Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	people_n	young_a	youth_n	49	3	7.6787	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66685	The law of freedom in a platform: or, True magistracy restored Humbly presented to Oliver Cromwel, General of the Common-wealths army in England. And to all English-men my brethren whether in church-fellowship, or not in church-fellowship, both sorts walking as they conceive according to the order of the Gospel: and from them to all the nations in the world. Wherein is declared, what is kingly government, and what is Commonwealths government. By Jerrard Winstanley.	Winstanley, Gerrard, b. 1609.	1652 (1652)	Wing W3045A; ESTC R220031	79,685	104

it is all to this end that the Laws be obeyed for a careful Execution of Laws is the Life of Government And while a Peace-maker is careful to oversee the Officers all Officers and others shall assist him upon pain of forfeiture of Freedom or other punishment according to the Rules following One thing remember That when any offendor is brought before any of these chief Peace-makers then this is to be noted that the offendor hath rejected mercy once before by refusing to yield obedience to the Overseers as is explained further hereafter The Work of an Overseer In a Parish or Town there is to be a fourfold degree of Overseers which are to be chosen yearly The first is an Overseer to preserve Peace in case of any quarrels that may fall out between man and man for though the Earth with her fruits be a common Treasury and is to be planted and reaped by common Assistance of every family yet every house and all the furniture for ornament therein is a propriety to the Indwellers and when any family hath fetched in from the Store-houses or shops either Clothes food or any ornament necessary for their use it is all a propriety to that family And if any other family or man come to disturb them and endeavor to take away furniture which is the ornament of his neighbors house or to burn break or spoyl wilfully any part of his neighbors houses or endeavor to take away either the food or clothing which his neighbor hath provided for his use by reason whereof quarrels and provoking words may arise This Office of Overseers is to prevent disturbance and is an Assistance to the Peace-maker and at the hearing of any such offence this Overseer shall go and hear the matter and 〈◊〉 to perswade the offendor and to keep peace and if friendship be made and subjection be yielded to the Laws for the Peace of the Commonwealth the offendor is only to be reproved for his rashness by this Overseer and there is an end But if the offendor be so violent that he will not refrain his offence to his neighbor at this Overseers perswasion but remain stiff and stubborn this Overseer shall then give out an Order to the Souldier to carry the body of the offendor before the Councel of the Peace-makers or before any one or more of them And if the offendor will not yield obedience to the Laws of Peace by the perswasion of the chief Peace-makers neither then this is to be noted to be the second time that this offendor hath refused mercy Then shall the Peace-maker appoint him a day and command him to appear before the Judges Court either in the City or Country where the offence is given and there he shall receive sentence according to the rigor of the Law And if an Overseer should make peace and do not send the offendor to the Peace-makers Court yet this shall be noted the first time of such a ones disobedience to the Laws And all this is to prevent quarrels and offences and the chief Peace-makers or Counsellors may not always be at hand at the beginning of such disturbance therefore this Overseer is an Assistance thereunto and is a Member of that Court One man shall not take away that Commodity which another man hath first layd hands on for any Commodity for use belongs to him that first layd hands of it for his use and if another come and say I will have it and so offences do arise this Overseer shall go to them or give order to the Souldier to bring the offendor to him and shall endeavor to make peace either by giving the Commodity to him who first layd hands on it or else by taking the Commodity from both and bid them go to the Store-houses and fetch more seeing the Store-houses are full and afford plenty of the same Commodities giving the offendor a sharp reproof for offering to break the Peace noting this to be the first time that such a one offered violence to break the Laws of Peace And all persons whatsoever shall assist the Overseers herein and if any person strike or affront by words this Overseer he shall give order to the Souldier to carry him before the Peace-makers and from them the offendor shall receive a Command to appear before the Judges Court where he shall receive the sentence of the Law without mitigation For when a Peace-maker or Conncellor doth appoint an offendor to appear before the Judges Court such an offendor hath refused mercy twice All this is to be done in case of small offences but if any offence be offered by any which comes within compass of death there shall be no Peace-maker to be a Mediator aforehand but the offendor shall be tryed by the Law The second Office of Overseership is for Trades And this Overseer is to see that young people be put to Masters to be instructed in some labour Trade Science or to be waiters in Store-houses that none be idly brought up in any family within his Circuit Likewise this Overseer is to assist any Master of a family by his advice and counsel in the secrets of his Trades that by the experience of the Elders the young people may learn the inward knowledg of the things which are and find out the secrets of Nature And seeing there are variety of Trades there are to be chosen Overseers for every Trade so many Overseers as the largeness of the Town and City requires and the employment of this Overseer is not to work unless he will himself but to go from house to house to view the works of the people of every house belonging to his Trade and Circuit and to give directions as he sees cause and see that no youth be trained up in idleness as is said And if this Overseer find any youth more capable and fit for another Trade then his own he shall speak to some Overseers of another Trade who shall provide him a Master with the consent of his father and appoint him what family to live in And if the father of a family be weak sick or naturally foolish wanting the power of wisdom and government or should be dead before his children should be instructed then the Overseers of this Trade wherein the Father was brought up are to put those Children into such Families where they may be instructed according to the Law of the Common-wealth One man may be an Overseer for twenty or thirty Families of Shoomakers another for Smiths another for Weavers of Cloth another for the Keepers of Storehouses or Shops for every Trade is to have an Overseer for that particular Trade And truly the Government of the Halls and Companies in London is a very rational and well ordered Government and the Overseers of Trades may very well be called Masters Wardens and Assistants of such and such a Company for such and such a particular Trade Onely two things are to be practised to preserve peace The first is

away the purchased Land from the Purchasers or from part of them into the hands of particular men to uphold Monarchial Principles But though this be a fault let it be bore withall it was ignorance of brethren for England hath layn so long under Kingly slavery that few knew what Common Freedom was And let a restoration of this redeemed Land be speedily made by them who have the possession of it For there is neither Reason nor Equity that a few man should go away with that Land and Freedom which the whole Commoners have paid Taxes Free-quarter and wasted their Estates Healths and Blood to purchase out of Bondage and many of them are in want of a comfortable livelyhood Well these are the men that take away other mens Rights from them and they are Members of the covetous generation of Self-seekers therefore unfit to be chosen Officers or to choose Who then are fit to be chosen Commonwealths Officers Why truly choose such as have a long time given testimony by their actions to be Promoters of Common Freedom whether they be Members in Church fellowship or not in Church fellowship for all are one in Christ Choose such as are men of peaceable spirits and of a peaceable conversation Choose such as have suffered under Kingly Oppression for they will be fellow-feelers of others bondages Choose such as have adventured the loss of their Estates and Lives to redeem the Land from Bondage and who have remained constant Choose such as are understanding men and who are experienced in the Laws of peaceable and right ordered Government Choose men of courage who are not afraid to speak the Truth for this is the shame of many in England at this day they are drowned in the dunghill mud of slavish fear of men these are covetous men not fearing God and their portion is to be cast without the City of Peace amongst the Dogs Choose Officers out of the number of those men that are above forty years of age for these are most likely to be experienced men and all these are likely to be men of courage dealing truly and hating Covetousness And if you choose men thus principled who are poor men as times go for the Conquerors Power hath made many a righteous man a poor man then allow them a yearly Maintenance from the Common Stock until such time as a Commonwealths Freedom is established for then there will be no need of such allowances What is the reason that most people are so ignorant of their Freedoms and so few fit to be chosen Commonwealths Officers Because the old Kingly Clergy that are seated in Parishes for lucre of Tythes are continually distilling their blind Principles into the people and do thereby nurse up Ignorance in them for they observe the bent of the peoples minds and make Sermons to please the sickly minds of ignorant people to preserve their own riches and esteem among a charmed befooled and befotted people CHAP. IV. What are the Officers Names in a free Commonwealth IN a private Family a Father or Master is an Officer In a Town City or Parish A Peace-maker A four-fold Office of Overseers A Souldier A Task-master An Executioner In a County or Shire A Judg. The Peace-makers of every Town within that Circuit The Overseers and Soldiers attending thereupon This is called either the Judges Court or the County Senate In a whole Land A Parliament A Commonwealths Ministry A Post-master An Army All these Offices are like links of a Chain they arise from one and the same root which is necessity of Common Peace and all their works tend to preserve Common Peace therefore they are to assist each other and all others are to assist them as need requires upon pain of punishment by the breach of the Laws And the Rule of right Government being thus observed may make a whole Land nay the whole Fabrick of the Earth to become one family of Mankind and one well governed Commonwealth as Israel was called one house of Israel though it consisted of many Tribes Nations and Family The Work of a Father or Master of a Family A Father is to cherish his children till they grow wise and strong and then as a Master he is to instruct them in reading in learning languages Arts and Sciences or to bring them up to labour or employ them in some Trade or other or cause them to be instructed therein according as is shewed hereafter in the Education of Mankind A Father is to have a care that as all his children do assist to plant the Earth or by other Trades provide necessaries so he shall see that every one have a comfortable livelyhood not respecting one before another He is to command them their work and see they do it and not suffer them to live idle he is either to reprove by words or whip those who offend for the Rod is prepared to bring the unreasonable ones to experience and moderation That so children may not quarrel like beasts but live in Peace like rational men experienced in yielding obedience to the Laws and Officers of the Commonwealth every one doing to another as he would have another do to him The Work of a Peace-maker In a Parish or Town may be chosen three four or six Peace-makers or more according to the bigness of the place and their work is twofold First In general to sit in Councel to order the Affairs of the Parish to prevent troubles and to preserve Common Peace and here they may be called Councellors Secondly If there arise any matters of offence between man and man by reason of any quarrels disturbance or foolish actings the offending parties shall be brought by the Souldiers before any one or more of these Peace-makers who shall hear the matter and shall endeavor to reconcile the parties and make peace and so put a stop to the rigor of the Law and go no further But if the Peace-maker cannot perswade or reconcile the parties then he shall command them to appear at the Judges Court at the time appointed to receive the Judgment of the Law If any matters of publike concernment fall out wherein the Peace of the City Town or Country in one County is concerned then the Peace-makers in every Town thereabouts shall meet and consult about it and from them or from any six of them if need require shall issue forth any Order to inferior Officers But if the matters concern only the limits of a Town or City then the Peace-makers of that Town shall from their Court send forth Orders to inferior Officers for the performing of any publike service within their limits Thirdly If any proof be given that any Officer neglects his duty a Peace-maker is to tell that Officer between them two of his neglect and if the Officer continue negligent after this reproof the Peace-maker shall acquaint either the County Senate or the National Parliament therewith that from them the offendor may receive condign punishment And

torment him in that 〈◊〉 But surely Light is so broke out that it will cover the Earth so that the Divinity Charmers shall say The people will 〈◊〉 bear the voyce of our charming charm we never so wisely And all the Priests and Clergy and Preachers of these spiritual and heavenly things as they call them shall take up the lamentation which is their portion Alas alas that great City Babylon that mighty City Divinity which hath filled the whole Earth with her forcery and deceived all people so that the whole world wondered after this Beast how is it faln and how is her Judgment come upon her in one hour And further as you may read Rev. 18. 10. The Office of the Post-master In every Parish throughout the Commonwealth shall be chosen two men at the time when other Officers are chosen and these shall be called Postmasters And whereas there are four parts of the Land East West North South there shall be chosen in the chief City two men to receive in what the Post-master of the East Country brings in and two men to receive in what the Post-master of the West brings in and two for the North and so two for the South Now the work of the Country Post-master shall be this They shall every Moneth bring up or send by tydings from their respective Parishes to the chief City of what accidents or passages fall out which is either to the honor or dishonor hurt or profit of the Commonwealth and if nothing have faln out in that Moneth worth observation then they shall write down peace or good order in such a Parish And when these respective Post-masters have brought up their Bills or Certificates from all parts of the Land the Receivers of those Bills shall write down every thing in order from Parish to Parish in the nature of a Weekly Bill of Observation And those eight Receivers shall cause the Affairs of the four quarters of the Land to be printed in one Book with what speed may be and deliver to every Postmaster a Book that as they bring up the Affairs of one Parish in writing they may carry down in Print the Affairs of the whole Land The benefit lies here That if any part of the Land be visited with Plague Famine Invasion or Insurrection or any casualties the other parts of the Land may have speedy knowledg and send Relief And if any accident fall out through unreasonable action or careless neglect other parts of the Land may thereby be made watchful to prevent like danger Or if any through industry or ripeness of understanding have found out any secret in Nature or new invention in any Art or Trade or in the Tillage of the Earth or such like whereby the Commonwealth may more flourish in peace and plenty for which Vertues those persons received honor in the places where they dweit When other parts of the Land hear of it many thereby will be encouraged to employ their Reason and industry to do the like that so in time there will not be any Secret in Nature which now lies hid by reason of the iron age of 〈◊〉 oppressing Government but by some or other will be brought to light to the beauty of our Commonwealth The Rise of a Commonwealths Army After that the necessity of the People in a Parish in a County and in a Land hath moved the People to chuse Officers to preserve common peace the same necessity causeth the People to say to their Officers Do you see our Laws observed for our common preservation and we will assist and protect you This word assist and protect implies the rising of the people by force of Arms to defend their Laws and Officers who rule well against any Invasion Insurrection or Rebellion of selfish Officers or rude people yea to beat down the turbulency of any foolish spirit that shall arise to break our common Peace So that the same Law of Necessity of common Peace which moved the people to chuse Officers and to compose a Law for to be a Rule of Government The same Law of Necessity of Protection doth raise an Army so that an Army as well as other Officers in a Commonwealth spring from one and the same root viz. from the Necessity of common Preservation An Army is two-fold viz. A Ruling Army or a Fighting Army A ruling Army is called Magistracy in times of Peace keeping that Land and Government in Peace by Execution of the Laws which the fighting Army did purchase in the field by their Blood out of the hands of Oppression And here all Officers from the father in a family to the Parliament in a Land are but the Heads and Leaders of an Army and all people arising to protect and assist their Officers in defence of a right ordered Government are but the Body of an Army And this Magistracy is called the rejoycing of all Nations when the Foundation thereof are Laws of common Equity whereby every single man may enjoy the fruit of his labour in the free use of the Earth without being restrained or oppressed by the hands of others Secondly A fighting Army called Souldiers in the field when the necessity of preservation by reason of a forraign Invasion or inbred Oppression do move the people to arise in an Army to cut and teer to pieces either degenerated Officers or rude people who seek their own Interest and not common Freedom and through treachery do endeavor to destroy the Laws of common Freedom and to enssave both the Land and people of the Commonwealth to their particular wills and lusts And this War is called a Plague because that cursed enmity of Covetousness pride and vain glory and envy in the heart of Mankind did occasion the rise of it because he will not be under the moderate observation of any free and right Order unless he himself be King and Lord over other persons and their labours For now the people do arise to defend their faithful Officers against such Officers as are unfaithful and to defend their Laws and Common Peace The use or work of a fighting Army in a Commonwealth Is to beat down all that arise to endeavor to destroy the Liberties of the Commonwealth For as in the days of Monarchy an Army was used to subdue all who rebelled against Kingly Propriety so in the days of a free Commonwealth an Army is to be made use of to resist and destroy all who endeavor to keep up or bring in Kingly Bondage again The work of this fighting Army is twofold The first is to withstand the Invasion or coming in of a forraign Enemy whose Invasion is for no other end but to take away our Land and Earth from us to deny us the free use thereof to become Kings and Landlords over us and to make us their slaves As William the Conqueror when he had conquered England he gave not only the Land in parcels to his Souldiers but he gave all men their