a NumaÌtine chiefe of theÌ with v. fellowes persuaded by him so many seruants horses in the darke night passing that space that was betwéene the towne the Camp and comming ouer y trenches with a ladder made to scale gote vp and killed the watch and sending their seruaÌts back into the citie they got away ⪠went to the AruacceaÌs holding vp their haÌds praying theÌ to help y Numantines their kinsfolke The AruacceaÌs would not receyue theÌ but bad theÌ goe their way There was a Citie of power xxx furlongs from Numantia called Lucia The youth of this ⪠Citie much fauoured the Numantines and moued theyr Citie to help the Numantines of the which the auntientes certified Scipio Therefore Scipio at the eyght houre of the night tooke his iourney and by day was at Lucia and beâéeged the Citie and required the heads of the youth to be giuen him The townesmen answering that they were fled he threatned spoyle of the Cittie vnlesse they obeyed Whiche the Citizens feating brought foorth foure hundred young men whose handes he cutte off and went away with great spéede and the next day betimes was at his campe The Numantines now oppressed with famine sent fyue men to Scipio with commission to know that if they woulde yeelde to him if he would vse them mercifully and be content with a moderate fine But Auarus the chiefe of them a man of an highe courage did muche set out the valiantnes and entente of the Numantines affirming they did not offende then being in so greate daunger fyghting for their wiues children and libertie of theyr Countrey Wherefore Scipio saide hée it shal be almost rightful thing if thou being a noble man of so great vertue wilt pardon so noble a people and appoint vs that paine that we shal be able to beare We knowe the mutation of fortune and that the safetie of oure Country was not in vs but in thée Then take our Cittie being content with moderate punishement or if thou haste vs in contempt thou maiste hope to sée it perish and be ouerthrowne by defending it selfe When Auarus hadde saide thus Scipio knowing by the Captiues what was done in the Cittie saide he woulde haue them fréely yéelde themselues and their Cittie with their armoure Whiche when it was tolde the Numantines and thoughte so before inflamed with anger for the greate desire of libertie bycause they had neuer bin acquainted to obey and being more taken with rage and furie they killed Auarus and his companye as bringers of euill newes and conspiring with Scipio to saue themselues Not long after all victualls faylyng them hauing neyther fruite nor cattell nor hearbes firste they eat leather mollified in water as other in necessitie haue done When leather failed them they eate deade mens fleshe sodden and roste Then hauing no respecte to the sicke the stronger forced the weaker thinking nowe none acte cruell or violent their mindes being turned into wilde creatures and their bodies into beastes for the meate they did eate Therfore being killed with hunger and consumed with pestilence with hear and beardes horrible they at length yéelded to Scipio whiche commaunded them the same daye to bring their armour into a place appointed and the next day to come themselues into another place assigned But they deferred a daye confessing there were yet many in the city that for the loue of libertie would end their liues with sword and famine and desired a time to kill themselues so greate loue of libertie so gret vertue was there in a barbarous litle citie whiche when they flourished in peace wer eight thousand good men the whiche what thinges they had done againste the Romanes it is euident and how many leagues they made with them with lyke and equall condition which coulde neuer be brought to doe it with any other nation Who their Captaine or Generall was I néede not to rehearse yet Scipio he being in the fielde with .lx. M. men was many times prouoked of the Numantines to fight But Scipio was better and wyser than other generals for he thoughte not good to deale with those wylde men by the force of armes but to conquere them by famine whiche is a thing inâuitable by the whiche euill the Numantines coulde bée only taken ⪠as they were These things I had to say of the Numantines when I consider their small number their sufferaunce of labour and noble actes and how long they were inuincible Therefore of the Numantines they that so determined dyuârslye killed themselues The reste the thirde daye came to the place appointed al vgly filthie and horrible to beholde which had bodies foule and full of heare wyth long nayles full of filth and stincke worne garments of euill sauoures by whiche thinges they were miserable to their ennimies and yet feareful to looke vpon therefore they were beholden of the Romaines wyth admiration considering in them the straunge affection of theyr bodies that was felt in the ayre of the dolour and labour whiche they had suffred ⪠and also of their conscience that one had eaten anothers fleshe Scipio choosing oute some of them for the pompe of hys tryumphe commaunded the other to be solde and their Cittie vtterly to be destroyed This Generall of the Romanes these two Cities being taken harde to be wonne Carthage for the greatnesse of the Cittie and the power thereof by the decrée of the Romaines he preserued for the commodity of the lande sea Numantia hée rased a little Citie that helde but a fewe of the whiche the Romanes had not determined eyther bycause he was irefull and harde of nature againste them that he tooke by violence or bicause as some say he thought his glorie to be the greater by the greatest calamities of other Therefore to this day he is called Affricane and Numantine of the destruction he gaue to those Citties Then the places nighe Numantia being assigned and setled and if any were suspected put in feare by payment of money he returned to Rome The Romanes as the maner was sent tenne men of the Senatonres into the places of Spaine that were of their gouernment that those that Scipio or Brutus had taken might be brought into the forme of a prouince After a certain space when newe stirre was made in Spaine Calph. Piso was seÌt thyther with aucthoritie to whom Ser. Galba succéeded But a multitude of Cimbrians comming into Italy Sicilie afflicted with y second seruile war they sent no army into Spaine bicause of these wars but would haue lieutenaÌts go to pacifie al as wel as they could When the Cimbrians wer repulsed Tit. Didius weÌt thither killed twenty thousand Aruacceans and brought Termentum a great Cittie which scarcely would euer obey the Romanes the strong place in which it was scituated into the plaine willing them to dwel in houses dispersed wythout wals And when he had besieged a city
roddes and the axes he layd away The gard of his person he remoued and weÌt alone with his friends in the middest of the people the multitude beholding and amazed at the thing Only once as he went home a yong man reuiled him and bycause no man did forbid him hée tooke courage to giue him euill laÌguage til he came to his house so as he that before was so furious against the greatest men and Cities could now patiently suffer this yong man only thus hée said entring his house either by natural reason or by a diuinatioÌ of things to come This yong man will be the let that an other man hauing such authoritie wil not so giue it ouer which thing shortly after happened to that Romaines for Caius Caesar would not so leaue his power Surely Sylla appeareth to be in al things vehement from a priuate man to make himselfe a Tyrant and from that to be a priuate man againe This done he gaue himselfe to quietnesse of y Countrey went to Cuma a Citie of Italy to hys owne lands leading a quiet life at the sea side and sometime huÌting in the field not for any misliking of the priuate life in the citie nor for want of power to enterprise any thing that he would for for his age he was in good strength and of body very âound About Italy he had an hundred and twenty thousande men that lately warred vnder him which had receiued great gifts much land of him and in the citie there were tenne thousand of Cornelians and other multitudes of his factioÌs al frieÌds faithful to him and feareful to other all the which had their whole trust in him of that they had done in him reposed the suretie of all they had NotwithstaÌding all this as I thinke he was wéery of war wéery of dominion wéery of the Citie therfore sought a vacation as it were and quietnesse in the Countrey After this the Romaines being deliuered of tirannie fel again to sedition for wheÌ they had created Caius Catulus one of Syllas faction and Lepidus Emilius of the contrary Consuls enimies one to another and readie to contend by and by it was certaine that a new inconuenience would take beginning of these ⪠They saye that whiles Sylla lay in the Countrey he had a vision that a God called him the which in the morning he told to his friends with greate spéede made his testament which being signed that day in the euening a fitte tooke him and in the night he dyed of the age of lx yeares a maÌ in all things most happy to his end as he was surnamed so was he fortunate in déede if he be happy that can do what hée liât And there was a contention in Rome about him some would haue his body brought with great pomp through Italy to Rome ther in the common place to be honored with publike funeral Lepidus and his friendes were against it but Catulus and other of Syllas side preuailed So his body was brought through Italy in a litter of gold in royal maner numbers of musitians horsemeÌ and other armed multitude followed Al his Captaines LieutenaÌts that had serued vnder him came to this poâp froÌ euery place in armour and as they came so were they set in order Other multitudes also repaired as neuer had bin seene at any businesse The ensignes and axes that he vsed in his dignitie were borne before and when he was broughte into the Citie greate honor and excéeding shewe didde encrease Two thousande Crownes of Golde and more were of purpose made and presented The gifts of Cities of Legions that had serued him and of euery priuate friend were deliuered other ornameÌts were added to his funeral the sumptuousnesse whereof no man can expresse His body being brought in with the army the religious people both holy men and sacred Virgines did receyue and beare by course the Senate and Magistrates with all their tokens of office did the like the troupes of Horsemen the bands of footemen deuided in order did attende seuerall beneuolence was shewed bringing banners of golde wearing harnesse of siluer which yet be vsed in triumphes There was a great nuÌber of Trumpets which in order did sound an heauie noyse The Senate praysed him first then the Gentlemen after the army and all the people whereof some desired his life some that feared him and his army did now no lesse maruell about his dead body for remeÌbring in their minds the noble ââates he had done and the maner of his death they could not but be astonished confessing him to be of al other though their enimie the most happie man so as being dead he was dreadfull vnto them Being brought into the common place before the Tribunall where Orations were wonte to be made the most eloquente man that then was aliue made the funerall Oration bycause Faustus his sonne was yet vnder age The noblest of the Senate did take the litter and beare it into the fielde of Mars where none was wonte to be buryed but Kings The Horsemen and the army marched aboute the fyre whiles his body was consumed This was the end of Silla The Consuls going from the funerall did contende wyth wordes and spitefull spéeche intending betwéene them to make diuision of the rule that belonged to the Citie Lepidus to flatter the Italians required they might be restored to the lands that Silla had taken from them The Senate fearing this falling out did bind them both by oth that they shoulde not contende by armes Lepidus being appointed by lotte to the prouince of France beyond the Alpes did not returne to the election bycause he intended the next yeare to make warre vpon Sillas faction without respect of his oth for it séemed he had fulfilled hys promise in kéeping of it during his office This his purpose not being secreate the Senate sent for him He not ignorant why he was called came with al hys army as though he would haue entred Rome therewith but beyng forbidden he proclaymed warre by a Trumpet Catulus of the other side did the like Not long after making a battel in the field of Mars Lepidus was ouercome and without any great chace he fled into Sardinia where beeyng vexed wyth a consuming disease he dyed Hys armye disturbed in sundry partes was dissolued the greatest part of it Perpenna led into Spaine to Sertorius The laste worke left to Sylla was thys warre of Sertorius continuyng eyght yeares with difficultie not as Romaines agaynste Spaniardes but as one with another againste Sertorius who ruled in Iberia He when Carbo and Sylla were at warre tooke the Citie of Suessa by composition as we haue said and fled from thence to his office leading wyth hym an armye of Italians and gathered more of the Celtiberians wyth whome hee expulsed the officers that were there for Sylla who
souldioure to be good to the women He angerly answering him as a Colier knew him notwithstanding for he hadde serued vnder him once in Syria and sayde goe boldly O Captayne for so it becommeth me yet to call thée Scoponius wife obteyned him of Antony and béeyng till that time of good fame did now heale one euill fortune with another Geta his sonne made a fire in the open parte of his house to burie his father that séemed to be dead whome he had hidde in a house in the Countrey newe made where the olde man disguising hymselfe layde a parchment before hys eyes and after the agréement was made he tooke away the parchment but founde his eye out for lacke of vse Oppius sonne minding to tarrie with his olde féeble father bare him on his backe till he was past the gates and the rest of the way partly leading him and partly bearing him he broughte hym safe to Cicelie no man suspecting or troubling the manner of it As they wright that Aeneas was reuerenced of his enimies when he bare his Father Anchises The people of Rome commendyng the young manne caused that afterwarde he was made Chamberlayne of the Citie And bycause hée coulde not beare the charges of his office for that hys goodes were confiscate the artificers fréely gaue hym to supply the same And the people that behelde hys shewes did euery man caste so muche money into the game place as they made him riche Arianus caused to be grauen on his Sepulchre by hys Testament thus Him that lieth here his sonne that was not proscribed did hide being condemned and ââeyng with him saued his life Metellus the Father and the Sonne the Father was a Captayne vnder Antonie at Actio ⪠where he was taken prysoner and vnknowen his Sonne serued Caesar and was a Capitaine at the same fielde When Caesar did gyue sentence vppon the captiues at Samo the yong man was presente The olde manne being brought foorth all forlorne with long heare miserie and wante and all transformed by the same when in order of the captiues he was called of the crier hys Sonne lepte from hys seate and embraced his Father whome he scarsly knew with teares and when he had ceased from sorowe hée sayde to Caesar This hath bene thine enimie O Caesar and I thy friende him thou muste punishe and me rewarde I desire thée to saue my Father for mée or lette me die for hym Euery man takyng pittie Caesar commaunded Metellus to be saued though he were hys very enimie and afore despysing many gyftes to be drawne from Antonie The seruauntes of Marcius with good loue and Fortune all the tyme of the proscription dyd kéepe hym within hys house till feare set aside Marcius came out of his house as from banishment Hirtius wyth hys menne fléeyng the Cittie wente aboute Italie deliuered prysoners and gathered them togither that fledde and tooke townes a few at the firste after moe in number till he had a sufficient armie and ouercame a parte of the Brutââns from whence sendyng his army he sayled with them al to Pompey Restio that thoughte he fledde alone a Seruaunte followed hym secretelye beeyng broughte vppe of hym and aforetyme well vsed but after for euill conditions branded When Restio rested in a Fenne and did sée this Seruaunte so nighe hym he was afrayde to whome the Seruaunte sayde that hée did not so much remember his present brandes as hée dyd his former benefites and so caused hym so repose in a caue and prouided meate for hym as well as hée couldeâ and after that the Cane was suspected and Souldyours drewe nighe to Restio where hée was the Seruaunte perceyuyng the matter followed and killed an olde man that passed by and cutte off hys heade the Souldiours beyng angrye and commyng aboute to take the killer hée sayde I haue kylled my Mayster Restio that gaue mée these brandes They tooke the heade to haue the rewarde and caryed it in vayne into the Citie The Seruaunt comforted bye Mayster and sayled with hym into Sicelie Appion restyng in a stable the Souldiours sought hym his seruaunt put on his garment and lay vppon his bedde and willingly receyued death for hys Mayster he sittyng by him in the forme of a seruaunt Memmius house was soughte of the Souldiours one of whose Seruauntes wente into a litter hys fellowes bearyng hym as he hadde bene theyr Maister and béeyng taken he was contente to die for his Maister who fledde into Sicelie Iunius hadde a frée made manne Philemon who hadde a fayre house where hée kepte hys Mayster in a vaughte in whiche they are woonte to laye Harnesse Money or Wrytinges and fedde hym in the nyghte tyll the Peace was made An other frée made man kéepyng the Sepulchre of hys Master did also preserue his Maisters Sonne in the same graue togither with his Father Lucretius wanderyng with twoo faythfull seruauntes for lacke of meate returned to hys wyfe beyng borne in a litter of hys seruauntes into the Citie as a sicke man when it happened that one of the seruaunts had broken hys legge hée wente on with the other tyll hée came to the gates where hys Father afore beyng proscrybed of Sylla was taken The Souldiours commyng aboute hym hée was muche afrayde for the lucke of the place wherefore hée fledde with a seruaunte and was hydde of hym in a graue and chaunsing that robbers of Sepulchers dyd searche graues the seruaunt offered hymselfe to bée spoyled of the robbers whyles the maister fledde to the gates and tarried tyll hys seruaunt came to hym whose garmentes hée put on and wente to hys wyfe vnder whose care beyng kepte hée was hidde betwene twoo beames till hée was pardoned by meanes made for him of some to the thrée menne And after peace was made he had the office of a Consull Sergius was hydde of Antonie hymselfe tyll hée hadde perswaded Plancus the Consull to proclayme hys reuocation agayne In the dissention of Caesar and Antonie when Antonie was declared enimye of the Senate hée onely openly gaue voyce for hys acquitall And thus these were saued Pomponius decked hymselfe lyke a Pretor and hys seruants lyke the Sergeaunts and so went thorough the Citties wyth his maces and Officers rounde aboute hym that hée should not bée knowne and at the gates hée tooke publyque coaches and wente thorough Italie euery manne receyuyng hym and sendyng to hym as a Pretor appoynted of the thrée menne to make truce wyth Pompey to whome also hée came in a publike Galley Apuleius and Aruntius counterfaiting themselues to be Capitaynes and their seruauntes Souldiours ranne to the gates as Capitaynes and pursued others and by the way they deliuered prysoners and receyued suche as came to them so as eyther of them had a sufficient bande with Ensignes and armour and sheââe of an army And chancing that by diuerse wayes they went toward the Sea
vvaying as muche as a sterlâng groat after eight groates to an ovvnce Salustius in danger Caesar among his seditious souldioures Caesar vvsâdoâ aâânâ his âââ oâ ting Souldâoâs Souldioures repent them The tenth legioÌ desireth to bee punished Reggio is the fârtheâ tovvne in Italy tovvardes ãâ¦ã foreâande of ãâ¦ã Caesar sayleth into ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã Cittye in ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã myâes from Carthage A Senate in Lybia of three âaÌdred Romaines Adrumeto a City in Affrica farie from Carthage Labienus Petreius putteth Caesar backe Petreius folovveth not the vnstorye Caesars fortune The dâââger of Caesar ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã âocchus King of the Moores that deliuered âugurtha to Sylla Ciâtha a Citie of Numidia novve Constana vvhere Iugurth kylled Adherâall The fifth Legion giueth the Elephant in aâ enââgne Caesars Victory Caesars felicitie Vnskilfulnesse The noblemen of Rome flee Cato to the Vâicenses ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã of the Soule Cato strike ââ ãâ¦ã The death of Cato The singularitie of Cato ãâ¦ã Anticato Iuba and Petreius killed themselues one another Crispus Salustius Lieutenant Yong Pompey Caesar putteth to death Scipio drovvned Triumph of Caesar Iuba Lamentable shevves AffectioÌs of the people A talent of the least varne vvas one hundred poundes vvhich is colled the lesse taleÌt of ãâ¦ã The greater talent oâ ãâ¦ã vvas aboute 23â pounde There vvere other talentes vvhereof soule vvere 400. pound A ãâ¦ã me of ãâ¦ã conteyned sixe ãâ¦ã vv ãâ¦ã vvas much ââke oure halfeâeny and one hundred drammes made an ãâ¦ã pound Shevves by Caesar Venus Temple The Romaines Court like to our Exchange Place of conference Image of Cleopatra Decay of people Caesar made Consull Povver in Spayne Yong Pompey refuseth auntient counsell Caesar into Spayn Feare of his Souldyoures Rashnesse of yong Pompey Corduba a Citie in Spayne the countrey of both Seneca and Inâane the Poet novve Cordâââ Feare in Caesars army Some vvrighte that this fight vvas giuen at Monda vvhich is novv Mundesara the places not being farre asunder some name the one and some the other Danger of Caesar Caesars saying of this fight A trench made of dead bodyes Corduba taken Scapula Varus and Labienus killeâ Pompey fleeth Carteia is a Citie in Granado novv Tarifa Pompey huââ Pompey the elder âonne slayne Pompey the yonger brother Caesar honored ãâ¦ã The great ãâ¦ã of the â ãâ¦ã âut ãâ¦ã gââe Crovvnes or garlandes to them that had âonâ vvorthy ãâ¦ã âââher of the ââââtrey ââtator perâââââ Honoures giuen ââ Casar Holy dayes Quintilis Iulius Temples âedâcaâed to Caesar Caesar refusetâ the name of âyng Caesars statelines Occasion of hate ãâ¦ã Caesar and Antonius Cânsulâ The clemenâââ of Caesar Caesâr deceyueth the peoples opinion A Crovvne vpoÌ Casâs Image by one that vvas apprehended of the Tribunes Marullus and Sitiâs Caesar accepteth not the name of a King. Caesar angrye vvith the Tribunes causeth ââspâââon of Kingdome Caesar vvarred Ansvvere of Caesar touching a gard of his person ãâ¦ã vvere shevves of naked Priestes in the honoure of âaâââ Antony setteth a Crovvne on ãâ¦ã head Caesar hath the falling sicknesse âete Sâithiââs in Europa â Voyagâ into Parthie Prophecie Enuie Conspiratours M. ârutus Ca. Cassius D. Brutus Cloaked contention Caesars care of Brutus Brutus ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã More CoÌspiraâoââes Romulus vvas thoughte to be corne a peeces of the Seââte Consultation of Caesars death Caesar at a banquct Sodayne deathe beste Caesars vvife a fearefull dream Sacrifices vnprosperous Impediments to the conspiracie Theatre of Pompey Disclosing ãâ¦ã ââd the âuer âââht of hoâseââââpleâ aââ ãâ¦ã Prayer ââââition of disâââing A booke of the Conspiracie Feare to the coÌspiratoures Sacrifices Caesar contem ⪠neth the sacrifiâes of ââil luck Tââââus The ãâ¦ã Caesar giueââ ouer vvheâ Brutus had âââken ââm and some vvrite that he sayd vvhat thou aâââ sonne Confusion Antony Lepiduâ ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã in the ãâ¦ã Three men only caâe vvith Caesar Liberty They that sought prayse found payne The ââââe of ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã Causes of corruption as Rome Distribution of Corne. Maisterle ââmen Cynna accuseth Caesarâ Dolabella ââââââ and Cassius to the people ãâ¦ã The deuice of Antony and Lepidus Antonyes aunsvvere Casars money and vvâitings sent to Antony The Senate in the Temple of the Gods of the earth A Tault against ãâã ãâã of ãâ¦ã ing the ãâã Antony ⪠ââtteââââ Antonyâs âââtâon Dolabella changed A nevv stârrâ by Antony Lepidus to the people Caesars Priestoode offered to Lepidue Aâtâny to the Senate Decrees A decree for habitations ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã Tââââment âââ to the people Caesars Testament ãâ¦ã to the people Cicero This forgetfulnesse vvas called Amnâftis after the maner of the Grââ ans Prutus and Cassius reconsiled vvith the Consulles Casars testameÌt Octauius This dramme vvas the value of a grote Decimus Brutus heyre to Caesar in remaynder The people turned Antony of Caesaâ Antoniââ gesture in the time of the tunerall of Caesar Caesars shape shevved in vvaxe Change of peoples âââdes The Senate house set a fire vvherein Caesar vvas killed One Cynna kâled an other T inuite and rage of people ⪠Caesars fâueraâââ A Temple to Caesar The Romaines vsed to giue diuine honours ââ their princes ãâ¦ã in Marche she 9. dayes follovving the first 7. daies Caesar scorneth the Soothsaiers A comparison betvvene Alexander and Caesar Ammon in the dserts oââââât vvhere ââpâter gaue oâaâles In India at the plââe called ãâ¦ã Pamphilia in Asia the lesse Alexanders aâââ Câsââs aââââ Al ages and degrees must striue against the freÌch Caesar had losâe sometymes Euphrates ãâã floud of Macedonia running into the redde Sea by Babylon Caesar and Alexander lyke Alexander and Caesar vnlyke These people be of India and called Malli of Pluâaââth Perill of Alexander Perill of Caesar Alexander contemneth tokens Euphrates ⪠Pallacotta floudes Caesar contem ⪠neth tokens Prachmâes vver the vvise Philosopers of India chosen to it by consent ãâã ⪠ãâã the ââââteâfeyte ãâã Lombardy Asia the âesse A ãâ¦ã o put to death by Antony The âoâââiceâ of Amaâââ punished Antony pretendeth to call home yong Pompey Millions be here ten thousande Cicero prayseth Antony The Senate giueth a garde to Antony Antony choseth a legion for his garde The Senate in a ielousie of Antony Phaberius ⪠in the Greeke Taberius in the Latten Antony abuset it Caesars testameÌt ãâ¦ã and Cassius made purueyers A deâice to âe ãâ¦ã Dolabella president of Syria Macedonia ãâ¦ã to Antony Cyrene a Citie and a prouince in Affrica novv Corciria Creta an Ilande in the middest of the Sea novv Candia Syrene and Creta to Brutus and Cassius Octauius Caesars nephevv at Valona vvhich is on the other side of the gulfe of Venice Octauius sayleth into Italy Lupio Iezze a port Tovvne The army at Brunduse receyueth Octauius Adoption Octauius receyued the name of Caesar Resort to yong Caesar ãâ¦ã In desire of Octauius Octauius vvords to his mother Adoption The meeting oâ Octauius and Antony Octauius Oration to Antony ãâã as a successour of his ãâã is they ãâã Antonyes aunsvvere to ãâã People vnstable Octauius selleth âââ substance Playes for Brutus The playes
AN AVNCIENT Historie and exquisite Chronicle of the-Romanes warres both Ciuile and Foren Written in Greeke by the noble Orator and Historiographer Appian of Alexandria one of the learned Counsell to the most mightie Emperoures Traiane and Adriane In the which is declared Their greedy desire to conquere others Their mortall malice to destroy themselues Their seeking of matters to make warre abroade Their picking of quarels to fall out at home All the degrees of Sedition and all the effects of Ambition A firme determination of Fate thorowe all the changes of Fortune And finally an euident demonstration That peoples rule must giue place and Princes power preuayle With a continuation bicause that parte of Appian is not extant from the death of Sextus Pompeius second sonne to Pompey the Great till the ouerthrow of Antonie and Cleopatra after the vvhich time Octauianus Caesar had the Lordship of all alone ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã JMPRINTED AT LONDON by Henrie Bynniman Anno. 1578. ¶ TO THE RIGHT HONOrable his singular good Mayster Sir ââ Christopher Hatton Knight Capitaine of the Queenes Maiesties Garde Vicechamberlaine to hir Highnesse and one of hir Maiesties most honourable priuie Counsayle WHAT care the almightie King of Heauen hathe of the Princes and States of the earthe though sacred Scripture did not teache vs Prophane doctrine might instruct vs. Homer shevveth that God throvveth his shielde in the vvarre to defende the Prince from harme and that he appoynteth to euerye gouernour a peculiar God for his protection Hovv God plagueth them that conspire againste theyr Prince this Historie declareth at the full For of all them that coniured against Caius Caesar not one did escape violent death The vvhich this Author hathe a pleasure to declare bycause he vvould affray all men from disloyaltie tovvard their Soueraigne The greatest seruice that men can doe is to saue theyr Countrey from daunger The Romanes gaue him a crovvne that saued one Citizen Then hovv many crovvnes deserueth he that helpeth to saue a number They vsed to make a coyne for his commendation vvith this inscription The Senate and people of Rome for Citizens saued Cicero vvas called Father of the Countrey bycause hee kept it from decay All they that in theyr consultations do seeke the like benefite to their Countrey doe deserue the like revvard and prayse and in the testimonie of good meÌs hearts they are sure to haue it Then seeyng this Authoures onely purpose is to extoll the princely rule and to procure the safetie of the people I haue presumed to make a presente of hym to youre Honoure that you being in case to do the like good maye receyue the same triumph of your desert Hovv vvorthy the VVryter is to be redde I referre it to the vvitnesse of one vvorthy Prelate of this laÌde vvho as he sayd of Plato shal suffice for a multitude Further vvith the manner of the Authoures vvriting I doe not meane to trouble you himselfe shall tell your Honour that such as be in your case may bring to passe that he desireth to the glory of God the honour of the Prince the benefite of the Countrey and renoume of your selfe Your Honoures seruaunt most duetifully bounden H. BINNIMAN The Preface of the Authour THe Romaine people and the Senate did many times contend for makyng of Lawes releasing of debts deuision of landes or electioÌ of officers yet was there no tumult nor vprore but onlye discorde and debates in âiuill maner and that was done with great reuerence one to another The people on a time hauing bene at warre and falling into like contention did not abuse their armour presentlye but stept aside vnto an hil which therof was called Holy where was no violence done but a creation made of an officer of themselues whom they called Tribune of the people to be a restraint to the Consuls chosen by the Senate that they shoulde not haue the only rule ⪠in the Common wealth Of this great hatred and variance grew betwéene these officers the Senate and the people being deuided for them and styrred by ambition sought the one to ouer-rule the other Martius Coriolanus in such a conteÌtion beyng vniustly banished fled to the Volscians and made warre against his countrey This only feate of force should a man finde among the old strifes which neuerthelesse was the act of an outlawe But in their common metings was neuer weapon drawn nor âiuill murder done before Tiberius Gracchus Tribune of the people and a deuiser of the Lawes did firste perishe in sedition and many moe with him taken in the Capitol were slain about the Temple Notwithstanding discorde ceassed not by this disgrace euery man being euidently bente against other bringing many times their weapons and now one officer and then an other by this diuisioÌ was dispatched in the temples in assemblies and in Courts the Tribunes Pretors or Consuls eyther prouoking to it or working this occasion of it Uncomely contumely of euery trifle and foule contempt of law and right did euer play a part This euil growing great manifest insurrections wer made against the state mightie and fierce armyes were raysed against the countrey banished meÌ striuing for restitutioÌ or magistrates contending among themselues for offices at home or army abroade Some there were in power like princes and as Monarkes made leaders of seditious armies some would not leaue the army that was deliuered them of the people some without authoritie would leuie straunge souldiers against their enimies striuing whether of theÌ should first get the Citie in word against the coÌtrary factioÌ but in déede against the countrey for they inuaded it as an enemy Cruell murders were vsed in some in others proscriptions to deathe banishments consiscations torments intollerable so as no kinde of crueltie was left undone till Cornelius Sylla one of the mightie Captaines of rebellion fifty yeares after Gracchus healing euil with euil made himselfe a Monarke for a time the which kinde of officers they called Dictators vsed in most daungerous times and commonly giuen ouer after sixe monethes were ended But Sylla being in déede Dictator by force perpetuall yet in speach pretending to be elected when he had his fill of that rule alone was the first man as I thinke that durst fréely giue ouer a Tiranicall power affirming he woulde aunswere for his doings if any woulde accuse him and in the sighte of all sortes as a priuate man many times he went to the common place and returned home againe without hurte Suche a feare was there yet of his aucthoritie in them that beheld hym or an astonishmente of the resigning of it or a reuerence that hée offered to aunsweare for hys doyngs or some other curtesie and consideration acknowledging his Tyranny to haue bene profitable to the countrey Thus a while sedition ceassed with Sylla and there was a remedie of the euils that Sylla had done but after hym it began againe til Caius Caesar by election
reteyne his office and so he did at whyche time Octauius nothing abashed made resistance againe Wherefore Gracchus put the matter firste to the vayces and when one company had giuen against Octauius Gracchus turned to him and prayed him to leaue his purpose but he cared not for it and so they procéeded There was fiue and thirtie companies whereof seauentéene had giuen against him with greate furie and where y eyghtenth should haue determined the matter Gracchus againe in the sighte of the people lamentably desired him that being in that daunger he woulde not hynder so profitable and honorable an acte to all Italy nor to withstande so greate desire of the people whyche he ought to further béeyng a Tribune nor to suffer the disgrace of losing hys office Thus hée spake and called God to witnesse that agaynste hys wyll hys fellowe was deposed But when no persuasion woulde serue hée made the decrée Octauius béeyng depriued he secretely conueyed hymselfe away Quintus Mummius was chosen Tribune in his place The lawe of landes was pronounced and the firste officers appoynted to sée it executed was Gracchus hymselfe the lawmaker and a brother of hys name and Appius Claudius hys father in lawe So muche dyd the people feare that all the laboure of the lawe shoulde bée lost vnlesse Gracchus and all hys familie hadde the execution of it Gracchus was maruellously magnifyed for thys lawe and accompanyed of the people to his house as a preseruer not of one Citie or Countrey but of all the nations of Italy Thys béeyng done they that had the day returned to the landes in the Countrey from whence they came for that purpose but they that lost the day remayned discontented and talked that Gracchus shoulde not escape blame when he shoulde bée out of office that durst violate a Magistrate of so greate authoritie and gyue occasion of so manifest sedition in Italy Nowe was it Sommer and the tyme of choosing Tribunes at hande It séemed that the ryche woulde so laboure as the office should bée gyuen to some of Gracchus greatest enimies The tryall béeyng at hande and hée afrayde that hée shoulde not bée elected Tribune for the yeare to come called people out of the Countrey to gyue voyce in the election but they béeyng occupyed in Sommer businesse and the daye drawyng nygh hée was compelled to make the people of the Citie hys refuge and wente aboute to euery one aparte to desire them to make hym Tribune agayne béeyng in daunger for theyr sakes When the daye was come the two firste companyes chose Gracchus but the ryche men cryed that it was not lawfull for one to bée Tribune twyce togyther Rubrio a Tribune to whose turne it came to bée chiefe of the election doubted of the matter Mummius successor to Octauius prayed hys fellowe to committe the order of the election to hym whyche hée dyd but the other Tribunes affyrmed that thys must be tryed by lotte for where Rubrio hadde hys turne the appoyntmente dyd apperteyne to them all The contention béeyng greate and Gracchus hauyng the worse he deferred the discussing tyll the nexte daye and béeyng vtterlye discouraged although yet in office he remayned the rest of the whole daye in the common place beséechyng euerye man to bée hys helpe as though he shoulde streyghte haue bin destroyed of hys enimies The poore men were moued wyth compassion and consideryng that they were not vsed indifferently as Citizens but rather as slaues to the lust of the ryche and fearyng for Gracchus state who suffered for theyr sake with lamentation they all broughte hym to hys house at nyghte and bade hym bée of good chéere agaynste the nexte daye Gracchus béeyng thus encouraged assembled hys parte in the nyghte and gaue them a watchworde to fyghte it out if néede required Then hée went to the Temple of the Capitoll where the election shoulde bée and when the assemblie was come togyther and hée in the myddest of them some of the Tribunes and the ryche men woulde not suffer the election to procéede for hym wherefore hée gaue hys watche worde they that were priuie to it made a greate shoute and beganne the fray some stoode aboute Gracchus to guarde hys person some tore the seates some wrang the roddes and maces out of the Sergeantes handes some rente asunder euerye thyng and bet the ryche menne out of the place wyth suche a tumulte and terroure as all the Tribunes ranne awaye and the Priestes shutte the Temple dores The flying and running was confused and the spéeche not well vnderstanded Some thoughte that Gracchus hadde deposed an other Tribune for spying none of them there it was lyke to bée so Some thoughte hée hadde made hym selfe Tribune agayne wythoute anye Election In the meane time the Senate assembled in the Temple of Faith. Surely I maruell that where the office of one ruler had many times before preserued the state in like troubles that now they dyd not choose a Dictator In former times it was founde most necessarie but nowe neyther in memorie nor after cared for When the Senate as wel as they could had resolued what was to be done they went vp to the Capitoll and Cornelius Scipio Nasica by the name of chiefe Bishop led the way and spake with a loude voice that they should follow him that would haue their Countrey safe Then he pulled the skirte of his gowne ouer hys head eyther to giue a token by his garmeÌt that the more might followe hint or for a signe to them that sawe it that he woulde fight or for that he would as it were hide from the Gods what he meant to do Being come to the Temple and thrusting in among Gracchus route they gaue place vnto him as to a most worthy man whome they sawe all the Senate follow then dyd his company wring the weapons out of the others handes and gathered the péeces of the broken seates with any other things that they could get in the place and bet Gracchus part so violently as they droue them to the brinke of the hill in the whyche tumulte Gracchus was slayne and many with him at the Temple dores before the Images of the Kings Thus Gracchus béeyng some of that Gracchus that had bin twice Consull whose mother was Cornelia daughter to Scipio that conquered Affrica meaning well to his Countrey but going aboute it vndiscretely was slayne in the Capitoll being yet Tribune As this was the firste mischiefe that was done in the place of election so did it not ceasse till many more were done from tyme to time The Citie was deuided into wo and ioy for Gracchus death some lamented for themselues as well as for him that the present state was no more a common wealth but rather a CoÌquest and crueltie Other reioyced at that was done whereby they had obteyned their purpose This was done wheÌ Aristonicus contended with the Romaines for the Lordship of
of Judges stirred vp as like so long to continne as the former Nowe was Graccus making of long high wayes in Itah séeking thereby to help the multitudes of the labouring men to haue them ready in any enterprise at his commaundement He also placed diuers newe in habitances and furthermore stirred the Latine nation to require the fréedome of the Romaines as a thing to procure hate to the Senate if they should denie it to that natioÌ that was so nigh allied vnto them He also gaue authoritie to other confederates of Rome to giue voyces in elections whiche might not so do by auntient manner that he might haue the more helpe to procure lawes at his pleasure for the which the Senate was much troubled and commaunded the Consuls to make proclamation that no man vnlesse he had a right in elections should resort into the Citie or approch within fiue miles of the same during the time of assemble for the lawes They perswaded Liuius Drusus the other Tribune to resist Gracchus lawes not makyng the people acquainted with it and it was graunted that who so would resist should not néede to shew cause thereof And to win the commons heartes they decréed twelue new inhabitancies to be made wherewith the people was so wonne as they cared not for the lawes Gracchus being thus deceyued of the peoples fauour sayled into Afrike with Fuluius Flaccus who was Tribune with Gracchus after he had bin Consull where an inhabitance was appoynted bycause of the plentie of the soyle whych was done of purpose that by the absence of the people the Senate might haue some rest from these sturres Thys inhabitance was appoynted where Carthage was little regarding that Scipio the winner of it did vowe it for euer to be a place of pastime Sixe thousand was assigned which by law ought to haue bin lesse that they might the rather please the people They returned to Rome and gathered the sixe thousand out of al Italie but when it was written out of Africa that the Wolues had destroyed the plat of the citie which Gracchus and Fuluius had layd the Southsayers affirmed that the inhabitantes should be vnlucky wherefore the Senate called a counsell that the lawe of inhabitance might be reuoked Gracchus and Fuluius being deceyued of this hope also like mad men sayd the Senate did lye touching the token of the Wolues The vuruly sorte of the coÌmons fauouring them came with their weapoÌs to the Capitoll where the assemblie shoulde be for this inhabitance WheÌ the people was assembled and Fuluius beganne to speake Gracchus came vp to the Capitoll garded with them that were priuie of his purpose but being resisted of them that vnderstoode he woulde make new businesse he lefte the way to the Capitell and tooke a lowe Gallerie there wayting to deceyue his aduersaries One Attilius a man of the commoÌ sort séeyng him in these turmoyles and making sacrifice in that gallerie came and tooke hym by the hand eyther to persuade him or suspecting him or otherwise to talke with him prayed him he woulde spare his Countrey hée was y more troubled as fearing to be apprehended looked angerly vpoÌ him whereat one of his people without any commandement or token giuen but only by coÌiecture of Gracchus grimme looke thought it now to be time to please his Captayne if he began the fray drew his sword ranne Attilius through A greate shoute being made and the head body séene among them euery man fledde out of the Temple with feare of lyke displeasure ⪠Gracchus wente to the common place minding to say somewhat to the people touching this facte but no man woulde harken to him euery maÌ detesting it as a wicked fact Gracchus and Flacchus were out of hope hauing lost this occasion which they thoughte to haue preuented and ranne home to their houses accompanyed with their companions The rest of the people as in time of daunger about midnight tooke the common place and by breake of day Opimius the Consull had appoynted men in armoure to kéepe the Capitoll and called the Senate togither by publike officers himselfe in the meane time abiding in the Temple of Iupiters children to prouide for the necessitie This being thus ordeyned the Senate sent for Gracchus and Fuluius to aunswere for themselues in the Counsell house but they in armoure wente to the hill called Auentine hoping by the strength of the place to bring the Senate to some composition and offered libertie to bondmen that would repayre vnto them but no man made anye accompt of them wherefore they tooke the Temple of Diana and fortifyed it Then they sent Quintus sonne to Flaccus vnto the Senate requesting a pause with a truce of concord The Senate willed them to leaue their armoure and come to say what they could for themselues or else to sende no more neuerthelesse hée came agayne and Opimius the Consull not taking him for a messenger bycause of their disobedience caused him to be deteyned and sent souldiours against Gracchus and he sledde ouer the woodden bridge vnto the other side of the floude into a groue wyth one man to whome when he saw he shoulde be taken he offered his throte to be cutte Flaccus fledde into a shoppe of one of hys acquaintance They that followed him threatned to burne the whole stréete vnlesse they deliuered him His friend being ashamed to betray him in his calamitie bade an other do it and so was Flaccus taken and killed and both their heads were brought to the Consull Opimius who gaue the waight of gold for reward and the people spoyled their houses The Consull tooke their coÌpanions committed them till they were executed To Quintus he granted to choose what maner of death he would then he purged the Citie of bloudshed by the Senates sentence erected the TeÌple of concord in y coÌmon place This was y ende of Gracchus y second his seditioÌ Not long after a lawe was made that anye man might sel the land that was in controuersie the which the former Gracchus had forhidden whereby the riche men agayne dyd buy the poore mens parts or thrust them out by violence til Spurius Borius the Tribune did deuise a law that land shuld be no more deuided but remaine with the owners a tribute to be raysed of it for the people the money whereof should be distributed wherby the poore had some reliefe but to the increase of meÌ it was no help at al. Thus was Gracchus law abrogated by a sleight which might haue bin very good and profitable if it had bin vsed accordingly Not loÌg after by an other Tribune the distribution also was takeÌ away so as the people was vtterly destitute of al help whereof followed wante of Citizens and souldyers reuenewe of lande of stipende and of lawes the space of fiftéene yeares after Gracchus lawe with a more quietnesse In
this meane tyme Scipio the Consull threw downe a Theatre that Lucius Cassius had begun and almost ended eyther as an occasion of new sedition or for that he woulde not haue the Romaine people acquainted with the Greekes pastimes Q. Metellus a maister of maners minded to haue remoued Glaucias that had bin Consul and Apuleius hauing bin Tribune from their dignitie for their euill life but he coulde not do it bycause his fellowe was againste it A little while after to be reuenged of Metellus Apuleius laboured to bée Tribune againe bycause Glaucias was Pretor should be chiefe in the election but Nonius a noble maÌ vsing frée spéech agaynste him reprouing Glaucias was chosen Tribune They fearyng that he being in authoritie would punish them sent a band of busie fellowes as he went from the election and killed him entring into a shoppe to saue himselfe This murther being committed they of Glaucias faction before the people could assemble agayne âhose Apuleius Tribune earely in the morning by this meane was the deathe of Nonius not followed men being afraide of the Tribune Metellus was banished by y help of C. Marius now sixe times Consull who bearing secrete hate againste him conspired with his enimies Apuleius did make a lawe to deuide certayne landes of the Frenche wonne by the Cymbrianes whome Marius hadde driuen away as nowe no longer of the Frenche but belongyng to the Romaines and therefore might be deuided It was promised that if the people woulde allow the lawe the Senate should confirme it the fifth day by an oth and he that refused to sweare to it should be remoued froÌ the Senate and be coÌdemned to the people in twenty Talents This was a deuice to be reuenged of Metellus who for his grauitie woulde not sweare vnto it The law being in this forwardnesse Apuleius appointed that day and in the meane time sent into the Countrey for such as had serued Marius in y warres to haue their help but bycause y Italian's shoulde be more aduaunced by this lawe than the Romaines the people was not content with it So discord arose in the time of the meeting Apuleius did put backe from the higher place all that were against the law The people of the Citie cryed that it thândered which when it hapned it was not lawfull for the Romaines to conclude any thing in their consultations Neuerthelesse Apuleius bande vsed violence still wherefore the Citizens girded their gownes and tooke such weapons of woode as they coulde get and resisted the Countreymen They agayne being encouraged by Apuleius stucke to it and with their staues and battes beate the Citizens so as the lawe was wonne Marius the Consull forthwith propouÌded the oth and bycause he knew Metellus a constant and sound man in his purposes he firste shewed his owne opinion affirming he would not sweare and all to deceyue Metellus who sayd the same wherefore both of them beyng commended of others Marius brake vp the house The fifth daye after which was the time appoynted for the oth the Consull assembled the Senate on a suddaine about tenne of the clocke and sayde he was afrayd of the people that fauored the lawe so feruently yet he had deuised a shift and a subtiltie for it and that was this that a man might sweare to the words of the lawe so farre forthe as it was lawfull and so for the time the Countrey people mighte be sente home and after it might be well proued that it was no law which by violence and by the thundering of Iupiter was made contrary to the order of the Countrey WheÌ he had sayd thus euery man was silent for feare of entrapping and the suddaynesse of the time wherefore he arose and went to the Temple of Saturne where the common treasourers shoulde sweare Himselfe sware first so did his frieÌds other Senators did the like for feare Only Metellus would not sweare continuing in his former sentence without dread Apuleius the nexte day sent a Sergeant to pull him out of the Courte but the Tribunes defended him Then Apuleius and Claudius ranne to the Countrey multitude affirming that they neither could haue laÌd nor law take place vnlesse Metellus were banished wherefore a decrée of his banishmente was made and a Proclamation from the Consull that no man should succoure Metellus neyther wyth fyre nor water and one only day was giuen him for deliberation of the matter The people of the Citie were offended and wente aboute Metellus with their weapons he thanked them for their good will but said his Countrey should not be brought into trouble for him So Apuleius pronounced the decrée of his exile and Marius confirmed it Thus was the most worthy man of the Citie banished after the which Apuleius was Tribune the third time and for his fellow one Gracchus a runnagate was appoynted reporting that he was sonne to olde Gracchus the people fauouring him for the names sake The election of the Consuls being at hand Marcus Antonius was chosen for the one without any sticking for the other Glaucias and Memmius contended Memmius was of more estimation in the Citie Glaucias and Apuleius feared themselues and sente certayne men with wasters into the assemblie whiche layde vpon Memmius and kylled him Thus was the solemne assemblie disturbed no regarde being had now of law or iustice nor reuereÌce of God or man The people was gréeued at it and the nexte day gathered togither to dispatche Apuleius but he got the company of his new multitude of CountreymeÌ with Glaucias and C. Sapheius a treasourer and tooke the Capitoll The Senate commaunded they shoulde be taken and dispatched but Marius vnwilling to it did for a shew arme men very slowly Some there were that did cutte away the water that wente into the Temple wherefore Sapheius that could not abide the lacke of water persuaded theÌ to set the Temple a fyre but Glaucias and Apuleius yéelded themselues first and after so did Sapheius And where euery man called vpon their execution Marius shutte them in the Senate house as to deale with them more according to lawe But the people perceiuing this to be a delay pulled the staues of y roofe of the TeÌple and neuer left throwing vpon them till they had killed all thrée whereof one was a Questor an other a Tribune and the third a Pretor and all at that time clad with the robes of their office With them also was slayne a greate number of the people entangled with their sedition and in it the other Tribune that was thought to be sonne to Gracchus the first day of the entring into his Tribuneship for now neyther libertie nor dignitie neyther law nor office was able to reéeue any maÌ wheÌ as the Tribunes office created for the repressing of wrongs and defence of the people as a sanctuary and holy thing was waxen a worker of iniuries and had iniurie done against it selfe
preparation of engines of warre They sente for Souldyers to the Cities that remayned obediente and into Fraunce their next neyghboure They also called home Cneus Pompeius the Proconsull leading an armye at the coast of the Ionian Sea to come with all spéede to serue hys Countrey He so dyd and planted hys host at the Gate called Collina Cinna came also and encamped by him Caius Marius hearing of thys passed the Sea to Hetruria with his fellowes banished and Seruauntes and there came to him aboute fyue hundred of hys friendes of Rome he with vile apparell and long heare to moue pitie wente to the Cities shewing his victories and honoures agaynste the Germanes and hys syxe tymes Consulshippe and that whyche pleased them best promised to doe for them in the lawe of elections and so hée gathered syxe thousande Toscanes and came wyth them to Cinna who gladly receyued hym into the societie of his doyngs Beyng mette togyther they ordered theyr army at the floude Tiber and deuided it into thrée partes Cinna and Carbo ouer agaynste the Citie Sertorius aboue it and Marius towarde the Sea. They made Bridges ouer the Riuer that they myghte kéepe victuals from the Citie Marius tooke Ostia and spoyled it Cinna sente to take Arimeno that no army shoulde come out of nyghe Fraunce The Consuls were afrayde hauyng néede of an other army and bycause they coulde not call home Sylla béeyng entred into Asia they commaunded Cecilius Metellus that was aboute the remnaunt of the fellowes warre againste the Samnites that he shoulde dispatche it as honestly as he coulde and come to helpe hys Countrey that was inuaded He stoode too muche vpon termes wyth the Samnites whyche when Marius hearde he graunted them all theyr demaundes and so the Samnites ioyned with Marius Appius Claudius a Captayne and kéeper of the hyll Ianiculo and the walles there hauing receyued a good turne and myndfull of the benefyte opened the gate by breake of day and so Marius entred and Cinna followed but they were soone repulsed by Octauius and Pompey that came agaynste them It chaunced so that there was greate lyghtnings that fell vpon Pompeys armye whereby he and manye noble menne were destroyed Marius kepte all victuals from the Citie that came from the Sea or aboue from the freshe water and hée rode to the nigh Cities where anye Corne was layde for the Romayne store and by suddayne comming to Antio Aritia and Lanuuio hée tooke them all and some other Cities by Treason And thus kéeping awaye victuals by lande also hée approched towarde Rome boldly by the way called Appia before any victualles coulde bée broughte from anye other place and wyth Cinna Carbo and Sertorius Camped twelue myles from Rome Octauius Crassus and Metellus dyd lye agaynste them at Mount Albano and considering for the tyme to come although they were superioure in strength and number yet hadde they a compassion to putte theyr Countrey in hazarde by one battayle Cinna sente Trumpettes aboute the Citie proclayming libertie to Seruauntes whereby a multitude of fugitiues came vnto hym The Senate was afrayde thereby and doubtyng of the people bycause of the want of thyngs in the Citie chaunged theyr mynde and sente Embassadoures to Cinna for reconciliation Hée asked them firste whether they came to hym as a Consull or as a priuate person They doubted what to answere and returned to Rome Nowe many of the fréemen came vnto him some for faction and some for feare of famine and to sée the sequeale of it and nowe proudely he approched the walles and Camped within an arrowe shotte They that were with Octauius were in feare and doubte and slowe to fighte bycause of the runnawayes and ofte sendyng betwéene the Senate was greately amazed They thoughte it vniust to depose Lucius Merula Iupiters Prieste that was chosen in Cinnas place and hadde not offended but béeyng oppressed wyth the greate myseries they sente to Cinna as Consull and as they looked for no greate good thereby so they requyred Cinna to sweare that hée woulde commytte no murther Hée resused to sweare but promised that willinglye hée woulde bee no cause of manslaughter Hée wylled also that Octauius that came in at the other gates shoulde gette hym away least some displeasure mighte be done hym agaynste hys wyll Thys he aunswered from an hygh Throne as Consull to the Embassadoures of the Citie Marius standyng nexte the Senate was silente but by hys cruell countenaunce it was perceyued that he was bente to murther The Senate accepted thys and willed Cinna and Marius to enter well knowyng that Marius dyd all and Cinna assented to it Marius spake in iestyng wyse that it was not lawfull for a banished manne to enter wherefore the Tribunes dyd reuoke the banishmente and dissolue the decrée made againste hym by Sylla Then they entred the Citie wyth the feare of all that receyued them They made spoyle of the contrarye parte wythoute stoppe Cinna and Marius sente theyr othes to Octauius but the Southsayers and Diuiners badde hym not trust them and hys friendes counselled hym to flée but hée protesting neuer to leaue the Citie whyles hée was Consull wente among them to Ianiculo with the noble men and parte of the armye where hée remayned and sate downe in the seate cladde with his robe of rule being wayted vpon wyth the roddes and axes as Consulles were wont Censorinus came agaynste hym with certayne Horsemenne hys friendes perswadyng hym to flée with hys armye and bringing hym an Horse he woulde not allowe of it nor once ryse but abode the deathe Censorinus cutte off hys heade and broughte it to Cinna and was the fyrste Consulles head that was sette vppe in the common place but after him the heads of the other that were slayne were set vp also and this mischiefe beginning with Octauius continued still in such murthers of them that were counted enimies Searchers ranne straighte aboute for to fynde their foes and there was no regarde of Senator or Gentleman nor no difference made All the heads of the Senators were put vp in the common place There was neyther reuerence of the Gods nor respect of men or anye matter made of murther but all bent to cruell actes and from actes to horible fightes killing crueltie and cuttyng off the heads of them that were kylled to the feare astonishmeÌt of the beholders making thereof most miserable shewe C. Lucius Iulius Bréethren Atilius Eranius P. Lentulus G. Numitorius and M. Bebius were slayne béeyng mette in the way Crassus fledde wyth his sonne and preuented them in killing him then himselfe was killed of the pursuers Marcus Antonius an orator fledde into a Forme house the kéeper whereof receyued him gentlye and hydde hym and sendyng a Seruaunte for Wyne to a Tauerne oftner than hée was wonte the Tauerner asked hym why hée boughte Wyne so ofte he tolde hym secretely in his eare then the
but many moe were wounded Norbanus fledde to Capua Sylla and Metellus being at Theano Lucius Scipio came with an other armye verye faintly and desired peace might be made They that were wyth Sylla sent to Scipio to agrée vpon articles not so much hoping so to do any good as bycause they thought his army woulde rather reuolt by reason of their discouragemeÌt yet they met Scipio tooke hostages for the agréemeÌts went came into the field Thrée of eyther side did conferre so as it was not knowen what they dyd Scipio thought good to send Sertorius to Norbanus his felow to signifie what was spoken of both armies remaining in quiet loking for answere Sertorius in his iourney tooke Swessa that was a towne of Syllas Sylla sent a messenger to complaine with Scipio He either priuie to the fact or doubting of the answere as a thing not fitte for Sertorius sent the hostages againe to Sylla His army being offended at this déede of Sertorius in a time of treaty and at the sending againe of the hostages not being required layde al the blame vpon the Consuls priuily coÌpacted to reuolt to Sylla if he would draw néere which he doing they al weÌt vnto him leauing Scipio the Consull Lucius his sonne in the tente were taken of Sylla Me thinke it is a strange thing farre vnfitte for a Captayne to be ignoraÌt of such a practise of his whole army WheÌ Sylla could not persuade Scipio he did let him his sonne goe without hurte sent other meÌ to Norbanus to treate of conditions eyther bycause he was afraid of the force of Italy y conspired with the Consuls or y he went about to deceiue him as he had done Scipio but no man coÌming with answer bycause it séemeth Norbanus feared the like blame of his army Sylla marched toward him wasting al things as an enimie Norbanus did the like but toke other wayes Carbo made hast to the Citie proclaimed Metellus other that were gone to Sylla Rebels At this time the Capitoll was on fire some say it was Carboes worke or the Consuls some say Sylla sente to do it but the certeÌtie is vnknowen I could neuer learne which way it came Sertorius being before choseÌ Pretor of Iberia after he had deteined Swessâ he fled into his prouince and the former Prefors not receiuing him it caused the Romaines to haue much to do The army of y Consuls encreased euery day froÌ the more part of Italy from the hither side of France aboute Eridanus the Riuer Sylla was not idle but sente some of his into euery place of Italy He gote many for loue some for feare some for money and some for hope and thus was the rest of that Sommer consumed The yeare folowing Paptrius Carbo agayne and Marius nephew to the mighty Marius being xxvij yeares old were chosen Consuls the Winter the cold continuing long did deuide theÌ asunder At the beginning of the Spring about the floud Aesis froÌ morning tyl midday was a greate battaile fought betwixt Metellus and Carinna one of Carbos Pretors at the which Carinna losing manye fled away all the Countrey yéelded to Metellus forseâke the Consuls Carbo came vpoÌ Metellus beseged him til he heard y Marius the other Consull had a great ouerthrow at Preneste Then he remoued his CaÌp toward Arimino y rereward wherof was set on of Pompeius and greately distressed Sylla tooke Settâ Marius who was lodged nigh him withdrew by little little til he was come to the place called Holy Port there he set his meÌ in order and gaue Sylla a battel in y which he fought very fearcely til his left wing began to giue backe of the which fiue baÌds of footemen two of HorsemeÌ not loking for any other turne threw downe their ensignes fled to Sylla this was the cause of Marius ruine for after many were slayne y rest fled to Preneste whom Sylla followed in chace The Prenestines did receyue them that came first but when they saw Sylla at hand they shut the gates tooke in Marius with ropes The other about the walles were al slayne taken wherof many being Samnites Sylla coÌmanded to be killed as antient enimies to the Romaines At this time also the residue of Carbes army was ouercome of Metellus fiue bands whiles they fought reuolting vnto him Pompeius ouerthrewe Marcius at Sena sacked the Citie Sylla hauing Marius shut in Preneste made a treÌch about the Citie a great wall a good way off appointing Lucretius Offella to y charge not otherwise meaning to deale with Marius but with famine Marius not loking for any help would néedes kill his priuate enimies and sent to Brutus the Pretor of y Citie to assemble theÌ for another purpose to kil Pub. Ant stius the other Papirius Carbo Lucius Domitius Lucius Sceuola the great Bishop of the Romaines These two were slayne in couÌsell as Marius commanded Domitius fléeing was strickeÌ at his going out Sceuola was slaine a little before the Senate house Their bodies were cast into the Riuer for now it was out of vse to burie theÌ that were killed Sylla sent his army seuerally by diuers wayes to Rome willed theÌ to take the gates of the Citie if they were repulsed to retyre to Ostia The Cities receiued theÌ as they came with great feare and opened their Gates wheÌ they would come in and wheÌ they came to the Citie it selfe they opened the Gates for being pined wyth hunger and oppressed with desperation of presente euils they were in vre to suffer the mightier power whiche Sylla when hée knew came forward with his Camp and planted it in the fielde of Mars before the gates and entred All the contrarye faction fléeing out of the Citie their goodes he made common or caused them to be sold by Trumpet He called the people to a Counsell and lamenting the present time badde them be of a good chéere for he woulde set all in quiet and bring the common wealthe to better estate and whatsoeuer he should ordeyne all should be for the best Hauing thus disposed his matters leauing certayne of his friends to garde the Citie he went to Clusio where the remnant of the warre was In the meane time certayne Spanishe Horsemen sente from the Captaynes of Iberia came to the Consuls with whome Sylla making a fight on Horsebacke he kylled fiftie of them at the floud Clanââ and two hundred and 70. fledde vnto him the residue Carbo destroyed eyther hating the suddaine reuolting of that natioÌ or fearing the like losse by them At that time with the other part of his armyes Sylla ouercame his enimies about Saturnia and Metellus comming to Rauenna by shippe did winne the region of the Vritanes abundante with grasse and Corne. Certayne other of Syllas people entring Naples
whiche was very riche and thus was Preneste taken Norba an other Citie did still stoutely resist him till A Emilius Lepidus gote into the Citie by policie in the night whiche thyng the Citizens perceyuing and being in desperation part killed one an other part killed themselues part hung themselues part shut their dores and part set their houses a fire whiche by the winde grew so great as the Citie was burned and no man had the spoyle Thus they manfully died Italy béeyng thus afflicted with fire famine and slaughter the Captaynes of Sylla went to euery place setting garrisons where suspect was and Pompeius went into Lybia and Sicilia against Norbanus and his partakers Sylla called the Romaines to a Counsell speaking verye magnifically of himselfe and verye horribly for them making this conclusion that he would reduce the Romaine people to better state if they obeyed him but he purposed not to spare one of his enimies but extreamely to punishe them were they Pretors Questors Tribunes or any other that had conspired with his foes since the daye that Scipio brake promise wyth him which being sayd he proscribed to death fortie Senatoures and a thousand sixe hundred Gentlemen of the Romaines he is the first that we finde did proscribe men to dye He appointed rewards for the killers and the bewrayers of the offendoures and penalties for them that did hide any of them Shortly after he added more Senators to the first which suddaynely were kylled where they were founde some in the stréetes some in their houses and some in the Temples some were brought vnto him on high throwen before his féete some were dragged some were beaten no maÌ daring speake one word at the pitiful sight héereof for feare of the smart some were banished and their goodes gyueÌ to other some were sought for that were fledde who being scourged euery where were miserably done to death Against the Itlians also were many murthers many banishmeÌts many publicaties of their goodes that had any way obeyed Carbo Norbanus or Marius or any of their officers for the which sharp iudgemeÌt was giuen ouer all Italy Many and diuers accusations also were made vpon Captaines and armyes and them that lente any money or shewed other seruice or counsell against Sylla Hospitality also and curtesie done by the way in iourneys or any other lyke friendship as lending or borrowing of money or kéeping company was punished The rich men were most sharply handled in all these things when accusatioÌs failed in particular men Sylla turned to whole Cities some he punished by pulling downe their forts some their walles he made equal with the ground to some he put a publike payne or else a yearely taxe some he gaue in habitation to them that had serued him among whome also he deâided the houses and landes of the Citizens whiche thing made them sure to him all his life and as men that were certen of nothing but by his weale and safetie they mainteyned his quarell after he was dead This was now the state of Italy Pompey had intercepted Carbo and such noble men as were with him flying from Lybia to Sicilia and from Sicilia to Cosyra commaunding all to be killed before they come in his sight except Carbo who was brought bound vnto him and layde before his féete hauing bin thesce Consull After a long rebuke he condemned hym to death and sente his head to Sylla who hauing all thinges as he would against his enimies sauing Sertorius who was farre off and the only enimie remaining He sente Metellus to ouerthrowe him in Iberia All ciuill matters he vsed as he listed lawes creations by voyces elections by lottes was no more spoken of euery man fearing eyther hiding themselues or holding their peace or confirming by decrée as sure and irreuocable whatsoeuer he had done eyther as Consull or Proconsull They set vp his Image of golde on Horsebacke in the common Palace with this Title Cornelius Sylla the happy Captayne For so did Flatterers vse to call him in his fortunate fightes againste his foes whiche name beginning of flattery remayned firme and stable I haue séene in some writings that he was called by decrée Sylla the gratious whiche thing is not incredible tâ me bycause he was after named the Fortunate which be names very nigh to lucky and gratious There is also an Oracle of continuance when he searched for things to come Credite me O Romaine Venus hath giuen great power Vnto Aeneas lasting line But thou honour Each of the Gods yearely and do them not forget Thy giftes to Delphos send and one the Mount so great Of cloudy Taure shall climbe where Venus auntient race At Cares Citie dwell and doth surname the place And offering there thine axe shalt take the royall mace The Romaines wrote the same vpon his image whiche as I thinke they did to taunt him or to mollifie him he sent a crowne of golde and an are with this inscription To thee Venus these giftes the Monarch Sylla sends According to his dreame that all to battell tends To Mar and martiall seâtes his whole intente he bends Being nowe a King or Tirante not chosen but by force and violence wanting an apparance to séeme to be chosen he inuented this craft In old time kings for their vertue did rule Rome when any of theÌ did die one Senator after an other did rule fiue dayes til the people had chosen an other to be kyng him y ruled those fiue days they called a king betwene for in that meane time he was a king The electioÌs of the CoÌsuls was euer done by them that ended their office but if by chace there was no CoÌsul present theÌ was there also a king betwéene made til the CoÌsuls were elected Sylla following this custome no maÌ being Consull after the death of Carbo in Sicilia Marius in Preneste he weÌt out of the Citie coÌmanded the Senate the a King betwéene should be chosen so by theÌ Valerius Flaccus was chosen thinking he woulde haue procéeded to the Consuls electioÌ but Sylla seuerally by his letters willed Flaccus that he should propouÌd to the people that Sylla thought it expedieÌt that one should be created the ruler in she Citie that was named Dictator now not vsed four C. yeares since whomesoeuer they chose they should perswade him not to giue it ouer at a time but to coÌtinue it til he had appesed Rome Italy other kingdomes now afflicted with seditioÌ Euery maÌ in his mind thought this was meant of Sylla he did not much disseÌble it for in the end of his letters he signified that he it was if it should so seeme to theÌ that should be so profitable to the coÌmoÌ wealth Thus he wrote The Rumaines that now could do nothing in lawful electioÌs nor had now any authoritie embracing a shew of
woulde not admit hym and fought very valiantly with Metellus that was sent against hym of Sylla and being couragious to anye feate elected a Senate of thrée hundred of his present friends which he called the Romaine Senate in dispight whereof hee named it the Choice Counsell Sylla being dead and after hym Lepidus Sertorius hauing another army of Italians which Perpenna brought vnto him as a Pretor of Lepidus he had an opinion to be able to make warre vppon Italy which the Senate fearing sente another armye and another Pretor whiche was Pompey to the army that was before in Iberia who being but a yong Gentleman was renowmed for the seruice he had done vnder Sylla in Libya and in Italy He passed the Alpes very boldly not that way that Anniball did so notablye but brake another way by the fountaines of Rodanus and Eridanus both the whiche floudes haue theyr springs not far asunder from the high Alpes Rodanus runneth by the Frenchemen that he beyond the Alpes into the Tirrâne sea the other within the Alpes flowing to Ionia and in stéede of Eridanus is called Padus Being come into Iberia Sertorius straight did ouerthrowe one legion goyng a foraging with their baggage and slaues The Citie of Lauâone in Pompeius sighte he spoiled and ouerthrew At this siege a woman being missused of a souldior with courage beyonde nature of hir kinde pulled out hys eies Sertorius hauing vnderstanding of the chaunce putte to death the whole baÌd being counted corrupted in like things though it were al of the Romaines then winter comming on they rested The Spring approching they came forth Metellus and Pompey froÌ the mount Pirinei and Sertorius with Perpenna from Lusitania They met at a Citie called Sura where giuing battell though an horrible thunder in y clere aire which is maruellous lightnings out of reason did flash vpon theÌ yet they as expert souldiors without fearâ kept y fight made great murder one of another til Metellus had ouerthrown Perpenna and scattered his men Sertorius ouercome Pompey who was hurt in y thigh with a darte and escaped wyth much daÌger This was the end of the first battel Sertorius had a white Harte tame to him very louing the which being loste he tooke it for an euill token woulde not come forth for griefe thinking his Hart had bin takeÌ of his enimies who scorned him for it but when y Hart was séene again came running to him by by as by y prouoked he set vpoÌ his enimies made diuers light fightes Shortly after they fought a great battel about SaguÌtia froÌ noone till night in y which he ouercame Pompey in the battel of horsmeÌ flew .vj. M. of his enimies lost halfe so many of his own Metellus of that other side killed .v. M. of PerpeÌnas camp The nexte day Sertorius with an huge nuÌber of Barbarians a little before night set vpoÌ Metellus had brokeÌ his campe if Pompey had not approched made him leaue his bold enterprise These thinges being done in soÌmer they retired to their winter harborow The yere folowing being y Clxvj. Olimp. 2. of y coÌfedered nations did fal to the Romaines Bythinia giuen by Nicomedes Cyrene by Tolomeus Lagus called Appion leauing it to theÌ by Testament On the other side great enimies discouered against them Sertorius in Spain Mithridates in y East rouers ouer al that sea a stir in Creta a tumult of the FeÌce-players of Italy very sodain and sharp The Romains diuiding their power for this purpose set .ij. legions into Iberia which being come Metellus Pompey remoued froÌ their wintrings at y mount Pirenei into Iberia Sertorius Perpenna came froÌ Luâitania at the which time many fled froÌ Sertorius to Metellus with the which Sertorius being grieued he haÌdled many cruelly barbarously wherby he grew into hate of the army the rather for that he remoued the Romains froÌ the custody of hys body put the Celtiberians in their place They could not abide to be reproued of vnfaithfulnesse though they serued an ennimy to Rome but this thing chiefly grieued theÌ that they were counted rebels to their couÌtry for his sake yet suspected of him that with him ther was no difference betwene a fugitiue a faithful The Celtiberians also vsed theÌ dispitefully taunted them as vnfaithful notwithstaÌding the Romains did not vtterly forsake him bycause of their commodities for there was not a more valiaÌt nor fortunate captaine than hee in somuche as the Celtiberians woulde call hym Anniball for hys promptnesse who was the moste politicke and forwarde Capitayne that they coulde rehearse After this sort stoode the army with Sertorius Metellus people did daily molest the Cities coÌpell many to yéelde vnto theÌ Pompeius besieged Palantia and wyth tymber had made waye to scale the wall Sertorius came to the reliefe and remoued the siege ⪠Pompey burned hys timber worke destroyed the walles and retyred to Metellus Sertorius repaired the Citie and spéedilye weÌt toward Calagyrus where encouÌtring with theÌ that lay there he killed 3000. of them And these were the doings in Iberia this yere The yere following the Romaine capitaines with greater courage set vpoÌ the Cities that held with Sertorius tooke some of theÌ other they sought to get by pollicie as they did not vsing theyr whole force at euery atteÌpt But the yere folowing came stronger to the field did their things with more confideÌce Nowe Sertorius began to decay God being against hym and hee omitting the laws trauailes of a captain gaue himselfe to delicatenesse and womeÌ feasting drinking for these causes he was many times ouercome falling into furies rages for euery trifle suspected euery man Wherefore PerpeÌna y from the faction of Aemilius came vnto him with a gret army begaÌ to doubt of him conspired against him wyth tenne other the which béeyng discouered some were hanged and some escaped but Perpenna not beeyng named as was his maruellous good hap perseuered the rather in hys purpose he desired Sertorius to a banquet and although he neuer wente withoute hys Guarde yet at the seaste little respect being had and hee and all they ouerladen with Wine Perpenna cut off his heade in the place where he feasted The armye wyth great ire and tumulte rose againste Perpenna chaunging theyr hate into loue of the Capitaine for though before they hadde us greate lykyng of hym now that hee was deade remembraunce of his vertue tourned their mindes to pitie And in thys present case they contemned Perpenna as a priuate man and thinking their only weale did consist in Sertorius they could not abide Perpenna not only they but the Lusitanes and other Barbarians thought as much whome Sertorius chiefly vsed in the warre and when the tables of his Testament were
before him like a Proconsull very fondly went to Manlius taking vp souldiours by the way Now was it thought good to Lentulus his coÌpanions as soone as they heard Cateline to be at Fesule that Lentulus himself Cethegus should beset Ciceros house early in the morning with weapons hid that they being let in bicause of their dignities should speake with him by talke draw him a good way off and when they had him from other coÌpany to kil him Then should Lucius Sextius a Tribune by by cal an assemblie by the ordinarie officers accuse Cicero as a maÌ feareful troublesome a disturber of the citie when there was no such cause and the night after this Oration of Sextius to set the citie a fire in other .xij. places to spoyle it kil the best me This was y opinioÌ of Lentulus Cethegus Statilius Sextius chiefe of y coÌspiracie wayted for the time There were embassadours of Sauââ ⪠to coÌplain of their gouernours which by Lentulus were admitted to â conspiracie y they should stirre their couÌtrie against the Romanes Lââuâus sent Vuiturtius of Croâone with theÌ to Cateline carying letters without any name The Embassadours being afraide did coÌmunicate with Fabrus Sanga who was their patrone as euery other citie had in Rome Cicero vnderstaÌding this by Sanga appreheded both them Vulturtius as they were goyng away a brought them to the Senate to whom they coÌfessed al they had learned of Lentulus and with much ââo bewrayed that Cornelius Lentulus had oft sayde y by destââte ââ Cornelius should be Monarches of Rome whereof â were past Cinn Sylla When these things were declared the Senate put Lentulus out of his office Cicero coÌmitted euery of the to the houses of the pretors straight returned called ter sentece There was much ado about the counsell house for y truth was not yet knowne ⪠the conspiratours were afraide of themselues The seruaunts fréemade meÌ of Lentulus Câtââgus got many artificers with theÌ and weÌt to the backe sides of the Pretors houses to haue taken away their maisters whiche when Cicero heard he ran out of the counsell house hauing set garde in euery place came againe and hastned the iudgement Syllanus spake first as he that was elected to be Consull next for it was the Romaines maner to haue him speake first that should folow in the Consuls office bicause as I think he should comânly crecute the decrées therby coÌsider the more ripely morely of euery of them Syllmus was of opinion y these men should haue extreme punishment and many other consented to his iudgement till Nero muste say his minde who thought it good to kéepe them in prison til Cateline were ouerthrowen and the thing throughly knowne C. Caeser who was not without suspition to be priuie to this coÌspiracie with whom Cicero durst not contend bycause he was so accepted to the people added more that Cicero shoulde place them in such Cities of Italie as he thought good til Cateline were dispatched and then to be brought to iudgemente that no eâtremitye shoulde be vsed againste so noble men that myghte seeme voyde of cight or reason This sentence seming indistereÌt manâ allowed of it and rashly consented to it til Cato plainely had discouered the suspitioÌ against Caesar and Cicero fearing that this night some trouble would folowe that the multitude that were acquainted with the matter and then remayned doubtful in the common place would do mischiefe and for some inconuenience as wel of the one as of the other determined to execute the without iudgement as apparant offenders Cicero brought euery one of them the Senate yet sitting to the coÌmon prison and without knowledge of the people put them to death Then he went to theÌ that were in the common place and told theÌ they haue liued wherat they dispersed with feare were glad to hide theÌselues as wel as they could so the citie that at that present was in great feare ⪠receyued a little comfort Cateline had nowe gathered xx M. and armed the fourth part of them was going into ãâã for more preparation but Antonie the other Consul encountred him in the Alpes and without great ado ouerthrew him as one that suriously had taken so horrible a thing in hand whiche when it came to the triall without order erecuted the sââne although neither he nor none other of the nobles that were of that conspiracie would agrée to flée but running among the enimies were slâin in the middest of them Thus the rebellion of Cateline which had almost brought the Cittie to vtter destruction was dissolued Cicero y before was only notable for his eloquence nowe also both for worde and deede was extolled and playnly appeared the preseruer of his perishing countrie wherfore thankes were giuen him in the whole assembly and diuerse sholutes of prayse made vnto him wheras Cato thought hym worthy the name of father of the country the people confirmed it with a cry This honorable name being giueÌ first to Cicero is nowe attributed also to such Emperors as be worthy For this title is not giueÌ to euery king with the rest of his other stile but in tyme with great ado is decreede vnto him as a perfecte ãâã mony of hys excellent vertue Caesar was chosen Liuetenant for Spaine and of hys cred ãâ¦ã was staide in Rome for so much did he owe more than hâ ãâã worth as they report he saide hee had neede of twoo ãâã and fiue hundred millions to haue nothing yet agreeing ãâã hys creditours as well as he could he went into Spâââe where he did not deale wyth Citie matters or by sessions take order for their causes thinking that nothing serued hys purpose bââ thered men and in tyme subdued all the rest of Spaâââ til hee had brought it subiect and tributarie to the Romaines He sent muche money to the common treasure of Rome wheresore the Senate graunted him a triumphe he made preparation of a great shew in the suburbs of Rome The tyme of election of newe Consulls was come and he that stode for the office must be present and if he were once entred he could not returne agayne to make triumphs He being very desirous of the Consulship and not yet ready for the triumph sente to the Senate and desired he might aske the office by his friends in his absence although it were against the Lawe But Cato spake againste it so as the lasâe day of the election was spent in reasoning Wherefore Caesar set aside the triuÌph and came running to the election desired the office At thys time Pompey was in great power and glory for his victory againste Methridates he required that many things which be had graunted to Kings Princes and other estates might hee confirmed by acte of Parliament The
which request many ânuied specially Lucullus who made warre agaynst Methridates before and broughte him so weake that it was an easie matter to ouercome him so as indede the seate against Methridates was properly hys and Crassus tooke parte wyth Lucullus Whereat Pompey being grieued he ioyned with Caesar and promised by oth to make hym Consull and Caesar reconciled Crassus to Pompey And these three hauing greatest power of al did serue one anothers turne insomuche as one Vaâro a writer in one of hys bookes did cal this agreement a triple salling headlong The Senate hauing them in suspition did choose Lucius Bibuâââââ the other Consul to withstande Caesar and they straighte fell to conteâââââ and made priuate preparation of armour one againste another Caesar was a deepe dissembler in the Senate house vsed speaches of reconcilâation wâth ãâ¦ã that by their dissention the coÌ non ââ aâth âught take no ââathe Hee giuing creotie to this preteâce being vnââââsed and vnprepared and ignorant of Caeââââ meaning sonne that hee hadde made greate promsion in sâcrââte and deââiâd lawes for the poore agaynste the Senate dâââdââng landes vnto them the beste that was aboute ãâ¦ã he appointed as of the common treasure to be bestowed vppon them that had bin fathers of three children and by thys meane he âââ the harts of the multitude For twenty thousande were a compted only to take the benefite of three children Many of the Senate were againste this purpose Wherfore ãâ¦ã with a famed anger that they would not admitte so ââste a thing âân ouâe and would not call the Senate togââher al the yeare after But in the common place hee woulde speake to the people âââ enquired of Pâmpây and Crasâââ how they liked of the laââââ ãâ¦ã their cââseate he willed the people to come to the ââââobation of them with their weapons hid The Senate bycause it was not lawfull to assemble vnlesse truth Consuls were present went to ãâ¦ã house bycause they had not foresome to make resistaÌce to Câsââ exhorted ãâ¦ã to âââhst ââde the lawes that it might not sâme hee was ouerâruâââ by negligence but of necessitie ãâ¦ã was persuaded and ãâ¦ã the Common place wâiles Câsâr was yet speaking to the people Then was there much sââise and disorder and some hurte for they wyth hâââ weapons brake the roddes and ââââes of ãâ¦ã and wounded the Tribunes that were about hââm ãâ¦ã not abashed offred his throat and wyth a loude voice called Caesârs rowâe to y déede saying If I cannot perâuade Caesar to Justice by my death I throwe vppon hym all thys blame and mischiefe Notwythstandyng hys friendes thoughe againste hys will conueyed hym into the nexte Temple of Iuâââer possessour Cato was sente for and lyke a young man thruste in among them and beganne to speake but being ouerpreste with ãâ¦ã s men he was putte out againe yet priââly comming in another way he ranne vppe to the place of speache and determining to speake nothing else he sharpely cried out againste Câsar ãâ¦ã was pulled downe Then Caesar pronounced the lawes and caused the people so sweate vnto them as euer to continue in effect ⪠He coÌââânded the Senat to sweare also Whereof âânye and Caââ not agreeing Caesar threatned death vnlesse they sware and the people confirmed it so that for feare they sware and so did the Tribunes also bycause it auatled no more to resist the lawe being pronââced by other Vetius a manne of the common sorte came running among them with a naked sworde saying he was sent of Bibâlus ââââo Cato to kill Caesar and Pompey and that the sworde was delyuered hym of ãâ¦ã one of Bibâlus Sargeants And although euerye man suspected this deuise yet Caesar stirred the people and appointed the nexte daye to examine Vetiuâ He was coÌâââted to prison and was deade that nighte Thys chaunce also being diuersly construed Caesar didde not omitte to worke it for hys purpose affirmâng that they that were afraide had done it Where upon the people did graunte reuenge to be had of his enâmies Then Bibâlus lettyng all goe oute of hys handes as a priuate manne came not oure of his house all the reste of the yeare of hys office Nowe Caesar made no more inquisition of Vetius but hauing all the power of the common wealth alone made more lawes to allure the people and to confyrme all that Pompey hadde doone accordyng to his promyse There were that had the name of Gentlemen in the citie and were in the midde place betweene the Senate and the people These men might do much both for their own substance for y gathering of tributes tolâcs which the people did pay wherof a number attended vppon them moste assuâedly They made suit ââ the Senate to be discharged of parte of the rent The Senate made some sticking at it but Caesar not regarding that only vsing the people did reââtte the thirde parte of the rent vnto them They hauing beyond their expectation obtayned suche beneââââ by hys goodnesse did extoll hym like a God and so Caesar by ãâ¦ã e had another companie stronger vnto hym than the people was Then Caesar made shewes and huntings vnto them sââding vpon âuârâ thing more than he was able exceeding all y had bin before tyme in sââptuous preparation bountifull rewardes Wherfore they made him ruler of France bothe on thys ââââ and beyonde the Alpes for fyue yeares and for his office he had some legions appointed He considering that his absence should be long and that enuy would be greater than the greatest fauour beâlowed his daughter in mariage vpon Pompey although Scipio were yet aliue fearing that Popey though he were his friend might ââââ the greatnesse of his feliciââe he made the moste seditious men officers for the next yere Aulus Gabiâââ he declared Consull who was his chiefe sââend and marryed Calphuââââ daughter to Lâââus Piss that should be Consull with him ââââ âââing oute that rule was rated by makyng of wanton mariages Tribunes he appointed Vaâââtuâ and Clâââââ called the Faire who was sâââlâ dissâmed for a suspition wyth Iulâa Caâââ wise in the sacrifice that belonged ânelye to women For the whiche althoughe Câââr didde putte awaye hys wise yet he made nothing adâe with hym bycause he was accepted to the people yet other did accuse hym for disparaging the holye sacrifice and ââcârâ did speake against hym Caesar was called to gyue witnesse but he said nothing and rather made hym Tribune of the people to ântrap Câââerâ who spake againste the alliaunce of the three men as a thing tending to tyraâny Thus did griefe giue place to gaine and one ãâ¦ã benefited that another mighte bée hindred and it shoulde séeme that Clodius had gratifyed Caesar before in the getting of hys office in Fraunce These thinges didde Caesar beyng Consull and when hee hadde gyuen ouer one office hee strayghte coueted another Clodius accused
Cicero that hée hadde contrarie to lawe putte to death Lentulus and Cethegus before the Senate had giuen sentence Cicero that in that matter had vsed moste noble courage nowe being called to answere was verye fainte harted Hee put on a mourning vesture and ful of wéeping and sorrowe he humbled himselfe to all that he met in the streates not beeing ashamed to trouble them whom he neuer knew so that his behauior was so vnséemely that they which should haue pitied him laughed him to scorne to so great fearfulnesse for one cause of his owne was he fallen that all his life had done most gloriously for others euen as they say Demosthenes of Athes was not able to answere in his own cause but before he was condeÌned fled away Clodius with spite did mock his lowlinesse to meÌ abroad whereby being brought to desperatioÌ he also tooke a voluÌtary banishmeÌt many of his friends going forth with him and the Senate recommending him to Cities Kings Princes Clodius pulled downe hys houses both in the Citie and Country pleased hymself so well with thys act as he would néeds compare with Pompey who had then the greatest auctoritie in the Citie Wherfore he called Milo that was fellow to Clodie and a bolder man than hee putting hym in hope of the Consulship to be againste his fellow and to make a decrée for Ciceros returne supposing that Cicero woulde nowe deale with matters and actions against Clodie no more busy hymself in speaking against the presente auctoritie Thus Cicero that by Pompey was caste oute by the same was called home the sixteenth moneth after his banishment and hys house fermes were builded of the common coste He was receyued with great glory euerye man wayting for hym at the gate spending one whole daye in embracements and welcomâ euen as hapned to Demosthenes at his returne from ârâââ In this meane tyme Caesar had done greate feates among the Frenchmen and Britains as I haue shewed in my booke of the Frenche matters and being full of riches he came to that part of Fraunce that consineth with Italy at soe sloude Eridanus to recreate his army a while after their continuall warfare From whence he sent to diuerse men greate summes of money The yearely officers by turne came to visite hym and so did the Presidents of Prouinces the Generals of armies and other noble men so as sometime there were a hundred and twenty Maceâ about hym and more than twoo hundred Senatours some to thanke him for their offices some to seeke money and some for one thing and some for another For nowe he tooke vppon hym all thynges by the greatnesse of hys armye the abundaunce of riches and by friendeship that he had wonne of al sortes Both Pompey and Crassus sellowes of his power came to him They agréede that Pompey and Crassus should be Consulls againe and that Crassus shoulde haue the rule of the nations he had for other siue yeares and so they departed Donutius Aââ barbus stoode agaynste Pompey for the Consulship and when the day was come bothe came in he night into the fielde to the election And such was the strife as it came to stâââes till one with a sworde stroke hym that bare Aenobarbââ târâh and then euery man fled from hym He had much adoe to be conueyed home in sasety Pompeys gowne was found bloudy and borne home So nigh peril were both parts Thus Pompeyus and Crassus being chosen Consulles they decréede to Caesar other fiue yeres as they had determined the Prouinces and armies they diâided betwen them Pompey tooke Spaine and Barbarie to the which he sent his friends and he remained in Rome Crassus chose Syria and the nations next vnto it for desire he had to make war vpon the Parthââns which he thoughte would be bothe easie and profitable to his renowme But as before he weÌt out of the citie al tokens séemed vnlucky so the Tribunes did forbid hym to molest the Parthians that had made no fault And bycause hée woulde not regarde they made publique execration vpon hym whiche he contemning was in the same warre with hys sonne of that name destroyed and scarcely .x. M of an C. M. did escape by flight into Syria But this calamitie of Crassus is declared in the booke of the Parthian warres The Romaines being molesied with dearth made Pompey General Prouider of viâââals and as they were wont in Pyrats war ioyned .xx. Senators with hym as assistants vnto him He sent them to euery country and made suche spéede as Rome was by by fulfilled with plentye of vââââall whereby he grew into greater glory and auctoritie than he was before At this time Caesars daughter that was marryed to Pompey dyed wherfore euery man was afraide that this affinity being broken they two would contende with greate force The state of the citie was in trouble and disorder for the rulers did al for gaine and ambition with force weapons moued sedition They were not ashamed of briberie nor corruption so they might be made rich The people woulde not giue their voyces vnlesse they were hyred There was séene .viij. C. tallents putte in pawne for the nomination to an office The yearely Consuls were reiect from armies and prouinces being taken away by y power of these thrée men They that were of worst behauiour sought their gaine by armies and publike matters of the Citie by the electioÌs of their priuate successors by reason wherof the honest sort did vtterly leaue to rule insomuche as in this disorder the Citie was .viij. moneths without a Magistrate Pompey of purpose did winke at all this geare that the necessitie of tyme might make hym a ruler alone and now it was spoken in euery place that the only remedy to these mischiefs was the auctority of one whom it behoued to choose being mighty of power and gentle of nature signifying that Pompey had a sufficient army counted a louer of the people for his honor did leade y Senat in lyfe sober and sincere and in conuersation affable either in déede or apparaunce He in worde séemed to bée angrye at this expectation but in effect he wrought it secreatelye all that euer he coulde and willingly looked awry at the disorder of the common wealth and the lacke of officers in the same confusion And whereas â Milo did serue his tourne against Clodie and was well beloued of the people for the returne of Cicero looked for the Consulship at due time required for that office he did kéepe hym backe by delaying the election Wherefore Milo taking it vnkindly that hee shoulde finde Pompey vnfaithfull wente into the Countrey to Lauââto which Citie they saye Aencas commyng from ââoy did first builde in Italy being from Rome aboute eightéene myles Clodie came ryding from hys house and met hym at ãâ¦ã and passed the one by the other onely
Barbarians be with vs al kings y be friends to â Romains to me haue sente armies weapons vittails al other necessaries Therfore go to it chéerefully as to a thing worthy your countrey your selues me being mindâul of Gâsar dispitefulnesse with spéede fulfil that shal be appointed you This he said Al the army and as many Senators Gentlemen as were there which was a greate and a goodly cââanâ with one voice did praise hym praied hym to leade them as he thought good Then he set some ships to kéepe the sea and sente his army to winter at Macedonia thinking Caesar woulde deser sayling ouer till after winter the tyme being harde and the seas rough and haue remayned at Rome bycause he was Consull and settle hys rule there so far amisse did he coniecture of that that was to come For Caesar as I sayd before in the midst of winter did go to Brunduse supposing he should most amaze his enimies by commyng on the sodayn Therfore neither hauing victuall nor prouision nor all his army there he called theÌ that were present to an assembly and thus said vnto them Neither the hardenesse of the tyme O friends that ioyne wyth mée in this moste noble enterprise neyther the delay of others nor the want of conuenient preparation doe wythdraw me from my purpose for surely I thinke that expedition is the best way for me and we that be firste here to go first on with the matter As for seruants carriage and baggage I thinke it beste to leaue behynde vs that the shippes that bee nowe here may receiue vs only as passengers and we deceiue oure ennimies and sette good fortune againste euil tyme bold courage agaynste our smal number and our ennimies plenty against our penury all the which shall be in oure power if wée thinke nothing to be our own but that we shall winne by force Let vs go therfore againste their slaues their prouision and victualles whiles they be in houses for feare of winter weather Lette vs goe whiles Pompey trusts that I spende the winter in shewes and sacrifices of a Consull You knowe that I take the chiefeste point in wârres to be attempts of the sodayne It is honourable to preuent the first opinion âf thyngs to come and to foresee ââre receyt there for theÌ y folow vs next I haue thoughte thys time méeter to hast than to stay that Pompey who thinks I am yet at Rome aboute my Consulship may sée me at hys camââ and thoughe that I am wel assured of youre good willes yet ê tarry for your answere All the army cryed with great vehemencie that hee should ⪠leade them forth Then he came from hys seate and had them to the sea being fiue legions of footemen and sixe hundred horse men chosen lying at anker bycause of the roughe seas The winter Sunne was at the lowest ⪠and the winde kepte hym backe agaynste hys will and euill content who tarryed ââ Brunduse till the first day of the newe yeare Then came there ââ hym two legions more whome he conueyed ouer that winter ââ hulkes for he hadde but fewe Gallies and they were lefte for the custody of Sicelie and Sardinia He was by tempest driuen to y mount Cerâuno from whence he sent hys nauy backe to feâââ the reste of hys army He in the night went to the Citie of Oriââ and for the hard straighte and rocky way was compelled to diuide his army into many partes as the sharpenesse of the countrey myghte serue so as if hys commyng had béene knowne hee might easily haue bin kept backe Aboute the breake of the day ⪠with muche adâ he gathered his army togither The people of the Citie saide vnto the Gouernor that it was not lawfull to kéepe oute the Romaine Consull when he came therfore the Gouernour delyuered the keyes to Caesar and continued wyth hym in place of honor Lucretius and Minuâius on the other side of Orico wyth eightéen Galââis to guarde the victuall that came by shippe to Pompey drowned their ships that Caesar shoulde not take them and fled to Durazzo From Orier Caesar went to Appolonia where he was receyued of the Citizens and Stamerius the Gouernour left the Citie There Caesar calling hys souldiors togyther putte them in ââ membraunce what they had done by good fortune in the harde winter they were Lords of the sea without shippes they hadde wonne Orico and Valona without fight they had gotten their enimies things Pompey being yet ignorant Nowe sayeth he if wée can catch Durazzo whiche is the Baron of Pompeys prouision alâ is in our handes that they haue bin labouring for an whole Sommer When he had sayd thus he ledde them wyth speede to Durazzo a long way resting neyther day neâ nygâte ⪠Pompey hearyng this came with great hast from Macedonia cutting downe the trees as he went to stoppe the way to Caesar Hee pulled downe bridges and burnt all prouision by the way thynking it as it was in deede to be a good deuice for to haue onely that preparation that mighte serue himselfe If any dust fyre or smoke were seene to eyther of them a farre off thinking it had bin of the contrary part they stroue who shoulde runne fastest sparing no time neyther from meate nor sleepe Hast there was and spéede with crying out vpon them that ledde theÌ with torchelightes whereof grew disorder and feare as the enâmies had bân at their héeles some for wéerinesse threw downe their burthens or withdrew themselues aside into some corners thinking it better to be lefte behinde with present rest than to goe on to it withoute feare of the enimie Both sides taking these paynes Pompey came firste to Durazzo and encamped at the walles By his Nauie he gote Orico agayne and gaue better guard for the Sea. Caesar lay ouer against Pompey the floud Alore slowing betwéene them There were diuers skirmishes by them that passed the floud ⪠but they neuer broughte forthe their whole power for Pompey did trayne his yong Souldyers and Caesar looked for the rest from Brunduse He thoughte that if they came forthe in the Spring in greate Shippes they could not escape the Galleys of Pompey that scowred the Seas and wayted for them but if they did come forthe in Winter when the enimie must many tymes take the Ilands for their harborough they might escape them or by the winde or their waighte mighte passe through them where vpon he sente for them with great hast and bycause they came not when he looked he purposed himselfe to goe to them for that they woulde not so soone come with an other and kepte his determination secrete He sente thrée of his seruants to the floud ⪠twelue furlongs off to hire a swifte vessell of good proofe as for one that should be dispatched from Caesar He rose from the table as not well at câst and âad his friends sitte
Philips daughter he married a mayde and loued hir full déerely and after he had children by hir he gaue hir to his friend Hortensio that was desirous of children and could not get a fruitefull wife and when she was with child by him he receyued hir home again as with interest This was Catos behauiour The Vticenses buryed him verye honorably Caesar fayde that Cato enuyed his glorious procéedings Cicero made a booke in the praise of him and called it Cato Caesar made another in the disprayse of him and called it Anticato Iuba and Petreius hearing what was done and thinking no saferie nor escape to be left for them with their swordes killed one another in their house Caesar made Iubas Kingdome tributarie to Rome and appointed Crispus Salustius to be Lieutenant of it He pardoned the Vticenses and Catos sonne and a daughter of Pompey wyth two little childreÌ whome he tooke at Vtica he sent safe to Pompey Of the thrée hundred as many as he found he put to death Lucius Scipio the Generall kéeping the seas all Winter till he fell amoÌg the enimies behaued himselfe very valiantly till he was ouercome and then stroke himselfe and lept into the Sea. This was the end of Caesars warre in Libya Then he went to Rome and made foure triumphes of the FreÌch of the which he had ouerthrowne many and greate nations and the other reuolting he brought to order of Pharnace at Pontus of Libya and the confederates of Scipio where Iuba the sonne of Iuba the wrighter of Histories béeyng yet an infant was brought He shewed also a certaine triumph of Aegipt with a fighte by water at Nilus whiche was done betwéene the French and the Pharnatian triumph but he refrayned from triumphing of the Romaines as ciuil matter not fit for him lothsome and vnlucky to y Romaines to be shewed in triumph yet all the chances and y men in pictures diuers images Pompey except he brought in him only he forbad to be shewed bicause he was so wel beloued of all sorts The people though they were afrayd sighed at this sighte especially when they saw Lucius Scipis the generall strike himselfe to the heart fall into the Sea Petreius in his tent so to kill himselfe and Cato tearing his bowels like a brute beast but at the death of Achillas and Photinus they reioyced and at the flight of Pharnaces they laughed The money that was brought in the triumphes is said to be 70. Talents and an halfe and two thousande eyght hundred two and twenty Crownes of gold the waight whereof did excéede twenty thousand foure hundred fouretéene pound waight by the which after y triumphes were ended he performed al that he had promised to his army more to To euery souldier he gaue fiue M. drammes of Athens to a leader of a bande twice so much to a Captayne of a thousande and a Lieutenante of Horsemen twice so muche more and to euery one of the people one pounde of Athens Hée exhibited manye shewes of horse and musicke and fighting on foote one thousand against an other and of horsemen two thousand against so many and other of footemen and Horsemen mingled togither and of Elephantes twentye agaynste twentye and a fight by Sea of foure hundred Galleys and a thousande of eyther side He erected a Temple to Venus hys auncester as hée vowed at Pharsalo and about the temple a goodly court which he would should be called the Romaines court not for bying and selling but for conference as among the Persians there is for them that will haue any doubt discussed touching iustice The Image of Cleopatra was set vp by the Goddesse very faire whiche is yet séene there A view of the people was made and they fouÌd scarcely halfe so many men aliue as were before the beginning of the warre so much had contention wasted the Citie Now was he made Consull the fourth time and went into Iberia against yong Pompey as to the leauings of the ciuill warre not to be neglected for all the best men that fledde out of Libya resorted to him and all the remnant of the armies at Pharsalo and other places repaired thither Of y Iberianes and Celtiberianes very valiant natioÌs vsed to the warres and of slaues a multitude dyd serue Pompey and hauing bin exercised foure yeares were ready to fight with desperate minde Pompey putting great trust in this refused not to fighte but woulde néedes trye it out wyth Caesar as soone as he came But the auntient and wise meÌ in experience that were come from Pharsalo and Lybia did rather aduise him to consume Caesar in time and to distresse him with want as in those strange places he might Caesar came from Rome in seaueÌ and twenty dayes passing a long way with a greate army and suche a feare fell among them that he broughte as neuer did before bycause of the multitude experience and desperation of the enimies wherefore Caesar came the flowlyer forth and bycause he vsed some foresight Pompey came lustily vpon him and vpbrayded him of fearefulnes which rebuke Caesar could not suffer but made order for the battell at Corduba his worde was Venus and Pompeys Pietie When they shoulde goe to it a feare and dreadfull slouthfulnesse tooke Caesars army wherefore he besought all the Goddes and held vp his hands to Heauen that he might not lose all his noble actes by this one Battell and therefore went about the army and exhorted them to be bold He pulled his headpeece from his head that they might sée his face and so receyue good heart but they for all that could not put awaye their feare till Caesar tooke a Target from one of them and to the Captaynes about him thus sayde Shall this be the ende to mée of life and to you of seruice and ranne from the army so farre as he was but tenne foote from his enimies who threwe two hundred dartes at him of the which he shunned part and part he receyued on the Target Then his Captaynes ranne aboute him euery man and the whole army set forward with great violeÌce and foughte all daye sometime with aduantage and sometyme with disaduantage sometime winning and sometime losing tyll at night he gote the victory with muche adoe so as he sayde at other times he had fought for victory but now he fought for life There was great slaughter of Pompeys part which fledde to Corduba And Caesar that they shoulde not gather agayne to a news fight commaunded his army to compasse the Citie They being wéery of the former payne tooke the bodyes and the armure of them that were slayne and bare them betwéene them and making them fast to the earth with their speares vsed them for a Trench The next morning the Citie was taken of Pompeys captaynes Scapula made a fire and threwe himselfe into the flame The heads of
Varus Labienus and other noble men were brought to Caesar Pompey at the beginning of the losse fledde with a hundred and fiftie horse into the Carteia where he hadde a Nauie of Shippes he came secretely to the Shippes carried in a litter and when he perceyued them there to be in feare of themselues he was in dread to be betrayed therfore tooke a boate agayne and by the way his foote hong in one of the ropes whiche one minding to cut missed the rope and hurte him in the foote but hée went on to the next village and was cured where being sought for he fledde among the bushes and desert pathes in the whyche the ãâ¦ã dââ prââke his wounde so as for very wéerinesse hée sâââ him downe vnder a trée whether the searchers pursued him and he valiantly defending himselfe was slayne his head being carried to Casar and by his commaundemente buryed so thys warre at one brunte contrary to all opinion was ended A yonger brother of this Pompey called Sextus did gather the remnant of the leauings of this warre and in close maner conueyed himselfe hither and thither robbing for their liuing Nowe Caesar hauing finished all ciuill dissention wente to Rome with suche feare and opinion as neuer man before All honors that aboue mans reach could be deuised were done vnto him Sacrifices Playes and giftes as well in Temples and publike places by the companies of the Citie as by all nations and Kings confederate to the people of Rome Many diuers formes were set vpon his images of the which some had crownes of oke as to the sauioure of the countrey with the which in olde time they were honored that saued their Countrey He was named father of the Countrey and chosen Dictator perpetuall and Consull for terme yeares and touching his bodye accompted sacred and inuiolable to giue audience in a chaire of golâe and yuorie and continuallye make Sacrifices elad with triumphant garments They ordeined the Citie to be holy those dayes that he wan anye victories They appoynted Sacrifices and Priestes for fyue yeares and publike vowes for his preseruation and orders were made by the which all his actes were confirmed by oth And in the honor of his house the Moneth Quintilis was called Iulius Manye Temples were dedicated to him alone as to a God and one ioyntly to him and Clementie holding hande in hande Thus dyd they feare hym as a Lorde and honor him as a mercifull Minister There were that laboured to haue called him King till hée heard of it and forbad it with threats that no man shoulde once name it as detestable and vnlawfull from his auncesters Hée discharged the bands of his gard by whome he had bin defended from his enimies and wente abroade with the officers of the Citie onely He béeyng in the common place and giuing audience the Senate with the Consule going before in goodly order brought him a decrée of all ⪠these honors whiche âe receyued gently not rising to them neyther comming nor going ⪠whyche gaue occasion of matter to them that meant to accuse him of aspiring to a Kingdome He accepted all the dignities sauing the Consulship for tenne yeares therefore willed himselfe to be declared Consull and Antonius with him that was Captayne of his Horsemen whiche office he appoynted to Lepidus to exercise the rule of Horsemen ⪠by deputies bycause he was Gouernoure in Iberia He reuoked all banishments except such as were fledde for wicked offences He pardoned his enimies and to suche as had foughte against him he gaue yearely offices and sente them to charges of prouinces and armies whiche maââ the people to thinke that he woulde haue lefte them in a common wealthe as Syâla did when he had the like authoritie but they were deceiued One of them that would haue had the name of a King sette forwarde did put vppon his image a Crowne of Laurell wyth a wreath of a white riband Marullus and Sesetius being Tribunes apprehended him and threwe him in pââson thinking so to haue pleased Caesar aâone that abhorred the name of king This hée suffered patiently and where others called him King as he went out at the gates and the people sighed at it he aunswered couertly ⪠I am not King but Caesar as though they had bin deceyued in the name Marullus caused him to be apprehended that fyrste of them beganne this matter and wâlled hym to be broughte to aunswere in hys Courte Then Caesar coulde no longer suffer but accused Marullus and hys fellowes before the Senate as one that craftily wroughte agaynste hym by a calumniation of Tyrannie and whereas they deserued âeathe yet he thoughte it sufficiente for them to lose theyr office and be putte out of the Senate Thys dyd most of all confirme that he coueted thys litle and that he bente all his praâise to that ende and was vtterly become a Tyrante for as there was good authoritie to punish them that named any man king so was the Tribunes office holy inuiolate by lawe and auntient oth and it made the anger the shaâper that he woulde not tarrie the time of the office whiche when he vnderstoode hée did reâent him and first perceyued that it was an harde thing to deale rigorously ⪠in peace withoute authoritie of warre Hys friends gaue him counsel to beware and that he had giuen great occasion to his aduersaries to get matter agaynst him therefore when they moued him y he would be content to haue a garde of Spanish bandeâ ⪠he sayd there was nothing more vnhappy thaÌ a continual gard for it is of one that is euer afrayd Yet the practises to be a King ceassed not for sitting one day in the commoÌ place in a chayrâ of golde to see the playes of Panne Antony his fellowe in office naked and annoynted as the manner was for the Ministers of that solemnitie ranne vpto Caesars seate and set a crowne on his head at the which sight few reioicing and more lamenting Caesar threw it off Antony set it on againe but Caesar reiected it The people stoode silent looking what end this woulde haue and when they saw Caesar vtterly refuse it they reioyced and highly commended him therefore Now eyther bycause he despayred or in vayne attempted or woulde auoyde the practise of so odâous a thing or for that he woulde leaue the Citie bycause of some enimies or that he had regard to his health being troubled with a falling sicknesse which in rest many times came vpâon him he determined a greate voyage againste the Getes and Parthianes ⪠against the Getes bycause they were insolente people and quarrelling âuer troubling the Romaine state Againste the Parthianes bycause he would reâânge Crassus deathe whome they had slayne contrary to oth and promise and so hauing an armye of sixtéene Legions and tenne thousand Horse he sent them afore to passe the Ionian Sea.
Pompey and hearing of Caesars sacrifices and the differing of the Senate were in greate doubte and one that was there tooke Casca by the hande and sayde vnto hym woulde you kéepe it from me that am your friende Brutus tolde me Casca was in a sodayne passion that he knewe it then he saite more to hym simlyng where wyl you haue money for your office of Edilis and Casca tolde him Brutus and Cassius beyng togither and in talke one of the Senators Publius Laenas sayde hée wished well to that they had in their mindes and exhorted them to dispatch it They being much amazed helde their peace for anguishe As Caesar came forth one of hys familiars vnderstanding of the conspiracie and vsing to tel what hée hearte wente to Calphurnia and saide onelye thys bycause the matter touched Caesar much he would tarry til he came from the Senate for he knew not al that was wrought against him And one Artemidorus that was his hoste in Guido ranne vnto the Counsell house and found hym newe slaine Of another a booke of the Conspiracie was deliuered as he made haste into the Senate whiche was founde againe in hys hande when hée was dead And came out of his Litter Laenâ that had wished wel before to Cassius came vnto hym and talked verye earnestlye wyth him the sight wherof did trouble theÌ and the length of the talke made them winke one at another to dispatche themselues before they should be taken But perceyuing by the manner that Laena was liker to speake for himselfe and make supplication than to bewray them they stayed and in the ende when they saw hym giue humble thankes they were encouraged againe It was the custome that Rulers of the Citie shoulde sacrifice when they went to the Senate And agayne in Caesars firste sacrifice there was no harte or as some say no heade of the entrailes and wheÌ the Diuinor said it was a signe of death hée smiled and sayde so it was in Spaine when I ouerthrewe Pompey and the Diuinor aunswering that then he was in perill indéede and nowe the token was more manifest Caesar bad hym sacrifice againe nothing appearing better than it was being ashamed y he made y Senate tarry for hym being hastned of his enmies as though they had bin friâds in dispight of his enimies he went in For it must needes come that was determined They left Trebonius to entertaine Antony without the dores and when Caesar was sâââ hys seate they stoode aboute him as hys friends with weapons hid and first Attilius Cymber stood before him made sute for hys brothers returne that was banished Caesar being against it vtterly denying it hée tooke hym by the purple robe as he would haue made more sute he rufded the garment and pulled it ouer his necke crying Why staye you O frieÌds Casca came ouer his head first thrust his dagger at his throat which missing hit him on y breast Caesar twitching his gown froÌ Cimbro catching Casca by y hand flung froÌ his seate with great violeÌce layd hold vpon Casca Whiles he was doing this wrestling with him another stroke him on the side that laye open and Cassius hurte him in the face and Brutus on the thyghe and Bucolinus betwéene the shoulders yet Caesar with rage and reare like a wilde beaste stepped to euery of theÌ but after Brutus had hurt him as thoughe then hée had dispaired he wrapte himself in his gowne and fell comely before the picture of Pompey and they when he was downe vsed such despite as they gaue him three and twentie woundes and many were so hastie that they hurte one another When this act was done by these murderers in a sacred place vpon a sacred and inuiolate man by and by there was fléeing from the Senate house and about all the Citie and in the tumulte some Senatours were hurt and other men were killed and there was muche slaughter done both of Citizens and straugers not of purpose but as happeneth in such a Ciuill stir when one commeth vpoÌ another ignorauntly The sworde players that had bene in armour from the morning for the shewe of certaine playes ranne from the game place to the barres of the Senate house the people that came to the playes driuen into a feare fledde away shoppes were spoyled al dores were shutte and preparation made for defence from the house toppes Antony went to his owne house entending to take aduice for this case of Caesars Lepidus the Captaine of horsemen being in the coÌmon place and hearing what was done ranne to the I le within the Cytie where he had a legion and brought them abroade to be ready at Antonies commaundement For he did cleaue to Antony as Caesars friende and chiefly as Consull Being mette togyther they had greate desire to reuenge Caesars death that thus was handled They feared the Senate woulde take the killers parte therfore they would stay to consider of it There were no souldiours about Caesar for he delighted not in a garde but only vsed the Sergeants of his aucthoritye and when he wente from his house to the Senate he was wayted on with manye of the magistrates and great number of people as wel Citizens as straungers and of seruauntes and frée men in great multitude all the which fléeing away by heapes only thrée seruauntes taried which layd his body in the litter Thus thrée men not suteable did carie him home that a little before was Lorde of sea and lande The murderers woulde haue sayde somewhat in the Senate house but no maÌ wold tarry to heare They wrapt their gowns about their left armes as Targets and hauyng their daggers bloudy cryed they had kylled a king and a Tyranne and one bare an hatte vpon a speare in token of Libertie Then they exhorted them to the common wealth of their countrey and remembred olde Brutus and the oth made againste the old Kings Some went among them shewing their daggers who though they were not at the fact yet woulde they haue parte of the prayse as Lentulus Spintor Fauorinus Aquinus Dolobella Murcus and Peticus who wer not then partakers of the glorie but afterwarde tasted of the punishment with the offenders The common people came not to them which made them the more doubtful and in feare As for the Senate although for ignoraunce and tumult they were fled yet they had good truste in theÌ as in their kinsefolkes and friends and such as could as euil beare Tirannie as they but the people they suspected and as many as had serued Caesar in warre whereof there were not a fewe then present in the Citie some discharged of the warfare were appointed to habitations and some that had bin at their dwelling places were now come again to go the iourney wyth Caesar They were afrayde also of Lepidus and his army in the
Citie and of Antony the Consull leaste he would vse the people only leauing the Senate and worke them some displeasure being thus bestad they wente to the Capitoll with the swordeplayers where consulting what was best to be done it seemed good to giue a largesse to the people hoping that if some beganne to prayse their act the other wold folow for loue of liberty and the desire of common wealth for they thoughte y people of Rome to be as sincere now as they had heard it was when olde Brutus expelled the Kings not vnderstanding that they loked for two things contrarye in themselues that they that loue libertie and would be corrupted should be profitable to them at this present wherof the one was more easie to be had as in a state for the most part corrupted for now the people was mirt with strangers a libertyne was equal with a Citizen the fashion of a seruant like to the maisters for y Senate ercept the rest was indiffereÌt to the seruantes Further y distribution of corne which was vsed only in Rome to be giuen to y poore had brought that idle néedie vacabonds of Italy to Rome Again a nuÌber of olde worne souldiers out of wages were not deuided into their couÌtries as they wer wont seuerally bicause some had serued in vniust wars but would go into coÌmon habitations take other mens land houses remayning togither in teÌples coÌmon places vnder one baÌner one chiefe that might apoint theÌ a prouince selling away their own to be the more redy to go they were sone bought for reward Therfore it was not hard for Cassius to gather a nuÌber of such men bring them into the coÌmon place albeit they were hired yet durst they not prayse that was done for feare of Caesars glory others deuotion but for the coÌmon welth sake they cried for peace earnestly exhorted the rulers vnto it for thys was the deuise of the kyllers to worke theyr owne safetye And there coulde bée no peace vnlesse there were a forgetting standyng in these termes Cynna a Pretor and a kinsemanne by maryage to Caesar beyonde all opinion came among them hauing on hys vesture of office which he threw of as giuen him of a Tiran and called Caesar the Tiranne and them that kylled hym killers of a Tiranne and praysed the facte as moste like to their progenitours and that those men were to be called from the Capitoll and to be honoured with dew rewardes This Cinna sayde but they séeing the vncorrupted people was not myxte wyth them did not call them from the Capitol nor did anye thing else but onely exhorted to peace Then Dolabella a yong man and a noble appointed to be Consull after Caesar had ben gone for the reste of the yeare hauing on the garment of a Consul and the Maces of his office was the second that spake euill and pretended he was priuie to the deuise and only sorte that his hand was not at the doing of it and as some saye hee decréed that that daye shoulde be honoured as the byrth day of the Citie Then the hyred men toke harte when they saw both a Pretor and a Consul to forgiue them they called Cassius and the rest out of the Temple who were glad of Dolabella a yong noble man a Consul being most méete to match with Antony only there came downe Cassius and Marcus Brutus with his bloudy hand for they had striueÌ who should giue Caesâr moste woundes and when they were amiddest the people they spake nothing humbly but as in noble and euident things one praysed another calling the Citie now blessed attributing muche to Decimus that in so fitte a time bad serued them with swordplayers Then they stirred the people that they woulde do things worthy their auncestours whiche had expelled kings not reigning by violence as Caesar did but being chosen lawfully they also propouÌded that Sextus Pompey sonne to Pompey the greate that hadde made warre agaynste Caesar for the common wealth myght be called home beyng yet in armes in Spayne againste Caesars Captaines and lykewyse Câsetius and Marulââs that were depriued and banished by Caesar being Tribunes of the people When they hadde thus sayde they wente vppe againe to the Capitoll for they dyd not truste verye muche in that multitude Then their friendes and kinsfolke might repaire vnto them into the Temple of whom they chose the most auntient to send to Lepidus and Antony for reconciliation and regarde of libertie and to saue the Countrey from the euils that might growe vnlesse they be foreseene This much did the messengers require not praysing the thing that was done for they durst not to Caesars friends but desired to haue it borne with for the worthynesse of the doers not for hate to him but for the loue of their countrey and pitie of the Citie nowe consumed with continuall sedition of whiche one more would vtterly destroy all good men of the same and that it was not right that for any hate amongst a few they shoulde worke the publike destruction but rather that for publike commodities priuate enmities mighte be wiped away Antonius and Lepidus as I sayde minded to reuenge Caesars deathe eyther for friendships sake or for a practise betwéene them or for desire of rule and thynkyng all things would be the easier to them if such notable men might be ridde out of the way yet they feared their friendes and theyr kinsfolkes and the Senate that enclined to them and most of all Decimus whome Caesar hadde appoynted to gouerne France theyr neyghboure whereby he hadde a mighty armye Therfore they thought it best to tarry for a better occasion and deuise to gette Decimus army that was so valiant and expert with laboures neuer left Hauing this fetch Antony thus aunswered the messengers For priuate displeasure we will worke nothing but for offence and matter wherein we are all sworne to Caesar to bée kéepers of his body and defend it against violence it is requisite by our oth to follow the fact that is done and the rather to lyue with a few pure than all to be in daunger of those execrations yet for their honor that be of that opinion we will debate with you in the Senate house and take the way for the Citie that by common consent shall séeme good Thus Antony aunswered safelye They gaue thankes and departed with sure hope that al should haue gone well and that the Senate woulde haue fauoured their cause throughly ⪠Antony in the meane time caused the officers to make watche for the Citie all nighte and by turne to kéepe their seates as was wante in the daye and to haue fires ouer all the Citie by meane whereof the friends of the offendoures went to euery Senatoures house and requested them for themselues and for the Countreys common wealth There ranne abroade also the Captaynes of suche
more made request for peace to whom he thus sayd Of that we will consider as shall be fitte to be and what it is that it may auayle but the suretie of it is hard to be found since neyther oth nor execration could profit Caesar and to them that called for reuenge he turned and commended them as more carefull of their othes and honestie I would be quoth he youre Captayne and crye as you do but that I am a Consul to whome belongeth rather to speake for profite than for iustice for so doe they within persuade vs and so Caesar himselfe for the profite of the Citie sparing them that he hadde taken in warre was of the same destroyed Thus wrought Antony artificially they that thoughte the fact to be punished required Lepidus that he would punishe it Lepidus intending to speake they that stoode farre off prayed hym to goe into the common place that all might heare him indifferently He wente straight forth with opinion that the peoples minds were new turned and when he was come to the place of spéech he lamented wéeping and thus sayd Heere I was yesterday with Caesar and now am I héere to enquire of Caesars deathe what will you haue done many cryed that they should reuenge Caesar The hyred men cryed for peace in the Citie to whome hée sayd we will so but what peace speake you of with what othes can it be sure for all our Countrey othes we haâe sworne to Caesar and we that are compted the least of them that did sweare haue troden all vnder the foote Then he turned to them that cryed for reuenge ⪠Caesar sayd he is gone from vs an holy and honored man in déede and we be afrayd to hurte the Citie and them that be left This do the Senate treate of and manye thinkes it good then they cryed that he alone should take it in hand I wyll sayd he for it is a iust oth to me alone but it is not ynough that I and you alone doe will it or that we alone can fulfill it âandling the matter thus craftâly the hyred men knowing that he was ambitioue praysed him and exhorted him to take the office of Caesars Priesthode of the which he being very glad sayde You shall remember me of this héereafter if I shall be worthy of it They that were hired were the more instant for peace bycause of the liberall spéech of the Priesthoode Then sayde he although it be vniust and wicked yet will I doe it bycause you will me This said he returned into the Senate house where Dolabella all that time had bin importune for the continuance of his office Antony gathering the peoples humor looked ouer hym wyth a smiling countenance and finding them to dissent among themselues and the people to doe nothing earnestly hauing beholden all sufficiently he determined to saue the meÌ hiding one necessitie with another that both they shuld be saued by especial grace and that Caesars actes should be coÌfirmed by decrée the Senates orders take effect therfore silence being coÌmanded he sayd thus Of the Citizens offendoures you men of equall honor in this your consultation I haue sayd nothing but to them that contrarywise desired a tryall of Caesar I put forthe onely one of his decrées which hath not withoute cause kept you in contention tyll this time for if we doe refuse those offices we shall confesse so many worthy men vnworthily to haue receyued them Then coÌsider that is not easie to be hard and number in your mindes the Cities the nations the kingdomes the regions and as I maye say all things froÌ the East to the Weast y Caesar had by his vertue vanquished for vs and all that by his power subdued the same by law clemencie and curtesie he made assured vnto hym Which of these do you thinke wil beare to be depriued y things they haue enioyed vnlesse you wil fyll all with warres that are desirous to heale youre countrey that is nowe most féeble wyth disease Those that be farre off and kepte downe with feare and fight I wil omitte to touch but those that be not at haÌd only and as I may say euen at home through out all Italy some haue receyued rewards of victory and by multitudes with the armies wherewith they serued be of Caesar appoynted habitations by the same institution whereof many a thousand be within this citie what do you thinke they wil do if you take from them that they had or that they looked to haue of Cities and Countreys Thys last night did shew vs an Image of this matter for wheÌ you did intreate for the offendoures they on the contrary ranne aboute with threatnings Do you thinke they can abide to sée Caesars body violated torne vnburyed for these things by law are wente to be done againste Tyrants whiche haue serued in the warres with him and to haue the gayne gotten by the victories of France and England confirmed vnto them when he that was the gyuer of them is so despightfully handled what thinke you the people of Rome will do what thinke you the Italians what hate shal you haue both of God and man if you do so defile your empire enlarged from the Oceane sea to the people vnknowen for you shall not lacke reproufe and blame for this youre inconstancie more than they that thinke you worthy honor that killed a Consull in the Counsell house an holye man in an holy place Senatoures being the doers in the sighte of the Gods and dishonor him that of his enimies is most honored from these things as vnlawfull and not in your power I do warne you to refrayne Then thys sentence I giue that Caesars actes and decrées doe remayne firme and stable that the offenders be praysed in no wise for it is not godly iust not consonant Caesars actes being ratified that of mercye onely you will pardon them for their friends and kinsfolkes sake so as they do so accept it and will of theÌ confesse it in thaÌkeful part When Antony had said this with great contention and vehemency the decrée was made all other being silent and content That there should be no action for Caesars death That all his actes and decrées should be confirmed so as they were commodious for the citie And this with much adoe did the friends of the offendoures cause to be added for their safetie that they were not more kepte for iustice sake than for profite Antony gaue place vnto it These being decrées they that were heads of men to be set in habitations desired a priuate decrée by common authoritie that their places of inhabitance myghte bée made sure vnto them and Antony was not agaynste it shewing some feare with the Senate This decrée was made and another like for them that went to their inhabitations The Counsell being thus broken vp there were some that persâoded Lucius Piso to whome Caesar had lest his Testamente that it
should neyther be brought forthe nor his body buryed openly least it mighte breede some newe tumult in the Citie He being otherwise minded was threatned to be called to aunswer for that he defrauded the people of such substance due to the common treasure once agayne making signification of Tyrannie Then Piso cryed as lowde as he could praying the Consuls that were yet present to goe to counsell againe and sayde They that haue affirmed that one Tyrant is taken away they in steede of that one be all Tyrants vnto vs forbidding me to bury an holy Priest threaten me if I bring forth his last will. They make confiscation of his goodes as of a Tirant His actes that maketh for them they ratifie but those that he hath left for himselfe they reuoke not Brutus and Cassius but they that did incense them to this mischiefe Of his Sepulture be you Lordes of his Testament I will be and shall not suffer him to be dectyued in my trust of faith before some man taketh away my breath Much stirre and businesse did rise of this among them all and specially by them that supposed to get somewhat by his Testament therefore it was thought conuenient that his Testament should be brought abroade and that his body shoulde be buryed openly and so the Counsell rose Brutus and Cassius vnderstanding of this did send to the multitude to call them to the Capitoll and when many came running thither with greate hast Brutus sayd thus Nowe O Citizens we be héere with you that yesterday were in the common court not as mâ fleeyng to the Temple that haue done amisse nor as to a fort hauing committed all wée haue to you but the sharpe straÌge mishap of Cinna haue coÌpelled vs thus to do We haue herd what hath bin obiected against vs of oure enimies touching the oth and touching cause of doubt y in peace can be no suretie What we haue to say herein with you O Citizens we will conferre with whome we haue to do concerning other common matters When Caius Caesar froÌ France inuaded his Countrey with enimies armes and Pompey a singulare fauourer of the people had suffered as euery man knoweth after hym a nuÌber of good Citizens wente into Iberia Libya were destroyed We at his desire gaue him security and as it should séeme afrayde of himselfe seking to make his TyraÌny sure we sware vnto it If he had required vs to swere not only to confirme the things past but also to haue bene hys slaues in time to come what woulde they then haue done that nowe lie in wayte for our liues I suppose verye Romaines indéede wyll rather choose certaine death as they haue oft done than by an othe to abyde willing seruitude If Caesar hitherto haue gone aboute nothing to make vs seruile we confesse we haue broken our othe but if neyther offices in the Citie nor prouinces in y country nor armies nor dignities of the church nor assigning of inhabitance nor other honours be left to vs or had the coÌsent of the Senate or the allowance of the people but did all by his owne commaundement if his ambition was neuer satiate as Syllas was who when he had ouerthrown his enemies restored to vs the common wealth if he making another armye for a long time toke awaye our election for fiue yeares what libertie was this when no hope coulde appeare what should we say of the peoples chiefe officers Sesetius and Marullus were they not with contumely thrust froÌ the sacred inuiolate offices and where the lawe and othe of our auncestours do not suffer any actioÌ to be made against y Tribunes yet Caesar banished them and shewed no cause whither theÌ haue offeÌded against the holy Tribunes we or Caesar being a sacred and inniolate man to whom not willingly but of necessitie we graunted these things nor before he came agaynst his country in armour and had killed so many noble Citizens The office of the Tribunes can not be holy nor inniolated to the whiche our fathers in time of common welth dyd sweare without coÌpulsion with intent to haue it euerlasting The reuenewe and accompt of the Empire where became it who brake open the Treasure house against our wills who caught the money vntouched and vnremouable who thretned death to the Tribune that resisted him but what oth saye they shall be sufficient to preserne peace if there be no Tyranne there needes no oth our forefathers neuer had néede of anye But if any other wil aspire to tyrannie there is no fayth no not with an othe between the Romames and a Tiranne Thus we speake now in perill and will euer speake it for our country For being in honoure and safety with Caesar we preferred the honour of our countrey before our owne wel they vse calumniation againste vs and stirre you for the habitations If here be any present eyther y hath or shal be appointed to those inhabitance I pray you do so much at my request as giue a token of your selues Many dyd so then sayde he Oh well done good men that you be come to do as other do and it is conuenient that you which indifferentlye doe trauayle and laboure for youre countrey shoulde receyue equal reward of the same The people of Rome did appoint you to Caesar againste the English and French men it is therefore reason that hauing done good seruice you receyue as good rewards But he bound you with oths and vnwillingly led you against the Citie he led you likewise against the beste Citizens in Libya likewise against your wils If your trauayle had ben only in this paraduenture you would haue bin ashamed to ashe recompence but the seruice that you did in France and England no enuie no time no obliuion of man can put out of memorie and for these the beste recompence which the people was wont to giue to the old souldiers not taking away mens landes or houses that had not offended nor giuing to one that was an others nor thinking they ought to recompence with iniustice nor when they had conquered their enimies to take away all their land but made a particion and appointed some of their souldiers to dwel there as a garrison for the coÌquered places and many times when the Land that was won wold not suffise they eyther diuided of the common or bought more of newe So did the people place you without any others displeasure But Sylla and Caesar who inuaded their countrey as enimyes hauing néed of garde garison vpon theyr countrey dyd neyther send you to liue in any of your owne countryes nor bought any land for you nor bestowed that vpon you that they had got from other nor vpon composition restored the honours on them from whome they were taken althoughe they had the treasure and conquered lande but toke from Italy that had not offended nor done any thing amisse by lawe of warre or rather of robbery
Ciuill strifes that the Romaines had among theÌselues The Senate blamed Antony for the funerall of Caesar by the which the people was so stirred as they did forthwith despise the law of Obliuion and ranne with fire to the houses of the strykers This vnkindnesse with one inuention he turned into beneuolence Amatius a couÌterfaite Mariane pretending to be Marius sonne was for that name accepted of the people by this counterfaiting being taken as a kinsman to Caesar he made most mone for his death and set vp an Aulter where he was buried He had a rowte of Râââians about him was euer terrible to the killers of the whiche some were fled out of the citie and so many as had by Caesar the gouernment of prouinces were gone to their charges Decimus Brutus was gone to Fraunce next Italie Trebonius into Asia aboute Ionia Tullius Cimber into Bythinia But Cassius Marcus Brutus with whome the Senate bare most and were likewise chosen of Caesar to be Presidents for the yéere to come ⪠as Cassius in Syria Brutus in Macedonia being yet officers in Rome of necessitie and law as Pretors must attend vpon the dispatch of theÌ that should haue places appointed to liue in gaue audience to anye other that made suâe to sell the partes of their places which by law was forbiddeÌ to be done within .xx. yeres With these Amatius did conspire only eââpected occasioÌ At the talke of this coÌspiracy Antony as Consul came vpon them apprehended Amââio without iudgemeÌt put him to death very stoutly The Senate marueled at this matter as great beside law yet the commoditie of it they embraced very ioyfully for without such stoutnesse they thought Brutus Cassius could not be in safetie The companions of Amatius and other people with them for the loue of him were much greued at this fact chiefly that Antony should so dispatche one that was honoured of the people They could not abide so to be despised wherefore with shoutes they went crying out of Antony commaunded the Magistrate to erect an aulter to Amatio there to make the firste sacrifice to Caesar They were driuen out of the common place by the souldiours that were sent of Antony wherewith they were more greued and made greater noyse some of them brought forth the settles of Caesars pictures pulled downe and whereas one sayde he could bring them to a shop where his images were defaced they straight way followed him when they saw it they set al a fire till other were sent of Antony which killed parte of theÌ that stoode to their defence and parte they tooke as many as were bonde they hanged and the frée men they threw downe headlong and thus this tumult ceased But extréeme hate of excéeding loue was now wrought in the people agaynst Antony The Senate was glad as though there was none other feare to be had touchyng Brutus and Cassius And further where Antony purposed to call home Sextus Pompey sonne to Pompey the great who yet was loued of al meÌ out of Spayne where still he made warre with Caesars Capitaynes and for his fathers goods confiscate to giue him of the common fiue thousand millions of Drammes of Athens and to make him admirall of the sea as his father was and to vse the Romaine nauies where so euer they were to al occasions The Senate not a litle marueled ⪠accepted his offer spending an whole day in the prayse of Antony for they knewe no man more accepted nor better beloued of the people than Pompey Brutus and Cassius the most honorable of all other of Pompeis faction thought to holde their safetie with sure hande and that the course that they had takeÌ should preuayle and the peoples authoritie be surely coÌfirmed and that their estate should stande Cicero for this made continuall prayse of Antony and the Senate consideryng that the people euidently did meane euill to him gaue him leaue to chose him a gard for his person of the olde Souldiours that resorted to him he eyther bycause he had done all to this ende or for that he would embrace this occasion so fauourable picked out at length a garde of .vj. M. not of the common Citizens whom he knew he might haue at his pleasure at any other time but of all the leaders and Captaynes of experience and estimation in Caesars army Of these hée chose chiefe officers in comely order whome he vsed honorably and made them partakers of ordinary Counsels The Senate dryuen into a iealousie for this number and choyse counsayled hym to reduce this garde as enuious to a conueuient number he promysed so to doe when he had quieted the tumultes of the people Nowe where by decrée he had stablished all that Caesar had done and would doe and had the wrytings of memoriall in his custodie and âââaberius Caesars Secretary at his commaundement for Caesar goyng away lefte all his determinations with Antony he added many things to the behoofe of many men he gaue graunts to Cities Princes and to his owne garde And he made knowne to all them that coulde clayme any thyng by Caesars assignation that they takyng the benefite might yéelde him the thankes and by this meane he brought many into the Senate and degrée to himselfe the other he wan with faire promise that they did no more maligne agaynst his garde Brutus Cassius perceiuing nothing neither of the people nor of the soldiours to appeare peaceable for theÌ neither vnlikely but y coÌspiracie of Amatio might be done against theÌ by some other neither well abiding variable Antony that bare himself so boldly of his army nor seyng that the peoples rule could be coÌfirmed by these doings but suspecting that Antony wrought against it they put their chiefe trust in Decimo who had thrée Legions lying in the sides of Italy They wrote secretely to Trebonius in Asia and to Tullius in âythinia to gather money closely and loke aboute for an armye They were desirous to take the prouinces that Caesar had appointed theÌ but y time did not yet suffer them They thought it not conuenient to leaue their office in the Citie before the end of the same and to run into suspition of desire of rule of nations They chose rather for their necessitie to spende the meane time as priuate men than to be officers in the Citie where they could neyther be sure of themselues nor do anye thing to their honour in the seruice of their countrey Being in this case and the Senate perceyuing their minde they thought good to make theÌ purueyers of grain for the Citie from euery countrey til the time might serue theÌ to take the charge of their prouinces and thus they did that Brutus and Cassius shoulde not séeme to flée So great a care and reuerence was there of them that for them chiefly they mayntained the other killers
When Brutus and Cassius wer gone out of the Citie and Antony nowe alone ruled all he coueted the presidentship of some prouince and the armye therof he was chiefly desirous of Syria but knowing he was alredy suspected he thought he should be more if he required any for the Senat had secretly wrought Dolobella to be against him who was the other Consul and always at strife with Antony Antony seing that Dolobella was a yong man and ambitious perswaded him to aske Syria in Cassius place and their army that was made againste the Parthians but not to aske it of the Senate for that was not expedient but of y people by a law He was perswaded by and by and propounded the lawe The Senate aleaged that he brake Caesars actes he answered that the war of Parthiâ was appointed to no man by Caesar and that Cassius who was sent to Syria was the first that had altered Caesars decrées in giuing leaue to them that wer assigned dwellings in the couÌtry to sel their portions before twenty yeares determined by law that he could not take it wel being Dolobella not to be thought worthy of Syria before Cassius The Senate persuaded Asprinâ one of the Tribunes to find a fault in the assebly by some tokeÌ hoping that Antony would haue allowed it being Consul and officer of the tokens and stil as they thought at variance with Dolobella The electioÌ now being come Asprina affirming the tokeÌ to be vnlucky then the maner was to send other into it Antony was angry at the subtilty coÌmaunded the coÌpanies to make choyce for Dolobella And so was Dolabella made president of Syria and generall of the army against the Parthians and of the legions that Caesar had gathered for this purpose and left in Macedonia This was the first time that Antony séemed to fauoure Dolabella This being done of the people Antony required Macedonia of the Senate thinking they would be ashamed to denye it him séeing Dolabella had Syria and nowe voyde of an office The Senate gaue it him vnwillingly and maruelled that he woulde deliuer the armye that was there to Dolabella whome yet they were glad shoulde haue it before Antony Nowe Brutus friendes thought good to aske Antony other prouinces for Brutus and Cassius so Cyrene and Creta was giuen them or as some saye both Creta and Syrene to Cassius and Bythinia to Brutus And these were the doings at Rome Octauius Caesars sisters nephew was made of Caesar generall of the horsemen for one yeare and this honor Caesar vsed to gyue to his friends from yeare to yeare He being yet yong was sent of Caesar to Velona to apply his booke and to be trayned in feates of warre there to remayne whilest he wente againste his enimies and to exercise himselfe with the bands of Horsemen that came from Macedonia with other great Captaynes of the armie that resorted thither to visit hym as Caesars kinsman whereby he was knowen to many and wanne the loue of the army for he receyued them that came to him with great curtesie Hauing bin now sixe monethes in Velona about the euening it was told that Caesar was slayne in the Senate house of them that he loued best and might doe most with hym Of further matter nothyng being yet tolde he stoode in feare and doubt whether it were the whole publike worke of the Senate or some priuate practise or whether the doers were punished of the more parte or whose acte it was or whether the multitude did ioyne with them After thys his friendes sente to hym from Rome wishing him to goe to the host of Macedonia for his suretie in the which place after it shuld be knowen that it was no common fact he might be a terror to his enimies in reuenging of Caesar and diuers of the Captaynes promised him that if he woulde come to them they woulde sée hym safe His Mother and Philip his Father in lawe wrote vnto him to take nothing vpon him nor to be encouraged remembring that after Caesar hadde ouercome his enimies he was thus vsed of his déerest friendes The priuate life at this prosent was further off from perill and nowe rather to be chosen and if he were with them at Rome he should be well kept Octauius by these persuaded without further knowledge what was done after Caesars deathe embracing the Captaynes sayled ouer the Ionian Sea not taking land at Brunduse bycause he did not trust the army that was there and therefore was well ware but at another Citie not farre off called Lupio where he stayed and receyued aduertisementes from his friends of Caesars deathe of the peoples tumult of the publication of his testamente and of the orders taken and was aduised to beware of Caesars enimies bycause he was named his sonne and heire counselled him not to take the inheritance vpon him But he thinking it a dishonor as wel of this as not to reueÌge Caesars death weÌt to Brunduse seÌdyng afore to search that there should be none of the strikers in anye awaite The army of that place did méete him and receyued him as Caesars sonne where with good courage he made sacrifice and straightway accepted the name of Caesar for the Romaines vsed to giue their name to them whome they made their children by adoption which he did not only admitte but changed his name froÌ Octauius Octauius sonne to Caesar Caesars sonne which continued till his ende By and by was there great repaire of meÌ to him some as Caesars friendes some as his seruantes and fréemade men and some souldioures with them some bringing preparation money toward Macedonia and some other reuenues of other prouinces to Brunduse He then trusting vpon the multitude that came vnto him and in Caesars glory and in the beneuolence of all meÌ to him tooke his iourney toward Rome accompanyed with a conuenient number which dayly like a streame did increase being safe from open force by the multitude of people not without suspitioÌ of deceypt bycause all that came with him almost were of newe acquaintaÌce and euery citie did not fauour him But Caesars souldioures and such as were by his appoyntmeÌt placed came from the habitations to the fauour of this yong man They lamented for Caesar and complayned of Antony that woulde not reuenge so great a mischiefe affirming that they if any man woulde be their guide would reuenge his death Octauius Caesar gaue them great prayse and willed theÌ to be quiet for the time and came to Terracina about fiftie miles from Rome where it was told him that Syria and Macedonia was taken from Brutus Cassius by the Consuls and that to comforte them Creta and Syrene were graunted them and that certayne banished men were reuoked and that Pompey was restored and that many were made Senatoures by Caesars determination and diuers other things Being come to Rome his mother Philip and their
messengers to Decimus to kepe his prouince strongly and to gather other army and money that he might resiste Antony So muche were they troubled and in anger against Antony And he contrary to the Senats minde entending to aske it of the people by lawe as Caesar once obtayned it before and as Dolabella had Syria now of late And to afraâ y Senate he commaunded his brother Caius to transport the army of Macedonia by the Ionian Sea to Brunduse and there to doe what Antony should require Nowe was there playes to be âhewed by ââitonius the ouersââr of victuals At the whiche Caesar hadde prepared a crowne and a chayre of golde for his father as in al shewes they had ordeyned so to honour him Câiââââs sayde he woulde not admitte Caesar to be honored in the charges y be should make Wherefore Octaââiân brought him before Antony the Consul Antony sayd he would put it to the Senate Whereat Octauian being offended Doe so quoth he and I will set the Chaire till thou haââe made the decree Antony was angry and forbad hym He forbadde it also in other playes after to be made and that was somewhat vnreasonable for Octauius hymselfe did exhibit it being instituted of hys father to Venus his parent to whome in the common place hee builded a Temple wyth a Couâte Of thys did manifeste hate grewe agaynste Antony of all men as thought he did not rather ââââ Octauius Caesar now thân contemne the former vnthankfully Young Caesar with a muâââtude as a guarde wente among the people and such as had bin benefited by hys father or serued hym in the wars ââuâouslye hée besoughte them that they woulde not suffer hym thus to be so many waies despised but both reuenge Caesar their chiefetayne and benefactour so dishonoured of Antony and desenâe themselues who should haue none assurance vnlesse the things that he had decréed were established He went vp to euery highe place of the Citie and cried vpon Antony Be not angry with Caesar for me nor dishonor him that hath moste honoured thée O Antony and was moste affectionated to thée do me what ânâury thou wilt but saue his substaunce from spoile till the Citizens haue their parte all the reste take vnto thée It shal be sufficient for me though I be poore to be successor to hys glorye so thou wilte suffer the people âo haue their portion After these wordes there was euident and continuall exclamation againste Antony and although he sharpelye threatned Octauius and that hys threats were openly known yet did they the more sâirre at it Wherfore the chiefe of the Capitains that serued in Antonies guard in great estunation wyth hym and had bin before with Caesar desired him he woulde leaue his dispight as well for their cause as for his own hauing serued vnder Caesar and receyued so many good turnes of him Which things Antony consideryng and confessing them to be true and halfe ashamed they shoulde be layde vpon hym and nowe shoulde haue néede of Octauians helpe for the prouince of France he beganne at lengthe to bée quiet and to shewe that some thyngs were doone againste hys wyll But bycause the young manne was so hawtie at those yeares hée dydde reuoke certaine thynges for that he hadde no regarde nor reuerence to the Capitaines and olde officers yet for theyr sakes he woulde reframe hys anger and returne to his olde conditions if hée also woulde leaue hys insolent behauiour The Captaines being gladde of this brought them togither when they had declared their griefs they set them at one Now was the law called vppon for France the Senate being against it and entending to prohibite it if Antony woulde propounde it to them and if hée didde not but require it of the people they woulde set the Tribunes to be againsteit and some there were that woulde haue it frée from al Lieutenants ouer that nation so muche afraide were they of it Antony did obiect vnto them that they would truste Decimus with it that was one of Caesars killers and distruste hym that did not kill hym that wanne that prouince and made it fall to his knées casting forth openly against them al as though they had bin desirous of that was doone to Caesar The courte daye being come the Senate willed the assembly of the companyes to be gathered and in the night they sette vppe Tentes in the common place and called a bande of Souldioures to desende them from all happes The people being offended laboured for Antony by the helpe of Octauiâ that sate among the Tentes who entreated for hym for hée was very much afraid least Decimus shoulde be Gouernoure of a Prouince of suche importaunce and an armye so greate béeyng one that hadde kylled hys father and for thys cause hée beganne to fauoure Antonie wyth whome he was reconciled trusting to gette some good at hys hande The Tribunes being corrupted of Antony and keping silence the lawe tooke place and the armye being nowe at the sea was for reasonable consideration assigned to Antonie One of the Tribunes being dead Octauius much fauoured Flaminius against the next election and bycause the people thought himselfe woulde haue the office but refused to aske it bycause of his yong yeares they determined neuerthelesse at the election to make him Tribune The Senate had enuy at his encrease were afraide if he were Tribune he would accuse his fathers killers to the people And Antonie not regarding to breake friendship with Octauius whither it were to please the Senate and to quiet their minds for the late lawe made for hys Prouince or for their sakes that shoulde go to inhabite as Consull hée decréed that Caesar shoulde deale with no man but lawfullye otherwise he woulde further by al means his auctoritie against hym Thys declaration beyng vnpleasaunte to Caesar and contumelious bothe to hym and the people they were angrye and entended to make stirre at the election and to affraye Antonie and by the helpe of the other Tribunes to reuoke the decrée Octauius Casar as one euidently deceyued sente manye to the Citties that hys father made for to inhabite to shew them how hée was vsed and to knowe their minds therin He sent some also as cariers of victual into Antonies campe to mingle among them chiefelye to deale wyth the boldest of them and among the reste to scatter libells and thus hée dydde The Capitaines and chiefe men with Antony finding time conuenient saide thus vnto him Wée O Antonie that wyth thée haue serued Caesar and gaue to hym chiefe aucthoritie and till this daye haue remayned as assured seruauntes of it haue knowne that hys killers and the Senate fauouring them didde as muche hate and séeke to dispatch vs But when the people did disturbe them we were encouraged agayne bycause wée sawe that Caesar was not forgotten lacked no friendes nor destitute of fauoure yet did wee put
all our truste in thée as in Caesars friende and nexte him most acquainted in the seruice of warre and nowe our Generall and for al respects most sit for it When our enimies did rise and boldly force Syria and Macedonia and prepared mony and men against vs and the Senate maintainyng Decimus and thou consuming the tyme in contention with Caesar Octauius not without cause we were afraide that in tyme to come thys dissention âetwéene you woulde raise a greater warre than hathe beene and gyue occasion to our ennimies to do what they woulde againste vs all the whyche seeyng thy selfe doest vnderstande we beséeche thee that for Casars sake and for oure loue whiche hath doone nothing to offend thée and for the commodities that may rise both to thée and vs that whilest thou mayest thou wouldest agrée with Octauius whiche onlye is sufficient entending to be reuenged of the strykers The whiche thing cleare of all care shall stay thée in aucthoritie and place vs in securitie that now are in doubt both for thée and for oure selues The chiefetaynes hauyng sayde thus muche Antony thus aunswered What beneuolence and loue I haue euer borne to Caesar in all hys causes offeryng my selfe to moste perills of all other you that haue béene in Souldiour fare with me and present to euery thing that hathe bin done can well testifie How muche loue and good will he shewed to me euen till his last day I shall not néede to repeate For his quellers waying both thâse meâutâ to haue kylled me with him as thoughe I being a âââ they coulde not thinke their intentes to ⪠consiste in safetye And if anye manne dydde affraye them from that mynde it was not doone for desire and care of my life but for a respecte onelye that they woulde not séeme to persecute their ennimies but to dispatche a Tyran Who then can thinke that I doe forgette Caesar my benefactour or haue more estéemed his enimies than him or woulde willingly forgyue them his death that haue sought mine as this new Caesar thinketh How then commeth the obliuion of his deathe and their aduancemeÌt to prouinces for this he obiecteth against me and not the Senate Heare you then how it hathe come to passe Caesar being slayne in the Senate house euery man was afrayd and I most of all for Caesars friendship and ignorance of the facte for I neyther hearde of the comuration nor vnderstoode howe manye were of the conspirancie The people was in tumulte and the strikers with the swordplayers tooke the Capitoll and made themselues fast and the Senate was of their side whyche is nowe more euident bycause they decréed honors to them as to the killers of a Tyrant and if Caesar were a Tyrant then must we haue bin destroyed strayght as friends to a Tyrante So I béeyng troubled with tumult with feare and sorrow coulde not vse reason nor bée without perplexitie as you maye perceyue if you will consider for on the one side was néede of boldnesse vehemente and on the other dissimulation extreame Firste thys was to be done the residue easlie followyng to take away the honor to be gyuen to the strikers againste thâ whiche I onely standyng resisted both the Senate and them and broughte to passe with greate payne vsing eindente courage onely offering my selfe to that perill supposing that wée Caesars friendes should be in suretie if heâ were not condemned as a Tyrant The lyke feare troubled our enimies and the Senate that if he were not iudged a Tyrant they shoulde be accompted manquellers And for thys contention I thoughte it best to gyue place and to allow obliuion of hys death in stead of honor to be giuen to them that I mighte wynne of them as muche as by necessitie I coulde And this was the manner of my doings that neyther I dyd suffer Caesars name to be abolished nor his substance to bée confiscate nor his adoption in the whiche this man nowe most gloryeth to be dissolued nor his testament to be frustrated Hys bodye I caused to be buryed princely and honoures due vnto him before to be consecrated as immortall and all his actes and decrées to be kept firme and sure and hys sonne and our friends the Captaynes and the Souldioures to be in good safetie and to liue in honor in stead of rebuke Thinke you the obteyning of these thynges of the Senate for Obliuion were but small and trifles or doe you thynke wythout Obâuion the Senate would haue graunted them whyche for these causes I thynke is playnely to bee performed for a true dealyng wyth the strikers and for animmortall glory of Caesar and all oure weale and suretie The whyche I haue not done of that purpose but to turne the course to the contrarye For when I hadde brought the Senate to that that was profitable to vs and allowed the killers to remayne in quiet I did ouerthrowe the Obliuion not by decrée nor statute for that I coulde not but by an earnest iealousie of the people bringing Caesars bodye to be buryed in the common place and causing hys woundes to bée séene of the multitude shewyng his vesture bloudy and mangled and declaring his vertue and beneuolence to the people wéeping when I made the mourning Oration I called hym by the name of a kylled god These were my wordes and workes whereby the people was so prouoked as in stead of Obliuion they tooke fire and wente to the quellers houses and in the ende drone them out of the Citie Howe thys was contrarye to the Senate they béeyng gréeued wyth it it was euidently séene For they accused me first of ambition and appoynted prouinces to Brutus and Cassius Syria and Macedonia whyche were full of greate armyes And least they shoulde séeme to make hast before theyr tyme they gaue them pretence to prouide grayne for the Citie Wherefore a greater feare dyd yet trouble me for lacke of an appoynted armye as menne naked to syghte wyth so manye well armed my fellowe béeyng a man suspected and disagréeyng from me and one of the conspirators agaynste Caesar and appoynted to bée héere at the daye of hys deathe For these thyngs béeyng in great trouble and séekyng with spéede to disarme oure enimies and to arme oure selues I kylled Amatius I thoughte good to call home Pompey that by thys meane I mighte ioyne the Senate agayne Yet not much trustyng them I persuaded Dolobelia to aske Syria not of the Senate but of the people by a lawe to bée made and in hys sute I furthered hym of a friende to make hym an enimie to the strikers and that it shoulde séeme verye vnfytte for the Senate to denye me Macedonia séeyng they hadde graunted Syria to Dolobella for otherwise woulde they not haue graunted mée that prouince nor delyuered me that armye excepte they hadde firste graunted to Dolabella the same to goe agaynste the Parthians nor they woulde not haue taken from Brutus and Cassius Syria and Macedonia vnlesse they hadde appoynted some
other prouinces to them for theyr suretie Néedes must they appoynte one for another but what manner ones Cyrene and Creta voyde of armies whyche they oure enimies in contempte haue lefte as vnprofitable and by violence haue entred the other whyche wée tooke from them Thus was oure armye putte from oure enimies to Dolabella by deuice and sleighte and exchange of other prouinces for where warre was not there must thinges bée done by lawe This béeyng thus broughte to passe and oure enimies gathering another armye I hadde néede of the same my selfe that was in Macedonia yet wanted occasion to require it When the fame came that the Getes woulde inuade Macedonia whyche not béeyng beléeued espies were sente to vnderstande the truth I decreed that no man ought to aske the Dictatorshippe nor to take it though it were gyuen hym By the whych thyng they béeyng chiefly allured appoynted me the armye and then dyd I thinke my selfe equall with mine enimies not these that be euidente as Octauius thynketh but other moe in number greater in power and not yet appearing When I had done this one of the strikers remayned still hard at our sides Decimus Brutus He béeyng a gouernoure of a greate countrey and a mighty armye verye bolde I deuised to take hys prouince from hym yet wyth a regarde of the Senate promising to delyuer Macedonia voyde of armye The Senate takyng the thyng euill and perceyuing some deuice to bée hadde what and howe greate matter was written to Decimus you knowe and to stirre the Consulles agaynste mée wherefore wyth the more boldenesse dyd I practise to wynne that prouince not by the Senate but by the people and lawe and to haue the armye of Macedonia come to Brundâsâ to vse at all oportunities ⪠and with the Gods help we will vse them as necessitie shall compell vs Thus from muche feare wherein we were at the first we be turned into safetie of them that haue to doe wyth vs and into boldnesse agaynste oure foes whose courage beginnes to shrinke and ours to increase You sée what repentance they make of their decrées and what payne it was to mée to take France gyuen to another man You knowe what they wrote to Decimus and what they persuaded the Consuls agaynste me for that matter but wyth the Gods of oure Countrey wyth dutifull mynde and wyth oure valiante actes by the whyche Caesar was a conqueroure wée wyll reuenge him labouring with our bodyes and counselling wyth oure mynds These thyngs O Souldioure fellowes I woulde haue secrete although howe I haue done them I haue tolde you with whome I will participate all thyngs both in worde and déede the which you may shewe to any other that do not knowe it onely Octauius except who is most vnthankefull to vs. When Antony hadde thus saide it séemed to the Captaynes that he had done all things with great art and policie to deceiue the quellers whome he hated and therefore they were desirous to reconcile them with Caesar once agayne and persuaded them to méete in the Capitoll Not long after Antony did cause some of his gard to be apprehended by his friendes as entised by Octauius to destroy him eyther to discredite Octauius or for that he thoughte it true learning it of such as were sente to hys Campe. He declared this to be done by all coniecture to dispatche hys person whiche matter béeyng quietly heard caused muche adoe and indignation among the people A fewe that were grounded vppon reason were glad that Antony myghte doe Caesar good and also hurte at hys pleasure bycause hée was terrible to the strikers and if hée were once dispatched they myghte wyth the more securitie doe theyr feates bycause the Senate chiefly fauoured them Thus the wyser sorte did thinke but the multitude séeyng that despight and hynderance was dayly offered to Octauius they thoughte it not vnlike to be a calumniation and yet supposed it not good nor honest that Antony beyng Consull shoulde bée in daunger of hys person Octauius Caesar with greate anger and furie wente among them that were of thys opinion and cryed that hée was circumuented of Antony for the frendshyppe that he onely had with the people and ranne to Antonyes house and there he exclaymed and called the Gods to witnesse with all execrations and othes prouoking hym to come to tryall and bycause no bodye came to hym he sayde to hys friendes I am contente to bée iudged by hys owne people And with that he brake in at the dores but béeyng kepte backe he sware and rebuked them that kepte the gates bycause they stopped hym from making further tryall wyth Antony He wente hys way and protested to the people that if any hurte came vnto hym it shoulde come by Antonyes meanes Hauyng spoken this with greate vehemencie it gréeued the people and some of them repented of theyr former opinion Some stoode in doubte and âusted neyther of them Some thoughte it a dissimulation betwéene them the better to bryng to passe that they had agréed vpon in the Temple againste their enimies and some thought Antonie deuised it to haue a greater garrison about him and to turne mens good will from Octauius Nowe was there secrete intelligence gyuen to hym that the armye at Brunduse and the ordinarie Souldioures were angrye with Antonie bycause he neglected Caesars death and that they woulde reuenge it to their power and that Antonie was gone in hast to Brunduse for this cause Octauius was afrayde least he returning with his armye shoulde finde hym vnprouided He tooke mony and wente to Campania to winne the Cities that were inhabited by such ⪠as had serued his father and first he persuaded Celatia and Silio two Townes about Capua He gaue euerie man fiue hundred drammes and had tenne thousande menne neyther armed nor distributed into due bands and order but only as a gard of his person vnder one ensigne They in the Citie were afrayde of Antonies commyng with his army and when they heard that Octauius was comming with another they were in a double feare and some tooke it well that they mighte vse Octauius against Antony Some that sawe theyr reconciliation in the Capitoll thought it but a dissimulation and a recompence of the one to be in authoritie and the other to persecute the quellers In thys disquietnesse Carnutiw the Tribune enimie to Antony and friende to Octauius wente to knowe the truth whyche béeyng done hée declared to the people that there was playne variance betwéene Antony and Octauius and that it stoode them in hande to make Octauius theyr friende séeyng they had none other armye to resist Antonyes Tyrannie When he had sayde thus he willed Octauius to enter who lay a little withoute the Citie at the Temple of Mars Hée dyd so and came to the Temple of Iupiters chyldren about the whyche the Souloioures stoode with theyr weapons openly Carnutius spake firste against Antony Then Octauius hymselfe reuiued the memorie
but to Octa. Caesar which Cicero prayseth also yesterday would haue theÌ rewarded of y commoÌ Treasure whiche example I pray God you do not one daye repent to suche inconuenience hath enmity caried Cicero He accuseth Antonies Tyranny also and murder of souldiours wheras they that séeke mischiefe to their countries euer do please their armies and not so punish theÌ And bycause he can accuse Antony of none other matter of Tiranny after Caesars rule go to I wil aske him questions of euery thing Whom hath Antony killed vnharde as a Tyrant who now him selfe vnhard is in daunger to be condemned whome hath he vanished whom hath he cast out hath he bin so to euery particular man hathe he layde traynes for vs all at once when O Cicero he decreed forgetfulnesse of all things done or that no man shoulde prosecute the murder or that a search shoulde be made of common Treasure or when he called home Pompey your Pompeis sonne or when he wished he might be recompenced of the common for his fathers substaunce or when he dispatched the counterfayte Marius whom then you al praysed and now only in that Cicero will not you disprayse or when he determined that no Dictator should be created or spoken of or when he ordayned that he that would shoulde dye for it These were the things that Antony did to vs in two monethes when he alone remayned in the Cittie after Caesar when by and by the people pursewed the stickers when by and by we were afrayde of things to come When if he woulde haue taken his occasion and haue bene vmust he coulde not haue had a better yet hée dyd not vse hys power to the contrary What did not he alone rule when Dolobella was gone into Syria What dyd not he vse hys army preste to al purposes in the Citie whyche you appointed to hym did he not watch the Citie was not he himself garded by night for feare of his enimies had he not occasioÌ by Caesars death his friend and benefactour and most deare to the people Had he not another more nere wheÌ his body was laid for of meÌ of whom he neyther banished nor put to death any but rather fauoured them as much as by reasoÌ honesty he coulde not enuying them These you sée O Romaines be the greatest and most doubtful matters that Cicero hathg athered against him and to hys accusations he ioyneth deuination as thoughe Antony woulde haue broughte so greate an armye againste the Cittie but that hee was afrayde of Octauius Caesar that preuented hym wyth an other armye If to entende onely so bee the parte of a manne that is an ennimye why doeth hee not counte hym one that came and encamped in the Cittye and gaue you no warnyng of it If Antony woulde come howe hapte it hee came not was hée afrayde of Caesars thrée thousande vnarmed he hauyng thirtye thousand well armed They came onely to Caesar for to helpe to a pacifycation betwéene them but when they saw that warre would follow they forsooke hym If he were afrayde when hée had thyrtie thousande howe came he hither with one thousande with the whyche goyng to Tibure howe manye dyd wee sende vnto hym howe manye of vs wente to bee sworne of hym that were not sworne before what prayses dyd Cicero make of hys good gouernemente and vertue howe woulde Antony if hee hadde knowen thys haue lefte wyth vs the pledges that nowe bee without the Senate house hys mother hys wife and hys young sonne whyche lamente and feare nowe not of Antonies doyngs in the common wealthe but for hys ennimyes power Thys I haue rehearsed vnto you as an example of Antonies innocencye and Ciceros mutabilitye And to them that well wyll consyder I wyll giue thys exhortation neyther to charge the people nor Antony neyther to bring in generall enimetie and daunger the common wealthe beyng sickely and wantyng them that spéedâââc might relieue it but to make the Cyttie strong before they abroade doe styrre anye tumulte whereby wee maye resiste anye that wyll ryse againste vs and âââge of them as wee shall thinke good and performe what wee haue iudged But howe can thys bée done If wee can suffer Antony for the loue or fauour of the people to haue Fraunce if wee call home Decimus wyth hys three legions and when hée is come senâe hym into Macedonia retayning hys legions and calling for the two legions that wente from Antony wee doe require them as Cicero sayeth of Caesar to bee in the Citie so as hauyng fiue legions wee maye confyrme what wee will by decree and not be driuen to hang of anye mans hope Thys haue I spoken to the hearers without enuye or emulation But for them that inconsiderately and vnaduisedly séeke to trouble ⪠you for priuate grudge or displeasure I shall beséeche the Judges not to bée to quicke nor swifte againste so greate men and leaders of so mightye armyes that they doe not force them to make warre againste their wyli remembryng Marcus Coriolanus and the late Caesar whom bringing an armye likewise and offring verye good conditions of concorde wee rashelye condemned as enimye and of necessitie made him to bee so indéede Let vs beare wyth the people that while earst did stirre againste the strykers of Caesar that we séeme not to hys reproch to giue them prouinces of nations nor prayse Decimus bycause hee despiseth the peoples lawe and condemne Antony bycause hee receyueth Fraunce by the peoples order And it behoueth them that bee of good iudgement to redresse them that goe astraye and the Consuls and Tribunes to prouide for the daungers of the present state Thus dyd Piso speake in defence with cries and sharpe wordes and was the onlye cause why Antony was not iudged a rebell Yet coulde he not obtayne that hee shoulde haue the prouince of Frenche Celtica For the friendes and kinsefolke of the killers for feare did lette it leaste the warre shoulde ceasse and hee bee at one with Octauius and they both reuenge Caesars deathe Wherefore theyr practise and deuise was to kepe Antony and Octauius styll at debate It was decréed that Antony should receiue Macedonie in stead of Lombardie Al other orders eyther of ignoraunce or of purpose they committed to Cicero to appoint and to giue answere to Embassadours He hauing this sentence dyd thus determyne That Antony shoulde streight departe from Modena and leaue Celtica to Decimo and to be within the compasse of the floud Rubicone which diuideth Italie from Lombardie by a daye prefixed and committe all his matters to the Senate Thus Cicero ambitiously and vniustly dyd appointe his determinations not for anye so great priuate enmitie but as it shoulde séeme by destinye that was determined to trouble the state with mutation and bring himselfe to some euill happe in the ende At this instante they were come that broughte the ashes of Trebonius and the despight vsed to him which being throughly knowne the Senate did
easilye decrée Dolabella to bée a rebell When the messengers were come to Antony they were ashamed of their strange commission and sayd nothing but deliuered the decrée vnto him ⪠He with great anger did ââueigh against the Senate Cicero maruelling that they would thinke Caesar a Tyranne or a king that had so muche augmented the state of Rome and not accompte Cicero so whome Caesar toke in warre and yet did not kill whereas Cicero doeth preferre hys killers before his friendes and hated Decimus when he was trusty to Caesar and loued him euer since he was a killer of him would ayde him that only by Caesar kept Celtica iudge hym a rebell that had it by the people To the legions that were assigned by decrée and reuolted the Senate giueth rewarde but none to them that remayne in their duety and so corrupt quoth he the discipline of war not belonging to me but to the Citie To the quellers he could graunt obliuion of the facte to whiche I consente for two noble mennes sake but Antonye and Dolobella hee iudgeth enimyes bycause wee kéepe that was giuen vs for that is the verye cause But if I leaue Celtica I am neither enimy nor tyranne I protest I will dissolue that forgetfulnesse that shall not be verye acceptable to hym Many things after this sorte spake Antony and wrote thys aunswere to the decrée that to the Senate he woulde obey as to hys Countrey but to Cicero that wrote the commaundement thus he spake The people haue giuen me Celtica by lawe Decimus that wil not obey I will remoue and reuenge the matter of murther in hym for all that the Senate may be purged of the âaulte they be in whereof they be ful for Ciceroes sake to helpe Decimus When Antony had thus saide he wrote it by and by Wherefore the Senate iudged hym an enimy and the armye with him vnlesse they wente from hym Macedonia and Illiria with the armies of both they appointed to Marcus Brutus till the common wealth were brought to better state He had an armye of hys owne and had receyued one of Appuleius He had shippes bothe gallies and hulkes and sixtéen thousand talents of money and greate plenty of armour which he founde in the Citie of Demeatride layde vp there by Caesar all the whiche the Senate confirmed by the decrée that hée mighte vse to the benefit of hys country Syria was by the Senate appoynted to Cassius and commaunded to make warre vppon Dolobella and all that had prouinces or armies of the Romaines from the Ionian Sea to the Easte were charged to obey Brutus and Cassius Wherefore Cassius and Brutus estate was sodainely in great fame When Octauius Caesar vnderstoode these thynges hée was in doubt for where he thought the lawe of Obliuion to procéede of a conuenieÌcie of humanitie and a respect of pitie of their kinsfolke that were men in like aucthoritie and therfore had appointed them to prouinces for a shorte tyme for their securitie as Celtica to Decimus to note Antony of Tyranny and by that deuice to induce hym againste Antony Nowe that Dolobella was condemned as a rebell for killing one of the quellers and that mightye nations were giuen in prouince to Erutus and Cassius and manye armies wyth greate speedinââie appointed to them with abundaunce of money and that they were made Generalles of all the people from Ionia to India He perceâued that all this tended to the aduauncement of Pompeys parte and to the vtter destruction of Caesars And that the Senate wente aboute to deceyue hym as a youngman the plotte wherof he conceiued in his mynd and that when he was made a Capitaine against Antony it was meant to take his armye from him and that the Consulls being in the fielde there was no néede of any other Capitayne and that onely honours were gyuen to the Souldiours that reuolted from Antony and hys vnhonoured and that this warre would worke his infamy beâng vsed to none other intent of the Senate but to the destruction of Antony He kept the considerations secrete to hymselfe and makâng sacrifice for the charge gyuen hym he thus sayd to hys armye This honour O fellow Souldiours I may thanke you for not onelye nowe but from the tyme you gaue mée power For your sakes the Senate haue gyuen iâ me and therfore for this also you know I am youre debtor of thankes whiche if the Gods shall gyue vs god lucke I will requite abundantly Thus did he speake to winâe hys armye and marched foorth Pansa one of the Consuls lead his army ouer Italy Hirtius the other Consull diuided with Caesar and as he was secretely instructed of the Senate he required in the diâision the two legions that went from Antony bycause they were counted the best Souldiors Caesar did grant euery thing and when they had diuided they encamped togither that wynter At the ende of winter Decimus beganne to lacke victual wherefore Hirtius and Caesar wente to Mutina that Antony shoulde not get from them Decimus armye opprest with famine Antony holding Mutina straighte they with all their forces woulde not fight with hym but tarried for Pansa Diuers skirmishes were made in the whyche thoughe Antony hadde the greater number of horse yet the narrownesse of the fielde and the ditches about the riuers did kéepe backe the multitude of horsemen And thus went the matter at Mutina In Rome in the absence of the Consuls Cicero dydde al as the peoples ruler He assembled the Senate euerye daye hée made prouision of armour compelling workemen without payment He gathered money and putte great impositions vppon Antonies friendes They suffered it patiently to auoide displeasure til Publius Ventidius that had serued vnder Caesar and was friende to Antony could not abide the sharpenesse of Cicero but wente to Caesars habitations where he was well knowne and gotte twoo legions whyche he ledde to Antonie by Rome to take Cicero Great trouble grew of this insomuche as manye wente awaye wyth their wiues and children for feare and Cicero fledde oute of the Cittie whyche when Ventidius knewe hée tourned straighte to Antony and being stepte by Caesar and Hirtius hée wente to Picene where he gathered another legion and stayed to sée what would come The Consull and Caesar séeing that Pansa drew nighe with hys hoste sente Carsâleius the leader of Caesars chiefe bande and the Martiall legion to helpe him to passe the straights Antonie dydde not muche care for the passage so he mighte otherwise hinder them and being desirous of the âight could not vse his horsemen in the playne bycause of the Fenny place full of ditches He hidde twoo of hys beste legions in the Fenne the waye béeing made by hande and straighte and on both sides couered with réedes Carsuleius all the nighte passing âhys place by the breake of day was come to the way made with hand With the
the bringers of this gifte he sentâ secretiye some afore to afraye them whereby they wyth their money fledde awaye When the report of his comming was at Rome great was the trouble and tumulte running hyther and thyther to sende their wiues and children and to carye their chiefe substaunce eyther into the countrey or so the strongest parts of the Citie For it was not throughly known whyther he came onlye to aske the Consulshippe But when they heard that he came as an ennimy wyth an angry armye they were afrayde of al hands The Senate was greatly stroken that they had no power sufficient and as in suche feare happeneth one of them accesed an other some bycause they tooke awaye the army from Antony wyth suche dispight some bycause they had suspition of the Triumphe whiche was but right some for hatred and diuision of the money some bycause he was not appointed the eleuenth manne in the distribution some bycause the rewards were not giueÌ neither soone ynough nor ful ynough sayd the army was become their enimy ⪠blamed this contention so much out of season Brutus and Cassius being so farre off and Antonius and Lepidus their ennimies so nygh whome perceyuing to be redy to agrée wyth Caesar made the feare to grow the greater Cicero that before was the great styrrer did nowe no where appeare In euerie manne was maruellous mutation in euerye matter and for the two thousande and fiue hundred drams that shoulde be giuen to two legions to giue fiue thousande drammes to eight legions and in stéede of tenne men to make Caesar the distributour alone and to graunte hym to aske the Consulshippe in his absence Ambassadours went in haste tâ make thys message with diligence who were not out of the towne before the Senate repented them as they that ougâââ not so cowardly to be troubled nor to receiue another ââran without bloudshed and that it was not the vse to aske the Consulship by force nor that Captaynes shoulde rule the Countrey at their pleasure and that they in the Citie shoulde arme themselues and alleage the lawes againste them that came to inuade the Countrey and if they woulde néedes procéede rather to suffer the séege till Decimus and Plancus myghte come and better to defend themselues to death than willingly to receyue seruitude without redresse They recyted the olde examples of the Romanes in sufferance and Counsell for their libertie whiche they woulde in no wise giue ouer And when the two legions called from Libya dyd that day arriue at the porte they thoughte that the Gods did exhort them to mainteyne their libertie and repenting now themselues they woulde reuoke all that they had done Cicero now appearing among them Therefore all men that were of age were appoynted to serue The two Legions that came from Libya and wyth them a thousande Horse and one Legion that Pansa lefte them were putte togither all the whiche was deuided One parte kepte the hyll Ianiculo where all theyr money lay Another kepte the passage of the floud by the officers of the Citie deuiding themselues and some hadde broughte their moneys to the porte in Shippes and boates that if they were ouercome they myght escape by Sea. Thus they dyd with greate boldnesse and spéede trustyng thereby to affray Caesar or to moue hym without his army to aske the Consulshippe of them or manfully to defende themselues and that the state myghte change to contrarie fortune whyles they did fyght for their libertie Caesars mother and his sister they coulde not fynde neyther by priuie nor open search wherefore they made a greate stirre béeyng spoyled of so great pledges and thoughte that the Caesarians did not encline to them bycause they had so surely hid them from them Some of the messengers remayning yet wyth Caesar the contrarye determination was tolde him wherefore they departed from him with shame he with the armye béeyng the rather styrred came forwarde wyth greate hast fearing the women myghte take hurte And to the people that was in tumulte he sente hys Horsemen afore willing them no more to bée afrayde whereat euery man reioysing he tooke the places aboue Mount Quirinale no man daryng to encounter or resiste hym Wherefore an other maruelous mutation was séene of the sodayne So many noble menne that wente vnto hym and receyued hym the common people folowyng and vsing the Souldiours in battayle raye as men quiet in peace hée leauyng hys armye in that place the nexte daye came into the Cittie with a sufficient Garde aboute hym they of the Cittie mette wyth hym all the waye on euery side and saluted hym omittyng no parte of humanitie nor humble seruice His Mother and hys Sister from the Temple of Vestae wyth the holy Nunnes ranne out to embrace hym The thrée legions dispising theyr Capitaynes sente Embassadours vnto him to yéelde themselfe Cornutus one of theyr chiefe Capitaynes killed hymselfe the other trusted to hys promisse and fayth Cicero hearyng of these promyses practysed to come before hym by hys friendes whiche beyng done he excused hymselfe and extolled the perswasion that hée had vsed to the Senate for hys Consulshippe he answeared onely with a taunt that he was the laste of hys friendes that came vnto him In the nyghte a sodayne rumour was raysed that twoo legions of Caesars the Martiall and the fourth were reuolted to the Cittie as grieued they should be brought to betraye their countrey The officers and the Senate gaue fayth vnto the rumour very lightly and though the other army was at hand they thought with these menne so valiant they might resist the reste of Caesars hoste till more power mighte come to them from other place And in the nyghte to be sure they sente Acilius Crassus into Picena to gather an armye and they commaunded one Apuleius a Tribune to runne to the people wyth thys ioyful tydings and the Senate that night came to the Counsell ⪠Cicero standing at the dore and receyuing them with greate ioye and gladnesse and when it was knowne it was but a false rumor he fledde his waye in a waggon Caesar laughing at them broughte his armye nygher the Citie to the place called the fielde of Mars He hurt none of the officers not so much as Crassus that was posting into Picene althoughe hee was broughte vnto hym in a seruile habite but spared all to the opinion of hys humanitie albeit not long after he put them to death The common treasure founde in Ianiculo or in any other place be commaunded to be brought togither and al that was afore appointed by Cicero he distributed to his army two thousande and fiue hundred drammes to euery man the residue he promised to giue them When he had done this he retyred from the Citie till the election of the Consuls when he was chosen and with him Q. Pedius as he desired who had left a portion
Antony to haue hir and forthwith was Septimius condemned which thing he learning of his wife and ignorant of his euill at home fledde to hir and she soeming to be carefull to kéepe him shutte the dores and hydde hym tyll the strikers came and in one daye he was kylled and she married Salassus fledde and béeyng wythout hope in the nyghte refurned to the Citie to abydetyll the sharpenesse of the time myghte ceasse He came to his house that was solde and enely his housekéeper who was sold with the house knew him who broughte hym to hys lodge and promised to kéepe hym and hidde him to his power He hadde him call his wife from the other part of the house she aunswering she durst not come fearing hir mayde myghte suspect some what by nyghte sayde she woulde be wyth hym in the morning When day was come she called y strikers The Porter ranne to the house to call his mistresse bycause he thought she tarried too long Salassus béeyng afrayde of his Porters long absence was in doubte of deceyte and wente vp to the toppe of the house from the whyche when he sawe not hys Porter but hys wyfe hrynging the strikers he cast hymselfe to the grounde Fuluius fledde to a woman seruaunte whome fyrste he kepte after made hir frée and gaue a dowrie to marrââ hir she hauing ãâ¦ã these benefytes for iclousic of another woman whome he had married betrayed hym These examples may be for euill wiues Statius the Samnite that in the fellowes warre had done many things for the Samnite and for the excelleÌcie of his feates bloud and riches being chosen into the Romaine Senafe and nowe foure score yeares of age was condemned for his riches he opened his house to the people and suffered his seruauntes to take what they woulde and something he threwe out till it was voyde then he set it on fyre and shut it and burned in it and the fire did consume many other places of the Citie â ãâ¦ã for the most part kéeping his dores open killed al them that forced to come in one after another at length oppressed with the multitude he alone hauing killed many dyed Vitulinus gathered a greate number of men aboute Reggio of such as were condemned and other fledde with them and from the eyghtéene Cities that were giue in pray to the Souldioures which were gréeuously offended Vitulinus hauing these killed y ordinarie bands that were sent to séeke them till a greater army was sent and then he gaue not ouer but went into Sicelie to Pompey who held that Iland and receyued such as fledde vnto hym where he did serue very valiantly til after many fightes he was ãâ¦ã yet hauing sent his sonne and all the condemned men with him to ⪠Messina when hée sawe the shippes to be arriued he fell on his enimies and was cut in péeces Naso being betrayed of a seruant whome he loued and hadde made frée tooke a swarde from one of the souldioures and onely killing the traytour offered himselfe to the strikers A seruante that loued hys Mayster kepte him safe in an hill and went to the sea to hyre him a boate After his retourne perceiuing hys Mayster to bée killed he cried albude vnto him hauing yet a little life staye a white O Mayster quoth he and sodamlye stroke the Capitayne and killed hym then commyng agayne to his Mayster killed himselfe saying O Mayster thou haste receiued comfort ⪠Lucius gaue his golde to two of his moste faithfull seruants whome he had made frée and went to the seâ where they âââting from him hée retourned and not caring for hys lyse offered hymselfe to the quellers Labtenu who in Syllas tyme had taken and killed manye that were then proscribed mighte well be reproâed if he had not suffered the like valiantly He went out of his house ââtââ and in his th aire and tarrsed for the killers Castius in the Countrey was hidde of hys good seâ ãâ¦ã the Souldiors euer running aboute in ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã ⪠menneâ heades he coulde not abide the conti ãâ¦ã of the fears but badde his seruauntes make a fyre ⪠and if anye maââe did aske ⪠them saye Cestius was kylled and there buried When they hadde made the fyre reapye hée leapte into ãâ¦ã Apponius hiding hymseisr surely coulde abide the euill diet but offered himselfe to the sworde Another willinglye offered himselfe openlye and bicause the strikers tarryed hée shoaked hymself in the middest of them Lucius father in lawe to Asâââââ then Consull fledde vnto the Sea the tediousnesse whereof not able to abide he leapts into the water Sisinius fléeing awaye and crying that hée was not condemned but followed of them to be betrayed for hys money they brought him to the booke and badde hym reade hye own name whyche when they hadde doone they dispatched him Aemilius not knowing he was coÌdeÌned séeing theÌ follow one another asked y Captayne who was condemned the Captaine lookyng him in the face sayde Thou and he and so killed them bothe Cilo and Decius coming out of the Senate house and knowing they were coÌdemned and their names in the booke no man folowyng them they fledde vnséemely to the gates and their runnyng be wrayed themselues to the Captaynes Icelus that fauoured Brutus Cassius and Octauius Caesar being present with his armie at the assemblie and other giuyng voyce secretely to their condemnation onely he openly gaue to the absolution and hidde himselfe with great minde and trust of libertie and when he saw a dead body caried foorth he wente among them that bare the bere The warders at the gate perceyuing there were more men than were wonte to beare a corpse hauing no regarde of the bearers searched the bere thinking there had bene no dead maÌ in it wherfore the bearers being angry with âcilius bicause he was none of their coÌpany the strikers knew him and killed him Varus beyng betrayde of his frée made man fledde and went from hill to hill till he came to the senne of Minturno in the whiche he toke his rest The Minturnians searching y fenne for a théese the toppes of the réedes wauering bewrayed Varus who being taken he coÌfessed he was a felon vpon the whiche he was condemned and ledde away and when he should haue bene racked with the other offendors abborring that vile maner he sayde You of Minturno I warne you neither to racke me nor kill me hauing bene a Consull of Rome and condemned now of the Prmces whiche is more to my honour for if I can not slée it shal be better for me to suffer with mine equals They not beléeuing him and distrustyng hys tale the Captayne came and cut of his head leauing his bodie with them Certen that tooke Largus in the countrie not séekyng him but an other hauing pitie to kill him whom they fought not gaue him leaue to flée into
both was honoured with the place of a Lieutenaunt And after them Caesar to cléere himself of Ciceros iniurie made him straight the Bishop and not long after Consul and President of Syria And wheÌ Caesar ouercame Antony at Actio he was yet Consul and Caesar wrote to him of it which Letters he readde to the people of Rome and sate in that seate of Justice where his fathers head was put Appius diuided his substance among his seruants and sayled with them into Sicelie They watching for his mony a storm rysing put him into a boate that they might sayle with the more safetie but it chaunced that he in the boate was saued beyonde all hope and they drowned with theyr shippe Publius a treasurer of Brutus and of the familie of Anteny was requested to forsake Brutus which bicause he would not do he was proscribed yet he returned and was a friende to Caesar and when Caesar came to him he woulde shewe him Brutus picture for the which he was praysed of Caesar These things beyonde hope happening to the proscribed men both in daunger and safetie many moe being omitted I thought chiefe to be declared When matters had thus passed in Rome all the places about for these troubles were ful of enimies great warres fell out In Libya of Cornificius against Sextius in Syria of Cassius against Dolobella in Sicilia of Pompey where great affliction was among the Citties for this captiuitie I will ouerpasse the lesse the greatest that appeared more worthie than the rest in Loadicea Tharsus Rhodes Patareans and Xantheans and euery of them which from the beginning in order I haue gathered to write were these The Romaines call that parte yet olde Libya which they wanne of the Carthaginenses that whiche King Iuba helde and was after gotten by Caesar they call Newe Libya and may bée of Numidia Sextius being president of New Libya vnder Caesar commaunded Cornificius to giue place in the olde as thoughe all Libya was Caesars by lot When the thrée men made their diuision he sayd he knew no suche diuision made of the thrée men among themselues nor woulde deliuer the Prouince which he had receiued of the Senate but onelye to them againe And for this cause they made war one against another Cornificius had an armye well appointed and great in number Sextius had lighte harnessed and fewer by the whiche comming abroade hée caused men to reuolte from Cornificius and gaue repulse to Ventidius a Captaine of Cornificius comming vpon him lustily and besieged him Laelius an other Captayne of Cornificius went abrode and wan Cirta and other places from Sextius and they al sent to Arabion the king and to them that were called Sittians to take part with them in the warre which were so called for thys cause Sittius in Rome not abiding sentence in his own quarrell fled and gathering an army came froÌ Italy and Spaine into Libya and tooke a part among the Libyan Kings that warred togither and with whom he ioyned and gotte the victorie he was called a Sittian bycause his army did very valiantly When Caius Caesar did persecute Pompeys friends he did fyghte for him in Libya and ouerthrewe Sabura Iubas Lieutenant a famous man For whiche cause Sittius was rewarded of Caesar with king Manasses land not al but the best part of it Manasses was this Arabions father and confederate with Iuba His lande Caesar gaue to Sittius and to Bocchus king of the Marusians one part whereof Sittius diuided for the people vnder him Arabion fledde into Iberia to Pompeis children and when Caius Caesar was killed he retourned againe to Libya and euer sending some of his Libyans to the yonger Pompey into Iberia and receyuing expert souldiours from thence he tooke hys lande from Bocchus and dispatched Sittius by craft and being still friend to the Pompeyans and perceyuing their fortune to be full of infelicitie without hope he agréede with Sittius and soone by hym was reconciled to Caesar The Sittians also for his fathers beneuolence wyth Caesar ioyned wyth hym Sestius being nowe emboldned came from the siege to the fight where Ventidius was slayne and the army fledde without a guyde whome he chased and killed and tooke many of them Laelius hearing of this leuied the siege at Cirta and wente to Cornificius Sestius being hauty with this feat went to Cornificius at Vtica and encamped against him hauing much people And Cornificius sending Laelius with horsmen to take a view Sestius sent Arabion with his horse against Laelius at the face he with horse better appointed came vpon him on the side and disordred hym so that Laelius thoughe not inferior yet fearing his retire shoulde haue bene shutte tooke an hill that was betwéene both where Arabion as hée was directed kylled manye and compassed the reste Cornificius séeing this came foorthe wyth hys whole power to helpe Laelius Sestius sette vpon him on the back with sodayne charge whome Cornificius endeuoured to repell with great trauaile Arabion in the meane time créeping with his meÌ through the stony places came secretly ouer mountaines vpon Cornificius campe Roscius that was kéeper of the campe being distressed offered hys throate to be cutte of a Page Cornificius wearie of the fyght went to Laelius to the mountaine not knowing what was doone at his Campe when Arabion ⪠horsemen came vpon him and killed him Laelius séeing al this vpon the hill kylled himselfe When the Captaines were deade the armies fled seuerally and suche of the proscribed men as were with Cornificius some fledde into Sicelie and some whither they could Sestius rewarded Arabion and the Sitâians with goodly gifts and the Citties he pardoned to obey Caesar This was the ende of the warre in Libya betwixte Cornificius and Laelius very shorte if a man consider the feates doone wyth so great spéede With Brutus and Cassius in comparison to these little was done and that was this when Caius Caesar was killed the murderers tooke the Capitoll and when obiâuion of al thinges was decréed they came down The people at the funerall of Caesar being moued wyth pittie ranne aboute to séeke the quellers and they driuing them backe from the toppes of the houses went to the prouinces that Caesar had appointed Cassius and Brutus beyng yet Pretors in the Citie were assigned also of Caesar to prouinces Cassius to Siria and Brutus to Macedonia And bycause they coulde not goe to their prouinces before their time nor abide the hate of the Citie they wente away being yet in office and the Senate in consideration of them appointed them Purueioures for prouision that in that meane time they shoulde not be thought to flée away They beyng gone Syria Macedonia were apointed by decrée to Antony and Dolobella being then Consuls The Senate béeing very muche grieued gaue them in steade thereof Creta Cirene whiche they not regarding in shorte tyme gathered much money and men
the Tribute Thus Tharsus and Laodicea were punished Cassius and Brutus consultyng togither it séemed best to Brutus to remoue the armie from thence into Macedonia for greater consideration Bycause it was sayde theyr enimies had fourty legions and that eyght of them were past the Ionian sea Cassius thought the multitude of the enimie not to be passed of bycause in tyme their number shoulde be their destruction for wante and therefore that they shoulde sette vpon the Rodians and Licians friends to their enimies and hauing nauies least they should come vpon their backes when they had agreed they deuided their armies Brutus went against the Licians Cassius agaynst the Rodians for hée was brought vp there learned the Gréeke tongue And bicause they were very strong vpon the Sea he prepared exercised hys owne ships at Guido The wise men of the Rodes were afrayd to come to fight with the Romanes but the people was lusty recounting their former feats against other maner of men than these Their shippes also they gathered of the beste of the whiche were .xxxiij. when they had done so they sente some to Mindo to Cassius requesting him he woulde not reiect the Rhodes a Citie that euer did reuenge such as contemned them nor the coÌuentions betwene the Rhodians and the Romanes that one shoulde not beare armes against the other and if he did alleage any thyng for societie of warre that they woulde vnderstande of the Senate of Rome and they commaunding it they sayde they would do it Thus much they sayde He answeared that for the rest warre must iudge in stéede of wordes where the league coÌmaunded they should not leauie armes one against another the Rhodians did conspire with Dolobella and ayded him against Cassius But where it coÌmaundeth that one should help another and now that Cassius requireth it they vse a shifte by the Romane Senate which is scatered and at this present destroyed by the Tyrannes that be in the Citie which should be punished and so should the Rhodians taking their partes onlesse they did as he commaunded them Thus sayde Cassius WheÌ this was knowne at Rhodes the auncient men were the more afrayd The people were persuaded by one AlexaÌder Manasses remeÌbring vnto them that Mithridates came against theÌ with many moe ships before him Demetrius Therfore they made Alexander their chief officer called Prytanâo Manasses their Admiral Neuerthelesse they sent Archelaus embassadour to Cassius who was his schoolemaster in the Gréeke to intreate him familiarly and when he had taken him by the hande he spake to him as to hys acquayntance Thou that art a louer of the Gréeke language do not disturbe a Gréeke citie nor the Rhodes being a louer of libertie nor deface the Dorian dignitie neuer yet blemished since it firste began nor forget y goodly historie which thou diddest learne at Rhodes and Rome At Rhodes howe muche the Citizens of the same haue euer stoode to their defence against nations kings and such as were thought inuincible as Demetrius Mithridates for their libertie for y whiche thou sayst thou trauaylest In Rome what we haue done for you as wel against other as Antiochus the great there be pillers set vp of you as monumeÌts of vs And thus much may he sayd to you O Romanes of our natioÌ of our worthinesse of our state neuer yet in seruitude of our societie choyse of you But in thée now Cassius a certaine great reuereÌce I say remayneth toward this citie thy nurse thy scole thy Phisitian house wher thou didst dwell to my scole my self to other things wherein I toke paynes Now you well requite al this vpoÌ my countrie y it be not forced to make warre with thée that was nourished brought vp in it nor put vs to y necessitie of one of two things either that y Rhodians shal all be destroyed or Cassius ouercome I aduise thée further beside y I haue prayed thée that hast takâ in hand this feate for the coÌmon welth of Rome y thou always make the Gods the guydes in so great a cause You Romanes did call the Gods to witnesse when by Caius Caesar ye made soleÌne league with vs and by othe coÌfirmed the same gaue vs your right hands which enimies performe shal not frieÌds and felowes dâ it Refraine now for Gods cause for the glory among men seing nothing is more barbarous than breach of league which make the offendours to séeme vnfaithfull both to friend foe WheÌ the old man had thus sayd he did not let Cassius hand go but he wept wiped his eyes with it that with that manner he might moue Cassius who for reuereÌce was abashed with some passioÌ sayd thus If thou diddest not persuade the Rodians to doe me any iniurie then thy selfe hast done it but if thou diddest exhort and aduise them couldest not persuade them then I do reuenge thée I haue bene iniured euidently firste bycause I asking helpe of them that nourished and taught me am contemned and despised then bycause they preferred Dolobella whome they neyther taught nor brought vp before me and that that is the more haynous not onely before me but Brutus and other noble men whome you knowe well to be fledde from Tirannie and to be ready to fight for libertie of our countrie You the Rodianes louers of libertie preferred Dolobella before vs he séekyng to take the same from other and vs whome now you ought to fauour you pretend you will not deale with ciuill warre It were ciuill if we did couet vnlawfull power but now opeÌ warre is made of peoples rule against Tirannes state and you that haue popular gouernment do forsake the same and of them that do labour for their lawes and beare good will to the Romanes and be condemned to death without iudgement that be prescribed confiscate you haue no pitie at all But you answeare you will vnderstand the Senates minde which is now destroyed and can not helpe it self For ye knew the Senate had decréed to Brutus and me that al the inhabitants betwéene Ionia and the East should obey our coÌmaundements Thou makest a rehearsal what you haue done for vs at our waÌts for with good will you haue receyued reward againe But you forget that you denie help to vs that suffer iniurie for the sauing of our liberty whom you ought if there had bene no friendship betwirt vs but would now haue begon it to haue ayded the coÌmon cause of Rome few beyng of the Dorean libertie You bring foorth also leagues lacking other matter that Caius Casar the first author of Tirannie did make with you and say that the Romanes and Rodians should help one an other in their necessities Helpe you then nowe the Romanes that in greatest cause be in moste perill Cassius a Romane borne and a president of the Romanes dothe chalenge that league accordyng to the
not accompted of Caesar for hys youth like to archieue any matter and remayned in Spayne He in companye wyth a fewe théeues roued on the Sea and was not knowen to be Pompeys sonne The number of the Roners increasing and hauing a good bande he confessed he was Pompeys chylde Wherefore all the remnant of hys fathers and brothers armye resorted to him as to a familiar Captayne Arabion béeyng dispeopled in Libya came vnto hym as wée haue sayde and hée hauyng thys multitude hys actes were estéemed greater than as of a Pyrate and Pompeys name sounded ouer all Spayne full of people so as the officers of Caesar durst not meddle wyth hym whyche when Caesar hearde he sente Carina wyth a greater armye to ouerthrowe Pompey But he béeyng armed for the lyghte attemptes suddaynely sette vppon hym and troubled hym and tooke Cities both small and greate for the whyche cause Caesar sente Abnius Pollio to succéede Carina and to warre with Pompey whyche at the time that Caesar was killed did trie their power after the which Pompey was reuoked of the Senate and then he went to Massilia to heare what was done who being chosen Admirall as his father he gathered all the Shippes he could get togither and kept the Seas but would not come to Rome And when the thrée mens power began he sayled into Sicelie and beseeged the Captayne Bythinicus that woulde not receyue him till Hirtius and Fannius condemned by proscription and fledde from Rome caused that place to be giuen to Pompey Thus Pompey was Lord of Sicelie hauing a Nauie and Iland nigh to Italy and a great army both of them he had before and also of them that fledde from Rome both bond and frée and such as the Cities of Italie sent him that were giuen in pray to the Souldioures for these did detest in theyr hearts the conquest of the thrée men and as much as they could secretly wrote against them And as many as might get out of the Countrey being nowe no more of their Countrey fledde to Pompey being at hande and most accepted to the Romaines of that time There came also to him Seamen from Libya and Iberia skylfull in the water in so muche as Pompey was full of Captaynes Shippes Souldioures and money Of the whyche when Caesar vnderstoode he sente Saluidienus with a Nauy thinking it to be an easie matter to put Pompey from the Sea and he passed through Italy to help Saluidienus from Reggio Pompey came againste Saluidienus with a greate nauie and making the fyghte hard at the shallowes of the I le aboute Scyleion Pompeys Shippes were lighter and excéeded in the promptnesse and experience of the skilfull Seamen The Romanes were heauyer and greater and the more vnfitte as the manner of the shallow Sea is to whirle aboute that the billowes breake on eyther side the water Pompeys were the lesse troubled for custome to the surgies but Saluidienus Shippes could neyther stand firme for lacke of that experience nor able to vse their âares nor hauing fitte sternes for to turne at will were sore troubled Wherfore towarde the Sunne sette Saluidienus first withdrew and Pompey also did the like The losse of shippes was equall The other that were brused and broken Saluidienus repayred lying at the port of that narow sea Balaron Caesar came and gaue greate fayth to the Reggians and Ipponeans that they should be exempt from them that were gyuen in victorie for he feared them most bycause they were so nigh that narow cut But when Antony sente for hym in haste he sayled to him to Brunduse hauyng on his lefte hand Sicelie entendyng then not to matche with Pompey Murcus when Caesar came that hée shoulde not be inclosed of Antony and him wente a little from Brunduse waytyng by the way the great shippes that carried the armie to Macedonia whiche were wayted of the Galleys the winde being great euen as they coulde wish They sayled away chéerefully without any néede of any Galleys whereat Murcus was grieued and wayted for their returne empty But they bothe then and after caried ouer the army with full sayle till all the army with Caesar and Antony were passed Murcus being thus hindred by fortune as he thought taried for other passages and preparations of new Souldiours from Italy to hinder as much as he coulde the prouisions and the army lefte and to him Domitius Oenobarbus one of Cassius Capitaynes came as to a seruice of great moment with fifty shippes one other legion and Archers that Caesars army not hable to be victualed otherwise sufficiently but from Italie it might as he thought be stopped from thence Thus they with one hundreth and twentie galleys and more shippes of burden with a great army did scoure those seas Ceditius and Norbanus whome Caesar and Antony sente with viij legions into Macedonia and from thence to Thracia went aboue the hilles a hundred and .xl. myles tyll they came beyonde Philip and tooke the streyghts of Torpido and Salapian the beginnyng of Rascopolinus lande and the onely knowen way betwene Europe and Asia and that was a let to Cassius army goyng from Castius to Abydus Rascopolis and Rascus were brethren of the bloud of the Thracian kings and being Princes of one region they differed in opinion Raseos fauoryng Antony and Rascopolis Cassius eyther of them hauyng thrée thousand horse Cassius Capitaynes askyng of the way ââsââpolââ sayde The shorte and playne way goeth from hence to Maronaea and leadeth to the streights of Salamina beyng possessed by the enimie is not to be passed There is another way thrice so muche aboute and harde to passe where the enimie can not goe for lacke of victuall from whence they might goe to Thracia and Macedonia When they hearde thys they wente by Aeno and Maronaea to Lysimachia and Cardia that receyue the strayght of Cherronesus as twoo gates and the nexte day they came to the gulfe of Mellana where they mustered their men They had ninetene legions of armed meÌ Brutus tenne and Cassius nine none full but with twoo thousande at the moste to bée filled so as they had about fourescore thousande The horsemen of Brutus were foure thousand Celtians and Lucitanians twoo thousande Parthenians Thessalians Thracians and Iâirians Cassius of Iberians and Celtians had twoo thousande of Arabians Medians and Parthians Archers on horsebacke foure thousande The Kings and Princes of the Galatians in Asia were their confederates and folowed them with a greate hoste of footemen and horsemen aboue fiue thousande This great armie of Brutus and Cassius was set in order at the gulfe of Melane with the whiche they procéeded to the warre appoyntyng other menne for other necessities They purged the army by Sacrifice accordyng to the manner and fulfilled promises made for money giuyng libecally to winne mennes hartes as they might well hauyng suche plenty of richesse bycause there were many that
Italy but vpon the trust of Antonie Not only trusting vppon Antonie but sente of hym sayde Cocceius for I will not dissemble and he shall ãâã the reste of Italie being voyde of Nauie if you make not peace Caesar not vnwillyng to heare this diuise stayde a whyle Pompey shal be punished whelynow quoth he being already repulsed froÌ Thuriji Than Cocceius perceyuing all the controuersie tolde hym that Fului ⪠was dead for unkindnesse of Antonie and nowe that shée is gone there is no way but to vtter one an others gréefe without dissimulation Caesar beyng appeased by this talke receyued Cocceius who requested him to wryte somewhat to Antonie as the yonger to the elder He denied to wryte any thing to his enimie that woulde write nothing to him He also thought vnkindnesse in Antonies mother that beyng of his he use fledde out of Italie and would not séeke to hym of whome she might haue obtayned any thing as of hir Sonne and to hir âee was content to wryte When Cocceius came foorth many of the Capitaynes declared the mindes of the Souldiours that except they woulde be reconciled warre should be made Which hée tolde Antonie and wished him to couÌtermaund Pompey from furder inuasion of Italie and to sende Aenobarbus away till they were agréed Iulia his mother ioyned with Cocceius and prayed hir sonne so to doe Antonie stoode in doubte for if the peace did not take he muste desire Pompeis helpe agayne the whiche woulde be a shame for hym but his mother putting him in comfort ãâã séeming to knowe more Antony gaue place and required Pompey to returne into Sicelie and he would kéepe promise with him and sent Aenobarbus with authoritie into Bythinia When y army heard this then chose messengers that mighte goe to eyther generall and cutting off ãâ¦ã rehearsall of vnkindnesse paste to requyre theÌ to linke in ãâã For this purpose of Caesars parte there was chosen ⪠ãâã and for Antonie Pollio and Cocceius was ioyned to them aâ a fréeââe to bothe And ⪠bycause Marcellus was dead that was husband to ãâã Caesars sister they required that shée might be made sure ⪠to Antony whiche beyng done all the army cried Happy âaâ it ãâã continuing their reioyce one whole day a night Then Caesar and Antonie once agayne deuided the whole ãâã Empire and made Câdropoli a Citie of Slauonia the ãâã of bothe their partes bycause it stoode in the ende of the Adriaâicall sea That Caesar should haue al ãâã and Ilandes westward euen to the mayne Sea. That Antonie shoulde haue the lyke Eastwarde euen to the floud Euphrates That Lepidus should haue Africa still as Caesar had appointed That Caesar should make warre vpoÌ Pompey vnlesse other order were taken That Antonie shoulde make warre vpon the Parthians to reuenge the iniurie done to Crassus That Aenobarbus should be receyued into societie with those conditions that he had of Antonie That it should be lawful for both to leuie men in Italie with like numbers of legions This peace was solemnelie ratified WhervpoÌ they sent away their friends about their affayres Antonie sent Ventidius into Asia to represse the Parthians yong Labienus who by the help of the Parthians made new commotioÌs in Syria as far as Ionia all the which be shewed in the Parthians warre Pompey by his Capitayne Menodorus repulsed Helenus Casars Lieftenant out of Sardinia Wherfore Caesar would not be reconciled with him They went to Rome togither and celebrated the mariage Where Antonie put Manius to death bycause hée stirred Fuluia to make warre He accused Saluidienus gouernour for Caesar of the armie at Rhâdanus that hée woulde forsake hys mayster and cleaue to hym whereof he wrote letters to hym to Brunduse This was not lyked of all men declaryng vnconstant dealing in too much séeking of amitie Caesar called Saluidienus vnto him as about a matter of charges and to sende him againe to the army whom when he came he slew him with reproche and deliuered his army to Antonie as suspected In the meane time the cytie was oppressed with famine ⪠for neyther durst the Merchauntes bring any corne from the East bicause of Pompeis being in Sicelie nor from the Weast of Cââsica Sardinia where Pompeis shippes also lay nor froÌ Africa where the nauies of the other conspiratours kepte their stations Being in this distresse they alleaged that the discorde of the rulers was the cause and therefore required that peace might be made with Pompey vnto the whiche when Caesar woulde not agrée Antonie thought warre was néedefull for necessitie and bycause money waÌted a decrée was made by Antonies aduise that euery maister should pay the half of .xxv. drammes for euery slaue that he had whiche was determined to bene done in the war of Cassius that somewhat also shoulde be payde of euery mans heritage The people tore the decrée with great furie obiected the consuming of treasure publike the spoylyng of prouinces the sacking of Italie and all for priuate displeasure and yet all woulde not serue but muste nowe put newe impositions vpon them that haue nothing left They assembled and murmured coÌpelled theÌ that would not and with threatnings to spoyle and burne theyr houses gathered all the people Then Caesar with a fewe of his fréends and garde came to them to excuse themselues but they threw stones and droue him away which when Antonie heard he came to help him To him comming the holy way the people did nothing bycause he was willing to agrée with Pompey but prayde him to departe which when he would not do they threw stones at him Then he brought in his soldiours that were with out the walles not about him into the citie being diuided into market places and streates wounded set vpon the multitude killed theÌ in the streates as they came And they could not easily flée for the multitude nor breake through by runnyng so that many were hurte and killed crying and yellyng from their houses So Antonie hadde muche ado to escape and Caesar by him was euidently preserued and got away Thus did Antonie delyuer Caesar from present perill The bodies of the commons that were killed were caste into the riuer to auoyde the griefe of the sight which came not so to passe for the Soldiours fished for them as the streame carried them and tooke from them their apparell whiche grieued the beholders Thus this euill ended with enuie of the Princes and yet no remedie for the lacke of things whereat the people grutched and suffered Antonie wished Libo hys fréendes to call him out of Sicelie to congratulate for the alliance made and he would procure greater matter and saue him harmelesse They wrote letters to Libo and Pompey was content he should goe And when he was come to the I le called Pithecusa and now Aenaria the people assembled again and praied Caesar
to send him letters of safecoÌduât to come to treat of peace which he did although against his wil. The people also coÌpelled Mutia mother to Pompey to go vnto him threatning els to burne hir help to make peace When Libo perceyued how the enimies were inclined he desired to speake with the Captaines that they might togither agrée in the couenants the which the people coÌpelled theÌ with much a do so Antonie Caesar went to Baia. All other persuaded Pompey earnestly to peace only Menodorus wrote froÌ Sardinia that he should make open warre or dryue off whyles the dearth continued that hée might make peace with the better coÌditions had him take héede of Murcus who was a mouer for peace as one that sought to be in his authoritie Wherefore Pompey put away Murcus and vsed his counsell no more whome before hée honoured for his worthinesse and wisedome whereat Murcus tooke displeasure and wente to Siracuse and to suche as were sent after him to kéepe him spake openly agaynst Pompey wherewith he beyng angrie killed diuerse of the beste aboute Murcús and sent to kill him and to say that his slaues had done it whiche beyng done he hanged certayne of Murcus slaues as though they had done it The whiche craft was not hid nor the wickednesse that he did against Bythinius a noble man and a valiant warriour and constant to him from the beginnyng his friende in Spaine from whence he came willingly to serue him in Sicelie When he was dead other men tooke in hand to persuade him to peace accused Menodorus as desicous of his office by sea not so much caring for his master as for his owne power PoÌpey folowyng their couÌsell sayled to Aenaria with many chosen ships himself being in a gorgious galley with sixe ores on a seaâe so did passe Dicearchia proudly towarde the euening the enimies loking vpon him The next morning stakes were set in the sea bridges made into one of y which ioyning to the laÌd Caesar came with Antonie ⪠Pompey and Libo entred the other bridge in such distance y one could not heare an other vnlesse they spake alowd Pompey required societie of rule in place of Lepidus They onely grauÌted his return to his countrie then al was dashed Till ofteÌ messages wer seÌt betwéen offring diuerse coÌditioÌs on both sides Pompey required that such condemned men as were with him for Caesars death might be safe in exile that the other men of honour proscribed might be restored to their countrey and goodes The dearth continuing the people vrgyng peace it was graunted that they should recouer the fourth part of their goodes as redéeming it of the new possessioners and wrote of it to the coÌdemned men thinkyng they would accept it which tooke the offer beyng now afrayde of Pompey for his wickednesse committed agaynst Murcus to whom they went moued him to agrée He tore his cloke as betrayed of them whom he had defended and oft called for Menodorus as one expert in matters of slate and onely constant in faith At length by the exhortatioÌ of Murcia his mother Iulia his wife they thrée met agayne vpon an old péere of the sea beyng wel garded where they coÌcluded with these coÌditions That peace shoulde be bothe by sea and lande and the Merchantes haue frée course That Pompey should take his garrisons out of Italie receiue no more fugitiues nor kéepe no nauies in Italie That he should rule in Cicelie Cersica and Sardinia and those other I landes that now he had so long as the rule should be continued to Antonie and Caesar That he should send to the people of Rome the corne that now was due That he should also rule Pelopenesus besides the former Iles. That he should exercise the office of Consul in his absence by his fréende and be admitted to the colledge of the Bishops That the noble meÌ that were banished might returne home except them that were condemned by publique iudgement of Caesars death That they that were fled for feare should be restored to their goodes And they that were coÌdemned only to the fourth parte That the slaues that had serued vnder Pompey shoulde be frée That the frée men shoulde haue the same stipendes that the old Soldiours of Antonie and Caesar had These were the conditions of peace whiche beyng written were sent to Rome to be kept of the holy Virgins Then they desired the one to banquet the other and the lotte fell first to Pompey who receiued them in his greate gally ioyned to the péere The next day Caesar and Antony feasted hym in their Tentes pitched on that péere that euery man might eate on the shore but peraduenture for their more safetie for the Shippes were at hand the gard in order and the guestes with their weapons vnder their clokes It is sayd that Menodorus when they banqueted in Pompeys Shippe sente one to Pompey to put him in remembrance that nowe was the time to reuenge his father and brothers death for he would sée that none should scape the Shippe and that he aunswered as became him then for his person and place Menodorus might haue done it without me it agréeth with Menodorus to be periured false but so may not Pompey In that supper Pompeys daughter wife to Libo was espoused to Marcellus Antonyes nephew sonne to Caesars sister The next day the Consuls were appoynted for foure yeares first Antony and Libo and that Antony mighte make a substitute next Caesar and Pompey then Aenobarbus and Sosius lastly Caesar and Antony thrice Consuls and as it was hoped to restore to the people the gouernement of the common wealth These things being concluded they departed Pompey with his Shippes to Sicelie and they by land to Rome At the newes of this peace the Citie and all Italy made great ioy by the which ciuill warre continuall musters insolencie of garrisons running away of slaues wasting of Countreys decay of tillage and aboue all most greate famine was taken away therefore sacrifices were made by the way to the Princes as to preseruers of the Countrey The Citie had receyued them with a goodly triumph hadde not they entred by nighte bycause they would not charge the Citizens Onely they were not partakers of the common ioy that had the possession of the banished mens goodes who should returne by the league and be their heauie enimies The banished men a fewe except that went againe with Pompey tooke leaue of him at Puzzolo and wente to the Citie where a new ioy was ãâ¦ã de for the returne of so many noble men TheÌ Caesar went t ãâ¦ã ifye France and Antonie to make war on y Parthians And y Senate hauing approued his actes as wel past as to come he sent his Captaynes abroade did what he would He appoynted also certaine kings only such as should pay a
brother when he was toward mane estate Which two being taken away he lay close a great whye and vexed Spayne wyth priuie robberies tyll he hadde good rescet to him and then he professed hymselfe to he Pompeys sonne aââ made open rodes and when Iulius Caesar was slayne he moued playne warre béeyng ayded wyth greate multitudes and forces of the suddayne gayning Shippes and publike treasure He âppressed Italy wyth famine and broughte hys enimies to what conditions he woulde and that most is when the wicked condemnation was executed in Rome he saued manye of the noble men that enioyed theyr Countrey by his benefyte but Fortune not fauouring hym he woulde neuer take the aduantage of hys enimie neglecting manye occasions he would lye still Thys was he that now is in bondage Titius commaunded hys army to sweare to Antony and put hym to death at Mileto when he hadde lyued to the age of fortye yeares eyther for that he remembred late displeasure and forgot olde good rurnes or for that he had such commaundemente of Antony There bée that saye that Plancus and not Antony dyd commaunde hym to dye whyche héeyng president of Syria had Antonyes signet and in greate causes wrote letters in hys name Some thynke it was done wyth Antonyes knowledge he fearyng the name of Pompey or for Cleopatra who fauoured Pompey the great Some thynke that Plancus dyd it of hymselfe for these causes and also that Pompey shoulde gyue no cause of dissention betwéene Caesar and Antony or for that Cleopatra woulde turne hyâauour to Pompey When hée was dispatched Antony tooke hys iourney into Armenia and Caesar agaynste the Slauonians continuall enimyes of the Romanes neuer obeying the Romane Empire but reâoltyng in euery ciuill warre And bycause the warres of Illyria are not thoroughly knowen vnto me nor sufficient to make a iust volume and can not âe declared commodiously otherwise I hâue thought it good to referre them to the time that theâ were subiect to the Romances and making a compendious Treatise of them to ioyne thââ with the affayres of ãâã FINIS Faultes escaped in the printing of the fiue Bookes of ciuill vvarres of Rome Pag. Line Faulte Correction 1 1â shoulde shall â 35 Liâbia Libya 4 1 duke of Loma gulfe of Ionia 4 vlt. Colligant Colligauit â 20 of that of them that 13 2 Paperius Papirius 16 33 pastime pasture 25 25 Hirsians Hirpinianâ 29 17 Falerno Ealerno 32 16 Canue Canne â8 2â Cithegus Cethegus â0 17 meanes malice 54 14 warres wayes 69 vlt. Garinus Garganus 70 8 birdes burdens 73 20 Cateline Catilina â3 35 that Milo Milo that 85 26. 28. 29. Ptotolomie Ptolomie 95 3 Dirrachium Dyrrachium 97 2 Sypris Sycoris ââ2 â4 mnalyâ manly â05 1 Baron barne 106 â31 seyning seeming â07 34 os .viij. C. sauing 800 ⪠ââ0 1 Veâona Velona 114 7 slingers slingers 110 ââ any 120. onely 120. 115 2 fourtie 40â 115 27 so soe 126 9 Methridates Mithridates â40 â7 came comming â61 2 4â 400. ibid. 5 horse hoââe ibid. ââ ãâã Tuârciââ ¶ A CONTINVATION of Appian of Alexandrîa Wherein is declared the last acte of the wofull Tragedie of the Romaines bloudie Dissentions in the whiche Marcus Antonius was ouerthrown by sea at Actio and by land at Alexandrîa Where both he and Cleopatra killed themselues after the which Octauius Caesar was the only Monarch of all the Romane Empire alone In this we be taught That Gods vengeance is sharp although it be âââvv and that peoples rule must gâââ place and princely povver preuayle AT LONDON Imprinted by Raulfe Newberry and Henry Bynniman Anno 1578. ¶ TO THE RIGHT HONOrable his singular good Mayster Sir Christopher Hatton Knight Capitaine of the Queenes Maiesties Garde Vicechamberlaine to hir Highnesse and one of hir Maiesties most honourable priuie Counsayle AS the losse of old possessioÌs is a griefe to the landed men eueÌ so the decay of auÌtient bokes is a smart to the learned sort Titus Liuius father of the Romane historie whom to see repaire was made of Gentlemen froÌ farre places vvhiles he liued hath not escaped the iniurie of time but bin left vnperfitte to the great sorovv of posteritie after he dyed Cornelius Tacitus that folowed him both in matter and age could not auoyde that iniquitie althoughe the Emperor Tacitus commaunded his bokes to be written ten times euery yeare This Authour Appianus Alexandrinus hath had the like lucke for al the estimation he vvas in the halfe of his labour being lost and the last part of the vvhole ciuill tumult not now to be had froÌ him but briefly supplyed otherwise that the end of the Romanes wo the beginning of our ioy might be declared the one successiuely folovving of the other The vvhich it may please your honour to accept according to your accustomed goodnesse beseeching the liuing Lord long to preserue the same Your Honours humble seruaunt H. B. A Continuation of Appian of Alexandrîa till the ouerthrow of M. Antonius vvhiche vvas the laste ciuill dissention after the whiche Octauius Caesar had the rule of all the Romane Empire alone AFter that Octauius Caesar and M. Antonius had agréed with Sextus the yonger sonne of Pompey ⪠the great ⪠it was determined that Antonius shold make warre vpon the Parthians to reuenge the death of Crassus Wherefore presently he sent Ventidius to represse the Parthians and he to gratifie Octauius was content to marie his sister and to be made the holy minister of Iulius Caesar that was dead he remayning in Rome ruling by common consent with Octauius Caesar as well the matters of the Cittie as of the whole Empire And as it befalleth betwéene such Princes to make pastimes in play and matches Antonie alwayes had the worse at the whiche he was somewhat moued He had in his company an Aegiptian after the maner of a Soothsayer who eyther to please Cleopatra or to shew the very truth tolde Antonie then that hys fortune was obseured by the fortune of Octauius Therefore hée aduised him to go furder off For sayth he wheÌ thou art abrode thy nature is noble and coragious but when thou art with him it is deiect and afrayde of his Antonie whether by this motion or his owne inclination was content to leaue all there to Octauius and to go towarde his olde loue of Aegipt yet carying his new wife with him into Graecia pretending an earnest desire to reuenge the iniurie that was done to Crassus which was after this sorte Crassus Pompey and Caesar were all suters for the Consulship in Rome agaynst them stoode Cicero and Cato Crassus and Pompey were chosen and they continued Caesars authoritie in France for fiue yeares longer which he only desired In castyng lottes for the prouinces Spayne fell to Pompey whereof he was glad beyng giuen to please his wife and the people was gladde beyng desirous to haue Pompey nigh the Citie Syria fell to Crassus whereof he was
onely gladde and all other sory For they perceyued hée was wholy giuen to spoyle the countrie of Parthia whiche was not comprehended in the law of the prouinces Wherfore Atteius the Tribune of the people forbad Crassus to inuade Parthia but he being animated by Caesars letters out of Fraunce and by Pempeys presence in Rome wente forwarde notwithstandyng that the Tribune at the gate of the Citie did stande by with fire and Sacrifice coniuryng him in the name of moste straunge and searefull Goddes not to procéede the which kinde of execration the Romanes thinke to be moste horrible bothe to him that doth pronounce them to him against whom they be pronounced when Crassus had pasion the seas and lost many of his shippes sayling before due time and after he had gotten some cities by accorde and wonne one by force he woulde néedes be called Imperator for the which he was mocked bicause that name was not giuen to any by the Romanes before he had in a plaine batayle ouerthrowne .x. M. and spending one winter like a rent gatherer without any exercise of his soldiours in spoyling a Temple at Hierapoli in the entry of the which he his sonne fell one vpon an other being offred help of the king of Armenia if he would make his iourney thorough his countrie which was the better way he refused it went rashly through Mesopotamia And at the passage ouer a bridge which he had ⪠made it thundred lightned in his face blew downe a parte of the bridge and after he was come ouer his campe was twice set a fyre by lightning These many other tokens might haue moued him but he went forth till both he his sonne and .xx. M. Romanes were slaine .x. M. taken and al the despite done to them that could be deuised Vpon this occasioÌ did Antonie leade his army against y Parthians by his LeiftenaÌt Ventidius gaue them a great ouerthrow whiles he was at Athens Wherfore he made great feastings among the Graecians and being ready to go forth he ware a garland of holy Oliue to fulfill an oracle caried with him a vessel of water In the meane time Ventidius gaue an other ouerthrow in y whiche Pacorus y kings sonne was slaine the which although it seemed a sufficieÌt reuenge for Crassus death yet he gaue theÌ the thirde euerthrow betwéene Media Mesopotamia Then Ventidius thought it good to stay least Antonie should enuie him And when he had subdued them y reuolted he besieged CoÌmagenus Antiochus in Samosatis who promised to giue a thousand talents obey Antony Vnto whom Ventidius willed him to send his Embassadours bicause he was at hand which being done he would not recerue y offer that it shoulde not séeme that Ventidius hath done all But when the citie stoode at defence and would not yéelde he was sorie he had refused the condition was content to take thrée hundreth talents go his way agayne to Athens hauing done litle or nothing in Syria He rewarded Ventidius very well sent him to Rome to triuÌph only he had triuÌph of the Parthians a man of base bloud auaÌced by Antonie who coÌfirmed y saying of Caesar Antonie y they did better preuayle by their Lieftenants than by themselues Now was Orodes the king of Parthia killed by his sonne Phraââeâ ⪠froÌ whom many fled away amoÌg other Moneses a noble maÌ came to Antonie who coÌparyng his miserie to Themistocles his owne felicitie to y kyngs of Persia gaue him thrée cities eueÌ as Xerxes gaue .lij. cities to Themistocles for his bread drynke and meate and as some say twoo more for his loâgyng and apparell And when the kyng sent for Moneses to be restored Antonie was content with it and offered hym peace so hée would âânder the Ensignes and the captiues that were taken at the losse of Crassus Then he tooke his iourney by Arabia and Armenia where he increased his army by the consederate kyngs wherof y greatest was y king of Armenia who lent him 6000. horse 7000 ⪠footemeÌ he mustred his army had of Romane footemeÌ lâ M. of Spanish French Romane horsmeÌ x M ⪠of other natioÌs of horse footemeÌ .xxx. M. And this great power y ⪠did cast a terror euen to the Indians only the vaine loue of Cleopatra brought to none effect For the desire he had to come againe into hir companie made him do al things out of time and order He had lefte his laste wife Octauia with hyr children and the chyldren hée had by his first wyfe Fuluia with Octauius Caesar And beyng now in the Easte partes was wholy gyuen to the wanton desire of Cleopatra to whome hée gaue the prouinces of Cypres Caelosyria Phaenitia and a parte of Cilicia and Iurie wherewith he Romanes were muche gréeued and also with his crueltie to Antigonus kyng of Iurie and with his vanitie in the chyldren hée had by Cleopatra callyng the one Alexander the Sunne and the other Cleopatra the Moone Yet was Cleopatra not the fayrest woman in the worlde but very wittie and sull of artificiall deuises and had the caste to beguyle Antonie who was easie to be ledde For haste hée woulde not suffer hys armie to reste after so long a iourney for haste hée lefte his engines behinde him whereof one was called a Ramme of foure score foote long for haste hée lefte Media passyng by the lefte hande of Armenia into Atropatia whiche hée spoyled Then hée besieged the great Citie of Phraata where hée founde hys errour in leauyng hys artillerie behinde Therefore to cause hys men to do somewhat he made them caste vp mountes In the meane tune the king ãâã forth with a mighty army and hearing that the artillerie was left behind he sent a great parte of his horse men which slew Tatianus and ten thousand that were left for the custody of the Engines tooke and spilled the munitioÌ The which did much discourage his Soldiours caused that the kyng of Armenia for soke him for whose cause he made the warre The Parthians were very bragge vpon the Romanes wherefore Antonie tooke ten legions and all his horsemen to range the countrie thereby to prouoke the enimie to fight WheÌ he had gone one dayes iourney he saw the enimies round aboute him therefore in his campe he determined to fight yet would not so séeme but raysed his campe as to goe away commaundyng that when the foote men were at hande the horsemenne shoulde sette vppon the enimie whiche stoode in a triangle battayle to beholde the Romanes good order shakyng their dartes When the tyme serued the horsemen gaue so fierce an onsette vppon them as they tooke away the vse of theyr shotte notwithstandyng they stucke to it But when the footâ men came with shoute and fearefull shew the Parthian Horsemen were disordered
the yong man gladly and required Prusias to giue the yong man some Cities to dwell in and landes to finde him He aunswered he would shortly giue him all Attalus Kingdome for whose sake he had inuaded Asia before When he had said thus he sente to Rome to accuse Attalus and Nicomedes and to call them into iudgement but Attalus wente with his armie into Bithinia to whome the Bithinians by little and little reuolted Prusias distrusting all men and hoping that the Romanes woulde deliuer hym from this danger obteyned fiue hundred Thracians of Diegelies hys father in lawe and to these onely he committed his body fleeyng into the Castell at Nicaea the Pretor of Rome not bringing Prusias messengers to the Senate spéedily bycause he fauoured Attalus but at last being brought and the Senate commaunding him to choose Embassadors that might ende the warre he chose thrée men of the whiche one had his head stricken with a stone and had an euill fauoured scarre left another had his féete festered with a sore the thyrde was compted an ydiot In so muche as Cato iesting at this Embassage saide it had neyther minde féete nor head The Embassadors went into Bithinia and commanded them to ceasse warre Nicomedes and Attalus dissembling to obey the Senate the Bithinians being set on sayde they coulde not any longer beare the crueltie of Prusias now especially that they were knowen to be against him The Embassadors bycause the Romanes hadde not yet heard of this matter departed doing nothing Prusias despayring of the Romanes in whome he had most trust no help comming by them he went to Nicomedia to get the Citie and to defend himselfe against his enimies but they forsooke him and shutte the gates against him and Nicomedes came with his army and certayne of Nicomedes host being sent of him killed Prusias fléeing to the Temple of Iupiter Thus Nicomedes raigned in Bithinia for Prusias and he in time ending his life hys sonne Nicomedes that was called Philopater ⪠succéeded the Romanes ⪠giuing him his fathers kingdome by decrée of Senate Thus wente the state of Bithinia and if we will learne all the nephewe of this another Nicomedes leste the Romanes hys heire by testament Who ruled Cappadocia before the Macedonians I can not well tell whether they were vnder a King of their owne or vnder Darius It should séeme that Alexander left these nations tributarie to the rulers when he went against Darius and so it semeth that Amisus a Citie of the Athenian kind did bring in the peoples rule according to the Countreys manner And it is sayde of Hieronimus that he did not subdue all these Cities but by the coast of Pamphilia and Cilitia turne another way againste Darius Perdiccas that succéeded Alexander in Macedonia did put to death Ariarathe ruler of Cappadocia eyther for that he reuolted or woulde haue made it for the Macedonians and appoynted for these nations Eumenes of Cardia When Eumenes was destroyed being iudged an enimie to the Macedonians Antipater that after Perdiccas ruled the Countries that Alexander had gotten sente Nicanor to rule Cappadocia And the Macedonians not long after béeyng at ciuill debate Antigonus gote Syria and expuised Laomedonta Mithridates béeyng hys familiar and of the bloud royall of Persia Antigonus dreamed that he did sowe the grounde wyth golde and that Mithridates dyd carrie the golde to Pontus when it was reaped wherefore hée tooke hym and woulde haue kylled hym but he fledde wyth syre Horse and fenced a place in Cappadocia many reuolting to hym In thys tumulte of Macedonie by little and little he gotte Cappadocia and the Nations confynes to Pontus and greately enlarging hys Realme hée lefte it to hys Chyldren They raigned one after another tyll the sirth after the fyrste Mithridates whiche made warre with the Romanes Of this stocke the Kynges of Cappadocia and Pontus conuning I thynke it to bée knowen who diuided the Kingdome some reigning in Cappadocia and some in Pontus Thys Mithridates was first a friend to the Romanes and sente Shyppes and some little helpe agaynste the Carthaginiens that was called Euergetes whyche ouerranne Cappadocia as a straunger And Mithridates hys some succéeded who was named Dionisius and Eupater The Romanes commaunded hym to gyue place in the Kingdome of Cappadocia and to Ariobarzanes that sought to them and thought himselfe to be nygher to that Kingdome than Mithridates or else bycause they suspected the Kyngdome of Mithridates growyng so greate and vnder the hande woulde diuide it into more partes and hée suffered it but agaynste Nicomedes that was of Nicomedes Prusia hys sonne and by the Romanes appoynted to reigne as in his fathers kingdome he sent Socrates brother to Nicomedes that was called Chrestus with an armie Socrates toke the kingdome of Bythinia to himself At this time Mithrias and Bagoas expuising Ariobarzanes whom the Romanes had set in the kingdome of Cappadocia put Ariarathes into it The Romanes did restore bothe Nicomedes and Ariobarzanes into their proper kyngdomes sendyng certaine Embassadours for that purpose whereof Manius Acilius was chiefe and commaunded Lucius Cassius that had a litle armie in Pergamo in Asia to helpe to it and also Mithridates Eupator But hée beyng offended with the Romanes for Cappadocia and by them beyng put from Phrygia as wée haue shewed in the Gréeke matters did not helpe Cassius and Manius with that armie they had and gatheryng a greater of the Galatians and Phrygians sent Nicomedes into Bithynia and Ariobarzanes into Cappadocia and persuaded them bothe beyng neyghboures to Mithridates to molest hys countrey and prouoke hym to warre and the Romanes woulde be their mayntayners in it But bothe they alyke affected durst not prouoke Mithridates fearyng hys mighty power But the Ambassadours ârgyng them Nicomedes that had promised to gyue the Embassadours muche money for hys restitution and to the Souldiours which yet hée ought and beyng in debte further to the Romanes for money lente hym for hys other matters vnwillyngly hée inuaded Mithridates lande spoyled as farre as the Citie Amastris none resistyng hym or méetyng with hym For albeit Mithridates had hys armie ready yet hée refrayned to haue the more and iuster cause of warre When Nicomedes was returned home with a great pray Mithridates sente Pelopida to the Romane Capitaynes and Embassadours not ignorant that they were his enimies and causes of this inuasion yet he dissembled sought more manifest causes of the warre to come Pelopida told them that Phrygia was taken froÌ them and Cappadocia that had alwaies bene his auncestours and left him of his father Phrygia was giuen him of your general as a rewarde for the victorie gotten of Aristonico neuerthelesse redéemed of the same generall with a great summe of money Nowe you sée sayde he that Nicomedes shutteth the mouth of Pontus and spoyleth his land as farre as Amastris and carried away so great a bootie as your
gathered togither all theÌ y he had in suspitioÌ before the warre did waâe sharper First he killed the gouernours of the Galatians which were with him as frendes not yet subiect to him with their wifes chyldren except thrée that fled To some he layd traynes some he killed in a night at a banquet thinking none woulde kéepe their fayth if Sylla came confiscating their goodes he made Eumachus presideÌt of that nation The rulers that escaped gatheryng an army of their tenaunts of the countrey droue him his garrisons out of Galatia so as Mithridates had nothing of that nation but money only And being angry with the Chians euersince their ship crushed the kings shippe in the battaile at the Rhodes he came secretely vpon them first leased vpoÌ their goodes that were fled to Sylla Then he sent to inquire of them that tooke the Romanes parte in Chio. And Zenobus that ledde the third army as though he would haue hasted into Gretia came to the walles of Chio other naked places by night tooke them and setting a garde at the gate proclaymed that strangers should not stirre assembled the Chians as to say somwhat to them from the king WheÌ he was come he sayde the king had the citie in suspition bycause they fauoured the Romanes Your ease must be to deliuer your armure your best children for pledges They seing theyr citie already taken deliuered both The which Zenobus sente by by to Erythea commaunding the Chians to tarrie for the kings letters Mithridates letter came to this effect You be yet frends to the Romanes with whom many of your Citizens be you enioy the Fermes that they haue let you for the which you pay nothing to vs Further a Galley of yours at the fight at Rhodes did shake and crushe my shippes which fault I would put onely vpon the guyders of the ship if you could be recouered by loue But secretly you haue now sent your chief men to Sylla you haue accused none of theÌ as doyng it without coÌmon consent nor you haue punished any of them as not priuie to their doyngs and whereas I might punish you by death beyng so counsayled by my friends as séekers of my life and traytours to my kingdome I punish you in two thousand talents This was the tenor of the letter They would haue sent Embassadours to him but Zenobius woulde not suffer them And when their armure was gone their chiefe children taken away so great an army of Barbarians at haÌd with heauy hearts they tooke the treasure out of the temples their wiues Jewels that they might make the .ij. M. talents WheÌ they had done this Zenobius finding fault with the wayght he called theÌ al into the Theatre setting his soldiours about the Theatre with their weapons drawne the waies downe to the sea side he called theÌ out seuerally put them in the ships the men by theÌselues the womeÌ likewise the children by theÌselues barbarously scoffing at theÌ Thus being spoyled of their countrey they were sent into Pontus Euxinus to Mithridates After this sort were y Chians vsed The Ephesians required Zenobius that was come to theÌ to leane his army at the gate to come in with a few He did so and went to Philopaemena father to Monime whoÌ Mithridates loued had made ouerâeeâ of the Ephesians willed the Ephesians by proclamatioÌ to come togither in their assembly They lokyng for no good at his haÌds deferred it till the next day And in the night gathering togither exhorting one an other they tooke Zenobius killed him in pryson They fenced their walles they put their people in order they gathered in their corne kept all the Citie by strength The Trallians Papenians and Mesopolitans and some other afrayed by the calamitie of Chio did as the EphesiaÌs had done Mithridates sent his army against them that reuolted and vsed them cruelly whom he tooke and fearyng the rest he made the cities of Greece frée He proclaymed forgiuenesse of debtes and the fermours he made Citizens the bondmen frée hoping as it was in déede that the released of debt the new made citizens fréemen would be sure vnto hym thinkyng these things could not be sure vnto them but by Mithridates rule In the meane season Mynio and Philotimus of Smyrna and Clisthenes and Asclepiodotus Lesbians al fréendes to the king and Asclepiodotus sometime captayne of the straungers did make a conspiracie against Mithridates Of the which Asclepiodotus was the bewraier for the more credite he brought to passe that the kyng vnder a bedde hearde what Mynio sayde The coÌspiracie being bewrayed they were cruelly killed The like suspition was vpon many moe The Pergameneans doyng the like foure score of them were takeÌ and other in other cities Mithridates sending searchers to euery place who finding out his enimies killed a thousaÌd sixe hundred men the accusers of the which not loÌg after were soone punished of Sylla some killed themself some fled to Mithridates into Pontus Now had Mithridates gathered an army of .lxxx. M. the which Dorilus did leade into Grecia to Archelous that had .x. M. left Syllas had his army nigh to Archelous at Orchomeno when he saw so great a nuÌber of horsemen he digged many pittes in the plaine x. foote broade And had his army in order to receyue Archelaus And when the Romanes did fayntly come to y fight for the multitude of horsemeÌ he rode about exhorted them beside threatned theÌ But wheÌ he could not so bring them to the matter he lept of his horse and tooke the Ensigne ranne to the enimies with his garde crying If any man aske you O Romanes where you betrayed your generall Sylla say when he fought at Orchomeno The Capitaines ranne froÌ their bandes to hym beyng in this daunger Then the multitude beyng ashamed chaunged their feare into courage And when the victory began to appeare he mounted on horse agayne and rode about the host praysing them and in euery place exhorting them till he had brought it to end There dyed of the enimes aboute fiftéene thousande whereof the most part were horsemen among them Diogenes that was Archelous son The footemen fledde to the Campe and Sylla fearing least Archelous woulde flée againe to Thalcida he hauing no Shippes all that night he set watches in y playne and in the day not fully a furlong froÌ Archelous he cast a trench he not comming forth exhorted earnestly his army to finish the rest of al this battel seing their enimies durst not come out and brought them to the treÌch of Archelous The like mutation was among the enimies for necessitie the Captaynes running aboute shewing the presente daunger and rebuking them if they woulde not defende theyr Camp against their enimies that were fewer than they Force and
a fewe dayes was a King ouer the seruantes in Sicelie that rebelled By the which Fimbria despayring of all came to the wall and desyred to speake wyth Sylla He sente Rutilius in his place that chiefly gréeued Fimbria that he would not speake with him which is not denyed to enimies and desired pardon if he hadde offended being yet a yong man Rutilius sayd Sylla would let him goe quietly to the Sea if he would giue place in Asia in the which Sylla was Lieutenant He sayde he would find a better way and went to Pergamo and in the Temple of Aesculapius kylled hymselfe and the wounde not béeyng sufficiente he badde hys Pâge dispatche who kylled hys Maister fyrste and then himselfe Thus ended Fimbrias doing muche mischiefe in Asia after Mithridates whome Sylla gaue to his freemade meÌ to bury saying he woulde not follow Cinna and Marius in Rome who kylled many men and woulde not suffer them to be buried receyuing Fimbrias armye that came vnto hym and sette them with hys owne and commaunded Curio to restore Nicomedes and Ariobarzanes into Cappadocia and wrote to the Senate of all thyngs not seemyng he was declared a Rebell Then setling his prouince he recompenced the Ilians the Chians the Lycians the Rhodians and the Magnesians and others that were confederates or that for their good will had suffered for the whiche cause hee dismissed them frée and registred them friendes of the Romanes To the rest he sent his army and proclaymed that all seruantes that hadde freedome by Mithridates shoulde be restored to theyr maisters Whereof manye disobeying and some Cities rebelling there followed great slaughters of frée and bond for diuers occasions the walles of many were pulled downe and made seruile people very many They that were of the Cappadocians faction both men Cities were sharply punished and chiefly the Ephesians which did impudently reuile the Romanes coÌmandemeÌts After this was there a proclamation made that the chiefe of euery Citie should come before Sylla at Ephesus who being come into the common hall he thus sayd vnto them We first came into Asia with our army when Antiochuâ king of Syria did ouerrunne you and driuing him away and makyng Aly and Taurus the limits of his Kingdome we toke not from you that was made ours by him but lefte it frée excepte some which we gaue to Eumenes and the Rhodes our confederates not to be tributaries but tenants In proofe whereof we toke the Licians from the Rhodians making their complaynt Thus did wée for you And you did help Aristonicus four yeares against vs after ⪠Attalus Philomêter had left his kingdome to vs by testament till Aristonicus was taken and many of you came againe for necessitie and feare Thus doyng and in foure and twenty yeares comming to great riches and substance as well publike as priuate thorough peace and abundance you wrangle agayne and wayting our trouble in Italie some of you brought in Mithridates and some receyued him when he came He the moste cruell of all men in one day killed all the Italians with the chyldren and mothers And you did not spare them that fledde into the temples to your Goddes For the whiche some punishment you haue had by Mithridates beyng vnfaythfull to you and ââllyng you with murders and banishments makyng diuisions of your landes and releasing of debtes and libertie of slaues and to some putting tyrannes and causing many robberies both by sea and land that by your experience you may know by comparison what gouernour you haue receyued what reiected The beginners of these things haue bene partly punished by vs but the payne must be publique to you that haue done the lyke that it may be correspondent to that you haue done But the Romanes will not vse wicked murders or sudden confiscations or risings of seruants or other barbarous things which the minde abhorreth Regarde shal be had to the nation and name of Greece and to the glorie of Asia to the fréendes of the Romanes for honours sake Wée put vpon you the tribute of fiue yeares onely to be brought presently and the expences of the warre which I haue bestowed For the rest I will take order and make the diuision accordyng to the Cities I declare frendship to them that shall kéepe these orders and to them that will not I appoynt punishment as to enimies When Sylla had sayde thus he diuided the payne to the Embassadours and sente them for mony The Cities beyng poore oppressed with debte some did let to Ferme their Theatres to creditours some their common houses their wals and portes and any other thing that was publique not without despite of the Souldiours that gathered it This money was brought to Sylla and Asia had inough of euils for it was full of manifest robberies rather like to armies thaÌ to pirates For Mithridates not long before had set theÌ in the sea when he wasted al things as not long to kéepe it then beyng moste aboundant not onely troubling men on the sea but spoyling portes townes and cities euidentlye Iassus Samos Clazomene and Samothracia Sylla being there were taken and the Temple of Samothracia was robbed of the value of a thousand Talents He eyther willingly or leauing to punishe the offendoures or bycause of the sedition at Rome wente into Grecia and from thence to Italy with all his army what he did we haue writteÌ in y bookes of Ciuil dissentioÌ The second warre with Mithridates beganne of this occasion Murena being lâââe of Sylla with two legions that were Fimbrias shewed certayne formes of warre for desire of Triumph Mithridates being gone to Pontus made warre vpon the Colchians and BosphoriaÌâ The Colchians desired his sonne Mithridates might be giuen them for King whome when they had receyued they obeyed forthwith But the king hauing his sonne in suspitioÌ that he coueted the whole kingdome sent for him and held him with cheynes of gold after killed him when he had done him muche good seruice in Asia against Fimbria Against the Bosphorians hée gathered a gret army and made a great nauie The mightinesse of the whiche preparation raysed an opinion that it was not against the Bosphorians but against the Romanes for he had not restored all Cappadocia to Ariobarzanes but kepte parte of it styll and had Archelous in suspition that he granted more in Grecia than he néeded to Sylla in making the peace the which Archelous perceyuing and fearing fledde to Murena whome he incensed and persuaded againste Mithridates Murena by and by entered through Cappadocia to Comana the greatest Citie vnder Mithridates hauing an holy temple and treasure and killed certaine horsemeÌ of Mithridates and when the Embassadors alleaged y leage he answered he had none such for Sylla did not wright it but confirmed it by word and so left it WheÌ Murena had sard thys hée fell to spoyle by and by not refrayning
he killed they being much gréeued at it Being conueyed by shippe he fledde to Pontus and gathering some Sâythians and Sauromatians tooke Theudocia and Panticapaea His old aduersarie Asandro comming againe vpon him and his horsemen wantyng horse and not vsed to fight on foote they were ouercome Pharnâces alone fighting valiauntlye till hée was wounded and died when he was fiftye yeares olde and xâ yeares king of Bosphorus This Pharnaces loste his kingdome whiche C. Caesar gaue to Mithridates of Pergamo that had holpen hym well in Aegipt Nowe they be frée but to Pontus and Bythinia a president is sent euery yeare The other coutries that Pompey had giuen although Caesar blamed them for taking Pompeys parte against him yet he let them haue it sauing the spiritual office of Comagene which he translated from Archelous to Nicomedes but not long after bothe these and those that C. Caesar and M. Antonius gaue to other wer made prouinces of the Romaynes by Augustus Caesar when he hadde wâââe Aegipt the Romaines taking lighte occasions againste euery man Therfore their dominion encreasyng by thys warre of Mithridates into Pontus Euxinus and to the sandes of Aegipt and the floude Euphrates from the Hiberians that be at the pillers of Hercules it maye wel be called a greate Victorie and Pompey the Captaine euen so They haue also Affrica to Sirene which Appion the king of the house of Lagida being base gaue them by his Testament only Aegipt was left for the compasse of their inwarde sea ⸪ The ende of the Romaine ciuill vvarres vvith King Mithridates ¶ The Romanes warre with the Spanyardes by Appian of Alexandria THe mountaynes of Pyrene stretche from âhe Toscâne sea to the North Ocean The Celtes which now be called Galles do inhabit part of them toward the East The Iberians and Celtiberians from the Toscane Sea also to the pilloures of Hercules and the North Ocean be towarde the Weast so as Iberia is compassed with the Sea except the mouÌtaines of Pyrene which be the greatest and highest hilles of Europe The nations make a nauigation with this compasse and come to the pillers of Hercules They doe not go by the winter and Weast Ocean but to passe into Brittayne whyche they doe by the commoditie of the tydes going and comming and this passage is made by sayling halfe a day Other places of this Ocean neyther the Romanes themselues nor none of their Empire haue passed Therefore the greatnesse of Iberia which now is called Spayne being confedered as one prouince is almost incredible for the breaâth of it is terme thousand furlongs and the length as muche Manye nations inhabite it and be diuers in names and there be many nauigable flouds in it What people did inhabite first or who got it after and suche other matter I am not minded to shew but only so much as may apperteyne to the Romanes Only this I will saye that I suppose the Celtes passed the Pyrenian hilles aud dwelled among the other inhabitants of the Countrey of the whiche it is manifest that the name of the Celtiberians came and the Phoenitians long before sayling often thither I thinke did inhabite a part of it Likewise other Grecians that sayled to Tartessus to Arganthonius king of the same did stay in Iberia for as I suppose Arganthonius reigned then in Spayne at Tartessus whiche was then a Citie at the Sea coast that is nowe named Carptesse And I beléeue that the Temple of Hercules was builded of Iphenia in that place which is called the pillers in the whiche at this day Ceremonies be vsed after the manner of the Phoeniâians and he that was borne at Tirus not he that was borne at Thebes was counted the God of that Countrey But we leaue this to them that haue care to search antiquities This coast so plentifull and rich the Carthagies deuised to get before the Romanes and subdued one parte and vexed the other with continuall inuasions till the Romanes put the out possessed al their places Other townes after ward came to their Empire by muche labour and long time whiche reuolting diuers times were againe suââued by the Romanes who diuided that region into thrée parts and sent to many presidents to it Now they got euery place and what warre they kepte with the Carthagies and then with the Iberians and Celtiberians I will shew in this volume The Romanes firste made warre with the Carthagies but bycause that warre was made for Spayne I must nedes shew it in this historie whiche I wright of Spayne and for that cause I haue comprehended in the booke of the warre of Sicelie what âdoe was betwéene the Romanes and Carthagies for that Islande and that was when the Romanes sayled into Sicelie to subdue that place The first warre with the Carthagies was in Sicelie for the dominion of that Island The second was in Spayne for the possession of it at the whiche tyme eyther of them inuaded others lands wyth greate armyes and Nauie The Carthagies destroying Italy and the Romanes Liâya This warre beganne aboute the CâL Olimpiad when the Carthagies had broken the truce that was made in the warre of Sicelie the cause whereof was this Amilchar surnamed Barcha promised great rewards to the Celtes and Libyans that were with him in Sicelie the whiche rewardes being required of Amilchar when he was come to Carthage was the cause of the warre with Affrike in the whiche the Carthagies suffered muche hurte for they delyuered Sardinia to the Romanes for the iniurie they had done to the Romane Merchantes in that warre For these causes when Amilchar Barcha was accused of the contrary faction as by whome came so greate detriment of the Citie he by the fauoure of them that gouerned the common wealthe whereof Hâsdruball called the Greate was one to whome he had giuen his daughter in marriage and well beloued of the people was not only pardoned but also chosen a Captayne togither with Hanno that was called Great against the Numidians the accusation yet depending by the whyche Amilchar muste gyue an accompte of his doyngs in the warre When the warre of Numidia was ended and Hanno called to Caâthage for certayne complayntes Amilchar remayned Captayne of the army alone hauing wyth hym Asdrââaâ hys sonne in lawe And wyth thys armye he sayled to Gâdâs and did molest the Iberians spoyling theyr lande not that they hadde deserued anye such thing but that he soughte occasion to be absente from hys Countrey making that warre to wynne the fauour of the people For deuiding the pray he gaue parte of it to the Souldyoures that were with him and parte hée sente to Carthage and parte he gaue to the chiefe of the Citie that fauoured hym Whilest he dyd thus certayne of the greate men and others of Iberia conspired togither anâ kylled hym thus They sent certayne Cartes laden wyth wodde whyche they followed wyth their armoure At thys the
the help of the Romanes and oppressed of famine and continuallye assaulted of Annibal for he hearing the Cittie was riche and full of golde gaue them no time to rest they commaunded all the golde and siluer both publique and priuate to be broughte into the market and mixed it with lead and yron that it shoulde bée vnprofitable to Annibal And bycause they hadde rather dye by sworde than by hunger at mydnyght when it was most darke they came out and assailed the watch of the Carthagies looking for no such thing and killed many of them whiles some sought and some putte on their armour The sight was long many Carthagies were slaine and all the Saguntinesâ whose decay beyng séene from the wals some of the women leapt from the top of their houses some hanged themselues some killed first their little childreÌ then themselues This was the end of Sagunt which was a great mighty city When Annibal vnderstoode what was cone with y mony he tooke as many of the youth as was left whom he tormented and killeÌd And not thinking it good for a Citie situate at the sea and in a fertile soyle to be vnhabited he made it an inhabitation of Carthage whiche nowe as I thinke they call Carthage Spartâgena The Romaines sent Ambassadours to Carthage whiche shoulde require Annibal as a breaker of league vnlesse they wold confesse it to be done with the common consent except they wold deliuer hym to denounce theÌ war presently They dyd so and where the Carthagies would not deliuer Annibal they gaue the desyaunce and they saide it was done after this sorte The Carthages scorned the Romane Ambassador Hee tooke vppe the ââirt of his gawne and saide In this garment O Carthagies I bring you war and peace chose which you wil. They aunswered giue vs which thou listest he giuing war they cried al with one voice and we receiue it by by they sent to Hannibal to ouerrun al Iberia for the league was broken Wherfore he raunging euerye where got some by flattery some by threats and some by force He gathered many souldioures not shewyng to what purpose he didde it Hys meaning was to goe into Italy to sende Ambassadors to the Galles to search the way of the Alps to carry his army to Rome leaue Asdrubal in Spaine The Romaynes thinking they must make war with the Carthagies in Spaine and Affrica not once suspecting their comming into Italy sente Tiberius so ãâ¦ã into Affrica with one hundred thrèescore and twoo ships and two ãâã What ãâã Longue and other Generalles didde in Labya all is shewen in the booke of the Libyan warres They sente into ãâã ãâã Scipio with thréescore Shyppes and ten thousande sââtemen and seauen hundred horsemen to whome they ioyned for ãâã his brother Câ Cornelius Scipio But one of them that is ãâã when he heard of the Marchants of ãâã that Anniball was comming into Italy and had passed the Alpes being aâraâââ he shoulde haue taken the Italians vnpâcââted he deliuered the army to hys brother and in a Galley sayled into ãâã What he or other Captaynes did that succeeded hym in thys war tyll Anniball was driuen out of Italy after sixteene yeares it is shewed of vs in the booke that followeth wherein also wee shewe all Annibals actes and therefore name the booke by Annibals name Cneus in this warre of the Romanes didde nothing worthy of wrytyng till his brother retourned vnto hym For when hys tyme was expired the Romanes sent the Consulls for hys successors to make the warre againste Anniball and hée was vnderconsull to them and sent againe into Spaine And so the twoo Scipioâ didde make warre agaynste Asdruball in Spaine The Carthagies being prouoked to fight of Syphax kyng of Numidia they called home Asdrubal with part of his armye wherby the Scipios did easily gette the reste of Spaine and mayne Citties yéelded fréely For they were apte to gouerne armyes and also by persuasion to winne Cities to their obedience The Carthagies compounding with Syphax sente Asdruball into Spaine wyth more menne and wyth thyrtye Elephantes adioyning other two Captaines to them that is Mago and Asdrubal Gysgons sonnes After that tyme the Scipios had sharpe warre and yet were superiors of the whiche manye souldiours of the Carthagies and Elephants were consumed till the winter beyng come the Carthagies went to winter at the Turditanes And Pub. Scipio stayed at Caââulone and Cncus at Orsonae To whom when it was shewed that Asdrubal was comming he went out of the Citie wyth a fewe to sée his enimies power but going too far vnaduisedlye he was circumuented of the contrary horsemen and killed and al that were with him Cneus Scipio not knowing the chaunce of hys brother sent hys souldiors to fetche artillerie wyth whom the Affricanes made a fraye Whiche Cneus vnderstanding came foorth in haste with the light harnessed to helpe hys men wherof the former being killed and putte backe Scipio was driuen into a Tower the whiche they sette a fyre and burned hym and hys companye Thus the two Scipios were killed men certainly of great worthinesse greatly loued and lamented of the Spaniards that had committed themselues for their sakes to the Romaine obedience When this was knowen at Rome the Romanes tooke it very grieuously and sent Marcellus which a little before was come out of Sicilie and with him Claudius wyth a nauy and ten thousande footemen two thousand horsemen and mony and victuall sufficient to make warre in Spaine Of the whiche no notable thing being done the Carthagies encreased very much for nowe they had wellnigh gotten all Spaine the Romaynes béeing dryuen into a little streight so as they were caste to the Pyrene hils The whiche when they at Rome hearde they were more grieued and afraide least whiles Anniball wasted those Regions whiche were at the sides of Italie the other army shoulde inuade another way therfore thoughe they woulde neuer so muche they coulde not leaue Spaine fearing the warre of Spaine woulde stretch to Italy Therefore they appointed a day to determine a Generall for the war in Spaine To the whiche prouince when none nowe offered hymselfe they were in more trouble and feare than before for all the Senators were still for feare till Cornelius Scipio sonne to Publius that was slaine in Spaine a yong man of xxiiij yeres of age but wise accompted noble in mind did step forth boldly spake lamentably the harde happe of hys father vncle affirming that he alone was left to reuenge both their deaths and other things he added with great eloquence and vehemenete so as it were by a diuine inflamation he promised to restore not onely Spaine but also to take Carthage wherefore he was thoughte to boaste too muche lyke a young man but he got the fauoure of the people whiche was stroken with greate feare For they that âeare when better hope is promised them they
punish Then he commaunded the officers to remoue y multitude further which being done the Senatoures brought the authors of seditioÌ forth who crying and praying their fellowes of help the Tribunes that were commanded killed them that durst once make any noyse The multitude when they saw them thus handled and the other armed they were sorrie and helde their peace Scipio commaunding them to bée fyrste killed that cried the other he bound to the pale and beate them with roddes and after beheaded them To the reste of the multitude he signified by the Trumpet that he forgaue them Ê by this order the army was reformed Indibilâ a certaine Prince that béefore obeyed Scipio during the sedition of the souldiours raunged the dominion of Scipio he being followed would not refuse battaile as a cowarde and killed a thousande two hundred of the Romane souldioures But losyng twenty thousande of his men he was compelled to aske peace whome Scipio punished by the purse and receyued hym to grace Massinissa vnknowen to Asdrubal saâled into Spaine made amitie with Scipio and promised if he came into Affrica to be his aider Thus he did being otherwise a coÌstaÌt man for this cause Asdrubal that ledde him with hym had espoused his daughter to him whome Syphax loued Whereof the Carthagies thoughte it néedefull for them to holde Syphax agaynste the Romaynes and gaue the maide in marriage vnto him withoute Asdrubals prinitie whiche thing being done Asdrubal was ashamed and kepte it secreate from Massinissa Whiche when he vnderstoode he made league with the Romanes Mago the admirall of the Carthagies despayring of the state of Spaine went into Gallia and Liguria and gathered men with al his mighte The Romanes tooke Gades being lefte of Mago and from that time beganne to send yearely officers to gouerne Spaine a little before the. CâL Olympiade which in peace had the office both of a Captaine and a Justice In the which with no greate army Santio was broughte into the forme of a Cittie whiche of the name of Italie was called Italica and after was the Countrey of Adriane and Traiane who were chosen to the rule of the Romaynes Hee returned to Rome wyth a nauie well furnished and and filled with Captines mony and spoyle of al sorts and was receyued of the people of Rome wyth all Ilandes especiallye of the North for the greatnesse and maruellous expedition of his doyngs And euen they that firste enuied him and noted him of boasting confessed the thing to be brought to a glorious end Indibilu after Scipios returne reuolted agayne Wherfore the lieutenaunts of Spaine gathering the ordinarie garrisons togyther and other of the prouince killed hym and condemned the authors of the rebellion and confiscated their goodes Then y were priuie to the mutinie they punished in money spoyled them of their armoure and tooke pledges of them and put greater garrisons in their Towns. These things were done streight after Scipios departure This was the ende of the Romanes first warre in Spaine After the which tyme the Romanes making war with the Galles that dwell aboute Poo and with Phillip king of Macedonie the state of Spaine beganne to be troublesome againe Sempronius Tuditanus and M. Claudius and after theÌ Minutius were chosen Generalls and after when there was greater stirre Cato was sent wyth a greater army a young man but seuere and painefull and very notable for hys wysedome and eloquence insomuche as of the people hée was called another Demosthenes who was the principall Oratour of all Grecia When he was come into Spaine to the place called Emporium and vnderstoode that the enimies were togither in a place to the number of sortie thousande he kepte hys Souldioures certaine dayes in exercise and when he determined to fighte he sent the ships which he had with hym to Massilia admonishing the souldioures that it was not to be feared though the ennimie was more in number séeing the vertue of the minde is muche more of price than the multitude And that he had therfore sent away his shippes whereof they had no néede nor were kept but for them that ouercame And when he had saide thus he gaue a fierce onset vpon the enimye and afraying his Souldioures rather than exhorting them as other were wonte to doe when the fight was begunne he ranne to euery part and encouraged the souldiors The fight continued doubtfull night manye falling on both sides and when he wyth thrée thousand had béen vpon an hill to sée al partes of the fight and saw his men were compassed of the enimie he came downe with haste offring himselfe to reâââ with the formost so crying fighting he brake the enimies aray laid the first foundation of victory He chased y enimy al night he got their camp killed an infinite multitude As he returned al mette with him embraced and congratulated with him as the Authour of victorie These things beyng done he gaue rest to the armye and made destribution of the spoyle Ambassadors came to him from al people of whom he receyued pledges Besides he sent letters sealed to the Citties commauÌding the bearers to deliuer al in one daye appointyng the daye as by coniecture he considred the distance of place as they might make their iorny to the furthest Cittie He coÌmanded the rulers of euery citie to pul down their wals threatned destruction to them y made any delay Al obeyed being mindful of y losse they had receyued seuerally they durst not resist thinking it had bin coÌmaÌded to them only not to other and if it were to other they were afraid if other did obey they should be punished if they did disobey And if they alone did obey it was a matter of no greate moment There was no respite for them to send to their neighbors of the souldiors that brought the letters they were vrged to it wherfore euery citie to saue themselues pulled down their wals and that they might haue thanke for their quicke obedience they did it with great spéede By this meane all the Citties that be about the floud Iberus did cast downe theyr walls in one day by the only wisedome of their Captaine they were quiet to the Romanes for the space of foure Olympiades But after the C L. Olympiade great parte of Spaine rebelled from the Romanes bicause they wer in waÌt of al necessaries for food Wherfore the matter comming to light Fuluius Flaccus Consull ouercame them and manye fled to their possessions But they that were in most want and got their liuing with robbing assembled al togither at Complega a Citty new made wel defenced that had encreased in a short time froÌ hence they many times molested the Romanes and seÌt to Flaccus that he shold leaue a cloake an horse and a sword for euery one that he had killed and flée out of Spaine before worse hapned vnto him
tayle of the armye and tooke some of the cariage Notwithstanding they came after and brought a hundred horsemen and saide their hurte in the carriage was done by the errour of some that knewe not the couenauntes Marcellus made the hundred horsmen prisoners and solde their horses then he ranged their lande and gaue the pray to the souldioures and encamped at their Cittie where when they sawe their engines broughte and their trenches made they sente oute an Heraulte wearing a Woolfs skinne to aske pardon whiche he denyed to giue except the Aruacceans Bellans and Titthians woulde sewe for them the whiche those nations did willinglye praying that a reasonable payne beyng putte vppon them they mighte be broughte to the league of Gracchus Some of them denied that bicause they hadde bin at strife Marcellus sent the Ambassadoures of both parts to Rome there to dispute their controuersies and secretly wrote to the Senate to compounde the matter for he desired the war might be ended in his time thinking it would be for his glory The Ambassadoures of the friendes were receyued into the Cittie they of the enimies were lodged without the Cittie as the manner is The Senate would haue no peace being grieued they were not brought into the Romanes power as Nobilior would haue done that was Generall in Spaine before Therefore the Senate aunswered the Ambassadors that Marcellus should declare their plesure there forthwith sent an other army into Spaine And then was the first time that souldiors wer takeÌ by lot not by choice as had béene before For manye did reproue the Consulls as not vsyng themselues truely and sincerely in the choise of soldiors that they might seÌd to lighter enterprises as cause reqââââd Therfore it séemed good then to take their soldiors by lotte of whome L. Lucullus was made Generall to whom Cornelius Scipio was lieutnant that shortely after gotte Carthage and Numantia Whiles Lucullus was comming Marcellus proclaimed warre againste the Celtiberians to whome he rendred their pledges they requiring them yet he deteyned hym long with him that wente Embassadoure for them to Rome for what cause it is vncertaine There was a suspition then which was beléeued much more by a thing that happened that is that he persuaded these people to committe their matters to him for he didde what he could to make an end of the warre before Lucullus came For after those controuersies there were fyue thousande Aruacceans that tooke Nergobrigem and Marcellus wente to Numantia and encamped within fyue myle of the Citie and droue the enimies into it Wherfore Linteuon Captain of the Numantines cried and said he woulde deale with Marcellus And being come in to talke hée saide he would leaue the Bellans Titthians and Aruacceans whom when Marcellus had accepted willingly he commaunded money and pledges to be deliuered which when he had receyued he let those people go frée This end had the warre of the Bellans Titthians and Aruaceans before the comming of Lucullus But Lucullus partly for desire of glorie and partly for néede for he was poore ledde his armie agaynst the Vacceans whiche be a people in Celtiberia next to the Aruacceans notwithstaÌding the Senate determined nothing of them nor they had euer bin enimies of the people of Rome Therefore when he had passed the floude Tagus he came to the citie of Caucâa and there encamped They of the towne asked why he came for what purpose he molested them that were in quiet rest Who when he had answered that hee came to helpe the Carpetanes whom they had iniured they returned into the city And when the Romanes wente for forrage they kylled many which being vnderstoode the army was brought forth and they mette and fought The Caucaeans a while had the better til their shotte fayled them then they fledde not being good at a firme battell and so thrusting together at the gate there were thrée thousand slayne The next day the olde men came forth and besought Lucullus to tell them what they might doe to kéepe the Romanes fauour He required pledges an C. talentes of silner and y their horsemen shoulde serue with him which when it was graunted he saide he woulde put a garrison in the Citie and they did not denye that He put two thousand choyce souldyoures into the citie whome he commaunded to take the walles whiche béeyng done he brought in all his army and killed all without respect of age and thus by extreame crueltie they were all slaine calling vpon the Gods and the faith of the oth by the whiche the Romanes had sworne and charging the Romanes with infidelitie by the which they had murthered twenty thousande a fewe except that were in the strong and rocky places Lucullus spoyled the Citie and gaue the prey to the Souldioures purchasing an immortall infamie to the name of Rome All they of the Countrey assembled and came out of the playnes into the hils and into the strong townes carrying so muche with them as they could burning the rest that Lucullus shoulde haue no profite of them When Lucullus had made a long iourney by the hard and deserte way he came to a Citie that is called Enderacia into the whiche more than twenty thousand footemen were fledde and two thousand horsemen Lucullus suche was his foolishnesse inuited them to composition to whome they obiected the calamitie of the Vacceans asking if he woulde exhorte them to suche amitie Lucullus being angry for their obiection as the manner is of them that do naught whereas they should rather be angry with themselues wasted their land ⪠and beséeged their Citie made many trenches ⪠and continually prouoked them to fight One of them very faire in armour came many times forth on horsehacke and prouoked any Romane to fighte hand to hand and when no man answered him he laughed and scorned the Romanes and wente leaping and reioyeing home Doyng this very oft it gréeued Scipio that was a yong man who came forthe and toke the matter in hande and by the benefite of fortune ouercame the greate straunger he being but of small stature which gaue courage to the Romane But in the night they were diuersly affrighted for all the horsemen of the Barbarians whiche were gone a foraging before the Romanes came and coulde not get into the Citie ranne vpon the Camp with great alarms and they of the Citie did the like with greate vehemence sore troubling the Romanes who being afflicted wyth watche for all that night they were compelled to watche in armoure and not accustomed to the meates of that countrey and hauing neyther wyne salte nor oyle nor vinegre and did eate sodden wheate and barlie and muche fleashe of Dere and Hare without salte they fell into flixes of the whiche many dyed Thus they continued tyll they hadde brought their trenches to due height whiche being done they beat downe one part of
the wall and entred the Citie but being valiantly repulsed in their retire vnawares they fell into a fenne where a greate parte of them perished The Barbarians the night following made vppe theyr wall but at length when both sides was oppressed wyth famine Scipio promised them that there should be no fraude in their treatie to whome faith was giuen for the opinion of hys vertue This was the ende of thys warre that they shoulde deliuer tenne thousande Souldioures coates a certayne number of caitell and fiftie pledges The gold and siluer Lucullus could not haue for whose cause he made the warre thinking Spayne had bin full of it for those people hadde it not neyther doe these Celtiberians much estéeme suche things After this he wente toward Pallantia whiche was a Citie of greater name and power into the whyche many were fledde therefore many counselled him to leaue it but he ⪠bycause hée heard it was ⪠wealthy and riche did not followe their councell When he went to forage euer he had the Pallantine horsemen vpon him so as for lacke of victuall he was fayne to remoue his Camp and so ledde his army in a square battell the Pallantines euer following till he came to the floud Orius Then they went away at midnight and he returned to the Turditanes land and there wintered This end hadde the warre whiche Lucullus made with the Vacceans without the authoritie of the Senate Therfore that he shuld not come to iudgemeÌt being accused c. ¶ Notwithstanding another part of Spayne called Lusitania lyuing after their owne lawes with a certayne Captayne of Africa did spoyle the Countreys that obeyed the Romanes and wheÌ they had ouerthrowen Manilius and Calphurnius Piso the Romane Captaynes they killed syxe thousande of them beside Terentius Varro that was treasourer by the whiche thing the Affrican being proude did runne ouer all the Countreys to the Ocean sea and ioyning the Vettones vnto him beséeged the Blastophenicians that were subiect to the Romanes with the whyche they say Anniball did mingle some of the Carthage generation therfore they were called Blastophenicians Thys Captayne was hurte on the head with a stone and dyed and in hys place succéeded another called Cessaro Hée foughte wyth Mummius that was come from Rome wyth another armye of whome being ouercome and Mummius chacing hym he returned vppon them that followed disorderly and kylled tenne thousande and recouered all hys prey and hys owne Campe whyche hée hadde lost and besyde spoyled the Romanes Campe and tooke theyr Ensignes the whyche they shewing throughout Spayne made a laughingstocke of the Romanes Mummius nowe Campyng in a strong place exercised the Souldioures whyche he hadde lefte whyche were fiue thousande and durst not bryng them into the playne tyll they hadde recouered theyr courage The Lusitanes albeit they inhabite the other syde of the floud Tagus yet they tooke armes and wasted the Cuneans that were tributaries to the Romanes Canchenus béeyng theyr Captayne and tooke Cunistorges theyr greate Citie and passed the Sea at the pillers of Hercules so as some of them wente into Affrica and some beséeged the Citie of Ocilis Mummius followed them with nine thousand footemen and fiue hundred horsemen and killed of them fiftéene thousande that wasted the Countreys and many of the other and deliuered Ocile from the séege and then méeting with them that raunged that Countrey he destroyed them all so as not a messenger was left The prey that coulde be carryed he distributed to the Souldioures the rest he burned in the honor of the Gods that be the rulers of warre for the which things he triumphed at Rome at his returne M. Attilius succéeded him which in one rode killed seuen hundred Lusitanes and destroyed a great Citie called Ostrace and tooke all the countrey aboute yéelding for feare in the whiche some were of the nation of the Bottanes but so soone as Attilius departed to hys winter station they reuolted and beséeged certayne of the Romanes tributaries whome when Seruius Galba successor to Attilius would haue put from the séege of the sodayne when he had gone in one night and a day fiue hundred surlongs he shewed himselfe to the Lusitanes and put his souldioures wearie of their iourney to the fight forthwith and when he had put the enimie to flighte and foolishly followed them with his Souldioures weake and wearie the Barbarians séeing them scattered and manye times resting them for faintenesse turned and gaue a charge vpon them and killed seauen thousande of them Galba with the horsemen about him recouered himselfe at the Citie of Carmena where he gathered all them that escaped and when he had twenty thousand of the tributarie souldyoures he went into the borders of the Cuneans where he wintered at Cunistorge Lucullus who made warre with the Vacceans withoute the authoritie of the Senate comming that time into Turditania vnderstoode that the Lusitanes made warre vppon their neighboures therefore he sent some of his best Captaynes and killed fiftéene hundred of them as they passed a water and others that were fledde into an hill he compassed with trenches and mountes and killed a great multitude Then entring Lusitania he wasted one parte and Galba another Some that sente Embassadors to confirme the league made with Attilius and broken of them he receyued into friendship and compounded the master wyth them Also he fayned that he was sory for them and kllwel ⪠that they for continuall wante were driuen to spoyle and so breaking league made warre I know quoth he that you were coÌpelled to it by the barennesse and want of your Countrey ⪠but I will put you into a plentifull soyle and diuide you into thrée seuerall places full of abundance They being allured by thys hope went from their owne houses whome being diuided into thrée partes he shewed them a playne where he had them stay till he came to shew them the place where they shoulde buylde their Citie When he was come to the firste he willed them to leaue their armour as friends which they did then he enclosed them with ditches and trenches and sent in his souldyource and caused them all to be kylled not one escaping they calling vpon the Gods for the breach of faith He did the like to the seconde and thirde before one vnderstoode of anothers calamitie and thus he reuenged fraude with fraude following the Barbarians vse no respect he had to y honor of Rome A few escaped among whome was Viriatus who after was Captayne of the Lusitanes and did greate feates and killed many Romanes Those things that were done afterwarde I will shewe in the other bookes But Galba who passed Lucullus in couetousnesse distributed a fewe things among the souldyoures and tooke the rest to hymselfe although he was most riche of all the Romanes He was a man that in peace where profite appeared would
to Massinissa from Sophonisba Syphax wife to excuse the necessitie of that mariage Massinisse receyueth hir gladly and went againe to Scipio leauing hir at Cyrta to sée what was best to be done hereafter Scipio sayd to Syphax What Spirite tooke thée when thou wast a friend to me praying me to come into Libya to breake thy faith with God by whom thou diddest sweare after God to breake it with the Romanes to choose to make warre for Carthage against the Romanes séeing the Carthaginians not long before were thyne enimies He said Sophonisba the daughter of Asdruball whome I loued to my losse she louing hir Country so deatly able to perswade a man to what she list turned me from you to hir couÌtry and from so greate felicitie hath brought me to so great misery Therefore I counsell thée for nowe being yours and put from Sophinisba I ought to be sure vnto you to kéepe Sophonisba least she turne Massinissa to what she wil for it cannot be hoped that she wil take the Romanes part so greatly doth she loue hir Citie This he spake eyther truly or for gelousie of Massinissa to hinder him as much as he could Scipio perceyuing Syphax to bee wise expert in that couÌtry led him about with him made him priuy of his mind counsel as Cyrus vsed Craesus king of Libya When Laelius was come said he heard as much of Sophonisba to bée of many reported Scipio commanded Massinissa to deliuer Sophonisba Syphax wife He refusing it excusing that was done afore Scipio commanded him more sharply not to with-holde by violence a Romane prisoner but to bring hir forth then to alleadge and say what he could Then went Massinissa with the Romanes to deliuer Sophonisba But priuily he came firste to hir brought hir a poyson told hir she must presentlye drinke it or remayne a flaue to the Romanes speaking no more he tooke his horse Shée shewing the cuppe to hir nurse prayed hir not to bewaile hir noble death and drunke the poyson Massinissa shewed hir to the Romanes and when he had buryed hir honorably he retourned to Scipio He praysed hym and tolde him he was rid of an euill woman and crowned hym for his seruice against Syphax and gaue him many gifts When Syphax was come to Rome some thought good to saue hym bicause he had bin a friend to the Romanes in Iberia some thought to punish him bycause he had made warre against his friendes but he being sicke for sorrow dyed Asdrubal hauing wel exercised hys souldiors sent to Mago y was generall of the Carthaginians that he would make him his fellow in y war she wing that there were many Iberians with Scipio whom if a man woulde corrupte with golde promise they might burne Scipio his Camp and he if the time were prescribed would be at the feate WheÌ Hanno heard this he wrought wiles against Asdrubal yet he dyd not refuse the enterprise but sente a faithfull man with gold as a run-away into Scipios Campe who persuading suche as he found corrupted many the day being appointed he returned to Hanno who sent to Asdrubal of the day WheÌ Scipio sacrificed euident danger of fire was signified who sent aboute the campe to sée if there were any great fire and to put it oute And thus he sacrificed many dayes and alwaies the sacrifice shewed fire wherefore he was grieued and determined to change his campe An Iberian seruant to a horseman of Rome being tolde of y conspirators fained as he had bin made priuie so learned al. told it to his maister who brought him to Scipio bewrayed al. Scipio killed them threwe their heads oute of the camp Hanno percevued it soone being so nighe came not at the daye appointed But Asdrubal being ignorant came when he saw the number of y dead hée suspected the matter retired TheÌ did Hanno greatlye accuse hym to the multitude that he shoulde come to Scipio to betray him he woulde not receyue him And Asdrubal after this was in more hate at Carthage About this tyme Amilchar secreatlye sayling vppon the Romane Nauye tooke one galley and sixe Shyppes Hanno came vpon them that besiâged Vtica and was repulsed Scipio hauing bin so long at the siege of Vtica and doyng no good dissolued his campe and sent his munition agaynst the Citie of Hippon and doing no good there burned his vnprositable engins and ranged the Countrey some he receiued to amitie and some he destroyed The Carthaginians being weary of so many displeasures made Annibal Generall and sent an Admirall with a nauy to haste hys commyng and in the meane tyme they sent Embassadors to Scipio for peace thinking to obtaine one of these either to haue peace or delay of time till Annibal came Scipio gaue them a truce and taking the costes of his Campe gaue them leaue to sende messengers to Rome They sent and yet kepte warde in the Cittie as they hadde bin still enimies Béeyng broughte into the Senate they desired forgiuenesse of their faulte The Senatoures partely accused the Carthaginians of their infidelitie whiche they had so oft made and broken and what hurt Annibal had done the Romanes and their confederats the Iberians and Italians Part of them thought this peace was as profitable for them as for the Carthaginians Italie béeyng wasted wyth so manye euills and vttering their feare of things to come Anniball saylyng out of Italie and Mag. from Liguriâ and Hanno from Carthage wyth greate armies againste Scipio Uppon the which the Senate doubting sent counselloures to Scipio with whom he might from hencesorth conferre and do that should séeme expedient He made peace with Carthage with these conditions 1 That Mâgo shoulde saile from Ligunia out of hande and ââ om henceforth leadenâ straunge armies 2 That they should haue no more but thirtie galâtes ⪠3 That they shoulde not meddle beyonde the âââchâ called Phâââtiââ 4 That they should deliuer all the priâoners and run awaics to the Romanes 5 That they should pay them in tyme. 1600. talents of siluer 6 That Massinâssâ should haue the Masâlians and what he could get of âââhax lande These were the conditions and ambassadours sayled to Rome to sweare to them before the Consuls and so did some from Rome to haue them sworne at Carthage The Romaynes rewarded Massinissa wyth giftes of consederacie they sent him a crown of gold and a signet of gold and a Chayre of Juoriâ and a purple garment and a robe of Rome and a horse trapped with golde and an armour for hys whole body When this was done Annibal sayled to Carthage against hys will suspecting the vnfaythfulnesse and disobedience of the people to their ralers and thinking the peace woulde not be made and if it were made would not long hold he went to a Citie of Libya Adrumete
and gathered victual and boughte horses And he made friendshippe with a prince of Numidia called Areacides Foure thousand horsemen that fled vnto hym froÌ Massinissa that had bene Syphaces as suspected he shot to deathe he deuided their Horse to his souldiours And Mesorulos another Prince came vnto hym with a thousand horsemen and Vermina one of Syphax sonnes hauing the most part of his fathers kingdome The Cities of Maââinissa hee gotte some by yelding and some by force Narces he got by treason after thys sort hauing want of victuals hee sente to them as his friendes and when he sawe it frame he sent many with secret weapons commanding to deale iustly with the sellers til they heard y trumpets then to kill euery man and kepe the gates ⪠and so was Narces taken The people of Carthage lately making peace and their ambassadors not yet come from Rome and Scipio still present spoyled the victuall of Scipio that was driuen to Carthage by windes and bound the bringers oâ it the Senate of Carthage sore threatning thââ and warning them not to breake the league lately made They blamed the league as vniustly made and sayd ther was more feare to bee had of famine than of breaking league Scipio would not beginne warre againe after the peace but deââred as of his friendes that the offendours might be punished They woulde haue stayed the ambassadours also till theyrs came from Rome But Hanno Magnus and Asdrubal Eriphus dââ take them from the multitude and sent them awaye with two gallies other perswadeâ Asdrubal the admiral to go to the ââwer of Apollo and when the gallies did returne to set vppon Scipios shippes and be was perswaded So some of the ambassadours were shotte to death other wounded of them got to the port of their power and leapt out of the ship ready to be taken so nere were they to be taken prisoners When the Romaines in the Citie heard this they commaunded the ambassadours that yet were ther about the peace to depart as enimies They in their iourney were driuen to Scipios nauy When the admirall asked Scipio what was to be done with them he sayde not as the Carthaginians haue done with vs and let them goe vntouched When the olde men of Carthage saw this they rebuked the people of their rashnesse and counselled them to desire Scipio to kepe the league to receiue punishment for their offence of y Carthaginians They being offended with the Senate for y long euil gouernment being styrred of y coÌmon sort as not loking wel to that coÌmon profitte being deceiued with vaine hope called Annibal with his army He considering the greatnesse of y war caused them to cal home Asdrubal with his power Thus Asdrubal being quit of his offence deliuered his armor to Annibal yet ourst he not appeare at Carthage but hid himself in the citie Scipio placing his shipe before Carthage kept victual from them by sea At this time was a fight of horsemeÌ betwéen ⪠Scipio Annibal at Zama in y which Scipio had y better there was dayly skirmishes berwixt theÌ til Scipio heard y Annibal was in great waÌt loked for his fâragers to come in the night sent Thermus against y bringers of it Thermus toke an âil in a streight passage killed 3000. Libyans toke as many brought y victual to Scipio Annibal being driuen to eâtreme want âââising how he might help y preseÌt necessitie seÌt ambassadors to Massinissa remeÌbring to him his norishirg bringing vp in Carthage desiced him to moue Scipio to come to accord again for y offence was of the people of y foolisher sort of y people Massinisa sa remeÌbring in déed y he was brought vp in Carthage hauing y worthinesse of the citie in reuerence many friends yet there prayed Scipio and brought them again to accord after this sort 1 That the Carthaginians should deliuer the shipp es menand victuals that they had taken of the Romanes and all that they had taken beside or the price of it as Scipio should value it 2 That they should pay a. M. talents for a sine for the fault This was agréed trâce taken til the Carthaginians shoulde heare them so Annibal escaped beyond al hope The Senate of Carthage allowed wel of the accord and exhortet the people to stand to them remembring the long adueâsity that they had had and the present néede in the army both of meate and mony but they as rude people be wont soolishly thought their gouernours agréed with the Romanes for their owne commodities that by them they might rule their countrey as Anniball dyd nowe and Asdrubal had done afore betraying the armye to y â ânimies in y night not long after meaning to yeld to Scipio then comming to the campe and now lurking in the citie vpon the which a ââye and tumult being made some of them wente out of the assemblie to seeke Asdrubal round about He preuented them flying into his fathers Sepulchre and killed himselfe with a poyson they dragged out his carcasse and cut off hys heade and put it vppon a speares point and bare it aboute the Citie Thus Asdrubal first vniuslly iniuried and secondly falsly accused oâ Hanno then thus brought to death by the Carthaginians was spyted after his death in this wise They sente to Annibal to breake the truce and to make warre vppon Scipio to try it out by spéedy fight bicause of waÌt He brake the truce And Scipio taking a great Citie called Parthos camped neare to Annibal and he remoued sending thrée spies to the Romanes whome Scipio toke and did not kil them according to the law of armes but commaunded them to be led about the campe to sée the store of armor munition then let them go to tell Annibal of eueryething He desired to come to talke whiche being graunted he sayd the Carthaginians were grieued with the first peace for the money if that might be remitted the Romanes contented with Sicilia Iberis y Iles which they haue y peace should be sure Scipio aunswered Annibal should gette a greate rewarde by flying out of Italie if hée myght obtayne thys of Scipio and forbadde him to sende anye more to by â And so threatning one another they departed to their seueral âampes There was a Cittie nygh called Cilla at the whiche was an hil fytte for the campe the which Annibal perceyuing sent to take it vp and folowed with his army but finding it taken before of Scipio he was left in the playne field without water and spent that night in digging of water pittes The army pickte out the heapes of sande and dranke little water full of sande and was grieued without meate or rest and some were in their armour all night Which Scipio perceyuing came vpon them by day they being weary of
to do a notable feate againe Firste he mette with the Massulians and fought with them and this fighte was onely betwéene Massinissa and Anniball They fiercelye going to it Massinissa stroke Annibals target he hitte Massinissas Horse who being a foote flewe vppon Anniball and killed his Horse comming vppon hym before all other The dartes of the other he receyued vppon hys shielde and drewe one of them that stucke vppon it and threw it at Annibal missing him and killed the nexte Horse Then drawing out another he was wounded on the arme and went oute of the battell for a whyle When Sââpiâ hearde of it he was afrayde of Massinassa and came to the fraye and found Massinissa horsed and going to the field againe hauing tyed his wound The fight was equall agayne and very sore on both fides eyther being afrayde of their capitaynes tyll Annibal dydde see the Iberians and Frenchmen ne staying vppon an hill and roade to them to bring them forth againe They that foughte not knowing the cause thinkyng his going had bin a flying lefte the fighte willyngly and fledde disorderedly not lookyng toward Annibal but euery man where he coulde Thus they brake and the Romaines as the fielde hadde bene fully gotte pursued them out of order neyther they vnderstanding of Annibals purpose who returned with the Spaniards and Frenchmen Wherefore Scipio called his men againe from the chase with spéede and set them in order being more than they that came from the hyll wherefore he mighte the more easily resist them Annibal being deceyued of this laste hope fledde now vtterly dispayring of all things Manye horsemen followed him specially Massinissa beyng grieued with his wounde euer at hande and desirous to haue brought him prisoner to Scipto but the night diuided them and Annibal in the darke with twentie horsemen that could folow him fled into a Cittie called Thonne whither when he vnderstoode that many horsemen of Bâutia and Iberia were come from the field and fearing the Iberians as barbarous and cruel and doubting the Brutians being Italians and countrey men to Scipio least they woulde leade him to Scipio to be forgiuen their faulte against Italiâ priuily he fled with one horseman whom he trusted best and running three thousand âurlongs in two nightes and two dayes he came to a Citie at the sea called Adrumetâ where parte of his armye was for victuall sending aboute and gathering them that fledde he made armoure and munition Scipio hauing got so noble a victorie burned the vnprofytable spoyle beyng gyrded as the Romanes Generalls be went He sent to Rome ten talents of golde and .ij. M .v. C. of siluer and wrought Iuorie and the most noble prisoners Lâlius being the messenger of the victorie The reste he tooke to honor his souldiours and gaue giftes to them that did beste and to Massinissa a Crowne and then he went and tooke the Cities And this was the ende of Annibal and Scipios fighte in Libya and the first time that they fought togither There dyed of the Romaynes two thousand fiue hundred and of Massinissas more of the enimies fiue and twenty thousand of prisoners were taken eighte thousande fiue hundred of the Iberians thrée hundred yeelded to Scipio of the Numidians eight hundred to Massinissa Neyther the Carthaginians nor the Romanes yet hearing of it they of Carthage sent to Mago gathering yet Frenchemen to inuade Italie if hée coulde or to sayle into Libyâ wyth hys hyred souldioures The Romanes intercepting these letters sent to Scipio an other army of horse and footemen and Shyppes and money Scipio sent Octauius by lande to Carthage and hymselfe went by water When they of Carthage vnderstoode Annibals ouerthrow they seÌt Ambassadours in a pynnesse of the which Hanno Magnus and Asdrubal Haedus were chiefe They set vp a banner of peace on the stemme and held vp their hands to Scipio desiring pardon Hée willed them to go to the Campe where he being placed vpon an highe seate gaue them audience They with teares fell to the grounde and being taken vp of the officers were commaunded to say what they woulde Then Annibal ãâã spake It is my parte O Romanes and this Hanno and as manye as be wise in Carthage to cleare oure selues of this faulte that you put vppon vs For your Embassadoures whom oure people being driuen by hunger offended we saued and sent home yet wée muste not blame all Carthage for some desired peace firste and they had it and kepte it firmely Cities be soone drawne to the worst that whiche is pleasant preuayleth euer with the multitude whiche we haue proued beyng neither able to perswade them nor to stay them For they that did accuse vs and take frée spéeche from vs do not iudge vs O Romanes of our obedience or counsell but if it séemeth a saulte to be slowe to obey blame hunger and the necessitie that droue vs to it for it was not a coÌstrained act of them so desire peace before and gyue so much money and to deliuer al our long ships saue a fewe and to yéelde a great parte of oure dominion and to sweare to them and to send our othe to Rome our Ambassadors being yet with you and willingly to offend But a manne may blame God chiefly and the storme that droue your corne to Carthage Beside the storme huÌger tooke you that cannot consider well of other mens things beyng in néede of all thinges nor require good reason of a rude and myserable multitude But if you iudge vs to do vniustlye not to be in miserye we confesse and pray forgiuenesse Justification is of them that do not offend and submission of them that do offende to the which the mercy of them that be in prosperitie ought to be the readier beholding the chaunces of men and considering the sodaine mutations that now we do crie for pardon that yesterday were able to do hurte as the citie of Carthage the greatest and mightiest of Libya both in shippes money and Elephants and in army of foote and horsemen many subiects haue flourished these 700. yeares and ruled al Libya and other nations and Ilandes and so great a part of the sea comming against you many times in contention and nowe neyther in Shyppes nor Elephants nor horse nor subiects all the whiche you haue taken from vs haue any hope of helpe but in you whom we haue euill vsed before The whiche you consideryng and marking the alteration of them ought to vse your felicitie the more temperately and doe that shall séeme worthye for your magnanimitie O Romanes and the fortune that Carthage sometime had to put the mutations of âate in our misfortunes voide of enuy you may be without blame afore God and deserue prayse of all men There is no feare nowe that the Carthaginians wyll rebel whom so great repentance and paine of their former follie doth fall vppon Good counsell is the kéeper of
Innocencie to wise men to offendoures to repent them for that they haue suffered whom it is like to be the more constant in theyr dueties than they that had neuer suche experience Neither is it fit for you to folow the Carthaginians whome you accuse of cruelty and wickednesse For in them that be in misery want and calamitie is the beginning of offence to them that be in prosperitie it is at their pleasure to vse humanitie It shall be as honorable as profitable for your aucthoritie rather to saue than to kill so greate a Cittie you bée nowe the better Judges of youre commodities Wée bring but twoo thynges to the assurance thereof the worthinesse of dominion that Carthage somtime hath had and youre moderation towarde all men which beyng ioyned wyth armes hath brought you to so great Empire and power What conditions you will gyue vs of peace we will take them of the whiche we can say no more committing all to you When Haedus had saide thus muche he ceased Scipio willing them to auoid conferred with the officers a while and when he had determined he called them and said You be worthy no pardon that so âste haue broken peace and lastely deââied oure Embassadoures so manifestly and wickedly offending againste vs that you can neyther purge youre selues nor shewe any matter to the contrary but that you are worthy extreame punishement What néede I to accuse them that confesse you flée to prayer that woulde not haue lefte the name of Rome if you had got the victory but we haue done no suche thyng to you your Embassadours being yet in Rome after you had broken the league and violated oure Embassadors our Citie deliuered and béeyng dryuen to myne armye I sente vnhurte to you when you made warre on vs Therefore you ought to thinke it gaine whatsoeuer you receiue hauing condeÌned your selues I will saye what I thinke good and the Senate shall determine what shal please them Wée giue you peace once agayne O Carthaginians if you gyue all youre long Shyppes vnto the Romaynes except ten and all the Elephants you haue and those you tooke before and pay for theÌ that be lost I being iudge of the doubts and all the prisoners and run awayes and so many as Annibal brought out of ãâ¦ã and thus within thirty dayes after the peace is made And that in threescore dayes Magâ shall departe out of ââgâââ and that you take your garrisons oute of the Cities whiche be without the ââââhe of Pââânicia and deliuer the pledges you haue of them And that euery yeare you shall bring two hundred talentes of Euboea for fity yeares That you shall hâre no more Frenchmen or Ligurians That you shal make no warre vpon Massâââssâ nor any other friend of ours nor any of Carthage war against them by the common consent That you shall haue your citie and so muche lande with the Phoenicians ditche as you had when I sayled into Libya That you shal be friends to the Romaynes bothe by sea and lande if the Senate do confirme it and if they do confirme it that the Romanes shall go out of Libya in a hundred and fiftye dayes and if you will haue truce to send to Rome You shall giue vs out of hand an hundred and fifty Ostages of such children as I shall choose And you shall giue to the expences of the warre a thousand talents more and victuall for the army and when the peace is concluded you shall receiue your pledges When Scipio had said thus the Embassadours bare the faults to Carthage The people resorting manye dayes to the counsell the beste sorte thought it good to accept the conditions and not to putte al in hazarde in sticking for somewhat When the corne shoulde go away the people not considering more the present perill than the taking awaye of that they had did resist and were grieued that the rulers should take away their corne for the Romanes in their famme and giue it them in steade of Citizens during the truce They stoode aboute euery of them and threatned to burne their houses and spoyle them In the ende knowing that Annibal hadde gathered sixe thousand footemen and fiue hundred horsemen staying at a Citie named Marthma they called him to be of counsell in these matters He came and the sober sorte being afraide that he being a man of warre woulde haue stirred the people He perswaded verye grauely to receiue the peace The people outragiously spake euill of him and threatned all till the noble men fledde some to Massimssa and some to the Romanes willingly despayring of the Citie The Carthaginians vnderstanding that Annibal hadde gathered corne plentifullye into a Store-house they made muche adoe for it tyll they gote it and diuided it among them In this meane time was newes come to Rome of the newe peace that Scipio had made with them of Carthage And the matter being debated in the Senate house one of the Senatoures saide thus If wée shoulde not agrée to this peace it were both iniurious and vniusteâo Scipio the whiche he suspecting as it séemeth when he had declared his minde vnto vs He added That if wée made delay he woulde make peace It is like that hée considereth the matter better than we and séeth more in it bycause he hath al before him if wée doe otherwise we shall offende hys estimation a good Citizen and a noble Capitayne who prouoked vs vnwilling to sende into Affrica and hauyng no army of vs did gette one himselfe and hathe promoted vs so farre as we could not hope Therefore it is to be wondered that you that were so faint at the beginning in the warre are nowe so earnest and vehement Nowe if any man thinketh all to bée well and yet feareth that the Carthaginians will breake thys league it is nowe moste like they wyll kéepe the peace being so ofte afflicted for breaking of it and that henceforth they will kéepe Justice better beyng fallen on the knée by vnrighteousnesse It is not a like counsell nowe to despise the Carthaginians as of no power and againe to feare that they might rebell It is more easie for vs to kéepe them that they shall no more rise than to destroy them presently For nowe they wil fighte of desperation whom we might kepe vnder with feare They haue euils ynow without vs wyth whome all their neighbours are grieued for their crueltie And Massinissa a man moste faithfull to vs shall euer lye in wait of theÌ But if any man do contemne al this and thinketh only how he may succéede Scipio and of hys owne commoditie and to haue the like successe that hée hath had in the ende what shall we do with the Citie if we happe to take it shall we destroy it vtterly bicause they spoyled our ships and victualls whiche they are content to deliuer with muche more but we wil not do this to auoide the anger of Gods and hate of
them ⪠one in a robe of purple decked with rings bracelets of gold maketh diuerse shewes to moue laughter as flouting of enimies After him a multitude of Perfumers and the generall among these Perfumers in a chariote diuersly garnished for it was set with gold and stone of great price He was clad with a purple robe with barres of gold after his Countrey maner and a Scepter of Iuorie and a laurel which the Romane thinketh a token of victorie In the same Chariot be carried boyes and gyrles and on eyther side going men that be of kin Then follow they that haue bin scribes ministers and pages in the warre After them the army in bandes and companies with garlands and Laurell euery man with his giftes according to his worthynesse some of the rulers they prayse some they mocke and some they taunt For the triumph is priuileged and lawfull to say what they will. When Scipio was come to the Capitol the triumph ceassed and he feasted his friendes as the manner is at the Temple Thys ende had the seconde warre betwéene the Romaynes and Carthage begonne in Spaine and ending in Libya with these conditions about the hundred fourtie foure Gréeke Olympiade Massinissa falling out with the Carthaginians and trusting to the Romaines toke a great part of the Carthagies lande as belonging to him The Carthaginians desired the Romaynes to agrée Massinissa and them They sente arbitrours with instructions to helpe Massinissa as much as they might So Massinissa hadde the lande and a league was made betwene them for fiftie yeares in the whiche the Carthaginians hauing peace growe into great power and welth by the plentye of their ground and trafficke of the sea and againe as men be wonte in prosperitie were diuided some for the Romaines some for the people and some for Massinissa Of euery of these the chiefe in fame and vertue gouerned for the Romaines Hanno Magnus for the people Amilchar SaÌnââ and Carthalo for Massinissa Annibal called Opsar They wayting the Romaynes being at warre with the Celtiberians and Massinissa at debate with other Iberians perswaded Carthalo the Boâtarche and for that office going aboute the countrey to make a fray vpon such as kept the land for Massinissa He killed some of them and chased the other and stirred the Libyans of that Countrey againste Massinissa and many conflictes were betwéene them till the Romaines sent other ambassadours to agrée them to whome was sayde the like that they should secretely fauour Massinissa they coÌfirmed to Massinissa al that he had taken by this craft They said nothing nor they heard nothing least Massinissa should haue had the worst but being in the middest betwéene theÌ both they held vp their hands and thys was the coÌmaundement and the Attonement Not long after Massinissa called into controuersie the greate lande and playnes of fifty Cities which they cal Tysca in the whiche the Carthaginians fledde againe to the Romaynes They promised to sende ambassadours and deferred so long till they thought Massinissa had the better Then they sent the Ambassadours and Cato They comming to the bateable land required both partes to stande to their arbitrement Massinissa was coÌtent bâcause hée trusted the Romanes and got by them The Carthaginians suspected as them that before hadde iudged not rightly They sayde the league made by Scipio néeded no iudgemente nor correctours â bycause there was no breach of them The ambassadours not allowed to iudge of parte wente their waye and diligentlye marked the grounde verye well laboured ⪠with great preparation and when they went into the Citie perceiued of what strength it was and howe the people was encreased since Scipio hadde ouercome them whiche was not long Being come to Rome they sayde they had not suspition ynough of Carthage a Citie aduersarie and a neighbour that was excéedinglye increased And Cato chieflye sayde that Rome coulde not be sure nor in libertie till Carthage was destroyed The Senate vnderstanding it mynded to make warre on the Carthaginians but tarried for an occasion and kepte their iudgement close And Cato continuallye from that tyme sayde in the Counsell that Carthage muste not stande But Scipio Nassica saide the contrarye that Carthage muste be suffered to kepe the Romanes in feare and good order The peoples parte preuayling in Carthage putte out the friendes of Massinissa aboute the number of sourtye and they made a decrée of bannishmente and sware the people that they shoulde neyther receyue them agayne nor suffer any spéeche to be hadde of their restoring They being bannished fledde to Massinissa and prouoked him to warre He sent his two sonnes Galossa and Missipsa to require them to receiue the bannished men The ruler shut the gates against them least the kinsemen of the bannished might moue the people with their teares And Amilchar Samnis laye in wayte for them and set vpon Gelossa and killed some of his meÌ and made him afrayd Wherfore to giue occasion of warre Massinissa toke the Citie of ââscopa coueting it aboue the conditions The Carthaginians with fiue and twenty thousande footemen and four hundred horsemen of the Citie the ruler of y prouision being Captaine made warre against Massinissa and encamping nigh Asasis Sybas Captaines of Massinissa contendyng with the kings children fledde from him and ledde awaye sixe thousand Asdrubal encouraged by this camped nearer Massinissa and in the skirmishes had the better Massinissa to deceyue him went backe by little and little as though he had fledde vntill he had brought him into a desart field ful of hils and rocks and voyde of victual Then he turned and camped in the playn and Asdrubal ranne to the hils as the more surer and then entended to come the next day to fight Scipio the yonger that afterwarde toke Carthage seruing vnder Lucullus in Celtiberia came to Massinissa to desire him to send Elephants Massinissa preparing his body for the fight againstâ the next daye sente horsemen to receiue him and diuerse of his sonnes He by breake of day ordered his army being ixxxviij yeares of age ryding yet very strongly and leaping vppon the bare horse as the manner is of the Numidians being a good captaine and a fighting souldiour The Numidians be most strong and among them that liue long of moste long life The cause is peraduenture that they haue no sharpe winter by the which euery thing is destroyed nor the sommer so hotte as the Aethiopians and Indians therefore this region bringeth forth moste strong beastes and the men be alwayes in the ayre and in laboure they drinke little wine and their diet is very simple and thinne Massinissa on horsebacke directed hys armye and Asdrubal brought his people which were very manye againste him for manye were come to hym out of the Countrey Scipio behelde the fighte from an hyghe place as from a Theatre He was wont to say that
of thys matter and for the sodaine could not answere for hymselfe he was killed with the seates of the house When the small doings of Pisâ and the prouision of Carthage was tolde at Rome the people was grieued and feared that if the warre encreased beyng greate continuall and at hande they coulde looke for no rest bicause they had broken faith wyth them before And remembring the actes that Scipio had lately done in Libya when he was a Tribune and comparyng them with the present the letters that were sent from the Camp euery man to his friendes they required that Scipio might be sente Consull into Libya for the Election was at hande But the lawe forbad Scipio to be Consull yet bicause of his age He desired to bée an Edile but they would haue him Consul Which beyng against the Lawe and the Consuls bringing forth the Lawe they were grieued and offended affirming that by the Lawes of Romulââ and Tullius the people was Lorde of the Elections and mighte allowe and disallowe what Law they would In the ende one of the Tribunes saide if the Consuls would not agrée to the people they woulde take the Election from the Consulls So the Senate perswaded the people to breake the Lawe for one yeare and then to resume it againe As the Lacedemonians in a necessitie dissolued a Lawe for them that were taken at Pylo and saide Let the Lawes sléepe for thys daye So Scipio desiring to be Edile was made Consull whose fellowe Drusus required to allotte the prouinces til one of the Tribunes saide that the iudgement of prouinces was the peoples the whiche people chose Scipio An army was giuen him of ordinarie so many as might supplie the number of the deade and to take as manye confederates as he coulde perswade and to write to Kings and Citties in the people of Romes name as many as he thoughte would send him aide So had he helpe from Cities and Kings He went into Sicilie and from Sicilie to Vtica Calphurnius Piso made war in the land and Mancinus lay at Carthage a parte of the wall he perceiued to be neglected where were rocks that could not be attempted He thinking he shoulde not be perceyued prepared hys ladders to get the wall He did so and some of the souldiours went to it boldely The Carthaginians séeing them so fewe despised them and set open the gates that goe to the rockes and ranne vppon the Romanes And the Romanes driuing them backe and following them ranne into the Citie at the gate with them Then making a crie of victorie Mancinus leaping for ioy and in other things rashe and light with the other multitude leauing their Shippes ranne to the wall halfe armed and naked The Sunne nowe being ready to set they tooke a forte before the wall and rested And Mancinus wanting victuall sente to Piso and the rulers of Vtica to helpe him in his daunger and to bring him foode with spéede So was he in daunger least by breake of daye the Carthaginians should throwe him headlong from the rockes Scipio that night came to Vtica and at midnight vnderstanding what Mancinus had written sounded to the battaile sent the messengers to call the seamen of Italie and Vtica He bad the auntients carye victualls into the galleis and deliuered a prisoner of Carthage to go tell them that Scipio was commyng And he sent to Piso horsmen after horsmen to call him awaye with all spéede When the laste watch was come he commaunded to sayle and they to stand right vppe in the decktes to séeme the more to the ennimyes Thus he did Mancinus when the Carthagies early in the morning fel vpon him coÌpassed thrée thousaÌd being naked with only fiue hundred which he had armed being hurte and beaten of them he was driuen into the rockes of the wall Then Scipios Shippes were séen sayling with al force euery where ful of armed souldiors The Carthaginians hearing it by the prisoner did not thinke the contrary and brought the Romanes an helpe vnlooked for The Carthaginians giuing place by little and little Scipio receiued the Romanes that were in danger into hys ships and by and by sent Mansinus to Rome Serranus was come to be his successor in the nauy Scipio encamped not far off Carthage The Carthaginians comming fiue furlougs oute of the towne made a trench against him And to this trencho came to them Asdrubal the Captaine of the army abroad and Bythias Captaine of the horsmen leading sixe thousand footemen and a thousande horsmen practised with time and diligence Scipio perceiuing no order nor good rule among the souldiours but giuen to ydlenesse spoyle and rauine vnder Piso and an other straunge multitude among them that for spoile followed the bolder sorte and ranne wyth them to robbe going without warning where the law of war taketh him for a forsaker of the army that goeth withoute the sound of the Trumpe and what offence they make is imputed to the whole army and the desire of spoile to be occasion of other euils and contention among them Many contemning their felowes for luere made murders hurtes and mischiefe againste the lawes the whiche Scipio considering thinking neuer to ouercome his enimie except he coulde rule hys owne called them by an assemblye and goyng vp to the highe seate thus rebuked them When I was a souldior wyth you vnder Manlius I gaue you experience to witnesse of mine obedience the which now being Generall I require of you hauing power to punishe the disobedieÌt to y vttermost I haue thought it good to warne you You know what you do and what should I speake that I am ashamed of Ye rob rather than make war yea and you scatter not encampe and be like séekers of pray not sâegers of Cities You will liue delicatelye yet being in warre withoute victorie Whereby the enimies power beyond all hope the little tyme that I haue âân away is growne so greate ⪠that by thys negligence my labour is growne the greater The causes if I didde find to be in you I woulde punishe them oute of hand but bycause I impute them to another A âââââforgiue all you haue done till this tune I come not to rob but to conquer not to get mony before victorie but firste to beate mine enimies Goe you al from the army this day that be no souldioures except them that shall haue leaue of me to tarry and they that do go I wil not suffer to come againe till they bring some victuall at for the camp good A time shall be appointed in the which they shal place their things the price of them I the treasorer shall appoint And this he saide to the superfluous But to you that bée my souldiors let one coÌmandement be common to you all in al affaires that is my maner labor For if you follow them you shal
themselues They âidde no greate thing worthye of writing rather like robbers than warriors These things followed after the ouerthrow of Crassus by y which they tooke so gret boldnesse whiche was repressed by Antony Howe Crassus made his voiage against them we thinke it méete to shewe When the day of election of chiefe officers was come there were thrée Competitors of the Consulâhippe Caius Caesar Pompey the Great and Crassus called Marcus. These reiecting Cicero Caââ and other resisters by force gote the office and gaue Caesar flue yeares more to be Lieutenaunt of Fraunce Câssius Pompey casting lottes for the prouinces of Spaine and Syria Spaine fell to Pompey and Syria to Crâssus The lot fell acceptable vnto bothe For the people woulde haue Pompey from the Cittie and Pompey louing his wife was desirous to farrye moste there Crassus shewed openly that he was glad that the lot had so fallen thinking no greater felicitie could hap vnto him than this prouince insomuchas he could not bée quiet but made great auauntes and brags among his friendes otherwise in al his life being a verye smal boaster or setter forth of hymselfe But now beyng puffed and exalted he had not onely an hope to get Parthia to Syria and vp make it the boundes of his Dominion making but a play of that Lucullus dydde agaynste Tigranes or Pompey agaynste Mithridates but also to winne Bactria and Indus and all beyonde the Sea. Yet in the decrée of warre the Parthians were not contained Euery man did feare that Crassus would meddle with it And Caesar wrote letters praysing hys purpose and prouoking hym to the warre But when Atteius the Tribune didde stop his voyage wyth threats and manye consented to him being grieued that anye man shoulde make warre vpon men that had offended nothing but also were in league Crassus was afraide and prayed Pompey to helpe to set him forwarde For great was the peoples opinion of him Notwythstanding when he sawe manye readye to resist and exclame then with a gentle looke countenance he appeased theÌ y they were quiet and suffred them to passe Yet Atteius stopped them first with voice forbidding and protesting not to go Then he commanded the officer to lay hands vpon his body and deteine him which when the other Tribunes would not suffer he lette goe Crassus Atteius ran to the gate and set there a burning harth and as Crassus came with insense and sacrifice he pronounced sharpe execrations horrible calling and naming cruell and strange Gods therwith The Romanes thinke that these curses secret auntient haue such a power as no man can auoide them against whom they be made and that they do naughte that vse them Therfore they be not vsed vnaduisedly nor in manye cases And many blamed Atteius that by this cursing of Crassâs he brought the Cittie into misfortune Crassus for all this wente to Brââdââse the Sea being yet vnnauigable for the winter ⪠and woulde not tarry the tyme but tooke the Sea and loste many Shyppes And receyuing an other power of footemen he ledde them alongest Galatia and finding King ãâ¦ã a very olde manne building of a Cittie he iested saying O King you beginne to builde at twelue of the clocke The King laughing saide And you O Gen ãâ¦ã as I can see goe not againste the Parthians very early ⪠For Crassus was thréescore years of age when he went and older to sée to than he was indéede Marching forth matters at the firste tell ââte according to his hope For easilye hée made a bridge ouer Euphrates and conueyed ouer his armye safely and got many Citties in Mesopotamia by yéelding vnto hym In one of them Appollonius was Tyranne who had slaine one hundred souldiors He brought his power thither and wanne it tooke the money and solde the men The Gréekes call the Cittie Zenodotium By taking of this he woulde néedes be called Imperator of his souldioures which caused muche discredite vnto him and was the lesse estéemed as one that distrusted of any greate victorie taking occasion of so little matter He sette garrisons in the Citties that were taken the number whereof was seauen thousande footemenne and one thousande horse And hée went into Syria to winter where hys son came to him from Caesar oute of Fraunce rewarded wyth the greate honoures of a souldioure bringing one thousande picked horsemen And this was the firste great error of Crassus after the greate offence of leading his armye that where he oughte to haue gone to Babilon and Seleucia Citties euer ennimies to the Parthians hée gaue the ennimies time to prepare themselues His tarrying in Syria was blamed béeyng rather lyke a receyuer of Rentes than a Captayne of Souldioures He did not searche the number of his souldiors nor vse them with exercises but he gathered the reuenues of Cities and spent many dayes in waying and peysing the Goddes money in the holy Citie appointyng Cities and Princes to finde him souldiors and after sending them awaye againe for mony whereby he came into contempt and disdayne The first token he had of this Goddesse which some call Venus some Iunâ some name âir Nature the beginning and séede to al things ministring cause by moisture for going onte of the Temple firste yong Crassus fell at the doores Then the olde man fell vppon hym Nowe gathering his power from the ãâ¦ã places Embassadors came to him from Arsaces with a brrefe speach for thus he saide If the army were sent against them of the Romanes the warre was made contrary to the league and neuer woulde ende But if he without authoritie of hys countrey and for hys owne gaine as they hearde did come in armes againste the Parthians and take their lande Arsaces woulde temper hymself and pitie Crassus age and let the Romanes go that were rather like a garrison than an army Crassus swelling at this âayde he woulde make an answere at Seleucide Then the most auntient of the Embassadours Vagise she wing the bare palme of his hollowe hand said Sooner shall hairs grow here than thou shalt sée Seleucia Thus he boldâlye spake signifying that Orodes must first be ouercome They âf the Romane garrisons in the Cities of Mesopotamia escaping with muche danger did tell fearefull matter that they sawe the multitude of their enimies and their exercises howe they hadde fortified their Citties and some of purpose tellâng all things to the vttermost that they were vârâ suâtable when they caine to ââghâ and vnrecouerable when they fled Their arrowes âââââte woulde preuent the sight and before they coulde sée the shooter he woulde be at hande to strike them thorowo The men of armes beate downe all afore them and coulde not be resisted When the army hearde this they began to faint thinking the Parthians had differed nothing from the Arnâânians or Cappodocians whome Lucuâlus ouercame
and if Pine would holde the other Region of Agron hée myghte vse the Romanes friendshippe if he woulde refraine from the reste nor the Illyrians shoulde go to the Essians but with two boats and them vnarmed all the whiche they admitted And this was the firste doings of the Romanes and the Illyrians after the which they gaue libertie to Corcyra and Appolonia They gaue also rewardes to Demetrius for his reuolting yet dâspiââng his infidelitie that came from him afterwarde For the Romanes contending thrée yeares with the Celtians aboute the floude Eridanus Demetrius not nowe passing of the Romanes bycause they were troubled with warre gote Histria an other nation of Illyria and compelled the Atintanes to reuolte from the Romanes When the Romanes had made an end with the Celtians they went by and by into Illyria and tooke the robbers that had ioined themselues with Demetrius and the other Illyrians And they killed Demetrius that fledde vnto Philippe of Macedonie and retourned wyth an Nauye and spoiled the Gulfe of Ionia and vtterlye ouerthrewe his Countrey Pharus conspiring with hym and ãâã and pardoned the other Illyrians that dydde agrée with Pine. This was the seconde warre and truce with the Illyrians The reste be described of me not in order and time but by the nations as I haue found them The Romanes inuaded Macedonie when Perseus raigned after Philippe Gentius an other king of Illyria allured with mony ioyned with Perseus stirred the Illyrians against the Romanes and didde caste the Romane Embassadoures into prison alleadging that they came not as Embassadoures but as espialls Wherefore Anitius the Romane Lieutenaunt tooke diuers of Gentius shippes and inuading the lande ouercame hym when he hadde shutte him in a place and he asked forgiuenesse he counsailed him to yéelde to the Romanes he desired thrée dayes respite which being granted and in the meane time his subiects forsaking him he desired he might come to Anitius Whyche when he did he knéeled on his knees with great shame and spake for himselfe The Romane President tooke him by the hand and badde him be of good chéere and tooke him to a banquet from the whiche as he was going he was taken and made prisoner and carried to Rome in triumphe with his sonne This warre of Gentius was finished in twentie dayes Aâmilius Paulus that tooke Perseus and sente hym to Rome spoiled lxx of his Citties after this sorte Going priuily to Rome with great spéede and returning he promised the people forgiuenesse if they woulde bring in all their golde and siluer They agréeing to it he brought parte of his armye to euerye Cittie then commaunding the Captaines of the army at a daye in the morning to charge the Citizens by Trumpet that they shoulde bring all their golde and siluer within thrée houres space whiche béeing done he gaue the reste to his souldioures for spoile So Paulus in one houre spoiled .lxx. Cities The Aââeans and Palerians an other nation of the Illyrians inuaded that part that the Romanes held to whom the Romanes for other lettes sente Embassadors to affray them They would not obey wherfore the Romanes sent an army against theÌ of 10000. footemen and ⪠600 ⪠horsemen They not being readye sente Embassadoures to aske pardon for their offences The Senate commaunded them to recompence them whome they had miâried the whiche thing when they lefte vndone Fuluius Flaccus goeth against them with a great armye The warre consisted in Rhodes and was not fully ended Sempronius Tuditanus and Tiberius Pandusius ouercame the Iapodes within the Alpes Likewise the Segestanes did yéelde to Lucius Cotta and Metellus all the whiche shortely aâter forsooke the Romanes The Dalmatians an other nation of the Illyrians inuaded them that obeyed the Romanes and woulde not admitte the Romane Embassadoures that came to them for that purpose wherfore I thinke the Romanes made warre vppon them when M. âigulus was Consul As soone as Figulus cante they set vpon the former and droue them from the army into the fielde so as they fledde to the floude Narâ and then they retyred for Winter was at hande Figulus then thinking he might of the sodaine disperse them he droue them all from their places till he came to the Citie of Delminium whereof the Dalmatians haue their name And where he coulde doe nothing against that Citie of the sodaine nor raise engines for the heigth of the wall he went abroade againe all being destitute and vnfurnished For the wasting aboute Delminium he made certaine pearches of two cubites long laide ouer with pitch sulpher and towe and with his slings threwe them into Delminium the which being fyred by the violence and like lamps fléeing in the aire did set on fire whatsoeuer they touched so as many were consumed by fire Wherof ended the war of Figulus In time following Cecilius Metellus being Consul when the Illyrians had offended nothing he woulde néedes make warre to triumphe of them of whome being receiued friendly and remayning in Salon their Cittie that winter he triumphed of nothing Caesar when he made warre vppon the Celtians the Dalmatians flourished and tooke a Citie from the other Illyrians called Promonâ which belonged to the Lyburnians The Lyburnians gaue themselues to the Romanes fled to Caesar Caesar sent Embassadors to them exhorting them to restore âomânâ to the Lyburnians They despâsing it he sent an army which was ouerthrown of y IllyriaÌs ⪠Caesar being occupied with other cares the sedition of Pompey folowing did nothing to them but sayled with his whole armye in a contrary tempest to try the matter with Pompey in Macedonia The rest of the army Antonie brought to Caesar by Macedonia Then in a gret tempest Gabinius assayed to being to Caesar xl bands of footmen .iij. M. horsmen by Illyria whom the Illyrians for feare of that he had done thinking the victorie of Caesar would be their confusion resisted Gabinius slew al saue a fewe y fled with him got a great deale of money infinite spoile Caesar dissembled at thys for the necessitie of the war with Pompey When Pompey was ouercome Caesar went about to dispatch al the rest he returned to Rome determined a war againste y Gâtes the Parthians When the Illyrians heard of this and feared that Caesar would take them in his way to Parthia they sent Embassadors to Rome to aske pardon of their faultes and extolled the worthie nation of the Illyrians and would become friendes Caesar being minded to go against the Parthians answered them sharpely that he would not haue them for friendes that had vsed him so vnfriendly yet he woulde spare them if they woulde paye tribute and pledges They promising bothe hée sente Atinius to them with thrée legions and a great band of horsemen to take pledges and small tributes When Caesar was dead they thought that the power
of Rome would die with him so refused to obey Atinius neither paying tribute nor giuing hostages Atinius seÌding .v. bands against them they ouercame them and their leader Bebius a Senatour Atinius with the reste fledde to Epidamno Then the Senate appointed to M. Brutus and C. Cassius that killed Caesar Macedonia and Illyria with Syria So they making warre wyth Antonie Caesar that was called Augustus the Illyrians had no quietnesse The Paeones a gret nation inhabiting alongst Hister stretcheth from the Iaepodans to the Dardones They are called Paeones of the Grecians and of the Romanes Pannonians and of them as wée haue sayde they bee called parte of the Illyrianâ of the which now I will speake somewhat béeyng about to shew the Illyrian state They glorie much in the Agrians which were Macedonians comming out of Paeonia did great seruice vnder Philip Alexander And after Cornelius was ouerthrowne of theÌ with al his army the fame of the Paeonians waxed very gret made Italie afraide Therfore of a long time after the Consulls woulde not take vppon them to warre with the Paeonians And these great things haue I founde of the Illyrians But in Caesars Commentaries that was called Augustus I finde no auntient matter of the Paeonians It should seeme there was an other part of Illyria that did obey the Romanes but what the name was I can not tel For Augustus didde not write other mens actes but his owne howe he brought them that reuolted from the Empyre to Tributes and ouercame other that liued vnder their own laws and lastely how he conquered the barbarous nations that dwell in the heigth of the Mountaines that were nexte Italie and vsed by stealth to molest it And surely I maruell that so manye armies passing from Rome ouer the Alpes did contemne these nations For Caius Caesar so happy a man in warre and leading so manye armies againste the Celtes and Iberians did likewise little passe of these nations when he lay euery Winter not far from them by the space of tenne yeares But I thinke these menne making haste onely to that they purchased did care for no more but for passage ouer the Alpes C. Caesar being long about Celtica thought it ynough to end that the ciuill warre of Pompey calling him from the rest And where he séemed to chose both Celtica and Illyria he tooke rule not of all but of them that belonged to the Romanes But Caesar Augustus got al when he accused the ydlenes of Antonie to the Senate he shewed how he had made the fierce nation of the Illyrians so oft rebelling tame he subdued with great experience the Oxeans Perthenetans Bathiates Taulantians Cambians Cinambrans Merromenâns and Prisseans And theÌ that rebelled which were the Docleatans Carinians Interfrurians Narisians Clintidions the Taurisâans which he compelled to pay their tributes after they had denied them the whiche being ouercome the nexte that is Ippâsinans and Bessians for feare did yéelde vnto him And hee ouercame the Corcyrians Melitinans with greate fight by sea bicause they were rouers on the sea The children he killed the other hée solde And tooke the shippes from the Liburnians bicause they also robbed on the sea Of the Iapodans that dwel within the Alpes the Moentines and Aedeatians yeelded to him when he came The Aurupians whiche were many and warlike of the Iapodan kind went oute of the countries into their Cittie and when he came they lurked in wooddes He tooke their Citie but would not set it afyre thinking they would yéeld to him at length Which beeing done he gaue them their citie to inhabite Of al other the Salassans and Iapodans that dwell beyonde the Alpes made him to haue moste to do with whom the Segestanes Dalmatians Daisians and Paeonans ioyned They kéepe the toppes of the hilles that bée mountaines vnpassable an harde and narrowe way leading to them by truste whereof they liue of themselues and take toll of them that passe Veterus comming sodainelye vppon them gote the straightes of the place by policie and besieged them twoo yeares They wanting salte wherof they had most néed receiued garrisons After rebelling from Veterus and casting down the desences they got the streights and laughed at them that Caesar sent bicause they could do little against them Therefore Caesar beginning warre against Antonie lette them liue as they woulde and forgaue them that molested them that obeyed the Romanes till Messala Coruinus sent of Caesar to subdue them ouercame them by famine And so the Salassians came into the Romanes power The Iapodans that inhabite beyond the Alpes a most fierce nation and almoste wilde didde reiecte the Romanes twice in .xx. yeares and raânged to Aquileia and spoyled the Romanes land called Torgius When Caesar wente againste them they were the more fierce agaynste hym and cut down wood to stop him And when Caesar went to an other wood they fled and as he followed they layde traines for him Caesar suspecting it sent some of hys to the toppes of the hilles to sette vppon them on bothe sides He comming easly and cutting the wooddes they sodainely appeared from the traines and hurte many But when the other were come from the toppes they were destroyed The reste flodde into the wooddes againe leauing their Citie whose name was Terponus Caesar tooke it but did not burne it neither thinking they also woulde render as they didde Then he went to an other Cittie whiche they call Metulio which is the chiefe City of the Iapodans It is scituate vppon two hilles in a wooddy place betwéene the whiche a little valley goeth And the youth to the number of thrée thousande well practised in armes did easily repell the Romanes from the walles The Romanes set vppon a mounte the whiche they within and the other withoute runnyng daye and nighte didde muche hinder hauyng some engines whyche they hadde gotten in the warre whereby they made the Romaynes to lye further off For they hadde gotten theyr engines in that place where Brutus foughte with Caesar and Antonie But when the Romanes hadde beaten downe parte of theyr walles they made fortes within and when they were wearye they leapt into them that they had nowe made The Romanes taking the wall that they hadde lefte burned it and sette two mountes against the other from the whiche they made also foure bridges to the walles When all was readye Caesar badde some goe to the other side of the Citie to drawe the Citizens asunder and willed the other to goe vppon them on the bridges and he stoode and looked vppon an highe Tower what was done The Barbarians came to resiste them that gaue the assaulte at the wall The other laying traynes behinde beating the bridges with their long speares waxed more fierce And when two of the bridges were broken and the thirde lyke to fall the Romanes were
giuen to Seleucus 155. 164 NicephoriuÌ takeÌ desaced 3. Nicopolis 166. 70 Nicomedes against his father 4 beginneth vvarre 7. fleeth 12 Nonius refuseth to svveare 35 Nâdââ fleeth 43 Numidians of long life 208 Numantines kill the Romanes 114. 115 Numantines kill themselues 126 Numidians victorie 210 O. OBstinacie of the Aslapians â1 Oboââa taken 110 Ocile pardoned â9 Octauius killed 160 Olcabas forsaketh Lucullus 47 Oppius deliuered by the Laodicians 13 Oracle of Seleucus death 1â3 Oracle of Annibals death â34 Order of Anniball 192 Order of Scipio 1â3 Oraces King of Albania 62 Orodes 25â 256. â70 Order of the Romanes 276 Order of the Romanes affrayeth the Parthians 272. Oration of âsâââlââll 1â7 Oration of Hâââo 216 Oration of Auarus 125 Oration of Pelopides 8 Ornaments of a thousand talents spoyled by Pytats at Samothracia 3â Oration of Mithridates 4â Ostaâes vvonne by Attalus 104 Ostraâa taken 99 P. PAlladium ymage of Minerua 3 Parthian King craftie 52 Parthians deceyue Crassus 256. 264 Parthians spighteth Crassus 267 267 Parthians deceyue Antonie 267. 268 Passion pitifull of Carthagies 215. 216 Parthians manner in vvarre 258. 259 Pacorus killed of Ventidius 2â9 Pallantia âââ 10â Paphlagonia inuaded of Mithridates 1. 34 Pallantines ouerthrovv the Romanes 11â Pannonians Paeonians 288. 202 Paphlagonia giuen by Sertorius 4â Paulus Aemilius ouerthrovveth Perseus 286 Parthia inuaded by Antiochus 129 Pausimachus deceyued by Polyxenides 144 Peace made vvith Carthage 188. 77 Peace vvith Mithridates 3â Pergameneans vse crueltie 14 Perpenna 12â Pergamenians covvardes 1â5 People of the Cities tumultuous 191. 197. 20â â25 207. Peace broken vvith the Numantines âââ Peace broken vvith Viriatus 11â Perdiccas ruleth after Alexander 6 Pharnaces against his father 66. 7â Phanagorea 65. 69 Phraartes 271. â7â Phalaux of Macedonia â40 144. 15â Phameas yeeldeth and iâ revvarded 2â2 2â3 Philip cleaâeth to the Romanes 138. 13â Philip of Megalopolis prisoner 1ââ Philetenâe buyeth a dead body 17â Philip is gratifyed 141 14â Philosophers Tyrannes 17 Philoctetes monument 4â Pâaenix forsaketh Mithridates 47 Pharnaces getteth Phanagorea 7â Phares a Countrey ouerthrovven 285 Pitifull state of the Romanes 263 Pine committed to his stepmother 285 Platte of Citie destroyed by VValles 24â Pompey his diligence 55. his iustice ââ Pompey defaceth Hierusalem 63 Pompey dealeth streightly vvith Antiochus 64. viââteth the monument of Argonantes 62. appoynteth Kings 70. buyldeth Cities 70. ââ a pleaser of his vvile 250 Policie of Augustus 2â0 Policie of Figulus 28â Policie of Paul. ââmilius 286 Popilius to Antiochus 17â Polibius 249 Povver of Mithridates â 10. ââ Policie of the Iberians 76 Poliphânius and his race 282 Poyson that Princes can not auoyde 68 Pray of Sagunti sent to Rome 86 Pray of Nergobugo giuen to the Souldiors 100 Pray of Spayne allieth the Carthagies 76 Prometheus monument visited of Pompey 6â Promona taken from Liburnians Prusias deceyueth the Romanes 3 Prusias recompenceth Attalus 3 Prusias practiseth to kill his sonne 3 Prusias is killed 5 Princely vvord of a King. 47 Pâolomenâ called King. 164 Pusillanâmutie of Hamunus 135 Punââhment of rebellious Souldy oures â2 Pyrisseans of Illyria subdued 280 Pyrenec Mountaynes â4 Pygnâlcon Tyâant of Tyrnâ 174 Q. QVintus Fabius against Viriatus 108 Quintus Fulutus Nobilis 116 Quintus Pompey 114. 115 Qââkâ saying of Casâius 264 Quicke saying of Tigâanes 51 Quickâ sâying of Dââoââââs 251 Quicke saying of Câasâus 251 Quicke saying of Vergises Qu Sophoâisha dyeth of poyson vvillingly 187 Qu. Nâonima dyeth by commaundemente 40 Qu. Lâodice killed by Prolomie Philadelph 171 Qu. Cleopâtra of Syria killed by his sonnâ Qu. Oppius taken of Mithridates 13 Qu. ââpâo breaketh pâace 110 Qu. F. Mâximus Aemillanus against Viriate 109 Qu. F. Nobilia against the Sogodanâs 97 Qu. Pompeâus against Viriate 110. 114 Qu. Sertorius styâreth Spayne 1â8 R. RAshnesse of Gallus 275 Regulus taken 175 Report 252 Renoltâng people punished 36 Regions imâaded oâ Mithridates 1 Rhodians valâantnesse 15 16 Rhodians made fâllovves of Rome 36 Rhodians ioyne vvith the Romanes 144 Rhodians revvarded at Rome 150 Rhodes beseeged of Mithridates 15 Ritogenes act at Nuâantia 124 Romane Name saued 185 Romanes partiall 206. 207. 20â Romanes sâketh occasiâ against Carthage 210. 211 Romanes in vvhat ioy 247 Romanes ouârcome 12 Romanes iniured in Asia 14 Romanes hated 15 Romanes flee 48 Romanes falle to spoyle 40 Romanes resrayne from spoyle 5â Romanes hate Mithridates 5â Romanes reâoyce at the death of Mithridates 6â Romanes defiance of the Carthâgies 80 Romanes courage encreaseth in perils 84 Romanes killed at Delos 135 Românes âlayne 275 Romanes disordred 2ââ Romanes fall into diseasâs 280 Rommes a frayde of Pââonians 280 Ruffuâ is holpân of Scipio 121 S. SAcrificâ to lightning 166 Sacrifice to boldnesse and seare 183 Sacrifiâes signifying sâââ 187 Sacrifice of a blacke ãâã 44 Sacrifice of Kingâ 3â Sambâca an ãâã 1â Saâââo the Countâey of Fraâce â3 Sââunt destââved by Aââiball 80 Sagunt râcoueâed by Scâpio 8â Salaââi trouble Auguââus â00 Saââus and Samothraciâ taken of Pyrates 27 Saâgaââus the floud vvhere Manâus pasâed 12 Saâus slovveth into Hister 203 Scâptons tvvo bâeethâen killed in Spayne 82 Scâpâo accompted rash 83 Scâpio âhevveth modestic 83 Scipio getteth nevv Caâthage Scipio seemeth to vvorke by inspiration 87 Scipio senere 127 Scipio killeth hand to hand 102 Scipio reformeth the Camp at Carthage 236 Scipio is made Consull before his tuâe 134. 135 Scipio sent vvith his brother into Asia 143 Scipio is mâde orderer of MaisâcluldreÌ 230. 23â Scipio is stenderly set forth 177 Scipio is accused â56 Scipio killeth not spyes 1â1 Scipio saneth Romanes 226. 227. 228. 229 Scipio reformeth the Campe at Numanââa and getteth the Citie 11â 121. 122. 123 Scipio beholdeth the fight betvveene Massânissa and the Carthagâes 209 Scipio is made arbâtrer betvveene them 209 Scipio conteâneth his accusers 150 Scoroba bounds of Cappadocia Pontus 12 Scordisââans ouerthrovven by L. Scipio 284 Scythians aydeth Mithridates 61 Sextus shutteth Manceus vp 51 Sedition at Rome for vvant 248 Seleucidans reigne hovv long 173 Segeda cause of Rebellton in Spayne 96 Semella sharply handled of Aeâillianus 110 Senate of Nucena choked in a bath 203 Senate of Acerra buried quicke 203 Seâtorius 40. 12â Seleucus of greate dominion 164. Tokens of hys prosperitiâ 165. lus stature 166. his building of Cities 166 Seleâcia at Tigris vvhat hapned 166 Seleâcus giueth his vviâe to his sonne 160 Seleucus is trayterousely killed 170 Seleucus sonne to Antâochus killed 150 Seleucus buried in a Schole house 173 Sânce sayleth in calânutiâ 147 Sence of hearing soonest troubled 258 Sea occasion of offence 210 Serpents vsed in medicine 53 Sâleucules the royall house of Syria 173 Segestanes valiânt 203 Ships buâned in Syria 160 Sharp speech to Crassus 252 Sicelâe recouered by the Romanes 1. 2 Signâ to help one another by Scipio 123 Sââenes seâte at Carthage 241 Sinoâegâa a rich Castell of Mithâldaâes 60 Sicknesse strange in the Romanes host 27â Sââthanâ restoâed by Scâpio of the goodes thât the Carthâgâes hâd taken from
them 24â Sââneâs resiââ Antâoâhuâ 12â Soâovvâull verse reââarsed of Scipio 240 Souldyoâes fight taken by lotte â0 Sophonisbâ 186. 187 Sobodacas accused by Olcabas 47 Socâates condemned 156 Soter Demetrius 160 Sostus prospereth in Syria 270 Socrates Chrâstus inuadeth Bythânia 7 Southsayer to Aââonâe 269 Spirituall state of Comagena 73 Spight of the Parthâans 267 Stratonice conâubiuâ priuie to treasure 64 Stratonica Queene 1â7 64 Streight interpretation of fight 64 Sâreames of gold 62 Suba reuolteth from Massanissa 208 Suspitions betvveene the Roma Antioch 1â0 Supplications at Rome for victorie against Antioâhus 14â Superstition of the Romanes 250 Suraenas subtill 255. 258 Suspition betvveene Massinissa the Roma 223 Surer life by land than by Sea. 2â0 Syphax goeth from the Camp. 180 Syphax practiseth peace 181 Syphax practiseth to kill Massinissa 185 Syphax is taken of Maâsinissa 185 Syphax is vvell vsed of Scipio 186 Syphax dyeth at Rome 187 Syria ruled by Prolomeus 163 Syria hovv it can â to the Romanes 163 T. TAlke of Anniball and Scipio 192 134 Talke of peace 3. 33 Tantalus Captayne yeeldeth 113 Tanginus a âaptayne of manly thââues 115 Tâgus floud passed by Lucullus 100 Taâtesâus the place of Argonthonius 74 Taulentians subdued by Augustus 28â Tanuscians of Illyria subdued by Augustus 28â Tauâus the hill pasâed of Pompey 6â Telling of truth punished 50 Teâmantineâ distresse the Romanes Temples robbed 38. 243 Tempest destroyeth Romanâ Shippes 30 Tempest destroyeth Mithridates nauie 46 Temples turned into Shoppes at Carthage 223 Terentius Varro ouerthrovven of the Portugalles 103 Tentinus Captayne of D âmatiânâ 294. 205 Tetrarches of Gâlitia euiââ vsed c. 26 Themiscinans strange figââ 46 Thebes âenolteth oât 18 Thââmopylâ ââ9 14â Themistoâles compared vvith Monââus 1ââ Thessaââ cased of enâmâes 1â8 Thââuâtes tâken of Syphâx 1â2 Thâu nedde vnto by Aââiball 1â6 Tâbeââus Pandusius 28â Tââothâus Plusâââa 54 Tââeâsuâ 20â Emperoure of Rome Tigraneâ speech of Lucullus army 5â Tigâanes inuadeth Cappadocia 40 Tigranes vvill not see Mithridates 40 Tigranes killeth tvvo of his sonnes 63 Tigranes submitteth to Pompey Tigranocerta 50 Tiâhâunta part of Thermopyle 130 Tithians helpe the Romanes and be iniured of Lucullus 107. 100 Torgââs Captayne of the Iapodians 200 Treâlinâ of Mithridates hevvrayed 64 Tragedies vvritten by Artabazes King. 26â Triballi people of Illyria 282 Tributes for âue yeares vpon Asia 37 Tryphon vsin per of Syria killed 172 Trallians vse the Romanes cruelly 14 Treason greatest poyson of Princes 68 Trianus ouerthrovven 53 Troy cruelly vsed of Embria 31 Triumph of Pompey â1 Triumph of Scipio 205 Triumph of Scipio 248 Triumph of Augustus 206 Triumph of Antony vnpleasaunt 281 Triumph priuiledged Tumult in Carthage 207 Tysca a place conteyning fiftie Cities 206 Tygranes of Syria expelled by Antony 270 V. VAliantnesse of the Grekes at Tigranocerta 52 Vargunteius and foure bands killed 263 Valiantnesse better than number 94. 102 Valiantnesse and daunger of Augustus 291. 292 Valiantnesse of tvventie souldyoures 20â VacceaÌs ouercome by Metellus Scipio 114. 1â1 Varius a Captayne sente from Sertorius to Mithridates is killed of Lucullus 46 Vagises sharp aunsvvere to Crassus 25â Vertu in Souldyoures better than number 102 Vertue of Crassus shevved in daunger 161. 266 Versus valiant Captaine of the Dalmatians 244 Vermiâa Syphax sonne aydeth Anniball 189 Vettiluts slayne by Viriatus 107 Veterus a Captayne of Augustus scorned resisted of the Salâsians 2â0 and be pardoned Ventidius prospereth in Parthia 260. 270 Veâus Temple spoyled Antiochus perisheth 1â2 Victorie of Manius 140. 141 Victories of Mithridates 12. 48. 3â 5â Victorie of Sylla 2â 25 Victorie of Lucullus 46. 48. 5â Victoriâ of Pompey 5â Victorie of Lâuiuâ by ca. 142 Victorie of Lucullus by Sea. 146 Victorie of Domitius 152 Victorie of Manlius 157 Victorie of Martius 90 Victorie of Flaccus ⪠95 Victorie of Cato 95 Victorie of Scipio 93. 88. 190. 196. 180. Vision feareth Mithridates 17 Vision of Caesar 248 Viriatus valian Captayne 105. 106. 107 108 Viriatus shevveth himselfe noble 110 Viriatus is killed by treason 112 Villages 400 destroyed by Muâaena 38 Vovv made to destroy Carthage 210. 207 Vovv made not to reedifie Carthage 247 Volso giueth oth to Antiochus cuâbassadors 155 Vtica forsaken of Scipio 188 Vtica revvarded vvith Carthagles land 248 Vtica resisteth Scipio 188. is yeelded 211 VV. VVAnt of Salte 290. 501 2â0 VVater Venemous 2â8 VVarre vvithout Proclamation 211 VVant of treasure in Rome 11 VVhat brought the state of Rome to the rule of one 284 VVise of Asdruball bold 240 VVinter and hunger tvvo great enimies 273 VViles layde against Pompey 62 VViles of Pompey against Mithridates 59 VViles layde for Veââlius â07 VViles of the Parâlisans discouered 258 VVlues of Mithrida commanded to be killed 49 VVind extreame breaketh the fight 52 VVise of the father giuen to the Sonne 169 VViues taken out of time 139. 13 VVisedome of Scipio 227. 182 â2 VVilsuln âââ of vvomen of Metulio 2â2 VVords of Scipio at the taking of Carthage 249 VVomen valiant 62. 111. 80. 62 VVords of Scipio 238. 23â 240 VVodde burned vvith Barbarians â2 VVoddes burned by Auguslus 2â5 230 VVonder at Rome at the nevves of the taking of Carthage 217 X. XAntippus 157. ouerthrovveth the Romanes Xenophon and his tenne thousand 277 Xerxes 139 Xiphares killed of his father 64 Xoras 154 Xolla victualleth the Romanes 223 Y. YOng Crassus pitifully killed 261 Z ZAcinthians auncesters to Sagunt 77 Zama vvhere Scipio fought first vvith Anniball 190 Zenodotia vvonne by Crassus 251 Zenobius spoyleth the Chians 27 Zenobius killed by the Epheliansâ 27 Zeuxis Captayne of Antiochus 150 FINIS * The reuerend father in God T. C. Bishop of Lincolne in his booke entituled Thesaurus linguae Latinae Britannicae Foure causes ââ of discorde among the Romaines Holy Hââ dedicate to âupiter three myles beyond Rome ouer the riuer Aniene novv Tiberone Creation of the Tribune of the people Volscians people betvvene Hostiâ and Circeiâ M. Coriolanus the first that rose against his countrey his name vvas C. Martius bycause the Citie of Coriolie belonging to the Volscians vvas vvonne chiefly by his meane he bare the name of the city The Romaines had their proper names as Caius Quintus or Marcus the name of their house as Martius Valerius Tullius and of some fact or figure as Publicola Coriolinus Affricanus * Capitol an Hâ vvhere vvas the chiefe palace and temple so called of a mans heade that vvas found It vvas begunne of Tarquinius Prâscus finished by Tarquinius Superbus but not dedicated In the foundation Tarquinius spente xl M. lâ vvaight of silver M Horatius the secoÌde consul in Brutus place did dedicate it It vvas burned in Sylla his time and buâlded againe and dedicated by Caâullus Sylla being deade Then vvas it burned in Vââellius time and restored by Vâspatian and also after his death it vvas burned againe and his sonne Doânicianâ builded it and dedicated it and made it so suniptuous in guilding and trimming of it is he spente
aboue xij Mâtalentes vpon it nor for no great holynesse but for his pleasure for his Galieries and his banquetting houses passed thys Dictator vvas he that ruled alone yet at the battell he might not be on horsebacke Caesar conquered Fraunce passed the floud âeââ and sayled into England Caesar offreth conditions The place vvâ called âharsalia from the vvhich Pompey fled into Egypt vvhere he vvas killed of the yong Kings Counsellers Pompey for hys valiantnesse had the name of Megnus that is Great giuen vnto him Brutus Casâius These attendures the Romaines called proscriptions vvhen a decree vvas vvritten to coÌdenme a man vvithout aunsvvere and kiâ him vvithout lavv âepidâs Antonius Octauâtes * Actâo a place in âpirâ The Gulfe of Ionia is from Brunâusia to Mont Gargone the rest is called the Gulfe of Venice Egypt Augustus is a name by the vvhich the Romaines did cal their holy things 25. Augusta temple Auguriâm and vvhatsoeuer Iupiter encreaseth by hys mightie povver The Senate did consult to cal him Roââdus but this name semed more holy and reuerent that vvhiles hee vvas aliue hee might be conseârated as a god The order of the story vvhiche is left out in the Italian translation VVhen Caesar Octauian had ouercome Antony and Cleopatra made Egipt a prouince to the Empire of Rome he made one Cornelius Gallus lieftenant there and in token of the Conquering of that countrey firste by him hee coyned a money in the vvhiche vvas the picture of a Crocodile vvhich is there only to be seene in the floud Nilus chayned to a palme tree trees of Palmes laide ouer him vvith an inscription Col. Nem. that is Câlligauit Nemo signifiyng that hee triumphed of Egipt sprinkling it vvith deavv instead of rayne of vvhich there is none It vvas 500. yeares before the Romaines could conquere Italy This manner of inhabitants they called Colonies vvhich vvere taken by lot as the Greeke vvorde expresseth vvhich is ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã The Romaines order for inhabiting the grouÌd The Romaines make account of the Italian nation Increase of slaues Decay of Italians This vvas called Lex Liciniâ An Acre vvas so much ground as a payre of Oâen could arie in a day the measure vvhereof 240. foote in length a 120. in breadth The measure of a foote vvas 4. handes and one hand vvas foure fingers and the measure of a singer according to Geometry three barely cornes This is added ãâã the Italian translation Thys Gracchus vvas sent Pretor to Numantia vvhere the CoÌsul Mancinus vvas ouerthrovvne and seking for peace the Numantines vvould graunt none excepte Gracchus vvere sent to theÌ vvhiche being done a peace vvas made the vvhiche the Senate did not approue though xx M. Citizens vvere saued thereby beside the slaues and rascals in so much as the consul vvas sent thither againe naked bounde but Gracchus the people praysed that had saued so many CitizeÌs vpon vvhich occasion he became an enemye to the Senate and a friend to the people * * * A Syrian slaue in Sicelie after a mad sorte raging vvith a desire to make rebellion pretended a religion of doing honor to the goddesse of Syria and called bondemen to libertie and armes and that he might seeme to do that by the vvil of God he held a nutte in his mouth stuffed vvyth Sulphure and fire the vvhich vvhen he spake did cast forth flames * * * The olde Romaines did bury in their possessioÌs and it vvas long after Christ ere meÌ vvere buried in sacred places The poore offended The Latin translation of P. Candidus and the Italian differeth from the Greeke Gracchus talke M. Octauius reâisteth the lavve Gracchus to the Senate * * * The vvord signifyeth the great men or â streight Fiue and thirtie companies ââ Rome Gracchus excuseth himselfe of the depriuation of his fellovv Octauius depriâed Q. Mummius chosen Lavv of landes Officers for the lavv Appius Claudius ⪠Gracchus labours the people Doubt in theÌ election Tumult bâ Gracchus Temple of Fayth Dictator Chiefe Bishop P. Scipio Nafica Superstition The fray Gracchus slayne vvho vvas a gentle curteous man sober and eloquent vvith modestie First Sedition ãâ¦ã vvas a base sonne to Lumenes by a vvench of Ephesus that vvas a Minstreâs daughter Aâââââs sonne to Luâenes made his Testament after this soâe Populus Romanus honorum mâorum haeres esto The Romaines stayed the prouince of Pergamo Aristonicus as heyre to his father inuaded it and killed Licinius Gracchus that vvas sent against him Then M. Perpenna ouerthrevv him at Strââonicâ and vvas killed in prison by the Senates commaundement â Flaccus P. Carbo Proclamation The Italians sueth to Scipio Scipio Tuditanus The Illirians novv Slaâonianâ ⪠The people of Rome against Scipio Sempronia and Cornelia suspected of Scipios death This vvas Scipio Iunior Africanus nephevv to Scipio Affricanus that ouerthrevv Anniball Seruauntes confession Ingratitude Freedome of the Citie Fuluius Flaccus Caius Gracchus the seconde Tribune Distribution A lavv for the Tribunes benefite Gentlemen Equites The next degree to the Senators after the order of the Athânians vvhen they vvere able to find an horse ⪠Iudgements of corruption Cornelius Cotta Salinator made the toll of salt Manius Acilius ouercame Antiochus Corruption Translation of Iudgements Crueltie of the Gentlemen Gracchus maketh ââvv vvayes Gracchus giueth voyce in elections Liuius Drusus The Senates deuice to ouerthrovv the lavves Gracchus sayleth into Afrike Colonie An inhabitance vvhere Carthage vvas Inhabitance reuoked Attilius Attilius killed Gracchus acte detested L. Opimius Auentine vvas one of the seauen hâls of Rome Second seditioÌ The vvoodden bridge vvas at that part of Tiber that goeth to the hill Ianiculo Gracchus and Fuluius slayne This Gracchus vvas very eloquent but so vehement as he vvould moue vp and dovvne and cast his Govvne off hys shoulders Purgation of the Citie Temple of Concorde Lavv to sell lande Diuision by money Sp. Borius A Theatre vvas a place of Playes to bee seene of the people and it vvas round sauing in one place An Ampââtheatre vvas round euerye vvhere Sometime the Theatres serued for the people to learne OratioÌs Q. Metellus Censor This Nonius of other is called Memmius and Mumius Nonius killed In this matter this Author sees meth to varie from other Metellus C. Marius vvas an enimie to the nobilitie and a laborers sonne voyde of learning and rude in manners yet so good a Souldiour as vvhen Scipio vnder vvhome he serued in Spayne vvas asked vvhome hee thought meete to be generall after him hee clapped Marius on the shoulder and sayd peraduenture this âââ ⪠Obiection against the lavv Thunder stoppeth any proceeding in elections and assemblies The Citizens against the Countreymen The lavve vvonne by force Marius dissembleth A deuice of Marius to illude the lavve The vvords be ⪠ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã and ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã commentum subtilââââ Metellus refuseth the oth The moderatioÌ of Metellus Metellus banished Gracchus the runnagate vvho
vvas aduanced by Marius Memmius killed Sapheius Glauclas and Apuleius killed Furius Metellus the dutifull Furius torne in peeces Metellus reuoked The thirde sedition Fellovves vvaâ and the cause of it Flaccus seââ into ââberia Liuius Drusus Encrease of Senators Drusus said there vvas nothing novv left to be deuided but earth or ayreâ It should seeme by some that he vvould haue reuoked certayne inlââbâtancies Tus anes Vmbrianes be novv Dââato dâ Spoleto Drusus flayne Q Valerius â Bestius exiles himselfe Cotta vvillingly exiled Mummius exiled vvho ouers threvv Cornelius and thereof vvas called Acââicus bycause it stoode in Achaia * * * Ascolo Thys Citie is in that part that is called Abruzzo neere to the territorie of ãâã apperteyning to the Pope There is another of thys name in Apulia called Ascolidi Sairiano for a difference Presidents Hadriane the Emperoure Proconsulles Seruilius killed at Asculi âonteius killed Marsians in Campania di Roma MaliniaÌs in Campania felici Vestinians in Abruzzo Marusians Aâ bruzzo Picentines Campanites di Lauoro Ferentines in Catiâ Hirsians Abruzzo Pompeyans in terrad Lauoro Venusians in Apulia lapigianes otraÌtâ ⪠Samnites Abruzzo All these natioÌs be beyoÌd Rome * * * The floud Iâriâ Lario novv Clariano in Campania * * * Linterno vvas a Citie in Campania vvhere Scipio chose to ende his life after he had found the people of Rome vnthankefull The army of the Italians Sex. Iulius Caesar P. Rutilius Consulles Assistantes to the Consulles Generaâes of the Italians Sextus Iulius ouerthrovvne Venafro lost It is neere the ãâã Vultuâââ Perpââââ ouerthrovvne and discharged Grumentâ Li. Crassus lostâ ãâã vvoââe â Citie not âarâe from Naples Castabuli in Campania Mintâââ in Campania vvhen Mariââ hidde himselfe Salerno beyonde Naples Nuceria besâeged thirtie miles from Naples Acerre a Citie in Campania vvhiche Anniball burned the people beeyng escaped Oxintha sonne to Iugurth Venusio in Apulia Numidians Papius loseâââ The Consull killed Marius Heauinesse at Rome for the death of the Consull Pompedius deceyueth Caepio Caepio flayââ Sextus Caesar fleeth Theano in the end of Apulia Marsi a valiant people in Latio novv Campania Falerio in Camepania vvhere the good vvine is praysed Firmo a tovvne in the march of Ancona Afranius killed Iudacilius Crueltie oâ Iudacilius Iudacilius death S. Caesar dyeth Cuma in Campania felici Freemade men sent to vvarre Hetrurians novv Tuscanes The Italians made Citizens of Rome Cato slayne Sylla fleeth Sylla putteth to flight A Combate A Numidian Cluentius slayne Hirpini in the ârutians Iucanes be they that novv be of Pasibcata Aquilano taken Citie in Brutââ ãâã ouerthrovven Asernia in ãâã Brianes novve ãâã in Abruzzo Salapia a Citie of Apulia vvhere ãâã vvas caught in loue Canue novve Berletta Canutui a citie in Apulia vvhere is the best vvoll in Italy novv Caâossa The floud Anfido Trebatius is discomfited by Cossonius Larinates c. people of Apulia Pediculi in Calabria PoÌpedius killed Italians receiued to the freedome of Rome Vsurie Romaines Grecians and Persians hate Vsurie Asellio Sacrifice to Iupiters childreÌ Vesta the Goddesse of Virginitie Disorder Aselius killed Beginning of Ciuill vvarres Marius Sulpitius Vacation ⪠Sulpitius against the vacation Vacation reuoked Capua the chiefe Citie of Campania The vvarre of Mithridates appoynted to Marius Sylla to hys Souldyers Sylla reâurââeâââ to Rome in Armes Officers of good coÌscience Aunsvvere of Sylla Celimontana Gate Collina Gate ãâ¦ã entreth the Citie vvith armes AFsâââlie vvas the hill in Rome vppon the vvhich Tâllus Hostâââus kept his Souldioures First fight of the armes in Rome The boldnesse of Sylââ Saburra in the old vvriting Succurra a streete in Rome vvhere Souldyers vvere placed to releeue them of Esquilia Marius fleeth Holy vvay in Rome so named of the peace that Romulus made vvith ãâ¦ã Sylla renueth olde lavves Comicia CeÌturiata vvhere the best men gaue voyces King Tullus Marius c. proclaymed Traytors Sulpitius slayne Mynturna in Campania betvvene Formiae and Sinnessâ Marius fleeth to Minturna A Frenchman appointed to âââ Marius can not do it Marius escapeth Token of Marius honor Hard happe of Marius in escaping Pompey the Consull killed Cââââ ⪠Octauius VVay Holy. Tuââââ in the vvhich the nevâ Citizens are killed âââur novve Tâââââ sixteene miles from Rome Preneste novve Pâlastrâââ in Champaâne of Rome Nola nine miles from Naples Cinna deposed The thing vvas called Apex vvhich vvas a vvand vvound about vvith vvooll in the heigth of his hatte Iupiters Priest Cââââ to the Souldiers Cinna restored to his dignitie ⪠The Conââââ prepare for defence Collina a gate in Rome novve Salaria Marius returneth The Germanes vvere cal'ed Cimbrianes novv thought to be Dââes Ostia spoyled being at the mouth of Tiber about tvvelue miles from Rome Arimino is in that part that novv is called Romania next ââ âomberdie and vvas âââ diuision of oâde Italy at the floud Rubicon Ceeâlius Metellus is too precise and giueth occasion of aduantage to his enimie Marius entreth Rome Appius Claudius âeceyueth Marius into the Citie Marius repulsed Pompey destroyed by lightning Antium novv ãâã Aritia tennâ mile from Rome Lanuuisâm novv Indouina Marius keepeth victuals from Rome The vvay called Appia vvent from Porta Capena to Brâââdase paued vvith fouresquare stone Mount Albano nigh Rome vvith a lake of the vvhich a propliecie vvent of the ââmâunes victorie Resortâ to ãâã The Senate sendeth to Cinna as Consull Doubriull aunsvvere Marius Marius scorneââ The banishment of Marius reuoked Marius and Cinna giue their oth for Octauius He is counselled to flee The constancie of Octauius Censorinus commetâ to kill Octauius contrary to the oth Octauius Consull headed ãâ¦ã Noble men killed Crassus killed M. Antonius Orator bevvrayd by a Vintner Marius glad to haue Antonius killed Eloquence Cornutus saued by his Seruauntes Ancharius killed in the Temple Sylla proclaymed rebell Accusers Merula Catulus Luctatius ⪠Merula dieth Catulus dieth Cinna killeth the free made Marius dyeth ãâã in Marius place dyeth in Asia Actes of Sylla in Asia Sylla vvrighteth to the Senate Dalmatis is novv part of Slauonia The Souldyers refused to goe against their Countreymen Cinna killed Carbo afrayde to goe to Rome Lightnings vpon the TeÌple of the Moone and Ceres The aunsvvere of Sylla Pelopâneso novv Mââââ Pireo vvas the porte of Athens novv Porto ââne Para in Achaia Sylla giueth priuileges to Brunduse Metellus the duetifull cââuneth to Sylla Pompeius comâieth Pompey honored of Sylla Hiempsall restored by Pompey The preparation of Syllas enemies C. Norbanus L. Scipio Carbo The Consuss against Sylla Tvventy thousand men Sylla seemeth as an enimie to his Countrey Consuls cary authoritie Prophecies Monstrons tokens Capitoll turned The sharpnesse of this vvarre Three yeares lasted this vvarre The battayle at Caââsio This is the place called Cââââ vvhere A ãâ¦ã l gaue the Romaines their great ouerthrovve Another of that name Caââssa Thââââ in Apââââ Sâââssa taken in the time of treatie by Sertorius a Citie in Campania nigh Monâ Massico Scipio the Conâull
betrayd of his army Iupiters Temple in the Capitoll on fire Sertorius fleeth into Spayno Riuer of Poâ AEsis novve Fiemesino betvveene Spoleto and Ancons The fight betvvene Metellus and Carinna âââneste not farre from Rome ãâã novv in Roman â Seââ not farre from ãâã The battayle betvveene Sylla and yong Marius Part of yong Marius Souldiers reuolt to Sylla Saâââites killed Sena a Citie in Tuscane an hundreth miles on this side Rome Crueltie of yong Marius agaiâââ some Citizens P. Antiâââââ Pap. Carbo I. Domitius and I. Sccuolâ slayne Sylla entreth Rome Sylla to the people Clusio is vnder the dominion of Sena vvhere Porsena the king of Tuscane helde his court Spanish Horsemen Claniâ Clanius not farre froÌ Naples at the Citie of Acerra Saturnia in Campania Vritanes not farre from Otranto but farre from Rauenna Naples The battell betvveene Carbo and Sylla Fight at Clusio Fight at Spoleto an auntient Citie the vvhiche valiantly droue avvay Anniball after his victorie at the lake of Perugia and stucke continually to the Roâmaines Carinna fleeth Martius goeth to relââuâ Marius The âmy reâolte li from Martius M. Lamponius Pom. Telisius Gutta Capu mus come to relceue Marius Marius issueth vpon Lucretius Placentia is in Lombardy vvher Auniball ouerthrevv the Romaines A fight of Carbo and Norbanus against Metellus Airetio one of the tvvelue Cities of Tuseme about thirtie miles from Florence Albinouanus Fimbria killed himselfe in Asia not to be taken of Sylla Albinouanus killeth his friends and fleeth to Sylla The ende of Norbinus at Ebodes France on this side the Alpes Iucullus Placentia novve Pazenca in Lombardy Carbo quayleth The battayle at Clusio A fight before Nome Part of Syllas army fleeth The Portculice let dovvne cause of slaughter Fiftie thousande slayne before the gates of Rome ãâ¦ã crâeitie againste the ââââites Martius and Caââân put to death Marius killeth himselfe Sylla taunteth The taking of Preneste and cruell handling of it Prenestines plaged Norba The miserable end of the Citizens of Norba There is another Citiâ of this name in Spayne called Norba Augusta novv Alcan ara Sylla to the ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã Sylla to the ãâ¦ã Proscoption is condemnation of death vvithout Iudgement Horrible crueltie of Sylla Extremitiâ Cosyra an Hand in the coast of ãâ¦ã Carââ put to death ãâ¦ã Faustus Oracle VVhen he vvrote to the Grecianes he named himselfe Epaphroditus that is acceptable to Venus A ãâ¦ã Dictator Interrâgâââ A King for the meane time Interea Valerius Flaccus Dictator The office of a Dictator did ende in tvvo monethes Kings Consâls Kings Olimpias a kinde of shevves vsed in Greece euery fyue yeaâââ according to the vvhich they made theâr accomptes of yeareâ Some ãâ¦ã âââââtion of ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã ââcreââe of Senatoures Servants made free and named Cornelians Lands giuen Lucretius killed ãâ¦ã to the ãâ¦ã Denied Kingdome All nations plaged by Sylla King of Egipt Thus Alexander vvâs left in Coo of his Grandmother Clâoâatra vvith great riches Alexandrianes kill their king Sylla being Dictator is chosen Consull Metellus Piuâ The Emperoures vvere Consuls Sylla refuseth the Consulship ⪠Scruilius called Isauricus for Isauria a couÌtrey in little Asia ãâ¦ã eth ãâ¦ã e. ãâ¦ã us ãâ¦ã s ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã s The rare ãâã of Sillas ãâã Confidence of Sylla Sylla suffereth a yong man to ãâã him The aunsvvere of Sylla Câsar follovveth not the example of Sylla Cuma is a pleasant place not farre from ãâã The povver of Sylla Nevv occasion of sedition by the Consuls C ⪠Catulus and Lapid ãâã Vision of Sylla Death of Sylla Age of Sylla Happy Contention for the buriall of Sylla Syllas corpse in a ââtter of gold Funerall of Sylla The receiuing of his body Prayses of Sylla Affections of men Funerall Oration Faustus his sonne vnder age In the field of Mars ⪠none buryed but kings Contention The Consuls bound by oth Lepidus refuseth to returne to the election Lepidus maketh vvarre A Battel betvvene the Consuls Lepidus ouercome and dyeth in Sardinia in the sea of Libya called Sanda liotis bycause it is like the âole of a foote Sertorius Sertorius occasioÌ of nevv vvarre Sertorius maketh a Senate in Spayne Perpenna Pompey into Spayne Rodanus Rosne in Fraunce Eridanus Poo in Italy Iustice A vvââââât ãâ¦ã A vvhole bande put to deathe Pirenei mountaines diuide Spaine froÌ IraÌce ⪠Lusitania Portugall Battel at Sura novve Sucrone Metellus ouerthrovveth Perpenna Sertorius ouercoÌmeth Pompey A vvhite Harte Some thinke this battel vvas fought at Segobrida a tovvne in that part of Spaine also Seguntiâ novve called Muruidero Pompey looseth Metellus gayneth ââthyâia is the âââte Region âo Troy ouer ⪠against Thracia Tvvo regions fell to the Romaines by Testament Trouble Sertorius remoueth the Romains from the guard of his person Sertorius cruell Griefe of the Romains Aragon Sertorius compared to Anniball Sertorius decayeth Perpeââa Conspiracie Death of Sertorius Miserie causeth pitie Portugales Perpenna founde to be heyre to Sertorius Perpenna cruel Fight betvvene Pompey and Perpenna Ouerthrovv of Perpenna Death of Perpenna VVisedome of Pompey Spartacus Mount de Soma Aenomaus Crissus oâ Varinius Glaber ⪠P. Valerius vvere ouercome of Spartacus Firste the battel betvvene Spartacus and the Romaines Mount Gargano in Appulia novve called Mount S. Angelo Spartacus ouercometh the Consuls Sacrifice of meÌ Thârâs in Apulia vvhich the Romaines made a colonie and called it Copia Three yeares vvarre Zicin us Crassus Crassus doth execution Crassus ouercomâcââ The thuâââttel Spartacus â yetâ tovvard ãâ¦ã The fourth battel Samnites novv Abrââzo Spartacus holden in Pompey appointed to this vvaâ The last battel vvherin Spartacus vvas ââaint ãâ¦ã the châeââ Citie of Câipââââ Contention betvvene Crassus and Pompey Crassus seketh to be Consul ⪠after Syllas appoyntment Pompey after the auntient maner Both chosen Consels The people require reconciliation Crassus relenteth first Pompey Pretor had the chaiââ of the lavv Aâddâs of houses and proâââion Catâime Catâime ââileth his soune Cateline repulsed and Crâerâ chosen confull Nevv man. VViues vveary of their husbandes Senatours Gentlemen ãâã vttereth the conspâacâe Q Carius ãâã chiefe minister or Cateââââ ãâã The maner of the practise Cicero to be listed the cââtâ to be burned Cities had paââones in Rome ãâã Cornelius ⪠a great surname in Rome Priuilege of CoÌsul elect Syllanus Disagrement ãâã the coÌspiracie ãâã vvith vvhom Cicero duââste not contende ãâã ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã ââSpaneââyne ãâ¦ã ey ãâã ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã ãâã ãâ¦ã Pompey Lucuilus againste Pompey Crassus vvith Lucullus Pompey vvith Caesar ãâ¦ã yueth ãâ¦ã The ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã by ãâ¦ã The ãâ¦ã coâââââed by ân ââhe Vetiuâ deade Bibâlus gyueth ouer ãâ¦ã ⪠ãâ¦ã ⪠ãâ¦ã to ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã ⪠ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã âââââ ãâ¦ã by ãâ¦ã ⪠Demosthenes Clodius pulleth dovvnâ ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã h ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã Caeââr ãâ¦ã A ãâ¦ã the ãâ¦ã Diââsion of Prouinces The calamitie of Crassus The death of Caesars daughter Rome disordered Fyrst three men ⪠Rome eigâte Moneths vvâââ out a Magistrate Dictator Mâââââââyned by Pompey The Authour ãâ¦ã ⪠ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã of ãâ¦ã the ãâ¦ã of
disturbed The Gââtas âe a people of Sythia in Europe The name novv ââ turned into the Thracians Antony deuiseth to stoppe the creation of a Dictator Dolobella kept out Ephesus novv âogliâ iâ Ionââ Dolobella taketh Sâyrâs ãâ¦ã killed and âpâghtfully vsed Trebonius one of the consâitaâors vvââ the first that vvaâ killed ãâ¦ã novv ãâ¦ã Senate vvorketh âeââetly against Antony ãâ¦ã shevvâ ãâ¦ã of houâes as vvel proâânâ aâ holy ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã Antony The ãâ¦ã of ⪠Antony in ââuour of Octauinus Antony reâââeth Reconciliation of Antony and Octauiââ The Senate taketh a ââardâ ⪠ãâã novve âââââeth for Antony Tribunes corrupted ãâã ⪠The people mindeth to make Octauius ãâã Antony againste Octauius agaââ Sedition procured The oration of the Capitaynes to Antony Antonius ãâ¦ã to the Captaynes Nevv despightâ of Antony against Caesar Caesar exclaymeth agaynste Antony Antonyes armye at Brunduse discontented Antonyes goyng to Brunduse suspected to Caesar Octauius goeth to make men Celatia in Latio Silio Casâilinum in Campania not farre from Capua Feare in the Citie ãâã ãâã â Tribune ⪠ãâã yoââ Casar against Antony Octauius to the people Octauius army goeth from him ãâã giueth ãâã to the souldyoures Octauius armye returneth to him Arâuum a Citie in Tuscane thirty myles from Florence Antony offended vvith the Souldioures A mutiny in Antonyes Camp. The Souldyoures laught at the miserie of Antony T ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã a ⪠ãâ¦ã y in ãâ¦ã ng Antony to his Souldyoures Arimeno in ãâã ⪠Tvvo legion ⪠reuolte to Octauius froÌ Antony Tiburâ novv Tâuolâ The Senatoures and Citizens svvorne to Antony Antonies armye ⪠Lepidus ⪠Asinius Pollio Plancus The Senate mistaked oâ Octauius us and Antony bothe A âheâre of fight by tvvoo legions Antony vvarneth Decimus oute of his Prouince Mutina a Citie in Lumbarây rovv Modena Decimus taketh Modena for hys defence Cicero againste Antony Lucius Piso againste Cicero Senate againste Antony Adâra againste Antony Saluius Honours giuen to Octanius Cicero against Antony Piso against ãâ¦ã The decrees of Cuerâ against Amony Dolabella declared a rebel The ansvvere of Antony to the decree Antony to the Senate Antony to Cicero Antony condeâned The povver of Marcus Brutus in Asia Macedonia and Slauonia Demeatride a tovvne in Thesâ salie that vvas called Pagasa novve Demeatrida Syria appoynted o Cassius VVhen hey ãâ¦ã ãâã to the souldiours ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã of ãâã one of ãâ¦ã oâ Italy and ãâ¦ã and ãâã Cicero ruleâh all at Rome Ventidius maketh Rome afraid and Cicero to flee Cicero fleeth La Mââ ca de ⪠Ancona the couÌtry of Ancona Carsuleius The stratageâââ of Antony The notable fighte of the Martiall legion againste tvvo of Antonies and the tvvo chiefe handes of Antony and Octauius This battell is declared in the tenth booke of ãâã hys EPâstles Pansa the ãâ¦ã Exercise Hirtius The fight vvith Hirtius ãâ¦ã men ãâ¦ã uârthâ ovven The horse men of Antony ãâ¦ã t s âhe ãâ¦ã ⪠ãâ¦ã ââayââ Deâmâââ ãâ¦ã to O ãâ¦ã Octauius aunsvvere to ââcimus Th ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã e oâââly ãâ¦ã to the S ãâ¦ã nây S ãâ¦ã oâ ãâ¦ã ââyâs Decimus made generall ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã Pansa the Consul dyeth The Consuls buryed honourably Cecilius Bassus Iulius Sextus The mutiny of the army in Syria Inlius kylled Sextius Murcus Minutius Crispus Bythinia in Asia the lesse nexte troy Casâius obteyned the Legions Albienus Palestina nexte India and Arabia Cassius Lord of tvvelue Legions âaâdicea a noble Citie in Asia âigh the ââond âyâus Pâââus getteth legions in Macedonia Brutus the geÌâle Octaââus desireth Triumph ⪠The Senate denyeth Triumph ãâã Caesar vseth Antonyes Souldioures vvell Octaâius Caesar practiâeth vvith Ventidius Antonyes friende Octauius saying to Decius a Captayne of Antonyes Octauius dealeth vvith Iepidus and Asinius Octauius praââââe vvith Antonyes friends Decimus army after âââger ãâ¦ã for plenty Plancus âoyneth vvith Decimus A creation of tenne men in Rome ââdiât of tenne men Octaâius requireth to be Consull vvith Cicero The ambition of Cicero Cicero is laughed ââ Culeo suffereth Antony to passe the mountaines Practâse betvvene Antony Lepidus The tenth legioÌ beganne to reuoâte from Lepidus ⪠Laterensis Lepidus souldioures lets in Antony Antony and Lepidus agâee ãâã âathe greate povver againe Alteration in Rome The Senate seÌdeth Lucius and Pansa to Brutus and Cassius The feare of the Senate Nevve Caesar chosen lieâtenaÌt to Decimus Caesar stirreth his souldioures againste the Senate Senate sendeth to the souldiâââ ãâã ãâã his souldioures againste the Senate ãâã desireth to be declared ãâã by the souldioures Consulls vnder age Coruinus Scipio The Senate rebuketh the souldioures Octauius âoâth against the ãâã The feare at Rome Alteration in Rome Cicero not seeââ Inconstancie ãâã the Senate Cicero seene agayne Tvvo Legions âââiue agayne Caesars mother and sister sought for Mount Quirinale one of the seuen hilles of Rome Mutation in Rome Honour gyuen to Octauian Legions of the Senate goe to Caesar Octauius Cornutus himself Cicero ãâã Light credite to a vayne rumor Ancona Acilius Crassus Octauius dealing in the Cities Octauius and Q. Pedius Consuls A token of xii Vultures Curââ Phratriâ ãâã ãâã against the ãâã ãâã Caesar ⪠Many condeâned for Caesars death Q ⪠Gallius condemned ãâã councell ⪠P ãâ¦ã Cae ãâ¦ã Plancus reconcyled vvith Antony Decimus is driueÌ to flee and hys army forsaketh him Rauenna Aquileia Rânâ is a floud in Italy that runneth not farre from ãâã Decimus forsakeÌ ãâã is taken vvith the eues Camillus Barbarous ãâã ãâã is killed of one Camillus by the commaundemente of ãâã Minutiââ Basilââ killed of his ovvne men ãâã is â condemnation ãâã lavve to kill men vvheresoeuer they be founde ãâ¦ã t o ãâ¦ã e. A ãâ¦ã es ãâã ãâ¦ã o Novv Narbona Cities of Italy deuided to spoyle Tokens in Rome A rare example of a Southsayer Equites Miserie of Rome ãâã Consull dyeââ Publius Tâtius propoundeth the nevv rule of the three men ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã vvas the name among the Lacedemonians ⪠vvhich vvere rulers of Cities and Castels Encrease of condemned meÌ Revvards The Proclamation of the three men ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã Revvardes Lepidus coÌdeâneth his brother Antony coÌdemneth his âââlâ Thoranius tutor to Caesar condeÌned Cont ãâ¦ã to ãâ¦ã mitie God vvoulde haue it so Sylla ⪠Marius ãâ¦ã Authoritie of Tribunes ãâ¦ã the Tââbâââ kylled ãâ¦ã killed that vvas a Preâââ Reuerence outâ of tyme Annalis kylled A vvicked soâ kylled Choranius killed by the sure of hys sonne Cicero kylled Cicero cannot abide the sea sickenesse and retourneth The Author goeth to see Cicero his house in the countrey Cicero vvarned by Crovves A Shomaker âe vvrayeth Cicero ãâ¦ã oâe saued by Cicero kylleââ hym The orations of Cicero called Philippica Poââ ãâã made to carrye Antony the nevvs of ãâ¦ã deathe ãâã done to ãâã kyllyng of Cicero After that Augustus had the rule of all âounde one of hys Nephevves vvyth a booke in hys hande vvhyche vvas of Ciceroes making the child vvas afraide to shevve it but he vvoulde needes see it reade it and sayd Child this mânne vvas learned and a loâer
they say Philoctetus vvas bitten of a Serpent and dyed Antony Antoââeâ Camp. Thaso an I le and a Citie ouer-against the floud Nâssus Antonies Camp. The number of bâââ aâuies VV ãâ¦ã to ãâ¦ã and ãâ¦ã campe Antonies polliey paânefulnesse Antony maketh a vvay in the Fenne Bâ vvhat occaââon the patteââ begânne Câsar absent for a dreame The âârie of Antony âhe fight at ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã taketh the Campe of ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã take ãâ¦ã The ãâ¦ã Casâiââ coââaÌded Pindarus to kyll hym Some thinke Câsâiââ kylled himselfe vvyrâ the dagger th ãâ¦ã â ⪠he killed Caesar Cassius iâ kylled on his byrth day Brutus âan âteth the death oâ Casââââ ãâ¦ã a ãâ¦ã the same dâye that the ãâ¦ã vvas at ãâ¦ã A light on the ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã by âea to ãâ¦ã Câsââ Caluinus Oration of âââtus Antones Oration Casars men take an hill ãâ¦ã in the campe of Casar and ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã the north ãâ¦ã of Pâlopoââââ Antonie prouoketh ãâ¦ã to fight ââââesie in a ãâ¦ã is hinââââââ ãâ¦ã beareth of purpose ââutâs one rââled like Pompey The ãâ¦ã Caesar and Antony to their ãâã Nature and Countrey forgotten Tvvo Eagles A token before the fight The vehemeÌâiâ of Souldioures ãâ¦ã Lucinus acte for to saue Brutus Boldnesse of ãâã Brutus vvordes meanyng by Antonie vvhom he sayde should once be punished for it Antonies repentance A trenche of dead bodies Brutus men gyueth ouer ââratâ Brutus âeyng persuaded to flee sayde yea but vvith hands not vvith sââtâ The death of Brutus vvherin it vvâs leânâ that vertue vvas ouercome of Fortune ââ saying ⪠Overtue vnhappy ⪠ââ vvordes oâely vviâe c. One onely fault of Brutus and Casâââ ãâ¦ã vvorthâ ⪠uââlâ of ãâ¦ã and Casâââ The estimation of ââutââ and Casâââ brought calum ãâ¦ã The povver of âââtuâ and Casâââ The âââonâ in the âââ o ãâ¦ã â ãâ¦ã The Souldiours ãâ¦ã ed vnder Caesar vvere ââsty âo ãâ¦ã us The Souldiours more ãâ¦ã y to âââtuâ and Casâââ than to Antony Maners of Cassâus Maners of Brutus Theyr faulte agaynst Caesar The vvorthynesse of Câsââ God punished the death of Caesar ââ Brutus and Casâus Tokeââ to Cassius Tokens to Brutus The vvordes of Patroclus vsed by Brutus The bad Angel of Brutus â VVork of god Casâius despayreth to âone Brutus is ouerruled The body of Brutus ⪠ãâ¦ã mother oâ ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã â ãâ¦ã gyuen to âpoylâ â Casââus ⪠Câââ his sonne Labeo A tente for a graue Policie of brethren Poââââ Brutus vviââ Mâssâââ Corâââââo and ãâ¦ã reââant of thyâ armye The mightinesse of the armies The fight âhevved vvhat vvould become of Rome ãâã in loue âââth ãâã ãâã Pompey ãâã depriued ãâã of Parma ãâã Ioââlââ ãâã the y oââââ Thâssââ an Iland in the ãâã sâa M ãâ¦ã Aenobarbus Octauian goeth into Italy Antony goeth beyond the sea Lepidus accused Fphesus novv Fâlgâso a cittye of Ionia vvhere vvas the goodly Temple buylded of AmazoÌs Antony pardoneth Pergama a cittie in Asia not far from the floude Caâââ Troy vvas called by this name Laodicea a citie in Asia vvhose citizen âeno An toâââ and Augustus made a king ãâã to the ãâã ãâã ãâã to the ãâã Tributes put vp on the Grecians by âââony ãâã Cassiââ ââ pââdoned of Antony Priuileges giueÌ to the Iyâiâââ Xambâanâ exhorted to restore âââââ cittie ⪠Ilands giuen to the Rhodianâ called Cladeâ nigh to ãâã Ilandâ ãâã to the ãâã Aâg ãâ¦ã ãâã Aânonâ vvhere children vvel brought vp proued euill ãâã is in Asia the lââââ the people âe called Callââ ãâã ãâã ââââ part of Syria that is next Arabia â ãâã is ââââ playne of the countrey Antony partiall ãâã ãâã of ãâã Clâopâââ ãâã ãâã excuseth âââââliâ ⪠ââtâây in âoue ââtâây âââe ãâ¦ã by Cleopatra Tyrus sometimeâ an ââande after âoyued to the land by Alexander The king of Aegypt deade neuer founde The lightnesse of Antony The state of Syria Scaurus ãâ¦ã ius ⪠Crassus Antony prâââre Octaâioâ sicke Diuision of Italy to the souldiors ãâ¦ã of Italy Iâsâtiablenesse of Soldiours O ãâ¦ã exclâi ãâ¦ã âpoâ Antonies Souldiers placed by his friendes Antonie renounced Oppression of Cities Pompeys Aenobarbus and Mur ⪠cus Lordes of the sea Insolencie of Souldiours Theatre the place vvhere they beholde pastyme Insolencie of Souldiours Nonius kylled of the Soldiours Vprore of Soldiours Sufferance and liberalitie of ãâã Cause of disorder among the Soldiours Discipline corrupted Peâââie and troubles in Rome Lucius taketh parte vvith the old husbandemen Manius counsel Fuluia Antonies vvise stirreth vvarre Begynnyng oâ suspition Teano a citie â Fia Appia An other in Apulia Conditions betvvene Caesar Antonies soldiours Preneste novve Pilestrena a Citie in Latio Fuluia fleeth to Lepidus Great resorte to Lucius Manius ansvver sharpe Souldioures of Ancona labour for peace Gabij a people destroyed by Tarquinius Superbus Meeting at Gabij A fight by chance The daye frustrate The vvarre breaketh Lucius povver Caesars povver Antium vvas a Citie in Latio very good vpon the Sea. Lannuuium novv Indoâiââ Treasure houses of holy money Tibure novve Tiuoli Nemore not âarre from Aritia Pompey increaseth ãâã to ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã Sea. Pompey loseth ãâ¦ã Honor of Pompey Sextius Fagio Fagio killeth himself ãâã â Carinas ãâã troubled all ouer Octâiââ to the Senate A letter of ãâã shevved No conclusioÌ of peace Lepidus Gouernoure of the Citie ãâ¦ã to Lucius ãâ¦ã ãâã of tvvo legions Furnius besegeâ at Sentia betvveene Campania and ãâã Lucius entreth the Citie Lepidus fleeth Lucius to the people of Rome Berbatius People forsaketh Lucius Saluidienus Asinius ãâã Agrippa ãâ¦ã oeth to Perugia Occasion of the hinderaunce of Lucius Lucius in distresse Siege of Perugia Caesar encloteth Lucius Tiberis springeth aboute Areââo and goeth thorough Tursâan to Rome novv Tenure Plancus Plancus Lucius povver dieuerereth them selues Paâenna fiâdeth at the gulfe of âânâce Arimeno on the ãâã the ãâã the ãâã Se ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã of the ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã e in Perus âââ ââlen âes be the ârie daye of the aââneth ãâã the firste moneth of the yetre I ãâ¦ã a sayleth the campe Tumulte in Rome for corne Vântââ us Fulginie ãâã connsel Extremitie of sââuine Misery of slaââes ãâ¦ã fâll ãâ¦ã Assaulte of the Trenche The âerâenelle of the fyght Lucius repulsed ãâ¦ã enâloned to ãâ¦ã Lucius to the be âieged Ambassadors to Caesar Caesars ansvvere Priuate talke Lucius goeth to Caesar Caesar meeteth vvith Lucius Lucius to Caesar Caesar pardoneth The maruell of both Generalis Lucius rendereth A booke of the number of soldioures Lucius soldiours receiue vvatche vvord of Caesar Souldiours embracing Caesar pardoneth the yong Souldyoures Souldyers ââiât crie for pardon Pardon Remanes appeared and vvere vvell vsed for a time Perugians pardoned Captaynes of Perugia killed Sextius setteth the Citie on fire Perugia set on fire Antiquitle of Perugia It vvas first called Viâia Coloniâ of Vibius a Captayne of the Acheanes that first came thither but the Criaginens of Armenia did build it and of a Griffou vvhich they bare in their standerd called in their language Perugio they called the Citie Perugia Caesar repayred the Citie
Pompey loseth for lacke of experience Coccineo a point nigh a lake Caesar ordereth his battayle Caesar leaueth the robe of a generall Pompey gaineth Caesar in doubte departeth vvith one page Abala Caesar in desperatioÌ is brought to Messala Caesar signifieth that he is vvell Caesar goeth to Stilida Lipari be the Ilandes nexte Sicelie seuen in number Messala Romane vertue The drye place Daunger of Cornificius Naked citizeÌs vpon the armed Romanes The Romanes grieuously troubled Zaronius Soldiours perished vvith hasty drinking Agrippa taketh Tyndarida vvhiche vvas a CItie named of Tindarus father of Ledâ Peloro is one of the foure hils of Sicelie tovvarde Italy Myla is a floud and a Citie both vvith a Port novv called Melazzo Dianio is a Citie also in Spayne They vvere the Oxen of Phaëtusa vvhich she and hir tvvo sisters kept Myconio Caesar in perilâ againe The hill Aetna novv Mongibello that spouteth fire Germanes afrayd of the noyce of Aetna Palesteno Messana beseeged Pompey desireth to trie all by a fight of equall number of Shippes Graple the inueuâion of Agrippa The stoute and last fight by Sea. The profite of the graple Liken esse of armour maketh confusion Agrippa getââââ the victory Reioyce of victory by Caesars ââen Pompeys army yeldeth to Caesar Pompey fainteth and prouideth to flee Pompey fleeth vvith ââvij ships Naulechi Messina sacked Lepidus diuideth the spoyle of Messana vvith Plennius and receyuesh his army Lepidus thinketh to be Lord of Sicelie Quarelling betvveene Caesar and Lepidus Lepidus army reuolteth Pompeys Souldyours yeelde to Caesar Caesar stricken A Castell beaten dovvne vvhose garrison iested at Caesar Castels giuen oââr to Caesar Lepidus vtterly forsaken The horsemen sende to Caesar to knovv if he vvoulde houe Lepidus killed Lepidus âeâriâed only a speciall liuing reserued The muâabilitiâ of Fortune Caesar vvonâââ not follovv Pompey Caesars mighty armie Enuic follovveth Fortune Mutinie of Souldioures Ofilius rudely speaketh to Caesar Ofilius not scene agayne Souldyoures dismissed Honoured offered to Caesar at Rome Caesar declareth his actes to the Senate and the people Caesars Orations published Modestic of Caesar Inscription of peace Bondmen restored to their maisters Caesar honoured as a God at xxviii yeare of his age Robberies in the Citie Sab. ââus VVatches appoynted in the night in the Citie The hope of restorement of the common state by Caesars vvords Tribune perpetuall Lacinie a hill in the furthest shore of Italy Pompey spoyleth the Temple of Iune Mitylene a Citie in Lesbo novv Mitcline Vayne hope of Pompey Lalienââ Pompey vseth double deuice ãâ¦ã sent against Pompey by Antony Pompeis Embassadours to Anotonie Antonie to Pompeis Embassadours ãâ¦ã messengers taken Excuse of PoÌpey Antonie a plaine man Furniuâ Pompey trayneth his men Oââobârbus Amyntas Practise discoââred Curio put to death Theodorus killed Lampsaco taken by Pompey Capsico a citie in the shore of Hellesponte He besiegeth Cyziââs an IâaÌde in Propontide a citie of that name of great strength Aâââiâ a part of Grââââ Pompey diââodgeth Furnius ScamaÌtria a litle tovvne at the porte of Iliâ People resorte to Pompey ãâ¦ã novve the sea of sayne George Mysââ novve ãâ¦ã ââ ãâ¦ã Pompeys money taken He gathereth more Nicea a citie in diuerse places Nâcomedia novv ãâ¦ã a cuie in ãâ¦ã ProcoÌnâso novv Mââmorâ an I le in Propontide Pompeys frendes yeelde to Antonie Pompey assayleth his eninues by night Pompey loseth occasion Pompey desireth speach vvith Furnius Furnius to Pompey Pompey hateth Tiâââ Pompey yeldeth to Furnius vvho vvoulde not take him nor suffer Amyntas to do it ãâ¦ã discouered by ãâ¦ã Pompey forsaken of all handes Pompey yeldeth to Amyntas vvithout condition The connâing vp of Pompey The good acteâ of Pompey Negligence vâdâd Pompey Titius putteth Pompey to death at Milâto a Citie in the endes of Ionia and Caria Plancus The Illyrianâ novv ãâ¦ã conânuall enimies of the Romanes Antonie marieth Octauia Antonies fortune ⪠is ouercome ⪠of Caesars Crassus Pompey and Caesar Crassus goeth to the vvarre agaynst order Execration Imperator Hierapoliâ an holy citie in Asââ ful of maruelous things Tokens Antonie goeth against the Parâââans to reueÌge Crassus Antonie did better by his Liââtenants than by himselfe Ventidius Samosatis ⪠a citie vvhere is a lage ⪠of a maruelous nature Antonie refuseth good offer Antonie returneth King Orodes killed by his sonne Moneses to Themistocles compared Antonies liberalitie to couÌternayle kings of Persiâ Vaine ⪠loââ Octaâââ ⪠Cleopatra Antonie killeth the king of Iurie Vanitie of Antonie Haste maketh vvaste Atropatia one part of Media The artillerie of the Romanes taken ãâ¦ã a small victory Punishment To be fedde vvith barly vvas a punishment among Souldyoures Crast of the Parthians Antony omitteth a Generalles part Mardus Parthians vpon the Romanes Parthians trouble the Romanes Fuluius Gallus taketh an euill enterprise Titius Canidius Romanes slayne Antony vveepeth Antony lamenteth Antonyes prayer Policie of the Romanes Parthians repulsed VVant in the Romanes Camp. Barly bread Hearbes venemous Frenâye in the Camp. VVine The ãâã of Xenophon Antony vvarned VVater Salt vvater Mithridates Antonyes giftes Antonyes treasure spoyled Antony in dread Cold ayre âokeâ of vvater Araxes diuideth Armenia from Atropatia ãâã Loâââ of the ãâã Antony taketh the King of Arââââiâ by flâght Antââyes triuâpâ displeasant to the Romanes ãâã Antonyes âondââssâ Antony câlled by the Medâââ agayne Câsâr seeketâ occasion to ââââ Antony Antony forbiddeth his vvife Octauia to ãâã to him Niger Craft of Cleopatra Antony doteth Octauia Modestie of Octauia Antonyes foâlishnesse Isis Caesarion Accusations betvveene Caesar and Antony Obâeâââoâs of Antony Anâvveres of Câsar Câââââus Nââiâ of Antony Domitius âleopâtâa laboureth to âarry vvith Antony Progresse of Antony and âleopatra ãâã Pastime out of ââme ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã Antony a âitiâeÌ of ãâã ⪠Aâââââ pââyeth âhe ãâã âctauia is put out of Antonies house Câsar in vvant Sâacknesse of Antonie Exaction of money Titius Plancus ⪠Antonies friendâ forsake hâm Antonies testameÌt bevvrayed ⪠Câsar obiected agaynst Antonies testament Librarie of Pârgâmâ Geminius Cleopatra tauÌteth Geminius Ansvvere of Geminius Geminius telleth truth and is blamed Romanes fleeth from Antonie VVarre proclaymed Nauie of Antonie Confederate kings Nânie of Caesar Countries of eyther side The maner of Caesars Shippes Caesar prouoketh Antonie Antonie chalengeth combat vvith Caesar Actio Toryne Canidius Antonie heareth not good counsell Antonie in danger A good request of an old Capitayne not graunted Antonie refuseth al good couÌsell The fight A token The diuersitie of the fight Cleopatra fleeth Antonie folovveth Louer Antony is hoysted into Cleopatras Shippe Antony is pursued Euricles Silence of Antonie Tânaro a forelande Antonie giueth his frends leaue to shift for theÌselues Caesars victorie Men amazed aâ Antonies madnesse Soldiours good opinion of Antonie Antonies footemen yeldeth Paretonio a port tovvne Antonie in despayre A deuise of Cleopatra for hyâ safetie Antonie folovveth the trade of Timon Timons tabernacle Euill nevves one after an other Antony renueth his riot Feastes of the dying sorte Cleopatra seketh for poyson
Request of Cleopatra Requestes of Antonie Euphronius Alexas of Laodicis Infidelitie punished Caesar promiseth much to Cleopatra Antony vvhippeth the messenger of Caesar Scornefull message of Antony Birth day Caesar goeth to Rome Pelusio a part of Egipt Cleopatra in suspition Sepulchre of Cleopatra Antony issueth out of Alexindria and repulseth Caesars horsemen Cleopatra revvardeth the valiant Souldyoure The seconde chalenge of ⪠Antony vpon Cleopatra Antony cheereth his men A noyse in the Citie in the night of svveete musicke Antonyes ships forsake him His horsemen forsake him Antony complayneth of Cleopatra Cleopatra sleeth from Antony Message of Cleopatra Antonyes greefe Heros Antonyes man killeth himselfe Antony thrusteth his svvord into himselfe Diomedes Antony is caried halfe dead into the Sepulchre A pitifull sight VVords of Antony at his death Proculeius Antony dyeth Derceteus Caesar vveepeth for Antony Request of Cleopatra Gallus Proculeius getteth into the secret Scpulcre of Cleopatra Proculeus stayeth Cleopatra ââom ââlling hirselfe Epaphroditus Care of Caesar to keepe Cleopatra aliue Caesar honoureth a Philosopher Caesars mercy to the AlexaÌâânes Cleopatra buryeth Antonyes body very princely Cleopatra kept from killing hir selfe by hunger Caesar commeth to Cleopatra Cleopatra submit ⪠to Caesar She beateth one of hir seruants Caesar granteth all things to Cleopatra Dolabella is sent to Cleopatra Cleopatra celebrateth Antonyes funerall VVords of Cleopatra Cleopatra deceyueth Caesar The Gard is deceyued Cleopatras last request to Caesar Cleopatra is fouÌd dead vpon a ded of gold and hit tvvo vvomen by âir Aspis brought amoÌg the figges did sting hir to death Age of Antony and Cleopatra Antonyes children Caesar bestoââeth Cleopatras children He vseth one of Antonies sonnes in great fauour Chaunge of mariage Emperours of Antonies issue Anthony the cause of the alteration of the Romane estate Augustus Ianus temple shutte onely tvvice before iâ token of generall peace Byrth of Iesus Christ Enuie The name of Emperour Imperator Cicero vvas called Emperour in Asia Greeke Emperours Mabumetes Amurâies Germane Emperours Stephanus in his Greeke addition to the Greeke Preface These pillers or hylls of Hercules be in the straightes of Gades beyoÌd the vvhiche it vvas thoughe no maÌ could go Moores inhabite Maâââââniâ vvest vvarde ââbiâ othervvise called Affrica is the third part of the vvorld diuided froÌ Asia by the floude Nilus and from Europa by the sea that is called Medâ ⪠âârrancum Nomades vvere they that alvvai follovved theyr flocks and chanÌged their places of pastâre There be tvvo âhallovve seas called Syrtes Marmaridans bee those people of Affrica among vvhych be they that be called Psilli vvhose spettle killeth serpents as Cato proued vvhen he vvent against Iubâ The holloyve parte of Syriâ is called Calosyriâ Pâlusium is the furthest Cittie of the coasts of Egipt Palmyra is a free Cittye in the confines of the Româââ and Parthian kingdomes Propâtis is novv called Marc dâ San Georgio Pamphilia is in Asia the lesse named as some thinke of the plentye of tâeââ Euxinus is the sea that beginneth at ââsphorââ Tracââs and goeth easte and not the it vvas first called Axenuâ that vvas Inhospitalis bicause the mâabi taunts dyd kyll and eate the passengers but after beeing madâ ciââll by the Greââanâ it vvas called Euxinus Rbenus is the floude that diuideth Germany from Fraunce Iberia c. novv Spaine Euphrates is a floude of Mesoâ potamââ Caucasus an hyâ dunding Iâdiâ from Scythiâ ââster is the sââe floud in âllyria that Da. ãâ¦ã in Gâr manie the greatest floud in Europe Daeââ novv Vallichia the people vvere called Daââ or Dââa ioyuing to the Gââtââ of vvhom the Aâbââaâs take their names oâ iââuâunts in Câââdââ as Daâus ââtâ Cyâlaâeâ be the âles in the Aâgeââ Sea. Sâoâade ⪠be ââes about Creta in the Carpâââiââ Sea. Echiââââes be big Iles next to Acaââiâ Tyrâânideâ be the lands in the Tuscanâ Sea. Myrâoân sea is part of the Aegâââseâ ãâ¦ã novv England so gret as tâseemeth a moyne lande Aââstacrasia is a rule of the best sort of men C. Caesar Kings Emperours Emperorâs hee that is generall of an army Grecia Darius the first king of Persia that had Cyruâ ⪠daughter to vviââ The Athâniâns vverâ ouerthrovven in Italy The povver of Grecia The rule of Asia Europe Asia Persâcââ Siâs from the east hath the red sea and from the vveast Arabia Macedonia Phillip Alexander The povver of the kings of Aegipt ãâã Lagus vvas the mightiest after Alexander At ãâã At the lake of ãâã Al Canne novve ãâã The Romaines haue diuerse names The diuision of the vvorkes Samnites novve Abruzo part of the Kingdome of Naples Appian a coânâellouâ to the Emperoures in ãâã causes Cââle is one of the paâtes of Syria the vvhich is hollovv for so signifyeth the vvord ãâã ãâã novv the stâ eightes of ãâã Rhesus King of Thracia 10. Iliad Bebrycia in Asia the lesse Byzantium is novv Constant tinople Some call hir Seta that vvas fister to Rhesus Prusias Cyrigus The Romanes vvere called Togââ and the Greekes ãâ¦ã The behauioure of Prusias disguised Libertus that of a seruant is made free The craftie aââ of Prusias Prusias is forced to recompence Attalus Prusias practiseth to kill his sonne Nicomedes Nicomedes shevveth himselfe as King. ââenâ to the Souldyoures Nicaea vvas first called ãâ¦ã aftervvard Nicaea ãâ¦ã vvife Embassadors to be laughed at Cato Novv Nichââ and of saylers Comidia Prusias killed The Romanes made heyres of Labiââa by testamente Arisus a sayre tovvne in the confines of Paâphligonâa and Cappadocia Hieronimus vvas an Historievvriter of Rhodes Dreame of Antigonus ãâã beneficiall Chrestus good or profitable Amastris the châese câââe so caââed of a vvoman of Persia before beyng named Câânâââ The Embassador of Mithridates to the Romanes Embaâââdors of Nicomedes ãâ¦ã The Romanes aunsvvere Eight of these furlongs maketh a mile Maeotis the great fenne in Scythââ The Embassadors make vvarre vvithout the consent of the Senate The Romanes force Mithridates forces ãâ¦ã a floud The fight Nicomedes fleeth Mithridates vseth courtesie Scoraba An other courtesie of Mithridates Pachius a tovvn at Proponsid A third curtesie of Mithridates The Romanes discontented Sangaris is othervvise called Corallus Lentocephale Mithridates lieth in an harborough vvhere great Alexander once did lye Lycus Q. Oppius Laodiceans betray Oppius Oppius ledde prisoner Manius is despighted of Mithridates and cruelly handled Mithridates taketh a vvife at Stratonicaea Monime is made a Queene ãâ¦ã appoynted to the roome VVant of treasure in Rome Mithridates decree of murder Adramitte a citie of the coaste of Mysia Cruelty in Asia agaynst the Romanes Câââus novve Roâe a tovvne of Caria The Romanes hated Co ⪠Iland novve Loâgo Of Câriâ and of âyria The vvarre of Muthridates agaynst the ⪠Rhodes The Kings Shippe crushed by chaunce Sambuca vvas an engine vsed at the siege of Cities bycause the ropes vvere to stretched in it as the strings in the instrument of Musicke that is so called The Rhodians put the kyngs men avvaye Isis is a Goddesse in
Aegipt Patara a Cittye of Lycia Delos an Ile in the Aegian sea Aristion by occasion of money plaieth the tyraÌ Philosophers Tirannes Thespia a free Tovvne in Boeotia Magnesia in Ionia Demetriada in Thessalie Scyethuâ ââââe ãâã Pireâ novve Portolione The port of Athens able to hold four hundred Shippes Thebes in Boeotia Pireus vvas made of pânacles vvalled tvvo myles of length Megara is in Achaia Eleâsina in Attica Academia vvas a shadovvie place a mile from Athens Fidelitie of slaues to the Romanes Romaines flee and returne agayne The reproued sorte vvere noted oâ some covvardlinesse and called vâtâperaâi Eleusine Lucullus diligeÌce Chalcide novve Negroponâey chiefe cuttie of Eââboeâ Aâathias dieth at Tidâo A fight in the night The assaulte of ãâã ãâã gotten by ãâã S ãâ¦ã A ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã y. ãâã vvas the ãâã the ãâã in the vvhiche they sang and daunced ââhersed their verses and vvente vp to it as to a vsed Theatre Mans fleshe dressed for sustenance Libertie giuen to the posteritie of the Athenians not to theÌselues Aristion put to death Thermopyle âis the greate hill that diuideth Grecia be the streyght of it vvith hoâe vvaters Pireo burned Phoâis a litle region of Grecia Cherona Sylla taketh the aduantage ⪠of the place The armed ⪠chariots defeated The ouerthrovv of Archelaus Cheronea is a tovvne in Bâotia vvhere Pââtârch vvas borne Euripâs is the streight sea that flovveth seuen times a day Zacynthus an Ile of the Ionian sea Crueltie of Mithridates against the Galatians Chio novv Sâio Mithridates spite agaynst the Xiââ for a sââl cause Erythea is a citie of Asia not far from Sâio of the vvhich vvas one Sybilla Mithridates letter to the Châââ The lamentable ⪠destruction of the Chians The Ephesians kill Zenobius Trallis at the floud MeâaÌârus Papenâ of Triphylia Mithridates releaseth debtes maketh free A conspiracte bevvrayed Orchomenus at the floud of that name The boldnesse of Sylla The victory of the Romaneâ The valiantnes of Basillus This garland or crovvne vvas called Vallaris vvhich vvas giuen to him that first scaled the trench Sylla is proclaymed Rebell at Rome Flaccus Fimbria Fimbria killeth Flaccus AÌ rare crueltie of a Romane Pitane a Citie of âââlide âiââ vvhere Troy vvas Crueltie of a Romane Troy vvorse vsed of a Romane Palladium the Image of Minerua sente from Heauen Archelous to Sylla Talke of peace ãâã âeople of Paphlagonia Talke of peace betvvene Sylla and Mithridates Manius actes reproued VVarre betvveene ãâã and Sylla Fimbria is forsaken Nonius refuseth to svveare Athenion Sylla vvill not speake vvith Fimbria Fimbria killeth himselfe ⪠Hi bâly is given to be bâryeâ othervvise then Marius vsed at Rome The revvardes of the faithfull people The punishment of the reuolting people Sylla to the Ephesiââs Holy a floud running out of Taurus Inconueniences in Asia Iassus ⪠an Ile of Caâa The seconde vvarre vvith Mithridates ⪠Colchis is next Pontus Mithridates killeth his sonne Archelous fleeth froÌ Mithridates Comana a Citie dedicate to Bellona Murena cauilleth Calidius commeth from Rome vvith counterâeâ commaundement Murenas fleeth The manner of the sacrifice of the kings in Asia made by Mithridates for the victory ãâ¦ã refuseth Mithridates gold Cochieus came from Troy. Tigranes by persuasioÌ of Mithridates inuadeth Cappadocia Mithridates sendeth to Sertorius The thirde vvarre vvith Mithridates Medimnus vvas a measure that contayned sixâ Modij Modius contayned syxe Sextures vvhych in commonlye called a Bushell Calybes people in Poute that dig yron naked Heniochi people of Ponius liuing by theft Thermodon Mithridates ââ his souldiours Nicomedes leaueth his kingdome to the Romenes Cotta fleeth Nudue commeth to Chalcide vvhere the port coloyse is lette dovvne many Romanes stayne Lucullus is generall Lucullus espieth his aduauntage Mithridates abused Errours of Mithridates Cyzico an Iland and citie in Propontide of great renovvne Helepolis is an engine to beate the vvall Lisistratus The valiantnes of the Cyzians A sacrifice to Proserpina Eumachus killeth the Romanes âsauâi a people Asia the lesse Dindymus the hill of Idea Aesepus a floud in the lesse Nisia ⪠flovving from the hill Ida. Lucullus playes Apamea in the coast of Bythinia Prusias called before Chius Lennus novv Statimene The monument of Philoctetes Lucullus ouercometh three Captaynes of Mithridates Letters in Laurell Mithridates hath losse by sea and is âââed in a roâers barke In Sinope vvas an vniuersitâe Diocles fleeth to Lucullus A dramme vvas a Romane penny Eupatoria Themiscyra a region of Pontus Cabeira a tovvne of higher Asia Lucullus is ouercome in one fight of horsemen ⪠Pompey the generall of horse brought before the King aunsvvered boldly A princely saying of the king Octauius fleeth from Lucullus Nothing so good as health of a ruler The Romanes in a great feare acâ Mithridates vvrighteth of his victory A right of the Romane forragers and the Kings horsemen in a streight The Kings feare The Kings army fleeth ãâ¦ã is thrust do ãâ¦ã flyoââ The souldiours âlvvayes gyuen to spoyle Mithridates fleeth to Tigranes vvho vvoulde not see hym The king seÌdeth to kil his sisters vvlues daughters A dreame of Lucullus saueth the Citie of Sinope Antolycus vvas one that liued by theât Sinope restored to libertie Lucullus vvyth a small armye against a greate King. Telliâg of truth euill revvarded Mancaeus keepeth the chiefe Cittie The defence of Tigranocerta Tiranes laugheth at Mithridates A quicke saying of Tigranes Lucullus vvinneth an hill Lucullus hath the victorye The valiantnes of the Greeke souldiors A policie of the Parthians King. Tigranes amd Mithridates flyelli Mithridates ouer throvveth Fabrus Fabius ouerthrovveth Mithridates vvhich is sore hurt Agarenes the kings plusitions A maruelous vvinde breaketh the fight Triarius for hast is ouerthrovveâ A Romaine captaine like a seruant vvouÌdeth the king The Kyng is shevved to the souldiours The Romaynes forsake their campe A great number of Romayne captaines flaine Attilius is killed of suspition DiââentioÌ vvyth the Romaynes Lucullus is lefte alone Mithridates filleth the sea vvith Pyrats The myshappes of the Rouers Cilicia full of rockes onâ Mountaynes on the coaste Cilices vvere compted rouerâ Murenas Serui. ãâ¦ã Pompey chosen admirall against the Pyrates The maner of the appoââmeÌts The diligence of Pompey The Piraââ gyue ouer Cragus and Anticragus ⪠hilles â Lycia parte of Taurus Many restored beyond hope The Pirates appoynted to inhabite hard places in the coast of Cilicia The large commission that Pompey had Ansvvere of Pompey to Mithridates Fight of horsemen The King fleâth A discomâiture vpon an errour ãâã ãâã Hiberians of ârmenia Spaine ãâã a citie in Cââhide vvhere sometyme occupved three hânâred nâââons of dyuers language Porus. ââ Aâhainâ of Troy A âacriâice of men Machares killeth himselfe for fear of his father ãâã vvere âââ ãâã that vvente ãâã Iason Pâometheââ vvas tyed at the hyââ ãâã Streââes of golde Aââos Artocus leythâin vvâyre for Pompey Pompey destroyeth the enârutes in a vvodde VVomen âound vvouÌded Amazones vver the vvomeÌ that ãâã one of
their breastes Tigâanes kiâleth ãâã of his children ãâã in great ãâã for ãâã Tâgranes sulââââtteth âo Pompey The ãâã of Tigranes Tigranes sonne is taken â caried in triumph Pompey ââldeââ Nicopolis Arâbians Pompey takeââ ãâã A straight interpretation of âight Paâticupâon a citie at ââsphorus âââeris Mithridates kyllâth his sonne Mithridates sick in the âace A mutenie at Phanagorea The kings children taken Cities reuolte The Kings Eanuchs be killed Pâarnaces âhe kings sonne ãâ¦ã saââââ ãâ¦ã ces The army reuolteth from the King by the practise of his ââââe ⪠Princes forââââ in calamitie The kings horse killed by his gard A crovvne of paper in stead of golde Tvvo of the kings daughters die constantly before him The poyson vvould not vvorke in the king bycause he had vsed dayly medicines against poyson vvhich of hys âââe be called Mâââridaââââ The vvords of Mithridates before his miseâable ende Treachery the greatest poyson to Kings The actes of ãâã The courage of the King. Mallce obteyning pardon vnthankefull A cruell King. Nemea the place vvhere teates vvere shevved in the honor of Hercules The strength of the king The learning of the king He loued Musicke The body of the King buryed ⪠at the charges of the Romanes Thanagââââ ârââ Aegââ â at touched Pompey appointeth kings âââ prââces The minister of Comâgena equall to king Castor Cities bâilded of Pompey Magnopâââ Pompeâopâliâ ãâã ful of treasure Ciââes to the ââââ The receyuing of pompey oâ Rome The triumpâ of Pompey Here a Millon is ten thousande The glory of Pompey Pharnaces maketh vvarre Asander Pharnaces slaine by a priuie âoâ Spiritual office of Comagene Iberia that parte of Spaynâ on eyther fide of Iberuâ the floud novv Ebrâ Ceââiberia that part vvhiche novv is called Arragon Brittayne novve Englande Spayne a great region âight furlongs maketh a mile Tartessus novv Taressa in Germania Arganthonius lyued a hundred and fifty yeares There vvere diuers Hercules vvhereof one vvas of Tirus borne of Aâleria another of Thâbes borne of Alâumena The first vvarre of Carthage foâ Siââlââ The olde aâcompt of yeares vvas by the Olimpiades vvhich vvere playes made euery fiue yeares in the honour of ââpiter institute of Hercules at Olimpia a Citie of âlide Amilchar ãâ¦ã In the first vvar vvââo the Care thâgies Hâsdruball Hanno ââdeâ novve Caleâ They bee evvo âlands in the âââthest part of âraâaâa next the streâghte of ââllaâar Stratageme of the Iberians Amilchar is ââyne Asdruball ãâ¦ã Iberus ãâ¦ã from ãâ¦ã âo the sea oâ ââââor ⪠a c. Sagânt vvas âcyond ãâ¦ã Iberus novve ãâ¦ã oâ Nomenâro ãâ¦ã of an Iland of the Ioman sea The coadâtieÌs Asdruball killed Anniball vvas âvvââne in hys youth to bee an ânâââye to the Romaines Anniball picââth a âuaââel ⪠gâyââte â ⪠ãâ¦ã Sagunt besteged The Romaine Ambassadoures forbidden to ââter Anniballs Campe. The Romaynes helpe not the Saguntines Annibal nameth Sagunt Carthage Spartâgena The manner of the Romaines deâââance to the Carthages ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã Pub. Scipio killed ãâã ãâã killed Carnelius Scipio offereth his seruice in a time of feare The ãâã of ãâã The modestle of Scipio The diligence of Scipio Scipio besiegeth nevve Carthagâ Nevv Carthagâ is taken Mago yeeldeth An opinion of Scipio that he did all things by inspiration from God. Revvards of the Romanes to him that firste mounted the vvall â grounde of golde vvas giuen Lersanâââââa Granata Cerbona The valientnes of Scipio Scipio taketh occasion of euery thing to encourage the Souldyoures The courage of Scipio ãâ¦ã victory ât Cerbona Asdruball passeth the mountaynes ãâ¦ã ãâã in ââââg to Syphax The opinion oâ the Carthage Embassador oâ Scipââ The victorie of Martius Souldyoures vvill not deliuer their armoure Castaces Illiturga Scipio vvounded The Castaces Yeelde to Scipio Astapa The desperatioÌ of the Astapeââ Scipio sicke The Romanââ souldioures âââtine The prudenââ of Scipio The prudence of Scipio Scipio to the souldioures that made the mutinie The authors of seditioÌ punished and the multitude pardoned ãâ¦ã Masâinisâ all ãâ¦ã Romanies ãâ¦ã the Carthagies had ãâ¦ã to ãâ¦ã enemies This is parte of ãâ¦ã and Liguria of Italy Santâ the countrey of Adriane and Traiane Scipio honored of all sortes Indibiliâ is killed This is Gallia To gate that did in ⪠ââ there the place âalled novv ââm âââder Emporium Cato compared to Demosthenes âis courage ââtâ rather rebuketh than chydeth his hoât The valtantnes and diligence of Cato The victory of Cato A people of Cato pulling dovvn the vvals of al Citties at once Fiue yeres vvas betvveene the Olympiades Fuluius hath victory Compolega The vvord is Sagum vvhich is core that souldiours vvere in vvarre ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã ââployâ of ãâ¦ã ãâ¦ã oâ the ãâ¦ã Conditions oâ ãâ¦ã Segetanes Araschians ⪠Carus Carus victorie of the Romaines Carus is slaine The feast of Vulcane vvas in August Arathon Leucon Fuluius vvinneth and looseth An Elephant hurt loseth the victorie Elephants common enimies The flight of the Romaines Axenium Blesus killed Ocile in Galacia The mountains be the cause of colde in hote countries Claudius Marcellus Ocile taken and pardoned Nergobriges vse crafte The vvar vvas ended by him that brought a rodde called Caduceum vvherof embassadours of peace are called Caduceatores Embassadors diuersely vsed in Rome Souldiours taââ by lotte ⪠Lucullus Scipio Marcellus procureth peace Linteuon Lucullus needie Vaccei people of the Iland of neather Spaine Tagus the floud Taâa in Lusitama Carpetanes dvvel at the ââoud Taio Caucaeans slayne at their Citie Extreame iniurie done to the Romanes by Lucullus Enderacia Scipio fighteth a combate and killeth a Spaniarde Romanes made afrayde VVant of salte Romanes perish Celtiberians câficeme not gold Pallantia a Citie âigh the ãâã Orius Turditanes people of Granata Lusitania novv Portugall The Romanes killed Vettones in hither Spayne of vvhome the hearbe Fetonie is named Captaine killed Blastophenicians Cessaro The Romanes ouerthrovven vnder Mummius Cunistorges in Celtiberia Victorie of Mummius Ostrace âottanes Seruius Galba taketh too much of his vvearie sould youres and loseth Carmena Cuneans Lucullus Another manifest ââiurie of Lucullus Viriatus Galba described Vettilius The policie and hardinesse of Viriatus Tribola Traynes on the Romanes Vettilius taken and killed Carpesso Arganthonius the old Kyng Viriatus kill ãâã the Spanyards sent against him C Plautius The ãâã killed Plautius is onescome Q. Fabius Maximus Orsona Viriatus spoyleth the Romanes Maximus refuseth fight till he had trayned his men ãâã killeââ ⪠Romanes ãâã Basitanes Corduba Cordonâ â M. Aemilianus Micipsâ Romanes killed Fannius Curius and Apuleius captaines of the âues Iseadia Semella Oballa Great murder by execution Here âackhth Conoba Hands cut of Erisana ãâã content to make peace vvhen he had âauntage The peace not allovved Capio Arsa Viriatus saueth his âââ again by policie Inn. Brutus Rodes of Spainâ Valiant ãâã Orius Nibene Battarans Labrica Capâo vseth mercie Praâââse to kil Viriatus ⪠The manner of killing Viriatâs Honor done to Viriatus at his bâriall The prayse of Viriatus Tantalus Here vvanteth Termantia Numantia Here vvanteth Pompey
God guideth kings The maruellous loue of Antiochê° A singular Phisition A rare example of a princely fatherly loue to an afflicted modest sonne A most glorious acte ⪠The noble king Seleucus is killed by treason of Ptolomie Cârââââo vvhom he kept from his fathers fury Argos Diomedes Ceraunius is a name giuen for boldnes and svviftnesse of vvitte Phâleterus bought the dead body of Seleucus to bury it Token of Lysimachus raigne Aristander southsayer Thorax The faythfulnes of a dogge Tvvo noble princes The succession of Seleucus Antiochus Sotâr that is sauiour Antiochus Deus Laodice Berenice Seleucus Calinicus Seleucus Antiochus Mâgnus Artaxia king The Senate of Popilââs Elymaea at the coast of Eupatâr Alexander the counterfaite getteth the kingdom of Syâiâ ââcaâââ Dâodotus bringeth in the âastards son Râphon Antiochus âââleth him ãâã Dâmetrius is âââled oâ his vvise Selencus is killed oâ hââ mother Grypus killed his mother to saue himselfe Cyzicenus driueth ouâ Grypus Seleuâus driueth out Cyzicenus Mopsus is a âree Citie in Cilicia vvhich Sââaâo calleth Mopsuââââ Eâsebes good or devvtifull Pompey taketh the kingdomâ of Syriâ The proper name of Dido vvas ãâã vvho killed hirselfe rather than she vvould mary vvith a Barbarian king Tyrus is novv called Pââââââââ It vvas ââ Iland Alexander ioyned ââ to the land Pygmaleon son to ãâã kin of Tyrus killed Sycheas his sisters ãâã Byrsa is an âyde or a skinne Phââiâââ is in Syria next the Iâwâ Inââentrice of letters and nauigation theyâ tvvo chief câââââ vvere Tyrus and Sydââ The Greeke vvord is ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã vvhich signifieth accuâsed or a place that may not be inhabited The habitation vvas âedde by â Gracââus and Flaccus vvhen the citie vvas troubled for the âavv of landes but not then allovved ââe âarthagiââ send to Lacedemonia for a Captaine Santippus is sent froÌ Lacedemonia Aspis or Clââââ of the likenesse of a buckâer is a Citie in Affricâ in the proâântâ ⪠rie of Mercurie Regulââ diâââadââth peace in Rome and is tormented to death at Carthage The ingratitude of the Carthaginians tovvard Santippus After 24. yeares vvar the Cartha gââs vvere driueÌ out of Sicelie C. ââctâtuâ Catullus being Consul The Carthagies kill the Romaine merchaÌts ââerus novv ââbââis a floud in Spaine âat diuideâh Arââon An openion of diuine iuspuâââoÌ in Scipio Contention in the Senate for Scipio going to Carthage The slender setting forth of Scipio to so great a vvarre The pollicie of Scipio to arme 300 ⪠Italians Ligurie is that part of Italie vvhich novv be longeth to the Genowais Massinissa is made sure to Sophinisba Syphax in loue vvitin Sophoniba maketh vvarre vpon the Carthaginians and allieth vvith Scipio Missinissa allieth vvith Scipio Sophinisba is giueÌ to Syphax Massinissa escapeth traynes Massinissa trayneth his men The hardnes of the Numidians The manner of Massinissa in the vvarre Vtica vvas the fayreââ citie in Affââcâ next Carthage thirtie miles of in the vvhich Cato killed himselfe vvhen Caesar folovved him Syphax goeth from the campe Agathocles vvas Tiraâââ of Syracusâ and buââded this tovver vvhen he made vvat against the Cââthagiâs Scipio getteth ⪠a day by the policie of Massinissa Massinissa taketh Hanno and claymeth him for his mother Locha is spoyled by souldiouâs furie A seconâ viââorye ââ âââpiâ The siâge of Vââcâ These hookes vvere like sâthââ to pal the stoâââ out of the vvaââ Syphax coÌmeth againe to the field Siphex dealeth for peace The practise of Syphax A practââe to âââ Massinissa ãâ¦ã taketh ãâ¦ã ân the vvhiche vvas the Romaynes proânion The determination of the ennimâe againste the Romanes Massinissa saueth the Romanes froÌ a greate danger The oration of Scipio touching the sodaine assalting of the ennimye This eare is ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã such as coÌmeth of a cause vnkâovven and can not be staied as Iuââtâr put among the Tiââaâs Feare in the Carthagies camp An other victorye of the Romanes Syphax fleeth Scipio revvardeth hys souldioures Asdruball fleeth and is condemned and ryseth againste hys Countrey Anea Scipio saueth the Romane shippes Massinissa and the Romanes against Syphax The fighte betvveene tvvoo Kings Syphax and Massinissa Massinissa taketh Syphax Cyrtis novve Constanâ vvhere Iugârth killed Adhââbââ A priuie message ââoÌ Sephoniâbâ to Massinissa Syphax biddeth Scipio bevvare of Sophonisba Scipio vseth Syphax friendlye as Cyrus Craesus Massinissa is loath to leaue Sophonisba Shee dyeth lââe a noble harted Ladye Syphax is sent to Rome Syphax dyeth in prison Practise against Scipio Sacrifices signifying fyre The conspiraââ bevvrayed Asdrubal is accused falslye Romane shiââ taken Scipio leaueth âhâ siege at Vtica Hippon this socmeth to bee the country of saint Aosten Expânâââ Aââcatie of peace Dâeise opinââs ân the Sen ââe Annibal in Affrica Alrumeta is so fat from Carthagâ as Annibal rode in post tvvo dayes and tvvo nightes Areacides Masiâlaâ Vermina Annibal getteth Narces by tââasâ People of Carthage do spoââe the Romanes ââ time of peace Modestie of Scipio Zama A fight of horsemen Victual taken from Annibal Annibal maketh meane to Massinissa to escape present famiââ Annibal escapâââ famââe The rude people of Carthage The malice of the people against Asdrubal Asdrubal killeth himselfe The spight of the people against him The peaââ broken Parthos Scipio câââ leth Annibalâ espies âo be led about his army Talke betvven Scipio and Annibal Cilla Annibal in straightes The order of Annibals battell Gymâaâiâ be the Ilands called âaâeares novv Maâââcâ and Nicorea Eâcamas Scipio his order Scipio to his souldiours Annibal to his souldiours The Elephants put backe at the vvings The Elephants trouble the Romanes fotemen in the battel Scipio leaueth his horse to fight vvith the Bâephanâs Massinissa vvouÌdeth Massintha Scipio and Annibal fighte Massinissa commeth to the danger that Scipio vvas in The Romanes skil in âight Annibal renevveth the fight Massinissa and Annibal fighteth Scipio commeth in reliefe of Massinassa ârrour in the battel Annibal âyeth Annibal flyeth to Thonne Annibal coÌmeth in hast to Adrumeââ Scipio âeâdeth Lalâââ vvith the nevves to Româ Carthage seÌdeth to Scipio for peace Carthage âueth for peace People in free citties disobedent Iustification Submissionâ Scipio to the Embassadoures of Carthage People resiste peace Annibal persuâ saâdeth peace In this place the Greeke texte is vnperfect Discorde in the Senate house touching the peace Contention in Rome for peace vvith Carthage VVhat is to be considered in vvarre P. Cornelius speaketh against the peace that Scipio offered to the Carthaginians Sigunt is novve called Murâedre Examples of the Carthaginians crueltie and vnfaithfulnesse Nuceria novve Nocera Acerra one in âmbââa an other in Campania Foure hundred cities destroyed in Italy by Annibal Causes that ââde Sââpio to make peace vvith the Carââa gââans ãâ¦ã â goodlye ãâ¦ã in the ãâ¦ã an sea adâoyning to Caââa ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ⪠The Greeke vvord sometime signifyed pypers but here it is Sââââ after the Tâscâââ manner Laurel or Bay dedicate to triumphes and to the gates of Emperours houses Priuiledge of triumph
Massinissa falleth out vvith the Carthagies Partialitie of the Romaines Factions in Carthage Celtiberia is that part of Spaine vvhich novve they cal Aragon âoââârch vvas an office of the state hyest as appeareth in Plutarch The Romaines partial To hold vp hands in the greeke phrase is to decide and determine Tysca a country of âiâtie Cities Cato Arbiter Cato against Carthage Scipio contrary to Cato Tumult in Carthage Tvvo sonnes of Massinissa sent to Carthage Amilchar Sa ãâ¦ã Oroscopia Captaines of Massinissa âeuolte to the enimies Scipio the yoÌger The age streÌgth and valtantnesse of Massinissa Numidians of long life Scipio beholdeth the fightâ betvvene the Carthagies and Massinissa Idâ an hill in Troade Scipio is made âmper betvvixâ Massinissa and the Carthogies Partialitie of the Romaines Priuie instructions giuen the ambassadours Famine in the Carthagies camp The Carthegies yelde to Massinissa The Carthagies flaine The third vvar vvith Carthage Asdrubal is condemned Boetharch vvas a chiefe office in Thebes and Baeotia Ambassadours from Carthage to Rome The doubtful dealing of the Senate vvith the Carthagies Vtica is giuen to the Romanes The third vvas vvith Carthage is determined VVat made vvithout proclamation The Senate sayeth one thing and meaneth another ââident deuble dealing of the Romanes The Romaynes âriââ at Vtica Firbaâââ loââes of Carthaâââââ the Conâââs at Vtica Aduersitie Mutation of Fortune ⪠Auntient Romanes kept coue nauntes Othe in league Emporiâ ⪠Decree if pledges vvere deliuered The Romane Consull to the Carthaginians The Carthagit nians deliuer the â armâure The Carthaginians are commaÌded to forsake the Citie So âaine pasion ãâã Gylla to the ãâã Phâââppâs ãâã ãâã Misery cause of muche speaââââ Misery Reuengement belongeth to God. The Romane Consull to the Carthaginians Sea occasion of offence Sicilie Spaine Sea like Marchauntes Athenienses âost al by couering too much by sea Gaine vppon âând lesse but more sure A Citie in the sea like a shippe The great Monarchies on the lande Forgetfulnesse remedie against miserye Carthagââââns conâe of Tyrus Alba. Sea men Men be the cittie and not houses Carthagâeâ speak against âroââle in Carthâgâ at the sight ât the Ambassadours Fury of the Carthagies ⪠The feâstes of ââcchââ be âhevved by tunes for the dronken sort do differ little from mad folke The âage of the people of Carthage Carthage determined to stand to deâfence The Carthagies are denied to send to Rome The mââuââous diligence of the Carthagies Of euils the lesser Massinissae offended Massinissa offended vvith the Romaines The discription of Carthage One vveake place The admirals port The Consuls against Carthage by sea and land Imileo Cesorinus Ioseth men The Romaines haue three repulses The Carthagies burn part of the Romanes engines Scipio shevveth his vvisedome being an inferiour officer in the campe In this place is a vvant of text The Carthagies burne part of the Romanes nauy Phameas The circumspection of Scipio Enuie against Scipio Scipio iust of promise The progenie of Scipio Nepheris Scipios Counsel is reâected The Romanes are ouerthroven by Asdruball Scipio saueth the Consul and his army Counsell before doyng Scipio saueth 4. bands that vver in daunger OpinioÌ of Gods vvorking in Scipio Griefe for âââ vnburied souldioures Tribunes vvere rings of golde the other of yâon A general good reporte of Scipio Massinissa maketh Scipio hys executor Massinissa dyeth A fortunate maÌ Cyrene novve Corene conrayning the prouince of fyue Citties Massinissa of 900. yeares of age had a childe of foure yeares olde The order that Scipio tooke vpon Massinissas children Micipsa Gelossa and Mastaâabâ The talke betvvene Scipio Pharmeas A nevve âoddâ of Manlius to Nepheris ⪠A letter to Scipio Phameas yeeldeth to Scipio Phameas to hys Capâtaynes Hanno the vvhite The great dungeon Scipio and Phameas to Rome The peoples opinion of Scipio ãâ¦ã ⪠Hypozareta This citie of Hâpââ vâââ builded of the horsemen and vvas the Country of S. Aââstââ Another Hââpo vvas builded in the Fenne and called therfore Dâlâtus builded also by the horsmen They burne the Consullâ munition Bythiââ reuolteth to the Carthaginiâns The Carthaginians procure friendeâ The lustinesse of the Carthaginians Asdrubal vvithout accuseth Asdrubal vvithin Asdrubal vvithin is killed Edises had rule of houses and prouision Aucthoritie of people Scipio is chosen Consull before his tyme and the Lavve broken for oââ yeare by example of the âacedemonians Pylus a cittie or tvvo iâ Pelopeââso Scipio is appointed to Libya by the people Piso attempteth the vvall Mancinus giueth a rashe attempt Mancinus in danger Scipio at his arriuall doth a seate Mancinus is ââââ and beaten Scipio saueth Mansinus Serânââ Asdrubal Bythias Lavv of ââmââ The exhortatioÌ of Scipio to the souldiours that vvere out of order Exampleâ good lesson Megara one of the strong places of Cartbage Scipio gaynerh a Tovver Great alteratioÌ in Carthogâ The crueltie of Asdrubal Crueltie oute of time The Carthaginiâns fles into Byrsa VVorkes of Scipio The great treÌch that Scipio madâ Straightnesse of victuall in Carthage The only vvay to victuall Carthage Asdrubal feedeth his souldioures Scipio stoppeth the part of Carthage The Carthagies make a nevve port and nevv shippes Carthagies come forth vvith a nevv nauy and lose their occasion Fate vnresistable The fight on the sea by the Carthagies Carthagies giue place and confounde themselues A feate of the Sidents The Carthagies run vpoÌ the Romanes munition vvith desperatnesse Feare in the Romanes Campe. Scipio is forced to kil his ovvne solliors to kepe them sroÌ flying The Carthagies trenche gotten Scipio end miageth the Carthaginians by lande The asiaulte at ââpheris Nepheris takââ vvith a greaâ slaughter Victual kept âââ Carthage Agatho one of the port of Carthage Laelius assault Three streeteâ to Byrsa The miserable murder The attempt against Byrsa Grieuous fight Scipios pain and abstinence Aesculapius temple Carthagies aske pardon and. 50 thousand goe out of Byrsa Renavvayes of Rome Asdrubal flyeth to Scipio The fugitiues set themselues on fire The death of Asdrubals vvife Scipio vvrepeth at the sight of Carthage ouerchrovvne Mutations of states in the vvorlde The vvordes of Scipio Polibius vvas schoolemaister ââ Scipio borne in Arcadia Scipio giueth the spoile to the soldioures Scipio giueth nâo giftes to them that spoiled Appollo The goodnesse of Scipio The Romane make feastes of the report of the nevves Remembraunce of former vvar in Rome Supplications made at Rome Ten men sent into Libya The inhabitaÌce of Carthage forbidden Puniâhments Revvardes ãâ¦ã triâpheth Pseudophilippus Andrsâuâ counterfaited to hee Philippeâ sonne King of Macedonie Mummius vvas Corinth C. Gracchus vvas brother to Semproâus Gracchus The plaâ of the habitation at Carthage is confounded A vision that Caesar had caused a nevve citie to be made not faâre from the olde by his successoâ Octauius The Author calleth Augustus Iulius Caesar Partâââ a Region of Assyria the inhabitaunce of the vvhich came out of Syria Gabinius is banished for making vvarâe vppon Aegipt Crassus Bibulus Saxa Caesar ⪠Pompey ⪠Crassus Proânces by lotte Pompey
Vxorius Crassus proude of his prouince The Parthians vvere not in the decree Lucullus Tigranes Pompey Caesar stirreth Crassus to the vvarre of the Paribians Execrations againâste Crassus Curses not to be vsed Atteius blaâed Galatia is Asia the lesse A iest betvveen Deiotarus and Crassus ⪠Age of Crassus Zenodotium a ââtie of Osrââne Crassus sonne from Caesar Errour of Crassus Babilon the chieâ citie of Chaldea Hierapolis is ââecâ against Lâodiciâ The Godde ââ of Hâeâapolis Nâtââre The Parthians message to Crassus Arsaces King of Parthââ for vvhose good rule the Parthâans call all their Kings Arsaces Seleâcia one in Syria Antiochena other at Eâphraâes third at Beluâ The Italian text varieth A sharp ansvver Report encrea ⪠Eng feare Aâmeniâ is betvveene Iâârus and ãâ¦ã Capaââââ a Region oâ Pontus called Leucosyriâ Sacrifices shevve euill tokens Artâbaseâ King of Armenia ând dued vvith all leâââng vvhom Antony took by treason and caried him in triuniphe at Alexandria to please Cleopatra Crassus refuseth good counsell ââiââ tokens to Crassus A folish vvorde paââeth Crassus Crassus excuseth ââs vveakenes Crassus in a vaine hope Seleucia a plentifull place The Counsel of Cassius not folovved Acbarâs vseth craft vvith Crassus Acbarus deceyneth Crassus Sâythia in Asia Hirâania a play â region most aboundant The Faââbian king inuadeth Armenia and seÌdeth Surenas against the Romanes Surenaâ is senâ against Crassus The nobility of Surenas Orodes is brought out of exile by Surenââ The text varieth Artabazes signifieth he is inuaded Orodes king of Partâââ Crassus maketh a frovvard aunsvvere Crassus misâiketh the iourney Arbarus deceiueth him and all the rest Arabia is tvvo parts bârânne Assiria the furthest part of Syâââ More tokens of âuil Balissus The Parthians manner in going to fight Surenas The beginning of disorder in the Romanes Campe. The Parthians manner in the vvaââe The Parthians reââe their shotte Yong ⪠Crassus vvith Censorinus and Mâgabaââus The Romaneâ killed Romanes vnable to helpe The valiantnes of the Galatians Publius Crassus sore vvounded Carria the great ⪠in Asis Irna A noble ansvver of a yong man. The death of P. Crassus his tvvo friendes Crassus in hope Crassus perplexed The Parthians shevve their spight Crassus shevveth himselfe noble ⪠The vvordes of Crassus to comforte his souldioures A declaration of the Romanes faintnesse The fight The Parthians reste Arsaces Crassus an exemple of Fortunes mutabilitie Egnatius Carras Coponius Egnatius euill thoughte of thought hee saued his bande Romanes killed Vargunteius hys bandes slaine Tvventie souldioures are suffred to passe the enimies Surenâ vseth an other ãâã to ãâã Crassus The deceipt of Surena Crassus deceiued by Andromachus Cassius retourneth Syââcha ãâ¦ã Octauius coÌmeth to helpe Crassus Nevve vvyleâ of Surenas Crassus continually deceiued The souldiours compell Crassus to take the vvorst vvay Crassus to the army ãâã A ãâã of Surenas Surenas vvithout saith Aâaunt to the Romanes Crassus âââsed and led avvaye Octauius slaine Maxarthes Crassus killed Miserable ende of Crassus and the Romanes The number of the Romanes slaine Caius Spight done to Crassus after hâ death Ballades founde and red in spite Aristides of Milesi Rescius Aesopus a vvriter of verses by the vvhich Surenas taketh occasion to raiâe vpon the Romanes Sybaritida is the vvorde signifying theÌ that follovve all vvantonnesse Arsacidas the Kinges house of Parthia coÌmeth oute of Milesia League betvveene ⪠the Kings of Armenia and Parthia Barbarian kinges learned Pacoro Agaue in hir fury killed hir son A play at the bringing of Crassus heade Silaces bringeth Crassus heade Pentheus vvas the sonne of Agaue The killers of Crassus revvarded Surenas is killed of Grodes and Orodes of his son Phraartes Labinius Antonie Ventidius Antonie is made minister of diuine Caesar A Southsayeâ Antonies Angel afraide of Octa ãâ¦ã us Angel. Ventidius hath good lucke in Parthia Clepsidra vvas vvel in the castle of Athens Pacorus slaine Ventidius leaueth to do furder againste the Parthians for feare of Antonies enuy Samosata bringeth forth an earth that setteth vvater afire in that parte of Syria that is called Comagene Antonius is deceyued of his hope and returneth doyng nothing Ventidius triumpheth of the Parthians Octauius and Antonie more fortunate by their Lieutenaunts than themselues Sosius Canidius Phraartes killeth his father Orodes * This Iberia is nighe the hyll Caucasus full of veniââe from vvhence they came that novv inhabite Spaine Antonie vvoulde giue revvarde comparable to the kings of Persia Larissa there be many of that name One in Asia nighe Tralus Arethusa one in Syria another in Lubaa Hierapolis in Mesopotamia Forces of Antonie Bactrians people in Scythia of Assia Cleopatra is cause of the decay of a greate preparation Antonie abused by Cleopatra Eight furlongs maketh a myle Atropatea is part is a parte of Media Ramme an engine to beate vvalles of a cittie Antony leaueth hys artillerie behinde him Phraata besieged Antonies error The artillerie is taken and the keepers killed Statianus and Polemon be killed Artabazes forsaketh the Romanes The Parthians maruel at the good order of the Romanes The Romanes haue a victorie of smal accompt The Romaines hardly gette to their Campe. The Romaynes punished by lod Autumne A craftie practise VVinter and Hunger tvvogreat enimies Antony deceyued Antonie committeth the speeche to his souldiours another contrary to his vvonte Mardi be people in Hyrcania Mardus taketh vppon him to leade the armye the best vvay Mardus bounde The Parthians come vppon Antonie on the sodaine French horsmen Flauius Gallus The âaâhencite of Gallus The sobernesse of Titius Canidius committeth a greate errour A slaughter of the Romanes Antonie comforteth his menne and they him Antonie a verye good Captaine Causes of the souldiours loue tovvarde ãâã Antony discouraâed Antonies prayer The manner of the Romanes againste the Par ãâ¦ã The Parthians deceyued The fight at haÌd The miserie of the Romanes Chaniâ attiââ coÌtaineth 2. Sextarij and Sextarij is the sixte part of Corgâo Dragmâ vvas as muche as a Romane Penny. Hearbs hurtefuâ vvlâche ⪠the soldioures eat An hearbe making men mad Ten thousande Grecians passed from the field of their loste Captaine vvithout hurte Antonie soone led to hope Mithridaâes sent by Monâsââ giâeth Antonie vvarning Antonie griâued The Parthians come âby night VVater âââtful A nevv vvaâniâg Disorder in the Romanes caÌpe amoÌg theÌselues Antonie in dispayâe A colde aire declareth a floude to be at hande Araxes coÌmeth out of the hyll that Euphrates dothe The reioicing of the Romanes being come into Armenia Thys vvarre vvas not accoÌpâed for lacke of Armenian horsemen Antonie taketh the king and maketh a triumph of him at Alexandria vvhiche grieueth the Romanes Illyria novv Slauââââ Chaonia part that is mouÌtaines Thesprotia that is next to Chaonia ⪠Paeonia is a parte of Macedonia The breadth length of Illyria Illyrius sonne to Polyphemus Celte by that part of Fraunce that is about Lions Taulantij vvent from Illyria to Macedonia and builded Aââissâ Perâhabâ fled into Aetolia Aâhillai Ilanders Autarians vvere most
by treason in the nighte slewe all that were there sauing a few that fledde and tooke away the Gallies of the Citie Betwéene Carbo Sylla was a sore fight at Clusium till the Sunne wente downe when they had fought with like courage on both sides nighte did ende the fight In the field of Spoleto Pompeius and Crassas both Lieutenants to Sylla did kil thrée thousand of Carbos Souldiers and beséeged Carinna that was Camped ouer against them Carbo minded to reléeue Carinna with his other host which Sylla vnderstanding placed an embushment and as they were passing destroyed two thousand of them Carinna in the darke nighte full of rayne and showers although his enimies perceyued but cared not for it for the foule tempest he fiedde away Carbo vnderstanding that Marius his fellowe was distressed with hunger at Preneste commaunded Martius to goe thither with eyght Legions agaynste whome Pompeius lying in awayte in a straighte put them from their iourney and hauing killed many held the other as beséeged vpon an hill where vppon Martius without any companion the fiers being still kept fledde away The army laying the blame of the deceyte vpon him fell to diuision and one whole legion vnder their ensignes without anye commaundement marched to Ariminum the other wente euery man to his Countrey so as there remayned but seauen bandes with the Capsayne Martius with this infelicitie came to Carbo Marcus Lamponius from Lucania Pontius Tilisius from the Samnites and Capuanus Gutta leading seauenty thousande men came to deliuer Marius from the séege Sylla vnderstanding of it kepte them backe at a streight where they must néedes passe Marius being vtterly voyde of all helpe withoute made a forte in the playne that was large betwéene both hostes into the which he brought his army and ensignes to force Lucretius with the whiche attempting manye warres in vayne he retyred againe into Preneste At this time Carbo and Norbanus in Placentia came on the suddayne in the euening to the place where Metellus lay and being within one houre of the night amoÌg the Uineyards fondly and suriously set vpoÌ him thinking by their suddaine assault to ouerthrow Metellus but being ouercome by the iniquitie of the time and place entangled among the vines tenne thousand were slayne vj. thousand yéelded to the enimâe the rest ranne away and but one thousande departed in order to Arretio Another Legion of Lucanes led by Albinouanus hearing of this losse fledde to Metellus for aughte he coulde doe Albinouanus in greate rage came to Norbanus but shortlye after making a secret compact with Sylla to be assured as he should do a notable seruice he inuited Norbanus and his chiefe Captaynes to a baÌquet as Gaius Antipestris Flauius Fimbria his brother y in Asia had killed himself al other his officers preseÌt of y Camp. All the whiche being come except Norbanus who onely was absent he slew them in his tent and fledde to Sylla Norbanus hearing of the losse at Arimiââ and that diuers of their armyes were fledde to Sylla supposing nowe no more trust to be in friendship as in aduersitie it hapneth tooke a priuate little boate and sayled to y Rhodes in the which place being required after of Sylla and y Rhodianes doubting what to do he killed himselfe in the middest of their common place Carbo commauuded Damasippo at Preneste to take two Legions and to deliuer Marius froÌ the seege but the could not do it bycause the streyghtes were kepte of Sylla All the Frenchmen that from Rauenna âwelte to the Alpes dyd reuolte to Metellus Lucullus did ouercome another part of Carbo his host at Placentia whiche when Carbo heard hauing yet thirtie thousande Souldyers at Clusie two Legions of Damasippus and many other with Carinna and Martio and a greate number of Samnites who refused no payne in passing the streightes béeyng out of al hope cowardly sayled into Lybia with his friends being yet in opinion to turne Lybia against Italy They that remayned at Clusie came to a fighte with Pompey before that Citie and lost aboute twenty thousand of their men whiche losse had the rest returned to their owne Countreys Carinna Martius and Damasippus with the Samnites met at the streightes to passe by very force which when they could not do they marched toward Rome thinking as voide of men streÌgth and for lacke of victual to take it They encamped at Albano tenne mâles off Sylla fearing that their comming myghte molest the Citie sente his Horsemenne with all diligence to encounter them by the way and himselfe with his mighty army came at midday and lay at Porte Collina a little from Venus Temple The enimies encamping also at the Gates of the Citie a great fight beganne a little before the Sunne set In the ryght wing Sylla had the better the left wing hauing the worse fledde to the Gates The olde men that were there séeing the enimie also comming among the other let downe the Portculice and killed many whereof some were Senatoures and some Gentlemen The other of force and necessitie turned to their enimyes and fought all night with a great slaughter In this battell was slayne Telesinus and Albinus both Pretors and theyr Campes taken Lamponius Lucanus Martius Carinna and other Captaynes of Carbos faction fledde Greate was the slaughter at this fighte for it is saide there was slayne about fiftie thousand and aboue eyght thousand takeÌ prisoners and bycause the greater part of them were Samnites Sylla caused them all to be shotte to death The next day Martius and Carinna were brought captiue vnto him whome he did not pardon after the Romaine manner but put them to death and sent their heads to Lucretio to nayle them on the wall at Preneste which when the Prenestines saw and hearing that al Carbos armies were destroyd and Norbanus fledde out of Italy and that the rest of Italy with the Citie of Rome were for Sylla they did yéelde the Citie to Lucretiâ Marius hidde himselfe in a Caue and shortly after killed hymselfe Lucretius cutte off his head and sente it to Sylla who hanged it vp in the common place giuing him this taunt for his yong yeares to be a Consull A man must firste be a Mariner before he can be a Maister When Lucretius had receyued Preneste he kylled part of the Senatoures that were for Marius and part he putte in prison all the which Sylla at his comming put to deathe and commaunding all the Prenestines to come without armour into his Campe he chose of them suche as he thoughte had done hym seruice whiche were but few The other he deuided into thrée partes Romaines Samnites and Prenestines He pardoned the Remaines although as he tolde them they had deserued death Both the other he commaunded to be done to death with dartes The women and the children he suffered to goe away frée The Citie he sacked
friendes came vnto him and againe prayed him not to dissente from the Senate bycause it was decréed that there shoulde be no question of Caesars deathe Further they feared Antony and his power who neyther came himselfe to méete Caesars sonne nor sent any man to receyue hym all the whiche Octauius tooke very temperately and said it was méete that he should goe first to Antony as a yong man to an elder and a priuate man to a Consul and that he would obserue y Senate as should be conuenient And though quoth he there be a decrée that no man should persecute the killers and yet if anye maÌ durst take it in hand bath the people and the Senate by law and the goods by iustice yea and peraduenture Antony also wyll be helps to it if he did refuse the inheritaÌce adoptioÌ he should offend againste Caesar defraude the people of their distribution In the end he knit vp his spéech that it was not onely honest for him to put himselfe in daÌger for this matter but also if néede be to lose his life otherwise he should séeme vnworthy the choyce y Caesar had made of him in so great matters séeing he himself was wont to contemne all maner of perill Then turning to his mother he rehearsed those words that Achilles spake to Thetis I do rather wish of my life an ende Than I should omitte reuengement of my friend This word quoth he did winne Achilles immortall fame but much more the déede and that he ought to reuenge Caesar not as a friende but as a father not as a fellowe Souldiour but as a Generall not dying by lawe of warre but murthered wickedly in the Senate house For this spéeche his mother from feare turned to you embraced him affirming he only was worthy for Caesar This talke being ended she prayed that all myghte haue lucky and prosperous successe with spéede yet she perswaded him at the firste rather to vse policie and sufferance than playnenesse and boldnesse when he commending hir aunswered he would so do In the nighte he sent to his friendes and prayed them the nexte morning to be with him in the coÌmon place wyth the other multitude In that place méeting with Caius Antonius brother to Marcus Antonius a Pretor of the Citie he sayde vnto him that he did accept the adoption of Caesar for it was the manner of Rome that the adopted children should exhibite testimonie to the Pretors which beyng registred he straighte wente out of the common place to Antony the other Conâull who was then in Pompeys gardings whiche Caesar had giuen him and when hée had tarryed at the gate a long whyle he entred into a suspition of Antonies alteration Being at length lette in due salutations and intretaynmeÌts were betwéene them and bycause they must talke of things that were expedient Octauius Caesar sayd thus I Father Antony for the benefites that Caesar shewed to thée and the thankes thou gauest to him requiring thée to be a father to râe do prayse thée for the things thou hast done for him and I will be thy debtor of thankes for them but wherein I maye blame thée I will speake it frankely for dolor doth thereto driue me When he was slayne thou wast not present the quellers holding thée withoute the dores for eyther shouldest thou haue saued him or haue bin in the like daunger thy selfe of the whych if the latter must haue happened It is well now that thou wast absente When some decréed them to be honored as againste a Tyrant ⪠thou denyedst it effectually for the whych I know thou deseruest cléere thankes but if thou knowest that those men did conspire thy death not as one that woulde reuenge Caesar as we thinke then were they not Tyrantkillers and for that they fled to the Capitoll as to a Sanctuary like offendors crauing mercâe or into a sorte as enimies for their strength wherefore obliuion and acquitall of the murther was required for theÌ though some of the Senate or the people were corrupted of them and if thou hadst bin otherwise minded thy office did require thee to punish so great a fault and to correct them that did erre yet diddest thou send pledges of thine owne into the Capitoll for the assurance of the manquellers Well graunt the corrupted sort did force thée to it but when Caesars Testament was redde and thou madest his funerall Oration as righte was and the people for the fresh memorie of Caesar carryed a fire againste them and for their neyghboures sake spared them and agayne they were in armes twice the next day why didst not thou help the people as their leader with fire or armoure to punishe the murtherers if any punishment ought to be of them that are euident offendors by thée a friende to Caesar a Consull and Antony Marius Amatius by commaundement of thy great power was put to deathe but the quellers thou susferedst to slée and to runne to certayne prouinces which wrongfully they holde hauing killed him that gaue them Syria and Macedonia thou and Dolabella doyng well when thinges were setled tooke from them for the whiche I would thanke thée if thou hadst not straight appoynted them to Creta and Cyrene and thought fugitiues worthy prouinces euer to be as garrisons against me Decimus hauyng France our neybour you haue suffered he also being made ruler of that and other by my father but some will say the Senate did determine it yea and thou didst confirme it and satest as chiefe in that Senate the which thou chiefly of all others for thy selfe oughtest to haue resisted To giue them obliuion of their faulâo was as a granting only of their liues but to assigne prouinces and honor was a contumelie of Caesar and an ouerthrow of the iudgement Therefore as passion dothe carrie me peraduenture beyonde the due respect of my yeares and reuerence to thée I will speake it both as to a sure friende of Caesar and of him though worthye much honor and power and also as to one that mighte haue bin his heire if he had knowen that thou hadst come of Aeneas rather than Hercules for that did he muche consider when he tooke order for his succession But for the tyme to come O Antony for the Gods of friendship and for the dutie to Caesar if thou wilt change any of the things done as thou must if thou wilt if not at the least help to further me that minde to be reuenged of the quellers with the people and such of my fathers friends as I haue and if any respect of men or of the Senate doth moue thée be not angry with me Thou knowest what a charge I and my house haue about these matters for the performing of the distribution that my father gaue to the people and for the care thereof that by delaying of them I might not séeme vnthankefull nor they that should receyue habitations in the countrey shoulde be
consumed by me tarrying in the Citie Of al that was to thée brought immediately after the death of Caesar to be in safetie for danger of his house the iewels apparel I thinke good thou shalt haue and al other things which thou wilt but for the distributioÌ giue me the coyned gold which he had gathered for his determinate warres which shall suffice me to deuide amoÌg thrée huÌdred thousand meÌ The residue of the charges if I may be so bold I will eyther of thée or by thy helpe borowe it of publike money and forthwith make sale of my priuate substance Whilest Caesar spake thus Antony was astonished at his courage and boldnesse farre beyond the opinioÌ of his yeares and being gréeued with his spéech made without reuerence of him specially for that he required the money he answered him sharply after this manner If Caesar togither with his inheritaÌce and name O sonne had left thée also the state thou mightest well haue required an accompt of common things and I must haue aunswered but if the Romaines haue by oth decréed that no man shall receyue rule by inheritance nor no man be a successour to Kings whome they did expell whiche was chiefly obiected againste the father of the quellers affirming they killed him as a King and not as a Captayne I ought not to aunswere thée touching any of these publike causes and by the same reason I do deliuer thée of the gyuing of thankes whiche thou owest to me therefore for it was done not for thy sake but for the peoples yet one of the greatest actes that euer was done for Caesar and for thée for if I of mine owne boldnesse and hate to them had ouerpast the honors for the strikers as killers of a Tyrante Caesar had bin iudged a Tyrant to whome neyther glory nor honor nor establishmente of his actes had bin made neyther Testament sonne or substaÌce had bin stayd nor his bodye bin thought worthy buriall no not as a priuate man for the law doth commaund the bodyes of Tyrants to be cast vnburied their memorie to be raced and theyr goodes to be made common all the which I fearing did contend for Caesars immortall glorye and for his publike buriall neyther without perill nor enuie of mine owne person of men fierce and full of bloudshed and as thou mayst know conspiring agaynste me and of the Senat that could euill beare thy fathers gouernement but I thought rather to offer my selfe to peril and trouble than to suffer Caesar to be dishonored and vnburyed the best of all other men most fortunate in his affaires and of all other vsing me most honorably By these mine onely perils thou hast presently these singulare benefites of Caesar his bloud ⪠his name hys dignitie and his substance for all the whyche thou oughtest rather to giue me thankes than to reprehende me for anye thyng done for the appeasing of the Senate for the recompence of such as had deserued or for other commodities and considerations séeyng thou art yong in respect to me therefore this shall be sufficient for that thou spakest héerein Thou doest glance at mée as though I were desirous of rule only which I neuer coueted and yet haue bin thought not altogither vnworthy of it Thou sayest I am sory for that I was not made heire by his testament yet by thine owne confession I am content with the petigrée of Hercules For thy necessitie that thou wouldest borrow of the common treasure I thinke thou didst but dissemble bycause thou canst not be ignorant that all is coÌsumed that thy father had the receypt of all the reuenue since he came to his authoritie being brought to him in steade of the treasure house to be found in his substance wheÌ we had determined to search for theÌ This caÌ be no wroÌg to Caesar being dead nor be called vniust though he wer aliue that being required would yéeld thée accoÌpts wheÌ thou shalt find the many priuate men will coÌtend with thée for hys goodes thou shalt wel perceiue thou câst not obteine theÌ without great controuersie As for the money which thou sayest was left wyth me neyther was the summe so greate nor nowe they be in my handes for all were distributed to officers and magistrates as Tyrants goodes Dolabella and my bréethren onely excepted and by me bestowed vpoÌ such purposes as Caesar had appointed wheÌ thou shalt haue the rest thou shalt bestow it rather vpon theÌ that may hinder thée thaÌ on the people if thou béest wise whome they will sende away if they be wise to their habitations For the people as thou oughtst to know being lately trayned in Gréeke letters is vnstable and euer mouing as waues in the Sea now comming now going After the which sorte the people haue set aloâte oure ambitious men and broughte them downe as lowe agayne Octauius beyng gréeued with many of these things that tended to contumelie wente his way often calling vpon his fathers name He put to sale his whole substance by and by that came vnto him by inheritance coueting to winne the people by thys liberalitie bycause Antony appeared a manifest enimie vnto him The Senate intending to make enquirie by decrée for the publike treasure many of them were afrayde of yong Caesar for the beneuolence of his father had with the Souldyers and the people and for the present largeââe in alluring of them by consuming of his substance which was verye greate many thinkyng that he woulde not liue in the rate of a priuate man and chieflie for that Antony woulde agrée with him bycause he was yong famous and rich and would still vsurp Caesars former dominion Some were ioyfull of these things that these men shoulde be at variance and by the inquisition of the moneys Caesars ryches should wast and they haue abundance of the common treasure bycause muche of the publike store would be found among Caesars goodes Manye of them called Caesar into the lawe for their lands euery one clayming his owne and for that muche was common by reason of condemned banished and attaynted men These controuersies they brought before Antony or before Dolabella the other Consul If any matter were heard before other Judges ⪠Caesar had euer the worst bycause of Antonyes friendship albeit he shewed by record what his father had purchased that al his acts were ratifyed by the last decrée of the Senate Many other actions of iniurie were put vp againste him extraordinarily and they grew infinit in so much as Pedius and Pinarius to whom Caesar had giuen a portion of land complayned of Antony for theÌselues and for Caesar as they that suffered wroÌg by the Senates decrée affirming he ought to reiect onely matters of despight and al other of Caesars doings he should confirm He answered that things done peradueÌture had some contrarietie with the Senates decrée and quoth he the decrée may be written contrary to the meaning For
And so of them hee made the warre with the Numantines whiche was long paynefull and daungerous to the Romanes the which when I haue done with Viriatus I wil shewe briefly This Viriatus fought in an other part of Spaine with another Capitaine of the Romanes Q. Pompeius And being ouercome hée fled to Venus hills From the which comming again vpon the enimy he killed many of Quintus meÌ tooke diuers ensigns droue the rest to their campe and caste out the garrison at Vtica â wasted the lande of the Basitanes For Quintus did not helpe them for cowardlinesse and vnskilfulnesse âut rested at Corduba in the middest of Autumne althoughe Martius didde moue hym to it sending a Spaniarde vnto him from an Italian Citie The next yeare Fabius Maximus brother of Aemilianus came successor to Quintus with two other Romane legioÌs and some friends So he had in all eightéene M. footmen a thousand sixe hundred horsemen He wrote to Micipse king of Numidia so soone as the time would serue to send him Elephants he with part of his armie wente to Vtica whome Viriatus encountring by the way with six thousand with great escries and alarms after their Barbarian manner with long and vgly heare Maximus withstoode him and without his losse repulsed him And when the other army was come and out of Affrica ten Elephants and three hundred horses he tooke a large place to encampe and fortified it He béeganne firste to âame Viriatus and to put him to flight and chase him But when the Romanes followed hym once oute of order he perceyuing it turned vpon them and killed thrée thousande of them and chased the reste to their campe the whiche hée assaulted and founde fewe at the gates to resiste hym for they were fledde into their Tentes for feare from whence the Generall and Captaines could hardly remoue them In that fight Fannius the sonne in lawe of Laelius behaued hymselfe valiauntlye and saued the Romanes by his comming Viriatus running by the darkenesse of the night and heate of the daye suffered no moment of time to passe in the which he did not molest the enimye with his shotte and light horsemen till Aemilianus encamped towarde Vtica Then Viriatus victuall fayling and with a small armye burning al his tents he weÌt into Lusitania whom when Aemilianus coulde not finde he spoyled fyue Townes that holâe Viriatus Then he led his armye into the borâures of the Cuneans and from thence into Lusitania against Viriatus and as he went two Captaines of théeues Curius and Apulcius troubled hym and made spoile But Curio being killed in the fight Aemilianus recouered the pray shortly after and tooke the Cities Iseadia and Semella and Oballa in the whiche the garrisons of Viriatus were Some of these he spoiled some he pardoned and of ten thousand captiues he headed fiue hundred and the other he âade to be killed confusedly which being done he went to winter the seconde yere of his prouince and this warre These things being done he went to Rome leauing Q. Pompeius his successor c. ¶ His brother Maximus Aemilianus hauing taken a Capitaine of theeues called Conoba who yéelded vnto him he pardoned only him and the handes of the reste he cut off After following Viriatus he entrenched his citie Erisana into the whiche Viriatus entring by night he set vppon the Pioners and workemen till they left the armye and their tooles and fled And he droue other to the hills and hard places from the whiche it was vnpossible for them to come But Viriatus that was neuer insolent by hys good fortune thinking he had nowe gotted a goodly occasion to make an end of the warre by shewing such a benefiâe to the Romanes made peace and league with them whiche was approued of the people that is to say That Viriatus shoulde be a friend of the Romanes That al y wer with him sholo be Lords of the land that they possessed So Viriatus thoughte he hadde made an ende of a great warre with the Romanes was quiet but the peace continued not long For Caepto the brother of Aemilianus did not allow those conditions y he had made wrote to Rome that it was dishonorable The Senate at the beginning priuily agréed to him thinking for the commoÌ wealth to professe emnitie against Viriatus And when he had wrote many letters therof vrged the matter they decréed that he should breake the league with Viriatus renue y war. Then Capio trusting vpon thys decrée made open war vpoÌ Viriatus tooke Arsa a âitie that he had left into his power And folowing Viriatus that went aboute wasting the Countryes hée ouertooke him at the country of the Carpetanes far excéeding him in number Wherfore Viriaâus not minding to fight fo his smal number sent away the great part of his armie by a certaine bypathe and placed the rest on an hill as thoughe he would fighte And when he thoughte they were come to the sure places hée tooke his horse with the spurres and with the reste of hys companye with great scorne of the enimie he went forth so spéedily that they that folowed him could not tell which way he became Then Caepio wasted the Countrys of the Vettones and Gallecians many followed Viriatus and spoyled Portugall Against them Sextus Iunius Brutus was sent who being wearye of the long waye whiche Tagus Lâthe Darias and Betis nauigeable floudes conteyne staide from following him For they lyke théeues conueyed themselues out of sight in a moment Wherefore Brutus thought it a great labour to ouertake them and not to doe it a greate dishonor and supposing finall glorie to be in ouerthrowing them he went to spoile their campes both bycause he thought he might so chastice them and also get a great bootie for his souldiors and furder that that bande of robbers woulde scatter when they shoulde thinke of the daunger of theyr seueral countreis Wyth this entent and purpose he spoiled whatsoeuer was in his way The women that came into the warre with their husbandes and were killed with them and shewed suche constancie that they woulde not speake a worde when they were slaine Many went to the Mountayns wyth as much as they coulde carrye to whome desiring peace hée gaue it and diuided their land When he passed the floude Orius he wasted a greate region and required hostages of them that yéeded and so came to the floude Lethe and he was the first Romane that thought of the passage of it Which when he was past and gone forth he came to the riuer Nibene and ledde hys army againste the Battarans bycause they intercepted his victualls These bée people that goe also with their women armed to the warre which with good courage abide death âoldly ⪠not sparing themselues neyther âléeing from the fight nor lamenting when they dye Some women that were taken would
kil themselues and some their children also rather than they shoulde bée ââaues Manye citties that then helde with Brutus rebetled shortely after and were subdued of hym againe And for these causes when he came to Labrica that had ofte made peace with him then were disobedient they desired pardon and woulde doe all things at his commaundement He required hostages the Romaine rânneawaies and all their armour and lastly that they should leaue their Cittie Al the whiche when they hadde done he called them quietly to an assembly and when he had compassed them with his army he put them in remembraunce how oft they had reuolted and made warre and made them so afraide as they might feare a worse punishement In the ende âeing satisfied with that rebuke he refrayned from âurder paine But he tooke from them horse corne and common money and all other publike preparation and beside all their hope suffered them to lyue in their country ⪠Which things when he had thus done he returned to Rome I haue declared al this in the historie of Viriatus In this time other folowing his example exercised robberies and Viriatus ⪠that he might come to some end sente Ditalâone and Minârâ to Caepio the whiche being corrupted by many promisesâ vndertooke to kill Viriatus The matter was tâus handled Viriâtus vâed little sléepe after moste greate laboures and âor the moste parte slepte armed that he might be readye at all soâââne chaunâes For this cause it was lawfull for hys friends to come to hym by night Whiche manner the conspiratoures knowing and marking the firste houre of hys sléepe entred hys house armed ⪠as for some greate matter and cut hys throate ⪠for in any other parte they could not hurte him And when no man âeardâ the noise of the déede for the facilitie of the cutte they escaped to Caepio and required their rewarde To whome he âorthwith gaue al they did possesse and whatsoeuer was in their power but as touching their rewarde âée sente them âo Roâe Viriatus friends and the whole army when it was âaye âarried for him and thinking he had rested maruelled at that alteration and so went in and found him dead in his armour wherfore great sorrowe was made in al the Campe euerye man lamenting his harde happe thinking on the danger they were in and the Captaine they had loste and it moste grieued them that they coulde not fynd the killers Therefore they burned his body with muche honoure vppon a great stacke killing many sacrifices in his reuerence and as well the footemen as the horsmen after the Barbarian manner wente aboute the fyre and extolled him to heauen with their praise At laste when the fire was out and the funerals finished they made many turneymeÌts hand to hand at his sepulchre so great loue and desire did Viriatus leaue to his men who thoughe he were a Barbarian yet he was moste skilfull in gouernement most warie in perils and aboue all other bolde in âespisyng them and moste iuste in diuiding his pray For he could neuer be brought to take any whitte more than the reste althoughe hée were desired and that hée tooke he gaue to the valiant âort Wherby it came to passe that is most harde and to this daye hath not happened to any Captaine that hys armye gathered of all kinde of nations eighte yeares togither whiche the warre continued was euer most obedient to him without mutinie and endured to the vttermost moste ready to abide all daunger And when they had created Tantalus for their Captaine they went towarde Sâgunt which Cittie when Annibal had destroyed and restored he called it Carthage of the name of his country And being driuen from theÌâe by Caepa that was alwaies at their backes when he had passed the floude Betis béeing wearye he yéelded himselfe and his army to Caepa He tooke al hys armor and appoynted them a good land to lyue in that they shoulde no more be driuen to robbe Nowe oure history shall retourne to the warres of the Vacceans and the Numantines whom Viriatus caused to reuolt Caecilius Metellus sent from Rome with more men shortely ouercame the Vacceans whereby the reste were disco mââted put in feare c. ¶ There remayned yet Termantia and Numantia in an hylly place diuided with two floudes and compassed with hylles and thicke wooddes bending into the playne onely one waye at the which part it was fortified with many ditches and pillâurs ouerthwart The Numantines were good eight thousand meÌ bothe on horse and foote and with so small a number suche was their manlinesse they put the Romanes to muche paine Metellus at the ende of winter deliuered his army to Q. Metellus Aulus his successor in the which was thirtie thousaÌd footemen and two thousand horsmen wel armed and practised c. ¶ And when Pompeius had his campe at Numantia from thence went into a certaine place the Numantines descending from an hil destroyed his horsemen that ranne to him Who when hée was retourned broughte foorthe his batayle to fyghte in the playne The enimies comming down gaue a charge vpon hym and by by as though they had bin afraide retired vnto the hil till they had brought theÌ to the places where the ditches and ouerthwart beames were layde so as Pompey perceyuing he was in these skirmishes ouermatched of them that were inferioure to hym he tourned hys armie towarde Termantia thinking to doe better there where they fought with him to his losse of seauen hundred Beside that the Termantines put a Tribune to flight that was comming with victuals and in one day giuyng thrée onsets on the Romaynes they droue them thrice into sharpe and rocky places and threwe many of their footemen and horsemen togither with their horses from the hylles and rockes so as the reste being afraide remayned al night in armor and when it was day comming foorth in order of battaile they fought doubtfullye till night ended the fight Pompey in the night made hast to Malia wyth his horsemen whiche place the Numantines helde with a garrison But the Malians killing the garrison by treason deliuered the Citie to Pompey who receyuing armoure and pledges of them went to Sueditania which a certayne Capitaine named Tanginus did spoyle wyth his armie Pompey fought with him and ouerthrewe him and tooke manye of hys souldyoures But suche manhoode was in these théeues as none of them woulde lyue Captiue but some killed themselues some theyr Maisters some made holes in the âhip that caried theÌ to sincke it Pompey beyng returned to Numantia went about to turne the floude that was in the playne an other waye that he mighte presse the Citie with famine The Townsemen droue the labourers from their worke and comming by bandes without trumpet they threwe darts and arrowes vpon them that they should ⪠not tourne the floude and fought at hande with them that