reuolting of that natioÌ„ or fearing the like losse by them At that time with the other part of his armyes Sylla ouercame his enimies about Saturnia and Metellus comming to Rauenna by shippe did winne the region of the Vritanes abundante with grasse and Corne. Certayne other of Syllas people entring Naples
by treason in the nighte slewe all that were there sauing a few that fledde and tooke away the Gallies of the Citie Betwéene Carbo Sylla was a sore fight at Clusium till the Sunne wente downe when they had fought with like courage on both sides nighte did ende the fight In the field of Spoleto Pompeius and Crassas both Lieutenants to Sylla did kil thrée thousand of Carbos Souldiers and beséeged Carinna that was Camped ouer against them Carbo minded to reléeue Carinna with his other host which Sylla vnderstanding placed an embushment and as they were passing destroyed two thousand of them Carinna in the darke nighte full of rayne and showers although his enimies perceyued but cared not for it for the foule tempest he fiedde away Carbo vnderstanding that Marius his fellowe was distressed with hunger at Preneste commaunded Martius to goe thither with eyght Legions agaynste whome Pompeius lying in awayte in a straighte put them from their iourney and hauing killed many held the other as beséeged vpon an hill where vppon Martius without any companion the fiers being still kept fledde away The army laying the blame of the deceyte vpon him fell to diuision and one whole legion vnder their ensignes without anye commaundement marched to Ariminum the other wente euery man to his Countrey so as there remayned but seauen bandes with the Capsayne Martius with this infelicitie came to Carbo Marcus Lamponius from Lucania Pontius Tilisius from the Samnites and Capuanus Gutta leading seauenty thousande men came to deliuer Marius from the séege Sylla vnderstanding of it kepte them backe at a streight where they must néedes passe Marius being vtterly voyde of all helpe withoute made a forte in the playne that was large betwéene both hostes into the which he brought his army and ensignes to force Lucretius with the whiche attempting manye warres in vayne he retyred againe into Preneste At this time Carbo and Norbanus in Placentia came on the suddayne in the euening to the place where Metellus lay and being within one houre of the night amoÌ„g the Uineyards fondly and suriously set vpoÌ„ him thinking by their suddaine assault to ouerthrow Metellus but being ouercome by the iniquitie of the time and place entangled among the vines tenne thousand were slayne vj. thousand yéelded to the enimâ—e the rest ranne away and but one thousande departed in order to Arretio Another Legion of Lucanes led by Albinouanus hearing of this losse fledde to Metellus for aughte he coulde doe Albinouanus in greate rage came to Norbanus but shortlye after making a secret compact with Sylla to be assured as he should do a notable seruice he inuited Norbanus and his chiefe Captaynes to a baÌ„quet as Gaius Antipestris Flauius Fimbria his brother y in Asia had killed himself al other his officers preseÌ„t of y Camp. All the whiche being come except Norbanus who onely was absent he slew them in his tent and fledde to Sylla Norbanus hearing of the losse at Arimiâ—â— and that diuers of their armyes were fledde to Sylla supposing nowe no more trust to be in friendship as in aduersitie it hapneth tooke a priuate little boate and sayled to y Rhodes in the which place being required after of Sylla and y Rhodianes doubting what to do he killed himselfe in the middest of their common place Carbo commauuded Damasippo at Preneste to take two Legions and to deliuer Marius froÌ„ the seege but the could not do it bycause the streyghtes were kepte of Sylla All the Frenchmen that from Rauenna â—welte to the Alpes dyd reuolte to Metellus Lucullus did ouercome another part of Carbo his host at Placentia whiche when Carbo heard hauing yet thirtie thousande Souldyers at Clusie two Legions of Damasippus and many other with Carinna and Martio and a greate number of Samnites who refused no payne in passing the streightes béeyng out of al hope cowardly sayled into Lybia with his friends being yet in opinion to turne Lybia against Italy They that remayned at Clusie came to a fighte with Pompey before that Citie and lost aboute twenty thousand of their men whiche losse had the rest returned to their owne Countreys Carinna Martius and Damasippus with the Samnites met at the streightes to passe by very force which when they could not do they marched toward Rome thinking as voide of men streÌ„gth and for lacke of victual to take it They encamped at Albano tenne mâ—les off Sylla fearing that their comming myghte molest the Citie sente his Horsemenne with all diligence to encounter them by the way and himselfe with his mighty army came at midday and lay at Porte Collina a little from Venus Temple The enimies encamping also at the Gates of the Citie a great fight beganne a little before the Sunne set In the ryght wing Sylla had the better the left wing hauing the worse fledde to the Gates The olde men that were there séeing the enimie also comming among the other let downe the Portculice and killed many whereof some were Senatoures and some Gentlemen The other of force and necessitie turned to their enimyes and fought all night with a great slaughter In this battell was slayne Telesinus and Albinus both Pretors and theyr Campes taken Lamponius Lucanus Martius Carinna and other Captaynes of Carbos faction fledde Greate was the slaughter at this fighte for it is saide there was slayne about fiftie thousand and aboue eyght thousand takeÌ„ prisoners and bycause the greater part of them were Samnites Sylla caused them all to be shotte to death The next day Martius and Carinna were brought captiue vnto him whome he did not pardon after the Romaine manner but put them to death and sent their heads to Lucretio to nayle them on the wall at Preneste which when the Prenestines saw and hearing that al Carbos armies were destroyd and Norbanus fledde out of Italy and that the rest of Italy with the Citie of Rome were for Sylla they did yéelde the Citie to Lucretiâ— Marius hidde himselfe in a Caue and shortly after killed hymselfe Lucretius cutte off his head and sente it to Sylla who hanged it vp in the common place giuing him this taunt for his yong yeares to be a Consull A man must firste be a Mariner before he can be a Maister When Lucretius had receyued Preneste he kylled part of the Senatoures that were for Marius and part he putte in prison all the which Sylla at his comming put to deathe and commaunding all the Prenestines to come without armour into his Campe he chose of them suche as he thoughte had done hym seruice whiche were but few The other he deuided into thrée partes Romaines Samnites and Prenestines He pardoned the Remaines although as he tolde them they had deserued death Both the other he commaunded to be done to death with dartes The women and the children he suffered to goe away frée The Citie he sacked
whiche was very riche and thus was Preneste taken Norba an other Citie did still stoutely resist him till A Emilius Lepidus gote into the Citie by policie in the night whiche thyng the Citizens perceyuing and being in desperation part killed one an other part killed themselues part hung themselues part shut their dores and part set their houses a fire whiche by the winde grew so great as the Citie was burned and no man had the spoyle Thus they manfully died Italy béeyng thus afflicted with fire famine and slaughter the Captaynes of Sylla went to euery place setting garrisons where suspect was and Pompeius went into Lybia and Sicilia against Norbanus and his partakers Sylla called the Romaines to a Counsell speaking verye magnifically of himselfe and verye horribly for them making this conclusion that he would reduce the Romaine people to better state if they obeyed him but he purposed not to spare one of his enimies but extreamely to punishe them were they Pretors Questors Tribunes or any other that had conspired with his foes since the daye that Scipio brake promise wyth him which being sayd he proscribed to death fortie Senatoures and a thousand sixe hundred Gentlemen of the Romaines he is the first that we finde did proscribe men to dye He appointed rewards for the killers and the bewrayers of the offendoures and penalties for them that did hide any of them Shortly after he added more Senators to the first which suddaynely were kylled where they were founde some in the stréetes some in their houses and some in the Temples some were brought vnto him on high throwen before his féete some were dragged some were beaten no maÌ„ daring speake one word at the pitiful sight héereof for feare of the smart some were banished and their goodes gyueÌ„ to other some were sought for that were fledde who being scourged euery where were miserably done to death Against the Itlians also were many murthers many banishmeÌ„ts many publicaties of their goodes that had any way obeyed Carbo Norbanus or Marius or any of their officers for the which sharp iudgemeÌ„t was giuen ouer all Italy Many and diuers accusations also were made vpon Captaines and armyes and them that lente any money or shewed other seruice or counsell against Sylla Hospitality also and curtesie done by the way in iourneys or any other lyke friendship as lending or borrowing of money or kéeping company was punished The rich men were most sharply handled in all these things when accusatioÌ„s failed in particular men Sylla turned to whole Cities some he punished by pulling downe their forts some their walles he made equal with the ground to some he put a publike payne or else a yearely taxe some he gaue in habitation to them that had serued him among whome also he deâ—ided the houses and landes of the Citizens whiche thing made them sure to him all his life and as men that were certen of nothing but by his weale and safetie they mainteyned his quarell after he was dead This was now the state of Italy Pompey had intercepted Carbo and such noble men as were with him flying from Lybia to Sicilia and from Sicilia to Cosyra commaunding all to be killed before they come in his sight except Carbo who was brought bound vnto him and layde before his féete hauing bin thesce Consull After a long rebuke he condemned hym to death and sente his head to Sylla who hauing all thinges as he would against his enimies sauing Sertorius who was farre off and the only enimie remaining He sente Metellus to ouerthrowe him in Iberia All ciuill matters he vsed as he listed lawes creations by voyces elections by lottes was no more spoken of euery man fearing eyther hiding themselues or holding their peace or confirming by decrée as sure and irreuocable whatsoeuer he had done eyther as Consull or Proconsull They set vp his Image of golde on Horsebacke in the common Palace with this Title Cornelius Sylla the happy Captayne For so did Flatterers vse to call him in his fortunate fightes againste his foes whiche name beginning of flattery remayned firme and stable I haue séene in some writings that he was called by decrée Sylla the gratious whiche thing is not incredible tâ— me bycause he was after named the Fortunate which be names very nigh to lucky and gratious There is also an Oracle of continuance when he searched for things to come Credite me O Romaine Venus hath giuen great power Vnto Aeneas lasting line But thou honour Each of the Gods yearely and do them not forget Thy giftes to Delphos send and one the Mount so great Of cloudy Taure shall climbe where Venus auntient race At Cares Citie dwell and doth surname the place And offering there thine axe shalt take the royall mace The Romaines wrote the same vpon his image whiche as I thinke they did to taunt him or to mollifie him he sent a crowne of golde and an are with this inscription To thee Venus these giftes the Monarch Sylla sends According to his dreame that all to battell tends To Mar and martiall seâ—tes his whole intente he bends Being nowe a King or Tirante not chosen but by force and violence wanting an apparance to séeme to be chosen he inuented this craft In old time kings for their vertue did rule Rome when any of theÌ„ did die one Senator after an other did rule fiue dayes til the people had chosen an other to be kyng him y ruled those fiue days they called a king betwene for in that meane time he was a king The electioÌ„s of the CoÌ„suls was euer done by them that ended their office but if by chace there was no CoÌ„sul present theÌ„ was there also a king betwéene made til the CoÌ„suls were elected Sylla following this custome no maÌ„ being Consull after the death of Carbo in Sicilia Marius in Preneste he weÌ„t out of the Citie coÌ„manded the Senate the a King betwéene should be chosen so by theÌ„ Valerius Flaccus was chosen thinking he woulde haue procéeded to the Consuls electioÌ„ but Sylla seuerally by his letters willed Flaccus that he should propouÌ„d to the people that Sylla thought it expedieÌ„t that one should be created the ruler in she Citie that was named Dictator now not vsed four C. yeares since whomesoeuer they chose they should perswade him not to giue it ouer at a time but to coÌ„tinue it til he had appesed Rome Italy other kingdomes now afflicted with seditioÌ„ Euery maÌ„ in his mind thought this was meant of Sylla he did not much disseÌ„ble it for in the end of his letters he signified that he it was if it should so seeme to theÌ„ that should be so profitable to the coÌ„moÌ„ wealth Thus he wrote The Rumaines that now could do nothing in lawful electioÌ„s nor had now any authoritie embracing a shew of
woulde not admit hym and fought very valiantly with Metellus that was sent against hym of Sylla and being couragious to anye feate elected a Senate of thrée hundred of his present friends which he called the Romaine Senate in dispight whereof hee named it the Choice Counsell Sylla being dead and after hym Lepidus Sertorius hauing another army of Italians which Perpenna brought vnto him as a Pretor of Lepidus he had an opinion to be able to make warre vppon Italy which the Senate fearing sente another armye and another Pretor whiche was Pompey to the army that was before in Iberia who being but a yong Gentleman was renowmed for the seruice he had done vnder Sylla in Libya and in Italy He passed the Alpes very boldly not that way that Anniball did so notablye but brake another way by the fountaines of Rodanus and Eridanus both the whiche floudes haue theyr springs not far asunder from the high Alpes Rodanus runneth by the Frenchemen that he beyond the Alpes into the Tirrâ—ne sea the other within the Alpes flowing to Ionia and in stéede of Eridanus is called Padus Being come into Iberia Sertorius straight did ouerthrowe one legion goyng a foraging with their baggage and slaues The Citie of Lauâ—one in Pompeius sighte he spoiled and ouerthrew At this siege a woman being missused of a souldior with courage beyonde nature of hir kinde pulled out hys eies Sertorius hauing vnderstanding of the chaunce putte to death the whole baÌ„d being counted corrupted in like things though it were al of the Romaines then winter comming on they rested The Spring approching they came forth Metellus and Pompey froÌ„ the mount Pirinei and Sertorius with Perpenna from Lusitania They met at a Citie called Sura where giuing battell though an horrible thunder in y clere aire which is maruellous lightnings out of reason did flash vpon theÌ„ yet they as expert souldiors without fearâ— kept y fight made great murder one of another til Metellus had ouerthrown Perpenna and scattered his men Sertorius ouercome Pompey who was hurt in y thigh with a darte and escaped wyth much daÌ„ger This was the end of the first battel Sertorius had a white Harte tame to him very louing the which being loste he tooke it for an euill token woulde not come forth for griefe thinking his Hart had bin takeÌ„ of his enimies who scorned him for it but when y Hart was séene again came running to him by by as by y prouoked he set vpoÌ„ his enimies made diuers light fightes Shortly after they fought a great battel about SaguÌ„tia froÌ„ noone till night in y which he ouercame Pompey in the battel of horsmeÌ„ flew .vj. M. of his enimies lost halfe so many of his own Metellus of that other side killed .v. M. of PerpeÌ„nas camp The nexte day Sertorius with an huge nuÌ„ber of Barbarians a little before night set vpoÌ„ Metellus had brokeÌ„ his campe if Pompey had not approched made him leaue his bold enterprise These thinges being done in soÌ„mer they retired to their winter harborow The yere folowing being y Clxvj. Olimp. 2. of y coÌ„federed nations did fal to the Romaines Bythinia giuen by Nicomedes Cyrene by Tolomeus Lagus called Appion leauing it to theÌ„ by Testament On the other side great enimies discouered against them Sertorius in Spain Mithridates in y East rouers ouer al that sea a stir in Creta a tumult of the FeÌ„ce-players of Italy very sodain and sharp The Romains diuiding their power for this purpose set .ij. legions into Iberia which being come Metellus Pompey remoued froÌ„ their wintrings at y mount Pirenei into Iberia Sertorius Perpenna came froÌ„ Luâ—itania at the which time many fled froÌ„ Sertorius to Metellus with the which Sertorius being grieued he haÌ„dled many cruelly barbarously wherby he grew into hate of the army the rather for that he remoued the Romains froÌ„ the custody of hys body put the Celtiberians in their place They could not abide to be reproued of vnfaithfulnesse though they serued an ennimy to Rome but this thing chiefly grieued theÌ„ that they were counted rebels to their couÌ„try for his sake yet suspected of him that with him ther was no difference betwene a fugitiue a faithful The Celtiberians also vsed theÌ„ dispitefully taunted them as vnfaithful notwithstaÌ„ding the Romains did not vtterly forsake him bycause of their commodities for there was not a more valiaÌ„t nor fortunate captaine than hee in somuche as the Celtiberians woulde call hym Anniball for hys promptnesse who was the moste politicke and forwarde Capitayne that they coulde rehearse After this sort stoode the army with Sertorius Metellus people did daily molest the Cities coÌ„pell many to yéelde vnto theÌ„ Pompeius besieged Palantia and wyth tymber had made waye to scale the wall Sertorius came to the reliefe and remoued the siege â–ª Pompey burned hys timber worke destroyed the walles and retyred to Metellus Sertorius repaired the Citie and spéedilye weÌ„t toward Calagyrus where encouÌ„tring with theÌ„ that lay there he killed 3000. of them And these were the doings in Iberia this yere The yere following the Romaine capitaines with greater courage set vpoÌ„ the Cities that held with Sertorius tooke some of theÌ„ other they sought to get by pollicie as they did not vsing theyr whole force at euery atteÌ„pt But the yere folowing came stronger to the field did their things with more confideÌ„ce Nowe Sertorius began to decay God being against hym and hee omitting the laws trauailes of a captain gaue himselfe to delicatenesse and womeÌ„ feasting drinking for these causes he was many times ouercome falling into furies rages for euery trifle suspected euery man Wherefore PerpeÌ„na y from the faction of Aemilius came vnto him with a gret army begaÌ„ to doubt of him conspired against him wyth tenne other the which béeyng discouered some were hanged and some escaped but Perpenna not beeyng named as was his maruellous good hap perseuered the rather in hys purpose he desired Sertorius to a banquet and although he neuer wente withoute hys Guarde yet at the seaste little respect being had and hee and all they ouerladen with Wine Perpenna cut off his heade in the place where he feasted The armye wyth great ire and tumulte rose againste Perpenna chaunging theyr hate into loue of the Capitaine for though before they hadde us greate lykyng of hym now that hee was deade remembraunce of his vertue tourned their mindes to pitie And in thys present case they contemned Perpenna as a priuate man and thinking their only weale did consist in Sertorius they could not abide Perpenna not only they but the Lusitanes and other Barbarians thought as much whome Sertorius chiefly vsed in the warre and when the tables of his Testament were
before him like a Proconsull very fondly went to Manlius taking vp souldiours by the way Now was it thought good to Lentulus his coÌ„panions as soone as they heard Cateline to be at Fesule that Lentulus himself Cethegus should beset Ciceros house early in the morning with weapons hid that they being let in bicause of their dignities should speake with him by talke draw him a good way off and when they had him from other coÌ„pany to kil him Then should Lucius Sextius a Tribune by by cal an assemblie by the ordinarie officers accuse Cicero as a maÌ„ feareful troublesome a disturber of the citie when there was no such cause and the night after this Oration of Sextius to set the citie a fire in other .xij. places to spoyle it kil the best me This was y opinioÌ„ of Lentulus Cethegus Statilius Sextius chiefe of y coÌ„spiracie wayted for the time There were embassadours of Sauâ—â— â–ª to coÌ„plain of their gouernours which by Lentulus were admitted to â— conspiracie y they should stirre their couÌ„trie against the Romanes Lâ—â—uâ—us sent Vuiturtius of Croâ—one with theÌ„ to Cateline carying letters without any name The Embassadours being afraide did coÌ„municate with Fabrus Sanga who was their patrone as euery other citie had in Rome Cicero vnderstaÌ„ding this by Sanga appreheded both them Vulturtius as they were goyng away a brought them to the Senate to whom they coÌ„fessed al they had learned of Lentulus and with much â—â—o bewrayed that Cornelius Lentulus had oft sayde y by destâ—â—te â—â— Cornelius should be Monarches of Rome whereof â— were past Cinn Sylla When these things were declared the Senate put Lentulus out of his office Cicero coÌ„mitted euery of the to the houses of the pretors straight returned called ter sentece There was much ado about the counsell house for y truth was not yet knowne â–ª the conspiratours were afraide of themselues The seruaunts fréemade meÌ„ of Lentulus Câ—tâ—â—gus got many artificers with theÌ„ and weÌ„t to the backe sides of the Pretors houses to haue taken away their maisters whiche when Cicero heard he ran out of the counsell house hauing set garde in euery place came againe and hastned the iudgement Syllanus spake first as he that was elected to be Consull next for it was the Romaines maner to haue him speake first that should folow in the Consuls office bicause as I think he should comâ—nly crecute the decrées therby coÌ„sider the more ripely morely of euery of them Syllmus was of opinion y these men should haue extreme punishment and many other consented to his iudgement till Nero muste say his minde who thought it good to kéepe them in prison til Cateline were ouerthrowen and the thing throughly knowne C. Caeser who was not without suspition to be priuie to this coÌ„spiracie with whom Cicero durst not contend bycause he was so accepted to the people added more that Cicero shoulde place them in such Cities of Italie as he thought good til Cateline were dispatched and then to be brought to iudgemente that no eâ—tremitye shoulde be vsed againste so noble men that myghte seeme voyde of cight or reason This sentence seming indistereÌ„t manâ— allowed of it and rashly consented to it til Cato plainely had discouered the suspitioÌ„ against Caesar and Cicero fearing that this night some trouble would folowe that the multitude that were acquainted with the matter and then remayned doubtful in the common place would do mischiefe and for some inconuenience as wel of the one as of the other determined to execute the without iudgement as apparant offenders Cicero brought euery one of them the Senate yet sitting to the coÌ„mon prison and without knowledge of the people put them to death Then he went to theÌ„ that were in the common place and told theÌ„ they haue liued wherat they dispersed with feare were glad to hide theÌ„selues as wel as they could so the citie that at that present was in great feare â–ª receyued a little comfort Cateline had nowe gathered xx M. and armed the fourth part of them was going into 〈◊〉 for more preparation but Antonie the other Consul encountred him in the Alpes and without great ado ouerthrew him as one that suriously had taken so horrible a thing in hand whiche when it came to the triall without order erecuted the sâ—â—ne although neither he nor none other of the nobles that were of that conspiracie would agrée to flée but running among the enimies were slâ—in in the middest of them Thus the rebellion of Cateline which had almost brought the Cittie to vtter destruction was dissolued Cicero y before was only notable for his eloquence nowe also both for worde and deede was extolled and playnly appeared the preseruer of his perishing countrie wherfore thankes were giuen him in the whole assembly and diuerse sholutes of prayse made vnto him wheras Cato thought hym worthy the name of father of the country the people confirmed it with a cry This honorable name being giueÌ„ first to Cicero is nowe attributed also to such Emperors as be worthy For this title is not giueÌ„ to euery king with the rest of his other stile but in tyme with great ado is decreede vnto him as a perfecte 〈◊〉 mony of hys excellent vertue Caesar was chosen Liuetenant for Spaine and of hys cred 〈…〉 was staide in Rome for so much did he owe more than h◠〈◊〉 worth as they report he saide hee had neede of twoo 〈◊〉 and fiue hundred millions to haue nothing yet agreeing 〈◊〉 hys creditours as well as he could he went into Spâ—â—â—e where he did not deale wyth Citie matters or by sessions take order for their causes thinking that nothing serued hys purpose bâ—â— thered men and in tyme subdued all the rest of Spaâ—â—â— til hee had brought it subiect and tributarie to the Romaines He sent muche money to the common treasure of Rome wheresore the Senate graunted him a triumphe he made preparation of a great shew in the suburbs of Rome The tyme of election of newe Consulls was come and he that stode for the office must be present and if he were once entred he could not returne agayne to make triumphs He being very desirous of the Consulship and not yet ready for the triumph sente to the Senate and desired he might aske the office by his friends in his absence although it were against the Lawe But Cato spake againste it so as the lasâ—e day of the election was spent in reasoning Wherefore Caesar set aside the triuÌ„ph and came running to the election desired the office At thys time Pompey was in great power and glory for his victory againste Methridates he required that many things which be had graunted to Kings Princes and other estates might hee confirmed by acte of Parliament The
violence or by gentlenesse There was â—â—éeing and renning away from euery place with muche feare and remouing without reason and lamente not yet knowing what the truth was supposing that Caesar was come to inuade with all his might and power Which when the Consuls heard not suffering Pompey to take the stayed way of warre according to his skilfulnesse in the same forced him to goâ— about Italie and make men as the Citie should by and by haue bin taken The other Senatoures hearing of Caesars suddaine approche beyonde all opinion were afraide bycause they were not yet prepared and with griefe repented they had not accepted Caesars offers which then they thoughte reasonable Many Monsters and tokens from heauen did afray them God sente downe rayne of bloud Images did sweate lightnings fell vpon manye Temples a Bule broughte forthe many other fearefull tokens did foreshew the ouerthrow and mutation of the common state Supplications were commaunded as in common calamities The people remembring the times of Siâ—la and Marius crâ—ed cut that Caesar and Pompey should giue ouer their powers as the only way to ceasse warre Ciceâ—â— sent to Caesar for reconciliation but the Consuls were againste euery thing and Fauonius iested at Pompey for a word he once spake that at his call he woulde strike the earthe with his foote and fetche forthe an army You shall haue it quoth he if you wyll followe â—â—â— and thinke it no griefe to leaue Rome and after Rome Italie to if néede be for places and houses be not strength and libertie but men wheresoeuer they be beare these with them and when you haue reuenged youre selues you shall haue houses ynough This spake Pompey as it were threatning them that would tarry and sticke to leaue their lands for the leue of their Countrey And streyght hée wente out of the Senate house and Citie too and tooke hys iourney to Capua to the armye there and the Consuls followed him Other tarried wyth greate doubte and kepte that nyghte togyther in the Senate house but when daye was come the most parte went out and followed Pompey Caesar followed Domitius at Corfinio who was sent to be his suâ—â—essoure hauyng not aboue foure thousande and beséeged him And they of the Citie perceyuing that Domitius woulde flée away kepte the gates and tooke hym and broughte him to Caesas He curteously receyued the army yéeldyng vnto hym that other myghte bée encouraged to the same and suffered Domitius vntouched wyth all hys money and substance to goe where he would thynkyng for that gentlenesse he woulde haue tarryed wyth hym and was not againste hym to goe to Pompey These thyngs béeyng thus done of the suddayne Pompey wente from Capua to Brunduse to passe the Ionian Seas to Epirus to make hys prouision for warre there he wrote to all nations Lieutenants Princes Kyngs and Cities euerye one with all the spéede they coulde to contribute to thys warre These were dispatched with spéede Pompeys owne army was in Spaine béeyng ready for the march when occasion shoulde call them Of the Legions that Pompey had himselfe he deliuered to the Consuls to leade from Brunduse to Epirus and they streyght sayled safe to Dirrachium whiche Towne some men of this ignorance thynketh to be Epidâ—â—nus A Barbarian Kyng called Epidamnus buylded a Citie at this Sea and of hiâ—selfe called it Epidamnus hys nephewe by hys daughter supposed to bée Neptâ—â—es sonne buylded a porte to that Citie and called â—â— Dirrâ—â— chium The bréethren of Dirrachâ—s made warre vpon hâ—m and Hercules commyng from the I le Erithea ioyned with him for parte of the lande wherevppon the Durachians as coperâ—â—oneâ— of theyr Countrey accompte hym the founder of it not denying Dirrachos but more desirous of Hercules bycause he was a God. They saye further that in thys fyghte Ionius sonne to Dirrachos was slayne of Hercules by chance and that Hercules buryed hys body and threwe it into the Sea that it myghte beare the name of him In processe of time certaine Phrigians gote the Citie and Countrey and after them a people of Illiria called Taâ—lantines after whome another people of Illiria called Liburnians wyth their swift Shyppes dyd spoyle theyr néerest neighboures and of thys it is thought the Romaines did call theyr swift Ships Liburnius wherewyth they gyue their fyrste onset in fighte by Sea. They that were driuen from Dirrachio by the Liburnians gote helpe of the Coâ—cireanes valiante men by sea and expulsed the Liburnians and so the Corcirianes makyng a mixt inhabitance it is taken to be a Greeke porte and they changyng the name as vnlucky called it Epidâ—mus by the name of the old Citie Thucidides doth name it so yet this name hath preuayled and it is called Dirrachium The Consuls and their company came to thys Citie Pompey abode at Brunduse and gathered togither the rest of the army He tarried for the Shippes that carried the Consuls He made the Towne strong to kéepe Caesar from the walles and in the euening tyde sayled with hys company leauyng the boâ—â—est Souldyers to defende the Towne the whyche also in the nyghte sayled ouer wyth gâ—â—â— winde Thus Pompey with all his armye lefte Italy and sayled into â—piro Casar stoode in doubt whyche way to turne him where to begyn the warre seeyng well that all the force on euery syde flowed to Pompey He feared the army that Pompey had in Spaine very great and expert least whiles he followed his fléeing enimie they should beset him on the backehalfe therefore he thoughte it best to trye the fielde first with these in Iberia He deuided his power in fyue partes some he lefte at Brunduse some at Hidrunto and some at Tarento as garrisons for Italy Other he sente with Quintus Valerius to get Sardinia an I le plentiful of Corne and he gote it Asinius Pollio he sente into Cicelie where Cato was Lieutenant who asked hym whether he had authoritie from the Senate or the people to enter violently into another mans prouince he aunswered that he that was Lord of Italy had sente him Cato aunswered agayne that bycause he would spare the inhabitance he woulde deferre the reuenge till another time and so sayled into Corcyra to Pompey Caesar came to Rome and comforted the people with hope and promises being stricken with the feare and memorie of Sylla and Marius euill times He said further that he woulde vse curtesie to his enimies As when he had taken Lucius Domitius he let him go with all his money vnhurt He brake the lockes of the common treasure and threatned death to Metellus the Tribune that would haue resisted him and tooke away the money that no man durâ—â— touch being layd vp there against the inuasions of France with publike execratioÌ„ to them that did stirre or remoue it vnlesse for the warre of Celtica Caesar sayd I haue ouercome those Frenche Celâ—es and haue deliuered the
toke shippe at night and sayled forth not shewing whether only commaunding the captaines in the night to follow the light of his shippe and in the day the flag of the same to the maister whereof he commaunded after he had sayled a good way to set his course toward Alexandria and so being thrée days vpon the sea he came thither In thys place he was wel receiued of the kings officers the king being yet at mount Gassius Caesar at his comming pretended to haue nothing ado bycause of his fewe men but went about the Citie to beholde the beauty therof stood and heard the Philosophers disputations wherby he wanne muche loue and good fauour of the Alexandâ—â—â—â—s being among them as one hauing nothing to do But when his army was come hée layde handes vppon Photinus and 〈…〉 and put them to death for the wickednesse done to Pompey Therdotus fled into Asia whome Cassius founde there and caused to be hanged The Alexandrians were offended herewith and sette vppon him with the kings army that was there and made many fights with hym about the kings Palaice and at the sea banke where Caesar was driuen to take the sea and to swimme a good way The Alexandrians tooke hys cloake and bare it vp as a token of victory His last battell was wyth the Kyng hymselfe at the floude Nilus where he ouercame him and restored the kingdome to Cleopatra after he had bin nine moneths there Then he sayled vppon Nilus with foure hundred shippes in company of Cleopatra for whose pleasure he did many things all the whiche be particularly tolde in my booke of Egiptian matters He could not abide to behold Pompeys heade that was brought vnto him but commanded it to be buryed he also builded a little Temple before the Citie which was called the Temple of Reuengement the which in my tyme when Traiane the Emperoure did make warre against the Jewes was pulled downe of them to serue some turne in the warre When Caesar had done these things in Alexandria he wente wyth hys army thoroughe Syrta againste Pharnace who had bin very busy and taken diuerse of the Romaine Prouinces and gotten one victory of Domitius lieutenante to Caesar by the which growing stoute he tooke Amyso a Citie of Pontus allied to the Romaines all the people whereof he solde as slaues and made their children Enuchs but when Caesar came he fled as farre as he coulde and sent to Caesar for peace by hys Ambassadors who brought him a crowne of golde and offered foolishlye the Kyngs daughter in marryage to hym He perceyuing their presentes and messages wente on wyth his army entertayning the Kings Ambassadors with ordinary talke till they came nighe where he was encamped and then he said shall not this murtherer of his father bée yet killed then he leaped on horse And at the first charge Pharnace fled awaye and Caesar ouerthrewe the moste parte with a thousand horsemen that with the firste did kéepe in chase with hym At thys Caesar saide with a loude voice O happy Pompey that haddest to do with such meÌ„ of war as Mithridates this mans father was therby both to be thought and called Great Of this fight hée sent thus to Rome I came I sawe I conquered Pharnace was content to go to the kingdome of Bosphorus which Caesar appoynted him Caesar spent no time in trifles so many battels yet remayning behinde he went into Asia and by the waye gathered money of the Cities that were troubled wyth them that tooke paymentes of the Tributes as we haue shewed in our booke of Asia Now word was brought hym that there was sedition raysed in Rome and that Antony his lieutenaÌ„t did kéep the common place wyth an army Therefore setting all thinges aside hée made haste to Rome Whither when he was come all ciuill discorde ceassed but another began among his souldiours bycause they had not yet neyther receiued the promise made for theyr seruice at Pharsalo nor that it was reasoÌ„ that they shoulde be still kept in war therfore they cried euery man to go home He had promised theÌ„ rewards at Pharsalo and other rewardes when the war of Libya should be ended Therfore he sent them a thousand drammes apéece with a promise of more They bad him promise no more but pay al out of hand And it lacked but little that they had not killed Crispus Salustius had he not shifted away When Caesar hearde this he commanded the legion that Antony had for the guarde of the Citie to kéepe aboute his house the entry of the Citie fearing spoile and hée verye boldly all men fearing and diswading him from the rage of the souldiors went among them as they were in mutinie in the field of Mars and not being perceyued was set in the high seate They confusedly and with tumulte came running vnarmed as the maner is to salute the Generall when he commeth firste among them he commaunded theÌ„ that if they had any thing to say there touching the gifts they shoulde speake it before his face whiles hee was present they durste not speake a word for feare but taking a meane way cryed to be released of the war hoping bycause â—e had néede of men to finish the rest of his wars he would haue saide somewhat of the giftes But he contrarie to all opinion without any stay answered I discharge you They being astâ—med hereat and standing in a great silence he saide againe And I wil giue you all that I haue promised you when I shall triumphe â—â— the rest This word vnlooked for appearing so curteous did strike in them suche a consideratioÌ„ with an emulation that they thoughte it a shame to forsake their Capitaine in the middes of his enimies and that others shoulde triumph in their places They remembred what losse they should haue by leauing the warre in Libya and be thought enimies aswell to Caesar as to hys aduersaries for this doubt they remained silent in feare hoping yet that Caesar woulde haue giuen them rewarde and forgyuen them the faulte for hys present néede but he sate as silent as they Therefore hys friends wished him to say somwhat vnto them not to leaue them that so oft had serued hym with so shorte seuere a spéech He began to speake call theÌ„ Citizens in stead of souldiers which was a token they were discharged of y war become in their former priuate case This they could not suffer but cryed that they did repent and prayed they mighte be taken to the war Caesar refused it and came from the seate Then they made greater instaunce beséeching hym that if they hadde done amisse to punishe them he stayed a while neither going forward nor backewarde séeming to doubt what to do yet hée returned and sayde hée woulde punishe none of them but that it grieued him that the tenth legion whiche he had alwaies loued and
Citie and of Antony the Consull leaste he would vse the people only leauing the Senate and worke them some displeasure being thus bestad they wente to the Capitoll with the swordeplayers where consulting what was best to be done it seemed good to giue a largesse to the people hoping that if some beganne to prayse their act the other wold folow for loue of liberty and the desire of common wealth for they thoughte y people of Rome to be as sincere now as they had heard it was when olde Brutus expelled the Kings not vnderstanding that they loked for two things contrarye in themselues that they that loue libertie and would be corrupted should be profitable to them at this present wherof the one was more easie to be had as in a state for the most part corrupted for now the people was mirt with strangers a libertyne was equal with a Citizen the fashion of a seruant like to the maisters for y Senate ercept the rest was indiffereÌ„t to the seruantes Further y distribution of corne which was vsed only in Rome to be giuen to y poore had brought that idle néedie vacabonds of Italy to Rome Again a nuÌ„ber of olde worne souldiers out of wages were not deuided into their couÌ„tries as they wer wont seuerally bicause some had serued in vniust wars but would go into coÌ„mon habitations take other mens land houses remayning togither in teÌ„ples coÌ„mon places vnder one baÌ„ner one chiefe that might apoint theÌ„ a prouince selling away their own to be the more redy to go they were sone bought for reward Therfore it was not hard for Cassius to gather a nuÌ„ber of such men bring them into the coÌ„mon place albeit they were hired yet durst they not prayse that was done for feare of Caesars glory others deuotion but for the coÌ„mon welth sake they cried for peace earnestly exhorted the rulers vnto it for thys was the deuise of the kyllers to worke theyr owne safetye And there coulde bée no peace vnlesse there were a forgetting standyng in these termes Cynna a Pretor and a kinsemanne by maryage to Caesar beyonde all opinion came among them hauing on hys vesture of office which he threw of as giuen him of a Tiran and called Caesar the Tiranne and them that kylled hym killers of a Tiranne and praysed the facte as moste like to their progenitours and that those men were to be called from the Capitoll and to be honoured with dew rewardes This Cinna sayde but they séeing the vncorrupted people was not myxte wyth them did not call them from the Capitol nor did anye thing else but onely exhorted to peace Then Dolabella a yong man and a noble appointed to be Consull after Caesar had ben gone for the reste of the yeare hauing on the garment of a Consul and the Maces of his office was the second that spake euill and pretended he was priuie to the deuise and only sorte that his hand was not at the doing of it and as some saye hee decréed that that daye shoulde be honoured as the byrth day of the Citie Then the hyred men toke harte when they saw both a Pretor and a Consul to forgiue them they called Cassius and the rest out of the Temple who were glad of Dolabella a yong noble man a Consul being most méete to match with Antony only there came downe Cassius and Marcus Brutus with his bloudy hand for they had striueÌ„ who should giue Caesâ—r moste woundes and when they were amiddest the people they spake nothing humbly but as in noble and euident things one praysed another calling the Citie now blessed attributing muche to Decimus that in so fitte a time bad serued them with swordplayers Then they stirred the people that they woulde do things worthy their auncestours whiche had expelled kings not reigning by violence as Caesar did but being chosen lawfully they also propouÌ„ded that Sextus Pompey sonne to Pompey the greate that hadde made warre agaynste Caesar for the common wealth myght be called home beyng yet in armes in Spayne againste Caesars Captaines and lykewyse Câ—setius and Marulâ—â—s that were depriued and banished by Caesar being Tribunes of the people When they hadde thus sayde they wente vppe againe to the Capitoll for they dyd not truste verye muche in that multitude Then their friendes and kinsfolke might repaire vnto them into the Temple of whom they chose the most auntient to send to Lepidus and Antony for reconciliation and regarde of libertie and to saue the Countrey from the euils that might growe vnlesse they be foreseene This much did the messengers require not praysing the thing that was done for they durst not to Caesars friends but desired to haue it borne with for the worthynesse of the doers not for hate to him but for the loue of their countrey and pitie of the Citie nowe consumed with continuall sedition of whiche one more would vtterly destroy all good men of the same and that it was not right that for any hate amongst a few they shoulde worke the publike destruction but rather that for publike commodities priuate enmities mighte be wiped away Antonius and Lepidus as I sayde minded to reuenge Caesars deathe eyther for friendships sake or for a practise betwéene them or for desire of rule and thynkyng all things would be the easier to them if such notable men might be ridde out of the way yet they feared their friendes and theyr kinsfolkes and the Senate that enclined to them and most of all Decimus whome Caesar hadde appoynted to gouerne France theyr neyghboure whereby he hadde a mighty armye Therfore they thought it best to tarry for a better occasion and deuise to gette Decimus army that was so valiant and expert with laboures neuer left Hauing this fetch Antony thus aunswered the messengers For priuate displeasure we will worke nothing but for offence and matter wherein we are all sworne to Caesar to bée kéepers of his body and defend it against violence it is requisite by our oth to follow the fact that is done and the rather to lyue with a few pure than all to be in daunger of those execrations yet for their honor that be of that opinion we will debate with you in the Senate house and take the way for the Citie that by common consent shall séeme good Thus Antony aunswered safelye They gaue thankes and departed with sure hope that al should haue gone well and that the Senate woulde haue fauoured their cause throughly â–ª Antony in the meane time caused the officers to make watche for the Citie all nighte and by turne to kéepe their seates as was wante in the daye and to haue fires ouer all the Citie by meane whereof the friends of the offendoures went to euery Senatoures house and requested them for themselues and for the Countreys common wealth There ranne abroade also the Captaynes of suche
messengers to Decimus to kepe his prouince strongly and to gather other army and money that he might resiste Antony So muche were they troubled and in anger against Antony And he contrary to the Senats minde entending to aske it of the people by lawe as Caesar once obtayned it before and as Dolabella had Syria now of late And to afraâ— y Senate he commaunded his brother Caius to transport the army of Macedonia by the Ionian Sea to Brunduse and there to doe what Antony should require Nowe was there playes to be â—hewed by â—â—itonius the ouersâ—â—r of victuals At the whiche Caesar hadde prepared a crowne and a chayre of golde for his father as in al shewes they had ordeyned so to honour him Câ—iâ—â—â—â—s sayde he woulde not admitte Caesar to be honored in the charges y be should make Wherefore Octaâ—â—iâ—n brought him before Antony the Consul Antony sayd he would put it to the Senate Whereat Octauian being offended Doe so quoth he and I will set the Chaire till thou haâ—â—e made the decree Antony was angry and forbad hym He forbadde it also in other playes after to be made and that was somewhat vnreasonable for Octauius hymselfe did exhibit it being instituted of hys father to Venus his parent to whome in the common place hee builded a Temple wyth a Couâ—te Of thys did manifeste hate grewe agaynste Antony of all men as thought he did not rather â—â—â—â— Octauius Caesar now thâ—n contemne the former vnthankfully Young Caesar with a muâ—â—â—tude as a guarde wente among the people and such as had bin benefited by hys father or serued hym in the wars â—â—uâ—ouslye hée besoughte them that they woulde not suffer hym thus to be so many waies despised but both reuenge Caesar their chiefetayne and benefactour so dishonoured of Antony and desenâ—e themselues who should haue none assurance vnlesse the things that he had decréed were established He went vp to euery highe place of the Citie and cried vpon Antony Be not angry with Caesar for me nor dishonor him that hath moste honoured thée O Antony and was moste affectionated to thée do me what â—nâ—ury thou wilt but saue his substaunce from spoile till the Citizens haue their parte all the reste take vnto thée It shal be sufficient for me though I be poore to be successor to hys glorye so thou wilte suffer the people â—o haue their portion After these wordes there was euident and continuall exclamation againste Antony and although he sharpelye threatned Octauius and that hys threats were openly known yet did they the more sâ—irre at it Wherfore the chiefe of the Capitains that serued in Antonies guard in great estunation wyth hym and had bin before with Caesar desired him he woulde leaue his dispight as well for their cause as for his own hauing serued vnder Caesar and receyued so many good turnes of him Which things Antony consideryng and confessing them to be true and halfe ashamed they shoulde be layde vpon hym and nowe shoulde haue néede of Octauians helpe for the prouince of France he beganne at lengthe to bée quiet and to shewe that some thyngs were doone againste hys wyll But bycause the young manne was so hawtie at those yeares hée dydde reuoke certaine thynges for that he hadde no regarde nor reuerence to the Capitaines and olde officers yet for theyr sakes he woulde reframe hys anger and returne to his olde conditions if hée also woulde leaue hys insolent behauiour The Captaines being gladde of this brought them togither when they had declared their griefs they set them at one Now was the law called vppon for France the Senate being against it and entending to prohibite it if Antony woulde propounde it to them and if hée didde not but require it of the people they woulde set the Tribunes to be againsteit and some there were that woulde haue it frée from al Lieutenants ouer that nation so muche afraide were they of it Antony did obiect vnto them that they would truste Decimus with it that was one of Caesars killers and distruste hym that did not kill hym that wanne that prouince and made it fall to his knées casting forth openly against them al as though they had bin desirous of that was doone to Caesar The courte daye being come the Senate willed the assembly of the companyes to be gathered and in the night they sette vppe Tentes in the common place and called a bande of Souldioures to desende them from all happes The people being offended laboured for Antony by the helpe of Octauiâ— that sate among the Tentes who entreated for hym for hée was very much afraid least Decimus shoulde be Gouernoure of a Prouince of suche importaunce and an armye so greate béeyng one that hadde kylled hys father and for thys cause hée beganne to fauoure Antonie wyth whome he was reconciled trusting to gette some good at hys hande The Tribunes being corrupted of Antony and keping silence the lawe tooke place and the armye being nowe at the sea was for reasonable consideration assigned to Antonie One of the Tribunes being dead Octauius much fauoured Flaminius against the next election and bycause the people thought himselfe woulde haue the office but refused to aske it bycause of his yong yeares they determined neuerthelesse at the election to make him Tribune The Senate had enuy at his encrease were afraide if he were Tribune he would accuse his fathers killers to the people And Antonie not regarding to breake friendship with Octauius whither it were to please the Senate and to quiet their minds for the late lawe made for hys Prouince or for their sakes that shoulde go to inhabite as Consull hée decréed that Caesar shoulde deale with no man but lawfullye otherwise he woulde further by al means his auctoritie against hym Thys declaration beyng vnpleasaunte to Caesar and contumelious bothe to hym and the people they were angrye and entended to make stirre at the election and to affraye Antonie and by the helpe of the other Tribunes to reuoke the decrée Octauius Casar as one euidently deceyued sente manye to the Citties that hys father made for to inhabite to shew them how hée was vsed and to knowe their minds therin He sent some also as cariers of victual into Antonies campe to mingle among them chiefelye to deale wyth the boldest of them and among the reste to scatter libells and thus hée dydde The Capitaines and chiefe men with Antony finding time conuenient saide thus vnto him Wée O Antonie that wyth thée haue serued Caesar and gaue to hym chiefe aucthoritie and till this daye haue remayned as assured seruauntes of it haue knowne that hys killers and the Senate fauouring them didde as muche hate and séeke to dispatch vs But when the people did disturbe them we were encouraged agayne bycause wée sawe that Caesar was not forgotten lacked no friendes nor destitute of fauoure yet did wee put
the bringers of this gifte he sentâ— secretiye some afore to afraye them whereby they wyth their money fledde awaye When the report of his comming was at Rome great was the trouble and tumulte running hyther and thyther to sende their wiues and children and to carye their chiefe substaunce eyther into the countrey or so the strongest parts of the Citie For it was not throughly known whyther he came onlye to aske the Consulshippe But when they heard that he came as an ennimy wyth an angry armye they were afrayde of al hands The Senate was greatly stroken that they had no power sufficient and as in suche feare happeneth one of them accesed an other some bycause they tooke awaye the army from Antony wyth suche dispight some bycause they had suspition of the Triumphe whiche was but right some for hatred and diuision of the money some bycause he was not appointed the eleuenth manne in the distribution some bycause the rewards were not giueÌ„ neither soone ynough nor ful ynough sayd the army was become their enimy â–ª blamed this contention so much out of season Brutus and Cassius being so farre off and Antonius and Lepidus their ennimies so nygh whome perceyuing to be redy to agrée wyth Caesar made the feare to grow the greater Cicero that before was the great styrrer did nowe no where appeare In euerie manne was maruellous mutation in euerye matter and for the two thousande and fiue hundred drams that shoulde be giuen to two legions to giue fiue thousande drammes to eight legions and in stéede of tenne men to make Caesar the distributour alone and to graunte hym to aske the Consulshippe in his absence Ambassadours went in haste tâ— make thys message with diligence who were not out of the towne before the Senate repented them as they that ougâ—â—â— not so cowardly to be troubled nor to receiue another â—â—ran without bloudshed and that it was not the vse to aske the Consulship by force nor that Captaynes shoulde rule the Countrey at their pleasure and that they in the Citie shoulde arme themselues and alleage the lawes againste them that came to inuade the Countrey and if they woulde néedes procéede rather to suffer the séege till Decimus and Plancus myghte come and better to defend themselues to death than willingly to receyue seruitude without redresse They recyted the olde examples of the Romanes in sufferance and Counsell for their libertie whiche they woulde in no wise giue ouer And when the two legions called from Libya dyd that day arriue at the porte they thoughte that the Gods did exhort them to mainteyne their libertie and repenting now themselues they woulde reuoke all that they had done Cicero now appearing among them Therefore all men that were of age were appoynted to serue The two Legions that came from Libya and wyth them a thousande Horse and one Legion that Pansa lefte them were putte togither all the whiche was deuided One parte kepte the hyll Ianiculo where all theyr money lay Another kepte the passage of the floud by the officers of the Citie deuiding themselues and some hadde broughte their moneys to the porte in Shippes and boates that if they were ouercome they myght escape by Sea. Thus they dyd with greate boldnesse and spéede trustyng thereby to affray Caesar or to moue hym without his army to aske the Consulshippe of them or manfully to defende themselues and that the state myghte change to contrarie fortune whyles they did fyght for their libertie Caesars mother and his sister they coulde not fynde neyther by priuie nor open search wherefore they made a greate stirre béeyng spoyled of so great pledges and thoughte that the Caesarians did not encline to them bycause they had so surely hid them from them Some of the messengers remayning yet wyth Caesar the contrarye determination was tolde him wherefore they departed from him with shame he with the armye béeyng the rather styrred came forwarde wyth greate hast fearing the women myghte take hurte And to the people that was in tumulte he sente hys Horsemen afore willing them no more to bée afrayde whereat euery man reioysing he tooke the places aboue Mount Quirinale no man daryng to encounter or resiste hym Wherefore an other maruelous mutation was séene of the sodayne So many noble menne that wente vnto hym and receyued hym the common people folowyng and vsing the Souldiours in battayle raye as men quiet in peace hée leauyng hys armye in that place the nexte daye came into the Cittie with a sufficient Garde aboute hym they of the Cittie mette wyth hym all the waye on euery side and saluted hym omittyng no parte of humanitie nor humble seruice His Mother and hys Sister from the Temple of Vestae wyth the holy Nunnes ranne out to embrace hym The thrée legions dispising theyr Capitaynes sente Embassadours vnto him to yéelde themselfe Cornutus one of theyr chiefe Capitaynes killed hymselfe the other trusted to hys promisse and fayth Cicero hearyng of these promyses practysed to come before hym by hys friendes whiche beyng done he excused hymselfe and extolled the perswasion that hée had vsed to the Senate for hys Consulshippe he answeared onely with a taunt that he was the laste of hys friendes that came vnto him In the nyghte a sodayne rumour was raysed that twoo legions of Caesars the Martiall and the fourth were reuolted to the Cittie as grieued they should be brought to betraye their countrey The officers and the Senate gaue fayth vnto the rumour very lightly and though the other army was at hand they thought with these menne so valiant they might resist the reste of Caesars hoste till more power mighte come to them from other place And in the nyghte to be sure they sente Acilius Crassus into Picena to gather an armye and they commaunded one Apuleius a Tribune to runne to the people wyth thys ioyful tydings and the Senate that night came to the Counsell â–ª Cicero standing at the dore and receyuing them with greate ioye and gladnesse and when it was knowne it was but a false rumor he fledde his waye in a waggon Caesar laughing at them broughte his armye nygher the Citie to the place called the fielde of Mars He hurt none of the officers not so much as Crassus that was posting into Picene althoughe hee was broughte vnto hym in a seruile habite but spared all to the opinion of hys humanitie albeit not long after he put them to death The common treasure founde in Ianiculo or in any other place be commaunded to be brought togither and al that was afore appointed by Cicero he distributed to his army two thousande and fiue hundred drammes to euery man the residue he promised to giue them When he had done this he retyred from the Citie till the election of the Consuls when he was chosen and with him Q. Pedius as he desired who had left a portion
souldioures to coÌ„tend who should do fastest And though at the beginning it séemed he went about a tedious and frutelesse worke yet in the end he brought it to passe very quickly contrary to the Zanthians opinion whiche thoughte it woulde haue bin many monethes in doing or not done at all But nowe they are shutte vp and driuen within their gates with a greate change He gaue dayly assaultes at the gates euer changing his men They resisted and put freshe and sounde men in the place of the wéery and wounded so long as their fortes helde but when they were beaten downe and all broken Brutus thinking what woulde follow commaunded his souldioures to retire from the gates The Zanthians thinking that to bée done by negligence issued out in the nighte with lightes to burne the Romanes engines who being encountred of the Romanes that laye for them retired to the gates the kéepers whereof fearing the enimie should enter also shutte them out whereof did followe a greate slaughter before the gates Not long after the Romanes goyng backe againe the Citizens came out and fired the engines and bycause of the former losse the gates were opened to them at whose goyng in two thousand Romanes thrust in with them and more followed at the which entrie the gates fell downe eyther suddaynely or of purpose the matter failing that held them vp The Romanes were eyther killed or shut in The gates could not be opened nor without some engine be remoued The Zanthians threw vpon them in the stréetes from aboue They hauing neyther bowe nor arrowes gote into a straight place called Sarpedono that they should not vtterly be besette aboute The Romanes that were withoute were carefull for them within and Brutus ranne among them to sée that all help mighte be assayed At the gates barred with yron they could not get in their scales and Towers being burned Wherefore some made scalyng ladders presently and wente vp vppon timber as vpon ladders some tyed forkes to ropes and threwe them to fasten on the wall and climbed vp by coardes The Oâ—nandians theyr neyghboures and enimies and confederate with Brutus gate vp ouer the rocky places whiche when the Romanes saw they followed with great laboure whereby many fell and some that gote ouer went to opeÌ„ the gates and layd timber so thicke that they mighte come ouer whiche they did And being now many they brake the gate not being very stroÌ„g both they within and without helping to it and the Souldioures entred in verye boldly both at the broken gate and ouer the wall vpon the way made with timber so as there was thrusting in on euery side The Zanthians with greate shoutes set vpon the Romanes that were in Sarpedono The Romanes at the gates carefull for them both within and without vsed all violence to make way and as caried with a furie they bare all downe afore them making suche bast and noyse as they mighte know within it God working a change for them And this was at the setting of the Sunne The Citie being thus taken the Zanthians wente into theyr houses and burned their most precious things and wilfully offered their throtes to be cutte The lamentation was so greate that Brutus fearing the spoyle called his Souldiours backe by a Trumpet and when he knewe what was done he pitied the state of them for their liberties sake and sent a truce vnto them They repelling them that brought it and bringing all they had to stackes that they hadde made in their houses set the same on fire and burned themselues therewith Brutus saued all the sacred things and only tooke the Seruants of the Xanthians and an hundred and fifty women frée and wythout husband Thus thrée times the Zanthians perished for their libertie being beséeged of Arpalus Lieutenant of Cyrus the great They killed themselues rather thaÌ„ they would be slaues and the Citie was by him lefte to be their graue And they say they suffered the like of Alexander Philips sonne and coulde not abyde to obey Alexander though he were a Lord of so many landes Brutus wente from Xantho to Patarea a Citie for affayres of the Sea like vnto it and bringing his army about the citie he commaunded them to be obediente vnlesse they woulde suffer as the Xanthians had done Some of the Xanthians were come vnto them bewayling theyr misfortune and counselling them to sée better to themselues The Patareanes aunswering nothing to the Xanthians spent the rest of the day in consultation Daye béeyng come and Brutus approchyng they cryed froÌ„ the walles that they woulde obey hym in anye thyng he would and opened theyr gates He entred neyther killing nor spoyling any man only theyr golde and siluer that was the Cities he gathered togyther commaundyng euery maÌ„ to bryng in hys priuate goodes vpon those paynes that Cassius had sette vpon the Rhodians And they dyd so A Seruaunt dyd accuse hys maister for hydyng of money and shewed a Capitayne that was sente where the golde was All béeyng carryed away the maister held his peace but hys mother wylling to saue hyr sonne cryed that she hadde hydde the money The Seruaunte not required to speake affirmed she sayde not true and that he hadde hidde it whereat Brutus pitying the yong man in silence and the mother in passion sente them away vnhurte with the money they brought and hanged the Seruante that woulde haue betrayed hys maister Lentulus at this time being sent to Andriaca a notable porte for the Nauies of the Myreans brake the cheyne of the Port and went into the Citie They obeyed hys commaundementes and deliuered him their money whych he carryed to Brutus The Lycians sente to Brutus that they woulde obey hym and ayde hym to theyr power He putte a tribute vpon them and gaue the frée men of the Xanthians to that Citie He commaunded the Nauie of Lycia to sayle wyth the rest to Abâ—â—o from whence he led his footemen aboâ—e Cassius coÌ„ming froÌ„ Ionia to goe togither to Seftus Murcus saylyng aboute Peloponeso vnderstoode that Cleopatra had a wracke by tempest aboute Libya and that hir scattered Nauye was blowen to Laconica and that she was so sicke as vnneth she coulde gette home agayne And that he shoulde not séeme to bryng out so greate a companye in vayne he sayled towarde Brunduse and tooke the I le nexte the Port and kepte the rest of the enimies army and theyr victuals from Macedonia Antonie came agaynste hym with those fewe long Shippes that he hadde and at the nygh places annoyed hym wyth the Towers he hadde made He sente hys armye by partes in greate Shyppes obseruyng the wynde from the lande that they shoulde not bée intercepte of Murcus and béeyng in some doubte he called for Caesar that was in the coast of Sicelie to matche with Sextus Pompey Whyche matters wente after this sorte Pompey was the yonger sonne of Pompey the greate béeing
of hande and other beside these to the beste sorte for many considerations And as they receyued they sente them foorth in bandes to Dorisco and they folowed not long after At thys tyme twoo Eagles sate vpon the twoo siluer Egles in the standerde beatyng at them or as some say coueryng them and tarried still and were fedde with publique prouision appoynted from the Generalles and the night before the day of the battell they flewe away In two dayes coÌ„myng to the gulfe of Melana they went to Oeno and from Oeno to Dorisco and other places to the mounte Serrio which stretchyng to the sea they kepte stil by lande They commaunded Tullius Cymbrus with a nauie and one legion and certayne Archers to goe by that chast which before had bin deserte although the land was good the Thracians neyther vsing the Sea nor for feare receyuing them that came from the contrary coast The Grecians and the Calcidonians kéeping that shoâ—e and vsing the Sea flourished in Merchaundise and tyllage the Thracians agréeyng with them for the receypt of their Mountaynes till Philip Amyntas sonne did ouercome the Chaldeans and others so as nothing is to be seene of the passengers but onely a little Chappell This desert place Tullius quickly passed ouer so as for Brutus company he espyed a fitte place and measured it for the Campe kéeping that same course with his Shippes in so much as Norbanus lefte the streight of the Saporians as vnprofitable to bée kept which things happened as they desired for at the sighte of these Shippes Norbanus was troubled of Saporia and called Ceditius from Turpilio to come to hym in hast and he did so The streightes of Turpilio being left Brutus men wente on the deceyte appearing Norbanus and Ceditius toke Sapeio manfully so as Brutus people could not passe â–ª wherfore they were afrayde least they must now goe aboute as they shoulde haue done at the begynning and to passe euery place besette not hauing time conuenient for it bycause of the Mountaines and the season of the yeare Standing in this stay Rascopolis sayde vnto them there was a way by a compasse to the Mountayne of the Sapeorans of thrée dayes iourney neuer gone of men before for the sharp Rockes want of water and thicknesse of wodde therefore if they woulde goe it they must carrie water and passe a streight way yet passable and this iourney for the solitarinesse the very birdes could not discouer The fourth day they should haue the floud Arpesso running into the floud Ermoâ— from whence in one day going to Philip they mighte sette on their enimies of the suddayne whome they might so ouercome bycaâ—se they had none other shift The Souldioures being taughte thys way for lacke of other and in hope to take their enimies at the aduantage a part was sente with Lucius Bibulus appoynting Rascopolis to guide the waye With greate payne and laboure they wente on and made it yet with courage and good hearte the rather bycause same that were sent afore returned and sayde they sawe a floude a farre off The fourth daye being tyred wyth the sharpenesse of the iourney and troubled wyth thyrst their water béeing spente whiche they braughte for thrée â—ayes bycause it was sayde there was no water they beganne to feare least they were deceyued not that they dyd not beléeue them that sayde they sawe the floude but bycause they thoughte they were ledde a wrong way and therefore beganne to exclayme and crye and when Rascopolâ— came to them to encourage them they reuiled him and threw stones at hym Bibulus humbly besought them that they woulde paciently abyde the rest of the iourney A little before nyghte the floude was séene of the formost and streyght an eskrie was made as reason was with greate gladnesse whyche béeyng receyued of them that followed if came to the hyndermost Brutus and Cassius vnderstandyng this ledde the rest of theyâ— armie thys harde way but the crie was so greate as it was hearde of the enimies whereby they coulde not preuente them for Rascus brother to Rascopolu hearyng the crie suspected it was the enimie and maruelled so greate an armye coulde passe so harde a iourney voyde of water whyche scarcely was passable to the wylde beastes for the hyghnesse of the woodes and hée streyghte tolde Nâ—â— banus of it who fledde from the streyghtes to Amphipoli Thus both these Thracian bréethren holpe theyr armyes the one in leadyng an vnknowen way the other in descrying what was done So Bâ—utus Souldyours with maruellous boldnesse came to Philippi whyther also arriued Tullius so as all the army mette Thys Citie Philippi was called before Date and fyrste Crenida bycause many fountaynes which in Greeke bée called Crene do flowe from the Mountaynes This place very fytte for the Thracians Philip walled aboute and called it of hys name Philippi This Citie is builded vpoÌ„ an hygh hyll the greatnesse whereof comprised the breadth of the same On the North side it hathe wooddes and hylles by the whyche Rascopolu brought Brutus and Cassius army On the South side is a Fenne and beyonde that a Sea where from the East the streyghtes of Sapeon and Torpilos bee séene from the Weast a large fielde as farre as Murcinae and Drabisco and the floud Strameno three hundred and fifty furlongs about very plentifull and fayre where they saye it chanced a mayde was rauished as she gathered floures There is the floud Zygastes in the whych as they report a God brake his Chariot as he passed ouer whereof the floud had the name The playne bendeth downeward so as it is a receypte to them that marche from aboue from Philippi againste them that sette from Amphipolu There is another hyll at Philippi not greate whome they call Dionisio in the which be mynes of golde called vntouchable And goyng from Philippi a myle and more there be two other hylles standing two mile from Philippi and more asunder In these dyd they encampe Cassius towarde the South and Brutus towarde the North not myndyng to followe Norbanus bycause they hearde that Antony was at hand Caesar remaining at Epidamnum for sicknesse The fielde was knowen to bée fayre for a battayle and the hylles for a Campe and aboute it on the one syde Fennes and waters to Strymo and on the other side streightes desertes and vnpassed pathes In the middest of the hylles a myle ouer was the way betwéene Asia and Europe as a gate Thys place they fortifyed with trenche to trench leauing a gate in the middest that it séemed but one â—â—â—pe There was a floude nygh whyche some call Ganga and some Gangites And behynde that the Sea by the whyche they hadde theyr prouiston with passage and entrie They had made Thasus the â—â—orehouse of their prouiâ—ion being â—ij â—â—â—â— off wyth their Gallyes had passage to Nea a Citie â—â—xe myle from them and they ioyning in this
Italy but vpon the trust of Antonie Not only trusting vppon Antonie but sente of hym sayde Cocceius for I will not dissemble and he shall 〈◊〉 the reste of Italie being voyde of Nauie if you make not peace Caesar not vnwillyng to heare this diuise stayde a whyle Pompey shal be punished whelynow quoth he being already repulsed froÌ„ Thuriji Than Cocceius perceyuing all the controuersie tolde hym that Fului â–ª was dead for unkindnesse of Antonie and nowe that shée is gone there is no way but to vtter one an others gréefe without dissimulation Caesar beyng appeased by this talke receyued Cocceius who requested him to wryte somewhat to Antonie as the yonger to the elder He denied to wryte any thing to his enimie that woulde write nothing to him He also thought vnkindnesse in Antonies mother that beyng of his he use fledde out of Italie and would not séeke to hym of whome she might haue obtayned any thing as of hir Sonne and to hir â—ee was content to wryte When Cocceius came foorth many of the Capitaynes declared the mindes of the Souldiours that except they woulde be reconciled warre should be made Which hée tolde Antonie and wished him to couÌ„termaund Pompey from furder inuasion of Italie and to sende Aenobarbus away till they were agréed Iulia his mother ioyned with Cocceius and prayed hir sonne so to doe Antonie stoode in doubte for if the peace did not take he muste desire Pompeis helpe agayne the whiche woulde be a shame for hym but his mother putting him in comfort 〈◊〉 séeming to knowe more Antony gaue place and required Pompey to returne into Sicelie and he would kéepe promise with him and sent Aenobarbus with authoritie into Bythinia When y army heard this then chose messengers that mighte goe to eyther generall and cutting off 〈…〉 rehearsall of vnkindnesse paste to requyre theÌ„ to linke in 〈◊〉 For this purpose of Caesars parte there was chosen â–ª 〈◊〉 and for Antonie Pollio and Cocceius was ioyned to them aâ— a fréeâ—â—e to bothe And â–ª bycause Marcellus was dead that was husband to 〈◊〉 Caesars sister they required that shée might be made sure â–ª to Antony whiche beyng done all the army cried Happy â—aâ— it 〈◊〉 continuing their reioyce one whole day a night Then Caesar and Antonie once agayne deuided the whole 〈◊〉 Empire and made Câ—dropoli a Citie of Slauonia the 〈◊〉 of bothe their partes bycause it stoode in the ende of the Adriaâ—icall sea That Caesar should haue al 〈◊〉 and Ilandes westward euen to the mayne Sea. That Antonie shoulde haue the lyke Eastwarde euen to the floud Euphrates That Lepidus should haue Africa still as Caesar had appointed That Caesar should make warre vpoÌ„ Pompey vnlesse other order were taken That Antonie shoulde make warre vpon the Parthians to reuenge the iniurie done to Crassus That Aenobarbus should be receyued into societie with those conditions that he had of Antonie That it should be lawful for both to leuie men in Italie with like numbers of legions This peace was solemnelie ratified WhervpoÌ„ they sent away their friends about their affayres Antonie sent Ventidius into Asia to represse the Parthians yong Labienus who by the help of the Parthians made new commotioÌ„s in Syria as far as Ionia all the which be shewed in the Parthians warre Pompey by his Capitayne Menodorus repulsed Helenus Casars Lieftenant out of Sardinia Wherfore Caesar would not be reconciled with him They went to Rome togither and celebrated the mariage Where Antonie put Manius to death bycause hée stirred Fuluia to make warre He accused Saluidienus gouernour for Caesar of the armie at Rhâ—danus that hée woulde forsake hys mayster and cleaue to hym whereof he wrote letters to hym to Brunduse This was not lyked of all men declaryng vnconstant dealing in too much séeking of amitie Caesar called Saluidienus vnto him as about a matter of charges and to sende him againe to the army whom when he came he slew him with reproche and deliuered his army to Antonie as suspected In the meane time the cytie was oppressed with famine â–ª for neyther durst the Merchauntes bring any corne from the East bicause of Pompeis being in Sicelie nor from the Weast of Câ—â—sica Sardinia where Pompeis shippes also lay nor froÌ„ Africa where the nauies of the other conspiratours kepte their stations Being in this distresse they alleaged that the discorde of the rulers was the cause and therefore required that peace might be made with Pompey vnto the whiche when Caesar woulde not agrée Antonie thought warre was néedefull for necessitie and bycause money waÌ„ted a decrée was made by Antonies aduise that euery maister should pay the half of .xxv. drammes for euery slaue that he had whiche was determined to bene done in the war of Cassius that somewhat also shoulde be payde of euery mans heritage The people tore the decrée with great furie obiected the consuming of treasure publike the spoylyng of prouinces the sacking of Italie and all for priuate displeasure and yet all woulde not serue but muste nowe put newe impositions vpon them that haue nothing left They assembled and murmured coÌ„pelled theÌ„ that would not and with threatnings to spoyle and burne theyr houses gathered all the people Then Caesar with a fewe of his fréends and garde came to them to excuse themselues but they threw stones and droue him away which when Antonie heard he came to help him To him comming the holy way the people did nothing bycause he was willing to agrée with Pompey but prayde him to departe which when he would not do they threw stones at him Then he brought in his soldiours that were with out the walles not about him into the citie being diuided into market places and streates wounded set vpon the multitude killed theÌ„ in the streates as they came And they could not easily flée for the multitude nor breake through by runnyng so that many were hurte and killed crying and yellyng from their houses So Antonie hadde muche ado to escape and Caesar by him was euidently preserued and got away Thus did Antonie delyuer Caesar from present perill The bodies of the commons that were killed were caste into the riuer to auoyde the griefe of the sight which came not so to passe for the Soldiours fished for them as the streame carried them and tooke from them their apparell whiche grieued the beholders Thus this euill ended with enuie of the Princes and yet no remedie for the lacke of things whereat the people grutched and suffered Antonie wished Libo hys fréendes to call him out of Sicelie to congratulate for the alliance made and he would procure greater matter and saue him harmelesse They wrote letters to Libo and Pompey was content he should goe And when he was come to the I le called Pithecusa and now Aenaria the people assembled again and praied Caesar
to send him letters of safecoÌ„duâ—t to come to treat of peace which he did although against his wil. The people also coÌ„pelled Mutia mother to Pompey to go vnto him threatning els to burne hir help to make peace When Libo perceyued how the enimies were inclined he desired to speake with the Captaines that they might togither agrée in the couenants the which the people coÌ„pelled theÌ„ with much a do so Antonie Caesar went to Baia. All other persuaded Pompey earnestly to peace only Menodorus wrote froÌ„ Sardinia that he should make open warre or dryue off whyles the dearth continued that hée might make peace with the better coÌ„ditions had him take héede of Murcus who was a mouer for peace as one that sought to be in his authoritie Wherefore Pompey put away Murcus and vsed his counsell no more whome before hée honoured for his worthinesse and wisedome whereat Murcus tooke displeasure and wente to Siracuse and to suche as were sent after him to kéepe him spake openly agaynst Pompey wherewith he beyng angrie killed diuerse of the beste aboute Murcús and sent to kill him and to say that his slaues had done it whiche beyng done he hanged certayne of Murcus slaues as though they had done it The whiche craft was not hid nor the wickednesse that he did against Bythinius a noble man and a valiant warriour and constant to him from the beginnyng his friende in Spaine from whence he came willingly to serue him in Sicelie When he was dead other men tooke in hand to persuade him to peace accused Menodorus as desicous of his office by sea not so much caring for his master as for his owne power PoÌ„pey folowyng their couÌ„sell sayled to Aenaria with many chosen ships himself being in a gorgious galley with sixe ores on a seaâ—e so did passe Dicearchia proudly towarde the euening the enimies loking vpon him The next morning stakes were set in the sea bridges made into one of y which ioyning to the laÌ„d Caesar came with Antonie â–ª Pompey and Libo entred the other bridge in such distance y one could not heare an other vnlesse they spake alowd Pompey required societie of rule in place of Lepidus They onely grauÌ„ted his return to his countrie then al was dashed Till ofteÌ„ messages wer seÌ„t betwéen offring diuerse coÌ„ditioÌ„s on both sides Pompey required that such condemned men as were with him for Caesars death might be safe in exile that the other men of honour proscribed might be restored to their countrey and goodes The dearth continuing the people vrgyng peace it was graunted that they should recouer the fourth part of their goodes as redéeming it of the new possessioners and wrote of it to the coÌ„demned men thinkyng they would accept it which tooke the offer beyng now afrayde of Pompey for his wickednesse committed agaynst Murcus to whom they went moued him to agrée He tore his cloke as betrayed of them whom he had defended and oft called for Menodorus as one expert in matters of slate and onely constant in faith At length by the exhortatioÌ„ of Murcia his mother Iulia his wife they thrée met agayne vpon an old péere of the sea beyng wel garded where they coÌ„cluded with these coÌ„ditions That peace shoulde be bothe by sea and lande and the Merchantes haue frée course That Pompey should take his garrisons out of Italie receiue no more fugitiues nor kéepe no nauies in Italie That he should rule in Cicelie Cersica and Sardinia and those other I landes that now he had so long as the rule should be continued to Antonie and Caesar That he should send to the people of Rome the corne that now was due That he should also rule Pelopenesus besides the former Iles. That he should exercise the office of Consul in his absence by his fréende and be admitted to the colledge of the Bishops That the noble meÌ„ that were banished might returne home except them that were condemned by publique iudgement of Caesars death That they that were fled for feare should be restored to their goodes And they that were coÌ„demned only to the fourth parte That the slaues that had serued vnder Pompey shoulde be frée That the frée men shoulde haue the same stipendes that the old Soldiours of Antonie and Caesar had These were the conditions of peace whiche beyng written were sent to Rome to be kept of the holy Virgins Then they desired the one to banquet the other and the lotte fell first to Pompey who receiued them in his greate gally ioyned to the péere The next day Caesar and Antony feasted hym in their Tentes pitched on that péere that euery man might eate on the shore but peraduenture for their more safetie for the Shippes were at hand the gard in order and the guestes with their weapons vnder their clokes It is sayd that Menodorus when they banqueted in Pompeys Shippe sente one to Pompey to put him in remembrance that nowe was the time to reuenge his father and brothers death for he would sée that none should scape the Shippe and that he aunswered as became him then for his person and place Menodorus might haue done it without me it agréeth with Menodorus to be periured false but so may not Pompey In that supper Pompeys daughter wife to Libo was espoused to Marcellus Antonyes nephew sonne to Caesars sister The next day the Consuls were appoynted for foure yeares first Antony and Libo and that Antony mighte make a substitute next Caesar and Pompey then Aenobarbus and Sosius lastly Caesar and Antony thrice Consuls and as it was hoped to restore to the people the gouernement of the common wealth These things being concluded they departed Pompey with his Shippes to Sicelie and they by land to Rome At the newes of this peace the Citie and all Italy made great ioy by the which ciuill warre continuall musters insolencie of garrisons running away of slaues wasting of Countreys decay of tillage and aboue all most greate famine was taken away therefore sacrifices were made by the way to the Princes as to preseruers of the Countrey The Citie had receyued them with a goodly triumph hadde not they entred by nighte bycause they would not charge the Citizens Onely they were not partakers of the common ioy that had the possession of the banished mens goodes who should returne by the league and be their heauie enimies The banished men a fewe except that went againe with Pompey tooke leaue of him at Puzzolo and wente to the Citie where a new ioy was 〈…〉 de for the returne of so many noble men TheÌ„ Caesar went t 〈…〉 ifye France and Antonie to make war on y Parthians And y Senate hauing approued his actes as wel past as to come he sent his Captaynes abroade did what he would He appoynted also certaine kings only such as should pay a
crye being made on eyther side there was great might shewed on both parts The Romanes couering themselues with their shields did now digge downe a corner of the Campe but the defendours put them backe with their shorte weapons and none durst enter till Basillus the Captayne of that legion firste lept in and killed him that resisted him al the army followed then flight and slaughter was made of the Barbarians of some as they went of other being driuen into a lake that was nigh and where they coulde not swimme made prayers in their Barbarian tong to the killers of them that vnderstoode them not And Archelous was hidde in a Fenne where getting boates he sayled to Chalcida and gathered togither all the rest of the Kings army with diligence Sylla the nexte daye gaue Basillus a garland and rewarded others with giftes accordingly and then spoyled Soeotia that was euer wauering And being come to Thessalia wintered and tarried for the Shyppes that Lucullus hadde And bycause he could not tell where Lucullus was he made other Shippes In this time Cornelius Cinna and Gaius Marius his enimies in Rome proclaymed him Rebell spoyling his house and his Villages and destroying his friends He notwithstanding did all thinges as with authoritie hauing an army valiant and obedient Cinna chose Flaccus for his fellow in the Consuls office and sente him into Asia with two legions in the place of Sylla that was declared an enimie to be ruler of Asia and make warre with Mithridates Flaccus being vnexpert in the warres a man of the Senate of good will and beloued of the army named Fimbria wente with him They sayling from Brunduse many of their shippes were lost by winters weather and a nauie sent of Mithridates burned their Shippes that went in espiall All the army forsooke Flaccus being a malitious couetous and cruell man and part of them that were sente into Thessaly turned to Sylla The rest Fimbria being thought of them a better Captayne and of a more gentle nature than Flaccus stayed from reuolting and chancing that there was a coÌ„tention for a lodging betwéene him a treasurer and Flaccus leauing the matter vniudged and somewhat touching the honor of Fimbria he being disoeynefull threatned to returne to Rome and Flaccus appointed a successour to him for y things that were to be done Then Fimbria wayting him as he went to Calcida first tooke the maces from Thermo whom Flaccus had made officer against him as so receyuing the charge by the coÌ„sent of the army following Flaccus with anger til he droue him into an house out of y which escaping by night he fledde first into Calcide then into Nicomedia and shut the gates But Fimbria came vpon him and killed him being crept into a pitte being Consull of the Romanes and generall of the warre where he was but a priuate maÌ„ and was come with him as his friend at his request He cut of his head and threwe it into the Sea his carcasse he cast out vnburied so making himselfe Generall he foughte diuers fightes valiantly with Mithridates his sonne and droue the K himselfe froÌ„ Pergamo whither he followed him to Pitane where he beséeged him till by shippe he fledde to Mitylene Fimbria inuading Asia punished y faction of Cappadocia and spoyled the lands of them that woulde not receyue him The Ilians being beséeged of him fledde to Sylla who promised theÌ„ to come and willed theÌ„ to say to Fimbria that they were yéelded to him When Fimbria heard this he praysed them as friendes to the Romanes and desired them to receyue him as a Romane also â—estingly shewing that the Ilians and the Romanes were of affinitie Being entred he killed all that he mette and burned euery thing and the Embassadors that were sente to Sylla he tormented dyuers wayes neyther sparing holy things nor them that were fledde into the Temple of Minerua whome he burned in the Temple The next day he bet downe the walles and went about to sée if any thing stoode in the Citie which was worse vsed by hym a man allied than it was in Agamemnons time no house no temple no image being left The Image of Minerua which they called Palladium sent from heauen as they thinke some suppose was vnbroken being couered with the walles that fell excepte Diomedes and Vlisses carried it away at the warre of troy Thys did Fimbria against IliuÌ„ the. CIII Olimpiad theÌ„ ending which some thinke was a thousand and fifty yeares after Agamemnon When Mithridates heard of the losse at Orchomeno considering the multitude he hadde sente into Grecia and the continuall and greate ouerthrowes he sent to Archelous to make truce in as good manner as he could and being come to the parley sayde to Sylla Mithridates being an auntient friend to you O Sylla hath made warre for the couetousnesse of other Generalles He is content to leaue warre for thy vertues sake by the which thou wilt commaund him that shall be iust Sylla for wante of Ships and money none being sent him bycause of his enimies that had iudged him a Rebell hauing gathered money of the Pythians Olimpians and Epidaureans and giuen them â–ª by reason for their holy things halfe the Thebans land that so oft rebelled and hauing an army valiant and experte to leade agaynste the Rebellion of hys enimies he was bent to peace and sayd If Mithridates had bin iniured he should haue sent Embassadoures but doyng iniurie he hath inuaded many lands of other mens he hathe slayne very many the common and holy thyngs of Cities and the proper goodes of them he hathe spoyled béeyng a like vnfaythfull to his friendes and to vs of whome he hathe killed many and slayne the Princes that were at a banquet with him in the night with their wiues and children and hath shewed to vs rather crueltie of nature than necessitie of warre and vsed the Italians in Asia with all kindes of euils destroying and murthering men women children and slaues that were of the nation of Italy so great an hate had he againste Italy He alleadgeth now auntient amitie for a fashion but not before he hathe lost a hundreth and thréescore thousand men by me he maketh any mention of it Wherefore reason would we should take him for vnfaithfull yet for thy sake I will vndertake to get him forgiuenesse of the Romanes if he repente his doyngs but if he dissembleth now also loke thou wel to it Archeloe and consider the present state as well for thy selfe as for him Consider howe hée hath vsed his friends and how we haue vsed Eumenes and Massinissa Hee speaking thus Archelous disdeynefull brake his tale as spoken to proue him and sayde that he woulde neuer betray the army that was committed to him yet hope I for peace at thy hand if thou makest reasonable coÌ„ditions Sylla ceassing a while sayd Archeloe if Mithridates doe deliuer vnto me all the
being molested in Spayne by Sertorius and at home in Italie by ciuil warre Therefore saide he thorough their negligence the Sea hathe long tyme béene full of Pyrates Confederates haue they none nor willingly auye wil be vnder them Do you not sée these noble men sayde hée shewing Varius and the Lucians to be enimies to their Country and friends to vs When he had said thus and stirred his armye hée wente into Bythinia Nicomedes beyng dead without a chylde and leauyng his kingdome to the Romanes And Cotta that was presidēt there a man of litle skill in warre fledde to Calchida with his power and Bithynia was agayne vnder Mithridates all the Romanes fléeing to Cotta into Calchide And Mithridates comming thither Cotta for lacke of experience came not foorth Nudus his admirall with part of the army tooke the stronger parte of the fielde from the whiche beyng driuen hée fled to the gates of Chalcide by many hedges with great paine At the gate there was great thrust of them that would get in so as no darte was caste in vayne of them that folowed Wherefore the kéepers beyng afrayde of the gates they let the barres fall from the tower and tooke vp Nudus and other Capitaynes by ropes The other did perishe betwéene their fréendes and their enimies holdyng vp their hāds to the other Mithridates vsing the course of good fortune brought his shippes that day to the porte and breakyng the barre that was of yron he burned foure of the enimies shippes and tooke the other thrée score neyther Cotta nor Nudus resistyng kéepyng thēelues within the walles Thrée thousand were slayne of the Romanes Lucius Manlius a Senatour Mithridates loste twentie of the Basternians that first wente into the porte L. Lucullus beyng Consull and chosen generall of this warre brought one legion from Rome and had two of Fimbrias and beside them two more hauing in all thirtie thousand footemen and sixtene hundred horsemen and encamped agaynst Mithridates at Cyzico And vnderstandyng by the fugitiues that the king had thrée thousande men and his victuals brought by the foragers and from the sea he sayde to them that were aboute him that he would take his enimies without any payne and bad them remember it He espied an hill very fitte for his campe from the which he might get forage and kéepe it from his enimie He entended to get it as by it to winne victorie without daunger Beyng but one way very straight to it Mithridates kepte it with strength For so did Taxiles the other Capitaynes aduise him Lucius Manius that came frō Sertorius and made league with Mithridates Sertorius being now dead reuolted secretly to Lucullus sayth beyng receyued he perswaded Mithridates to lette the Romanes go and campe where they would for the two legions that were Fimbrias would straight reuolt and come to the kyng then what néede he vse force and slaughter when he might ouercome without fight Mithridates consenting to this very vnwisely and vncircumspectly suffered the Romanes to passe the streight without feare and to encampe at the hyll by hauyng of the whiche they might haue victuals behinde them brought without feare and Mithridates beyng shut with fennes hilles and floudes could haue none by lande but very litle neyther hauyng way to do it easily nor by force to compell Lucullus for the hardenesse of the passage whiche when he had in his power hée neglected winter beyng at hande the commyng of it by Sea woulde fayle Which when Lucullus perteyued hée put his fréendes in remembraunce of his promise and that hée spake to bée as it were performed Mithridates mighte then peraduenture haue passed thorough the middes of hys enimies with hys multitude but hée lette that passe also and gaue himselfe onely to the gettyng of Cyzico thynkyng by that to remedy bothe the wante and harde way and hauyng plentie of Souldiours wente aboute it by all meanes possible His nauie hée enclosed with a double wall and entrenched the rest of the Citie and set vp many rampiers and engines vpon them and towers and rammes couered and one called Helepolis of an hundred cubites vpon the which an other tower was set casting arrowes and stones diuerse weapons At the portes two Gallies ioyned togither bare an other tower from the which bridges were caste from the engine nigh the wall When all this was ready hée sente thrée prysoners to Cyzicus in shippes to the citie holding vp their hands and praying them to spare the people that were in daunger till Lisistratus their Captaune came to the walles and by a trumpette exhorted them to beare patiently their mischaunce When Mithridites was deceyued of this purpose hée brought the engine by shippes which threwe sodenly bridges vpon the wall and foure men ranne vpon them at the whiche the Cyzians amased for the straungers gaue place but no more commyng forth they tooke courage againe and killed those foure without and threwe fire and pitch vpon the shippes and made them tourne with theyr engine This at this enterprise of the sea the Cyzians had the better That day the third time he brought al his engines by lande at once they within labouring and putting them backe for all their violence The rammes they bet with stones or put them by with collats and brake their dint with peltes of wooll The fierie dartes they quenched with vineger and water and other with clothes cast against them or with sayles wrapped togither stopped the throwe They lefte nothing vndone that menne might doe and although they suffered all labour and resisted the euill yet at night parte of the wall was burned and fell but no manne durste enter for the heate and their Cyzianes made it vp again in the night And not long after a great storme of wind did breake the reste of the kings engines It is reade that this Cittie was in dowrie of Iupiter to Proserpine and the Cyziens honour hir most of all gods When their feast day came that they should sacrifice a blacke cowe they not hauing one made one of paaste when as a blacke cowe came to them by sea whyche going vnder the barre of the hauen ranne into the Cittie came to the temple and stoode at the aulter The which the Cyzians sacrificed with good hope Mithridates friendes counselled him to go from the Cittie being holy but he would not He went to Dindimus an high hill and made a trench from it to the Cittie and set it with towers and with mines digged the wall He sente hys horses leane for lacke of meate and lame for labour into Bythinia Lucullus mette with them as they wente to Rindacus and killed and toke many prisoners of men fiftéene M. of horses sixe thousand and many beasts of burden At this time Eumachus a Captaine of Mithridates ranne ouer Phrygia and slewe the Romanes both women and children then he inuaded Pisidus and
Captaines to make their courses and their onsets and to kéepe their places and to receiue when they fledde from the other that in their chase they should not exceed too far nor be caried aboute in their fighting that it mighte be spéedily done and he sayled to them all and hauing ouerséene all in the Weast in fortie dayes he came to Rome and from thence to Brunduse from Brunduse into the East so long a way he afrayde them all with his sodayne and quicke passage and great preparation and feare of his glory â–ª insomuche as the Pirates that hoped to haue bin too good for him or truely to haue put him to paine ynoughe beyng afraid by and by left their expugnations of other cities and resorted to their wonted holdes and holes So that the Sea was scowred by Pompey without any fight and the Rouers were taken of the Captaines in euery place by parts He wente into Cilicia with a great army and many engins thinking he should haue hadde manye fyghtes and besiegings at their rocky Towers but he néeded none for his glory and greate power making them afrayde and thinking that if they came not to fyght they shoulde finde the more gentlenesse fyrst they deliuered Cragus and Anticragus the greatest forts they had then the mountaine men of Cilicia and in order all yéelded themselues and also muche armour some ready some to be made readye they deliuered and shippes some vpon the stocks some apte to sayle brasse and yron gathered for that purpose and sailes cables and other diuerse matter and a number of prisoners some being in bands for their ransome and some for to worke Their stuffe Pompey burned Their ships he toke The prisoners he sente into theyr Countreys of the which manye founde their graâ—â—s made bycause they were thought to be dead The Pirates that séemed to come to this warre not of malice but for lacke of liuing hée commaunded them to inhabite Mallâ—â— â—dana Epiphaâ—â—â— or any other place desolate and voyde of men in the hard parte of Cilicia some of them he sent to â—yma in Aâ—haiâ— Thus the Pyrats warre that was thought to be most daungerous was ended in few dayes of Pompey Of shippes he tooke â—â—xij Of the that were deliuered three hundred and sixe Of Cities Fortes and other strong places 120. Of the Pirates were slayne in fighte 〈◊〉 These things being done spéedely and beyonde opinion the Romanes highly extolling Pompey being yet in Cilicia those him the Generall of the warre against Mithridates â–ª with like authoritie of a ruler alone where he would inuade and make warre and to make friends or foes of Râ—me whome he thought good and of all the armye that was out of Italy gaue him the authoritie whiche was neuer so giuen to none before him and peraduenture for this they called him Great for the warre of Mithridates was now ended by other Captaynes Pompey gathering hys armye out of Asia dyd encamp in the confynes of Mithridates Mithridates hadde a choyce army of hys owne of thirtie thousande footemen and thrée thousande horsemen and he defended the place whiche being wasted before by Lucullus he had want of victuall Wherfore many fugitiues weÌ„t from him some of the which he threwe downe headlongs some he pulled out their eyes and some he burned therefore the fewer fugitiues weÌ„t froÌ„ him for feare of punishmeÌ„t He was coÌ„â—umed with want therfore he sent Embassadors to Pompey to knowe with what condition he might make peace he answered if thou deliuer our fugitiues and commit thy selfe to vs which when Mithridates heard he asked y fugitiues what they thought and wheÌ„ he saw them afraid he sware he would neuer make peace with the Romanes for their couetousnesse and he deliuered none nor did nothing but they were pryuye to it Thus didde he Pompey laying an ambushe of horsemen bad other go to the front of the Kings battaile and prouoke them And if they came foorth to gyue place as thoughe they were ouercome and bryng them to the place of the ambushe at the whyche they retournyng they mighte gette into the Kynges Campe with them that fledde Whyche hadde beene done in déede if the King fearyng it hadde not broughte oute hys footemen and so they retired Thys was the ende of the fyrste attempt of the horsemen betwéene Pompey and Mithridates The King being molested with want was compelled to go backe and suffer Pompey to come into that parte thinking that being in that wasted place he shoulde suffer many inconueniences but he had prouided victuall to come behind hym going eastwarde againste Mithridates made many Towers and trenches againste him and compassed him in the space of fyue hundred Furlongs that he coulde not nowe easilye come by victualls And the King did not stoppe his entrenching â–ª eyther for feare or for ignorance or for that all euils were nowe to come vppon him and being oppressed againe wyth want he kylled all beasts of cariages onelye horses he spared whiche scarcelye seruing for fyfety dayes in the night he departed with great silence by harde wayes whome Pompey coulde hardly ouertake in a day sauing the tayle Then the King being counseled by his friends to set hys men to the battell would not fight but with his horsmen onlye kéepe backe them that approched and in the night hyd himselfe in thicke woodes The day folowing he tooke a rocky place to the which was one way only to come and there he was kepte with foure handes And the Romanes kept on the contrary side that he shold not escape The next daye eyther of theÌ„ armed their men The forewarders of either part at the side of the hyll skirmished and the horsmen of the Kings were commanded to help their fellows without horses Vpon whom wheÌ„ y Romanes came with their horsmen y kings meÌ„ ran on heaps to y caÌ„p to get their horses to match with y â–ª Romanes â—gallye They that were aboue and armed séeing them come running with showt and not knowing what was done but thinking they hadde fledde another way from the Campe that was taken threwe awaye their armoure and fled and the place being hard one fell vpon an other in the thruste til they fell from the rocks Thus the army of Mithridates thorow the lacke of them that woulde without order take vpon them to helpe their former selowes falling into a consusion was loste The reste of the matter was easy to Pâ—mpey killing and taking the vnarmed and béeyng shut in the rockes of the which tenne thousand were slain and all the Campe with the treasure of gold was taken Mithrdites with his guarde onely fléeing thoroughe the rocky places met with some of the hyred horsemen and thrée thousande footemen They conducted hym to Sinoregia a castle where he had laid vppe muche money and giuing gyfts and a yeares wages to the companions of his flight he carried with him sixe
the help of the Romanes and oppressed of famine and continuallye assaulted of Annibal for he hearing the Cittie was riche and full of golde gaue them no time to rest they commaunded all the golde and siluer both publique and priuate to be broughte into the market and mixed it with lead and yron that it shoulde bée vnprofitable to Annibal And bycause they hadde rather dye by sworde than by hunger at mydnyght when it was most darke they came out and assailed the watch of the Carthagies looking for no such thing and killed many of them whiles some sought and some putte on their armour The sight was long many Carthagies were slaine and all the Saguntinesâ— whose decay beyng séene from the wals some of the women leapt from the top of their houses some hanged themselues some killed first their little childreÌ„ then themselues This was the end of Sagunt which was a great mighty city When Annibal vnderstoode what was cone with y mony he tooke as many of the youth as was left whom he tormented and killeÌ„d And not thinking it good for a Citie situate at the sea and in a fertile soyle to be vnhabited he made it an inhabitation of Carthage whiche nowe as I thinke they call Carthage Spartâ—gena The Romaines sent Ambassadours to Carthage whiche shoulde require Annibal as a breaker of league vnlesse they wold confesse it to be done with the common consent except they wold deliuer hym to denounce theÌ„ war presently They dyd so and where the Carthagies would not deliuer Annibal they gaue the desyaunce and they saide it was done after this sorte The Carthages scorned the Romane Ambassador Hee tooke vppe the â—â—irt of his gawne and saide In this garment O Carthagies I bring you war and peace chose which you wil. They aunswered giue vs which thou listest he giuing war they cried al with one voice and we receiue it by by they sent to Hannibal to ouerrun al Iberia for the league was broken Wherfore he raunging euerye where got some by flattery some by threats and some by force He gathered many souldioures not shewyng to what purpose he didde it Hys meaning was to goe into Italy to sende Ambassadors to the Galles to search the way of the Alps to carry his army to Rome leaue Asdrubal in Spaine The Romaynes thinking they must make war with the Carthagies in Spaine and Affrica not once suspecting their comming into Italy sente Tiberius so 〈…〉 into Affrica with one hundred thrèescore and twoo ships and two 〈◊〉 What 〈◊〉 Longue and other Generalles didde in Labya all is shewen in the booke of the Libyan warres They sente into 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Scipio with thréescore Shyppes and ten thousande sâ—â—temen and seauen hundred horsemen to whome they ioyned for 〈◊〉 his brother Câ— Cornelius Scipio But one of them that is 〈◊〉 when he heard of the Marchants of 〈◊〉 that Anniball was comming into Italy and had passed the Alpes being aâ—raâ—â—â— he shoulde haue taken the Italians vnpâ—câ—â—ted he deliuered the army to hys brother and in a Galley sayled into 〈◊〉 What he or other Captaynes did that succeeded hym in thys war tyll Anniball was driuen out of Italy after sixteene yeares it is shewed of vs in the booke that followeth wherein also wee shewe all Annibals actes and therefore name the booke by Annibals name Cneus in this warre of the Romanes didde nothing worthy of wrytyng till his brother retourned vnto hym For when hys tyme was expired the Romanes sent the Consulls for hys successors to make the warre againste Anniball and hée was vnderconsull to them and sent againe into Spaine And so the twoo Scipioâ— didde make warre agaynste Asdruball in Spaine The Carthagies being prouoked to fight of Syphax kyng of Numidia they called home Asdrubal with part of his armye wherby the Scipios did easily gette the reste of Spaine and mayne Citties yéelded fréely For they were apte to gouerne armyes and also by persuasion to winne Cities to their obedience The Carthagies compounding with Syphax sente Asdruball into Spaine wyth more menne and wyth thyrtye Elephantes adioyning other two Captaines to them that is Mago and Asdrubal Gysgons sonnes After that tyme the Scipios had sharpe warre and yet were superiors of the whiche manye souldiours of the Carthagies and Elephants were consumed till the winter beyng come the Carthagies went to winter at the Turditanes And Pub. Scipio stayed at Caâ—â—ulone and Cncus at Orsonae To whom when it was shewed that Asdrubal was comming he went out of the Citie wyth a fewe to sée his enimies power but going too far vnaduisedlye he was circumuented of the contrary horsemen and killed and al that were with him Cneus Scipio not knowing the chaunce of hys brother sent hys souldiors to fetche artillerie wyth whom the Affricanes made a fraye Whiche Cneus vnderstanding came foorth in haste with the light harnessed to helpe hys men wherof the former being killed and putte backe Scipio was driuen into a Tower the whiche they sette a fyre and burned hym and hys companye Thus the two Scipios were killed men certainly of great worthinesse greatly loued and lamented of the Spaniards that had committed themselues for their sakes to the Romaine obedience When this was knowen at Rome the Romanes tooke it very grieuously and sent Marcellus which a little before was come out of Sicilie and with him Claudius wyth a nauy and ten thousande footemen two thousand horsemen and mony and victuall sufficient to make warre in Spaine Of the whiche no notable thing being done the Carthagies encreased very much for nowe they had wellnigh gotten all Spaine the Romaynes béeing dryuen into a little streight so as they were caste to the Pyrene hils The whiche when they at Rome hearde they were more grieued and afraide least whiles Anniball wasted those Regions whiche were at the sides of Italie the other army shoulde inuade another way therfore thoughe they woulde neuer so muche they coulde not leaue Spaine fearing the warre of Spaine woulde stretch to Italy Therefore they appointed a day to determine a Generall for the war in Spaine To the whiche prouince when none nowe offered hymselfe they were in more trouble and feare than before for all the Senators were still for feare till Cornelius Scipio sonne to Publius that was slaine in Spaine a yong man of xxiiij yeres of age but wise accompted noble in mind did step forth boldly spake lamentably the harde happe of hys father vncle affirming that he alone was left to reuenge both their deaths and other things he added with great eloquence and vehemenete so as it were by a diuine inflamation he promised to restore not onely Spaine but also to take Carthage wherefore he was thoughte to boaste too muche lyke a young man but he got the fauoure of the people whiche was stroken with greate feare For they that â—eare when better hope is promised them they
and when he came to the porte the Carthages whiche were come before him brought out their Gallies vnknowen to Syphax against Scipiâ— but he hauing the benefite of the winde with full sayle entred the port before them Syphax receyued them both courteously and talking priuately with them and giuing his faith sent them away He commaunded the Carthagies that layd new traynes againste him to be stayd This perill Scipio escaped when he came to the coast and when he went from thence And it is said that whilest Scipio was with Syphax he sate at the table wyth Asdruball who when he hadde asked him many questions hee greatly wondered at the sight and modestie of him and turnyng to his friends sayd that he was a man to be scared not onely in the warre but also at a table At this time some of the â—â—erians and Celtiberians did yet serue vnder Hanno with whome Martius did encounter and kylled a thousande fiue hundred of them the rest fledde home other seauen hundred horsemen and seauen thousand footemen being with Hanno Martius droue into an hyll where wanting all necessaries they sent to Martius for composition whome hée commaunded to delyuer their Captayne Hanno and the sugitiues and â—â—en tell their message so they tooke Hanno that was hearing of matters and deliuered him and the fugitiues to Martius â–ª he required also the captiues whome when he had receyued he commaunded the Souldyoures to bring a certaine summe of siluer into a playne bycause it was not fitte for them that aske pardon to keepe highe places whiche when they were descended Martius sayde vnto them you are well worthy deathe for where as euery of you haue youre countreys subiect to vs you had rather make warre against vs than oure enimies yet I am content and giue you leaue to goe safe putting off youre armour Whiche when they hearde being all gréeued with it and denying to do it a sharp fight was made in the which halfe of them were slayne the other halfe escaping to Mago He not long before was come to Hannos Campe wyth sixtie Shippes but hearyng of hys calamitie he returned to Gades where beyng in wante he was put in greate feare and there hée rested Sillanus was sente to the Citie of Castaces where when hée was receyued as an enimie he sette hys Campe before the Towne and made Scipio to knowe of it who sending afore what was fytte for the séege followed and by the way gotte the Citie of Illiturga the whyche in the tyme of olde Scipio was friende to the Romanes and when hée was slayne they reuolted priuily and pretendyng to receyue the Romanes armys as a friende delyuered it to the Carthagies Wherfore Scipio béeyng angrie ouercame it in foure houres and tooke it Héere Scipio hadde a wounde in hys necke but not so greate as hée woulde departe from the fyghte tyll hée hadde gotte the Citie for thys cause the armye despising the pray kylled women and children and vtterly destroyed it When they came to Castace he beséeged it in thrée partes but dyd not assaulte it that hée myghte gyue the Castaces tyme to repente bycause he heard they were aboute suche a matter And when they hadde kylled the Captain of the garrison which resisted they deliuered the Citie to Scipio he leauing a certayne honest man of the Citie to kéepe it wente towarde Carthage sending Sillanus and Martius to the Sea to spoyle and wast all that they could There was a Citie called Astapa whiche was alwayes of the Carthagies deuotion When they sawe they were beséeged and knewe that if they came vnder the Romanes power they shouÌ„lde be solde as slaues they brought all theyr goodes and riches into the market place and compassing the same wyth wodde they badde their wiues and children goe vp to it and sware fiftie of the chiefe of the Citie that if the Citie were taken they shoulde kyll their wiues and chyldren sette the wodde on fyre and burne them and themselues When they hadde called the Gods vnto witnesse of the same they issued vppon Martius looking for no suche thyng with the whyche violence the shotte and the Horsemen were putte to flighte The footemen stayd The Astapeans fought valiantlye withoute hope of remedye The Romanes were more in number but the Astapeans were not inferioure in vertue who when they were all slayne the fiftie whyche were in the Citie kylled all the women and chyldren and then kindled the fyre and lepte into it Martius maruelling at the vertue of them refrayned from burning their houses After these doyngs Scipio fell sicke and Martius ruled the army and so the Souldyoures that had spente all vppon pleasure and thought they hadde not receyued worthy rewardes for theyr seruice bycause they hadde nothyng lefte and to whome Scipio ascribed the glory of all hys noble actes they reuolted from Martius and hadde their Campe by themselues and manye of the garrisons and nygh Castels ioyned vnto them and some were sente of Mago with money to persuade them to him They receyued the money but makyng Captaynes and officers of themselues they did all thyngs of their owne authoritie and bounde them to it by oth Scipio hearing of thys wrote vnto them that were authoures and sayde hée coulde not yet rewarde them as they were worthy bycause of his sicknesse and to other he wrote to appease them that were in rage and wrote to all generally as though they had now bin reconciled that he woulde shortly rewarde them all and willed them so soone as might be to come to Carthage for forage These letters being redde some suspected some euill other thinking no hurt thought good to giue credite to them and agréed to goe to Carthage whither when Scipio vnderstoode they were comming he commanded all the Senatoures that were with him that cache one of them should goe with one of the Authoures of sedition and receyuing them into their tentes in shewe of friendshippe to take them priuily Then he commaunded the Tribunes of the souldyoures that the next morning euery of them with their most trusty friendes with their swordes shoulde goe priuily and place them in diuers partes of the citie and when they had fitte places not looking for any other commaundement shoulde immediately kill them if they made any stirre while he spake hys Oration When it was daye he called all the Souldyoures to an assemblie and caused himself to be borne to the Generalles seate They hearing the sounde of the trumpet being ashamed not to awayte vppon their Generall being sicke and thinking they shoulde haue receyued their rewardes came from euerye place part without swords part couered with a little coate bycause they had not time to make them ready Scipio hauing a garde secretely aboute him did firste rebuke them for their déede then said he would put all the blame in the authors of the sedition whome O Souldyoures by your helpe I will
Flaccus answered he would bring many soldiors coats folowing their messeÌ„gers caÌ„ped at y city They not doyng any thing according to their great crakes fledde and dayly spoyled the Countreis They vse a certaine garment double of thicke wâ—â—ll with a buckle fastned like a cloke and that they count a Souldiours coate Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus succeeded Flaccus The Celtiberians besieged Carabâ—â— a Cittie friend to the Romaynes wyth twentye thousande souldioures and thought to gette it quickly Wherefore Gracchus comming to helpe them and not hauing any mean to signifie it to the besieged a certaine capitaine of a bande named Cominius tolde Gracchus what he had deuised with himselfe he put on a Spaniardes coate and wente among the slaues of the campe and as a Spaniard came with them to the Campe and from thence into the Citie and tolde them that Gracchus was at hande with helpe Wherefore they abode the siege valiauntly and within thrée dayes Gracchus came and so the Câ—lâ—â—berians left the siege One daye twenty thousande came from Complega bringing braunches of Oliue lyke petitioners asking pardon whiche comming nighe the Romanes Generall gaue a violent onsette on the Romanes and put them in great daunger Gracchus went from the Campe of purpose and made as thoughe he fledde and whiles they were aboute the spoile he returned and sette vpon them and killed many of them and got Complega He appointed their laâ—â—e and the neighbors to them that had néede and made league with the inhabitants of that countrey with certaine conditions whereby they were receiued into the Romaines amitie to the whiche he bounde them by â—thâ— These conditions were much desired in the wars that followed and for these things the name of Gracchus was greate bothe in Spaine and Rome where he triumphed gloriously A fewe yeares after great warre was renewed in Spayne â–ª There was a Cittie in the borders of the Celtiberians that is called 〈…〉 named Segedâ— great and mighty comprehended in the 〈…〉 of Gracchus This Citie enticing other little Townes 〈…〉 d their walls the compasse whereof was forty â—ur â–ª 〈…〉 〈…〉 example induced the Tiâ—â—â—â—ans an other 〈…〉 of the Celtiberians to do the lyke Whyche thing the Senate vnderstanding forbadde them the building of their wal and required the tribute appointed by Gracchus and commanded them to goe to warre with the Romanes to the whiche they were also bounde by the league of Gracchus They aunswered that touching their walles they were bound by Gracchus not to builde any newe Citties but not that they should not defend their olde As touching tributes and seruice in war they were released by the Romanes and so they were indéede with this condition so long as it shoulde séeme good to the Senate and people of Rome wherefore Q. Fuluius Nobâ—â—â—or was sent against them with an army of thirty thousande The Segetanes hearing that he was comming their walls not being yet finished desired the Araschians to receiue them and so they fled to them They made their chiefe Captaine Carus whom the Segetanes thoughte to be a man expert in war. He thrée daies after he was created Generall laide an ambushe of twentye thousande footemen and fyue thousande horse in a shadowy and woddy place and from theÌ„ce gaue a charge vpon the Romanes The fight was doubtfull a greate while at length Carus hadde a noble victorie for he â—â—ewe sixe thousande Romaines whiche was a great losse to the Citie â–ª But when they vsed the victory rashlye and too proudlye the Romaines horsemen that garded the carriage set vppon them and â—â—ew Carus fighting valiantly for himselfe and sixe thousand with hym tyll the fyghte was ended by the darkenesse of the night This was done the same daye that the Romaynes kepte the feaste of Vulcane After that daye none of them woulde come to fight but by compulsion The Araschians assembled that night at Numantiâ— â–ª which is a very strong citie They chose Arathon and Leucon Captaines of the warre Fuluius came thither the thirde daye and camped foure and twenty furlongs from the citie to whom Massinissa had sent thrée hundred horsmen and thirtye Elephants which being come he went straight to the fight He placed the Elephants at the backe of the army and when the fight was begonne opened a way for the Elephants â–ª whom when the Celtiberians sawe they and their horse were afraid and fled to the walles The Romayne had the Elephants shoulde be brought to the wal There was a fierce fight till one of the Elephants being hurte in the heade with a stone from the wall beganne to rage and be vnruly and with furie turne vpon his fellows thrusting and treading downe euery one he met no difference betwéene friend and foe and the rest of the Elephants being made afrayde did the lyke and trode and thruste downe the Romaine souldiours The whiche thing the Elephants when they are in feare are wâ—nte to doe taking euerye man for their ennimye wherefore for this falshoode they are called common enimies Therfore the Romanes without order fled away which when the Numantines saw from the walles they came forth and chased them and flewe foure thousande of them and tooke thrée Elephants and muche armour and many ensignes Of the Celtiberians two thousand were killed When Fuluius hadde gotten from that slaughter he besieged Axenium which was as a coÌ„mon market for the enimyes for there was all thinges to sell â–ª Where when he did no good but lose his men he retired by night to his campe Wherefore hée sente Blesus the Capitayne of the horsmen to a nation that was nigh and his friend for he wanted horsemen with a bande of horse In the way they fell into an ambushe of Celtiberians â–ª whiche beyng knowne the friendes fledde and Blesus fought and was killed and many Romanes with him For the whiche losses and ouerthrowes Ocile a Cittie in the whiche the Romanes had their treasure and munition yéelded to the Celtiberians Then Fuluius distrusting himselfe and afraid of al things kepte within his campe that winter defending it as well as hée coulde and getting victuall â–ª yet was greatly troubled for lacke and for bitternesse of colde wherfore many Souldyours partly goyng for wood partly for the sharpnesse and great colde did perishe The yeare following Claudius Marcellus came in Fuluius place bringing eighte thousande footemen and .v. C. horsemen againste whome when the enimies likewise haâ— saide traines he by another crafte auoyded them and went streight to Ocile there camped with all his power and fortune fauouring hym tooke the Cittie at the firste assaulte whome he pardoned receiuing some pledges and thyrtie talentes of golde When thys modestie was hearde the Nergobriges sente messengers to Marcellus to know what they might do to haue peace He commaunded them to sende him an hundred horsemen They promised so to doe yet they folowed the
tayle of the armye and tooke some of the cariage Notwithstanding they came after and brought a hundred horsemen and saide their hurte in the carriage was done by the errour of some that knewe not the couenauntes Marcellus made the hundred horsmen prisoners and solde their horses then he ranged their lande and gaue the pray to the souldioures and encamped at their Cittie where when they sawe their engines broughte and their trenches made they sente oute an Heraulte wearing a Woolfs skinne to aske pardon whiche he denyed to giue except the Aruacceans Bellans and Titthians woulde sewe for them the whiche those nations did willinglye praying that a reasonable payne beyng putte vppon them they mighte be broughte to the league of Gracchus Some of them denied that bicause they hadde bin at strife Marcellus sent the Ambassadoures of both parts to Rome there to dispute their controuersies and secretly wrote to the Senate to compounde the matter for he desired the war might be ended in his time thinking it would be for his glory The Ambassadoures of the friendes were receyued into the Cittie they of the enimies were lodged without the Cittie as the manner is The Senate would haue no peace being grieued they were not brought into the Romanes power as Nobilior would haue done that was Generall in Spaine before Therefore the Senate aunswered the Ambassadors that Marcellus should declare their plesure there forthwith sent an other army into Spaine And then was the first time that souldiors wer takeÌ„ by lot not by choice as had béene before For manye did reproue the Consulls as not vsyng themselues truely and sincerely in the choise of soldiors that they might seÌ„d to lighter enterprises as cause reqâ—â—â—â—d Therfore it séemed good then to take their soldiors by lotte of whome L. Lucullus was made Generall to whom Cornelius Scipio was lieutnant that shortely after gotte Carthage and Numantia Whiles Lucullus was comming Marcellus proclaimed warre againste the Celtiberians to whome he rendred their pledges they requiring them yet he deteyned hym long with him that wente Embassadoure for them to Rome for what cause it is vncertaine There was a suspition then which was beléeued much more by a thing that happened that is that he persuaded these people to committe their matters to him for he didde what he could to make an end of the warre before Lucullus came For after those controuersies there were fyue thousande Aruacceans that tooke Nergobrigem and Marcellus wente to Numantia and encamped within fyue myle of the Citie and droue the enimies into it Wherfore Linteuon Captain of the Numantines cried and said he woulde deale with Marcellus And being come in to talke hée saide he would leaue the Bellans Titthians and Aruacceans whom when Marcellus had accepted willingly he commaunded money and pledges to be deliuered which when he had receyued he let those people go frée This end had the warre of the Bellans Titthians and Aruaceans before the comming of Lucullus But Lucullus partly for desire of glorie and partly for néede for he was poore ledde his armie agaynst the Vacceans whiche be a people in Celtiberia next to the Aruacceans notwithstaÌ„ding the Senate determined nothing of them nor they had euer bin enimies of the people of Rome Therefore when he had passed the floude Tagus he came to the citie of Caucâ—a and there encamped They of the towne asked why he came for what purpose he molested them that were in quiet rest Who when he had answered that hee came to helpe the Carpetanes whom they had iniured they returned into the city And when the Romanes wente for forrage they kylled many which being vnderstoode the army was brought forth and they mette and fought The Caucaeans a while had the better til their shotte fayled them then they fledde not being good at a firme battell and so thrusting together at the gate there were thrée thousand slayne The next day the olde men came forth and besought Lucullus to tell them what they might doe to kéepe the Romanes fauour He required pledges an C. talentes of silner and y their horsemen shoulde serue with him which when it was graunted he saide he woulde put a garrison in the Citie and they did not denye that He put two thousand choyce souldyoures into the citie whome he commaunded to take the walles whiche béeyng done he brought in all his army and killed all without respect of age and thus by extreame crueltie they were all slaine calling vpon the Gods and the faith of the oth by the whiche the Romanes had sworne and charging the Romanes with infidelitie by the which they had murthered twenty thousande a fewe except that were in the strong and rocky places Lucullus spoyled the Citie and gaue the prey to the Souldioures purchasing an immortall infamie to the name of Rome All they of the Countrey assembled and came out of the playnes into the hils and into the strong townes carrying so muche with them as they could burning the rest that Lucullus shoulde haue no profite of them When Lucullus had made a long iourney by the hard and deserte way he came to a Citie that is called Enderacia into the whiche more than twenty thousand footemen were fledde and two thousand horsemen Lucullus suche was his foolishnesse inuited them to composition to whome they obiected the calamitie of the Vacceans asking if he woulde exhorte them to suche amitie Lucullus being angry for their obiection as the manner is of them that do naught whereas they should rather be angry with themselues wasted their land â–ª and beséeged their Citie made many trenches â–ª and continually prouoked them to fight One of them very faire in armour came many times forth on horsehacke and prouoked any Romane to fighte hand to hand and when no man answered him he laughed and scorned the Romanes and wente leaping and reioyeing home Doyng this very oft it gréeued Scipio that was a yong man who came forthe and toke the matter in hande and by the benefite of fortune ouercame the greate straunger he being but of small stature which gaue courage to the Romane But in the night they were diuersly affrighted for all the horsemen of the Barbarians whiche were gone a foraging before the Romanes came and coulde not get into the Citie ranne vpon the Camp with great alarms and they of the Citie did the like with greate vehemence sore troubling the Romanes who being afflicted wyth watche for all that night they were compelled to watche in armoure and not accustomed to the meates of that countrey and hauing neyther wyne salte nor oyle nor vinegre and did eate sodden wheate and barlie and muche fleashe of Dere and Hare without salte they fell into flixes of the whiche many dyed Thus they continued tyll they hadde brought their trenches to due height whiche being done they beat downe one part of
kil themselues and some their children also rather than they shoulde bée â—â—aues Manye citties that then helde with Brutus rebetled shortely after and were subdued of hym againe And for these causes when he came to Labrica that had ofte made peace with him then were disobedient they desired pardon and woulde doe all things at his commaundement He required hostages the Romaine râ—nneawaies and all their armour and lastly that they should leaue their Cittie Al the whiche when they hadde done he called them quietly to an assembly and when he had compassed them with his army he put them in remembraunce how oft they had reuolted and made warre and made them so afraide as they might feare a worse punishement In the ende â—eing satisfied with that rebuke he refrayned from â—urder paine But he tooke from them horse corne and common money and all other publike preparation and beside all their hope suffered them to lyue in their country â–ª Which things when he had thus done he returned to Rome I haue declared al this in the historie of Viriatus In this time other folowing his example exercised robberies and Viriatus â–ª that he might come to some end sente Ditalâ—one and Minâ—râ— to Caepio the whiche being corrupted by many promisesâ— vndertooke to kill Viriatus The matter was tâ—us handled Viriâ—tus vâ—ed little sléepe after moste greate laboures and â—or the moste parte slepte armed that he might be readye at all soâ—â—â—ne chaunâ—es For this cause it was lawfull for hys friends to come to hym by night Whiche manner the conspiratoures knowing and marking the firste houre of hys sléepe entred hys house armed â–ª as for some greate matter and cut hys throate â–ª for in any other parte they could not hurte him And when no man â—eardâ— the noise of the déede for the facilitie of the cutte they escaped to Caepio and required their rewarde To whome he â—orthwith gaue al they did possesse and whatsoeuer was in their power but as touching their rewarde â—ée sente them â—o Roâ—e Viriatus friends and the whole army when it was â—aye â—arried for him and thinking he had rested maruelled at that alteration and so went in and found him dead in his armour wherfore great sorrowe was made in al the Campe euerye man lamenting his harde happe thinking on the danger they were in and the Captaine they had loste and it moste grieued them that they coulde not fynd the killers Therefore they burned his body with muche honoure vppon a great stacke killing many sacrifices in his reuerence and as well the footemen as the horsmen after the Barbarian manner wente aboute the fyre and extolled him to heauen with their praise At laste when the fire was out and the funerals finished they made many turneymeÌ„ts hand to hand at his sepulchre so great loue and desire did Viriatus leaue to his men who thoughe he were a Barbarian yet he was moste skilfull in gouernement most warie in perils and aboue all other bolde in â—espisyng them and moste iuste in diuiding his pray For he could neuer be brought to take any whitte more than the reste althoughe hée were desired and that hée tooke he gaue to the valiant â—ort Wherby it came to passe that is most harde and to this daye hath not happened to any Captaine that hys armye gathered of all kinde of nations eighte yeares togither whiche the warre continued was euer most obedient to him without mutinie and endured to the vttermost moste ready to abide all daunger And when they had created Tantalus for their Captaine they went towarde Sâ—gunt which Cittie when Annibal had destroyed and restored he called it Carthage of the name of his country And being driuen from theÌ„â—e by Caepa that was alwaies at their backes when he had passed the floude Betis béeing wearye he yéelded himselfe and his army to Caepa He tooke al hys armor and appoynted them a good land to lyue in that they shoulde no more be driuen to robbe Nowe oure history shall retourne to the warres of the Vacceans and the Numantines whom Viriatus caused to reuolt Caecilius Metellus sent from Rome with more men shortely ouercame the Vacceans whereby the reste were disco mâ—â—ted put in feare c. ¶ There remayned yet Termantia and Numantia in an hylly place diuided with two floudes and compassed with hylles and thicke wooddes bending into the playne onely one waye at the which part it was fortified with many ditches and pillâ—urs ouerthwart The Numantines were good eight thousand meÌ„ bothe on horse and foote and with so small a number suche was their manlinesse they put the Romanes to muche paine Metellus at the ende of winter deliuered his army to Q. Metellus Aulus his successor in the which was thirtie thousaÌ„d footemen and two thousand horsmen wel armed and practised c. ¶ And when Pompeius had his campe at Numantia from thence went into a certaine place the Numantines descending from an hil destroyed his horsemen that ranne to him Who when hée was retourned broughte foorthe his batayle to fyghte in the playne The enimies comming down gaue a charge vpon hym and by by as though they had bin afraide retired vnto the hil till they had brought theÌ„ to the places where the ditches and ouerthwart beames were layde so as Pompey perceyuing he was in these skirmishes ouermatched of them that were inferioure to hym he tourned hys armie towarde Termantia thinking to doe better there where they fought with him to his losse of seauen hundred Beside that the Termantines put a Tribune to flight that was comming with victuals and in one day giuyng thrée onsets on the Romaynes they droue them thrice into sharpe and rocky places and threwe many of their footemen and horsemen togither with their horses from the hylles and rockes so as the reste being afraide remayned al night in armor and when it was day comming foorth in order of battaile they fought doubtfullye till night ended the fight Pompey in the night made hast to Malia wyth his horsemen whiche place the Numantines helde with a garrison But the Malians killing the garrison by treason deliuered the Citie to Pompey who receyuing armoure and pledges of them went to Sueditania which a certayne Capitaine named Tanginus did spoyle wyth his armie Pompey fought with him and ouerthrewe him and tooke manye of hys souldyoures But suche manhoode was in these théeues as none of them woulde lyue Captiue but some killed themselues some theyr Maisters some made holes in the â—hip that caried theÌ„ to sincke it Pompey beyng returned to Numantia went about to turne the floude that was in the playne an other waye that he mighte presse the Citie with famine The Townsemen droue the labourers from their worke and comming by bandes without trumpet they threwe darts and arrowes vpon them that they should â–ª not tourne the floude and fought at hande with them that
yet Pompey was acquit being accused of the same afore The Senate decréed that Mancinus who had made so dishonorable a league without consent of the Senate should be giueÌ„ to the Numantines after the old example which gaue the Captayne to the Samnites bycause he agréed to so shameful a peace So they coÌ„manded Furius to leade Mancinus into Spayne depriued of al things and naked who was not receiued of the Numantines against whome Calphurnius Piso was made Generall He entred the land of the Numantines and then wasted part of the Pallantines and spent the rest of his time in harborough in Carpentania The people of Rome being wéery of this long and tedious warre with the Numantines that is might once be ended chose Cornelius Scipio CoÌ„sull againe y woÌ„ne Carthage as one y only could ouercome y NumaÌ„tines And where he could not be Consul for his age for he was but yong a decrée of y Senate was made that the Tribunes should dispense with the law for that yeare and restore it the yeare following Therefore Scipio being made Consull made spéede to goe against the Numantines He ledde none with him of the souldioures by choyce both bycause they wer troubled with war and also bycause many of them were in Spaine He had some voluntary which were sent of kings cities by the consent of the Senate He led many seruants with him froÌ„ Rome and made one band of fiue C. companies and frieÌ„ds which he called Philonida that is the band of frieÌ„ds or felows And wheÌ„ he had appointed four M. of his souldiours to his cousin â—uteo he weÌ„t afore with great spéede to the army which he vnderstood was corrupted with ydlenesse riote sedition knowing he could not ouercome his enimies except he restreined kept his souldiours in awe with y temperance integritie of his gouernemeÌ„t So soone as he was come he put out all merchants harlots southsayers whome the souldioures in their feare would aske many questions and forbad any thing to be brought to the Camp that was not necessary And he forbad the sacrifices by the bowels whereof things to come were enquired And he would suffer but few slaues and drudges and coÌ„manded to sell all the beasts of burthen except a fewe néedefull He would haue the souldioures haue no cokes He forbad any other instruments or vessells of kitchen to be carried but a spit a panne and a vessell for drinke He would haue theÌ„ eate no flesh otherwise dressed but sodde or rost So he appointed measure to their diet He forbad theÌ„ featherbeds and he was the first that lay vpoÌ„ a bed of hay He forbad his souldiours in their iourneys to ride on Asses or Mules for he saide there was little good to be hoped of that man in warre that could not go afoote Likewise he reproued them y vsed ministers in hote houses and called theÌ„ Mules which for that they waÌ„ted haÌ„ds had néed of other to rub theÌ„ And thus he made his souldiours obedieÌ„t temperate by litle little acquainted theÌ„ with reuereÌ„ce feare being hard to heare their quarels or graÌ„ting any thing that was not iust He had oft that sentence in his mouth that easie fauourable and affable Captaynes were profitable to the enimie which though they were beloued of their souldyoures they set little by them They that be hard and seuere haue their souldyoures ready and obediente at all assayes the whiche though he has thus instructed yet he durst not bring them into the fielde till he had exercised them with much labour Therefore going dayly by one field or another he made diuers Campes one after another whiche being defaced he called the Souldyoures to worke agayne to digge the ditches higher and to fill them againe to make high walles and to pull them downe againe and he stode from morning till night to ouersee the pioners When he made any iourney he went with a square battell that it shoulde not be scattered by any suddaine attempte as had happened to other He rode about the army and sometime to the hindermost and bad the sicke should be borne on the horsemens horses He tooke the burdens from the Mules that were too much laden and diuided it to be borne of the footemen When he kepte himselfe in the house in sommer the troupes of horsemen that he sent to espye he commaunded at their returne to stand without at the treÌ„ch till another bande of horsemen had viewed all and all the labour and worke was diuided among the pioners that is some to make trenches some ditches and some walles and some to pitch tentes and to euery of them a certayne time was appointed to doe it When he perceyued his armye to be made fierce obediente and paynefull in sommer he encamped nygh Numantia yet did he not choose places very strong for his Camp as other were wont nor diuided his men least if anye losse should happe at the first he shoulde be contemned of his neyghboures whiche were wont to laugh at him Neither did he encounter with the enimie waying the nature and end of warre and the strength of the Numantines least they would come vpon him with all their force Therfore he commaunded to wast all things the corne to be cutte whilest it was gréene which being wasted he must néedes goe further The way that went to Numantia by the playne was shorter and many persuaded him to go that way to whome Scipio sayd he considered the way to returne for the enimie was full of shotte to come out to the sight and had the Citie at their backe to returne safely againe But we said he being laden with victual and wéery should be farre too weake for them Beside that we haue beastes of burdens and cartes and carriage so the fighte shoulde be hard and very vnequall for we being ouercome should be in great perill and if we did ouercome we should haue no great gayne and it were a folly to put hymselfe to perill for a small matter and he is an euill Captayne that fighteth without profite and he is valiante and wise that entreth the danger of fight when he is constreined by necessitie He brought an example of Phisitians which come not to cut and burne till they haue tryed the sicke place wyth medicines which when he had said he coÌ„manded the Captaines to leade y further way Then he coÌ„manded to goe further to the lande of the Vacceans where the Numantines had their victuall Their fieldes being wasted also and the corne gathered for the vse of the souldioures he burned the rest The Pallantines had laide many in awayte vnder certaine hilles adioyning to that playne called Coplanium and then openly molested theÌ„ that were at haruest Therefore Scipio sente Rutilius Ruffus that was hys Tribune who after committed this warre to wrighting wyth four bands of â—orse to stop their rangings Therefore Ruffus
them â–ª one in a robe of purple decked with rings bracelets of gold maketh diuerse shewes to moue laughter as flouting of enimies After him a multitude of Perfumers and the generall among these Perfumers in a chariote diuersly garnished for it was set with gold and stone of great price He was clad with a purple robe with barres of gold after his Countrey maner and a Scepter of Iuorie and a laurel which the Romane thinketh a token of victorie In the same Chariot be carried boyes and gyrles and on eyther side going men that be of kin Then follow they that haue bin scribes ministers and pages in the warre After them the army in bandes and companies with garlands and Laurell euery man with his giftes according to his worthynesse some of the rulers they prayse some they mocke and some they taunt For the triumph is priuileged and lawfull to say what they will. When Scipio was come to the Capitol the triumph ceassed and he feasted his friendes as the manner is at the Temple Thys ende had the seconde warre betwéene the Romaynes and Carthage begonne in Spaine and ending in Libya with these conditions about the hundred fourtie foure Gréeke Olympiade Massinissa falling out with the Carthaginians and trusting to the Romaines toke a great part of the Carthagies lande as belonging to him The Carthaginians desired the Romaynes to agrée Massinissa and them They sente arbitrours with instructions to helpe Massinissa as much as they might So Massinissa hadde the lande and a league was made betwene them for fiftie yeares in the whiche the Carthaginians hauing peace growe into great power and welth by the plentye of their ground and trafficke of the sea and againe as men be wonte in prosperitie were diuided some for the Romaines some for the people and some for Massinissa Of euery of these the chiefe in fame and vertue gouerned for the Romaines Hanno Magnus for the people Amilchar SaÌ„nâ—â— and Carthalo for Massinissa Annibal called Opsar They wayting the Romaynes being at warre with the Celtiberians and Massinissa at debate with other Iberians perswaded Carthalo the Boâ—tarche and for that office going aboute the countrey to make a fray vpon such as kept the land for Massinissa He killed some of them and chased the other and stirred the Libyans of that Countrey againste Massinissa and many conflictes were betwéene them till the Romaines sent other ambassadours to agrée them to whome was sayde the like that they should secretely fauour Massinissa they coÌ„firmed to Massinissa al that he had taken by this craft They said nothing nor they heard nothing least Massinissa should haue had the worst but being in the middest betwéene theÌ„ both they held vp their hands and thys was the coÌ„maundement and the Attonement Not long after Massinissa called into controuersie the greate lande and playnes of fifty Cities which they cal Tysca in the whiche the Carthaginians fledde againe to the Romaynes They promised to sende ambassadours and deferred so long till they thought Massinissa had the better Then they sent the Ambassadours and Cato They comming to the bateable land required both partes to stande to their arbitrement Massinissa was coÌ„tent bâ—cause hée trusted the Romanes and got by them The Carthaginians suspected as them that before hadde iudged not rightly They sayde the league made by Scipio néeded no iudgemente nor correctours â— bycause there was no breach of them The ambassadours not allowed to iudge of parte wente their waye and diligentlye marked the grounde verye well laboured â–ª with great preparation and when they went into the Citie perceiued of what strength it was and howe the people was encreased since Scipio hadde ouercome them whiche was not long Being come to Rome they sayde they had not suspition ynough of Carthage a Citie aduersarie and a neighbour that was excéedinglye increased And Cato chieflye sayde that Rome coulde not be sure nor in libertie till Carthage was destroyed The Senate vnderstanding it mynded to make warre on the Carthaginians but tarried for an occasion and kepte their iudgement close And Cato continuallye from that tyme sayde in the Counsell that Carthage muste not stande But Scipio Nassica saide the contrarye that Carthage muste be suffered to kepe the Romanes in feare and good order The peoples parte preuayling in Carthage putte out the friendes of Massinissa aboute the number of sourtye and they made a decrée of bannishmente and sware the people that they shoulde neyther receyue them agayne nor suffer any spéeche to be hadde of their restoring They being bannished fledde to Massinissa and prouoked him to warre He sent his two sonnes Galossa and Missipsa to require them to receiue the bannished men The ruler shut the gates against them least the kinsemen of the bannished might moue the people with their teares And Amilchar Samnis laye in wayte for them and set vpon Gelossa and killed some of his meÌ„ and made him afrayd Wherfore to giue occasion of warre Massinissa toke the Citie of â—â—scopa coueting it aboue the conditions The Carthaginians with fiue and twenty thousande footemen and four hundred horsemen of the Citie the ruler of y prouision being Captaine made warre against Massinissa and encamping nigh Asasis Sybas Captaines of Massinissa contendyng with the kings children fledde from him and ledde awaye sixe thousand Asdrubal encouraged by this camped nearer Massinissa and in the skirmishes had the better Massinissa to deceyue him went backe by little and little as though he had fledde vntill he had brought him into a desart field ful of hils and rocks and voyde of victual Then he turned and camped in the playn and Asdrubal ranne to the hils as the more surer and then entended to come the next day to fight Scipio the yonger that afterwarde toke Carthage seruing vnder Lucullus in Celtiberia came to Massinissa to desire him to send Elephants Massinissa preparing his body for the fight againstâ— the next daye sente horsemen to receiue him and diuerse of his sonnes He by breake of day ordered his army being ixxxviij yeares of age ryding yet very strongly and leaping vppon the bare horse as the manner is of the Numidians being a good captaine and a fighting souldiour The Numidians be most strong and among them that liue long of moste long life The cause is peraduenture that they haue no sharpe winter by the which euery thing is destroyed nor the sommer so hotte as the Aethiopians and Indians therefore this region bringeth forth moste strong beastes and the men be alwayes in the ayre and in laboure they drinke little wine and their diet is very simple and thinne Massinissa on horsebacke directed hys armye and Asdrubal brought his people which were very manye againste him for manye were come to hym out of the Countrey Scipio behelde the fighte from an hyghe place as from a Theatre He was wont to say that
when they had made an end Censorinus said Of that the Senate hathe commaunded what néede wée speake much for that it hathe commaunded it must be obeyed neither can we staye that they haue commaunded to bée doone For what we commaunde oure ennimyes to do wée doe but speake it and it muste be done And bycause the common profit is in talke bothe ours and muche more yours O Carthaginians I will not refuse to speake to you by reason if you can be perswaded rather than compelled The Sea putting you in mynde of your power and dominion stirreth you to offende and by that to fal into aduersitie For by that you haue ouercome Sicilie which being done you sayled into Spaine and tooke it in the tyme of truce ye robbed all Merchaunts and chiefly cures and that it might not be knowne ye drowned them till ye were taken and paide Sardinia for a penaltie So you loste Sardinia by the Sea whiche naturally prouoketh all men to couet too much bicause of the spéedy commoditie of it The Athenienses by being Sea-men didde winne muche and loste all For the Sea is like marchauntes gaines it hathe great encrease and is loste at once You know that they whome I nowe named dilating theyr dominion from the Ionian sea to the I le of Sicilie did not cease of coueting more before they hadde loste all their power and giuen Portes and Shippes to their ennimies and receyued a garrison into their Cittie and pulled downe their long wall and then were made to dwell vppon the highe lande the whiche saued the moste parte of them Surer is the life O Carthaginians vppon the lande labouring the earth with quyetnesse peraduenture the gaine is lesse but surer And lesse dangerous certainly is husbandry than Merchaundise And to me a Cittie in the sea séemeth rather a shippe than a lande hauing muche tossing of businesse and mutabilitie In the Inland the profitte is without perill as vppon the grounde And for thys the auncient Kingdomes for the moste parte were in the middest and of it were the greatest made as of the Medians the Assirians and the Persians and others But I wyll cease off examples of Kynges whyche do not agrée wyth you Looke vppon youre owne Libya in the whyche you shall haue neighboures as you wyll choose that you maye take awaye the sighte and memorye that stirre you to the thynges that nowe trouble you when you looke to the Sea voyde of Shyppes remembring the number of Shippes you haue hadde and the prayes you haue taken and to what Portes you brought them plentifullye and filled youre storehouses both of Shippes and Treasure-houses of all preparation Whereto serueth youre walls the receipte of youre armies horses and Elephantes Whereto is the memorie of them to you but griefe and a stirring to come agayne to the same if you can It is the affection of manne by the remembraunce of former fortune to hope to come againe to the like The best remedy against euill fortune is forgetfulnesse which you cannot haue except you take away the sighte And thys is a manifest proofe that beingmany times pardoned for the breache of your promise you haue broke it stil if you yet couet rule beare vs euil wil that haue taken it from you wait your time then haue you néede of such a citie of such ports Arsenalls and walls to be made to receiue your army And why shoulde we pardon you since we finde you suche aduersaries If you wil leaue your dominion in déede not in word rather than in sentence being content with the lande you haue in Libya and minde to kéepe without dissmâ—lation with vs do it shew it in deede go dwell in Libya which you haue and leaue the Sea which you haue losâ—â— Neyther counterâ—aâ—te pitie by holy thinges country Goddes common place and sepuâ—chres Whose sepulchres shall remaine vntouched and to make the ceremonies to them you may come and sacrifice to youre holye Goddes if you will. The reste we will take away For you do not sacrifice in Arsenals nor ye make no yeare-minds vpon the walles Altares houses and Palaices you may builde where you goe and they shall foorthwith be youre Countrey as you left Tyrus and came into Libya and that you possessed here you call your country And to be short learne that we do not 〈…〉 you this for euill will but for sure agréement and publique concorde If you can remember that Alba not an ennimie but a mother-citie not of euill minde but willing inhabitaunce for the common profite wée translated to Rome and it was profytable to both people But ye saye there be many with you that worke for theyr liuing by the sea This wée haue â—oreséene that you maye haue easie traffike by sea and maye carrye and receiue verye commodiouslye for we put you not far from the Sea but foure seore surlâ—ngs Wée that do commaunde you this bée a hundred surlongs from it wée gyue you a place choose it your selfe and when you are there to bée of your selfe Thys is it wée saide before that Carthâ—ge shoulde be frée iâ— shée obeyed vs Wée thinke you to be Carthage and not the ground When Censâ—â—inuâ— had said thys he ceased The Carthagâ—es being astonished said nothing Then he saide againe I haue spoken what I thought might perswade you and comforte you But the Senates commaundement muste bée done and that oute of hande Therefore goe your waye for yet you be Embassadors Thus he spake and they were remoued by the Sergeants â–ª And foreséeing what might follow of it at Carthage they desired leaue to speake againe and béeyng brought in they saide We sée your commaundement must be obeyed for you wyll not let vs sende to Rome we do not hope to returne to you for we shall be killed of the Carthaginians while we tell them your commaundement we beâ—â—â—ch you not for our selues for we be ready to suffer all things but for Carthage if iâ— maye be driuen to suâ—â—er calamiâ—ie by â—â—are sende your shippes thyther whiles we go that hearing and seeing your â–ª coÌ„maundement they may beare it if they can Into such extreme necessitie we are driuen â–ª as we desire you to sende your shippes against our owne countrey When they had thus sayde they went their way Censorâ—nus with twentie gallies shoared about the Cittie Some of the ambassadours fledde in the waye the more paâ—te wente on with silence The Carthaginians loking for the ambassadours comming on the wals were troubled with their tarriaunce and some â—ore their heare some woulde not tarry but went to mâ—â—te them so desirous to learne the trueth When they sawe them heauye they stroke their faces and did aske some of them al some of their friends and acquaintaunce and when they had saluted them and asked them and had none answere they lamented as in an euident distruction and some that heard them
from the wals lamented with them not knowing any thing as in a manifest and gret aduersitie At the entry of the gates they had almost thrust one another to death almoste torne the ambassadours in pieces but that this saued them that they must first speake with the Semors Some leâ—t them and some went on with them desirâ—us to know with the sooneâ—â— When they were entred the Senate house the Seniors commaunded the other to auâ—yde and they onely remayned the people stoode without The Ambassadourâ— showed the commaundement of the Consuls The Senate cryed â—ut the people without did the like The ambâ—ssadours shewing further what they had allâ—â—ged to the contrary and what prayers they had made to sende ambassadâ—urs to Rome the Senate was in a déepe silence again a bydiâ—g to heare the â—â—de and the people was in silence also but when they heard they might not seÌ„d to Rome they were turned into an exceeding shryking The people ranne into them Then fell they to a surye like madde men without reason as the ministers of Bacchus be wont which they saye shewe their madnes in diuerse maners Some were angry with the Senatours which wer the cauâ—â— why the pledgies were sent and spoyled and tore them as authours of the deceyt some for letting the armor go some missused the ambasadours as tellers of euil newes and dragged them aboute the Citie Some tormented the Italians that were yet there the case being sodayne and not proclaymed sundry wayes saying they were reuenged of their pledgies and armour The Cittie was full of anger feare and threates In the way they called vpon their best beloued things they fledde into the temples as to Sanctuaries they reuiled their goddes that coulde not helpe them Other went to the armaries and cryed when they found them empty Some went into the Arsenals and lamented their shippes as giuen to men without fayth and called some of the Elephants by name as they had bene presente some rebuked their auncestours and theÌ„selues that should neither haue giuen shippes rentes nor armour but had dyed wyth their armed Countrey And the mothers of the pledgies did moste moue them to rage which like vnto tragical Furiâ—s ranne to euery man with shryking and obiected the deliuerie of their children and their speaking against it and tolde them God did punishe them for their children A â—ew that were sober shut the gates and filled the walles full of stones in steade of other weapons The Senate decréed warre that day and gaue libertie to bond men They chose generals Asdrubal for the outward affaires that was condemned to death hauing then togither twentye thousand men and one wente to him in haste to desire him not to forsake his afflicted countrey in extréeme pâ—rils nor to thinke nowe on the iniurie that was done him for feare of the Romaines Within the walles another Asdruball was chosen a nephewe of Massinissa by his daughter They sente to the Consuls for thirtie dayes respight to sende to Rome Being denyed this also they fell into a maruellous change of courage whyther they shoulde suffer it or leaue their Cittie and forthwith were filled with boldenesse with a new change The common houses the publique Temples and all the holy places and euerie other worke of anye strength they wrought vppon daye and night men and women not ceassing and gathered victualles by partes as the time did serue euerye daye they made a hundred shieldes thrée hundered swordes and a thousand arrowes to shoote fiue hundred speares and pykes and as many bowes and slinges as they could The women shaued their haire to make strings for them bycause they wanted other matter and continued in thys prouision The Consuls peraduenture stayed to beginne so monstrous a matter with leysure thinking to take the citie vnarmed when they would and supposed that they wold giue ouer for want as in hard cases men be wont at the first to be earneste but wyth time reason being perswaded giue place to feare by the whiche one of the Carthagies supposing feare had possessed them durste come into the common place as though he would haue spoken of some other matter sayd that they being vnarmed ought to take the meaner euill euen so playnelye speaking his sentence Now was Massinissa angry greuously offended with the Romanes y he bringing the Carthagies force vpoÌ„ their knées now he saw other run for the title and came to the thing not makyng him priuy as they were wont to do in other wars The Consuls likewise hadde him in some suspition and sent to him for ayde he answered he would send them ayde when he shoulde vnderstande they had néede and sending not long after asked if they had anye néede They not suffering his pride and distrusting him as one offended aunswered they woulde sende to hym when they néeded For victuall for the armye they hadde only from Adrumeto Leptis Saxo Vtica and Colle All the the rest of Libya was Asdrubals from the whiche he sente victuals to Carthage Being victualled for a fewe dayes the Consulles marched to the Cittie of Carthage prepared to fight The Citie standeth in a gret déepe gulfe almost as an Iland a place called a neck did diuide it froÌ„ the laÌ„d 25. furlongs brode from the which a narrow piece of ground called a towne halfe a furlong broade goeth to the weast in the â—â—â—dest of the poole and the sea with a simple wall among the rockes towarde the south lande warde where the olde Citie Byrsa was In the neck was a triple wall Euerye one of these was thirtie Cubites high beside the batlements and towers distaunt two acres asunder stayde by foure planchers thirtie foote deepe at the plaÌ„cher was the higth of euery wall and in it being rounde and strong thrée hundred Elephants were placed belowe and the treasure of their store Vpon theÌ„ was stables for four thousand horses with granaries for wheate and barley There was receytes for men twentie thousand a foote and foure thousande on Horse so greate prouision of warre was appointed to be placed in the walles only One hooke about the narow part did bow from the wall to the portes which was only weake and lowe not regarded at the beginning They sayled out of one porte to another and from the sea there was one entrye lxx foote broade which they did shut with chaynes of yron The firste was for merchauntes in the which were manye and diuerse places of receyt Within this in the middest was an Ile and both the I le and the poole was compassed with greate holowe corners the which were full of munition for shippes able to receiue two hundered twentie ships and Cellers for preparation of shippes and gallies furniture two pitlers of Ionian fashion stoode before euery porte of shippes like a gallery in the sight of them that passed by the Iland and the port In the I le was the store for
enimy so as the CarthaginiaÌ„s being made afrayde both wayes fledde into the citie Thys also redounded muche to Scipio his glorie Wherefore he was well spoken of by euerie man and thought a worthy sonne of Paulus that conquered Macedonie and of the Scipios into whose family he was adopted Manlius going to Nepheris against Asdrubal Scipio was not contente séeing al wooddes and hylly places and the high places gotten before and as they were thrée furlongs from Asdrubal and coÌ„ming to a riuer must ascend to Asdrubal he stayd then and counselled him to retire and that another time and pollicie should be more fitte to match with Asdrubal The other Tribunes speaking against him for enuy and malice not thinking it good counsell to giue place in the sight of the enimye whereby they might contemne them and set vpon them as flying hée againe desired them to put their campe on the hyther side of the riuer that if they were put to it they might haue a place to resorte where as nowe they hadde none wherevnto they might flye They laughed at this and one threatned to caste away his sworde if not Manlius but Scipio did rule Therefore Manlius went on not verye skilfull in the warre Asdruball encountred with him and there was greate slaughter on both sides Then Asdruball ranne into a castle where was no peril and wayted to set on them as they wente who repenting that they had done they retired to the floud in order but the floud being hard to passe bycause of fewe fourdes and painful they wer forced to break their order Whych when Asdrubal saw he came downe manfully and killed many that did not resiste but fledde and thrée of the Captaines were slaine that brought the army to that conflicte But Scipio with thrée hundred horsemen that he had and as manye as he coulde get togither diuided into thrée companies gaue charge vpon the enimie with greate vehemence by portions darting at them and retyring then vppon them and agayne returning For so he tolde them that halfe of them should assayle the enimies and throw their dartes as being in a circle This being eâ—t done and the Libyans without any staye being shotte at continuallye and all turning vppon Scipio the other had the lesse trouble to passe the riuer And Scipio rode after them being stroke at verye sore Foure companies at the beginning of the fray being put from the floude by the enimies ranne to an hill where Asdrubal besieged them vnknowne to the Romanes till they stayed When they knewe it some thoughte good to goe their waye and not to aduenture many for a fewe Scipio tolde them that before a marter is begonne good counsell muste be hadde but so manye menne and ensignes being in daunger the vttermeâ—â—e boldenesse muste be vsed He chose certaine troupes of horsemen and said he would returne with them or gladly die with them He tooke with him two dayes victuall and streight went forth all the army being afraide least he also shoulde perish When he came to the hill where they were besieged he with great speede tooke an other hill ouer-againste it diuided by a little valley Then the Libyans didde giue an hote charge vpon them that were besieged thinking Scipio coulde not succoure them being in so long a iorney But he séeing the bottomes of the hills compassing the valley did not omit the occasion but ranne and tooke a place aboue the enimies They beyng now â—eset rounde aboute fled without order Scipio suffering them to go fréely bycause they were a great deale more than he Thus Scipio saued these also that were in desperation When the army sawe him come a farre off beyng saued beyond hope and hauing saued the other they made great reioyce and thoughte God wrought with him as he did with his Grandfather that séemed to knowe what was to come Manlius led his army to the Cittie againe putting great faulte in them that woulde not obey Scipio when he counselled to retire with the army All were muche grieued that they that were killed laye vnburied specially the Tribunes Therfore Scipio losed a prisoner and sent him to Aslrubal praying him to bury the Tribunes Hée sought among the dead bodies and found them by their rings of golde For the Tribunes of an army weare gold and the inferiours yron Hée buried them either as an acte of humanitie and coÌ„mon among warriors or reuerencing and seruing Scipios glorie When the Romaynes were come from Asdrubal Phameâ—â— troubled them being yet afraide of their losse And some issued oute of Carthage and killed some of their cariage At this time the Senate sent certaine men to sée the Campe and to marke euery thing diligently And Manlius and the counsel and the Tribunes that were left enuy beyng now extinct by vertue al the army testified what actes Scipio had done for theÌ„ The which the Ambassadors at their returne tolde the Senate what diligence and experience was in Scipio and what goodwill of the army was toward him The Senate was glad of it And bicause of their many losses they sent to Massinissa and required him to send friendlye aide to them againste Carthage But he was not found of the Embassadors For being decayed with age and infirmitie and hauing many base sonnes to whome he had giuen much and thrée lawfull of diuers conditioÌ„s he called Scipio for the amitie that was betwéene him and his grandfather to be a counseller for hys children and kinsmen He went oute of hande but before hée came Massinissa dying commaunded his children to obey Scipio as he shoulde take order for them Which when he had saide hée died a man in all thinges fortunate to whome God graunted to recouer his fathers kingdom from the Carthaginians and Syphax and to encrease it from a greate parte of Mauritania by Sea to the dominion of Cyrene by land and caused a great portion to he inhabited And many of the NumidiaÌ„s that liued with hearbs and vsed no tillage he left them with treasures of mony and army well practised Of his ennimies he tooke Syphax prisoner with his own hand Beyng the cause of the variance with Carthage he left it weake to the Romanes He hadde a body big and streng of nature to his laste age and tried fight till hys death and woulde leape on horse without stirrops And this may be a great coniecture of hys good health for hauing many children they sometime dying he hadde tenne little ones and lefte one of foure yeares of age when he was 900. years olde Thus Massinissa of these yeares and body dyed Scipio gaue to the bastardes other gifts to the Legitimate treasures and reuenue and to haue the name of a Kyng common to them and diuided other things among them as he thoughte good To Micipsa that was oldest and moste desirous of peace he gaue the Citie of Cyrta and all the royall thinges in
hadde an heauy night neither burying the deade nor healing the hurte some dying and all lamenting themselues for all things appeared wythoute helpe They remembred the day woulde bring more care if they shoulde goe awaye in the night by those huge playnes and carry the hurte souldioures with them it would be a lette vnto them if they lefte them behinde they woulde crie and disclose theyr going away And althoughe they thoughte Crassus to be the Authour of al this euill yet they desired to sée hym and heare hym speake Hée was by himselfe with his face couered in the darke An example to the cōmon sort of fortune and to the wise of want of wisedom and ambition by the which he was not contente to be one of the chiefe gretest among many thousands suche as he was but bicause he was iudged inferior onely to two men he thought hymselfe the least of all Octauius his Legate and Cassius raised him and badde him be of good chéere But when they sawe him in vtter desperation they called the officers and captaines shewing it was no tarrying there but to departe withoute sounde of trumpe and secreately whiche being done and the hurte men perceyuing they were forsaken a great lamentation with sorrowfull crie was made in the Camp which staide them with trouble and feare as thoughe the enimie had come vpon them Then resting to take the wounded men and to bestow them and cary them it was a lette vnto them sauing to thrée hundred whiche Egnatius led to Carras at midnight and speaking latin to the watch he willed to tel Coponius that was captain them of the garrison that a great fielde was sought betwéene Crassus and the Parthians More he saide not nor they asked what he was and so he went to the bridge and saued his bande yet he was euill thought of bicause he forsoke his Generall Notwithstanding that worde spoken to Copenio did good to Crassus For he thinking that all was not well bicause of the sodaine and straunge spéech gathered his men togither and went to méete Crassus in the way and receiue his souldiors into the Cittie The Parthians hearing the going awaye by night did not folow them But when daye was come they killed them that were lefte whiche were no lesse than foure thousande In the playne they ouertooke manye with their horsemen and killed them Foure bandes that Vergunteius led in the night losing their waye were slaine not without resistance except twentie They breaking thorowe with their naked swordes the ennimies maruelling at their manhoode they suffred to passe a souldiors marche to Carras A false tale was tolde Surena that Crassus wyth the chiefe was fledde and the common sorte were receyued at Carras Hée thinking the victorie was not yet gotten standing in doubt and coueting to learne the truthe that eyther he might besiege the Cittie or followe Crassus or let hym goe he sent one of his men that could speake both tongues to the walls commaunding him to speake Latine and to call Crassus or Cassius and to tell them that Surenas woulde speake with them He doing so and it being tolde to Crassus the message was receiued Shortly after came certaine Arabians that knewe Crassus and Cassius hauing bin in their camp before the fight They séeing Cassius vpon the wall saide Surenas would make them friendes with the King and saue them so they woulde departe with Mesopotamia for so it were better to do than trie the vttermost Casius accepting if and requiring a time and place for Crassus and him to méete togither they answering so to doe departed When Surenas hearde this of the messengers being glad that they were in a place as besieged he willed the Parthians the next daye to goe with a greate crie and require that if the Romanes woulde haue peace with the Parthians to sende Crassus and Cassius bounde to the King. They were grieued that they were deceiued and counselled Crassus to leaue the long and vaine hope of Armenia and to saue himselfe and to let none of the Carrenans knowe it But he made it knowne to Andromachus a very false fellowe whome he trusted and made him guide of the way so as nothing was kepte from the Parthians all being tolde by Andromachus And where it is not their custome to fight by night nor no sure thing to thē and where Crassus went out by night that they shoulde not be too farre off in folowing the fléeing Capitaines Andromachus ledde the Romanes this way and that waye and at laste putte them in a fenny and marrish place which should be hard for the footmē to folow Some thought not wel of Andromachus turning compassing followed not Therefore Cassius went againe to Carras when y guids which were Arabians willed him to make hast before the Moone were paste Scorpion but I saide he feare more Sagittarie and then went into Syria with fiue hundred horses They hauing gote good guides went by the hilly places whiche are called Synacha and they were safe and before daye hadde ouertaken aboute fiue thousande Octauius a good man was leader of them The daye being come Crassus had a weary iorney by the Fenne and strange way ledde by Andromachus He had foure bandes of Legatemen with him and fewe horse and fiue Sergeants with whome hauing this weary iorney and scarcely staying for rest the ennimies were at hand He hadde a myle and halfe to ioyne with Octauius and therefore to an other little hyll not able to kepe the horse backe nor otherwise sure but ioyning to Synaces and stretching with a long space thorowe a large field that was nighe it They with Octauius might see in what daunger he was and firste Octauius went with a fewe to saue hym The other reprouing themselues folowed kept the ennimies from the hyll and compassed Crassus in the middest and defended him with their Tergats so as the shot of the Parthians shoulde not hurte the Generall before they all fighting for him were slaine When Surenas sawe the Parthians slowly doing their feate if the night came on that the Romanes by going in hilly places should not be ouertaken of them he wroughte wiles wyth Crassus He caused talke to be in the Campe so as same Romane captaines might heare it that the King would not make war continually with the Romanes but would bée gladde of their friendeship And vse Crassus gently And they wente and tolde it The Barbarians ceassed from the fight Surenas with the chiefe went quietly to the hill he vnbent his bowe he offred his righte hande and called Crassus to truce saying It was agaynste the Kings will that he had proued his force and power nowe hée shoulde willingly féele his clemencie and mildenesse and béeing confedered suffer all to goe safe When Surena had saide this the other were gladde of it and woulde haue it followed Only Crassus did not credite it and
he sawe the Parthians fetching their compasse and seeking to stoppe his waye hée commaunded the token of fight to be giuen and the campe to be leauied not as though he woulde fight but marche He passed by the Barbarians who were sette like a crescent commaunding the horsemen that when the footemen were so nigh as they mighte fight that the horsemen should turne vpon them The Parthians did iudge the Romaines order to be better by reason and behelde them marching wyth equall distaunce quietlye and with silence shaking their weapons When the token was giuen and they went on with shoute the horsemen turned vppon the enimie who receyued them with defence although they were within the shotte But when the footemen came with crye clashing of armour the horsemen of the Parthians gaue place with disorder and fledde before they came to handes Antonie followed the chase hauing greate hope to make an ende eyther of the whole warre or of a great part of it when they had folowed the chase the footemen sixe miles and the horsemenne thrice so muche They found no more taken but thirtie nor no more slayne but foure scoure euerye manne thinking it an harde case that they hauing victorye shoulde kyll so fewe and loosyng theyr Engines with so manye When they were ouercome they fell into a greate discourage and doubte of themselues The next daye they passed to Phraartes Campe and by the waye founde first a fewe enimies then more at last all as inuincibly and not to be hurte they prouoked him euerye where set vpon him so as hardly and with muche adoe the Romanes went to their Campe. And where they of the Citie hadde mace a sallie and put some of the Romanes from their trenche Antony was so angry as he punished euery tenth maÌ„ by death according to the deserte taking euery tenth by lotte that hadde forsaken his place and to the other insteade of wheate hée gaue barley The warre was painefull to bothe and the continuance more fearefull Antonie perceyuing hunger would folowe for he coulde get no forage without death and hurte of his souldiors Phraates knowing the Parthians had rather doe any thing than to lie in fielde and in an other land in the winter was afraide that if the Romanes did hold out and tarry that they woulde leaue hym the ayre begynning to chaunge and the time of equall day and night being at hande he deuised this crafte The best of the Parthians vsed the Romanes more gently in their foraging and other encounters suffering them to carry away some things and praysing their vertue as of men moste valiaunt in warre and in great estimation with their king as they were wel worthy And by this meane comming nearer togither and suffring the horsemenne to passe spake euill of Antonie bicause Phraates woulde gladly haue peace and spare so good and so many menne that had giuen none occasion but that he would tarry and abide two gret and harde enimies that is Winter and Hunger from the whiche they coulde hardely escape thoughe the Parthians would suffer them Many declaring this to Antonie and he deceiued by this hope deferred to sende an Heraulte to the Parthians king till he knewe of those wel willing Barbarians if they spake so muche with the Kings consent They affirming and promising that he ought not doubt nor dreade he sent one of his friendes againe requiring to receiue the ensigns the Captiues that he might not be thought altogither to saue himselfe and to escape The Parthians aunswering be shoulde not passe of that but if he did departe he shoulde haue peace and safete â—â— and by wherefore wythin fewe dayes he brake vppe and went his way And whereas he was eloquent in perswading and was wente to 〈…〉 the people and the armye by hys orations now for shame and heauinesse he omitted to speake to the multitude and commaunded Domitius Aenobarbus to do it Some were angry as though he despised them but the more parte were content and perceyued the matter therefore thought the rather to graunt and obey their Generall Béeing aboute to leade them the playne and barren waye a man that by kinde was called Mardus acquainted with the Parthian fashion faithfull to the Romanes and at the fielde of the engins came to Antonie and willed him to flée on the right hand of the hills and not to caste his armye laden with harnesse and weary with iourneys to suche a mighte of horse and shorte and that Phraates vnder shewe of beneuolence went aboute to entâ—aâ— him and that he woulde leade hym a shorter way in she whiche he shoulde haue sufficiencie of all things When Antonie heard this he tooke counsel and said he would not séeme too distruste the Parthians touching the peace but for the shortnesse of the way and the plentifull Townes inhabited hée praysed Mardus and requyred saith of him He offred to be be and till he brought them into Armenia Being bound he ledde them .ij. days very quietlie The which done Antony not looking for y Parthians and going negligently bycause of his boldenesse Marde sawe the banke of the floud newe broken and much water enterunning the place where they shoulde passe He knewe it was the Parthians worke to make their way the harder and to set that floude as an impdeiment vnto them and willed Antonie to 〈…〉 about him for the ennimie was not farre off Whiles he set hys men in order and commaunded the shotte to encounter with the beholde the Parthians appeared and came as they woulde haue compassed and dissolued the army The shotte comming vppon them and hurte being done on both sides they retyred and after came againe Then the French horsmen encountred with them and putte them backe so as that day they did no more attempte By this Antonie learning what he shoulde do he placed manye shotte not onely at the taileâ— out one she sides leadyng the armye in a square commaunding the horsemen to putte backe the ennimies but not to followe them too farre So the Parthians in these foure dayes hauyng done no more hurte than receiued waxed flowe and entended to goe their waye making Wynter their pretence The fifth daye Flauius Gallus a good Souldioure and a forwarde in feates of warre required Antonie to giue him some shotte for hys rerewarde and horsmen for hys fore warde and he woulde do a good seruice He gaue him and he kept backe the ennimies But nowe not returning to the footemen as he did before but following and fighting with more courage when the leaders of the â—aile saw him go too far they called hym backe but he would not They say Titius did take the Ensigne to turne him backe and rebuke Gallus that woulde lose so manye and so good men and that he rebuked him agayne and badde him medle with his owne matters and so Titius went his way Gallus setting vppon the face
of Rome would die with him so refused to obey Atinius neither paying tribute nor giuing hostages Atinius seÌ„ding .v. bands against them they ouercame them and their leader Bebius a Senatour Atinius with the reste fledde to Epidamno Then the Senate appointed to M. Brutus and C. Cassius that killed Caesar Macedonia and Illyria with Syria So they making warre wyth Antonie Caesar that was called Augustus the Illyrians had no quietnesse The Paeones a gret nation inhabiting alongst Hister stretcheth from the Iaepodans to the Dardones They are called Paeones of the Grecians and of the Romanes Pannonians and of them as wée haue sayde they bee called parte of the Illyrianâ— of the which now I will speake somewhat béeyng about to shew the Illyrian state They glorie much in the Agrians which were Macedonians comming out of Paeonia did great seruice vnder Philip Alexander And after Cornelius was ouerthrowne of theÌ„ with al his army the fame of the Paeonians waxed very gret made Italie afraide Therfore of a long time after the Consulls woulde not take vppon them to warre with the Paeonians And these great things haue I founde of the Illyrians But in Caesars Commentaries that was called Augustus I finde no auntient matter of the Paeonians It should seeme there was an other part of Illyria that did obey the Romanes but what the name was I can not tel For Augustus didde not write other mens actes but his owne howe he brought them that reuolted from the Empyre to Tributes and ouercame other that liued vnder their own laws and lastely how he conquered the barbarous nations that dwell in the heigth of the Mountaines that were nexte Italie and vsed by stealth to molest it And surely I maruell that so manye armies passing from Rome ouer the Alpes did contemne these nations For Caius Caesar so happy a man in warre and leading so manye armies againste the Celtes and Iberians did likewise little passe of these nations when he lay euery Winter not far from them by the space of tenne yeares But I thinke these menne making haste onely to that they purchased did care for no more but for passage ouer the Alpes C. Caesar being long about Celtica thought it ynough to end that the ciuill warre of Pompey calling him from the rest And where he séemed to chose both Celtica and Illyria he tooke rule not of all but of them that belonged to the Romanes But Caesar Augustus got al when he accused the ydlenes of Antonie to the Senate he shewed how he had made the fierce nation of the Illyrians so oft rebelling tame he subdued with great experience the Oxeans Perthenetans Bathiates Taulantians Cambians Cinambrans Merromenâ—ns and Prisseans And theÌ„ that rebelled which were the Docleatans Carinians Interfrurians Narisians Clintidions the Taurisâ—ans which he compelled to pay their tributes after they had denied them the whiche being ouercome the nexte that is Ippâ—sinans and Bessians for feare did yéelde vnto him And hee ouercame the Corcyrians Melitinans with greate fight by sea bicause they were rouers on the sea The children he killed the other hée solde And tooke the shippes from the Liburnians bicause they also robbed on the sea Of the Iapodans that dwel within the Alpes the Moentines and Aedeatians yeelded to him when he came The Aurupians whiche were many and warlike of the Iapodan kind went oute of the countries into their Cittie and when he came they lurked in wooddes He tooke their Citie but would not set it afyre thinking they would yéeld to him at length Which beeing done he gaue them their citie to inhabite Of al other the Salassans and Iapodans that dwell beyonde the Alpes made him to haue moste to do with whom the Segestanes Dalmatians Daisians and Paeonans ioyned They kéepe the toppes of the hilles that bée mountaines vnpassable an harde and narrowe way leading to them by truste whereof they liue of themselues and take toll of them that passe Veterus comming sodainelye vppon them gote the straightes of the place by policie and besieged them twoo yeares They wanting salte wherof they had most néed receiued garrisons After rebelling from Veterus and casting down the desences they got the streights and laughed at them that Caesar sent bicause they could do little against them Therefore Caesar beginning warre against Antonie lette them liue as they woulde and forgaue them that molested them that obeyed the Romanes till Messala Coruinus sent of Caesar to subdue them ouercame them by famine And so the Salassians came into the Romanes power The Iapodans that inhabite beyond the Alpes a most fierce nation and almoste wilde didde reiecte the Romanes twice in .xx. yeares and raâ—nged to Aquileia and spoyled the Romanes land called Torgius When Caesar wente againste them they were the more fierce agaynste hym and cut down wood to stop him And when Caesar went to an other wood they fled and as he followed they layde traines for him Caesar suspecting it sent some of hys to the toppes of the hilles to sette vppon them on bothe sides He comming easly and cutting the wooddes they sodainely appeared from the traines and hurte many But when the other were come from the toppes they were destroyed The reste flodde into the wooddes againe leauing their Citie whose name was Terponus Caesar tooke it but did not burne it neither thinking they also woulde render as they didde Then he went to an other Cittie whiche they call Metulio which is the chiefe City of the Iapodans It is scituate vppon two hilles in a wooddy place betwéene the whiche a little valley goeth And the youth to the number of thrée thousande well practised in armes did easily repell the Romanes from the walles The Romanes set vppon a mounte the whiche they within and the other withoute runnyng daye and nighte didde muche hinder hauyng some engines whyche they hadde gotten in the warre whereby they made the Romaynes to lye further off For they hadde gotten theyr engines in that place where Brutus foughte with Caesar and Antonie But when the Romanes hadde beaten downe parte of theyr walles they made fortes within and when they were wearye they leapt into them that they had nowe made The Romanes taking the wall that they hadde lefte burned it and sette two mountes against the other from the whiche they made also foure bridges to the walles When all was readye Caesar badde some goe to the other side of the Citie to drawe the Citizens asunder and willed the other to goe vppon them on the bridges and he stoode and looked vppon an highe Tower what was done The Barbarians came to resiste them that gaue the assaulte at the wall The other laying traynes behinde beating the bridges with their long speares waxed more fierce And when two of the bridges were broken and the thirde lyke to fall the Romanes were
in suche a feare as none woulde go to the fourth Caesar rebuked them from the Tower but they woulde neuer the sooner goe Wherefore he tooke a shield and ran to the bridge with him Agrippa Hierom and Lucius that were Capitaines Volas one of his Guard only these .iiij. â–ª and fewe other Tergatebearers went on the bridge When Caesar was on the bridge the Souldioures being ashamed ranne straighte vnto him by the reason whereof the bridge being ouer laden brake and manye fell to the grounde of the whiche some dyed Caesar béeyng hurte on the right leg the arme went to the tower again some of the chiefe following him that he might shewe himselfe euidently to bée aliue least some tumulte might be made for his death or the enimies thinke he had fled and by by commanded an other bridge to be made which thing chiefly made the Metulians afraide The next day sending Embassadors for peace they promised to deliuer v. C. pledges receiue a garrisoÌ„ And leauing the higher hill they al went into the other When y garrison coÌ„manded theÌ„ to leaue their armor they were grieued putting their wiues children in their Senatehouse receyuing the garrison they tolde the Romanes that if they required of them any vnreasonable thing they would burne that place set vpon the Romanes for desperation Which when they had said they al went from the lowe place to the higher Then the garrison set y house afyre many of the women killed themselues their children some broughte their children aliue threw theÌ„ into the fire So al the youth of the Metulians perished with battaile the vnprofitable sort with fire the city was so burned that as great as it was there was not a tokeÌ„ lefte of it The Metulians being ouercome the rest of the Iapodans yéelded to Caesar Thus the Iapodans beyond the Alpes became subiecte to the Romanes When Caesar was gone the Possemans rebelled whom Marcus Elbius ouercame killed theÌ„ that were cause of the rebellion made the rest slaues The Romanes hauing gone twice against the Segestanes neither tooke hostages nor any thing else from them wherefore they were the more boldened Caesar went against them through the Paeonian land who wer not yet obedient to the Romanes Their land is woddy stretcheth aloÌ„g from the Iapodans to the Dardanans The Paeontans haue no cities but lands houses togither nor any common Justice or Princes to rule ouer them They had an C. M. fighting men of the best yeres but bicause they had none to command theÌ„ they came not togither WheÌ„ Caesar came they ran into the wooddes if they found any stragling they killed them Caesar thinking they wold haue come to him did neither burne their fields nor their villages but bicause they came not he set all on sire and eight dayes togither did them much harme and so passed to the floude Saâ—us in the banke of the whiche was a Cittie strong by the floude and a great ditche Wherfore Caesar assaulted it as a store house for the warre against the Daceans Bastarnans which dwell beyond Hister This floude in that place is called Danubius and going to other lower places hath the name of Hister Saâ—us reÌ„neth into it Caesar had shippes in the floude that might bryng victuall to the armie by Danubio for this Caesar would haue the citie of Segesta as he went forward The Segestanes sent Embassadours vnto him to know what they should doe he willed theÌ„ to receyue garrison and deliuer pledges that he might haue their citie as a store house for his warre against the Daceans as much corne as they could bring The chiefe men thought good to do it but the people began to rage and cared not for the hostages bicause they should be of the great meÌ„ but when the garrison came they could not abide to sée them but ranne vpoÌ„ them furiously and shutte the gates and shewed themselues agayne vpon the walles Wherefore Caesar made a bridge euer the floudde and raysed trenches ditches about it And when he had shut them in their citie he erected two mountes which they hindred as much as they might but when they could not defeate the mountes they threwe fire and burning linkes vpoÌ„ them froÌ„ an higher place Ayde was comming to them from an other nation of the Paeonians against whome Caesar layee ambushes and so killed parte of them and parte fledde so as there came no more helpe to the Segestans They enduring the siege very valiantly were ouercome the .xxx. day at a harde fight and then learned to make supplication whose ver ue Caesar marueling and moued with pitie of their prayers did not kill them or otherwise molest them but punished them by the purse and placed them in an outwarde parte of the Citie and put in thirtie bands for their garrison This done he went to Rome to returne againe into Illyria When it was tolde that the Segestanes had slayne the garrison whiche was in the Citie he came agayne with all spéede though it were winter Then hearing the rumor to be false he vnderstoode of truth that they were in daunger That the Segetanes had sodainly sette vppon them and killed many but that the next day the souldiours had giuen an onset vpon the Citizens and gotten the Citie Wherfore he turned his warre to the Dalmatians an other nation of the Illyrians next the TaulaÌ„tians The Dalmatians after they had giuen an ouerthrowe of fiue bandes vnder Gabinius and taken fiue ensignes they were proude of their prosperitie were in armour ten yeares togither and when Caesar came decréede to helpe the Segestanes They were aboue 12000. good fighting meÌ„ had made one Versus their captaine He inuaded again Pomona a citie of that Liburnians defensed it with trenche ditch got other strong places of that country For it is al hillie the toppes whereof stand vp like pynacles The greater part of theÌ„ were in the Citie and the rest kept the hil toppes so as they mighte easily sée the Romanes armye Caesar dessembled as thoughe he would enclose them al in a wall but priuily bad the bolde sorte to go to the mountaynes to espie what was to be done there They going by the woods secretly in the night set vpon the kepers whom being yet asléepe they killed and signifyed to Caesar that they were at the end of their iourney and must haue more men to get the Citie and let some go from the hils to tel others that were in other mountaines Wherfore the Barbarians were put into great feare when they saw themselues beset on euery side chiefly they that were in the higher hils for lacke of water fearing the wayes would be shut on all sides they got theÌ„ into Pomona Caesar enclosed the Citie two of the highest hylles
that were yet holden of the enimies xl furlongs about in the meane season gaue an onset vpon Teutinus another captaine of the Dalmatians put him to flight and chased him by the mountaines toke the citie in his sight For y Citizens coÌ„ming out before the preparation was finished they had a repulse and the Romanes in the flight got into the Citie with theÌ„ when they had slaine the third part of the Citizens they droue the rest into the Castle There was one bande of the Romanes that kept the gats vppon whom when the Barbarians issewed the fourth night they were afrayd and forsoke the gates but Caesar came repulsed the enimies and the next day they yeelded to them Of the band that offended he punished euery tenth man by lot Of y Captaines of that bands he chastised two of euery ten the other at the sommer he coÌ„maunded to eate barley in stead of wheate Thus was Pomona taken Teutinus had diuided his army into diuerse parts in the hils wherefore the Romanes did not folow them farre being ignoraunt of the way and fearing the vnknowen and consounded pathes For there is no entrie into the woods by any plain way and the Dalmatians did lurke between two hils when they layd wayte for Gobinius in the which place they set also an ambushe for Caesar but he burned the woods on eyther side the way and sent his army by the hils and himselfe went vp the vallies cutting downe the woods inuading the Cities and burning what so euer was in his way He besieged the Citie Setouia into ayde of the whiche came a great number of Barbarians with whom Caesar met and wold not suffer them to passe Being hurt in that fight in the knée he lay sicke many dayes Being recouered he went to Rome for the Consulshippe which he toke with Bar batio Tullo leauing Statilius Taurus to ende the warre he entring his office at the beginning of the month That daye Antonie being appointed to his charge he went again against y Dalmatians keping yet the power of the thrée men for now the seconde fiue yeares were expired the which they toke of themselues the people confirmed it Therfore the Dalmatians being in waÌ„t of victuals on euery side they came of theÌ„selues to Caesar humbly yéelding and deliuering seauen hundered hostagies of their olune children Caesar commaunded them to bring the ensignes that they had taken from Gabinius and to pay the tribute whiche they promised to Caius Caesar and had deferred to this tyme And so they were made the more obedient to the Romaines euer after Caesar set these ensignes in the Gallerie that is called Octauia When the Dalmatians were ouercome the Derbanes came to yéelde themselues and to deliuer pledges and pay tributes which they had so long omitted Then Caesar came néerer to them and they deliuered their pledges which in his absence being sicke they refused to do These are thought to be the laste whiche Caesar brought to obedience whiche before had reuolted and were not acquainted with others rule Wherefore the Senate appoynted him to triuâ—phe of the Illyrians which he did when he had ouercome Antonie The other Illirians that the Romanes had before the Paeonians were the Retians Nâ—rigians Mitians whiche inhabite at the Euxine sea I thinke C. Caesar did subdew the Retians and Noritians when he made warre vpon the Celtians or that Augustus did conquere them when he inuaded the Paeonians for they haue their habitation betwéene both I finde no warre made against them of purpose wherfore I thinke they were ouercome with their neighbours For M. Lucullus L. Lucullus brother that ouercame Mithridates did ouerrunne all the region of the Mytians and helde his course to the floud in the which place there be foure Greeke cities next to y Mytians that is Histrâ—s Dionisopâ—lâ—s Odisus and Mesembria Then he brought out of Gallia that great Apollo that standeth in the palace I do not remember that any other that ruled that common wealth did bring the Mytians to tribute or Augustus but Tiberius which reigned after Augustus had them But these things are shewed of me in their place Before they had Egipt what the Emperours did after Egipt was wonne or how they spedde in warre we haue shewed them as their proper actes after these coÌ„mon enterprises in the which many things be also conteyned of the Mysians Now seing the Romanes take the Mysians to be Illyrians this booke shal be named of me the Illyrians the which I wrote that it might be an absolute matter For Lucullus ruling in the peoples time did ouerrun the Mysians and Tiberius did receyue them vnder his Monarchie ¶ The Romanes warre with the Celtes THe Celtes did first inuade the Romanes and toke Rome without the Capitoll and burned it Camillus did ouercome them and dryue them away and when they came agayne another time he dyd ouerthrow them and triumphed of them wheÌ„ he was fourescore yeares of age The thirde time they came into Italy when they were destroyed by the Romanes vnder Tiâ—us Quintus their Generall After them the Boians a most fierce nation of the Celtes came vpon the Romanes and Caius Sulpitius Dictator wente agaynste them and vsed this policie He had the Souldyoures of the front to cast their darts and streight way to set downe till the seconde thirde and fourth had done the like then euery one stouping when they had done their shotte that the contrarie weapons mighte be throwne in â—ayne when the last hadde throwne then to runne all with one force and crye with violence vpon the enimie for so they shoulde affray them if they came so suddaynely to fight with them at hand after so greate a brunt of strength Their weapons were not like the dartes which they of Rome call Gese the halfe of a square staffe with a péece of yron square also and that soft beside the poynt and euen thus these Boyans were destroyed of the Romanes with all their armie Popilius ouercame other Celtes and after him Camillus sonne to Camillus did the same and Paulus Aemilius sette vp tokens of victorie against the Celtes Before the CoÌ„sulships of Marius a greater number more warlike and for age to bée feared inuaded Italy and Gallia and ouercame some Censuls of Rome and ouerthrewe their armies againste whome Marius went and ouercame them all The last and greatest fight with the Galles was done by C. Caesar being generall there fortie huÌ„dred thousands of fierce nations did he ouerthrow in tenne yeares whiche if a man will put togither in one summe he shall finde they were about foure hundreth thousande it is certen that a hundred thousand were slayne a hundreth thousande taken foure hundreth nations eight hundred Cities some reuoltyng some fréely yéeldyng he brought to obedience Before Marius Fabius Maximus Aâ—milianus
vvarlike people of Illyria first subdued of the Scordiscians and last oâ— the Romaines Parthene of Macedonia Daâ—aretians of Thracia Scordiscians Paeonians Lâ—burnâ— Light shippes Cymbri came froÌ„ the north of Saxon into Nâ—â—â—onne in Fraunce vvhere Marius ouercame them Punishment of God. â—asturnâ— â—e at the floud Bâ—risthenes in Scythia â—irene is the hill that diuideth Fraunce and Spaine Syllenus â—â—iâ—lius and Câ—pâ—â— Consuls ouerthrovven by the Cymbrians c. Marius ouerthrovveth them Corruption one â—â—use of ciuil discord at Rome Rhaeâ—ia is at the Alpes part of the vvhich is novv Gusoni Noricia novv Baâ—â—nis Myâ—â—a novv Iosua and Ceruia The sea of Pontus from Maotis to Tenedo Agron The Illyrian king hauing ouercome the Aâ—â—olians â—ranke so much vvine that he died preseÌ„tly Agron Pyâ—rbus Epirus Câ—â—â—ra or Albania Corcira Corâ—u Fâ—â—d aâ—â—â—s D 〈…〉 sso Pharus is an â—land in the Adriaticalsâ—â— Calâ—mpâ—â—â—â— Coruncanius Embassadors slaine Embassadoures killed the cause of Illyrian vvar Pine. Pharus and Corsâ— deliuered to the Romanes Atintani Peace vvâ—â—â— Pine. Appolonia novv Vallona Demetrius Eridanus novve Pâ— the greate floude of Italie Atintanes Gentius imprisoneth the Romane Embassadoures Anitius 〈◊〉 contrary to promise takeÌ„ Aâ—milius Paulus 〈◊〉 lxx cities in a daye â—y craâ—â—â— Aâ—â—eans Palerians Fuluius Flaccus Sâ—mâ— Tuditanus Tib. Pandusius 〈…〉 〈…〉 by seâ— M. 〈…〉 Romanes dryâ—â— to the floud Narus Delminium Denâ—â— Deuise of Figulâ— Cecilius Metellus triumpheth for nothing Salon of the Assyrians Pollig called his sonne Salonus Promoâ—â— Caesars army ouerthrovvne of the Illyrians The Illyrians destroy the armye that Gabinius beingeth to Caesar â—â—te be people of Seyâ—â—ia in Europe of some called Daci but divided that Daci be they that are nexte Germany vvhom some call Dâ—â—â— vvhich for their seruile behauior be vsed for names of seruaunts in Comedies Bebius ouercome Durazzo Prouinces to M. Brutus and C. Castâ—us Paeone Pannonia novve â—â—â—gâ—rie Agrianâ— Cornelius ouerthrovven of the Agrians Commentaries of Augustus of his ovvne actes Caesar did not passe of Illyria Caesar Augustus talketh of hys conquest of the Illyrians Nation of Illyria subdued by Augustus Melita Malta Corcyra Corfu â–ª cruelly vsed of Augustus Moentines Aedetians Aurupians Salasâ—i Iapodes Segestanâ— Dalmatia Daisiâ— Paeones The Alpes Veterus VVant of salte Messala Coruinus Aquileia is novv oâ— the Venetian iurisdiction Torgius Caesar Augustus defeateth the Iapodans Terponus Metulio Engines taken at the place vvhere Brutus Cassius fought vvith Caesar and Antony Brydges made from mountes to the vvals break The boldnesse of Caesar Augustâ— The fourth bridge breaketh Caesar â—urte Prudence of Caesar Augustus Desperate at Metalâ—o Possenians â–ª Metulians Paeonians in the vvaye to the Segestanes Paeonians haue no Cities nor common place of Iustice Muche people vvithout a head Caesar burneth the villages Saeunus runneth by the mountaynes of 〈…〉 into Danubius Hister Danubius Segesta Daci be Scythians of Europe novv Vallachia The people of Segesta refuseth the garrison Caesar spared the Segestanes for their valiantues False rumor causeth Caesar to haue a vvinter iourney Segestanes destroyed of the garison Taulantians leaâ—â—â—g their lande vvent to 〈…〉 that part of Macedonia that is next the Gulfe of â—enise not far from Durassa 〈…〉 a City Arâ—â—sse Dalmatians novv Slauonians ouerthrovv Gabinius Versus captaine Lack of vvater Teutinus Pomona taken Augustus punishedâ— his souldiours Teutinus Caesar hurneth vvooddes Setonia Augustus hurte Barbatius Tullus Statilius Taurus The authoritie of three men renued in Rome Seauen hundred Hostagies Ensignes reâ—â—couered Derbani Caesar Aug. trium heth of the Illyrians â–ª Râ—etâ—â—nâ— be they in the hils that be called Grâ—â—â—â—es Noritia some thinke to be Baâ—â—ria some Sâ—â—ria and Carinthiâ— Mysiâ— novve â—osâ—a and Sernia nigh Hungaria Istri Dionisopolis Odisus Mesembria novv Mesembler Tiberius Lucullus Celta be those Frenchmen that inhabite from the floud Sâ—me to Gatona Camillus Boâ—â— vvere part of the French about Byons C. Sulpitius his policie The French call their darts Gesa The Macedomans Larisse The Romanes Pila Popilius Camillus P. Aemilius This Gallia vvas vvhere novv Lombardy is c. C. Casar The victories of Caesar Aâ—milianus Luctians Heluetians Tigrians novv Lurick put the Romanes vnder yoke Labienus Ap. Claudius Germanes passe in greatnes despising death in hope to liue agayne Triconi Belga is from Scalde to Sequane â—â—eruâ—â— be people about Tornay Teutones Germanes Câ—mbrians Danes â–ª Allabrogians Sauoyans Vsipetans Tantharians Sicambria Gelderians Caesar had lossâ— in the lovv couÌ„treys and sayled into England