31.5 39.4 Turkill the Dane Earle of the East-Angles 58.8 Twomonâ— or County Clare conveniently seated 143 4 V Valentia a part of Britaine why so called 2.15 How limited â— 16 Velâ—â—â—â— ancient people in Ireland where placed 139 4 Venedotia i. North-Wales Venta Belgarum i. Winchester 13.9 Venta Icenorum i. Castor 35 5 Venta Silurum i. Monmouth 107.4 Robert de Vere Earle of Oxford Marquesse of Dublin and Duke of Ireland 45 5 Verolanium or Verolamium in Hertford-shire 39.5 Sacked by Queene Boduo 39 5 Verterae a place in Westmorland 85.8 Vffines whence so called 35 3 Vidoms what they were 4 6 Saint Vincents Rocke 23.6 Virgata or Yardland what it is 57.3 Vlster Province how bounded 145.1 The forme thereof 145 2 The dimension of it Ibid The ayre of it 145.3 The soyle and commodities hereof 145.4 By whom possessed in old time 145 5.6 Their ancient custome of making a King 145.6 Religious houses in it 145 10 Counties and Townes in it 146 Vodia or Vdiae an ancient Nation in Ireland where planted 139.4 Vodius Arch-Bishop of London slaine by Vortigerne 6 5 Voluntii 145.5 Vortigerne where consumed by lightning 111.5 Vortimer slew in Battell Horsa brother to Hengist 7 11 Vpton in Worcester-shire a Station of the Romanes 51 6 Vriconium See VVroxceâ—ster Vsoconia See Okenyate Vrsula the Duke of Cornwals daughter with her Virgin-Saints 21.5 Vske-bah an wholesome Aquavitae in Ireland 137.6 Vterini ancient people in Ireland where they dwelt 139.4 VV A Wall in Scotland from Abercorne or Abercurving unto Dunbritton 132 11 Wall-towne 89.12 Wales how confined 99.1 The dimension thereof 99 4 Wales and Welsh what it signifieth 99.1.2 Counties of Wales twelve 98. 100.22 Divided into three Regions or Kingdomes 99 5 Divided into South-Wales 100.22 Divided into North-wales ibid. West-Wales ibid. Wales why void of woods 121.5 Princes of Wales sprung from the bloud Royall of English Kings 97 Wallingford Castle Town 27.7 Wansdike in Wilt-shire 25.6 Wantage the birth-place of King Elfred 27.9 Wapentach or Wapentake what it is 3.6 Warre Civill of Yorke and Lancaster 75.9 Warwick-shire how bounded 53.1 How divided 53.3 The forme of it 53.2 The Compasse thereof Ibid Commodities ibid. Who inhabited it in old time 55.4 Hundreds and Townes 54 Warwick Towne by whom built 53.6 What names it had in old time ibid. The position thereof Ibid The civill government thereof 53.6 Washes in Lincoln-shire hurtfull to King Iohn 63.4 Wat Tyler an Arch-Rebell slaine 7.10 Waterfals or Catadupa 85.10 Waterford the second Citie in Ireland 139.7 Ever loyall to the Crowne of England since the first Conquest of it Ibid Watling-street 43.6 Waveney River 35.3 Wedon in the street sometime Bannavenna 55.7 Weisford in Ireland the first English Colony 141.8 Whence it took name Ibid A Well boyling up with streames of bloud 27.9 Ebbing and flowing accor-to the Sea 103.7 111.8 Ebbing and flowing contrary to the Sea-tydes 105.7 A Well the droppings whereof turne into hard stone 132.15 A Well floating with Bitumen 132.15 Welles a Citie in Somerset-shire why so called 23.7 By what civill Magistracie governed ibid. The position or graduation thereof ibid. Wentsdale 79.3 Saint Werburgs Church in Chester 73.7 Westerne Ilands subject to Scotland how many 132 17 How ruled in ancient time 132.18 Their Commodities 132 19 Westminster a Bishops See 29 7 Westmerland how bounded 85.1 The measure thereof 85 2 The forme and ayre 85.3 The ancient Inhabitants 85.5 Places of chief note therein 85.8 Townes in it 86 West-Saxon Lage 5.3 West-Saxon Law 4.8 West Sox 4.11 Whitby Abbey founded 77.7 Whitgar the Saxon 15.7 VVhittington Castle 100.12 Whorwell Monastery built 17 6 VViscii what people 51.4 Wiches i. Salt pits ibid. Iohn Wickliffe Englands morning starre 61.7 VVight Iland described 15 What names it had in old time 15.1 The forme and dimension of it 15.2 The aire and soile thereof 15.4 The commodities of it 15 4.5 By whom first inhabited 15.6 By whom subdued 15.10 How fortified 15.9 What Towns Rivers and memorable places are in it 15.10 How divided 15.7 16 VVike See Kingstone upon Hull Saint VVilfreds Needle 78 11 Wilfrids Bishop reduced the Ilanders of Wight to Christianity 15.10 William the bastard Conquered England 92.2 5.1 William now Bishop of Excester repaireth the Cathedrall Church there 19 6 William King of Scots taken prisoner 89.10 His sonne drowned with his Cradle 132.16 Wilt-shire how bounded 25 1 The forme and dimension of it 25.2 The ayre and soyle 25 3.4 By whom inhabited in old time 25.5 Religious houses in it 25.9 Hundreds and Townes therein 26 Winander Mere 57.7 Winburne Minster 17.7 Winchester Citie by whom built 13.9 What name it had in old time 13.9 How traded and how oâ—t burnt 13.9 Situation thereof 13.9 Graduation thereof Ibid. Fired by the French 13 10 What Fortunes it hath been exposed unto Ibid. Cathedrall Church thereof 13.9 Windesor Castle 27.7 The Chappell there the Sepulchre of what Kings 27 8 Winifride of Devon-shire the Apostle of the Hessians c. 19.6 Winifrides Well 121.8 Winwid field 78.10 Woodland a part of Warwickshire 53.3 Woods spared and preserved in Lancashire 75.4 Wolsey Cardinall where buried 61.6 Wolves paid yearly for a tribute 117.3 Women in the Isle of Man girt ordinarily with their winding-sheets 91.7 Worcester-shire how bounded 51.1 The forme and dimension of it 51.2 The aire and commodities 51.5 Hundreds and Townes 52 Worcester Citie how named in old time 51.3 What calamities it hath sustained ibid. The Cathedrall Church built by Sexwolfe Bishop ibid. The Civill Magistracie ibid. The Geographicall position of it ibid. Wring-cheese Rocks 21.9 Wroxcester an ancient Citie in Shrop-shire 71.9 Y Yanesbury Trench 25.5 Yardland See Virgate Yeoman and Yeomanry 4.7 Yere River 35.3 Yeremouth or Yarmouth whence so named and how seated 35.7 Made a Corporation ibid. A Towne very hospitable and famous for Herring ibid. Yorks an Arch-Bishops See 6.5 What Suffragane Bishops it had and now hath 6.7 Yorke Metropolitane and Primate 6.7 78.9 His Iurisdiction ibid. Yorke Citie what names it had 78.9 How Yorke is governed ibid. The positure of it ibid. Library thereof ibid. Yorke-shire how otherwise called 77.2 What battels there fought 78.10 The soyle of it 77.2 5 How bounded 77.3 Divided into East-Riding 77.4 North-Riding ibid. West-Riding ibid. The dimension of it 77 4 Yorke Manner-house sometime the Abbey of Saint Maries by whom built 77.7 Z Zelanders their fishing upon our North-East Sea with licence 81.3 FINIS a There is in the Sommer Ilands as I have seene to the West-ward of Port-royall such a kind of fish yeelding a purple Iuiceâ— but I do not so well remember it as to set down certainly whether it be the purple fish be here speakes of b This seemeth to be of a kind of Palme but much different from the Palmetoes that are in the Somâ—er Ilands c He meanes not Cutcheneâ—e which is a flye brought from the Indies without heads
Wales And upon what ground I know not let Lawyers dispute it the Inhabitants in some part of this Shire enjoy a private custome to this day that the goods and lands of Condemned Persons fall unto the Crown but only for a Yeare and a Day and then returne to the next Heyres contrary to the custome of all England besides 5 The generall Commodities of this Shire are Corne Iron and Wools all passing fine besides Pasturage Fruits and Woods which last are much lessened by making of Iron the only bane of Oke Elme and Beech. 6 These with all other provisions are traded thorow twenty five Market-Townes in this County whereof two are Cities of no small import The first is Glocester from whom the Shire taketh name seated upon Severne neere the middest of this Shire by Antonine the Emperour called Glevum built first by the Romans and set as it were upon the necke of the Silures to yoke them where their Legion called Colonia Glevum lay It hath been walled about excepting that part that is defended by the River the ruines whereof in many places appeare and some part yet standing doth well witnesse their strength This City was first won from the Britaine 's by Cheulin the first King of the West-Saxons about the yeare of Christ 570. and afterwards under the Mercians it flourished with great honour where Osrik King of Northumberland by the sufferance of Erhelred of Mercia founded a most stately Monastery of Nuns whereof Kineburgh Eadburgh and Eve Queenes of the Mercians were Prioresses successively each after other 7 Edelfled a most renowned Lady Sister to King Edward the elder in this City built a faire Church wherein her self was interred which being overthrowne by the Danes was afterwards rebuilt and made the Cathedrall of that See dedicated unto the honour of Saint Peter In this Church the unfortunate Prince King Edward the second under a Monument of Alablaster doth lye who being murdered at Barkley Castle by the cruelty of French Isabel his wife was there intombed And not far from him another Prince as unfortunate namely Robert Curthose the eldest sonne of William the Conquerour lyeth in a painted woodden Tombe in the middest of the Quire whose eyes were pluckt out in Cardiffe Castle wherein he was kept prisoner twenty six yeares with all contumelious indignities untill through extreame anguish he ended his life And before any of these in this City say our British Historians the body of Lucius our first Christian King was interred and before his dayes the Britaines Arviragus The graduation of this County I observe from this City whence the Pole is elevated in the degree of Latitude 52. and 14. minutes and in the Longitude from the West 18. and 5. minutes 8 The other City is Bristow faire but not very ancient built upon the Rivers Avon and Froâ—me for trade of Merchandize a second London and for beauty and account next unto Yorke This City standeth partly in this County and partly in Sommerset-shire but being a County of it selfe will acknowledge subjection to neither 9 A City more ancient hath been Circester by Ptolemy called Cerinium by Antonine Durocornovium by Giraldus Passerum Vrbem The Sparrowes City upon a flying report that Gurmund a Tyrant from Africke besieging this City tyed fire unto the wings of Sparrowes who lighting in the Towne upon light matter set flame upon all The circuit of whose walls extended two miles about wherein the Consular Port or wayes of the Romans met and crossed each other This City was won from the Britaine 's by Cheulin first King of the West-Saxons afterwards it was possessed by the Mercians and lastly by the Danes under Gurmund the former no doubt mistaken for him wherein a rable of them kept the space of a yeare Anno 879. and never since inhabited according to the circuit of her walles 10 Places of memorable note are these the Iland Alney neere unto Glocester wherein Edmund Iron-side the English and Canutus the Dane after many battels and blood fought in single combat hand in hand alone untill they compounded for the Kingdomes partition Barkley Castle where King Edward the second was thorow his fundament run into his bowels with a red burning Spit Tewkesbury the fatall period of King Henry the sixt his government and the wound of the Lancastrian Cause for in a battell there fought in Anno 1471. Prince Edward the only son of King Henry had his braines dashed out in a most shamefull manner the Queen his Mother taken prisoner and most of their favourites slaine and beheaded And at Alderley a little Towne standing eight miles from the Severne upon the hilles to this day are found Cockles Periwinkles and Oysters of solid stone which whether they have been Shel-fish and living creatures or else the sports of Nature in her workes let the Naturall Philosophers dispute of and judge 11 The places of piety set apart from other worldly Services and dedicated to religious uses by the devotions of Princes erected in this Shire were Tewkesbury Deorhust Glocester Minching Barkley Kingswood Circester Winchcombe and Hales which last was built with great cost by Richard Earle of Cornwall King of the Romans wherein himselfe and his Dutchesse were interred Their son Earle Edmund brought out of Germany the blood of Hales supposed and said to be part of that which Christ shed upon his Crosse. In this place with great confluence and devotions of Pilgrimage it was sought to and worshipped till time proved it a meere counterfeit when the glorious light of the Gospell revealed to eye-sight such grosse Idolatries and the skirts of Superstition were turned up to the shew of her owne shame 12 Dukes and Earles that have borne the title of Glocester the first of every Family are by their Armes and Names within the Card expressed ever fatall to her Dukes though the greatest in blood and birth The first was Thomas Woodstocke son to King Edward the third who in Callis was smoothered in a Feather-bed to death The second was Humfrey brother to King Henry the fift by the fraudulent practise of the malignant Cardinall and Queen made away at Saint Edmundsbury And the last was Richard brother to King Edward the fourth who by the just hand of God was cut off in battell by King Henry the seventh 13 This Shires division is principally into foure parts subdivided into thirty Hundreds and them againe into two hundred and eighty Parish-Churches whose names are inserted in the Table upon the other part of this Card. GLOCESTERSHIRE contriued into thirty thre seuerall hundreds those againe in to foure principall deuisions The Citie of Glocester Bristow discribed with the armes of such noble men as haue bene dignified with the titlles of Earles Dukes therof HUNDREDS in Glocester-shire 1. BErkley 2. Grombaldashe 3. Langley and Swinshed 4. Thornebury 5. Henbury 6. Pockle-Church 7. Kings Barton 8.
were pulled down and suppressed in the Sepulchre of Constantius within a certaine vault or little Chappell under the ground wherein he was supposed to have been buried might beget much wonder and admiration but that Lazius confirmeth that in ancient times they had a custome to preserve light in Sepulchres by an artificiall resolving of gold into a liquid and fattie substance which should continue burning a long time and for many ages together 12 This Yorkeshire picture I will draw to no more length lest I be condemned with the Sophister for insisting in the praise of Hercules when no man opposed himselfe in his discommendation This Countrey of it selfe is so beautifull in her own naturall colours that without much help she presents delightfull varieties both to the fight and other senses THE VVEST-RIDING OF YORKE-SHIRE CHAPTER XL. THE other Division which is called the West-Riding of Yorkeshire lying towards the North-West carryeth a great compasse On the North-side it borders upon part of the North-Riding On the East upon part of the East-Riding and part of Lincoln-shire The West-side is neighboured with part of Lanca-shire The South confined with Nottingham and part of Darby-shires 2 The Ayre unto which this Countie is subject is for the most part frigid and cold much subject to sharpe winds hard frosts and other intemperate and Winter-like dispositions of weather in so much as the people of this Province are inured to maintain a moderate and ordinary heat in their bodies by an extraordinary hardnesse of labour and thereby become very healthfull and not so often afflicted with infirmities as others are that live more easily 3 Although the Soile in the generalitie be not fruitfull as lying very high and full of ragged rockes and swelling mountaines yet the sides thereof stooping in some places doe beare good grasse and the bottomes and vallies are not altogether unfertill That part that borders upon Lancashire is so mountainous and waste so unsightly and full of solitarinesse that the bordering neighbours call certaine little Rivers that creepe along this way by a contemptible name Hell becks That part againe where the River Vre cutteth thorow the vale called Wends-dale is very good ground where great flockes of sheepe doe pasture and which in some places do naturally yeeld great plenty of Lead-stones In other places where the hils are barren and bare of Corne and Cattle they make a recompence of those wants by the store of Copper Lead and Stone or Pit-coale with the which they are abundantly furnished That part where the River Swale running downe East-ward out of the West Mountaines with a violent and swift streame to unlade her selfe into the River Vre and passing along a large and open vale which derives the name from her and is called Swale-dale hath a neighbouring place full of Lead-Oare and for the lacke of woods which doth here much pinch the people they are requited againe with plentie of grasse which this place yeelds them in great abundance Thus hath provident nature for every discommoditie made amends with a contrarietie and furnished the defects of one place with sufficient supply from another 4 The ancient Inhabitants knowne unto Ptolomey and of whom there is other mention made as well in the generall and other particular divisions of Yorke-shire as in the Countries likewise joyning in proximitie unto them were the Brigantes subdued by the Romanes And because the roome best fitted for the Citie of Yorke in this Chard I have placed it whose description you may finde in the Generall so the North-riding spacious to containe the sites of the Townes Hull and Richmond are therein charged but wanting place there to relate of both I am constrained to speake of the latter here desiring my Reader to beare with these necessities Richmond the chiefe Towne of the North-Riding seated upon Swale seemed to have been fenced with a Wall whose Gates yet stand in the midst of the Towne so that the Suburbs are extended farre without the same It is indifferently populous and well frequented the people most imployed in knitting of Stockings wherewith even the decrepit and children get their own livings 5 Alan the first Earle thereof distrusting the strength of Gilling a Manor house of his not farre off called by Bede Gethling to withstand the violence of the Danes and English whom the Normans had despoiled of their inheritance built this Towne and gave it â—e name calling it Richmond as one would say The Rich Mount which he fortified with a Wall and strong Castle set upon a Rocke for Gilling ever since the time that Oswy King of Northumberland being there Guest-wise entertained was murtherously made away was more regarded in respect of Religion then for any strength it had in expiation of which murther the Monastery was founded and had in great account among our Ancestors This Towne for the administration of government hath an Alderman yeerely chosen out of twelve Brethren who is assisted by twentie foure Burgesses a Recorder foure Chamberlaines and two Sergeants at Mace The position of this place for Latitude is set in the deg 55.17 min. from the North-Pole and for Longitude from the first West-point in the degr 18. and 50 min. 6 Things of raritie and worthy observation in this Countie are those hils neere Richmond where there is a Mine or Delfe of Copper mentioned in a Charter of King Edward the fourth having not as yet beene pierced into Also those Mountaines on the top whereof are found certaine stones much like unto Sea-winkles Cockles and other Sea-fish which if they be not the wonders of nature yet with Orosius a Christian Historiographer we may deeme to be the undoubted tokens of the generall Deluge that in Noahs time over-flowed the whole face of the earth Also the River Swale spoken of before which among the ancient English was reputed a very sacred River and celebrated with an universall glory for that the English-Saxons first embracing Christianitie in one day about ten thousand men besides a multitude of women and children were therein baptized unto Christ by the hands of Paulinus Arch-bishop of Yorke A holy spectacle when out of one Rivers Channell so great a progenie sprung up for the celestiall and heavenly Citie 7 Places in elder times had in great estimation with the Romanes were Bayntbridge where they in those dayes had a Garrison lying the reliques whereof are there remaining Bowes in Antonines Itinerary called Lavatrae or Levatrae both by the account of distance and the site thereof by the high street of the Romans confirmes the antiquitie by a large stone found in the Church sometimes used for an Altar-stone with an inscription upon it to the honour of the Emperour Hadrian The first Cohort also of the Thracians lay here in Garrison whilest Virius Lupus ruled as Lieutenant Generall and Propretor of Britaine under the
of this Countrey we owe the invention of Astrologie Physicke Writing on Paper Their Kings names were Pharaoh toward the beginning Now what the Turke pleaseth 17 And this is as farre as we may travell by Land it remains that we loose out into the bordering Seas descry what Ilands we can neere those parts of Africa which we have here mentioned And these lye either Southward in the Aethiopicke Sea or else Westward in the Atlantick Ocean 18 The Aethiopicke Ilands are onely two 1 The Iland of S. Laurence or Magadassar four thousand miles in compasse and the length more then Italie rich in all Commodities almost that man can use The Inhabitants are very barbarous most of them blacke some white there are supposed to have been transplanted out of China 2 Zocatrina at the mouth of the Red Sea in length sixtie in bredth twenty five miles It lyeth open to sharpe Windes and by that meanes is extreame drie and barren Yet it hath good Drugges and from hence comes the Aloe Zocatrina The people are Christians and adore the Crosse most superstitiously and give themselves much to Inchantments 19 The Atlanticke Ilands are 1 Sir Thomas Iland and lyeth directly under the Aequator it was made habitable by the Portugalls which found it nothing but a wood It is full of Sugar little other commodities 2 Prince Iland betweene the Aequator and Tropicke of Capricorne It is rich enough for the owner though I finde no great report of it 3 The Gorgades of old the Gorgons where Medusa and her two sisters dwelt I forbeare the fable they are nine in number and because neere to Cape Virido in the Land of Negroes they have a second name of Insulae Capitis Viridis They abound with Goates and the chiefe of them is called Saint Iames. 4 The Canaris called for their fertilitie The fortunate Ilands and was the place of the first Meridian with the ancient Geographers to divide the world into the East and West and from thence to measure the earths Longitude but now it is removed into the next Ilands more North which are the Azoris and belong properly to Europe as lying neerer Spaine then any other Continent The number of the Canaris are seven The chiefe Canarie next Palus where our Shippes touch to refresh themselves in their voyage toward America Then Tanariffa which hath no water but from a cloud that hangs over a tree and at noone dissolves and so is conveyed into severall parts The other foure are Gomera Hieiro Lansarat and Fuerte ventura some few other not worth note or name The men lend their Wives like Horses or any other Commoditie 5 Lastly the Hesperides not farre from the Gorgades they are often mentioned by our ancient Poets in the fable of Atlas his Daughters It was supposed to be the seat of their blessed which they called the Elizian field And indeed it is a very happy soyle the weather continually fayre the seasons all temperate the ayre never extreame To conclude Africa affords not a sweeter place to rest in ¶ The Description of EVROPE EVROPE may perhaps thinke her selfe much injured to be thus cast back into the third place of my Division and reckoned the last of the old world but my promise shall be here made good to give her her due And though Chronologie will not allow the precedency yet compare her present estate with the rest and you may take her rank here to be ad Pompam as most commonly in our solemne Triumphs those of most worth are marshalled forth last Yet were she so minded to quarrell for Antiquitie she could not want abetters such as would have some parts of Europe flourish within thirty years after the confusion of tongues The originall of the Germane Kingdome is drawne by Aventinus Helcrâ—â— and others from Tuisco the sonne of Noâ—h and he began his raigne in the yeare 1787 after the Creation and that was but one hundred thirty one yeares after the Deluge not above thirty from the time that they were dispersed out of Babell But to passe by those uncertaine stories which may admit dispute we have to this day the Germane Triers a Citie standing from the time of Abraham and beares as yet the markes both of the art and ambition of the Babylonians As if here they strove to reach eternitie as they did before in the plaine of Shinar to top heaven 2 Sure I am what ever part of the world was first famous Europe soone got the start and tooke the Scepter of the earth into her hand she had the name with Plinie of Orbis domitorum genitrix and well she might if we but read her Storie since first she came in view In the Greek Monarchie Alexander was her Champion In the Latine Empire the Romanes bare the sway and scarce left a corner of the earth then knowne unconquered And to this day the Princes of Europe enlarge their Dominions upon the Regions of the other three A small portion as we are of this little I le in respect of their vast Continent yet have we a part too in America for our peculiar and hope still to bring more into our possessions that we may bring them unto Christ. 3 In respect of the two other quarters in the Easterne hemisphere Europe is partly West and partly North for she is situated North-ward betwixt the Tropike of Cancâ—r and the polare Articke and West-ward hath no Continent betwixt her and America but is bounded with the Atlantick Ocean On the East toward Asia she hath the Mare Aegeum which the Italians call Archipelagus and the Pontus Euxinus or Mare Magor And the Palus Meotis and the River Tanais Southward it hath the Mediterranean and Fretum Herculeum So that it is almost incompast with the Seas and hath the forme of a Peninsula whose Isthmus that joynes it to the rest of the Continent is to be reckoned that part which lyeth betwixt the branches of the River Tanais and the Mare Glaciale These are her out-bounds 4 If we view her within we shall find that Nature had not spent her store nor was she close handed when she allotted her portion And though Europe indeed be the least yet is she furnished in all points with the like varietie her Rivers as Commodious as those of Asia and Africa and her Mountains no lesse famous then Taurus or Atlas Her measure indeed is not comparable to any of the other three She beares in Longitude but 3800. miles from S. Vincent in Portugall to Constantinople And in Latitude at most 1200. and that too from the Aegean to the frozen Sea by some account not above 900. 5 But be her extent as it is small it addes to her glory that in Exiguo res numerosaiâ—cet that yet she exceeds those vaster Regions and bears the name of the most happy Countrey in the world both for plenty of Corne Plants Fruits for Rivers and Fountaines of admirable vertues for beauty as well of Cities Castles and
treachery of the Inhabitants there murdered neere upon three hundred of our men The Natives are very vile people horrible Idolaters adore the creature which they most feare and hate them which keepe them not in awe they were kindly intreated by our English and invited by all friendly means to Christianity The North parts are most inhabited by our men and is therefore called New England It hath but one entrance by Sea at a faire Bay Her Capes are called Cape Henry and Cape Charles The chiefe Towns are Ianus Towne Regnougton and Balesguift 18 Norumbega on the North of Virginia lyeth toward the Mare del Nort and is a very fertile Region It is inhabited by the Spanish and French The Seas are shallow and indanger many ships So full of Fish that the Boates cannot have free passage saith Maginus 19 Nova Francia is farther Northward from Norumbega a barren Countrey and the people barbarous some Antâ—ropophagi A few French there are besides the Natives 20 Terra Laboratoris or Conterialis 〈◊〉 more Northward upon the sea coast and is divided from Norumbega by the River Lanada It reacheth into the sea in form of a Peninsula The men are barbarous live in Caves run swiftly and are good Archers The chiefe places are Breste Cabo Marzo and South Maria. 21 Escotiland the last Province of the Northerne Peninsula still creeps by the edge of the Atlantick and on the North hath the straights called Fretum Daveissii an English-man who this way attempted the Northwest unto Cathai and Câ—ina And in regard it was adventured in the name of our Queene the Promontorie is called Elizabeths Fore-land and the sea running by it is likewise named â—orbishers Straights from another of our worthy Countrey-men that was interested before in the same service This Region is held to be the first discovered of the New World The North of it is still unknowne It yeelds plentie of Gold but is extreme cold The people ingenious and good Artificers in most kinds they are cloathed with beasts Hydes and are skilled to make themselves Boates of sea Caloes skins which they venture into the main sea without danger 22 Peninsula Peruviana is the South tract of America from the Isthmus to the Magellanick Straights The same seas are the bounds upon the East and West which were of the other Mexicana by which she is divided from Africa on the East and on the West at a large distance from the most Southern Ilands of Asia The compasse of it is 17000. miles From North to South there runnes a continued course of high Mountaines whose tops the very Fowles of the ayre cannot reach by flight And from thence descend many admirable Rivers among which Maragno and Argenteâ—â— are most famous The one for his extent and the other for his plenty of silver The Countrey is exceeding rich but the people differ not much from the worst of beasts They devoure mans flesh filthy wormes and what else comes in their way The chiefest Provinces are numbred thus 1 Castella Aurea 2 Guiana 3 Peru. 4 Brasile 5 Chile 23 Castella Aurea is the first named from her plenty of Gold She lieth part in the Isthmus The rest is the Northerne tract of Pâ—ru 1 Castella del ore in the very Isthmus which is by some measured to be seventeene miles in bredth by others twelve the Merchandize sent from Spaine is unladen aâ— Nombre de Dios and conveyed crosse the Isthmus by land to Panamais from thence shipped againe for the Northwest of Peru Neere these parts was an admirable atchievement performed by our valiant Countrey-man Iohn Oxenham who by the direction of Moores skilled in the Countrey went to the Land of Pearles and tooke from the Spaniards an incredible weight of gold and silver 2 Nova Andalusia Southward from Castella del ore The chiefe Townes are Tocoio and Sancta Espritta 3 Nova Granata a rich Region with Mines of Gold and Silver part of it lyeth under the Aequinoctiall And this is St. Foy one of the Arch-bishops Sees 4 Cartagena a fruitfull Countrey which yeelded when time was to our still renowned Sir Francis Drake store of prize and 240. pieces of Ordnance 24 Guiana is the second Province of the Peninsale Peru Maria situated just under the Aequinoctiall On the North it hath the maine River Oronoque or Raliana from Sir Walter Raleigh who went further then any before him into the Countrey This River is Navigable by report above 1000. miles On the South it hath like wise another great River of the Peninsula called Maragnon which exceeds the former and is Navigable 600. miles in length In this Province stands the largest Citie of America called el Dorâ—do or the guilded Citie For indeed there is plenty of Gold The length as it is spoke by some Travellers will exceed beliefe The second memorable Town is St. Thome not so much for her owne worth as the dysasterous Fortunes of Sir Walter Raleigh who there first lost his eldest sonne and after returned home with that ill successe as it cost him his own life 25 Peru the third in ranke yet by name it seems to be the chiefest Province of this Southerne tract It is contained almost betwixt the Aequator and the Tropick of Capricorne On the North it hath Castella del oro on the South Chila on the West Mare del Zur and on the East the mountains of Peru. It is a very rich Countrey aboundeth with gold and silver little esteemed among the Inhabitants For by report the Spaniard ordinarily shooed their Horses with gold Another great Commoditie is Tobacco a toy to play withall but yeelds a great revenew to the King of Spaine In this Province stands Lima the Arch-Bishops See and place of residency for the Viceroy Cusco where the native Kings of Peru had wont to keepe their Court The Inhabitants are strange Idolaters and worship a black Sheep Serpents and other ugly Creatures 26 Brasile on the North hath the great River Maragnon and on the South and West Argenteus on the East Mare del Nort. The Longitude from North to South is accounted 1500 the bredth 500. the compasse about 3000. The Inhabitants are rude live for the most part in the bodies of trees They swimme excellently are able to keep under the water for a long space Their chiefe commodities are Sugar and Brasile wood The people are covered with naturall haire cruel lascivious false and what not In this Region is an hearb called Viva which if you touch it it will shoot up as a Dasie in the night and will not open till the partie that injured it be out of sight Here are few Towns of note Saint Anna Equitum Ascensio Pernanbuco 27 Chile is the last of the Peninsula and on the North hath Peru on the West the Mare del Zur on the South the Magellanick Straights on the East the Virginian Ocean She hath her name from her extreame cold temper in so much that many are frozen to death and
hardened like marble It is a rich Countrey as wel for gold as other commodities of worth The Rivers are fed with Snow that fals from the tops of high mountains The people are of large stature and very valiant The chiefe City is Saint Iames where a Colony of Spaniards keep hold And thus we are travelled from the Basis to the very Pyris at the South America The utmost point of it is called Caput victoria from Magellanus Ship The rest must be performed by Sea Our best course will be from the East Atlantick Ocean round by the Magellanick Straights into the Pacifick Sea For within this compasse lyeth all the Ilands that belong to this new World and those were my second part in the generall division of the whole Hemisphere 28 The Ilands of America in the Atlantick Ocean are 1 Margarita not farre from Castella del oro 〈◊〉 very barren in provision for victuals but exceeds in plenty of precious stones of the greatest value And so doth her neighbour 2 Cubagna 3 Trinidado stored with Tobacco 4 Bacalaes over against Terra Laboratoris 5 Boriquen Northward from Guiana Her principall Cities are St. Iolas and Port Rico ruined by our Earle of Cumberland 1â—97 6 Iamaica spoyled by the Spaniards cruelty of most of her Natives Insomuch that the mothers strangled their babes in their wombe to prevent their servitude under so hard a Master as the Spanish Governour 7 Laba a rich I le In this there is a Bishops Sea called St. Ingo 8 Lucaiae insulae in number 4â—0 and is best commended for the beauty of her women 9 Barmudae many in number discovered by Sir Thomas Summâ—rs and thence have the name of Summer Islands possest by a plantation of English and agreeth well with their temper â—0 Hispaniola or Haitie the first that was described by Columbus in the beginning of his attempt An excellent Iland for temper of ayre fertilitie of soyle rich Mines Amber Suger and Roots medicinall One of the chiefe Townes in Domingo ransackt by Sir Francis Drake 1585. The rest are St. Isabella St. Thome St. Iolius c. 11 â—here are a rank of Ilands neer the Basis of the South America that are called Insulae Caralum or Canibalorum part of them are Canibals and wild people yet they yeeld commodities especially the Guiacum or lignum Sanctum 19 The Ilands of America on the West in the Pacifick Sea are not many of much account 1 The chiefe is Califormia an Iland of about 500. leagues from the North Cape Mendocino to the South S. Lucas which enters a little within the Tropick of Cancer 2 Insulae Salomonis supposed by some to be the Land of Ophir 3 Insulae Latronum named from the Natives theft who stole Magellanus Cockboat when he first entred it The Description of GRAECIA GREECE is divided from Italy but by a short cut of the Adriaticke sea Each is so placed in Contra-view of the other as if she were ordered to overlooke her neighbours actions And so indeed there hath beene continually a mutuall emulation betwixt the two flourishing Nations which have either in turnes possest or at once divided the Empire of our Christian world 2 How ever now she lieth dejected and groanes under a miserable servitude yet once she had as well the preheminence of Rome in glory as the precedence in time For to say truth she was the wisest of any people that were not inlightned with the knowledge of that great mystery she set a patterne for government to all her succeeding ages and in briefe she was the mistresse almost of all Sciences some there are which in a strict account will accept none but the Mathematikes And yet too though those without doubt owe their being to the Chaldeans and Aegyptians sure I am that even in them she bred some of the most famous Artists that ever the world had Euclide may be my proofe In Philosophie Socrates Plato and our great Aristotle In Oratory Demosthenes Aeschines and Isocrates In Historiographic Xenophon Thucidides Plutarch and Herodotus In Poesie Hesiod Homer Sophocles and Aristophanes In State-policy the wisest Solon of Athens and Lycurgus of Lacedemonia In Militarie affaires Themistocles Miltiades and the great Alexander and infinite others which had all past their times and Greece almost sunke in her luster before the name of Rome was heard of almost in her Territories 3 She was at first but a small parcell of this quarter till by her prowesse she grew on upon her neighbouring Countries and enlarged her dominions through all Macedonia Peloponnesus Epirus the Aegean Ilands and Thrace and besides sent forth Colonies into other parts as well of Asia and Africa as of Europe whereof some retaine the Greeke names to this day Her selfe enjoyed the liberty for a long time which the first Inhabitants tooke to themselves and felt not the burden of a tributary nation till the time of the Persian Cyrus He first brought her under After him Xerxâ—s and other of the Kings of Persia which held it till it was recovered by Philip King of Macedonia and from him it fell to Alexander the great who first tooke up his Greeke Monarchie and at his death in the division delivered this with the rest to his successors in the Kingdome of Macedonia and so it continued untill their last Perseus in whose time it fell into the power of the Romans 4 But when that Empire too had its fate to be severed by Constantine the great into the East and West the Greeks again put in for a part and were for a time rulers of the East till they were successively over-run by the Goths Bulgarians Saracens and Turks under whom to this day the poore wretches suffer continuall persecution for the name of Christ and are scarce permitted by that great Tyrant meanes of learning to know the Name for which they suffer 5 This Religion was first called Helles from Hello the sonne of Deucalion and Pyrrha and in after-times tooke the name of Graecia from Graecus the sonne of Cecrops and King then of that part onely which was called Attica For when there were many States which were ordered by their peculiar Princes But when once they were all joyned into a Monarchie the whole retained the name of that part which was accounted most famous and the Inhabitants in their stories generally called Graecians though sometimes by the like Synecdoche Achaei Achivi Argivi Danai Delopes Dores Dryopes Hellenes Iones Myrmidones and Pelasgi 6 The bounds of Greece have beene severally set as her government hath beene either enlarged by her owne valour or impaired by a forraine enemy But as she is now taken by Geographers her marke on the East is the Aegean Sea on the West the Adriaticke which severs her from Italy on the North the Mountaine Haemus which is reported though falsly to be of such heighth that from the toppe a man may descrie Seas foure severall wayes and on the South the Mediterranean Ionium Seas 7
which conquered the world and set here the throne of the third Empire 16 There are many under-Provinces in Macedonia The principall is Thessalia and here stands Triaeca the Bishops Sea of Heliodorus Authour of that excellent fiction of Theagines and Cariclaea though he were too much wedded to a youthfull fable when he chose rather to forgoe his charge then disavow his worke And here likewise is the Pharsalis famous for the great Battell betwixt Caesar and Pompey The other Provinces are Aemathia Pieria Pelasgia Eshotis Phthiotis which yeeld matter for many of their stories and are famous for divers hills and Rivers often mentioned in our ancient Poets The chiefe are Olympus Pelion and Ossa with their delicious valley Tempe Pindus Nymphaus Athos c. The Rivers Axius and Erigonius The chiefe Citie in the whole Region was in Augustus his time Thessalonica now Salonike comparable they say in state and merchandize to Naples in Italy 17 Albania is on the West of Macedonia and East of the Adriaticke Sea North of Epirus and South of Sclavonia Her chiefe Cities Albanopolis and Duractinum heretofore called Epidammum and Croya The whole Countrey was inwaded by Amurath and recovered by George Castriot or Scanderbeg the terriblest enemy that ever the Turk had 18 Epirus in her name carries no more then a firme land and is a part as most esteeme it of Albania but indeed lies some what more Southward then Albania propria on the East she is divided from Achaia by the River Achelous and on the West is bounded with Montes Acroceraunii on the South with the Ionian Sea It was of old divided into Chaonia which tooke her name from Chaon the brother of Helenus and Acarnania which is now called Graecia the lesse The Countrey was fertile and populous but at this day lyes waste and breeds better Cattell then men especially Buls Sheepe and Dogges of wonderfull bignesse among the rest extraordinary Mares which from thence were called Epiroticae It was the Kingdome of Pyâ—rhus and of late yeares was governed by George Castriot 19 Achaiae is upon the South of Thessalia East of the River Achelâ—us West of the Aegean Sea and North of Peloponnesus It containes many famous Provinces the chiefe are 1 Attica and her prime Citie was Athens now Setines she had her first name from Minerva whom they honoured as their peculiar goddesse as being at that time accounted the best learned among the Heathens and excelled as well in martiall affaires In a word they came short to none in wealth State-policie and what else might make a people happy above expression so Plinie sets her forth The second Province is Doris a tract neere Pernassus Mount and mother to the most elegant Greeke Dialect 3 Aetolia and in this the City Calydon 4 Locris and Regio Opuntiorum her chiefe Citie Naupactus and the famous Lepanto 5 Phocis which can glory in nothing more then the Citie Delphi where the Oracle of Apollo gave answer for many yeares to the silly Idolaters 6 Beotia and in this stood Thebes 7 Megaris her principall Citie Megara and from hence was the Secta Megarica of which Euclide was chiefe 20 Peloponnesus is a peninsula on the South of Graecia and joyned to the rest by an Isthmus which is not above five miles in bredth from one Sea to the other in so much that it hath been sometimes attempted to be digged through and was begun by Nero but the work was found not worth the charge and trouble It was fenced crosse with a strong wall and five Castles which being once destroyed was the second time by many hands erected in five dayes and called Hexamilium 21 This Peninsula is indeed the Fortresse of all Greece and though it wants much of the ancient glory which it might well vaunt in the time of Agamemnon Menelaus Aiax and the rest yet is she not so much to be contemned as other parts of this ruinated Countrey how ever the Turke is her master and she is now called generally Morea 22 Her Provinces were 1 Corinthia neere the Isthmus and is named from her chiefe Citie Corinthus which being fired melted sundry metals into a confused medly and made up the Aes Corinthium held more precious then any other of its owne simple nature 2 Argia her Common-wealth was heretofore of great note and her Citie Argos is at this day held pleasant and well seated And in this likewise stood Epidamnus 3 Laconia on the South of the Peninsula her chief City was Lacedemonia once Sparta when Lycurgus gave his Lawes and is now called Misithra 4 Missevia and her chiefe Cities are Messeve Mothone Corone c. 5 Elis. 6 Achaia propria and here stood Aegina and Aegium and Pateras 7 Arcadia once Pelasgia in the Center almost of Peloponnesus full of pleasant mountaines fit for pastue and is therefore made the Shepheards seene in our renowned Sir Philip Sidneis Poeticall story Her principall Citie is Megalopolis 23 Thus have we passed the Continent of Greece and want commeth onely to give my Reader a briefe Survey of the Ilands which lye round in the Adriatique Mediterranean Ionian and Aegean Seas But by reason the compasse is so large and the number so great the little space which is left me will scarce admit more then their bare names which I will set downe with reference to their next neighbouring Provinces as I have described them in the Continent 24 First then neere Peloponnesus and in the Ionian Sea toward Macedonia and Epirus the chiefe are Aegina Cythera the Strophades Zacynthus Cephalonia Ithaca Echinades Corcyra or Corphin and Sapho c. In the Aegean Sea belonging to Greece are the Cyclades and Sporades and over against Thrace Thassus Samothracia Imbrus and Lemnon Vulcani Neere Macedonia Pepanthus Scopelos Scyathos Scyros Allonnesus Cicinnethus Dromus Seraquinus Neere Achaia is Euboea now Negroponte a very large Iland and not farre distant Andros Tâ—nos Delos Rhene Melos and many others The Description of the Romane Empire VIRTVTE Duce comite Fortunâ is the word of most Historians upon the low birth and quicke growth of the state of ROME For had not matchlesse prowesse and infallible successe joyned in their full strength to make up an Empire for the world to admire I see not how she could in so few yeares raise her selfe from so small grounds to so high a pitch of lustre as set the whole earth at a gaze and found us all businesse enough for a time to doe little else but observe her actions Looke backe to Romulus her first Founder you shall finde him no better man then the base sonne of a licentious Vestall his father not truly known to this day but simply surmised to be Mars the god of Warre His mother Rhea burnt by law for that very fact in which she conceived him and himselfe an out-cast exposed with his brother Rhemus to be torne by the wild Beasts Little hope we see left for such a Nation to spring from
through most parts of Italy yea so equall was their prowesse that open warre might well lessen their severall strengths but not determine the conquest till by the tried fortune of the Horatii Curatii brothers on each partie it stoopt at last to Rome beyond her owne hope for she had at last but one Champion left of her Horatii against the three others who were notwithstanding by a feigned flight of their own adversary drawne severally out into single combate and successively fell by the sword of the Romane victor Alba was now carried captive to Rome and gave up her honours as a Trophie to this new-born Empire 10 Ancus Martius their fourth King enlarged her wals joyned those ports of the Citie which were before severed by the River Tyber with a large bridge Their next Tarquinius Priscus was a Corinthian and knew well how to use his Greek wit with a Romane valour Nor peace nor warre could over-match him He triumpht over the Tuscaines and was the first which entred the Citie in a chariot royall drawne with foure horses and first indeed that ordained the vestments and ensigns of honour which were after in frequent use to stirre up the souldier to deserving actions A NEW MAPPE OF THE ROMANE EMPIRE newly described by Iohn Speede and are to bee sould in pops head alley by G. Humble 1626 12 Tarquinius Superbus was the seventh and last King proud and cruell yet that too though it cost him his crown enlarged the Kingdom to the Romanes for it prevailed upon many strong Provinces of Italy which they after enjoyed with better hearts and ruled with more equitie then he used in the unjust oppression of his neighbours His name was grown odious when the lust of his son Tarquinius wronged the chast Lucretia both together stirred the people to disrobe him of his title and bethink themselves of some other forme of government which might found more of the Romane libertie 13 This varietie had took up hitherto scarce 245. yeares since the Citie was first built a time too short for her greatnesse if we compare her with the progresse of other Nations yet to her own ensuing fortunes it is esteemed but her child-hood her infancie while she had not yet spake nor the world well heard of her actions farther then her owne home and her Countries neere about She began now to feele her strength and when she had first freed her selfe from the oppression of her home-bred Tyrant she soon after spread her Armes over all Italy and her fame through most parts of the world Her power was now no more at the disposing of one King but designed over into the hands of two aged and wise Citizens of their owne though the best ranke and this they were to use rather as feoffees in trust then free possessors wherefore the Romans baulkt the insolencie which their last King had before practised both in the name of their new Governours for they were called onely Consules à consulendo and in their terme of Government for it became now annuall which was not before limited unlesse by death and lastly by their ensignes of state their twelve lictors and fasces which were not allowed to both but to each in turns for their severall moneth And this went on without breach almost six yeares till the Romanes thought fit to correct their laws by the Greek copie and therefore deputed three of their best esteemed subjects to see Athens to peruse their orders and customes of which the world had then a great opinion for it was indeed the mother of learning 14 They returned them written at first in ten tables made of brasse two more were soone after added and together were distinguished from their owne municiple lawes by the name of Leges 12. tabularum The Consuls power was now taken off and this was their rule of justice put into the hands of tenne whom they called Decemviri Each ruled in his turne and for that course had a power wel-nigh as large as their Kings or Consuls else differed little at other times from a private Roman This begunne some 303. yeares after their first founder and had continued but three when Appius laid false claime to Virginia for his bondmayd that indeed he might dishonour her as his strumpet By this meanes he doubly provoked the Commons both with her injuries and her fathers sorrow who was forced to murder his owne daughter to quit her from the lust of the Decemviri and therefore they took revenge not upon him onely but his office abrogated the Decemviratus and returned the authority into the hands of Consuls as before yet so as oft-times by intercourse the Tribuni militum put in for a consulary soveraigntie and was admitted to the same dignitie though not the name which the Patritii only referred to themselves as their royaltie It was first procured by the importunate motion of the Commons that they might be equally capable of the Consul-ship To this though the nobilitie would not give their full assent in all circumstances yet were they constrained for their own peace to yeeld in effect and mince it with another title of Tribuni plebis Consulare potestate 15 Vnder these formes of government for three hundred years after the fall of Tarquinius to Appius Claudius Q. Fulvius Coss. They were still in growth but not yet come to their state of honors and therefore Florus rightly styles it the youth of Rome in comparison to the age of man In this while their most famous stories are the warre with Porsenna some eight yeares after their first Consuls the creation of Dictators and Tribunes of the people within twenty the injuries of M. Coriolanus and attempt against his own Countrey uot long after the construction of many set laws which continued in force to after ages the Lex Agraria Publia de Aventino Tarpeia of the twelve tables Clodia Aemilia de Ambitu de Mulctis c. the Censors first created about 68. years after the Regi-fugium the conspiracie of the Servants some 92. after many victories in the interim and Rome her selfe at last taken by the Galls but freed by Camillus about the 120. Marcus Curtius casts himselfe into the pit to preserve his Countrey more laws are made the first Punike war waged all within 120. and odde years after Rome was surprised some 28. after that the Bellum Ligusticum and Ianus Temple the second time shut then the Bellum Illyricum Gallicum Cisalpinum and the last of this age the second Punike warre 16 By this time Italy was subdued and now she swept on with full sayle and confirmed strength and about twenty after was able to resist the Macedonian made warre with Perses set on to the third Punike warre wasted Carthage and then Numantia tooke Armes against Iugurtha all in lesse compasse of years then one hundred and about this time was the Eagle tooke up by Marius for the Romane ensigne Soone after was the Bellum Marsicum and Mithridaticum
Catilines conspiracie and the noble acts of those great Heroes Scylia and Cicero Caesar and Pompey and the rest which removed the Greeke Empire to Rome and made her the seat of the fourth Monarchy about seven hundred and three yeares after the Citie was built fortie eight before Christ. 17 Hitherto though with some change and curbe they continued the succession of Consuls till Iulius Caesar returned from Spaine with victory over Pompeys sonnes and then the Senate expressing more worship to him then fore-sight of their owne future mischiefe invented new titles of singular honour call him Pater patriae Consul in Decennium Dictator in perpetuū Sacro-sanctus and Imperator all which himselfe made good not in bare name onely as perhaps they meant but in short space gathered a power equall to their flattery and by his owne strength kept what was only theirs to give till by Brutus and Cassius he was slain in the Senate and then the rule fell for a short while to a Triumviratus which began and ended with Octavius Caesar Antonius and Lepidus After ten years the whole Empire was left to Octavius and his titles were Augustus Caesar and Imperator they continue to his successors to this day 18 Rome as yet sinkes not in her glory but goes fairely on with full victory till the Imperiall seat was removed to Bizantium and after divided into the East and West by Theodosius Betwixt these whiles was a great part of the world still called in to inlarge their Dominions and our selves among the rest though with some difficultie were forced to yeeld Britaine a Province to Caesar and the Romane Empire For let us take her limits at their best advantage and she was on the West bounded with the Atlantick Ocean on the East with the River Tigris in Asia on the North with Rhene and Danubius in Europe and on the South with the mount Atlas in Africa They containe these severall Provinces almost in order of time as they were subdued Italy parts of Africa Spaine and Germany Britaine Illiricum Diburnia Dalmatia Achaia Macedonia and Dardania Maesia and Thracia Pontus Armenia minor Mesopotamia Parthia Arabia Iudaea Cilicia Syria Aegypt Cantabria Austria Alpes Maritimae Rhetia Norricum Pannonia Armenia maior and the Ilands round so Ortelius marshals them 19 We must omit for want of space many eminent turnes of Fortune which Rome suffered in these interims and take her now as at that time she was in her full height of honour in compasse fiftie miles seated on the River Tyber fifteen from the Sea on her wals were raised 740. turrets fit to receive provision on warre for defence of the Citie in time of siege Livie numbers her 37. gates and her foundation was pitcht upon seven hils 1 Palatinus which as some say gave the name to our Kings Palaces 2 Capitolinus upon which was built the Capitoll delivered from the Gals by the gaggling of geese 3 Viminalis 4 Aventinus from whence their condemned persons were cast into the River Tyber 5 Esquilinus 6 Caelius where once stood the chiefe Councel-house for the Senators 7 Quirinalis You may not expect here an exact description take at large the speech of the Emperor Constantius when with wōder he beheld the Campus Martius the Sepulchre of Augustus the Forum Temples Bathes Theaters the Arcus triumphales Aquaducts statenesse and infinite other Monuments he gave a briefe epitomy of her antique glory that Nature had spent her selfe in the making up of that one Citie as if we might not hope to see the like in after-ages and true enough it is that she could not long support her selfe in that state of honour but as a string stretcht to the utmost cracks on the sudden 20 No sooner she was once divided but she lay open as a prey to the Goths Hunns Vandals Alani Burgundians and Lombards all now left of the Empire is almost a naked title and that scarce heard of in Rome for it hath it seat in Germany and is conferred upon some Christian Prince by the suffrages of the seven Electors The spirituall 1 Arch-bishop of Mentz Chancellour of the Empire through all Germany 2 Arch-bishop of Cullen Chancelour of the Empire through Italy 3 Arch-bishop of Triers Chancellour of the Empire through all France The Temporall 4 Count Palatine of Rhene Arch-sewer to the Emperour 5 Duke of Saxonie Lord Marshall 6 Marquesse of Brandenberge Chiefe Chamberlaine and 7 in case of equalitie of voyces among the other sixe the King of Bohemia casts the Diademe into whose lap he pleaseth 21 For the state of Rome as now it is and what else concerns the Empire since the removall of the seat royall I referre my Reader either to the descriptions of Italy and Germany or at least to some other moderne Authors who have scope to write more at large my intent here was briefly to set downe the beginning increase top and limits of the ancient Romans government ¶ The Description of GERMANY GERMANY is continued with Belgia and lyeth next East-ward in our course toward Asia We shall find them oft-times no otherwise distinguisht then by the termes of higher and lower greater and lesser Germany And indeed as this is the largest portion of the whol◠Region which is known by that name so is it the largest Region of our whole quarter which is knowne entirely by any one name 2 As for her antiquitie it doth not onely compare her to the rest of Europe but compares Europe her selfe with any other part of the second world which accounts her years but from Noahs Flood or the confusion of Tongues For this purpose we had before occasion in our generall Descriptions to mention the originall of the Germane Kingdomes and that as you may remember was drawne by Chronologers from Tuisco some say the sonne of Noah which lived soon after the world was repaired and began his Empire about thirty yeares from the fall of Babel 3 It appeares sufficiently upon the record of received Historians that in the time of their Idolatry they worshipped one Thyst or Tuisco as a God which sprang from the earth and to this day as I heare there is a street about Cullen called Deutsch and is thought as yet to retain a sound of the name of Tuisco for there he is supposed to have kept his residency Whether thus or no I leave it to my Authors proofe and my Readers judgement to beleeve or reject as it shall seeme best All I can inforce is that doubtlesse the Germanes were an ancient people and that they might challenge had they no other testimony to shew for it then her very names of Tuiscia or Teutscke Theuschland Almania and Teutonia by which she was known in severall ages long before the Romanes gave her this last appellation of Germany 4 Tuiscia Teutsch or Theuschlant was received from her first King and Almania from her second the sonne of Tuisco who as their Story gives it with equall credit as it doth the rest was
likewise worshipped for a God by the name of Mannus The same account is rendred for Teutonia from Teuto a Captaine of the Germanes and their ninth from Tuisco Vnder these they continued till the Romanes entry after their Conquest over the Gals for whose likenesse to them both in feature and colour in goodly portraiture and carriage of their wars they were from that time called Germany as if brothers to the Gaules Yet there are two which compound the name of the Teutonike words Gar or Ger which signifieth all or wholly and man which retaines with us its prime signification of Man as if they were all men to the proofe or as others interpret as if they were a mixt Nation of all sorts of men from severall Countries 5 But this last agrees not with the conjecture of some Geographers that Germany hath not changed her Inhabitants since she was first possest quoniam non est verisimile saith one aliquos Asiâ aut Africâ aut quidem Italiâ relicta Germaniam pettisse terris informem Coelo asperam cultu tristem aspectúque minimè nisi indigenis gratam And this indeed differs not much from the report of Mela Tacitus other ancient Writers But the reason I hold not good for howsoever it might be true in their times of some and the most part perhaps of Germany as it was then limited that it was sylvis horrida paludibus faeda et fluviorum cursibus praepedita montium anfractibus exasperata ob idque maximè invia yet now she hath changed her hue and by the help of good husbandry is become so fertile and pleasant by the large additions to her Territories in these our after ages is growne so populous that she vayles not to France Spaine or Italy it selfe saith Quadus 6 By her first Geographers she was limited on the West with the River Rhene on the east with Ietula on the south with Danubius each of these tracts have won upon their neighbouring Countries and inlarged the compasse of Germany to a double extent of what it was before For on the West she passeth Rhene as farre as â—icardy and Burgundy parts of France Eastward is the German tongue and Empire exercised over the Region of Prussia Southward she reacheth beyond Danubius to the very Alpes which border upon Italy North-ward she hath ever kept her owne but hath beene curbd indeed from seeking new Kingdomes in that tract by the maine Ocean which divides her in part from Swevia Norway c. And to these limits we apply our Description No marvaile if it give her more honor then she had in former times For her compasse now is reckoned to be 2600. English miles Her ground fertile enough of it selfe and yet besides enjoyes the benefit of many Navigable Rivers which inrich her with trafique from other Kingdomes 7 Those of greatest fame are 1 Danubius the largest of Europe called by Pliny and others Ister It takes in sixtie Navigable Rivers and is at last discharged by many passages into the Pontus Euxinus 2 Rhene which hath its rising from the Alpes and runnes into the German Ocean From thence have we our best Rhenish Wines and upon his bankes stands the Citie Strasburg 3 Amasus Ems which glides by Westphalia into the German Sea 4 Maemu Megu whose head is in the Mountaines of Bohemia and from thence passeth by Francfort into the German Sea 5 Albis Elve which riseth from eleven Fountains meeting into one about the Sylva Hircinia 6 Odeca which hath not his passage immediately into the Sea but into the River Albis The middle mark of this Countrey is the Kingdome of Bohemia incompassed with the Sylva Hircinia 8 The chiefe Commodities of Germany are Corne Wine Salt Metals of all sorts Fruits good store Saffron c. The Ayre wholesome her Baths healthfull her Gardens pleasurable her Cities faire her Castles strong and her Villages very many and well peopled 9 The Inhabitants have put off their ancient rudenesse as the Countrey her barrennesse They are as goodly of person as ever as stout as ever and farre more civill then in the time of the Romanes It seems they were then esteemed but an ignorant and simple people more able to fight then to manage a battaile They were ever hardy enough but wanted Commanders of their owne of skill and judgement Since they have had Commerce with other Nations and have suffered the upbraid as it were of their Predecessors dulnesse they have beene in a manner shamed out of it and are now become rather by industrie then wit a most ingenious people and skilfull in the Latine Greeke and Hebrew learning famous beyond any others in Europe unlesse Belgia for the invention of many notable and usefull Engines The Gun and Gun-powder was first brought to light by one Bertholdus Swart a Franciscan which hath almost put by the use of any other warlike Instrument in those parts of the world where the practise is perfectly understood Generally the poorer sort are excellent Mechanikes and the rest for the most part Schollers 10 It bred Albertus Magnus Appian Gesuer Munster Luther Vrsin Zwinglius Scultetus Iunius Keckerman and many others in their severall kinds and Religions some Papists some Lutherans some Calvinists and among the rest many Iewes A. NEWE MAPE OF GERMANY Newly Augmented by Iohn Speed Ano. Dom 1626 12 The first which injoyed the institution of Pope Gregory was Radulphus Nabs purgensis 1273. after twelve yeares interregnum The last before him was our Richard Earle of Cornwall and brother to Henry the third King of England Since it hath continued firme in this course of Election howsoever not with that liberty as was intended For commonly the Emperour in being while he hath his power about him and can at least intreat if not command the Subjects of the Empire promise a choice of the Rex Romanorum who is no other then a successor designed to rule after his death or resignation And by this meanes it hath a long time continued in the house of Austria without any intermission 13 Thus we see much plotting great state many ceremonies to the making up of an Emperour and yet when it is well weighed it is little better then a bare title For howsoever these outward observances of the German Princes make shew of an humble subjection to the Emperour yet when it comes to trial he hath very little to doâ— in their Governments But each of them takes upon him as a free and absolute Commander in his owne Countrey permitteth or suppresseth the Religion which he either likes or dislikes makes and abrogates Lawes at pleasure stamps Coyn raiseth Souldiers and sometimes against their great Master as the Duke of Saxoniâ— against Charles the fifth and at this day divers others in defence of the Prince Palatine For of this quality and power there are many Dukes Marqueses Counts c. besides 64. Franc Cities which make onely some slight acknowledgement to the Emperour appeare perhaps at his Parliaments
and they say are bound to furnish him at need with 3842. horâ—e among them and 16200. foot 14 The chiefest Regions of Germany best knowne to us and noted by our Geographers with a more eminent Character then the rest are these 1 East Frizâ—land 2 Westphalia 3 Cullen 4 Munster 5 Triers 6 Cleve 7 Gulick 8 Hassia 9 Alsatia 10 Helvetia 11 Turingia 12 Brunswicke and Luneburg 13 Franconia 14 Palatinatus Rhene 15 Wittenburg 16 Ausper 17 Bayden 18 Mentz 19 Bamberg 20 Weirstberg 21 Saxonia 22 Anhalt 23 Mansfield 24 Sâ—evia 25 Bavaria 26 Brandeburg 27 â—usatia 28 Tirolum 29 Misnia â—0 Bohemia 31 Silesia 32 Moravia 33 â—omerania 34 Mecklinburg 35 Austria 15 East-Frizeland is on the West side of Germany and bounded with the North Sea Her chiefe Towne is Embden 2 Westphalia is on the South of East Frizeland It is most famous for Swine and excellent Bacon which is esteemed with us one of our greatest dainties to commend a feast Part of it belongs to the three next Bishops of Cullen Munster and Triers 3 Cullen her Arch-bishop is an Elector The chiefe Towne was called Vbiopolis afterward Agrippina and lastly Cullen from a Colony which was there planted by the French It is a received tradition among the Inhabitants that the bodies of the Wisemen which came from the East to worship Christ are here interred None almost but hath heard of the three Kings of Cullen 4 Munster Her chiefe Citie is Munster notable since the yeare 1533. at which time a company of brainsicke Anabaptists named it Ierusalem and raised them a new Governour by the title of the King of Sion 5 Triers Her Arch-bishop an Elector Her chiefe Citie Triers of great antiquitie founded by Trebeta the sonne of Ninius and Bopport sackt by our Earle Richard King of the Romanes 16 6 Clivia or Cleave-land a Dukedome of name Her chiefe Cities are Wesell Emrick and Cleve Her Commoditie the Tophus-stone of which they make Cement 7 Iuliacum Gulick a Dutchy Her principall City is Aken or Aquisgranum where the Emperour receives his Silver Crowne for Germany and doth great worship to a clout which they take to be our Saviours mantle in which he was wrapped 8 Hassia a mountainous Countrey but fruitful Her Metropolis Marpurgum an Vniversitie and the chiefe place of her Lant-grave is Cassels It comprehends likewise the Countes of Nassaw and Hanaw 9 Alsatia Her chiefe Citie is Sâ—râ—sburg famous for a Clocke of wonderfull art and a Tower of five hundred seventy eight paces high Other Townes here are of note as Bing Wormes Confluence and Andernach 10 Helvetia Switzerland on the East of France and North of Italy It containes thirteene Cantons Zurich Berne Lucerne Vraenia Glavis Zugh Basell Friburg Vnderwalt Solour Shaffnansen Apeâ—sol and Suits Her chiefe Cities are Zurike or Tigurum wheâ—â— Zwinglius was martyred And Sengall or Civitas Sancti Galli and Basell where a generall Councel was decreed to be above the Pope in the yeare one thousand foure hundred thirty one 17 Turingia Her Prince a Lant-grave Her ground though not of large extent not above twelve German miles either in length or bredth saith Maginus yet it is very rich it comprehends twelve Counties as many Abbies a hundred fourty foure Cities as many Townes above two thousand Villages two hundred and fiftie Castles Her Metropolis is Erford 12 Brunswick on the East of Westphalia a Dukedome whose principall Cities are Brunswick Halberstade Wolsheiten and Luneburgh which gives title to another Dukedome whose chiefe seat is Cella 18 13 Franconia It lyeth on the West of Turingia and joynes to Hassia Northward The Inhabitants were converted to Christianity by Boniface In this Province stands Franckefort famous for her two Marts every yeare and Noremberg within the territories are comprehended the seven other which belong to this section 14 The Palatine of Rhene some seventy two miles from North to South and from East to West ninety sixe Her chiefe Citie is Heidelberge Her Prince an Elector and hath many more priviledges then the other sixe In the vacancy he is Governour of a great part of Germany 15 Wirtenberge The chiefe Townes are Tubing an Vniversity Studgard c. 16 Auspech a Marquisate Her chiefe Town Auspech 17 Baden a Marquisate pleasant and fruitfull betwixt the Rivers Rhene and Neccar Her chiefe Cities are Turlach and Baden in which there be Bathes that cure many diseases 18 Mentz Moguntia a Bishoprick The Prince is a Spirituall Elector and sits alwaies at the right hand of the Emperour 19 Bamberg a Bishoprick of it selfe of large revâ—newes In this stand Fochia where they say Pontius Pilate was borne 20 Weirstberg Her Bishop is intituled Duke of Franconia 19 21 Saxoniâ— on the East of Hassia and South of Brâ—nswick and North of Turingia In this Province was Luther borne at Isleben Within her bounds are likewise comprehended these two other Principalities of Anhalt and Mansfield 22 Anhalt whose Governour with great courage and power bore Armes in defence of the Palatines right to the Kingdome of Bohemia 23 Mansfield an Earledome the more famous for the valiant acts of the present Count who to this day wars upon the Emperours party in the behalfe of the Illustrious Palatine and his unparalleled Lady Elizabeth Sister to his Royall Majesty of England 20 24 Swevia on the South of Franconia It is a Countrey full of people and those of goodly personage great wit and valiant In this Province is the head of Danubius and runs through the middle of the Countrey Her chiefe Townes are Vlme Lindawe and Auspurg or Augusta Vindelicorum Norlingen c. 25 Bavaria on the South of Bohemia and â—ranconia There is both the upper and lower Bavaria Of the first the chief Cities are Muchen Ingolstadâ— Frising and about thirty foure Townes more equall to most Cities of the lower Bavaria the principall are Ratisbone Patavium Pussan Lanshutum and Saltspurge In this City lyeth buried Paracelsus 26 Brandeburge on the East of Saxonie a Marquisate of five hundred and twenty miles in compasse It was heretofore inhabited by the Vandâ—les The Metropolis is Brandeburge and Francfort ad Odicum for so it is distinguished from the other Francfort in Franconia and Berlium Here are fifty five Cities and sixty foure Townes 27 Lusatia it lookes Westward toward Saxony The chiefe Citie is Gorlitzia 28 Tyrolum on the South of Bavaria and East of Helvetia Her chief cities are Oonipous Inspruck Brixen Tridentum Trent where the Generall Councel was held one thousand five hundred fourtie sixe 29 Misnia on the East of Lusatia a fruitfull Region Her chiefe Cities are Misnia Drisden Lipsia a place of learning and Torga many Writers place this Province with Saxonie 21 30 Bohemia on the South of Saxonie and Misnia encompassed with the Sylva Hircinia a fruitfull and pleasant Countrey It may deserve a particular description of it selfe and therefore I will mention it here with no other solemnitie then I doe the rest of Germany Her Metropolis
is Prage which was taken by the Imperialists in this last quarrell the King and Queene being at that time in the Church celebrating Gods service were forced suddenly to flye for their safetie into Silesia 31 Silesia Eastward from part of Bohemia two hundred mile long and eightie one broad a fruitfull Countrey the people valiant Her principall Cities are Breselare and Neisse 32 Moravia on the East of Bohemia and South of Silesia Her chiefe Cities are Almusium Olmutz and Brin 33 Pomerania It is bounded on the East with Istula on the North with the Baltick Ocean Her Metropolis is Stetin Others chiefe are Wolgast Wallin c. On the West of this Region stands 34 Mecklinburg or Megalopolis a place Provinciall of it selfe and hath Townes of note Malchawe Rostock c. 22 35 Austria an Arch-Dukedome it lieth upon Hungarie and is esteemed by the Germans the Easterne bound of the Empire It was formerly called Pannonia superior It is a rich Countrey Her chiefe Cities are Vienna famous for beauty wealth and learning Emps Sr. Leopald c. There are reckoned to this Region the Provinces of Styria Carinthia Carinola and by some Tirolum The Description of the Kingdom of Bohemia IN our Description of Germany we reckoned Bohemia but as a Province among the rest and therefore she was mentioned there with no more solemnitie then the other parts were We purpose here to declare it an intire Kingdome of it selfe which besides her own compasse as she is most commonly limited by Geographers hath under-subjects Dukedomes and Marquisates such as doe her homage and make her well worthy of a particular Historie then we had before roome for 2 The ancient Inhabitant of these parts was the Bemorum magna gens as Ptolemie cals it and placeth it somewhat South toward Danubius undâ—r Suna sylva After them the Boii a people of Gallia Lugdunensis which had been before conquered by Caesar saith Quadus and packt over the Alpes to seek them a new seat in Italy But when they found the Romanes too hotte for their abode there they were forced to trudge farther and to passe the River Rhene into Germany as Strabo witnesseth where they found them a fit place to lurk in compassed with a large Wood called the Sylva Hercinia and like enough they joyned in with the Bemi to make up the name of Bohemia But neither here did they enjoy their peace long for they were in time nessled out by a potent people of Swevia called Marcomanni and they again had the like measure from the Slavonians a barbarous crue which came in upon them under the conduct of an exiled murderer of Croatia one Zechius about the yeare five hundred and fiftie 3 From that time there hath beene no generall expulsionâ— but the present Bohemians are the progeny of those Sclavonians whose very language and customes are in use among them at this day Doubtlesse it was at first a rude Common-wealth that had no other Governours but so ungoverned a multitude for so they continued above an hundred years after Zechius But when they had for a time endured the misery of such a confusion they were content to agree upon some one for their Prince that might rule them and the first which they elected was Crocus a man of great esteeme among them for his wisdome and goodnesse 4 Till the time of Vratislaus it had the title of a Dukedome onely He was the first King and was created by Henry the fourth of Germany anno one thousand eighty sixe Yet after that againe for the succession of sixe Princes it was governed by Dukes For the second King was Vladislaus the third crowned by Fredericke the Emperour in the yeare one thousand one hundred fiftie nine and the third Primaslaus Crowned by the Emperour Philip one thousand one hundred ninetie nine after sixe other Dukes from his Predecessor Vladislaus the third It hath beene now long since fully settled into a Kingdome and is the title of the right Noble Frederike Count Elector Palatine of the Rhene and husband to the illustrious Elizabeth Daughter to our late Soveraigne King IAMES They were both Crowned at Prague in the yeare one thousand sixe hundred and nineteene but have beene enforced ever since to maintaine their right by continuall warres against Ferdinand the second who by vertue of an adoption which declared him successor to Matthias layes claime to the Crowne of Bohemia But the case was before decided in their third Vladislaus who though as deeply interessed to the Kingdome as Ferdinand could be yet for that he had past no legall election according to their Customes and Priviledges he was deposed by the States and Vldarilaus chose in his roome 5 There remains no great difficultie concerning the name It appeares sufficiently to proceed either from her first people or first Prince who as some report was one Boemus And t is worth observing that though this Land hath in sundry ages beene so often ransackt and possest by strangers and Tyrants yet in her name she constantly preserves the memorie onely of her first Natives and hath not suffered that change as we have done from Albion to Britaine from Britaine to England And so indeed it is with almost all which have beene equally subject to the like Invasions 6 The scituation of this Kingdome is almost in the middest of Germany and is easily descried in our common Maps by the Hircinian Forrest held in the Romans time to be nine dayes journey in bredth and in length at least forty So Caesar in his sixth Com It closeth Bohemia on every side insomuch that to shew they are not unlike an Amphitheater it is Maginus his comparison The severall parts of this Wood are knowne by divers names which they take from the Countrey adjacent The portion North West is by Strabo called Gabreta Sylva that South toward Danubius Luna Sylva by Ptolemy non Sylva Passarica and so the rest Without this wall of Bohemia as Quadus calls it her limits are on the West Franconia on the North Lusatia and Misnia on the South Bavaria and Austria on the East Moravia and Sileâ—ia The figure of it is in a manner circular and the diameter is esteemed three dayes journey to a quick travailour The circuit containes five hundred and fiftie miles of good ground fertile and pleasant enricht as well by her Rivers as Land Commodities 7 Her principall are 1 Albis Elve which hath his rising in the Hercinian Wood and the name from eleven Fountaines which meet in one at the head of the River For Elve or Elbe in the Germane tongue signifies eleven It runs through a great part of the Countrey and by the chiefe Citie Prague and at last vents it selfe into the German Ocean Of this Lucan thus Fundat ab extremo flavâ—s Aquilone Suevos Albis indomitum Rheni caput 2 Multaria Mulda 3 Egra which gives a name to a Town 4 Sassava 5 Gisera 6 Missa And 7 Vatto They are received
all into the River Albis yeeld excellent Salmon and plentie And if we wil beleeve report there is oft-times found in the sands lumps of pure gold which need no other refining and very pretious shels of great value 8 It seemes the water supplies that only defect which is to be found in their Land For it is to be observed to be full with Mines of all sorts of Metals Gold onely excepted Their Tinne was found out by an English-man of Cornwall in the yeare one thousand two hundred and forty one belike which had beene skilled in that worke in his owne Countrey for it is said that at that time there was no Tinne knowne else-where in Europe The earth gives good Corne and their pastures breed as good Cattell There is Wood good store as there are Woods which harbour multitudes of wild Beasts Foxes Beares Harts Bulls and others which afford them sport in the Hunting and meate for the best mans Tables Among the rest there is a wild Beast which they call Lomi armed by nature with a strange defence against the Hounds which follow her For they sâ—y she hath a kind of bladder hanging under her jawes which in the Hunting she fils with a scalding hot water and casts it upon the Dogs with that nimblenesse that they are not able to avoyd or pursue her but oft-times have their very haire fall oft as from a drest Pigge The Countrey is generally rich in Saffron and other Medicinall drugges Wine it hath too but not so kinde or pleasing as in other places in so much that the richer sort furnish themselves out of Austria Hungarie and the Regions about which they in lieu of it supply with excellent Beere For they are held very good at the art of brewing and not behind-hand at drinking when they have done It is said of the meaner sort I suppose that if once they set to a Vessell of good liquor they will not loose it till they have found it emptie BOHEMIA Newly described by Iohn Speed Anno Dom 1626 10 For matter of learning they have not beene very famous heretofore howbeit now the better parts are not now behind with the other parts of Germany The chiefe of note were Iohn Husso and Hierome of Prague two worthy members of the Church They were condemned for Heretiques in the Councel of Constance one thousand foure hundred and foure teene for attempting a reformation of such errours as they held not agreeable with the word of God But yet their sufferings could not dead the good seed which they had sowne in the true hearted It lives still among them in some measure though they have been often assayed by strange Impostures in Religion such as the heart of man could not conceive without a strong and extraordinary working of that great deceiver 11 I cannot passe the most wicked couzenage of Picardus who possest great multitudes of these silly people with an opinion that he could recall them to that perfect state in which Adam was created placed them in an Island for that purpose which he called Paradise caused them to walke naked and named this Sect Adamites Horrible sinnes were committed under that pretence promiscuous whoredome and incest at their very Divine Service It is feared that at this day there are many secret professors which live under ground meete at their solemnities have their prayers framed to their owne humour and when the Priest pronounceth the words of Genesis as his custome is Crescite multiplicamini replete terram the lights are suddenly popt out and without any respect had to alliance or kindred or reverence to their exercise they mingle like Beasts and when they have acted their wickednesse and are returned to their seats the Candles are againe lighted and they fall to their pretended prayers as if there had beene no harme done 12 The King is one of the seven Electors of the Emperour and in case the other sixe be equally divided he gives the suffrage which carrieth it It is to be thought that his power was conferred upon him not without great counsell and good reason For besides that the place it selfe is by nature strong the people too have a speciall inbred love to Germany and defence of her liberties At Coronation he is Cup-bearer and performes it himselfe in person if he be present His revenewes are cast up to be three millions of Crownes which are not gathered all within the compasse here limited but part out of other Principalities which are annexed to this Kingdome For there are foure Regions which make up his Title and are subject to his government 1 Bohemia it selfe as we have described it 2 Lusatia 3 Silesia 4 Moravia They were named in the Mappe of Germany as being parts of the whole Countrey but will admit here a more particular tract as belonging properly to this Kingdome 13 First then for Bohemia it selfe it containes about thirty Cities which are immediate subjects to the King as Quadus calls them besides many others which are held in possession of the chiefe Princes Primates Barons Counts and Nobles of the Countrey The Metropolis is Prague heretofore known by the names of Bubienum and Marobudum saith Maginus but rather I think by the situation it should be the same which Ptolemy calls Casurgis It was composed with a wall by Primaslaus their third King and received the name of Prague by the wife Lubussa a Limine which they say is called Prague in the Bohemian language It is indeed a very stately Citie seated in the middle of the Countrey on the River Multaria and compared by some to Florence It consists of three Cities which are called the old Towne the new Towne and the little Towne The old Towne is the chiefe and is adorned with many illustrious buildings The new Towne is divided from the old by a large ditch and the little Towne stands on the other side of the River Mulda but is joyned to the old Town by a stone-bridge of twenty-foure Arches It was made an Arch-bishops See by Charles the Emperour and King of Bohemia was once the chiefe Vniversitie but that now is removed to Lipsia in the Province of Misnia It is the Regall seat of Bohemia and here was the King and Queene when it was taken by the Imperialists 14 The other Cities of this Region which are worth the noting are 2 Egra It stands upon the River from whence it beares the name before it was called by Ptolemy Monosgada on the West end of Sylva Gabreta that part of the Hercinia which portends toward Franconia It was a City Imperial till the right was sold by Lodovicus Bavares to Iohn King of Bohemia It is a very strong City fortified as well by Nature as Art for the most part is built upon a Rock It is in compasse two miles within the walls and with the Suburbs three Not farre from it there is a fountaine of a kinde of sharpe water which the Inhabitants drinke in stead
of the Christian King of France his eldest son the Dolphin of France by their Salique Law no woman or heirs may inherit how justly I may not determine But yet the English have good reason to examine the Equitie For it cost our Edward the Third his Crowne of France to which he was heire in generall by marriage of a Daughter But the truth is we have beene ever easie to part with our hold there or at least forced to forgoe it by our civill dissentions at home else after all those glorious Victories of our Predecessors we might have had some power more to shew there as well as title FRANCE revised and augmented the attires of the French and situations of their cheifest cityes obserued by Iohn Speede. Are to be sould in Pops head alley by Geoâ—Humble Ano. 1626 THE SCALE OF MILLES 12 Aquitania lyeth on the West of France close upon the Pyrenaean Mountaines and Contunies 1 Another part of Biscay mentioned in the Mappe of Spaine and indeed differeth from that but very little 2 Gascoigne and Guien The first to this day keeps its name with a very little change from the Spanish Vascones The chiefe City is Burdigala or Burdeaux a Parliamentary and Archiepiscopall seat and Vniversitie of good esteeme was honoured with the birth of our Richard the second Another Citie of note is Tholouse a seate Parliamentarie and supposed to be as ancient as the Rule of Deborah in Israel This Gascoigne containes in the Earledomâ—s of Forie Comminges Armeniaci and the Dutch Albert. 3 Pictaria Poictu on the North of Guien a pleasant Region and a plentifull It containes three Bishopricks Poitiers Lucon and Mailazai Her chiefe Cities are Poictiers an ancient and the largest next Paris in all France Castrum Heraldi once the title of the Scotch Earles of Hamildon In this Province was fought the great Battel betwixt our Black Prince and Iohn of France where with eight thousand he vanquished fortie thousand tooke the King Prisoner and his sonne Philip 70. Earles 50. Barons and 12000. Gentlemen 4 Sonictonia severed from Poictiers but by the River Canentell and so differs but little from her fertility Her Metropolis Saints Her other chiefe Bourg Blay Marennes Saint Iohn D'angely and Anglosme Betwixt this Country Poictiers stands Rochell a place the best fortified both by nature and art of any in Europe And is at this time possest by those of the Reformed Religion where they stand upon their guard and defend their freedome of conscience against the Roman Catholikes of France 5 Limosin in limo sita saith some Maginus takes it from Liwoges her chiefe Citie toward the North which revolted was recovered by our Black Prince Her other Towns of note are Tulles and Vxerca and Chaluz where our Richard the first was shot It hath beene by turnes possest by French and English till Charles the Seventh Since we have had little hold there 6 Berry regio Biturigum from her chiefe City Bituris now Burges an Archiepiscopall See and Vniversitie It is exceedingly stored with sheepe and sufficiently well with other Merchandize of value 7 Burbone from her chiefe City Burbone heretofore Boya a Dukedome and much frequented by Princes and the Nobility of France by reason of her healthfull ayre and commodious Baths 8 Tureine the Garden of France Her chiefe Cities Bloys Amboys Trurs and a little higher upon the Loyre stand Orleance 13 Lugdunensis or Celtica lyeth betwixt the Rivers Loyre and Seyne and takes the name from Lugdunum or Lions her chiefe Citie This Province comprehends 1 Britany heretofore Armorica till subdued by Maximinus King of England about the yeare 367. since it hath had the name of Britany and for distinction from this of ours it is commonly styled Minor Britannia There is yet remaining a smatch of the Welsh tongue which it seemes the Invaders had so great a desire to settle in those parts as a trophie of their Conquests that when they first mingled in marriage with the Inhabitants they cut out their wives tongues as many as were Natives that no sound of French might be heard among their Children It hath few Rivers but that defect is in some measure made up by their neighbourhood of the Sea in so much that the Countrey is reckoned one of the most fertile in all France for Corne Wine and Wood. It breeds good Horses and speciall Dogges Iron Leade c. Her chiefe Cities are Nants Rhenes St. Brenie and Rohan It is divided into Britanniam inferiorem the base or lower Britanie Westward neerest England and Superiorem toward the Loyre Eastward Her chiefe ports are St. Malo and Breste 2 Normandie a part of the Region which was heretofore called Newstria and took the name it hath from the Norwegians Their first Duke was Rollo and the sixt from him our William the Conquerour It was lost from his Successors in the time of King Iohn Her chiefe Cities are Rhothomagus or Rhoan the Metropolis Constance and Cane memorable for the siege of our English H. the fift And Verveile besieged by Philip the second of France in the time of our Richard the first which when the King heard as he sate in his Palace at Westminster it is said he sware he would never turne his back to France till he had his revenge and to make good his oath brake through the wals and justly performed his threat upon the besiâ—ger Her principall parts are Harflew the first which King Henry the fift of England assaulted and New Haven given up by the Prince of Conde to Queene Elizabeth as a Pledge for such Forces as she would supply him with to maintaine Warres with the King in defence of Religion And Deepe c. 3 Anjoue regio Andegavensis a fertile Countrey and yeelds the best Wine of France excellent Marble and other faire stone for buildings Her chiefe Citie is Anjers which Ortelius takes to be Ptolemy's Iuliomagum It is now an Vniversitie To this Dukedome there are foure Earledomes which owe a kind of homage Manie Vandosme Beufort and Laval 4 Francia which gives name to the whole Kingdome and received it her selfe from the Germane Francones which before inhabited the great Forrest called Sylva Hircynia Her chief City and the glory of France is Paris or Lutetia auasi in luâ—o sita in compasse twelve miles is reckoned the first Academie of Euâ—rope consists of fiftie-five Colledges And here was Henry the sixt Crowned King of France and England In this Province stands St. Vincents where Henry the fift died and Sâ—isons and the Dukedome of Valoys c. 5 Campaigne and Brye partners in the title of Earledome it is severed from Picardie onely with the River A fertile Countrey and hath many eminent Cities The principall is Rheimes where the Kings most commonly are Crowned and annointed with an Oyle sent they say from Heaven which as oft as it hath beene used never decreaseth It is the Seat of an Arch-bishop and Vniversitie of â—ote especially with our
English Roman-Catholiques who have a Colledge there appointed for their fugitives And others of note are Troys and Brye and Auxerre and Sans and Arch-biâ—shops See c. 6 Burgundis both the Dutchie and Countie The Dutchie or Burgundia inferior and Westerne lyeth on the South of higher Germany Her principall places are Digion Saint Bernards birth-Towne Antun Bealâ—e Sologue and Aliza once the famous Citie of Alexia The Countie of Burgundie or Burgundia superior yeelds not to the choysest Garden in France for fertility of soyle not to the most renowned for stoutnesse of the Inhabitants They acknowledge not as yet the French Command no more then Savoy and Loraine They were under divers Generals and are called Wallons corruptly for Galleus a trick of the Dutch Her principall Cities are Besauson the Metropolis of both Burgundies Salives Arboys Gray and Dola 7 Lugdunense Territorium Lione an illustrious Citie The Center of Europe I mean where Merchants meet for traffique from all quarters And these Provinces belong either wholly or at least in part to Gallia Lugdunensis For indeed some lye divided and stretch into their neighbours Territories as Campania into Belgica and this last Lugdunense is in part under the Government of Savoy 14 Narbonensis Gallia on the West hath the Comitatus Armenaici and Comminges Eastward part of the Alpes Northward the Mountaine Comenus and Southward the French Seas It is generally a fruitfull Countrey not inferiour in the esteeme of Plinie to Italy it selfe it comprehends the Provinces 1 of Languedoc supposed from Languegotia language of the Gothes It reacheth from the bounds of Armenia and Comminges to the Mediterraneum Her chief Cities are Narbon from whence this whole Region receives her appellation and is reckoned the first Roman Province in Europe and Mons pessulame Mont-Pelleine an Vniversitie most famous for the study of Physick Nimes where there is at this day many reliques of Antiquities and Pons Sancti Siritus c. 2 Provence Provincia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 divided from Languedoc by the River Rhodanus Rhohan It belongs part to the Crowne of France part to the Pope and a third to the Prince of Orange In the Kings portion are Air a Parliamentary City Arles and Marfilia the last built in the time of the Roman Tarquine To the Bishop of Rome belongs Avenian a City and Arch-Bishops See with the whole Comitatus venissimus To the Prince of Orange the chiefe City Aurangia or Orange on the river Meine Estrang Boys de St. Poll. c. 3 Daulphine on the North of Province Regio Allâ—brogum and is divided in Delphinatum superiorem inferiorem The first contains in it Embrum where Agaric Mama is plentifully gathered Valentia c. The latter Grinnoble vienna Daulphin Romans 4 Savoy Sabadia on the East of Daulphin a Dukedome within whose limits stands the well known City Geneva which entertaines people from all Countries of any Religion But yet enforceth a law upon fugitives not common elsewhere For whatsoever Malefactor is there apprehended for mischiefe done in his own Countrey suffers as if he had been there condemned The principall Cities besides are Tarantise Bele Moustire Maurience c. To this Dukedome belong Cambrey on the West side of the Alpes and the Countrey of Bresse whose heire is entituled Prince of Piâ—mount a part of Italy at the very East foot of the mountains which sever her from this Countrey 15 Gallia Belgica the last is the Easterne tract toward Germany and as much as belongs to this Kingdome containes onely Picardie which is divided into the higher and lower The first portends towards the British Seas and here stands Calles distant but thirty miles from Dover It is that which Caesar called Portus Iccius wonne from the French by our Edward the third lost by Queene Mary upon her Confines toward England is the Countrey of Bononia and Cuinnes which contain sundry towns and villages The chiefe Bulloigne Conquered by our Henry the eight but delivered back in the raigne of Edward the sixt In this Picardie stans Terwin besieged by King Henry in person where the Emperour Maximilian served under his Colours and receved pay as his Souldiers In the lower Picardie stands Ambianum Ameins the Metropolis Here are the Dutchie of Terache whose chief City is Guisa which gave name to the family of the Guises and the Countrey of Vermeudois where Saint Quintin stands Retelois and Retelher metropolis Arteleis and Laferre her's Pontheine and Abberille 16 The Ilands which are reckoned properly French are onely those which lye neere in the Atlantick Ocean They are but few and of no great account The principall Dame de Bâ—vin Lâ—â—le Dieu Marmotier Insula Regis ¶ The Description of BELGIA IN this we continue still the Description of Belgia begunne in the Mappe of France For the title is common as well to these Territories as indeed to all the North-east Tracts of the old Gallia The portion hereditary to the French King was marked out among the rest of his Dominions The residue since it hath beene by length of time chance of warre or at least chance of Fortune dispersed into the power of severall Princes is better knowne to us by the familiar names of the Low-Countries then Netherlands Flanders c. 2 In the search of her Originall we may have reference to our precedent Discourse For questionlesse it was possest by the Gaules as the other parts were and if trust may be given to those antique Stories whose truth is almost worn out with age she reacheth her Pedegree as high as any and likely enough did pertake in the spoyles of Rome when the Capitoll was ransacked by the Gauls under the conduct of our two English Brothers For her chiefe Captaine Belgius whose memory she preserves to this day in her name is mentioned by Quadus and others as Companion to Brennius in his expedition toward Macedonia after they were intreated from Rome 3 In the first times they were a stout people and practised to continuall warres by the bordering Germanes which made them as well expert as hardy It seemes Caesar found them so in his tryall for he gives them in his Commentaries the honour of a valiant Nation above any other part of Gallia Yet at last he brought them under and in time they were expulsed by the Germanes who for their neerest speech and customs are supposed and justly too the Predecessours to the now Inhabitants 4 For her first name I find no other likely account given then from a Citie built by their Belgius in the Province of Hannonia where now stands Bavaris The rest Germania inferior the Lâ—w-Countries and Netherlands require no long search for without doubt they have little other ground then her low situation upon the Seas and indeed it is such as hath oft-times indangered her by inundations and sunke many hundreds of their Townes and Villages which to this day in some places shew their tops above water at a dead low ebbe Lastly
which hath found no end to this houre and caused them to cast oft the Spanish clogge which they did in the yeare 1581. and declared by their publique Writings that Philip the second King of Spaine had forfeited his government of the Low-Countries by breach of his faith And withall they bound their people by a new oath never to returne their obedience which they yet make good against the Arch-Dutchesse who by kindred to the Spanish King and marriage to the Arch-Duke is at this time interest in the government and therefore in the quarrell A NEW MAPE OF Y E XVII PROVINCES OF LOW GERMANIE mended a new in manie places Anno 1626. 12 We begin with the Dukedomes intayled to the Spanish faction and for the easier finding their situation we will take them as they lye from West to East And in this order is 1 Lutzenburg It stands betwixt the River Mosa on the West and the Forrest of Ardenna East on the South it joynes upon a part of France Her chiefe City is Lucenburg called by Ptolemy Augusta Romanduorum In circuit this Dukedome is 240. miles and containes in it many other Townes which have beene much batterred in the warres betwixt the French and Spanish Kings before the States were at difference among themselâ—es Theonville among others is of note for the stronger Bostonacum for the chiefe Merchandize It is called the Paris of Ardenna for by some that Forrest is reckoned into this Dukedome It stands on the East-side was in Caesars time 500. miles compasse now about 90. Neer to Ardenna is the Spaw bathes of great fame for the Cure of sundry diseases And hath oftentimes given our false English a pretence to leave their Countrey forsooth for Physick when they have no other excuse to get free and joyn themselves with the Romish Catholikes Maginus rockons into this Region 1168. Villages besides Castles with seven Earledomes many other petty Governments In the South is the Dutchy of Bovillon belonging to a Peere of France 2 Limburg on the North-east of Lutzenburg divides the government betwixt her own Duke and the Bishop of Luicke who commands the Westerne Tract as much as containes 24. walled Townes and 1800. Villages and hath under him 52. Baronies Luicke the chiefe City of the Bishoprick is an Vniversitie memorable for this one story above any other in Christendome That at one time there studied 9. Kings sonnes 24. Dukes sonnes 29. Earles sonnes c. The Dukes part in the East is not of that famâ— either for multitude of Towns and Villages or command of under-territories In the yeare 1293. the heires Male were extinct and by that means it fell to the Duke of Brabant The whole Region is exceeding fertile and affords almost all necessaries except Wine Among other Commodities it abounds with a kinde of stone of excellent use in Physick called Lapis calaminani The principall Citie Limburg stands upon the River Wesa 3 Brabant on the North of Limburg which commonly is supposed to have the name from Branchlant as if a barren soile but it is otherwise reported unlesse toward the North. The people are very jolly ut viri gravem senectutem sentire videantur And that me-thinkes should argue plenty Her chiefe Cities are Loraine an Vniversitie which containes 20. Colledges and among the rest a Seminary for English Iesuites Bruxells and this is the Dukes seat strengthned with a double wall and is adorned with very elegant buildings Bergen ap Some which is yet fresh in the memorie and mouthes since the siege 1622. Bodue whose people are noted to have preserved the antique valour of their Predecessors more then any other of the Provinces Breda was the place of the Prince of Orange got from the Spaniard by a desperate policy of a small number of Gentlemen which ventured themselves into the Castle being conveyed in a Boat covered with turves when they were past recoile they were forced to set their best strength forward as wel for their lives as the victory and were blest with a successe beyond hope They mastered the Castle and the rest soone followed It was of late recovered by the Spaniards after a long siege where our English got honour though not conquest under the conduct of our noble and valiant Earle of Oxford And lastly within the compasse of this D. is contained 13 The Marquisate of the holy Empire whose chiefe Citie is Antwerpe a Towne heretofore of infinite Trading had two Marts every yeare qualified with an extraordinary priviledge that during the time no man might be arrested nor his goods seazed and questionlesse this invited many which were in debt and could not have the freedome of traffique else-where 14 The Earledomes are 1 Flanders First indeed as well in esteeme as situation For it gives name to the whole Region of the Netherlands and the Prince writes himselfe Comes Dei gratiâ It is the very Northwest tract of this Belgia and is divided in Teutonicam Imperatoriam and Gallicam The first is the Flandria Flandricans properly Flanders The principal Cities are GandaduÌ„ Gaunt the birth-place of our Iohn Duke of Lancaster She is severed by the Rivers Shead and lets into 26. Ilands and hath passage from one to another by 98. bridges Her walls are seven miles in compasse Her other Townes are Burgies and Graveling Her Ports Dunkerke Scluse Newport Ostend c. The two last notable one for a pitcht field the other for a long siege In both the English honorably maintained the right of the States against the Arch-Duke Flandria Imperatoria is but a smal parcell and borders upon Brabant is called the Earledome of Hulit which is the chiefe Citie within her Territories Gallica Flandria is not of any large extent but very fertile and pleasant Her chief towns are Lilla or Lilse Duacum Doway an Vniversitie Orchais Tornay taken by King Henry the eighth and ransomed by the Inhabitants for 100000 Duckets 2 Artesia Artoyse the seat of the Atrebates in Caesars time Their chiefe City was then called Atrebatum now Arras whence we have our rich hangings and their name It lyeth most on the South of Flanders Maginus reckons to her 12. Cities and 852. Villages The chiefe of name besides their mother town Arras are Ayre Pernes St. Omer St. Paul 3 Hannonia Hanolt on the East of Flanders 60. miles long broad 48. Containes 950. Villages and 24. Towns beside Castles The chiefe are Banais supposed to stand in the same place where the ancient Belgium was built Mons Conde Valenciennes c. 4 Namurce on the East of Hanolt a fruitfull Countrey and full of Mines especially of Iron It hath but foure Cities 182. Villages The Metropolis is Namurce and the rest Charlemount Valen-Court Bornies 15 The only Barony of the Arch Dukes Province is Mechlin a City in Brabant which stands almost at equall distance betwixt Lovane Bruxells and Antwerpe Before the Spanish wâ—rs it was a place of Parliament for the States Since a great part of it was
South of Navarre on the East of Castile on the North of Valentia and the West of Catalonia The ancient Inhabitants were the Iaccetani Lucenses and Celtiberi her chief City Caesar Augusta 2 Catalonia It lyeth betwixt Arragon and the Pyrenaean hills It is supposed a mixt name from Gothi and Alani people which heretofore possest it after the Vandales had lost their hold The Region is but barren yet it hath in it many Cities The chiefe Terra cona which gave name to the whole Province called by the Romans Terraconenses 3 Valentia which on the East is touched with the Mediterraneum on the north with Castile on the south with the Kingdome of Murcia It is reported for the most pleasant and fruitfull Region in all Spaine it hath her name from her chief Citie and as Maginus relates admits as yet of 22. thousand Families of Moores In this is the Vniversitie where St. Dominicke father of the Dominicans studied And the old Saguntum besieged by Hannibal now Morvedre 12 The state of Castile as now it stands comprehends all the rest of those scattered governments as were possest by the Moores Portugall onely excepted And first Castil it selfe both the old which joyns with Arragon on the East of Portugall and the West of Navarre and the new which toucheth her upon the South The first abounds not much with fruits but yet it breeds many Cattell The Metropolis is Burgos and the other chiefe are Salamanca an Vniversitie and Valadelit once the seat of the Kings of Spaine Now Castile abounds more with Come is watered with the river Tagus and Ana and in this stands the Kings chiefe Cities Madrid and Toledo which was heretofore a proprietarie of it selfe The rest that belong to Castile are a Toledo how ever now but a City of new Castile yet in the division her Territories spread themselves over a large compasse The City is in the middest of Spaine It was the seat of the Gothish Kings and successively of the Moorish Princes now of the Archbishops who exceed in revenews any other Prelate in the world except the Pope Here hath sate eighteene Nationall Councels in the time of the Gothish Kings 3. 13 Biscay heretofore Cantabria on the North of old Castile toward the Ocean it was the last people which yeelded to the Romans and after to the Moores A Mountainous Countrey but affords excellent Timber for Ships and good Iron Her Cities are St. Sebastian Fonteralia and Bilbao which stands but two miles from the Sea and is noted for excellent Blades some have been tried by the English upon their owne Crests 4. 14 Leon heretofore Austria on the East hath Biscay on the West Gallicia on the North the Cantabricke Ocean and on the South old Castile The Region is reported to yeeld plenty of Gold Vermilion red Leade and other Colours else she is barren her Inhabitants not many and those live most upon Hunting and Fishing It is the title of the eldest Sonne of Castile as Wales is to our Prince of England Her chiefe City is Oveido which bare part with her in the name of a Kingdome and indeed was the Title of the first Christian King after the Moores Conquest 5. 15 Gallicia on the East joyns upon Leon on the West it is bounded with the Atlanticke Ocean on the North with the Cantabricke and on the south with the River Mingo It breeds Iennets in abundance in so much that they have beene Poetically faigned to be conceived by the winde Niger writes that here hath been an incredible plenty of Gold Leade and Silver That the Rivers are full of a mixt earth and that the Plough could scarce wagge for clods of golden Ore There appeares now no such matter The principall Cities are Saint Iago where St. Iames the Apostle lyeth buried his Reliques kept worshipped and visited by Pilgrims And the other of note especially with us is Corugna an excellent Port for Ships and mentioned oft in our warres with the Spaniards by the name of the Groyne Here likewise is the Promontorie Nerius called by our Mariners Capo de finis terrae 16 Murcia on the North hath new Castile on the South and East the Spanish Seas It is not much peopled but yet is famous for severall Commodities especially pure earthen vessels and fine Silke Heretofore it enriched the Romans with a daily supply of 25000. Drachmae of Silver Her chiefe places are Alicante whence our Alicant Wines come and new Carthage oft commended by our Travellers for her large and safe Haven and lastly Murcia a Town which gives name to the whole Region 17 Navare lyeth close to the Pirenaean Hills and as Maginus gives it is inclosed with Mountaines and so it is North and East on the West it hath the River Ebro and on the South Arragon The Vascones are said to have lived here who afterward placed themselves in France and keepe there their name to this day of Vascones corruptly Gascoignes The chiefe Townes are Pampelme the Metropolis and Viana the title of the Navarran Prince Maginus sets the Revenue annuall of this Kingdome at 100000. Duckets 18 Corduba now a Citie onely heretofore a Kingdome and included Andaluzia Granada and Estrâ—madura Equalized almost the whole Province whâ—ch the Romans in their second division called Baetica Andaluzia hath lost but one letter of her name since she was possest by the Vandales From them she was first called Vandalicia since Andalicia corruptly Andaluzia It lyeth on the West of Granada and is a very fertile Countrey In this Region is the chiefe Citie Corduba whence we receive our Cordavan Leather The second of note is Sevill the Metropolitane of Andaluzia and the fortunate Ilands esteemed the goodliest Citie in all Spaine and though as Corduba it was not honoured with the title of a Kingdome yet it honoured a Kingdome with her title in the opinion of some which derive Hispania from her former appellation Hispalis From this shoare they lanch forth toward the Indies and from hence they send their Sevill Oranges The Arch-bishop of Sevill is second to Toledo as well in Revenewes as degree Neere to Andaluzia is the Iland of Gades by which the Carthaginians entred into Spaine Since it is called Cadis and commonly Cales The English have had their turne in the possession of that I le Now againe fortune hath cast it upon the Spaniard On the very South edge of this Region stands one of Hercules Pillars which answers to the other Promontory in Mauritania The Sea betwixt both is called Fretum Herculeum and Straights of Gibralter The second Province of Corduba was Granada on the East of Andaluzia the West of Murcia and South of new Castile toward the Spanish Seas It hath been farre more fertile then now it is yet it still reserves a shew of her former beauty affords as excellent Sugar Silke and Wines The principall Towns of note are Granada and Malaga the first for Stockins and the other for good Sacks The
third Province of Corduba Estremâ—dura lyeth on the South of Castile and is watred through the middle with the River Ana And in this stands the City Merida once a Roman Colonie and named by them Augusta Emerita from the Inhabitants which were there planted by Augustus and culled out of his ancient tryed Souldiers 19 Portugall is the third Kingdome in our last division of Spaine and it may well be esteemed one of her largest Territories For it runnes along by the Atlantick Ocean from the borders of Gallicea as Andaluzia on the North it is limited with the River Mingo on the South with part of the Mediterraneum on the West with the Atlantick on the East with the Castiles Andaluzia and Estremadura Her name some derive à portu Gallorum Maginus rather à portu Cale a Haven of that name which was much frequented by Fishermen It is almost the same portion of Spaine which was heretofore Lusitania and her people were esteemed the most valiant crafty and agile Souldiers of the whole Region yet now they are held to be simple ad proverbiuÌ„ usque But it is their neighbour Spaniards censure who indeed have over-reached them in cunning and brought them under the subjectioÌ„ of their Catholicke King which were before a free State of themselves and carried with them another Kingdome of the Algarbi which stands in her very South and shews the Cape of St. Vincent into the Atlanticke Ocean Give them their due they are excellent Sea-men and the best alive to atchieve adventurous actions For they added to their Dominions many Territories of Africa Asia and America could they have been so fortunate as to have kept their Kingdomes and themselves out of the reach of the cogging Spaniard 20 The Countrey affords not much Corne but fruit reasonable store and Mines of severall metalls Allum Marble good Silkes c. The chief City is Lisbone in Latine Vlyssipona supposed to have been built by Vlysses And from hence they set sayle towards the East Indies to Aethiopia Brasile c. In so much that this very City yeelds more revenew then the rest of the whole Kingdom Another eminent place of this Region is the Metropolis and Academia of Conimbria called before Mouda And this briefly is the whole Continent of Spaine but doth not terminate the Spanish Dominions which commands as well the Ilands which lye neere in the Atlanticke and Mediterraneum as many other parts of the world besides interminate with other Regions The Kingdome of Naples in Italy Dutchy of Myleine Iles of Sicily and Sardinia the Canaries Townes and Castles and Havens in Barbarie In the West Indies Mexico Peru Brasile large portion in the East 21 The Ilands neere Spaine in the Atlanticke chiefly the Tarsarae In the Mediterraneum are the Baleares and those are two principall Maiorica commonly called Mallorca and Minorica commonly Menorca Other lesse Ilands are Dragonera Cabrera Pyttussae Erisa Vedrau Conirello Dragomago and Scombraria ¶ The Description of ITALY ITALY is divided from France and Germanie by the Alpes and stretcheth her selfe South-east betwixt the Tyrrhene and Adriaticke Seas almost in just proportion of a mans legge I may spare my Reader her lavish attributes which he can hardly baâ—â—e if he will but looke into any Authour where her name is mentioned She must for me and well may be content here with the briefe Elogie of Plinie to which I thinke the wit of man can adde but little Certainly the most blessed seat of man upon earth can deserve no more Italia terrarum omnium alumna eadem parens numine deorum electa quae coelum ipsum clarius faceret sparsa congregaret imperia ritus molliret tot populorum discordes linguas sermones Commercia ad colloquia distraberet humanitati hominem daret 2 Yet to speake truth we cannot abate her much of this title The mother of Countries we may call her since most Writers agree that she was first inhabited by Ianus or Noah as some would report him the father of Nations It was doubtlesse a very long time since the world was honest and deserved the name of a golden age yet then was she peopled as Iustine delivers out of Trogus by the Aborigines whose King was first Ogyges then Saturne a man so just that under his government there was knowne no tyranny from their Prince no disloyaltie from the subject no injurie from the neighbour They had all one patrimony one possession and where all acknowledge no peculiar there can be but little cause of strife 3 I presume not to set downe the just yeare when men were thus ordered But if you will beleeve the story of the Gentiles compared in Chronologie by some of late yeares and better trust as Munster Quade c. Ianus pater hominum deorum and immediate predecessor to Saturne was in Italy within 200. yeares after the Flood and received the aged Chronus into part of his Kingdome with him being expulsed by his sonne Iupiter out of Crete Each of them built a Citie and left a sound of his name for their remembrance the one Ianua which to this day hath suffered no further change then to Genua and the other Saturnia and both in their times gave name to the whole region which are not yet fully worne out though others have since took place as Latium quia his latebat Saturnus Italia ab Italo Siculorum rege Hesperia from the Westerne starre Aâ—sonia and Oenotria from her excellent Wines But this is the largest scope which we can give to her antiquity Helvicus and other authenticke observers of time cuts off well-nigh a thousand yeares from this account of the Aborigines and placeth their Dynastia 2622. years after the creation 966. after the Flood and before Christ 1327. 5 The first change of Inhabitants was forced by Evander the Arcadian a man of that admirable eloquence that he was called the sonne of Mercurie but had by chance slaine his father and was therefore expulsed his inheritance and advised into Italy by his mother a great Prophetesse of those times He removed the Aborigines from their seat and planted his companions in the same plot of ground where after Rome was built and in the Mons Palatinus founded a little Town which he called Pallanteum in memory of his great grand-father And this was about the yeare 2710. 6 About 60. yeares after Aeneas arrived in this Countrey from the siege of Troy was entertained as an amorous suitor by Lavinia with consent of her father Latinus and after the death of his corrivall Turnus King of the Rutilians was settled heire to the Latine Monarchy after his father 7 From Aeneas to Numitor the succession went on not without some rubs but suffered no great breach for almost foure hundred yeares When the title should have fallen to him being the elder and true heire he was spoyled of the Kingdome by his younger Amulius Sylvius nor could it be recovered till time had given growth and
Metropolis Otranto once Hydruntum And here stands Brundusium famous for one of the best Havens in Christendome 6 Puglia and her chiefe City was Arpinum Tullies birth-place 19 The Land of the Church lyeth on the West of Naples and South-east of the Common-wealth of Venice North and South she crosseth from the Adriatique to the Tuscane Sea Her under-provinces are 1 Romandiola and her chiefe Cities Bononia and Ferrara and Ravenna 2 Marchia Anchonitana in which stands Loretto the place where so many miracles are performed by our Lady as they deliver among the rest of their Legends Ducato Spoletano and in this Asis where Saint Francis was borne 4 Saint Peters patrimonie a large portion and I beleeve more then ever he enjoyed or could leave to his heires Her ancient Townes well knowne and oft mentioned in the Roman Stories were Alba the seat of the Sylvian Kings and Ostia built by Ancus Martius and Tybur Proueste the Gabii the Veii and that which bustles for the place above any other in Christendome Rome her selfe we will not repeate her beginning she was then but two miles in compasse but after she grew fat she burnished to 50. miles about upon the walls 740. Turrets and the Inhabitants innumerable For those memorable actions which were performed in her under the antique Empire we will referre the Reader to a particular Description derived wholly to that purpose As it is now it stands somewhat lower on the bankes of Tiber in the Campus Martius she retaines yet 11. miles round and 200000. Inhabitants a great part Friers and such odde idle fellowes which pretend to Religion for want of other meanes to live Cloyster themselves up to a single life onely to avoyd the charge and incumbrances of marriage not to separate themselves from the world or desires of the flesh for among them they maintaine commonly 40000. Curtizans in good custome and so rich that they are able to pay 30000. Duckets yeerely to the Pope The buildings in which they most glory in are the Church of Saint Peter the Castle of Saint Angelo the Vaticane Library and the Popes Palace The truth is there is pride enough to attire the whore of Babylon as there can hardly be any other meant then Rome she sits upon the Beast with seven heads for she was built upon seven Hills Palatinus Capitolinus Viminalis Aventinus Esquilinus Caelius Quirinalis was ruled first by seven Kings and hath beene since subject to seven severall formes of government if you joyn the Popedome to those former which I have now mentioned 20 The Common-wealth of Venice on the North of the Papacis is a large Territory and is now as famous for State-policie as it hath beene heretofore glorious for warlike atchievements The Inhabitants were first a people of lesser Asia and assisted their neighbour Troians in their tenne yeares quarrell with the Greekes So long since they were knowne by the name of Heneti and that differs not much from Veneti as they are now called Though they have a Duke yet it is a free State and governed by an Aristarchie for he is ordered to the very cloaths on his back by a certaine number of the chiefe Citizens of Venice for that is their Gentry and hath his allowance out of their treasury little enough to keepe him from the thought of tyranny about 40000. Duckets by the yeare The Citie it selfe is eight miles round built upon 72. Ilands five miles from the firme land but for convenience of passage is alwaies furnisht with Boats and hath 4000. Bridges Their Arsnall keepes in continuall readinesse 200. Gallies In their Magazin of warre there is ever furniture for 100000. men at Armes The younger brothers of the Gentry may not marry to increase the number beyond maintenance yet to make up their libertie they allow them stewes Her Provinces are 1 Marca Trarigniana and her chiefe Cities are Truisco and Padua the Vniversitie best frequented by Physicians by reason of her rare garden of simples and Verona with many others 2 Frinby 3 Histria 4 Part of Dalmatia 5 The Ilands Candie Corsica Ithaca Zaus Leucadia Cythera c. 21 The Dukedome of Florence betwixt the Appennius Mountaines on the North and the Tyrrhene Sea on the South hath on the West Romagna and Pissco on the East A great part of it was Tuscanie and gives yet to their Prince the title of great Duke of Tuscanie Her chiefe cities are Florence where the most elegant Italian is spoke familiarly and Pisa which the Florentines besieged and conquered by the valor of our English Sr. Iohn Haukwood who raised himselfe by his brave carriage in the wars having beene before but a very poore Taylor in Essex the third is Pistoya where first began the quarrell of the Guelfes and Ghibellines 22 The Dukedome of Millain in Lombardy on the South of Tragniana North of Liguria West of Mantua and East of Piedmont A pleasant and rich Province Her chiefe City Millain of seven miles compasse the seat of Saint Ambrose his Bishoprick 23 The Dukedome of Mantua on the East of Millain is of circuit not much short of Florence and her chiefe Towne is Mantua who may still glory in the birth of that excellent Poet Virgil. It is very strongly situated and fenced on three sides with water a quarter of a mile broad and the rest is guarded by a firme wall And to this Principalitie belongs the Dukedome of Mount-ferrat in the South-east of Piedmont 24 The Dukedome of Vrbin in the middest of the Papall Territories and upon the North side of the Appennius Mountaines Her principall City is Vrbino the birth-place of another Virgil though not of equall fame yet one in whom we have somewhat more interest for he writ an English History being at that time here resident and Collector of the Popes Peter-pence Besides this here are two hundred Castles The rocke of Saint Leo Marivol c. Some other Townes as Cabe Pisanco c. 25 The Principalitie of Parma on the South of Mantua and the North of the Appennius East of Millain and West of Medena Besides other Commodities which she yeelds in equall plenty with other parts of Italy sends a pleasant Cheese into other Countries which we call Parmasans And her chiefe Citie is Parma This Principate carries with it Mirandula and her Territories a place oft heard of by the common mention which is made of learned Picus de Mirandula 26 The State of Genoa is contracted now from that large compasse which heretofore it fetcht in It contained once Liguria and Capua with the Taurica Chersonesus Hetruria a faire company of Ilands in the Greeke Seas Little left at this time upon the maine Land besides Liguria and that lyeth betwixt the Rivers Varus and Marca hath the Alpes on the West which divide her from Provence Hetruria on the East on the North the Appennius Mountaines and on the South the Tyrrhâ—ene Seas She hath her name from the chiefe Citie built by Ianus It is in
often attempted and reckoned with great losse yet at last in the yeare one thousand five hundred twenty one it gave up to Solyman and became a Province to his Empire It stands neere where the Rivers Danubius and Savus are dissevered and is the Towne which the Hungarians report to have been once delivered by the admirable industrie of Ioannes Capistranus a Franciscan who is much honoured for the action by those of his own Society But Ioannes Huniades that great Souldier and terrour to the Turke challengeth the glory as his peculiar Vadianus 2 Samandria and 3 Stâ—nibâ—rg 18 Rascia is on the North of Danubius where it parts with the River Saâ—m and lyeth betwixt Servia and Bulgaria In her chiefe Citie Boden there is kept a Fayre once every yeare and much people resort for enterchange of commodities from most Countries there-about 19 Bulgaria some what Northeast from Rascia and is bounded with Danubius upon the South Theophylact was here Bishop and was called Bulgarius Neere this is the Citie Tomâ—s where Ovid lived in Banishment as himselfe mentioneth in his 3. de Tristibus The principall cities at this present are 1 Sophia the seat of the Beylerbeg of Greece And 2 Nicopolis The ornament of their Kings was Imperiall a crowne of gold attire of silke and red shooes Their title 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a terme allowed by the Greeke Emperours to those onely which might weare this habit the rest they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as much as Reges 20 Bosnia on the West of Servia and South of the River Savus had her name from the Bossi or Bessi the people of Bulgaria within the memory almost of our Fathers it was governed by Kings and as yet retaines the title of the Kingdome of Bosnia The chief Towns are Cuzachium and Iaziga the first is the place of residencie and the second of buriall for the Bosnian Kings Heretofore the Citie Sinderoria had that honour which some suppose to be the same that was once called Dardanum The Description of the Kingdom of Denmark THe Kingdome of Denmarke strikes into the Sea upon the North of Germanie as Italy on the South the manner of both is not much unlike and the glory of this heretofore was not inferiour For how ever in this latter ages the pride of Rome hath pranked up her Territories in gay apparrell yet the day was when both she and they stooped to the Inhabitants of this Countrey though then knowne by another name of Cimbria Chersonesus Three Romane Consuls Manilius Sillanus and Cepio fell by their sword and the Empire it selfe it seems was in a shrewd hazzard when their owne Historian reports that Actum esset de imperio nisi illi saeculo Marius contigisset 2 The people were then and had beene from their beginning the Cimbri a Progenie of Gomer first sonne of Iapheth who before they removed into this quarter of the world dwelt in the inner Asia neer the straight which passeth from the Pontus Euxinus to the Palus Maotis there we yet find the Bosphorus Cimmericus in Ptolemy which took name from the Cimmerii for so they were called at large and by contraction Cimbri 3 From thence they were in time disturbed by the Scythians and forced to seek them a new seat for their habitation which after long travell here they found fittest for their securitie as being a Peninsula fenced almost round with Seas from the force of all forreigne Enemies Yet here too they met at last with a worse danger which they could lesse resist For the maine Ocean brake into a great part of the Countrey displaced many of their Colonies and sent them Petitioners to Rome for a dwelling within her Dominions but their entreatie being with some neglect denied it kindled the sparkes which to this time had laine as it were dead in a dejected Nation and now they brake out into flames which stirred them to require that by force of Armes which they could not request by submissive Oratorie 4 Hence grew their first quarrell with the Romans which they put on with that courage and successe that they were imboldened at last to assault the very Citie with so strong Forces that the glory of it began to shake and had shattered to pieces had not the victoâ—y followed rather the fortune of one Marius then the valour of the whole Roman Legions and that too as some relate it was bought of his heathenish gods at a deare rate by the bloudy sacrifice of his owne Daughter The great and most memorable Encounter was sixe hundred and forty yeares after the Citie was built about an hundred and eleven before Christ. And then indeed they received in a manner a fatall Crush which quelled them for the present yet not so but that in after ages they recovered strength and fame spread their victories over the most part of Europe and left their name for many yeares since that in Italy it selfe 5 For without doubt those Cimmerii mentioned by Strabo which lived on the North side of the Appennine Mountaines neere Boianum were of this stock and of that note as the gave occasion for many Proverbs and Fables to both Greek and Latine Poets It was a people which belike seldome saw Sunne but lurked for the most part under ground lived upon theft and issued forth onely in the night a season most fit for deeds of Darkenesse and so was their whole course which caused our well known Adage of tenebrae Cimmeriae pro denscssimâ caligine Their horrid dennes and dismall Rivers which ranne by the place of their abode bred at length a terror in the silly Heathens and was esteemed by them the passage down to their Elizium So Homer gives it in the second of his Odysses and Virgill in his sixth of the Aeneidos and hâ—re did Naso feign his house of sleep Metamorph. 11. Est propè Cimmerios longo spâ—lunca racessu Mons Carus ignavi domus penitralia Somni 6 Thus was their Originall and progresse for the first age whilest it continued in the possession of the Cimmerians The next which succeeded were the Saxons a people no lesse famous but since their Story hath been else-where remembred in our other Descriptions it must give place here to the third Invader the Danes who whilest the Saxons were imployed with us here in the Conquest of England start out of those pâ—tty Iles in the Sinus Codanus and took up their roome in this Peninsula There they have continued to this day and added other Territories to their Dominions so that the then Cimbria Cbersonesus is but a parcell of the now Kingdome of Denmarke as shall appeare when we come to her division and that onely which in our latter times is called Iuitland and runs Northward in forme almost of a Hounds tongue into the Balticke Ocean 7 The Danes like enough were at first one Nation with the Cimbri but being together expulsed by the Scythians from their native soyle they were severally dispersed
briefly after many turns it became the possession of Ismaell Sophie of Persia whose race continues it to this day 10 The bounds of this Empire on the North are the Caspian Sea and the River Oxus on the South the Sinus Persicus and the Mare Indicum heretofore called Rubrum on the West the Turkish confines as far as the River Tigris and the lake Giocho on the East the River Indus and the Kingdome of Cambaia a spatious land it is and contains from East to West 38. degrees and about 20. from the North to South 11 This varietie of distance in respect of the Heavens must needs cause as much difference in the qualities of her severall Regions In some places there is that fertility which makes her equall to any part of Asia in others againe she is so barren unfruitfull and unprofitable that the land is left waste as being not able to nourish an Inhabitant Oramaritima saith Quadus aestuosa est ac ventosa fructuum inops praeterquam palmarum mediterranea regio Campestris est omnium ferax pecorumque optima nutrix fluminibus et lacubus plena Maxime autem suppeditat Araxes plurimas commoditates It abounds much with metals and stones of great price THE â—â—â—â—DOME OF PERSIA with the cheif Citties and Habites described by Iohn Speede 13 Their Philosophers were called Magi and studied principally the art of foretelling things to come from whence we have our terme of Magicke and usurpe the word onely in the worse sense whereas questionlesse it was no other with them then the Greeks Philosophy Philosophi or Sapientes with the Latines for it is by most thought that such were those good Magi which came from the East to worship Christ and Saint Chrysostome directly names Persia to be that East from whence they were led by the starre 14 They have now put off most of their antique barbabarisme and are become good politicians excellent warriours great schollers especially in Astrologie Physick and Poetrie Those which apply themselves to Mechanick trades are not inferiour to any almost in our quarter they deale most in making of silkes which they send into all the Eastern Countries in great abundance They are mild and courteous to strangers yet jealous of their wives which for the most part are very faire and richly attired notwithstanding their affection to them usque ad insanam Zelotypiam yet are they much addicted to that beastly sinne of the Turks and have their stewes on purpose whither they resort without controule or shame Their Language is elegant and in use in most of those Easterne Countries The Christian Religion was once planted here both by Saint Thomas and Saint Andrew yet are they now fallen to Mahumetisme and differ but as schismaticks from the Turks which occasioneth much hatred and perpetuall warre betwixt them 15 The Regions which belong to the Empire of Persia are 1 Persia. 2 Media 3 Assyria 4 Susiana 5 Mesopotamia 6 Parthia 7 Hyrcania 8 Bactriana 9 Parapomissus 10 Aria 11 Drangiana 12 Gedrosia 13 Carmania and 14 Ormus 16 Persis had her name from Perseus which came hither out of Greece and this gives it to the whole Empire It is now called Farsi or Farsistan and was heretofore Panchaia It lyeth betwixt Media on the North and the Sinus Persicus on her South on her West Susiana and East Carmania Her Metropolis is Sitas once Persepolis and is built toward the midland neere the River Araxes it was surprised by Alexander and many thousand talents of gold sent into Greece with other rich spoiles and trophies of victories which the Persians had before gotten from most parts of the then known world Vpon the Sea-coasts stands Cyrus a City which was built by their first absolute Monarch and called by the Inhabitants Grechata It was the Bishop-seate of the learned Theodoret who lived here about the yeare 450. and in this Region is Laodicea built by Antiochus and Passagarda where Cyrus had his sepulchre 17 2 Media now Servania on the North of Persis and South of the Caspian Sea hath Armenia major and Assyria on her West and on her East Parthia Hyrcania It was before Cyrus the seate of the Empire and mother to a warlike potent Nation Their Kings had many wives seldome fewer then seven and their women thought it a great calamitie to have lesse then five husbands In this stands the territory of Tauris which was called by our ancients Erbathana and doth stand some eight dayes journey from the Hyrcanian Sea it is rich and populous and was the seate of the Sophies till it was removed to Casbin which lyeth somewhat more South Betwixt both stands the City Turcoman and else-where in this Province are many others dispersed of good note especially Suliania Symmachia Nassinun Ardovill Marant and Saucazan c. 18 3 Assyria now Arzeram on the West of Media South of Armenia North of Susiana and East of Mesopotamia it was the seat of Ninus his Kingdome lost by Sardanapalus and here stands the most famous City Ninive neere the River Tigris larger then Babylon containing ful threescore miles in compasse for the communitie which the Babylonians had with them in course of governmeÌ„t they were ofttimes promiscuously used by Historians both had this custome to sell their virgins which were faire and most desired and tender the price into the common treasury The homelier sort were placed in marriage with that money to those which would accept of them for gaine at least if not for beauty They were much addicted to Astrologie and were questionlesse led to it by the opportunitie of their situation which gives them a more perfect view of the heavens and severall course of the Planets then any other part of the world besides 19 4 Susiana now Cucestan seemes to have her name from Cus upon the South of Assyria West of Persis East of Babylonia and North of the Persike bay It is severed by Pliny from Elemais the great by the River Euleus of whose waters onely the Persian Kings were wont to drinke as being more sweet and pure then any other in this Countrey 20 5 Mesopotamia now Diarbecha heretofore Aram or Charam lies betwixt the two Rivers Euphrates and Tigris and hath Armenia major on her North and on her South Arabia deserta it is of large extent and hath much variety of Commodities in her severall quarters but hath suffered great calamities by reason of her continuall wars with the Turk Her chiefe Cities are Charan or Haran where Abraham settled himselfe when he was called forth of Chaldaea and where that gurges avaritiae the Roman Marâ—uâ— Crassus lost his life Not far distant is the Citie Nisibis which was once called Antiochia and Mygdonia to these Maginus addes Merdin and Mosus 21 6 Parthia now Arach on the East of Media on the South of Hyrcania North of Carmania and West of Aria The Inhabitants were valiant and had their course of soveraigntie in the Easterne Monarchy Her chiefe
their measure of times as we from the Germanes in length of miles else we must commit a foule errour to look beyond the Flood for their originall since that time it is not yet above three thousand nine hundred twenty and surely I thinke they were not exempted from the generall deluge no more then from the sinnes of the whole earth 3 But if this conjecture of different account be not approved the solecisme must rest for me upon their owne ignorant vain-glory which in their stories transport them beyond probability upon hope perhaps that no other Nation could controwle them for in those first ages they had little converse unlesse with men more barbarous then themselves such as could not deliver their acts to posteritie and therefore being left wholly to their owne relations good reason they thought they had to doe themselves what honour they might though ignorance of the main truth makes them oft times to trespasse upon Chronologie and forge stories so unlikely that the whole may be justly suspected 4 Their first King they name Vitei and report him to have reigned an hundred yeares his successours went on without breach or conquest to their two hundred fourtie second Prince but were then for a while cut off by the Tartarians This change was foretold to Farfar the last China King of the first race and the Prophecy laid it upon one which should have an hundred eyes and so had Chisanbaan the Invader if you will allow his name to make up the miracle For the very word in their language signifies no other then an hundred eyes A poore cousenage of the Devill but served the turne first to dazle them with a strange Prophecy and then to keepe up his credit in the performance with the simple idolaters After nine Tartarian Princes it was againe recovered to the state in which it now stands by the prowesse of one Gombne their 251. King 5 This briefe account of their beginning and progresse is more then I can warrant for undoubted truth The most part was past ere they were a people knowne to the Europeans for Ptolemy himselfe scarce reached so far toward the East or if it be the same with his Sinarum Regio which yet some doubt yet it seemes he knew little more of it then the bare name we must be content to passe over many ages untoucht and break abruptly into our owne times and stories which doe afford us more certaintie by the relation of later travailors some of our owne Nation 6 It is now a vast Empire which containes in latitude almost fortie degrees from the Tropike of Cancer to the fifty three towards the Pole Artike and thirty in Longitude from the degree one hundred thirty to one hundred sixty the bounds on the West is Indostan India intra Gangem on the East Mare Cin on the North the Empire of the great Chane severed from the Chinoyse by high mountaines continued with a wall of a thousand miles in length built by Tzanitzon their 117. King and on the South the Kingdome or Chan chin chinae part of the other India intra Gangem 17 The ayre here is temperate and the ground fruitfull the mountaines and wilde fields breed incredible numbers of Cattell and the Woods wilde Boares Foxes Hares Conies and other usefull beasts which gives us flesh for our food and skinnes for our cloathing The tilled ground returnes againe plenty of Corne Wheate and Barley their higher Poulse and their lower Rice in great abundance their gardens pleasant set with all sorts of flowers which may delight either the eye or sent no clodde almost of earth there but hath its wealth for what yeelds not fruite is inricht with Mines of Gold and Silver Their chiefe River is Polysango both it and the rest give fish in great abundance and water-fowle enough almost to feed a whole Nation Maginus reports it that tenne or twelve thousand wilde-ducks have beene commonly spent in one day in the Citie Canton besides their owne profit they advantage them much in their course of traffique to convey their Merchandize into severall parts of the Empire to meete with their chapmen from all quarters Their principall Commodities are Silkes and Sugars yet besides these they send forth Wooll Cotton Olives Metals Rheubarbe Honey Purslaine dishes Camphire Ginger Pepper c. Muske Salt great store whose Custome in onely one Towne of Canton amounts to the yearely value of 18000. Crownes To this happinesse of soyle may be added the thrift and great industrie of the Inhabitants who hold it a foule disgrace to be accounted idle and therefore make the most of what they have so that without doubt as they are infinitely populous so they are proportionably rich beyond any other Nation of the world 8 The Chinoyse is described with a broad face of a duskie colour crooked nose small and black eyes and very thinne beard but long haire on the head if any be deformed for so they take it with a better feature they are as like to breake a jeast upon his handsome comely visage as a scoffer would upon their ill fashioned countenance The better sort are cloathed in long silke garments the ordinary people in linen for they have not yet the art well to weave wollen Their women deck their heads with gold and precious jewels seldome shew themselves abroad without great attendance of servants the KINGDOME OF CHINA newly augmented by I.S. 1626 10 Their fashions in private houses are not much unlike to those of Europe at boord they sit in chaires and upon formes not loll on the floore as most of the Asiaticks doe they touch not their meate with the hand but use the Silver-forke or else some stick of Ivory or Ebonie not much unlike it they eate thrice in one day but sparingly enough when they travaile over the Plaines they use a kinde of Coach yet not drawne with horses or other beast but driven by the winde under sayle as a Barke on the Sea which the people are as perfect to guide which way they please as the Mariner is to direct his course unto any coast whither he is bound as they sayle upon land as if it were sea so they dwell as frequent upon the sea as if it were land for they have an incredible number of ships and boates which are in many places ranked like streets upon the waters and filled with Inhabitants such as are here borne live traffique marry and die Mr. Purchas reports that upon one River from Nanquin to Paquin they are thus ordered for 300. leagues No marvaile then if their number exceed any part proportionably of the whole earth since their land is not sufficient but is forced to borrow roome out of the Sea for their habitation yet are they all governed by one Monarch whom they call the Lord of the world and sonne to the Sunne For they are a proud Nation and admit not equall comparison with any other earthlings but cast it as a Proverbe
into their teeth that they have but one eye to see with in respect of the Chinoys who alone as themselves boast see with two the truth is in matters of state they are very politique in peace wary and in warre valiant craftie and excellent engineers 11 Their lawes are for the most part just and severely executed especially against idle droanes which set not a hand to advance their state or maintaine themselves They will not cherish the very blinde by almes since without eyes a man may be fit for some corporall imployment but to the maimed and lame they denie not a charitable maintenance The sonne is bound to exercise his parents occupation so that no pretence almost is left for wanderers and briefly as farre as humane laws can provide all other vaine occasions for misexpence of time are taken off for within the Cities no stews are allowed or lewd persons to withdraw them adultery is punished with death but yet they have liberty to take many wives one they keep at home the rest are disposed of abroad where they best please Their Marriages they chiefly solemnize at the new Moone and for the most part in March which beginnes their yeare 12 For their Religion they are Gentiles but have a confused knowledge of God heaven and the creation which they ascribe to one Trine who first say they made Pauson and Pauzona and their posteritie continued for 90000. yeares but were then for their wickednesse destroyed and a new race was created The first of their second world was one Lutitzam who had two hornes from the right came men as they fondly imagine and from the left women when they would decipher their great god they expresse him by the first letter of their Alphabet and in their devotions they worship him as their chiefe but not onely preserver for they have their prayers to the Sunne Moone Starres and to the Devill himselfe that he would not hurt them Their Priests are distinguisht into the blacke and white Friers as we call them for they much resemble Friers in their course of life some are clothed in white their heads shorn and their victualls in common others in black long haire and live apart neither are married but both take their libertie to live obscenely as the debauchest swaggerers 13 The Empire is divided into 15. Provinces 1 Canton 2 Feguien 3 Olam 4 Sisnam 5 Tolench 6 Causaie 7 Minchien 8 Ochian 9 Honan 10 Pagina 11 Zaiton 12 Quinchien 13 Cheguean 14 Susnam 15 Quinsay All of large extent and containe in them many towns and cities in number more in compasse bigger and in wealth more eminent then the best of ours 14 1 In the Province of Canton are 190. Towns 37. Cities 2 In Feguien 99. Townes and 33. Cities 3 In Olam 130. Towns and 90. Cities 4 In Sisnam 150. Townes and 44. Cities 5 In Tolench 235. Townes and 51. Cities and this is governed immediately by the Emperour himselfe without any substitute as all the other Provinces have excepâ— Pagina 6 Cansaie hath 122. Townes 24. Cities 7 Minchien 29. Townes 25. Cities 8 Ochiam 74. Townes 19. Cities 9 Honan 102. Townes and 20. Cities 10 Pagina 150. Townes and 47. Cities 15 The chiefe of this is Paquin where he hath his continuall residence and scarce at any time leaves the Citie unlesse upon occasion of warre for it is seated neer to the Tartars who oft times make assaults upon the Chinoyse and force the King to gather his strengh into that quarter and he himselfe present to withstand their entry lest if they should once get footing into any part of his Countrey they might incroach farther and inable themselves by his spoyles to follow their blow upon his other Provinces His palace here is compassed with a triple wall carries the bulke and face of a faire Towne for indeed his retinue are no fewer then might well people a large Citie among the rest he hath 16000. Eunuches daily attending such as their owne parents have emasculated in their infancie to make them capable of this Court-preferment The seat Imperiall was heretofore at Nanquin where still remaines a golden testimony of her past glory It is a faire Citie thirtie miles in compasse seated nine leagues from the Sea upon a faire and navigable River where there rides commonly at least 10000. of the Kings ships beside Merchants It hath three brick walles the streets are sixe miles in length of a proportionable bredth and trimly paved 16 11 Zaiton hath 78. Townes and 27. Cities the chiefe is Zaiton which hath a fair harbour and is seldome without 500. ships 12 Quinchien hath 113. Townes and 45. Cities 13 Cheguean 95. Townes and 39. Cities 14 Susnam 105. Townes and 41. Cities 15 And lastly Quinsay 114. Townes 38 Cities 17 The Metropolis is Quinsay or Suntien the largest Citie of the world for it contains 100. miles in compasse it is seated in a low and fenny ground is subject to Floods and hath beene forced in very many places to erect bridges for free passage from one street to another there are in aâ—l 12000. built of stone and most of them so high that a good ship may strike under them with full sayle each of them hath its tenne watchmen for a night-guard The Inhabitants of this City live luxuriously especially their women who are much more comely then their men yet all of them almost eat both horse and dogs flesh Toward the South part of the Citie there is a great lake about 24. miles in circuit in the midst stand two Ilands whither the chiefe Nobilitie repaire and invite their friends to solemnize their marriage and have in each a stately palace erected furnished sufficiently with all fitting ornaments for a wedding jollitie In many parts of the Citie there are publique places of receit for such as sustaine any misfortune by fire there they may lodge their goods safe upon a sudden casualtie till they can make better provision 18 It were vaine to give a more particular description of the many Cities which make up the severall numbers in each Province they stand so thick and are so populous that they all seeme to be as one one as well for their continued building almost as their fashion of building for they all observe the same forme and dispose their streets alike two broad crossing each other in the middle in so straight a line that the eye may reach clean from one end to the other 19 We may conclude that both the revenues of the whole Empire and number of Inhabitants are not easily to be reckoned yet this in briefe he hath subject under him 70. crowned Kings gathers up yearely 120. millions of Crownes stirres not into the field without 300000. foote and 200000. horse To this empire did once belong most of the Ilands in the Easterne Seas but it seemes the Chinoyse in time found that their defence was a businesse of more charge then their worth countervailed and therefore
for the Tartarian Emperours Toward the East Seas and neer the Promontory of Tabin are the Regions of Arzaret which some thinke to be the very place first possest by the remnant of the ten captive Tribes and Annian and Argon and Tenduch and Mongal and many other whose people live after the antique manner in tents moveable some few Cities they have poorely built and as rudely customed Among other incivilities they have this fashion to prostitute their wives and sisters to such guests as they would entertaine most friendly and when it was once forbad by their great Cham they recovered it againe with much suite and solemne protestation that they had not thrived since it was laid aside The ground brings forth good store of especiall good Rhubarbe 15 Zagathai the same with Scythia intra Imaum and is bounded upon the West with the mare Caspium upon the East with the desert as farre as Lop upon the North with the River Iaxartus and upon the South with the Mount Caucasus It hath the name from their Prince brother to their great Cham and containes in it these severall Provinces 1 Zagatai where Tamberlane was borne and first bare rule in the Citie Sarmachand a place enricht by his victories and memorable for the death of Clytus slaine by Alexander in his drunken fury The seate of the Governour is in Bochara another Towne of the best note here 2 Bactria now Cocazzan the Inhabitants were led by Bessus which slew Darius and the first King was Zoroastes in the time of Ninus the Assyrian and twice tried the fortune of warre with him but was at last vanquished and his Kingdome made a Province to the Monarchie In severall ages it hath beene tossed into the hands of divers States among the rest the Romanes had it once in their possession at which time the Inhabitāts received knowledge of the truth from the mouth of Saint Thomas but have lost it since by the tyranny of the Saracens and Tartars 3 Sogdiana on the North of Bactria where Gropolis stood built for a Fort against the Scythians and standing to the time of Alexander who battered it to the ground 4 Margiana and 5 Turchestan East of the Mare Caspium and was the seat of the Turks before they brake into Armenia 16 Cathaie the same with Scythia extra Imaum and is the Empire of the great Cham of the Tartars and true progenie of Chinchis It is compassed almost with mountaines and deserts and is divided from China onely by a great wall on the South The soyle is exceeding fertile and the people farre more civill then in the other parts of Tartaria Her Provinces are 1 Cathaie which is supposed to be the antique seate of the Seres and is therefore called Regio Serica For it sends forth excellent Silkes Stuffes and Chamlets and other rare Commodities which equalize her at least in her owne esteeme to the best parts of Europe Her Metropolis is Cambelu twenty-eight miles in compasse besides the suburbs built foure-square by the River Polysangus and enricht from India China and other Regions with all sorts of Merchandise Here their great Cham lives but is buried at the Mount Altay and is conveyed thither by a strong guard which kils all they meet in the way and commands them to serve their Lord in the other world Maginus reports from Marcus Polus that while he was in Cathaie tenne thousand persons lost their lives upon one such occasion 2 Tangut which they say had the Art of Printing many hundred yeares before it was knowne among us 3 Camul 4 Tanifu 5 Tebet not much differing either from themselves or the other parts of Tartaria which belong to the Kingdome of Cathaie The Description of the Sommer Ilands once called the BERMUDAS AS it hath pleased God of his especiall grace and mercy to deliver this Nation from that sinke of errours and superstitious practises wherewith the face of Christendome was overspread and hath caused the truth of Piety and Religion to shine amongst us through the effectuall Ministry of his Word In so much that there is no Nation in the world to whom the grace of God hath in these latter times more abounded nor where true Religion hath beene so generally imbraced and maintained as in this Kingdome So hath he likewise delivered us from many eminent dangers and evill practises at home and abroad hath blessed us with much peace and prosperitie and moreover hath honoured us with such notable favours that the fame of the worthy exploits and noble attempts of this Nation by Sea and by Land hath resounded to the glory of his Name even to the farthest parts of the earth And I beseech God in the Name of him in whom alone he is well-pleased still to continue this his goodnesse towards us although in these times we have just cause to feare the contrary Amongst these latter sort of Benefits which God hath vouchsafed to this Nation I meane that magnanimitie and courage and his divine assistance in the prosecution of so many notable actions may worthily in my judgement though sleighted at by some be reckoned that noble enterprise of planting VIRGINIA with Christian Religion and English people And as he hath manifested his succour and providence many waies beyond expectation for the advancement of this worke so not a little in the discovery of the Sommer Ilands for to omit other reasons these are as it were the Key opening a passage and making the way more safe to many parts of this new World and especially to Virginia so that if they had been discovered and inhabited by any such as would oppose the planting of Virginia It had proved a matter so difficult and dangerous that in all likelihood it had been relinquished ere this time of these I have exhibited this description with the relation following These Ilands formerly called the Bermudas now the Sommer Ilands shunned by Travellers as most dangerous and seldome seene by any except against their wills reputed to be rather a hold and habitation of Devils then any fit place for men to abide in were discovered in the yeare 1609. in manner following There was at that time eight Ships send by the Adventurers to Virginia amongst which one of the best and strongest was called the Sea-venture in burden neere 300. tunne In this were their chiefe Commanders Sir Thomas Gates Sir George Sommers and with them about 150. persons And upon the 25. of Iuly the same yeare being at Sea this Ship called the Sea-venture was by a fierce and terrible storme separated from the rest of the Fleet and withall so shaken and torne by violence of the weather that she sprung a leake whereat the water came in so fast that in short time it was seven or eight foot deepe within the hold Whereupon for safetie of their shippe and lives they fell to pumping and bayling out the water with buckets and continued their labour for three dayes and as many nights without intermission
the Lord Cromwell Say and Mountjoy the slaughter in all amounted to 10000. saith Hall 1471. Edw. 4.11 60 At Towkefoury King Ed. 4. obtained the diadem in subduing H. 6. under the leading of Prince E. who was there slaine and Q Margaret taken prisoner there died likewise Tho. Courtney E. of Devonshire Ioh. Sommerset Marq. Dorset and the Lord Wenlake of Knights Hamden Whitting Vans Harvy Deluys Filding Leukenor Lirmouth Vrman Seamer Roos and Henry Edm. D. of Sommerset was there taken and beheaded with Iohn Bough Lord Prior of S. Iohns May 4. 1471. E. 4.11 61 Bosworth-field fought upon Redmore Aug. 22 1458. and 3. of Ric. 3. where himselfe was slain with Iohn D. of Norfolke Wa. L. Ferres Richard Ratcliffe and Rob. Brakenbury Knights and 4000. more of his company on the Earle of Richmonds part only 10. persons the chiefe where of was Wil. Brandon Knight his Standard-bearer Earle Henry was there crowned in the field and the union of Lancaster with Yorke effected whose civill dissentions had cost more English bloud then twice had done the winning of France 62 Stoke-field Iun. 16. 1487. was fought to arrest Lambert a counterfeit Warwick against King Henry 7. where 4000. with the naked Irish were slain and with them died De la Pole Earle of Lincolne Francis L. Lovel Tho. Gerardine Chancellour of Ireland Martin Swart and Sir Tho. Broughton Knights generall against the King Lambert was there taken and made a turn-spit Hen. 7.2 63 At Cockeledge â—â—r Yorke the Commons rose and slew Henry Earle of Northumberland for a tax collected by him granted in Parliament their Captain named Iohn a Cumber was hanged at Yorke 1489. H. 7.4 64 Excest besieged by Perkin Werbeck a counterfeit naming himselfe Ric. Duke of York before murdered in the Tower of London after he had in dammaged the North and Northâ—â—berl was from this City expulsed to Bewdley Sanctuary and lastly executed as Tiburn 1497. reg H. 7.13 65 This same City was again besieged by the rebels of Devon-shire aâ—d Cornwall the 3. of E. 6. under the leading of Hum. Arundel Holmes Winslow and Bury but was rescued by Iohn L. Russel with the Lord Grey and 4000. of them slain 1549. 66 On Black-heath again was fought a sore battell by Thomas Flaâ—â—ock gent. Michael Ioseph Blackesmith and Iam. Twichet L. Andley with the Cornish rebels where 2000. of them were slaine by Giles L. Daubeney generall for the King and 1500. taken prisoners Iune 22. 1497. H. 7. 67 Flodden-field the 9. of September and 5. of King Henry 8. was fought against the Scots by L. Tho. Howard Earl of Surrey lieutenant generall for the King where Iames 4. King of Scots with 3. Bishops 2. Lord Abbots 12. Earles 17. Lords and 8000. souldiers were slaine and the dead body of K. Iames wrapped in Loâ—dâ— was brought to shine in Surrey and there cast into a corner not long since remaining and seen 68 At Solommosse 15000. Scots under the leading of the L. Maxwell by Thou bastard Dacres and Iack Musgrave were valiantly vanquished and 21. of their Nobilitie whereof eight were Earles brought as prisoners to London and 200. mere of great account besides 800. common souldiers slaine and taken for very griefe whereof K. Iames fell sick and shortly after died 1542. H. 8.32 69 Muscleborrow-field fought September 10. 1546 by Edward D. of Sommerset L. Protector and Iohn Dudley Earle of Warw. against the Scots where 14000. were slaine 1500. taken prisoners onely 60. English then slaine E. 6.1 70 At Norwich in a commotion led by Rob. Ket Tanner of Wind 〈◊〉 Wil. Lord Marquesse of Northampton was put to flight and the Lord Sheffield slain the Citie fired and many outrages done 1549. E. 6.3 71 At Mount Surrey the Rebels with their leader Rob. Ket were by Iohn Dunley E. of Warwick overcome and forced to yeeld 5000. of them being slain and Ket taken and hanged on the Castle of Norwich or as some have upon the Oke of reformation Aug. 27. 1549. E. 6.3 72 Sir Tho. Wist with his company of Kentishmen driven to march from Southworke to Kingstone and thence to S. Iames yeelded himselfe at Temple-bar with the losse onely of 40. persons on both parts Feb. 7. 1554. Mary 1. 73 At Tadcaster Thomas Piercie Earle of Northumberland and Charles Nevil E. of Westmerland in thier commotions tooke 200. footmen repairing toward York for the defence of the City against those rebels 1596. Eliz. 12. 74 Durhaâ—â— taken by the rebels of the North under the leading of Piercy and Nevil Earles which had gathered 7000. and surprised Barnards Castle were by the Earle of Sussex Lieutenant generall for the Queens forced into Scotland and many of their Associates worthily put to death 1569. And lastly which God grant may be the last Thomas late Earle of Northumberland was beheaded in Yorke Aug. 20. 1572. Eliz. 14. THE BRITISH ILANDS PROPOSED IN ONE VIEVV IN THE ENGLISH MAP WITH A GENERALL DESCRIPTION OF GREAT BRITAINE UNDER THE ROMANES CHAPTER 1. THE State of every Kingdome well managed by prudent Government seemes to me to represent a humane Body guided by the soveraignty of the reasonable Soule the Countrey and Land it selfe representing the one the Actions and State affaires the other Sith therefore the excellencies of the whole are but unperfectly laid open where either of these parts is defective our intendment is to take a view as well of the outward body and Lineaments of the now-flourishing British Monarchy the Ilands Kingdomes and Provinces thereof in actuall possession for with others no lesse justly claimed in the Continent we meddle not which shall be the content of our first or Chorographicall Tome containing the foure first Bookes of this our Theater as also of its successive government and vitall actions of State which shall be our second or Historicall Tome containing the five last Bookes And here first we will by example of the best Anatomists propose to the view the whole body Monarchy intire as farre as conveniently we could comprise it and after will dissect and lay open the particular Members Veines and Ioynts I meane the Shires Rivers Cities and Townes with such things as shall occure most worthy our regard and most behovefull for our use 2 The Iland of Great Britaine which with her adjoyning Iles is here first presented containeth the Kingdomes of England and Scotland and is of many accounted the greatest Island in the World though Iustus Lipsius gives that praise to Cuba in America as the Orientall Navigators do unto Sumatra taken for Ptolomees Taprobana or to Madagascar the Island of S. Laurence both which are neere unto or under the Equinoctiall Line In which we will not contend as pleasing our selves with her other praises greater then her Greatnes yet with this honour also that is was without question the greatest Island of the Romane World and for any thing yet certainly knowne of all the rest Concerning whose
City famous before that time by the conversion of these Saxons unto Christianity and in building a most magnificent Church to Gods service wherein eight of their Kings have been interred but all their Monuments since overshadowed by the height of Beckets Tombe that for glory wealth and superstitious worships equalized the Pyramides of Egypt or the Oracles of Delphos yet now with Dagon is fallen before the Arke of God This City hath been honoured with the presence and Coronations of King Iohn and Queen Isabel his wife with the mariages of King Henry third and of King Edward the first and with the interments of Edward the Black Prince King Henry the fourth and of Queen Ioan his wife as Feversham is with the burials of King Stephen and of Maud his Queen and wife But as in glory so in adversity hath this City born a part being divers times afflicted by the Danes but most especially in the dayes of King Ethelred who in that revenge of their massacre made havock of all and herein slew forty three thousand and two hundred persons the tenth besides reserved to live Afterward it recovered breath and beauty by the liberality of Bishop Langford Charters and Priviledges by King Henry the third strength in trench and Fortifications from King Richard the second and lastly wals for her defence by Simon Sudbury Archbishop of that See whose Graduation is placed for Latitude 51.25 and parallelized for Longitude 22.8 her sister Rochester differing not much in either degree 9 Which City as Beda saith was built by one Rof Lord of the same though some ascribe the foundation of the Castle to Iulius Caesar and hath been often ruinated by the injuries of warre both in the times when the Saxons strove for superiority among themselves wherein this City was laid waste Anno 680. as also in the assaults of their common â—nemy the Danes who about the yeare 884. from France sailed up the River Medway and besieged the same so that had not King Elfred speedily come to the rescue it had been overthrown by those Pagans And again in Anno 999. the Danes miserably spoiled this City in the time of King Ethelred neither hath it stood safe from danger since though not defaced so much by war for twice hath it been sore endamaged by chance of fire the first was in the reigne of King Henry the first An. 1130. himself being present with most of his Nobility for the consecration of the Cathedrall Church of S. Andrew And again almost wholly consumed about the latter end of the Reign of King Henry the second Anno 1177. Yet after all these calamities it recovered some strength again by the bounty of King Henry the third both in buildings and in ditching her about for defence 10 Civill broyles and dissentions hath this Countie been burdened with and that not only under the Saxons and Danes whose desolations were many and grievous but also by other rebellions since the Normans Conquest both in those infamous insurrections called The Barons Warres in the reigne of King Henry the third wherein much harme was done as also under King Richard the second when Wat Tilar Captaine of a dreadfull commotion assembled at Black-heath Mile-end and in London doing many outrages where in Smithfield he was lastly struck down by William Walworth then Major of the City and worthily slaine for his notorious treasons Again upon Black-heath Michael Ioseph the Lord Dawbeny with their Cornish Rebels were overthrowne by King Henry the seventh Anno 1497. 11 Kent in the time of Iulius Caesar was governed by four severall Kings Vnder Vortigern the Britain by a Lieutenant called Guorong from whom the said King gave it to Hengist the Saxon in favour of his Daughter Rowen who seeking to make himself absolute King thereof eight yeares after his first entrance fought a victorious Battell against the Britaines neere unto Crayford and thence-forth accounted that Province his owne Yet afterward Vortimer the valiant Britaine gave him battell at Aylesford in the which both Horsa and Catigern brethren to both the Generals were slaine and the Saxons driven into the Isle of Thanet their first assigned habitation not daring to enter the Continent so long as Vortimer lived Catigern was interred upon the Plaine where to this day remaineth his Monument being foure stones pitched in manner of the Stonehenge and is vulgarly called Citscotehouse The like Monument was of Horsa at Horsted which storms and time have now devoured Hengist made this Province a Kingdom for himselfe and successors which name and power it retained the space of three hundred and twenty years when Egbert King of the West-Saxons subdued and joyned it to his own in which subjection it stood untill the time of the Normans Then was it given under the title of an Earledome by the Conqueror unto Otho Bishop of Bayeux his halfe-brother whose successours in that dignity were those most honourable Families whose Armes and Names within this Plot are blazed and expressed It is divided principally into five Lathes subdivided into 66. Hundreds and them againe into 398. Parishes â— and wherein had been seated three and twenty Religious Houses KENT WITH HER CITIES AND EARLES Described and observed LATHES DIVIded into Hundreds and Hundreds into Parishes Sutten Black-heath 7. Sutten Broâ—eley 2. Sutten Lesnes 4. Sutten Axtane 16. Sutten Rookesley 15. Sutten Godsheath 8. Sutten Westerham 4. Sutten Somerden 6. Aylesford Hoo 5. Aylesford Shamele 11. Aylesford Toltingtroe 6. Aylesford Chetham 3. Aylesford Wortham 4. Aylesford Larkfield 15. Aylesford Littlefield 3. Aylesford Twiford 6. Aylesford Tunbridge 2. Aylesford Watchlingston 5. Aylesford West Barnefield Aylesford Brenchley 3. Aylesford Marden 2. Aylesford Eyhorne 13. Aylesford Maldstone 7. Seray Milton 23. Seray Tenham 4. Seray Feversham 17. Seray Boâ—â—on 4. Seray Felboro 5. Seray Chart 9. Seray Wye 5. Seray Byircholt 1. Seray Galehill 8. Seray Ashford Seray Blackborne 5. Seray Tenderden 1. Seray Barkley 1. Seray Cranbrooke 3. Seray Rolvenden 2. Seray Selbrightenden 1. Seray East Barnfield 1. Seray Newyadene S. Augustine Ringsloe 4. S. Augustine Blengate 7. S. Augustine Whirestable 3. S. Augustine Westgate 4. S. Augustine Downchamford 6. S. Augustine Preston 2. S. Augustine Bredge 7 S. Augustine Kinghamford 5. S. Augustine Seasalter S. Augustine Wingham 5. S. Augustine Eastâ—y 11. S. Augustine Corâ—iloe 8. S. Augustine Bewesbrough 13. S. Augustine Longport Shepwey Folkestane 8. Shepwey Lovingboroe 4. Shepwey Stowting 5. Shepwey Heane 2. Shepwey Pyrcholt stan 2. Shepwey Streats 3. Shepwey Worth 2. Shepwey Ilam 3. Shepwey Langport 1. Shepwey S. Martin Shepwey Newchurch 4. Shepwey Alowsbridge 6. Shepwey Oxney 3. A ACryse Shep. Acton Sera Addesham Aug. Addington Ayles Akkam Shep. S. Albans August Aldington Ayles Aldington Shep. Aldwecke Shep. Alhallowes Ayles Alkham Shep. 〈◊〉 Ayles 〈◊〉 Coltham Ayles Allington Shep. All Saints August APPLEDORE Sera Asâ—â—ey August 〈…〉 ASHEFORD Seray Ashâ—ey August Ashâ—â—â— Ayles Aylesford Ayles Aynsford Sutten
Tablehurst peuen. Tangmer chich Teâ—â—combe lewes Teâ—ring peuen. TERRING bram 〈◊〉 lewes Tâ—â—â—ngton arund Tâ—â—hurst hast Thakam bramb Themens arund Thorney Iâ—e chich Thorney chich Tortington arund Torton arund Tottington bramb Tottington arund Tratton chich Trâ—fort chich Truly bramb Turwick chich Tustons hast Twinâ—ham lewes Tyes lewes V Vâ—â—feild peuen. Vdymâ—re hast Vertwood peuen. Vpwaltham arund W Wadâ—hurst peuen. Wakehurst lewes Walberton arund Walderne peuen. Walderton chiâ—h Walchech peuen. Waltham chich Wamingore lewes Wapinghâ—r â—ramb Wapsburne lewes Waâ—bleton hast Warminghurst brâ— Warmingcampe arâ— Warnham bram Wartling hast Wasshinton bramb Water downe Forrest peu Waynway channell hast Weeke arund Wellingham Peu Wepham arund Westborne chich Westergate chich Westerton chich Westfeild hast Westgate chich Westham peuen. Westmiston lewes Westwolves bramb Whildeâ— lewes Whiteden peuen. Wickham bramb Wiggenhoult arund Wigsill hast Willington peuen. Willington peuen. Winchelsey old hast WINCHELSEY H. Windeham bramb Winton peuen. Wiston bramb Wittering West chich Wittering East chich Wivelsfeild lewes Wodmancote bram Wogham lewes Wolbeding chich Wollavington arun Worsham hast Worth Forrest lewes Worth lewes Worting bramb Wotton peuen. Wotton lewes Wulbow lewes Wyke chich Wylie peuen. Wythyham peuen. SVRREY CHAPTER VI. SURREY by Beda called Suthry and by the Saxons written Suðrea lyeth separated upon the North from the Counties of Buckingham and Middlesex by the great River Thamesis upon the East Kent doth inbound it upon the South is held in with Sussex and Hampshire and her West part is bordered upon by Hampshire and Bark-shire 2 The forme thereof is somewhat square and lyeth by North and by East whereof Redrith and Frensham are the opposites betwixt whom are extended thirty foure miles The broadest part is from Awfold Southward to Thamesis by Staines and them asunder twenty two the whole in circumference is one hundred and twelve miles 3 The Heavens breathing ayre in this Shire is most sweet and delectable so that for the same cause many royall Palaces of our Princes are therein seated and the Countrey better stored with game then with graine in so much that this County is by some men compared unto a home-spunne freeze cloth with a costly faire lift for that the out-verge doth exceed the middle it selfe And yet is it wealthy enough both in Corne and Pasturage especially in Holmesdale and towards the River of Thamisis 4 In this Shire the Regni an ancient people mentioned by Ptolemie were seated whom he brancheth further thorow Sussex and some part of Hampshire And in the wane of the Romanes government when the Land was left to the will of Invaders the South-Saxons under Ella here erected their Kingdome which with the first was raised and soonest found end From them no doubt the Countie was named Suth-rey as seated upon the South of the River and now by contraction is called Surrey 5 And albeit the County is barren of Cities or Townes of great estate yet is she stored with many Princely houses yea five of his Majesties so magnificently built that of some she may well say no Shire hath none such as is None-such indeed And were not Richmond a fatall place of Englands best Princes it might in esteem be ranked with the richest for therein died the great Conqueror of France King Edward the third the beautifull Anne daughter to Charles the Fourth Emperour and intirely beloved wife to King Richard the Second the most wise Prince King Henry the Seventh and the rarest of her Sexe the mirrour of Princes Queene Elizabeth the worlds love and Subjects joy 6 At Merton likewise Kenulph King of the West-Saxons came to his untimely end and at Lambeth the hardie Canute and last of the Danish Kings died among his Cups But as these places were fatall for the last breath of these Princes so other in this County have beene graced with the body and beginning of other worthy Monarkes for in Chertsey Abbey King Henry the Sixth who was deposed and made away in the Tower of London was first interred without all funerall pompe but for his holy life was imputed a Saint and lastly translated and intombed at Windsor At Kingstone likewise stood the Chaire of Majestie wherein Athelstan Edwin and Ethelred sate at their Coronation and first received their Scepter of Imperiall power Guildford likewise hath been farre greater then now it is when the Palace of our English Saxon Kings was therein set And seeing it is the midst of the Shire the graduation from hence shall be observed where for Latitude the Pole is raised from the degree 51.22 scruples and her Longitude from the West in the degree 20. and 2. scruples 7 Neither can we account Okam and Ripley two small villages the least in this Shire which have brought forth the well-known men William de Okam that deepe Philosopher and admirable Scholar and George de Ripley the ring-leader of our Alchymists and mysticall Impostors both of them borne in this County and very neere together But why speak I of these sith a place neerer to sight and greater for fame even Lambeth is the high Seat of Ecclesiasticall Government Piety Learning and Palace of Canterburies Archbishops the Metropolitans of England First erected by Arch-bishop Baldwin and ever since hath been the residing of al those worthy Prelates of our Church who in a long succession even from An. 596. have continued to him that now most worthily sits at the Churches sterne George by Gods providence Lord Arch-bishop of that See a most faithfull and prudent Counsellor unto King Charles and a most learned and provident Guide of our most flourishing Church whose gracious favour undeservedly conferred upon me hath been a great encouragement to these my poore endevours 8 Memorable places for Battles fought before the Conquest were Wembledon where when the fulnesse of prosperitie burst forth into Civill Dissentions among the Saxons a bloudy Battle was fought betwixt Cheaulin the West-Saxon and young Ethelbert of Kent wherein he was discomfited and two of his principall Leaders slaine about the yeere of Christ 560. and three hundred thirtie three yeers after King Elfred with a small power overcame the Danes with a great slaughter at Farnham in this Countie which somewhat quelled the courage of his savage enemie 9 Religious houses erected in this Shire by the devotion of Princes and set apart from publike uses to Gods Divine Service and their owne Salvation as then was taught the best in account were Shene Chertsey Merton Newarke Rygate Waverley Horsleg and in Southwarke Bermundsey and S. Maries These all flourished with increase till the ripenesse of their fruit was so pleasing in sight and taste unto King Henry the Eighth that in beating the boughes he brake downe body and all ruinating those houses and seising their rich possessions into his own hands So jealous is God of his honour and so great vengeance followeth the sinne of Idolatrie 10 In this Shire
georg Sutton Vpwim. Sutton waldron red Sutton Cul. Sutton points pud Swier Vg. Sydlin Saint Nicholas Tot. and Mod. Sylton Red. T Tarrant keniston Pimp Tarrant muncton Vpwim. Tarrant launston pimp Tarrant hinton pimp Thornford sher Thornhull Bad. Thornhill brown Throupe pud Tinham east hasler Tinham west hasler Tinkleton pud Todber Newton Tollerdwelve Red. Toller fratrum Toll Toller Percorum Toll Tolpuddell pud Tompson Comb. Turnewood pimp Turnerspuddell Barrow Turnworth Cramb. Twiâ—ord Vpwim. V Vanchurch Tol. Vernenâ—nster Cramb. Upsidling Yeat Upway Vgscomb Upwimbon Vpwim. W Waby house Pud Wadden frier Vgscomb Waldishe goder Walterston pud Walton georg Wambroke Whit. WARHAM Winf. Warmwell Winf. WAYMOUTH Vgs. Weeke Kings pud Welland Whit. Wenford Whit. Westbury Sher. Westhall Sher. Weston brown Westworth Rush. Whatcomb Coomb Whitchurch pimp Whitchurch Coomb Whitchurch tithing Whit. Whitcâ—iâ—â—e Rowbar Withart vale or â—lakemore Sherb Whitlovington Barrow Wichampton Cramb. Widdâ—n Fryer Vgscomb Wilton Eggarâ—on WIMLORN MINSTER Bad. Wimborne S. Cyles Knowl Wimborn Alhallows Knowl Winfrith Winf. Winford Eagle Tollerf Winterborn Rush. Winterborn Pimp Winterborn Eggar Winterborn Kingston Beer Wirtwood Bad. Woodcotes Cramb. Woodland Knowl Woodford Winf. Wooâ—e Rush. Woolcomb Yeat Worgret Barrow Worthe Rowbar Worthe Rowbar Wotton fitzpaine Whit. Wotton Sher. Wotton Glanfeild Buk Wraxhall Eggar Y Yetminster Yeat DEVON-SHIRE by the Cornish Britaines called Devinan by the English-Saxons Deven-schyre and by contraction of the vulgar Den-shire is not derived from the Danes as some would have it but from the people Danmonii the same we have spoken of in Cornwall and whom Ptolemie hath seated in these Westerne Borders 2 The West of this County is bounded altogether by the River Tamar the East is held in with the verge of Sommerset-shire and the North South sides are washed wholy with the British and Severne Seas Betwixt whose shores from Cunshere in the North unto Salcombe Haven entering in at the South are fifty-five miles and from the Hartland Point West to Thorncombe East are fiftie-foure the whole circumference about two hundred and two miles 3 The Ayre is sharpe healthfull and good the Soile is hilly wooddy and fruitfull yet so as the hand of the Manurer must never be idle nor the purse of the Farmer never fast shut especially of them that are farre from the Sea whence they fetch a sand with charge and much travell which being â—spread upon the face of the earth bettereth the leannesse thereof for graine and giveth life to the Glebe with great efficacie 4 As Cornwall so this hath the same commodities that arise from the Seas and being more inlanded hath more commodious Havens for Shippings entercourse among whom Totnes is famous for Brutes first entrance â—if Geffrey say true or if Havillan the Poet took not a Poeticall liberty when speaking of Brute he wrote thus The gods did guide his sail and course the winds were at command And Totnes was the happy shoare where first he came on land But with more credit and lamentable event the Danes at Teigue-mouth first entered for the invasion of this Land about the yeare of Christ 787. unto whom Brightrik K. of the West-Saxons sent the Steward of his house to know their intents whom resistantly they slew yet were they forced back to their Ships by the Inhabitants though long they stayed not but eagerly pursued their begun enterprises With more happy successe hath Plimouth set forth the purchasers of fame and stopped the entrance of Englands Invaders as in the raigne of that eternized Queene the mirrour of Princes Elizabeth of everlasting memory for from this Port Sir Francis Drake that potent man at Sea setting forth Anno 1577. in the space of two yeares and ten moneths did compasse the circle of the Earth by Sea And the Lord Charles Howard Englands high Admirall did not onely from hence impeach the entrance of the proud invincible Spanish Navy intending invasion and subversion of State but with his Bullets so signed their passage that their sides did well shew in whose hands they had beene as seals of their own shame and his high honour 5 The commodities of this shire consist much in Wools and Clothings where the best and finest Kersies are made in the Land Corne is most plenteous in the fruitfull Vallies and Cattle spreading upon the topped Hils Sea-fish and Fowle exceedingly abundant Veynes of Lead yea and some of Silver in this Shire are found and the Load-stone not the least for use and esteeme from the rocks upon Dartmore hath beene taken Many fresh Springs doe bubble from the Hils in this Province which with a longing desire of Societie search out their passage till they meete and conjoyne in the Vallies and gathering still strength with more branches lastly grow bodied able to beare Ships into the Land and to lodge them of great burden in their Bosomes or Fals whereof Tamar Tave and Ex are the fairest and most commodious 6 Vpon which last the chiefe Citie and Shire-Towne of this County is seated and from that River hath her name Excester this City by Ptolemie is called Isca by the Itinerary of Antonius Emperour Isca Danmoniorum by the English Saxons Exanceasder and Monketon and by the Welsh Pencaer It is pleasantly seated upon the gentle ascent of an hil so stately for building so rich with Inhabitants so frequâ—nt for commerce and concourse of strangers that a man can desire nothing but there it is to be had saith William of Malmesbury The wals of this Citie first built by King Athelstane are in a manner circular or round but towards the Ex rangeth almost in a straight line having sixe Gates for entrance and many watch-Towers interposed betwixt whose compasse containeth about fifteene hundred paces upon the East part of this Citie standeth a Castle called Rugemont sometimes the Palace of the West-Saxon Kings and after them of the Earles of Cornwall whose prospect is pleasant unto the Sea and over against it a most magnificent Cathedrall Church founded by King Athelstan also in honour of S. Peter and by Edward the Confessor made the Bishops See which he removed from Crediton or Kirton in this County unto the Citie of Excester as saith the private History of that place whose dilapidations the reverend father in God William now Bishop of the Diocesse with great cost hath repaired whom I may not name without a most thankfull remembrance for the great benefits received by his carefull providence toward me and mine This Citie was so strong and so well stored of Britaines that they held out against the Saxons for 465. years after their first entrance and was not absolutely wonne untill Athelstan became Monarch of the whole who then peopled it with his Saxons and enriched the beautie thereof with many faire buildings but in the times of the Danish desolations this Citie with the rest felt their destroying hands for in the yeare 875. it was
hath every thing in it to content the purse the heart the eye at home and sufficient Ports to give entertainement to Commodities from abroad 5 The ancient Inhabitants that possessed this Province were the Belgae who spread themselves far and wide aswell here as in Wilt-shire and the inner parts of Hampshire who being branched from the Germans conferred the names of those places from whence they came upon these their seats where they resided 6 The generall profits of this Province are Corn and Cattell wherewith it is so plentifully stored as it may challenge any neighbouring Countrey for the quantitie to make shew of Cattle so fat or Graine so rich Some places are peculiarly enriched by Lead-mynes as Mindsphils perchance so called of the deepe Mynes by Leiland aptly termed Minerarii Minerall hils which yeeld plenty of Lead the most Merchantable commoditie that is in England and vented into all parts of the world Some are beautified with Diamonds as Saint Vincent Rocke whereof there is great plenty and so bright of colour as they might equalize Indian Diamonds if they had their hardnesse yet being so many and so common they are lesse sought after or commended 7 This Country is famoused by three Cities Bath Wels and Bristow The first takes name of the hot Bathes which Antonine called Aquae Solis The waters of the Sunne Stephanus Badiza we at this day Bath and the Latinists Bathonia a place of continuall concourse for persons of all degrees and almost of all diseases whence it was sometimes called Akeman cester who by divine providence doe very often finde reliefe there the Springs thereof by reason of their Minerall and sulphurous passage being of such exceeding power and medicinable heat as that they cure and conquer the rebellious stubbornnesse of corrupt humours in respect of which admirable vertues some have fabled that they were first conveyed by Magicke-Art To testifie the antiquitie of this place many Images and Romane Inscriptions are found in the wals which can now be hardly read they are so worne and eaten into by age Wels as Leiland reporteth was sometimes called Theodorodunum but from whence it had that denomination he makes no mention The name it now beareth is taken as some thinke from the River there which King Kinewulph in his Charter An. 766. calleth Welwe or as others from the Wels or Springs which there breake forth and whereupon that See under whose Iurisdiction is also the Citie of Bathe hath beene anciently called Fontanensis Ecclesia the Fountaine Church where the Cathedrall built by King Inas to the memory of S. Andrew is very beautifull and richly endowed The Citie is likewise well replenished both with Inhabitants and seemly buildings Whose government is managed by a Maior yeerely elected a Recorder and seven Masters having the assistance of sixteene Burgesses a Towne-Clerke and two Sergeants at Mace Whose Latitude is 51.20 minutes and Longitude 17.31 minutes Bristow is not so ancient as it is faire and well seated The beautie of it being such as for the bignesse thereof it scarce gives place to any Citie of England and doth worthily deserve the Saxon name Bright-stad whose pleasantnesse is the more by reason that the River Avon scowres through the midst of it which together with the benefit of Sewes under all the streets cleares the Citie of all noysome filth and uncleannesse It is not wholly seated in this Countie of Sommerset but one part thereof in Gloucestershire but because it is an entire Countie of it selfe it denies subjection unto either having for its owne government both a Bishop with a well furnished Colledge and a Maior with a competent assistance of Aldermen and other Officers for Civill affaires 8 This Province hath beene the Theater of many Tragicall events and bloody Battels the Danes did grievously afflict Porlock by cruell Piracies in the yeere eight hundred eightie sixe Yet neere unto Pen a little village neighbouring upon North Cadbury Edmund surnamed Iron-side gave them a notable foyle as he was pursuing Canutus from place to place for usurping the Crowne of England And Keniwalch a West Saxon in the same place had such a day against the Britaines that they ever after stood in awe of the English-Saxons prowesse Marianus relateth that not farre from Bridge-water as the Danes were stragling abroad Ealstan Bishop of Sherbourne did so foyle their forces in the yeere 845. as their minds were much discomfited and their powers utterly disabled Ninius also writeth that King Arthur did so defeat the English-Saxons in a battle at Cadbury that it deserved to be made perpetuously memorable Neither is Mons Badonicus now Bannesdown lesse famous for Arthurs victories And King Elfred in another battell not farre from hence gave the Danes such an overthrow as he forced them to submission and induced Godrus their King to become a Christian himselfe being God-father to him at the Font. So happy is this Region and so beholding to Nature and Art for her strengths and fortifications as she hath alwaies beene able to defend her selfe and offend her enemies 9 Neither hath it beene lesse honoured with beauteous houses consecrated to Religion such was that of Black-Chanons at Barelinch in the first limit of this Shire Westward and King Athelstan built a monastery in an Iland called Muchelney that is to say the great Iland which is between the Rivers Iuel and Pedred running together where the defaced wals and ruines thereof are yet to be seene King Henry the third also erected a Nunnery at Witham which was afterwards the first house of the Carthusian Monks in England as Hinton not farre off was the second But above all other for antiquitie glory and beauty was the Abbey of Glastenbury whose beginning is fetcht even from Ioseph of Arimathea which Devi Bishop of S. Davids repaired being fallen to ruine and King Inas lastly builded a faire and stately Church in this Monastery though it be now made even with the ground the ruines onely shewing how great and magnificent a Seat it hath anciently beene which severall houses were thus beautified by bounteous Princes for religious purposes and to retire the mind from worldly services though blinded times and guides diverted them to superstitious and lewd abuses 10 Other memorable places are these Camalet a very steepe hill hard to be ascended which appeares to have beene a worke of the Romanes by divers Coynes digged up there on the top whereof are seene the lineaments of a large and ancient Castle which the Inhabitants report to have been the Palace of King Arthur Ilechester which at the comming of the Normans was so populous that it had in it an hundred and seven Burgesses and it appeares to be of great antiquitie by the Romane Caesars Coines oftentimes found there The Church-yard of Avalonia or Glassenbury where King Arthurs Sepulcher was searcht for
that rightly is termed the Lady of the Sea spreds her saile Whence twice with luckie successe hath beene accomplished the compassing of the vniuersall Globe This Riuer Canutus laying siege against London sought by digging to diuert before him the Danes had done great harmes in the Citie yet was their State recouered by K. Elfred and the Riuer kept her old course notwithstanding that cost In the times of the Normans some ciuill broiles haue bin attempted in this City as in the dayes of K. Iohn whereinto his Barons entred and the Tower yeelded vnto Lewis And againe Wat Tiler herein coÌ„mitted outragious cruelties but was worthily struck down by the Maior slain in Smithfield This Cities graduation for Latitude is the degree 51 45. min. and in Longitude 20. degrees 39. minutes 9 In this County at Bâ—rnet vpon Easter day a bloudy battell was fought betwixt Henry 6. and Edward 4. wherein were slaine one Marques one Earle three Lords with them ten thousand English-men 10 The diuision of this Shire is into seuen Hundreds wherein are seated two Cities foure Market Townes seuenty three Parish-Churches besides them in London where in the Church of Gray-Fryers now called Christ-Church three Queenes lie interred which were Queene Margaret the D. of Philip the hardy King of France second wife to King Edward the first the second was Queene Isabel wife to King Edward the second and D. to Philip the faire King of France and the third was Queene Ioan their daughter maried to Dauid King of Scotland MIDLE-SEX described WITH THE MOST FAMOUS Cities of LONDON and WESTMINSTER HVNDREDS in MIDDLESEX 1 Edmonton 2 Gore 3 Fynnesbury and Wenlaxebarn 4 Osulston 5 Elthorne 6 Istleworth 7 Spelthorne A Acton West Fynnesbury Acton East Fynnesbury Alperton Gâ—re Ascott Elthorne Ashâ—forde Spelthorne Astleham Spelthorne B Baber bridge Spelthorne Fryarne Barnet Fynnesbury Bedfonte West Spelthorne Bedfonte East Spelthorne Bednall Greene Osulston Belsyfe Fynnesbury Bishops hall Osulston Blackwall Osulston Boston Elthorne Braineforde little Elthorne BRAINEFORD West Eltho Breakspeares Elthorne Brent Flu. Brentstore Gore Broken borowes Elthorne Bromesley Osulst. Brompton Fynnesb. Browswell Fynnesb. Burmfeild Edmont Burystreete Edmont C Canons Gore Canbury Fynnesb. Chalcot Fynnesb. Charlton Spelthorn Chelsey Fynnesb. Cheswicke Fynnesb. Childes hill Fynnesbury Clapton Osulston Clarkenwell Osulst. Colham Elthorne Colne Flu. Cony hatch Fynnesb. Coppermill Istleworth Coptehall Osulst. Cowley Elthorne Craneford Elthorne Craneford bridge Elthorne Cruch end Fynnesbury D Daleston hill Fynnesbury Dalis Gore Daneershill Edmont Deane wood Fynnesb. Dogges Isle Osulst. Dormans well Elthorne Dorsey sars Edmont Drayton West Elthorne Driuershill Gore Ducoates Edmont Durance Edmont Durhams Edmont E East end Fynnesb. EDGWARE Gore Edmonton Edmont Edmondstreete Edmont Elynge Fynnesb. Enfeild Edmont Enfeild chase Edmont Eueney farme Spelthor F Feltham Spelthor Feltham hill Spelthor Fincheley Fynnesb. The Fold Edmont Fryain Maner Fynnesb. Fryth Gore Fulham Fynnesbury G Greene hill Gore Greeneford Elthor. Greenestret Edmont Gunnetsbury Fynnes S. Gyles Fynnesb. H Hackney Osulst. Hadley Edmont Halwayes Fynnesb. Hamersinyth Finnesb Hampton Spelthorn Hampton Court Spelthorn Hampsteed Fynnesb. Hamsworth Elthor. Hanford Spelthor Hanworth Spelthorn Hangerwood Fynnesb. Hanwell Elthorn Harefeild Elthorn Harleston greene Fynnesb. Harlington Elthorn Harmondesworth Elthor. Harrow hill Gore Heayes Elthorn Hellingdon little Elthor. Hendon Gore Hendon house Gore Heston Istle Highwood Gore Highgate Fynnesb. Hillingdon little Elthor. Hillingdon great Elthor. Hockesdon Osulst. Hollick Fynnesb. Holly well streete Osulst. Hornesey Fynnesb. The Hospitall Fynnesb. Hunslow Istle Hyde Parke Fynnesb. I S. Iames Fynnesb. Ickenham Elthoâ—n I le of dogges Osulst. Islington Fynnesb. Istleworth Istle K S. Katherins Lon. Lib. Kensingeton Fynnesb. Kenton Gore Kenton Spelthor Kentishtowne Fynnesb. Kickesend Edmont Kingsland Osulst. Kingesbury Gore Kingston wike Spelt Knightsbridge Fynnesb. Kylborne Fynnesb. L Lalâ—ham Spelthorne Littleton Spelthorne Lodge hill Fynnesb. LONDON Ludgraues Edmont Lymehouse Osulst. M Mâ—rybone Fynnesb. Mendon house Gore Merestrete Osulst. Milhill Gore Morehall Elthorn Morehatche Edmont Muckings Edmont Muswell hill Fynnesb. Myle end Osulst. Myms south Edmont N Northhall Lodge Elthorn Nefedon Fynnesb. Newhouse Spelth. Newington Stoke Fynnesb. Newington Fynnes Newington greene Fynnesb. Norcote Eâ—thorne Northall Elthorne North end Fynnesb. Norton folgate Osuâ—st Norwood Elthorne O Oldeford Osuâ—st Osterley Elthorne P Padingwick Fynnesb. Padington Fynnesb. Pancras Fynnesb. Parsons greene Fynnesb. Perrinale Elthorne Pinnes Edmont Ponders end Edmont Popler Osulst. Potters barr Edmont Preston Gore Pynner Gore R Rateclyffe Osulst. Rimslippe Elthorn Roxoey Gore S Safforne hill Fynnesb. Sauthold Elthorn Shackerwell Osulst. Shepperton Spelth. Shorditch Osulst. Southmyns Edmont STANES Spelth. Stanmore great Gore Stanmore little Gore Stanner great Gore Stanschurch Spelth. Stanwell Spelth. Stepney Osulst. Strande Elthor. Stratford bow Osulst. Sudbury Gore Sunbury Spelthor Swaleys Elthorne Syon Elthorne Sypson Elthorne T Tottenham Edmont Tottenham streete Edmont Tottenham high-crosse Edmont Totten Court Fynnesb. Tuddington Spelth. Turnham greene Elthor. Twickenham Istle Twickenham Parke Istle Twyford East Fynnes Twyford West Gore V VXBRIDGE Elthor. Vxenden Gore W Wadhad greene Fynnesb. Waltham crosse Edmont Wapping Osulst. Weald Gore Wemley hill Gore Westborne Fynnesb. WESTMINSTER Westminster Citie Whetstone Fynnesb. Wewrsley Elthorn Whitton Istle Whitwebb Edmont Willesdon Fynnesb. Winchmorhill Edmont Woodhall Gore Worton Istle Wyerhill Edmont ESSEX by the Saxons written East-seaxa and East-sexscife by the Normans Exsessa and by the vulgar Essex is a Countie large in compasse very populous and nothing inferiour to the best of the Land 2 The forme thereof is somewhat circular excepting the East part which shooterh her self with many Promontories into the Sea and from Horsey Island to Haidon in the West the broadest part of the shire are by measure forty miles and the length from East-Ham upon Thamisis in the South to Surmere upon the River Stow in the North are thirtie miles the whole in circumference one hundred fortie six miles 3 It lyeth bounded upon the North with Suffolke and Cambridge-shires upon the West with Hertford and Middlesex upon the South by Thamisis is parted from Kent and the East side thereof is altogether washed with the German Sea 4 The aire is temperate and pleasant only towards the waters somwhat aguish the soil is rich and fruitfull though in some places sandy barren yet so that it never frustrates the Husbandmans hopes or fils not the hands of her Harvest-Labourers but in some part so fertile that after three yeers glebe of Saffron the land for 18. more will yeeld plenty of Barley without either dung or other fatning earth 5 Her ancient Inhabitants known to the Romans were by Caesar called the Trinobantes of whom in the former Chapter we have spoken and in our History shall speak more at large But this name perishing with the age of the Empire the Saxons presently framed a new and with Hertford and Middlesex made it their East-Saxons Kingdom untill that Egbert brought this and the whole into an entire and
the lowest rowe whose trade circuit and seat doth equall most places of the Land besides It seemeth this Towne hath beene walled about both by a Rampire of earth mounted along her North and West parts and places of entrance where gates have stood which no doubt by the Danes were cast downe in the yeare of Christ Iesus 991. when they sacked with spoyle all these Sea-coasts and again in the yeare one thousand laid the streets desolate and the houses on heaps yet afterwards recovering both breath and beauty her buildings from Stoke-Church in the South to S. Margarets in the North now containe 1900. paces and from S. Helens in the East to S. Matthews Church in the West are no lesse then 2120. full of streets plenteously inhabited wherein are twelve Parish-Churches seated besides them suppressed such were Christ-Church S. Georges S. Iames the White the Blacke and Grey-Friers The Site of this Towne is removed from the Equator unto the degree 52.25 minutes and by Mercators observation from the first West-points 22. degrees 9 minutes and is yearely governed by two Bailiffes and ten Port-men all wearing Scarlet with twenty foure of their Common-Counsell in Purple a Recorder a Towne-Clerke five Sergeants whereof one is for the Admiraltie a Beadle and Common-Crier all in blew with the Towns Armes on their Sleeves The other Eye of this Shire is the Saxons Bedericgueord By Abbo the Royall Towne wherein at the day-breake of the Saxons conversion Sigebert King of the East Angles founded a Christian Church and upon the occasion of King Edmunds buriall who at Hoxon was shot to death hath been ever since called S. Edmunds-bury where was built to his honour one of the fairest Monasteries in the world hegun by King Canute much affrighted with the seeming appearance of that Martyrs Ghost who to expiate the sacrilegious impietie of his Father Suenus enriched the place with many endowments and offered up his owne Crowne upon the holy Martyrs Tombe For the beautie and buildings of this Abbey and Towne let Leyland for me declare The Sunne saith he hath not seen a Citie more finely seated so delicately upon the easie ascent of an hill with a River running on the East-side nor a more stately Abbey either for revenues or incomparable magnificence in whose prospect appeareth rather a City then a Monastery so many Gates for enterance and some of them brasse so many Towers and a most glorious Church upon which attend three others standing all in the same Church-yard all of them passing fine and of a curious workmanship Whose ruines lie in the dust lamenting their fall moving the beholders to pitie their case Neere unto this Town a great Battle was fought by Robert Bossu Earle of Leicester against his Soveraigne King Henry the second but was worthily overcome by Richard Lucy the Kings high Iustice himself and wife taken with many Flemings and Engligshmen slaine 7 Other places worthy of remembrance this Countie affords such is Exning in the West formerly famous for the birth of S. Audrey daughter to King Anna one of the three names of the Shires division Rendlisham in the East where Redwald the first Christian in this Kingdome held his Court and Hadley in her South where Guthrum the Dane whom Elfred baptized was buried And things of stranger note are the limits of the East-Angles Territories running along Newmarket heath vulgarly called the Devils ditch the like fable is formally told by Nubrigensis that at Wulpet in the heart of this Shire two green boves of Satyres kind arose out of the ground from the Antipodes beleeve it if you will and Ralfe Coggshall in the Monuments of Colchester declareth that a Fish in all parts like a man was taken neere Orford and for six moneths was kept in the Castle whence after he escaped againe to the Sea As strange but most true was a crop of Pease that without tillage or sowing grew in the Rocks betwixt this Orford and Aldebrough in the year 1555. When by unseasonable weather a great dearth was in the Land there in August were gathered above one hundred Quarters and in blossoming remained as may more where never grasse grew or earth ever seene but hard solide Rockes three yards deep under their roots 8 Places separated from common use and devoted to God and his service by religious Princes were at S. Edmunds Ipswich Ikleworth â—lithborow Clare Leston Burgh Castle wherein Sigebert King of the East-Angles entered the profession of a Monke but was thence forced by his people to fight against the Mercians in which Battle he was slaine And Dunwich where Foelix founded his Episcopall See These with many others in this County were suppressed in the fall of the Monasteries and their Revenews assumed by King Henry the Eight 9 This Shire is principally divided into three parts which are called the Celdable S. Edmunds and S. Audreys Liberties subdivided into twenty-two Hundreds and them againe into 575. Parish-Churches wherein are seated seaven Castles and twenty eight Market Townes whose names are in the Table annexed SUFFOLKE described and divided into Hundreds The situation of the fayre towne IPSWICH shewed with the ARMES of the most noble families that have bene either Dukes or Earles both of that Countie as also of Clare HUNDREDS in Suffolke 1. LAckford 2. Thingoe 3. Risbridge 4. Baberghe 5. Thedwastrie 6. Blackborne 7. Stowe 8. Cosforde 9. Bosmere 10. Sampford 11. Colâ—eis 12. Caâ—leford 13. Thredlinge 14. Hartesmere 15. Hâ—xone 16. Looâ—s 17. Wilforde 18. Plumesgate 19. Blithing 20. Wangford 21. Mutford 22. Lothingland A Acton Baberg Akenham Bosmer ALDERBURGHE Plum Aldham Cosford Alderton Wilford Aldringham Blith Allington Hoxon Alpheton Babergh Ampton Theâ— S. Andrewes VVang All Saints VVang Arwerton Sam. Ashbye Lothing Ashe Looes Ashe Bocking Bosmer Ashefeild Thred Ashefeild Black Aspall Hartes Assington Baberg Aye Hartes B Backton Hartes Badley Bosmer Baddingham Hoxon Badwell Black Baiton alias Beighton Thed Bardwell Black Bargham black Barham bosmer. Barkingeâ— bosmer. Barnâ—ye Mut. Barningham black Barrowe Thingoc Barsham VVang Barton Thed Barton little Lack. Batisford bosmer. Baudsey VVilford Bawdsey haven Coln Bayleham bosmer. Bealings great Carlef. Bealings little Carlef. BECKLES VVang Bedfeild Hoxon Bedingfeild Hoxon Bellstead Samp. Belton Lothing Beneker Blith Benhall Plum Bentley samp Bernerdiston Risbridge Bildeston Cosfor Bildeston street Crosfor Blakenham great bosmer. Blakenham little bosmer. Blaxhall Plum BLIGHBOROUGHE Bli. Blithford blith Blith â—lu Blundeston lothing BONGEY VVang Bouldge Wilf BOTYSDALE Hartes Boxford baberg. Boxted baberg. Boyton VVilf Boyscott VVang Bradfeild Combusham Thed Bradfeild Monks Thed Bradfeild S. George Thed Bradfeild S. Cleere Thed Bradley great Risb. Bradley little Risb. Bradwell Loth. Bramford bosmer. Brampâ—eild blith Brampton blith Brandeston Looes BRANDON FERRIE Lack. Brantham Samp. Brasiard Plum Bredfeild Wilf Brent Ely Baberg Bresworth Hartes Bretton flu Brettenham Cosford Brightwell Carlef. Brockelie Thingoe Brockford Hartes Brome Hartes
Pap. Owtwell Wis. Oxwell VVeth P Pampisford Chil. Papworth Evered Pap. Papworth Agnes Pap. Persondrove Wis. Prickwillow Ely Q Quaney Ely R Rampton North. Ramsey mere Wic RECHE Wich ROYSTON Arm. S Sawston VVit Saxum Cheu Shelford great Thryp. Shelford little Thryp. Shengey Arm. Sheperheth Weth Snaylwell Stap. Soham Stap. Soham mere Stap. Statchworth Rad. Stanton long North. Stapleford Thryp. Stontney Ely Stowe Stowe Stowe Quire Stane Streatham VVich Streatham mere North. Sutton Wich Swaffham prior Stane Swaffham bulbeck Stan Swavesey Pap. T Tadlow Arming Teversham Flend Thetfort Wich Thorney Ely Thorney Wich Thryplowe Thryp. Tofte Stowe Trokenhole VVis Trumpington Thryp. Turbulsey Ely Tydd S. Gyles Wis. V Vp-mere Wich Vpware Wich Vpwell Wis. W Walton Weth Waterbeach North. Welney Ely Wendy Armin. Wentworth VVich Westwick Chest. Westley Rad. Whaddon Arm. Whittlesey VVich Whittlesey dike Wich Whittlesey mere Wich Whitwell Weth Wicham Wich Wichford Wich Wickham West Chil. Wicken Stap. Widford Thryp. Wilberham great Stane Wilberham little Stane Wilberton Wich Willingham Pap. Willingham Rad. Willington Wich WISBICH VVis Witcham VVich Wittlesford VVhit West Wratting Rad. Wymple Weth HERTFORD-SHIRE CHAPTER XX. HERTFORD-SHIRE is bordered upon the North with Bedford and Cambridge-shires upon the East is altogether bounded by Essex upon the South is confined with Middlesex and her West butteth upon Buckingham and Bedfordshires 2 The forme thereof is somewhat circular with many indents to fetch in those Towns that are dispersedly stragled into her next Shire whereof Roâ—ston and Totteridge are the two extremes from North to South betwixt whom in a strait drawne line are twenty seven English miles and from Putnam Westward to Cheston Nunnery in the East are twenty eight the whole circumference about an hundred and thirty miles 3 The ayre is temperate sweet and healthfull as seated in a Climate neither too hot nor too cold the soyle is rich plenteous and delightfull yeelding abundance of Corn Cattle Wood Grasse destitute of nothing that ministreth profit or pleasures for life which are more augmented by the many Rivers that arise and run thorow this Shire watering her owne and others till they emptie themselves into the Sea 4 Her ancient Inhabitants in the time of the Romans were the Cattieuchlanians or Cassiians and the Trinobantes as their Writers declare and in the Heptarchy was possessed by the East-SaxoÌ„s excepting some small portion thereof that the Mercian Kings enjoyed The Danes also in their over-runnings sought to stay themselves in this Shire and at Ware then Weare pitched downe their rest and hope for passing the Lea in their light Pinnaces and Shallops raised therein a Fort which maugre the English they kept untilâ— that by the wise policie of King Elfred that River was parted into more running streames whereby their Ships perished and they intercepted both of provision and further supplie 5 The Romans before them had made Verolamium in this Shire their greatest for account which in Neroes time was a Municipiall as Ninius in his Catalogue of Cities doth call it or as Tacitus a Free Town sacked by Bodua that ever eternized Queene of the Icenians when seventy thousand of the Romans and Confederates by her revenging sword perished the site and circuit whereof in this Card we have set according to our view and measure there taken whose magnificence for Port and stately Architecture were found by her large and arched Vaults in the daies of King Edgar which were digged into and cast down by Elred and Edmer Abbots of S. Albanes for that they were the receptacles and lurking-holes of Whores and Theeves the ruines of which have raised the beauty of her surviving and faire Saint Albanes where Offa the great Mercian in great devotion built a most stately Monastery whose Church yet standing retaineth the ashes of many Nobles there slaine in the quarrell of Yorke and Lancaster and a Font of solid brasse brought out of Scotland by Sir Richard Lea from the siege of Leeth 6 Many other Townes both for commerce stately buildings and of ancient Record this Shire affoordeth whereof Hertford though the Shire-Towne is not the richest the passage thorow Ware hath left her waies so untrodden to prevent which in former times that River at Ware was whained up and the Bailiffes of Hertford had the custodie of the Key which howsoever they have lost yet hath the Towne gotten her Governour to be preferred from the name of a Bailiffe unto a Maior assisted with nine Burgesses a Recorder and two Sergeants their Attendants Herein a Castle for situation pleasant for Trench Walles and River sufficiently fenced was lately seen but marked to destinie as the Towne to decay hath found the hand of Fortune to overmatch her strength and to ruinate the Priorie S. Nicholas and S. Maries Churches besides a Cell of S. Albanes Monkes that therein were seated The like fate fals unto Hemsted and her faire Castle wherein Richard King of the Romans left his life Yet Langley is graced both in the birth of Prince Edmund the fifth son to King Edward the third and the buriall of Richard the second that unfortunate King who in the Cell of Fryers Preachers was there first buried but afterwards removed and enshrined at Westminster And in another Langley neer and East from thence was borne that Pontificall Break-Speare Bishop of Rome knowne by the name of Hadrian the fourth and famous for his stirrup-holding by Frederick the Emperour whose breath was lastly stopped by a Flie that flew into his mouth 7 The civill Battles that in this Shire have been fought in the Map it selfe are inserted and therefore here omitted but the more ancient remembred unto us by Oister hill neer S. Albans whom the judicious Cambden supposeth to have been the Campe of Ostorius the second Lieutenant and subduer of great Caractacus as also seven small round Hilles betwixt Stevennedge and Knebworth in which are supposed some Roman Souldiers to lie buried 8 Religious Houses built and suppressed the chiefest for account in this Sâ—ire were S. Albans Roâ—ston Ware Spowell Langley besides them at Hertford whom Beda cals Herudford which Cities graduation is distant and removed from the Equator 52. degrees 5. minutes of Latitude and set from the first point of the West according to Mercator in the 20. degree 29. minutes of Longitude The Earledomes whereof were enjoyed onely by those two honourable Families whose atchievements we have also therein expressed 9 This Counties division is into eight Hundreds wherein are seated eighteene Market Towns and one hundred and twenty Parish-Churches as in the Table inserted by their Alphabet are easily to be found HARTFORD SHIRE DESCRIBED The sittuations of Hartford and the most ancient towne S Albons with such memorable actions as have happened HVNDREDS in Hertford-shire 1. ODsey Hund. 2. Edwinstree Hun. 3. Branghing Hund. 4. Brodewater Hund. 5. Hitching Hund. 6. Dacor Hund. 7.
and strongly built with foure faire Gates opening into the fouâ—e winds besides three posternes and seven Watch-Towers extending in compasse one thousand nine hundred and forty paces On the South of this City is mounted a Strong and stately Castle round in forme and the base Court likewise inclosed with a circular wall In the North is the Minster first built by Earle Leofrike to the honour of Saint Werburga the Virgin and after most sumptuously repaired by Hugh the first Earle of Chester of the Normans now the Cathedrall of the Bishops See Therein lyeth interred as report doth relate the body of Henry the fourth Emperour of Almaine who leaving his Imperiall Estate led lastly therein an Hermites life This City hath formerly been sore defaced first by Egfrid King of Northumberland where he slew twelve hundred Christian Monkes resorted thither from Bangor to pray Againe by the Danes it was sore defaced when their destroying feet had trampled downe the beauty of the Land But was againe rebuilt by Ethelfleada the Mercian Lady who in this County and Forrest of Dilamer built Eadesburg and Finborow two fine Cities nothing of them now remaining besides the Chamber in the Forrest Chester in the dayes of King Edgar was in most flourishing estate wherein he had the homage of eight other Kings who rowed his Barge from S. Iohns to his Palace himselfe holding the Helm as their supreme This City was made a County incorporate of it selfe by King Henry the seventh and is yearly governed by a Major with Sword and Mace borne before him in State two Sheriffes twenty foure Aldermen a Recorder a Town-Clerke and a Sergeant of Peace foure Sergeants and six Yeomen It hath been accounted the Key into Ireland and great pity is it that the port should decay as it daily doth the Sea being stopped to scoure the River by a Causey that thwarteth Dee at her bridge Within the walls of this City are eight Parish-Churches S. Iohns the greater and lesser in the Suburbs are the White Fryers Blacke Fryers and Nunry now suppressed From which City the Pole is elevated unto the degree 53.58 minutes of Latitude and from the first point of the West in Longitude unto the 17. degree and 18. minutes 8 The Earledome whereof was possessed from the Conquerour till it fell lastly to the Crowne the last of whom though not with the least hopes is Prince Henry who to the Titles of Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall hath by Succession and right of inheritance the Earlddom of Chester annexed to his other most happy Stiles Vpon whose Person 〈…〉 of Iacobs God may ever attend to his 〈…〉 Britaine 's happinesse 9 If I should urge credit unto the report of certaine Trees floating in Bagmere onely against the deaths of the Heires of the Breretons thereby seated and after to sinke untill the next like occasion or inforce for truth the Prophecie which Leyland in a Poeticall fury fore-spake of Beeston Castle highly mounted upon a steepe hill I should forget my selfe and wonted opinion that can hardly beleeve any such vaine predictions though they be told from the mouths of credit as Bagmere Trees are or learned Leyland for Beeston who thus writeth The day will come when it againe shal mount his head aloft If I a Prophet may be heard from Seers that say so oft With eight other Castles this Shire hath been strengthened which were Old-Castle Shoclach Shotwitch Chester Poulefourd Dunham Frodesham and Haulten and by the prayers as then was taught of eight religious houses therein seated preserved which by King Henry the eight were suppressed namely Stanlow Ilbree Maxfeld Norton Bunbery Combermere Rud-heath and Vale-Royall besides the White and Blacke Fryers and the Nunnery in Chester This Counties division is into seven Hundreds wherein are seated thirteene Market-Townes eighty six Parish-Churches and thirty eight Chappels of ease THE COUNTYE PALATINE OF CHESTER With that most aNCIENT CITIE described Hundreds in Cheshire 1. Wyrehalo 2. Eddesbury 3. Broxton 4. Northwiche 5. Bucklow 6. Nantwiche 7. Macclesfeild A Acton Eddes Acton Nant. Acton Grange Buck. Adynton Mac. Aggeton Brox. Akedone Buck. Nether Alderleigh Mac. Over Alderleigh Mac. Aldelym Nant. Alford Brox. Aldresey Brox. Allostock North. Almare Hall Brox. Alpram Eddes Alsacher Nant. Alstanston Nant. Alton Eddes ALTRINGHAM B. Alvandeley Eddes Alvaston Nant. Anderton Buck. Appleton Buck. Arclydd North. Areley Buck. Armitage North. Arwe Wyre Ashefeild Wyre Assheley Buck. Asheton Eddes Assheton Buck. Aston Nant. Aston Grange Buck. Aston Chappell Buck. Ayton Eddes Ayton North. B Bache Brox. Backford Wyre Badileigh Nant. Baggeleigh Nant. Bagmere Mere North. The Baites Brox. Barkesford Nant. Barnshaw North. Barnston Wyre Little Barrow Eddes Great Barrow Eddes Barterton Buck. Bartherton Nant. Barthynton Buck. Barton Brox. Bartumleigh Nant. Bathynton Nant. Over Bebynton Wyre Nether Bebynton Wyre The Beacon Mac. Becheton Nant. Beeston Eddes Beeston Castle Eddes Bexton Buck. Bickerton Brox. Beleigh North. Birkin Flu. Blakenhall Wyre Blakenhall Nant. Bnyrton Brox. Bolyn Mac. Bollyn Flu. Bolynton Buck. Bolynton Mac. Boseleigh Mac. Bostock North. Boughtâ—n Brox. Bouthes Buck. Bowdon Buck. Bradford North. Bradley Brox. Bradley Buck. Bradwell North. Bredbury Mac. Brereton North. Briddesmeyre Nant. Brindeleigh Nant. Brinston Wyre Bromall Mac. Bromehall Nant. Bromley Nant. Broton hils Brox. Broxton Brox. Broxton hils Brox. Brunburgh Wyre Brunscath Wyre Brunynton Mac. Bucklow Buck. Budeston Wyre Budworth Eddes Great Budworth Buck. Buglawton North. Bukkeley Brox. Bunbury Eddes Bureton Nant. Burland Nant. Burton Eddes Burton Wyre Burton Brox. Burwardley Brox. Butteleigh Mac. Byrches North. Byrchelles Mac. C Caldey Wyre Great Caldey Wyre Caldecott Brox. Calveleigh Eddes Capenhurst Wyre Capensthorne Mac. Cardyn Brox. Caringham North. Carrynton Buck. Chalkyleigh Nant. Chad Chappell Brox. The Chamber in the Forrest Edde Chappell in the street Buck. Chedle Mac. Chelford Mac. WEST CHESTER Bro. Childer Thotron Wyre Cholmton Eddes Cholmundley Brox. Cholmundeston Nant. Chorleigh Nant. Chorleigh Mac. Chorleton Nant. Chorleton Brox. Chorleton Wyre Chowley Brox. Churchenheath Brox. Churton Brox. Chydlow Brox. Clareton Brox. Claughton Wyre Clifton Buck. Clotton Eddes Clutton Brox. Clyve North. Codynton Eddes Coddynton Brox. Coggeshall Buck. Coiley Nant. Combermere Nant. CONGLETON Nan. Conghull Brox. Church Copenhall Nant. Coton North. Coton Brox. Crabball Wyre Cranage North. Crauton Eddes Crew Nant. Crew Brox. Church Cristleton Brox. Little Cristleton Brox. Rowe Cristleton Brox. Croughton Wyre Croxton North. Cumberbache Buck. D Dane Flu. North. Dane Flu. Mack Dane Inche North. Dareley Eddes Darford Nant. Darnall Grange Eddes Davenham North. Davenport North. Delamere Forrest Edd. Deresbury Buck. Disteleigh Mack Dodcot Nant. Doddynton Nant. Dodleston brox Dodynton Brox. Dokenfeild Mack Dokynton Brox. Downes Mack Dunham Buc. Dunham Eddes Dudden Eddes Dutton Buc. E Eaten boat Brox. Ecchelles Mac. Eccleston Bro. Edlaston Nant. Edge Bro. Eggerton Bro. Elton Eddâ—â— Elton North. Erdley hall Mac. Estham Wyre F Fadisleigh Nant. Fallybrome Mac. Farndon Bro. The Ferye Wyre Finborow Eddes Flaxyards Eddes
with the River Ouse with the bounds of Lancashire and with the South limits of the Shire and beareth towards the West and South East-Riding bends it selfe to the Ocean with the which and with the River Derwent shee is inclosed and looks into that part where the Sunne rising and shewing forth his beames makes the world both glad and glorious in his brightnesse North-Riding extends it self Northward hem'd in as it were with the River Tees and Derwent and a long race of the River Ouse The length of this Shire extended from Harthill in the South to the mouth of Tees in the North are neere unto 70. miles the bredth from Flambrough-head to Horncastle upon the River Lun is 80. the whole Circumference 308. miles 5 The Soile of this County for the generalitie is reasonable fertile and yeelds sufficiency of Corne and Cattle within it selfe One part whereof is particularly made famous by a Quarry of Stone out of which the stones newly hewen be very soft but seasoned with winde and weather of themselves doe naturally become exceeding hard and solide Another by a kinde of Limestone whereof it consisteth which being burnt and conveyed into the other parts of the countrey which are hilly and somewhat cold serve to manure and enrich their Corn-fields 6 That the Romans flourishing in Military prowesse made their severall stations in this Countrey is made manifest by their Monuments by many Inscriptions fastned in the walles of Churches by many Columnes engraven with Roman-worke found lying in Churchyards by many votive Altars digd up that were erected as it should seeme to their Tutelar Gods for they had locall and peculiar Topick Gods whom they honoured as Keepers and Guardians of some particular places of the Countrey as also by a kinde of Bricks which they used for the Romans in time of Peace to avoyd and withstand idlenesse as an enemie to vertuous and valorous enterprises still exercised their Legions and Cohorts in casting of Ditches making of High-wayes building of Bridges and making of Bricks which having sithence been found and from time to time digd out of the ground prove the antiquitie of the place by the Romane Inscriptions upon them 7 No lesse argument of the pietie hereof are the many Monasteries Abbeys and Religious houses that have been placed in this Countrey which whilest they retained their owne state and magnificence were great ornaments unto it but since their dissolution and that the teeth of time which devoures all things have eaten into them they are become like dead carkasses leaving onely some poore ruines and remaines alive as reliques to posteritie to shew of what beautie and magnificence they have beene Such was the Abbey of Whitby founded by Lady Hilda daughter of the grand childe unto King Edwine Such was the Abbey built by Bolton which is now so razed and laid levell with the earth as that at this time it affords no appearance of the former dignitie Such was Kirkstall Abbey of no small account in time past founded in the yeere of Christ 1147. Such was the renowned Abbey called S. Maries in Yorke built and endowed with rich livings by Alan the third Earle of little Britaine in Armerica but since converted into the Princes House and is called The Mannour Such the wealthy Abbey of Fountaines built by Thurstin Arch-bishop of Yorke Such the famous Monastery founded in the Primitive Church of the East-Saxons by Wilfrid Arch-bishop of Yorke and enlarged being fallen down and decayed by Odo Arch-bishop of Canterbury Such was Drax a Religious House of Chanons Such that faire Abbey built by King William the Conquerour at Selby where his son Henry the first was born in memory of Saint German who happily confuted that contagious Pelagian Heresie which oftentimes grew to Serpentine head in Britaine These places for Religion erected with many more within this Provinciall Circuit and consecrated unto holy purposes shew the Antiquitie and how they have been sought unto by confluences of Pilgrimes in their manner of devotions The mists of which superstitious obscurities are since cleared by the pure light of the Gospell revealed and the skirts of Idolatry unfolded to her own shame and ignominie And they made subject to the dissolution of Times serving onely as antique monuments and remembrances to the memory of succeeding Ages 8 Many places of this Province are famoused as well by Name being naturally fortunate in their situation as for some other accidentall happinesse befallen unto them Halifax famous as well for that Iohannes de sacro Bosco Author of the Sphere was born there and for the law it hath against stealing and for the greatnesse of the Parish which reckoneth in it eleven Chappels whereof two be Parish Chappels and in them to the number of twelve thousand people YORK SHIRE Pomfret is famous for the Site as being seated in a place so pleasant that it brings forth Liquorice and great plentie of Skiriworts but it is infamous for the murther and bloodshed of Princes The Castle whereof was built by Hildebert Lacy a Norman to whom William the Conquerour gave this Towne after Alrick the Saxon was thrust out of it 9 But I will forbeare to be prolixe or tedious in the particular memoration of places in a Province so spacious and onely make a compendious relation of Yorke the second Citie of England in Latine called Eboracum and Eburacum by Ptolemy Brigantium the chief Citie of the Brigants by Ninnius Caer Ebrauc by the Britaines Caer Effroc and by the Saxons Euor-ric and Eofor-ric The British History reports that it took the name of Ebrauc that founded it but some others are of opinion that Eburacum hath no other derivation then from the River Ouse running thorow it It over-masters all the other places of this Countrey for fairenesse and is a singular ornament and safeguard to all the North parts A pleasant place large and full of magnificence rich populous and not onely strengthened with fortifications but adorned with beautifull buildings as well private as publike For the greater dignitie thereof it was made an Episcopall See by Constantius and a Metropolitane Citie by a Pall sent unto it from Honorius Egbert Arch-bishop of Yorke who flourished about the yeere seven hundred fortie erected in it a most famous Library Richard the third repaired the Castle thereof being ruinous and King Henry the eight appointed a Councell in the same to decide and determine all the causes and Controversies of the North-parts according to equitie and conscience which Counsell consisteth of a Lord President certaine Counsellers at the Princes pleasure a Secretary and other Vnder-officers The originall of this Citie cannot be fetcht out but from the Romanes seeing the Britains before the Romanes came had no other towns then woods fenced with trenches and rampiers as Caesar and Strabo doe testifie And that it was a Colonie of
Wynander-mere CVMBERLAND CHAPTER XLIIII CUMBERLAND the farthest North-west Province in this Realme of ENGLAND confronteth upon the South of Scotland and is divided from that Kingdome partly by the River Kirsop then crossing Eske by a Tract thorow Solome-Mosse untill it come to the Solwaye Frith by Ptolemie called the Itune Baye The North-west part is neighboured by Northumberland more East-ward with Westmerland the South with Lancashire and the West is wholly washed with the Irish Sea 2 The forme whereof is long and narrow pointing wedge-like into the South which part is altogether pestred with copped hils and therefore hath the name of Cop-land The middle is more levell and better inhabited yeelding sufficient for the sustenance of man but the North is wilde and solitary combred with hils as Cop-land is 3 The Ayre is piercing and of a sharpe temperature and would be more biting were it not that those high hils breake off the Northerne stormes and cold falling snowes 4 Notwithstanding rich is this Province and with great varieties thereof is replenished the hils though rough yet smile upon their beholders spread with sheepe and cattle the vallies stored with grasse and corne sufficient the sea affordeth great store of fish the land over-spread with varietie of fowles and the rivers feed a kinde of Muskle that bringeth forth Pearle where in the mouth of the Irt as they lie gaping and sucking in dew the Country people gather and sell to the Lapidaries to their owne little and the buyers great gaine But the Mines Royall of Copper whereof this Country yeeldeth much is for use the richest of all the place is at Keswick and Newland where likewise the Black Lead is gotten whose plentie maketh it of no great esteeme otherwise a commoditie that could hardly be missed 5 The ancient Inhabitants knowne to the Romans were the Brigantes whom Ptolemie disperseth into Westmerland Richmond Durham Yorke-shire and Lancashire But when the Saxons had over-borne the Britaines and forced them out of the best to seeke their resting amongst the vast Mountaines these by them were entred into where they held play with those enemies maugre their force and from them as Marianus doth witnesse the Land was called Cumber of those Kumri the Britaines But when the State of the Saxons was sore shaken by the Danes this Cumberland was accounted a Kingdome it self for so the flower-gatherer of Westminster recordeth King Edmund saith he with the helpe of Leoline Prince of South-Wales wasted all Cumberland and having put out the eyes of the two sonnes of Dunmail King of that Province granted that Kingdome unto Malcolm King of Scots whereof their eldest sonnes became Prefects This Province King Stephen to purchase favor with the Scots what time he stood in most need of aide confirmed by gift under their Crowne which Henry the Second notwithstanding made claime unto and got as Newbrigensis writeth and laid it againe in the Marches of England since when many bickerings betwixt these Nations herein have hapned but none so sore against the Scotish side as was that at Sollome-Mosse where their Nobilitie disdaining their Generall Oliver Sinclere gave over the Battle and yeelded themselves to the English which dishonour pierced so deeply into the heart of King Iames the fifth that for griefe thereof he shortly after died 6 Many memorable Antiquities remaine and have beene found in this County for it being the Confines of the Romans Possessions was continually secured by their Garrisons where remain at this day parts of that admirable wall built by Severus also an other Fortification from Werkinton to Elns Mouth upon the Sea-shore toward Ireland by Stilico raised when under Theodosius he suppressed the rage of the Picts and Irish and freed the Seas of the Saxons Pyrats Vpon Hardknot hill Moresby Old Carleil Papcastle along the Wall and in many other places their ruines remaine with Altars and Inscriptions of their Captaines and Colonies whereof many have beene found and more as yet lie hid 7 The chiefest Citie in this Shire is Carlile pleasantly seated betwixt the Rivers Eden Petterell and Caud by the Romans called Luguzallum by Beda Luell by Ptolemie Leucopibia by Ninius Caer-Lualid and by us Carlile This Citie flourishing under the Romans at their departure by the furious outrages of the Scots and Picts was dejected yet in the dayes of Egfrid King of Northumberland was walled about but again defaced by the over-running Danes lay buried in her owne ashes the space of two hundred yeers upon whose ruines at length Rufus set his compassionate eye and built there the Castle planting a Colony of Flemings to secure the Coasts from the Scots but upon better advisement removed them into Wales After him Henry his brother and successour ordained this Citie for an Episcopall See whose site is placed in the degree of Longitude from the first West part 17. and 2. scruples and the Pole thence elevated from the degree of Latitude 55. and 56. scruples 8 West from hence at Burgh upon the sand was the fatall end of our famous Monarch King Edward the First who there leaving his Warres unfinished against Scotland left his troubles and soone missed life to his untimely and soone lamented death 9 And at Salkelds upon the River Eden a Monument of seventie seven stones each of them ten foot high above ground and one of them at the entrance fifteene as a Trophie of Victory was erected These are by the By-dwellers called Long Megge and her Daughters 10 This County as it stood in the fronts of assaults so was it strengthned with 25. Castles and preserved with the prayers as then was thought of the Votaries in the houses erected at Carlile Lenecoft Wetherall Holme Daker and Saint Bees These with others were dissolved by King Henry the eight and their revenewes shadowed under his Crowne but the Province being freed from charge of subsidie is not therefore divided into Hundreds in the Parliament Rowles whence we have taken the divisions of the rest onely this is observed that therein are seated nine Market-Townes fiftie eight Parish-Churches besides many other Chappels of ease CUMBERLAND AND THE ANCIENT CITIE CARLILE DESCRIBED WITH MANY MEMORABLE AN TIQVITIES THEREIN FOUND OBSERVED A TABLE of all the Towns in Cumberland A Acton Aglionby Aldby Alhollowes Alne Flu. Alme Allonby Alonby Alwarby Ancautre Kirk Ander Anstable Arladon Armanthwat castle Armanthwat Armebath Artruth Askerton castle Aspatre Austermore B Kirk Banton Little Banton Bardsey hall Barrenwood Parke Basmthauate Beamont S. Bees head S. Bees Bekermond Bew-castle Birtby Black-band Black-hall Blek-hall Blencongey Blenge Flu. Blenkerne Blynroser Blenrake Bodell Bolton Borrodale Boulnesse Bowtell Brakenthwar Braken hill BRAMPTON Brathwate Brathwate S. Brides Bridgeham Bridekirk Brisco Brodwater Bronelston Brounrig Brumfeild Bucknes Burds wold Burgh kirke Burnes Bustwath hill C Cambek Flu. Kirk Cambok Cammerton Cander Canda Flu. Cannonby Cardew Cardronok Carlton Carleton Carleton CARLILE Castle
certain times riseth and falleth after the manner of Sea-tides 9 In the South part of this Country divided from the rest is a place in some written Copies of Antonine called Bovium which we now terme Banchor first a City and afterwards a Monastery of famous memory and the first that is read of in the world wherein as Beda saith were a great number of Monkes and them divided into seven Companies every one having his severall Ruler assigned None of these Companies had lesse then three hundred persons devoted to prayer and to get living by their owne labour for themselves and the poore although it hath long since been utterly ruinate so as now there is scarce seene the face and outward shew of a dead Citie or Monastery It hath only the names of two Gates remaining one standing a mile distant from another and betwixt which the River Dee now runneth where are oftentimes found many peecâ—s of Roman Coine and other tokens of antiquity But of these shall be more mention made in the following History Another like Monastery but of lesser accompt stood in the Vale beneath Varis a little Citie placed by the Romans in the confines of this Shire and Denbigh-shire and upon the Banke of Elwy and Cluyd This the Britaines call Llan-Elwy of the River the Englishmen Asaph of the Founder and the Historiographers Asaphensis It is more famoused for antiquity then for building or bravery for about the yeare 560. Kentigern Bishop of Glasco being sled hither out of Scotland placed here a Bishops See and erected a Monastery gathering together 663. in a religious brotherhood whereof three hundred that were unlearned gave themselves to husbandry and to worke within the Monastery the rest to prayer and meditations When he returned into Scotland he ordained Asaph a godly and upright man to be Governour over this Monastery of whom it took the name and is called Saint Asaphs Another Monastery of great account was at Basingwarke in this County neere unto which began that admirable Ditch drawne thence unto the mouth of Severne by King Offa the Tract whereof I have expressed thorow this Shire and will further speake thereof in the following History 10 This Shire is divided into five Hundreds fortified with seven Castles hath only one Market-Town and twenty eight Parishes in which there is continuall celebration of divine Service FLINT-SHIRE ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes Rivers and memorable places mentioned in Flint-shire HUNDREDS in Flint-shire 1. MOuld 2. Mailers 3. Rudland 4. Prestrattyn 5. Coleshill A Alen. Alen Flu. S. Asaph Llan Asaphe B Bangor Basingwarke Bottesley Broughton Bruerton Burton C CAIER Wâ—S Cluyn Flu. Combe Cornish D Darland Greene. Demyrchion Nether Droitwiche Over Droitwiche Dyffyrdwy or Dee Flu. Dyssart E Escoyte Hall F Fens Hall Flint G Gronant Gulgrave Gwenusker H Hanmere Harden Castle Haulton Holiwell Horsheath K Kilken Kinnerton M Maghegreg Meliden Merford Molde Moston N Nannarch Chapell Nerquoyes Northop O Clawdh Offa or Offas ditch Old parke Orton madok P Penley Chappell Potruthan Potuary Prestatin R Relusnoyde Rudland Castle S Sevion Flu. Skiviog T Tegidog Flu. Talarkrey Treer Castle Trethyn Trevealen W Wheler Flu. Whitford Whitwell Chappell Willington Worthenbury Y Yowley Castle Yowley Hill CAERNARVON-SHIRE CHAPTER XIIII CAernarvon-shire in Welsh Sire Ca-er-ar-von so called because it is just over against Anglesey which the Britaines call Mon and in coÌ„position was termed also Snowden Forrest before Wales was laid into Shires the North-side whereof and the West buttâ—th upon the Irish-Sea the South-side is inclosed with Merioneth and the East with Denbigh-shires from which it is severed by the River Conwey 2 The forme thereof is much like a wedge long and narrow toward the South and growing still wider towards the North so that from Pevenkel-point South-ward to Orâ—s-head-point North-ward are fortie Miles from the River Conwey East-ward to the River Llenoy West-ward Miles twenty and the whole circumference one hundred and ten Miles 3 The Ayre is sharpe and piercing by reason that the Countrey hath not naturall provision to ensconce her self against the extremity of winds and weather but especially as may be thought through the continuance of the Snow on the hills which also exclude the Sunnes aspect and warmth 4 The soile cannot be much commended for the fertility except those parts of the Sea-coasts which lye on the West toward Ireland but for the heart of this Shire it is altogether mountainous as if Nature had a purpose here by rearing up these craggy hills so thicke together strongly to compact the joynts or this our Iland aud to frame the Inland part thereof for a â—it place of refuge to the Britaines against those times of adversity which afterward did fall upon them for no Armie though never so strongly or scarce any Travellers though never so lightly appointed can find passage among those so many rough and hard Rockes so many Vales and Pooles here and there crossing all the wayes as ready obstacles to repell any inroades of forraine assailants These Mountaines may not unfitly be termed the British Alpes as being the most vaste of all Britaine and for their steepnesse and cragginesse not unlike to those of Italy all of them to wring up into the Ayre and round encompassing one farre higher then all the rest peculiarly called Snowdon-Hill though the other likewise in the same sense are by the Welsh termed Craig Eriry as much as Snowy Mountaines taking their name as doth by Plinies testimony Niphates in Armenia and Imaus in Scythia For all the yeare long these lye mantelled over with Snow hard crusted together though otherwise for their height they are open and lyable both to the Sunne to dissolve them and the winds to over-sweep them 5 The ancient Inhabitants of this Country were the Ordovices of whom we have sufficiently spoken in the description of the former Provinces neither need I insist either upon the pleasures or profits that this Country yeeldeth by reason of the great affinity it hath both of Climate and Commodities with Denbigh-shire and Flint-shire before mentioned But this beyond the other in some places breeds certaine Shel-fishes which being conceived by an heavenly dew bring forth Pearles in ancient times more reckoned of then now they are 6 Touching places of note that City is very ancient which the Emperour Antonine calleth Segontium taking name of a River running by which at this day is called Seioni some reliques of the walls whereof doe yet appeare neere unto a little Church consecrated to the honour of Saint Publicius This City Ninnius calleth Caer Custenith which some interpret the City of Constantine Indeed Mathew Westminster saith how true I know not that Anno 1283. here was found the body of Constantius Father to great Constantine which King Edward the first caused to be sumptuously bestowed in the
Church of the new City which he raised out of the ruines of the old and is now called Caernarvon which giveth name to this whole Shire The Towne it selfe yeeldeth a most excellent prospect towards the Sea and is incompassed in a manner round with the walls of the Castle so as we may say it is a City within a Castle which taketh up the whole West-side of it and great pity it is that so famous a worke should not be perpetuous or ever become the ruin of time which is much feared for the mercilesse underminings of the Sea that with her daily and forcible irruptions never ceaseth to wash away the foundations of the key The people of this Towne are well approved for courtesie and also Civill Government which is administred by the Constable of the Castle who is ever Major by Patent having the assistance of one Alderman two Bailiffes two Sergeants at Mace and one Town-Clerke The Townesmen doe not a little glory that King Edward the second was borne there in a Tower of the Castle called Eagle-Tower and surnamed of Caer-nar-von he being the first Prince of Wales of the English line The site of this Towne according to Mathematicall observation is in the degree of Longitude 15. and 50. scruples from the first West-point and the Pole elevated in Latitude 53. and 50. Bangor the Bishops See though it be now but a small Towne yet was it in times past so large that for the greatnesse therof it was called Banchor Vaur that is Great Banchor which Hugh Earle of Chester fortified with a Castle But it hath been long since utterly ruinated and laid levell with the ground insomuch as there is not any footing to be found or other monuments left thereof although they have been sought with all diligent enquiry This Bishops See hath within the Dioces ninety six Parishes But the ancient Church which was consecrated unto Daniel sometime Bishop thereof was defaced and set on fire by that notorious Rebell Owen Glendowerdwy who had a purpose also to destroy all the Cities of Wales for that they stood for the King of England And though the same Church was since repaired about the time of King Henry the seventh yet hath it scarce recovered the resemblance of her former dignity The River Conwey which limiteth this Shire on the East-side is in Ptolemy by corruption or ignorance of Transcribers called Toisovius in stead of Cononius whence Canonium a Town mentioned by Antonine took name and albeit both it and its name be now utterly extinct yet is there a covert remembrance thereof in the new name of a poore Village standing among the rubbish thereof called Caer-hean that is The ancient City Out of the spoyle whereof K. Edward the first built a new Towne at the Rivers mouth termed thereupon Aber-Conwey that is the mouth of Conwey which being formerly fortified by Hugh of Chester and strongly situated and fenced both with wals and a faire Castle by the Rivers side deserves rather the name of a City then a Town if it were more populous and traffiqued with Inhabitants Neither must I here forget Newin though but a small Market-Towne for that it pleased the English Nobles Anno 1284. to honour it and the memory of King Arthur with triumphant celebrity after they had subdued the rebellious Ring-leaders of Wales 7 Other matters of memorable note this Countrey affordeth not much unlesse perhaps this That just over against the River Conwey where it issueth into the sea there sometime stood an ancient City named Diganwey which many yeares ago was consumed by lightning and so made utterly desolate as many other monuments have been of ancient and worthy memory As likewise that in the Poole Lin-Peris there is a kind of Fish called there Torcoch having a red belly no where else seene For touching these two other miracles famoused by Giraldus and Gervasius that on those his high Hills there are two Pooles called the Meares the one of which produceth great store of fish but all having only one eye and in the other there is a moveable iland which as soone as a man treadeth on it forthwith floateth a great way off whereby the Welsh are said to have often scaped and deluded their enemies assailing them these matters are out of my Creed and yet I think the Reader had rather beleeve them then to go to see whether it be so or no. It is traded with five Market-Towns fit for bargaining buying selling fortified with four Castles and hath sixty eight Parish-churches in it where the Inhabitants concurre and meet together for the celebration of divine Service CAERNARVON BOTH SHYRE AND Shire-towne with the ancient Citie BANGOR described Anno Domini 16â—0 ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes Rivers and memorable places mentioned in Caernarvon-Shire A ABERCONWY Abereach Apennant B BANGOR Bardesey Iland Bednell Bedskrethlim Bedsyllin Bethkelert Bettus Seyrionython Bettus Garmon Botunog Bodvean Bodverin Chappel Braychypult point Bryncrois Brimmoyle Brynyryn C Caier Ierienrode Caierhean CARNARVAN Carngugh Chappel Carrog Flu. Carodinbill-rocke Clenoguaure Clenunay Conwy Flu. Llyn Coulwyd D Daren Flu. Castle Delbadern Dinas Orveg Dinas Dynlle Llyn Dolathelan Dolathelan Castle Dolbemer Dowye Gonulchy E Earch Flu. Edarne Eglos-rosse Saint Elyn F Funnon Llegoe G Gastell Flu. Girch Flu. Guffin Flu. Guffin Gwely Flu. Gwelyn Island Gwider K Saint Katherins Kenhayerne Chappell Kerig Chappell Keveamulch Kreky the Castle Kydeo L Llanaber Llanarmon Llanbeblin Llanbedro Llanbeder Llanberis Llyn Llanberis Llancastyn Llandaguinnim Llandidno Llandidwen Llandigaio Llandrighla Llandurog Llangeby Llangedol Chappell or Pentire Llangenvill Chappell Llanghennyn Llangustennyn Llanken Llanlledhyd Llanlleveny Llannor Llanpenmachno Llanrughwen Llannyhangle Enreage Llanihangle Maghholet Llannunda Llanyngan Llanstidwy Llanthaniolen Llanvaier vachan Llanvaier Iskaer Llanvaie Irise Llanvaglan Llanvylhayrne Lledder Flu. Lleggy Flu. Llenony Flu. Lloinderis Glyn Llynan Llynan Flu. Llyndothadern Llynhaladoylen Llynkeggil Llynmumber Llyntrevennin Llynnydulyn Llynyga M Madryn Mapanab May Flu. Mercrosse Island Mildeyrne Monithnuehill N Nangunadle Naulle NEWIN O Ogwen Chappell Ormeshead point P Penlleache Penmen maur Penmen bychan Pen morvay Penry Penryn Penvenkle point Pistill Porlerit Flu. Porthathuferye PUL LHELY R Rhiw Ryvill Hill S Saint Flu. Sinadon Castle Snowdown Hill Stidwell Island T Teduelion Thenuio Traythe Maur. Trevelis Tycomer point ANGLESEY CHAPTER XV. ANGLESEY was in the time of the Romanes called Mona by the Britains Mon and Tir-Mon that is the Land of Mon of the ancient English Saxons Moneg And at last after the Englishmen had by their sharp and severall assaults brought it under their rule and became Lords thereof it was termed Anglesey as one would say The Englishmens Island 2 For an Island it is albeit it be severed from the Continent of Britaine but with a small and narrow straight of the River Menai and on all other parts beaten upon with the surging and troublous Irish sea in which it lieth somwhat square-wise
it is that the Scots first received the doctrine of Christ in this Kingdom of Ireland for thus writeth Prosper Coelestine Pope of Rome sent his Archdeacon Palladius into Britain to withstand the Pelagian heresie who at one time did drive out these enemies of grace and ordained a Bishop among the Scots Wherby that barbarous Nation embraced Christianity Yet Ninius reporteth that Palladius did nothing in neither being taken away by untimely death but that S. Patricke borne at Eiburne in Cluedsdale the son of Calphurus by the sister of S. Martin was the first Apostle for Ireland who sowed his heavenly seede with such plentifull increase that the soyle it selfe shortly was called Sanctorum patria the Country of Saints for whose Sepulchre after his death rose as great variance as was for Homer among them of Greece they of Downe challenged his grave to be with them upon certaine verses written on a Tombe which ascribes Patricke Briget and Columbe to be buried therein they of Armagh lay claime by the warrant of S. Bernard who saith that Patricke in his life time there ruled and after death there rested Glascenbury in England by ancient records will have his body interred with them and Scotland avoucheth his birth to be at Glasco and bones to rest at Kirk Patricke with them of such reverend esteeme was this Irish Apostle 23 This Patricke in his youth had been taken captive by the Irish Pirats and for sixe years continuance served Macbuain as his slave and keeper of his swine in which dejected condition so desirous he was of the Lands salvation that in his dreames he thought the infants unborne cried unto him for Baptisme and redeeming himselfe thence for a piece of gold found in the field which a swine had turned up in his aged years came back againe into Ireland preached the Gospel converted the people and lastly became Arch-bishop of Armagh Of whose miâ—â—cles and Purgatorie I leave others to speake that are mâ—re credulous in the one and have better leisure to relate the other and will shew thee Ireland as now it is first in generall and then in parts THis Province called in Irish Mown in a more ordinary construction of speech Wown in Latine Momonis and in English Mounster lyeth open South-ward to the Vergâ—vian Sea North-ward it affronteth part of Counaught The East is neighboured by Leinster and the West is altogether washed with the West Ocean 2 The length thereof extended from Ballatimore Bay in her South unto the Bay of Galway in her North are about ninetie miles Her broadest part from East to West is from Waterford Haven to Feriter Haven and containeth an hundred miles The whole circumference by following the promâ—taries and indents are above five hundred and fortie miles 3 The forme thereof is quadrant or foure-square The aire milde and temperate neither too chilling cold nor too scorching hot The soyle in some parts is hilly looking aloft with woody wilde and solitary mountaines yet the vallies below are garnished with corne-fields And generally all both pleasant for sight and fertile for soyle 4 This Province is at this day divided into two parts that is the West Mounster and the South Mounster The West Mounster was inhabited in old time by the Luccui the Velabri and the Vicrim the South Mounster by the Oudiae or Vodiae and the Coriondi The Velabri and Luceni are said by Orosius to have dwelt in that part of the Countrey where it lyeth outmost Westward and passing towards the Cantabrian Ocean looketh afarre off to Gallitia in Spaine The Luceni of Ireland who seeme to have derived their name and originall from the Lucensii of Gallitia and of whom there still remaine some reliques in the Barony of Lyxnauw are supposed to have been seated in those parts that lie neighbouring upon the banke of the River Shennon 5 The generall commodities of this Province are Cornâ— Cattle Wood Wooll and Fish The last whereof it affords in every place plentie and abundance of all sorts But none so well knowne for the store of Herrings that are taken there as is the Promontorie calâ—ed Eraugh that hâ— betweene Bantre and Ballatimore Bay whereunto every yeare a great Fleet of Spaniards and Portugals resort even in the middest of Winter to fish also for Gods 6 The principall Citie of the Province is Limericke which the Irish call Lowneagh compassed about with the famous River Shennon by the parting of the Channell This is a Bishops See and the very Mart-Towne of Mounster It was first wonne by Reymond le Grosse an Englishman afterwards burnt by Dunewald an Irish petty King of Thuetmond Then in processe of time Philip Breos an Englishman was inâ—â—offed in it and King Iohn fortified it with a Castle which he caused therein to be built In this Castle certaine Hostages making their abode in the yeare 1332. grew as is reported so full of pride and insolencie that they slew the Constable thereof and seized the Castle into their own hands But the resolute Citizens that could neither brooke nor beare with such barbarous crueltie did in revenge then shew such manly courage and vivacitie as they soone after recovered the Castle againe repaying the Hostages in such hostile manner as that they put them all to the sword without partialitie The position of this Towne is by Mercator placed for Latitude 53. degrees 20. minutes and for Longitude 9. degrees and 34. minutes Neere unto the River that Ptolemy calleth Daucona and Giraldus Cambreâ—sis by the alteration of some few letters nameth Sauranus and Sauarenus which issueth â—ut of Muskerey Mountaines is seated the Citie Corke graced also with another Episcopall dignitie and with the Bishops See of Clon annexed unto it which Giraldus calleth Corragia the Englishmen Corke and the native Inhabitants of the Countrey Corcach This Towne is so beset on every side with neighbouring moleâ—tâ—rs as that they are still constrained to keepâ— watch and ward as it there lay continuall siege against it The Citizens of this place are all linkt together in some one or other degree of affinitie for that they dare not match their daughters in marriage into the Countrey but make contracts of matrimony one with another among themselves In this place that holy and religious man Briock is said to have his birth and breeding who flourished among the Gaule in that fruitfull age of Christianitie and from whom the Diocesse of Sanbrioch in Britanie Armoriâ—a commonly called S. Brieu had the denomination 7 The Citie which the Irish and Britaines call Porthlargy and the English Waterford though it be last in place yet is it not least in account as being the second Citie of all Ireland as well for the convenience and commodiousnesse of the Haven that affords such necessary aptitude for trade and traâ—â—ique
then is any other part of the Island besides 7 Historians relating of Ireland tell of severall Islands in the severall Provinces some full of Angels some full of Devils some for male only some for female some where none may live some where none can dye and such effects of trees stones and waters that a man but of easie conceit may well esteeme them as heedlesse as uncertaine So also S. Patrickes Purgatory a thing of much note in the Tract of this Province is a vault or narrow cave in the ground neere a Lake called Erne Lyffer much spoken of by reason of I wot not what fearfull walking spirits and dreadfull apparitions or rather some religious horrour which as some ridiculously dreame was digged by Vlysses when hee went downe to parley with those in hell This is the cave which the Inhabitants in these dayes call Ellan u ' Frugadory that is The Isle of Purgatory and S. Patricks Purgatory for some persons lesse devout then credulous affirme that S. Patricke or rather Patricius Secundus an holy Abbot of that name labouring the conversion of the people of this Province and much inforcing the life to come they replyed contemptuously unto him that unlesse they saw proofes of those joyes and paines he preached they would not lose the possession of their present pleasures in hope or feare of things to come they wist not when Whereupon as they say he obtained at Gods hands by earnest prayer that the punishments and torments which the godlesse are to suffer after this life might be there presented to the eye that so he might more easily root out the sins and heathenish errors that stuck so fast in the hearts of the Irish. But touching the credit hereof although common fame and some records do utter it I neither will urge the beliefe nor regard seeing it is no Article of our Creed 8 Matters memorable within this Province are these first that the Bishops of Ireland were wont to be consecrated by the Arch-bishop of Canterbury in regard of the Primacie which they had in this country untill such time as Iohn Papirio a Cardinall was sent thither from Pope Eugeniusâ—he â—he fourth to reform Ecclesiastical discipline in this Iland which was then growne so loose that there were translations and pluralities of Bishops according to the will and pleasure of the Metropolitane Also that the Irish-men were accustomed to leave and forsake their wedded wives at their owne free-willes whereof Lanfranck Arch-bishop of Canterbury complained unto Therdeluac a King of Ireland And had not this Nation been corrupted with this vice even unto these our dayes both the right of lineall succession had been more certaine among them and the Gentry and Comminalty had not in such cruelties imbrued themselves with such effusion of their owne kindreds bloud about their inheritances and legitimation 9 The principall place in this Tract is Armagh neare unto the River Kalin which albeit it maketh a poor shew is the Archiepiscopall See and Metropolitane of the whole Island Before S. Patricke had built there a faire City for site forme quantity and compasse modelled out as he saith by the appointment and direction of Angels this place was named Drumsalich the Irish tel much that it received the name of Queene Armacha but the better opinions are that it is the same which Bedâ— calleth Dearmach and out of the Scottish and Irish language interpreteth it The Field of Oakes Here as S. Bernard writeth S. Patricke the Apostle of Ireland ruled in his life-time and rested after death in honour of whom it was of such venerable estimation in old time that not only Bishops and Priests but Kings also and Princes were in general subject to the Metropolitane therof in all obedience and to his government alone Among the Arch-bishops of this Province S. Malachy is famoused who first prohibited Priests marriage in Ireland and as S. Bernard saith who wrote his life at large borrowed no more of the native barbarousnesse of that Country then Sea-fishes do saltnesse of the Seas Also Richard Fitz-Ralf commonly called Armachanus is of famous memory who turning the edge of his stile about the yeare 1355. began to oppose his opinion against the Order of Mendicant Fryers as detesting in Christians such voluntary begging The chiefe Fort in this Tract is Enis Kelling defended by the Rebels in the yeare 1593. and won by Dowdall a most valiant Captain neere unto which is a great downfall of water termed The Salmon-Leape of which there is a common speech currant among the Inhabitants that is was once firme ground very populous and well husbanded with tillage till it was suddenly over-flowne with waters and turned into a Lake for some filthy abominable acts of the people against Nature committed with beasts 10 The places of Religion sequestred from other worldly services and consecrated to holy purposes erected in this Province were The Abbey which sheweth it selfe at Donegal The Monastery of Derie where the Irish Rebell Shane O-Neal received such an overthrow by Edward Randolph renowned for his service in the behalf of his Country that he could never after recover the losse he sustained at that time The Monastery neere unto the River Liffer The famous Monastery at the Bay of Knockfergus of the same institution name and order as was that ancient Abbey in England neere unto Chester called Banchor Also Mellifont Abbey founded by Donald a King of Vriel and much commended by S. Bernard And lastly the most renowned Monastery built as Armagh in the yeare of our Salvation 610. out of which very many Monasteries were afterwards propagate both in Britaine and Ireland These places were farre and neere frequented and sought unto by great confluences of Pilgrims till Time proved their devotions to be erronious and the pure light of the Word revealed opening the eyes of their understanding hath taught them to shake oft the shame of such Superstitions 11 That the people of this County might be kepth within the bounds of their duty this Province hath been secured with fifty six Castles and Forts and for trade of commerce nine Market-Townes appointed being divided into these Counties ensuing Counties Dunghall or Tyr connell Nether Tyrone Monaghan Downe Fermanagh Colrane Armagh Vpper Tyrone Cavan Antrim Lough THE PROVINCE ULSTER described The Division of VLSTER 1. DVnghall or Tyr connell 2. Vpper Tyrone 3. Nether Tyrone 4. Fermanagh 5. Cavan 6. Mcnaghan 7. Colrane 8. Antrim 9. Downe 10 Armagh 11. Lough A Knock-Aboy Vpper Tyrone Aendone Monag The Aggnes Antrim Agher Monag Lough Aghre Down Aghren Ant. Aghugh Arm. Agnaderry Down Almore Dun. Altyne ella Col. Anaghalome Down Aneregan Dun. Angwis rocke Down Anogh Col. Castle Antrim Ant. Aperby hill Ant. ARDEE Lough Ardtra Nether Tyr. Arglas Down Arglas haven Down Mac Argum Down Arkine Castle Down ARMAGH Arm. Castle Arnish Arm. The North Isles of Arran Dun. Ashrow Mac
ibid. Brecknock-shire how bounded 109.1 Why so named ibid. The dimension of it 109 2 The nature of the soyle 3 By whom inhabited in old time 4 In Brecknock-shire what Hundreds Townes and memorable places 110 Brecknocke Towne and Castle how seated 109.6 The graduation of it Ibid How governed Ibid. Brigantes in England where seated 75.5 79.4 87.5 83.5 85.5 Brigantes or Birgantes in Ireland whence they tooke name 141.4 Saint Brigid much esteemed in Kildare 141.8 Saint Brioch or Brien a Town in Britain Armorica whence it had denomination 139.6 Saint Briochus where borne and bred 139.6 Bristow a beautifull Citie 23.7 47.8 A County by it selfe 23.7 47.8 How governed 23.7 Great Britaine how far it extends 1.2 The greatest Island of the Roman world ibid. What Countries abut upon it 1.3 Her Eulogies 1.3 4 The site thereof 1.2 Sometime no Island 1.6 Slenderly known to Iulius Caesar 2.8 Divided into Kingdoms in Caesars time 2.9 The supposed divisiō thereof to Brutus three sonnes 2.10 Britaine into three parts divided 99.1 Britaine the lesse in Ptolemy is Ireland 2.11 Britaine great and lesse how to be taken 2.12 Britaine the higher what it is in Dio 2.13 Britaine the lower what it is in Dio ibid. Britaine divided by Severus into two Provinces higher and lower 2.13 Divided into three parts 2 14 Britannia prima secunda maxima Caesariensis 2.14 Britaine divided into five parts 2.15 Prima how limited 2.15 15 Secunda how bounded ibid. Maxima Caesariensis how limited 2.15 Britaine for greatnesse the second Island in the world 137.4 Britaines Conquest highly respected of the Romanes 2 17 Britaines triumph magnificent 2.17 Brittish Brickes 77.6 Brittish Islands which they be 1.3 Buckingham-shire why so called 43.1 How bounded 43.2 The dimension of it ibid. The aire and soile 43.3 The Commodities ibid. By whom in old time inhabited 43.4 Places of Religion therein 43.7 Hundreds Towns therein 44 Buckingham Town how seated 43.5 How governed ibid. The graduation of it ibid. Buleum Silurum 109.5 Bullingbroke the birth-place of King Henry the fourth 63 7 Bur◠a River in Norfolke 35 3 Burgheses 4.7 Burgh under Stanemore 85.8 The same that Vertera ibid. Busie-gap 89.13 Buxston Wells 67.8 C Caer-Caradoc why so called 71.5 Caer-diff the fairest Towne of all South-Wales 105.4 How governed ibid. The site thereof ibid. Caer-diff Castle where Robert Curthose was kept prisoner 105.4 Caer-digan shire how bounded 100.16 113.1 Townes Castles Cantreves and Commots therein 100.16 The County given to Gilbert de Clare 113.5 The forme and dimension thereof 113.2 Commodities thereof 113 4 Hundreds Townes Rivers c. in it 114 Caer-digan Towne upon Tivi 100.16 How seated and by whom fortified 113.7 The graduation thereof ibid. Caer-legion is Westchester 73 7 Caer-leon an Arch-bishops See 6 Caer-lheon upon Vske 110 20 Caer-marden shire how divided into Cantreves Commots 100.18 How it is bounded 103 1 The forme and aire of it 103.2 3 By whom in old time possessed 103 4 The Commodities it yeeldeth ibid. 5 Hundreds Townes c. in it 104 Roman Coyns there found 103.4 Carmarden town what names it hath 103.6 How governed 103.6 The position thereof ibid. Caernarvon-shire how bounded 99.9 123.1 What names it hath 123 1 The forme and dimension of it ibid. 2 The aire and soile ibid. 3 4 In it Pearls engendred 123 5 Cantreves and Commots in it 99.9 By what people in old time inhabited 123.5 Townes Rivers and memorable places 124. Caernarvon Towne or Citie within a Castle 123.6 The civilitie and government thereof 123.6 The position ibid. 99.9 Caer-Segont i. Carnarvon 99.9 Caesaria See Iersey Caledonia Wood in Scotland 123.12 Caledonium or Deucaledonium Sea 99.1 Caledonii 2.12 Calphurnius Father of Saint Patricke 101.7 Camalet Hill in Sommersetshire 23.10 Camalodunum See Malden Cambria Cambri Cambraoc 99.2 Cambridge-shire how named by the Saxons 37.1 How bounded ibid. The length bredth and circumference of it 37.2 Whence it came to be so called 37.4 What Religious houses therein 37.3 Commodities thereof 37 6 Hundreds and Townes therein 38 Cambridge towne and graduation 37.4 Made an Vniversitie ibid. Came a River in Cambridge-shire 37.3 Candal See Kendal Cangi where they inhabited 37.5 Canterbury a very ancient Citie 7.8 The glory and graduation of it 7. ◠Canterburie Arch-bishop Primate of all England 6.7 Metropolitane and his jurisdiction 5.4 King Canute with his Danes overthrowne 17.4 Canutus Delfe See Swords Delfe 57.1 Caractacus a valiant British Prince 71.5 Caresbrooke Castle in the Isle of Wight 15.7 The position or graduation of it ibid. At Carleton in Leicester-shire they wharle in their speech 61.2 Carlilo Citie how seated 87 7 An Episcopall See 87.7 What names it had 87.7 A Colony of Flemmings ibid. The Castle built ibid. The position thereof ibid. Carreg Castle 103.7 Caruca and Carucata what it is 57.3 Casquets what rockes 94.3 Casterford 78.10 Called Legeolium ibid. Cassii what people and where planted 39.4 Castle Cornet in Garnsey 94.8 Castor in Norfolke sometime Venta Icenorum 35.5 Catarick or Cattrick bridge an ancient place 79 7 Cattieuchlani where seated 39.4 41.4 43.4 Catigern slaine in Battle 7 11 A Cave or Chinke yeelding a strange noise 105.6 Cauci people in Ireland 104 4 Ceangi See Cangi Ceaulin defeated by the Britaines dieth in exile 25 6 Robert Cecil the worthy Earle of Salisbury 25.7 Centuriatae or Hundreds why so called 57.3 Ceorle or Churle 4.7 Chamber in the Forrest 73 7 Charlos Duke of Orleance taken prisoner 9.8 Chersey in Buckingham-shire 43.4 Cheese in Essex 31 6 Cheese in Suffolke 33.5 Cheshire how bounded 73 1 The forme ayre and Climate 73.2 3 The soyle ibid. 4 Cheese there the best 73 4 The men described ibid. 5 Chiefe for men and women ibid. Alwayes true and loyall to their Soveraigne ibid. Their Gentry ibid. Made a Principalitie ibid. A Countie Palatine ibid. The Commodities thereof 73.7 Hundreds and Townes therein 74 Chester Citie alias West Chester 73.7 The Minster or Cathedrall Church by whom built 73.7 A Corporation of it selfe 73.7 The position thereof 73.7 Chester Earledome 73.8 Chester in the Street sometime Condercum 83.9 Chichester Citie 9.6 Chichester the Cathedrall Church built and twice burnt ibid. Chichester hath borne the title of an Earledome ibid. The position thereof ibid. Chiltern-hills 43.3 Chirke Castle in Chirkeland 100.12 Chorographicall Tombe of this worke 1.1 Christ his Passion cut in stone by David 2. King of Scots prisoner 65.7 Cidre See Sidre Cimenshore in Sussex why so called 9.7 Cinque Ports 7.5 Circester why called Passerum Vrbi 47.9 How named in old time ibid. Of what circuit in times past ibid. Cites or Kitescote the Monument of Catigern 7.11 Citie built Saint Cuthbert in Farne Isle 93 Clare County See Twomund Clawdh Offa. See Offa ditch Clausentium now Southampton 13.10 Cleicester where it stood 61.7 Cley a part of Nottinghamshire 65.7 Coccles on the top of Mountaines 79.6 Coinage in
Buckingham Recorders of Stafford Thomas Werswick Leichfield Iohn Rosse An. D. 606. An. D. 676. An. D. 718. An. 1148. Houses of Religion Castles Alton Carswall Chesterton Madeley Chatley Stafford Leichfield Tamworth Hely Newcastle Duddeley Tutbury Eccleshall The Saxonish names of this Shire The limits The forme Aire Soyle Severne Severne once the bounds of the North-Britaines Ordovices Caractacus Caer-Caradoc Cornavii This Shire a part of the Mercian Kingdome Henry the second Sir Hubert S. Clerc Henry Prince of Scotland King Stephen Shrop-shire the Marches of England and Wales King Henry the seaventh Prince Arthur King Henry the eight Shrewsbury the chiefe Towne Commodities Strength for warlike defence Magistracie Graduation Roxalter * Berry a Citie famous in Arthur dayes Castles 1. Whittenton 2. Ellismere 3. Oswestree 4. Wem 5. Red-castle 6. Morton-Corbeti 7. Knockin 8. Shrawerdon 9. Watlesburgh 10. Rowton 11. Brocard 12. Cause 13. Ponderbach 14. Atton-Burnell 15. Carleton 16. Dalaley 17. Tong. 18. Bridgnorth 19. Howgate 20. Bramcroft 21. Corsham 22. Clebery 23. Ludlow 24. Shipton 25. Hopton 26. Clâ—n 27 Newcastle 28. Bishopscastle 29. Bruges 30. Shrewesbury 31. Holgod 32. Lavemuste The borders of Chesse-shire The forme The Ayre and Climate The Soyle The ancient Inhabitants CORNAVII CANGI Tacit. Annal. lib. 12. cap. 8. * Chester Romans Saxons Annal. Britan. Cheshire made a Principality Nic. Trevet A. D. 1255. The Gentility of Chesse-shire Cheshire chiefe of men Cheshire women very faire Ranulph Cest. lib. 1. cap. 48. An. Do. 70. Hen. Bradshaw Chester described The Minster built Henry the 4. Emperour of Almaine buried in S. Wereburgs Eadesburg Finborow Eadgar triumph Marianuâ— Scotâ—â— Ioh Fik. Wil Malmes Ran. Higden Roger Hoven Alfrid Beverid Flores Hist. The Causey The Earles The confines Forme Dimensitie Ayre Soyle Commodities Woods carefully preserved in this Shire The old Inhabitantâ— Roman Saxon. Dane Norman Manchester Riblechester Lancaster more pleasant then full of people The grant of King Edward the third unto the Towne of Lancaster It is severed in some places by the force of the Sea Winander-mere It was last made subject to the West-Saxon Monarchy Arthur put to flight the Saxons Duke Wade put to the worst The civil wars of Yorke and Lancaster Their happy conjunction Castles Hundreds Market towns Parishes The benefits of Antiquitie Yorkeshire a great Province Mens affections most set to moderne matters Yorkeshire how bounded Full of Trees How bounded North. East West South Humber Yorkeshire divided West-Riding East-Riding North-Riding The Soile The Antiquities Columnes Altars Bricâ—es Abbeys Whitby Bolton Kirkstall S. Maries in Yorke Fountaines Monast. Saint Wilfrid Drax. Selby Causes of diminishing Church-livings Memorable places Halifax Pomfret Yorke Citie Yorke a pleasant Citie Egbert Arch-â—ishop of York Rich. the third Hen the eight Severus Empeâ—our Goddesse Bellona Constantius surnamed Chlorus Osbright and Ella Athâ—lstan The Citizens cost since Will. Conquerour The Magistracie of Yorke Citie The Battles Conisborough Aurelius Ambrosius Kirkstall Casterford Palme-Sunday Battle Lancastrians put to flight Places of other note Giggleswicke S. Wilfrids Needle Constantius Sepulchre An ancient Romane custome Yorkâ—shire delightfull The bounds of the West-Riding The Ayre The Sâ—yle Copper Lead Stone-Coale Lead-Oare Inhabitants Richmond the câ—iefe towne The occasion of building it Oswy King of Northumberland The Mâ—giâ—trâ—cie of Richmond The graduation Matters memorablâ— A Copper Mine Cockles on the top of the Mountaines Swale River Paulinus Archbishop of York Places of Antiquitie Bayntbridge Bowes or Levatrae A Thracian Cohort there Exploratores band there Spittle Maiden Castle Burgh Aurelius Commodus Statue Catarick Religious Houses Richmond Coverâ—ham Fois Ignorance Fâ—ith Castles Market towns The bounds of the North and East-Ridings The Aire The Soile and other Commodities Hâ—rrings Kingstone upon Hull Stock-fish Beverly a Sanctuary Places where are stones found like Serpents Where Geese fall Where a Sea-man was câ—ught Water for diseased eyes Black Amber or Jette Round stones with stone-Serpents in them The Battle of Battlebridge The Battle of the Standard David King of Scots Mowbray King Henry the second Religious houses Dunsley Gisburgh Kirkham Deirwaâ—d Market-Townes The bounds of this Province The Forme The Dimensitude The Ayre The Soyle Coale-pits Cambden The ancient Inhabitants The priviledge of this people S. Cuthbert The devotion of divers kings to S. Cuthbert Beda his tomb The Monks idlenesse the cause of their overthrow Hell-kettles A salt proceeding of stones Binchester Condercum Castles Hilton Branspâ—th Raâ—ye Durham Lumlâ—y Waâ—ton Baâ—nard The bounds of Westmorland The Length The Bredth The Forme The Soyle Inhabitants Commodities Kendale the chiefe Town Earles of Kendale The Magistracy of Kendale Graduation of it Places of chief 〈◊〉 verterae Apelby Roman Coyns here sound Sessions at Apelby Castle A Romane Station at 〈◊〉 King Iohn One House of Religion Notes of Anquitie Amble side The River Caâ— The Commodities of it Market towns Cumberlands bounds The forme The Ayre The Commodities The ancient Inhabitants Marian Scotus King Edmund King Stephens gift to the Scots Henry the Second Oliver S. Clere. Iames the sixt King of Scotland Carlile the chiefe Citie Edward the First Castles 1. Bâ—w 2. Askirton 3 Scalâ—y 4. Nowath 5. Castlesteed 6. Castle-carock 7 Corhy 8 Lyndstok 9. Rawcliffe 10 Drumbugh 11. Aâ—â—allwat 12. The Roseca 13 Highâ—ate 14 Wulsly 15. Cladâ—k 16. Haton 17 Grastok 18. Pemeth 19 Daker 20. Pape Cast. 21. Cokermouth 22. Werkinton 23 Hay 24 Egremand 25. Millum The bounds of Northumberland The Forme The Aire The Soyle Inhabitants Commodities New-castle A rich towne The occasion of naming it New-castle Richard the second Henry the sixt Barwick The situation of Barwick The Governour Battels in this Country Battels at Otterburne Anwick Brumridge Flodden-field Hexam Dilston Antiquities Halyston Busy-gap Light Horsemen A Martiall kinde of men Morpeth Market-towns Diversitie of names Forme Dimensitie Aire Soile Oaten-bread Commodities Freedom from vexation in Lawing The Magistrates manner of warrant for summoning a partie before him Bala-Curi the Bishops palace Religiousnesse of the people Matters worthy of note The womens girdles when they go abroad The manner of death for Malefactors The partition of this Isle 1 Syrric King of Man 2 Fingall 3 Godred Crovan King 4 Lagman King 5 Dopnald King 6 Olave King 7 Godred the second King 8 Raignald King of Man 9 Olave the second King 10 Harrold King of Man 11 Raignald the second King 12 Magnus King of Man Beda in the life of Cuthbert Verstegan lib. Restâ—s cap. 5. Offa made Mâ—ar between his Kingdome and Wales The breadth and length of Wales Rodericus Magnus divided it into three Regions Ann. Christ. 870. * Shrewsbury * D. Powel Gwyneth or North-wales * Anglesey * Caernarvon * M. Tate * Hist. of Wales Mon or Anglesey the first part of North-wales Beau-marish the chiefe towne of Anglesey Arvon or Caernarvon the second part of North-wales Caernarvon the Shire-towne of the Countie of Carnarvon Merioneth the third part of North-wales Y Bervedhwlad the fourth part of