Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	penny_n	pound_n	shilling_n	22,719	5	13.6986	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57390	The merchants map of commerce wherein the universal manner and matter relating to trade and merchandize are fully treated of, the standard and current coins of most princes and republicks observ'd, the real and imaginary coins of accounts and exchanges express'd, the natural products and artificial commodities and manufactures for transportation declar'd, the weights and measures of all eminent cities and towns of traffick in the universe, collected one into another, and all reduc'd to the meridian of commerce practis'd in the famous city of London / by Lewis Roberts, merchant.	Roberts, Lewes, 1596-1640.; Mun, Thomas, 1571-1641. England's benefit and advantage by foreign-trade.; Marius, John. Advice concerning bills of exchange.	1700 (1700)	Wing R1601_PARTIAL; Wing M608_PARTIAL; ESTC R1436	687,097	516

or otherwise Secondly by reason that the King of Portugal having discovered the East-Indies in Anno 1500 and diverted the course of Trade driven by the Venetians from Alexandria and the Red-Sea to his Port of Lisbon kept here his Factors and sent hither those Indian Commodities to seek their vent and this first drew the English Merchant-Adventurers from Bruges hither to reside The third was the Wars that fell between the French and Charles the Fifth which brought hither many Gentlemen from Villages and petty Towns for safety sake here to reside and build Now as the causes of her rising have been noted to be three so the causes of the loss of that Trade may be reduced also to three First the Wars here and in general in these Provinces between the Spaniards and the Dutch Nation wherein this City suffered pillaging and indured the command of new Laws Secondly the abrogation of part of those Privileges that were granted here to the English Merchant-Adventurers and others that the new and great Customs imposed upon their Goods and Merchandize Thirdly the Navigation of the English and Dutch to the East-Indies whereby the Portugal Factors decreasing thereby and the City of London in England and Amsterdam in Holland increasing thereby were also sharers in the India Trade and Commodities leaving by this means this City bare and to subsist upon the Traffick of her own Inhabitants in that nature as now the same is found to be Accounts in Antwerp Their Accounts are here kept by Livers Sol and Deniers which they term Pounds Shillings and Pence of grosses 12 grosses making a Sol and 20 Sol a Liver or Pound Flemish which may be accounted 12 Shillings Sterling or by their computation 240 grosses by which Species they do make their Exchanges with all other Cities Coins in Antwerp The Current Moneys here and in general through all the Arch-Duke's Countries are besides the Spanish and Imperial these current are Doits four makes a Stiver and ten Stivers a Shillings Sterling two Blanks makes a Stiver and half Stivers 6 makes a Shilling Flemish Stivers 28 makes a Guilder which is three Shillings four Pence Flemish Shillings 20 makes a Pound which is 6 Guilders Pounds 100 Flemish makes 60 Pound English so that 20 Stivers is or may be computed for two Shillings Sterling and one Pound Flemish for 12 Shillings Sterling and then 20 Shillings Sterling is 33 Shillings 4 Pence Flemish Weights in Antwerp The Weight of this Country is the Pound of 16 Ounces and the 100 l. of that Pound which is their Quintar which rendereth in London 104 l. The conceived original of our Tret in London and thereupon it comes as some imagine that upon Spices the tret of 4 l. upon 104 l. was allowed here to the Buyer for the English being supplyed hence in those days with their Spices found the 100 l. there to give here in the City of London 104 l. and made that allowance here willingly as desiring the 100 l. there would yield them a neat 100 l. here and take the same by the Factory without further allowance or garble which was not then in use Many observations have been made upon the weight and measure of this City which being reduced into a general Table by Mr. Malines and the same being there accorded with all the principal Cities in the World I will refer you thereunto for larger satisfaction and content my self according to my method to insert the same as I find it with some other particular places because I have found some errors in the said Concordance Weights of Antwerp compared with that of other places The Weights then in use in Antwerp being the 160 l. neat have been observed to have rendred thus In London 104 l. Marselia 115¾   Venice sotile 155   Ditto gross 97¾   Sicilia 68   Lisbon 84½   Florence 132½   Lions 110   Sevil 101⅞   Dantzick 120   Ormus 108 Rot. Aleppo common 228 R. Ditto silk weight 240 R. Tripoly Soria 272 R. Tripoly Barbaria 97 R. Baruti 219 R. Alexandria Zeroi 519 R. Alexandria Forsia 1165 R. Constantinople 92 R. Rhodes 201 R. Acria 181 R. Babylon 156 R. And what other inlargements are here wanting I willingly omit and refer the same to Lex Mercatoria Measures of Antwerp compared with those of other Countries Now in the same manner it will be needful I do calculate the Measures of Antwerp which is the Ell which also by observation hath made in these places Acria 115 pico Aleppo 108 pico Argier 136 covad Alexandria 124 pico Amsterdam 101 ells Barcelona 43 canes Bruges 98⅔ ells Candia 108 pico Castile 78 vares Constantinople 113 pico Corfu 116 braces Damasco 111 pico Dantzick 122 ells Florence Cloth 116 ells Ditto for Silk 102½ braces Genoa 122 braces Hamburgh 122 ells Holland 103½ ells Lisbon long 63 vares London for Linnen 60 ells Ditto for Wollen 75 yards Ditto for Frises 59 goads Lucca 120 braces Millan for Silk 141 braces Naples for Silk 33½ can Paris 59 aulns Rouen 58 aulns Sevil 83½ vares Venice for Woollen 101⅔ braces Ditto for Silk 108 Valentia 73 canes Urbin 101 braces Note that this is for the common Measure of Antwerp besides which they use another El for Silk and these Ells make of that but 98½ Ells. The other Measure of sundry Commodities here in use are these Of Beer Beer is sold in Antwerp by the Barrel which is accounted throughout Flanders and Brabant to be 54 Stoops the 81 whereof is in Dantzick a Fat and contains there 180 Stoops but 50 Stoops of Antwerp make the Barrel of Lubeck and the English Gallon of Beer is 2 Stoops of Flanders and 1⅔ Stoops of Amsterdam Of Corn. Corn is here sold by a Measure called the Vertule and 37½ Vertules is a Last of Corn in Ansterdam and 10¼ Quarters in London vide there further Of Wine Wine is sold by the Ame the Stoop and the But and is found thus to accord together 1 A●… is 50 Stoops and one Stoop is six Pound and a But is 152 Stoops so that by this Rule 6 Ame which is 300 Stoops or 1800 l. is in London 252 Gallons so that the Ame is by this Calculation found to be 42 Gallons and the Stoop is about 3⅓ quarters of London Wine-measure or as some account it about 7 Pints vide London for more certainty Exchanges of Antwerp The Exchanges practised in this place are great and for very great sums of Money especially when as the King of Spain hath any general disbursements in this Country by reason of his continual Armies here in Action maintained against the Dutch the particulars whereof I have inserted in the end of this Tract in the Chapter 289 and in the Chapter 435 and some others following where I have at large declared the Practice and Use among the Machants of that place in the Calculation thereof whereto I refer

hereof in Frankfort and Heidelberg with which it is found to accord Measures of Lipsick Lipsick hath two Measures one for VVoollen and the other for Linen 14 per cent difference For the 100 Yards of London doth make in VVoollen Commodities 100 Ells and in Linen 140 Ells. Accounts and Exchanges of Lipsick The Merchants here account by Marks of 32 gross and the gross being 12 heller but they exchange by Florins of Breslow 30 to have posito in Noremberg 32 Florins and in Vienna 34 Florins CHAP. CXCVIII. Of Wittenberg and the Trade thereof Wittenburgh and the Trade thereof WIttenberg is seated on a plain sandy Ground accounted an University wherein they proverbially say A Man shall meet nothing but Whores Scholars and Swine which shews that the Inhabitants have little Trade as living for the most part by the Students and peradventure by the Flesh of Swine and Women but by what Weight and Measure the same is propertioned to them I am to seek therefore refer the same to the next Merchant that shall have occasion to make his Observation thereupon CHAP. CXCIX Of Dresden and the Trade thereof Dresden and the Trade of Saxony DResden is a fair Town and strongly fortified in which the Elector of Saxony keeps his Court it is famous for the magnificent Stables and Armories which the Duke keeps here in a continual readiness the River Elve divides the Town into two parts the new and the old which is very strong both by Art and Nature and accounted the strongest modern City in Germany the Inhabitants are much addicted to Trade and the River doth much further their Endeavours but Nature affording them a rich Soil takes away much of their edg for it is ever found that the barren Soil affords the Inhabitants the greatest encouragement Their Weights and Measures are Weights of Saxony Dresden Misen and all Saxony are found to have three VVeights and the 100 l. of London made of Zigostatica or the Princes weight 96 l. of 16 ounces made 92 l. of Merchonts weight of 16 ounces and 144 l. of the common weight of 12 ounces Measures of Saxony Their Measures of Length are two agreeing with Lipsick above-mentioned on which I need not further insist Brunswick Brunswick is the eighteenth Province wherein is Brunswick the principal City secondly Wolfiabolt where the Duke commonly resideth thirdly Alberstade then Lunenberg and some others of less note CHAP. CC. Of Brunswick and the Trade thereof Brunswick and the Trade thereof BRunswick comprehends in one five several Cities and is a Free Imperial Town strongly fortified in some Places with two and in others with three Walls and incompassed with the River Ancor the Inhabitants are found addicted to Trade in the Morning but their Intemperance at Night takes away all Thoughts thereof they are great Husband-men the Earth answering their Labours which yields them Plenty of Corn both for their own and their Neighbours Wants the Earth yielding them rich Reward to their Labours and their Afternoons hours spent in Good-fellowship makes me imagine there may be some Trade amongst them which in particular I permit the Reader in silence to conceive CHAP. CCI. Of Lunenburg and the Trade thereof Lunenburg and the Trade thereof LUnenburg is a Free Imperial City over which the Duke of Lunenburg challengeth a Superiority it is found to be fairly built of B●ick and well and strongly fortified for its Safeguard and Defence with deep Ditches and thick Mud Walls Salt Fountain in Lunenbur It is most famous for the natural Fountain of Salt here found over which is built a spacious House that contains fifty two Rooms and every Room hath eight several Cauldrons of Lead wherein is boiled eight Tun of Salt daily the Profit whereof is divided into three several parts one part to the City one to the Duke of Lunenburg and another to a Monastery and some other adjoining Earls their Trade is not otherwise of very great consequence Hassia The nineteenth Province is Hassia wherein are found the Cities of Dormstade Marburg an University and some others Veteravia Veteravia is the twentieth Province wherein are the Cities of Friburg Hanau Dullinburg Nassau Catzenbogen and some others of lesser note CHAP. CCII. Of Friburg and the Trade thereof Friburg and the Trade thereof FRiburg is of round Form inviron'd altogether with high Mountains Silver Mines of Friburg having within it many Vaults and Caves to go under ground through which the Citizens go out of the City by night to work in the Silver-Mines found in those adjoining Hills and at certain hours are called back by the Sound of a Bell their Work is for the most part by night and their Rest is by day and their Residence is noted to be more under ground than above in their Houses the Profits thereof belong half to the Citizens and half to the Elector to whom the Country appertaineth Weights of Friburg The Weight in use in Friburg is the Pound of which are made three several Quintars one of 100 l. another of 120 l. and a third of 132 l. agreeing with Frankfort Heidelberg and Lipsick as before Measures of Friburg The long Measure is the Ell which is inches London In this Tract are also comprehended the three Imperial Cities of Stoad Hamburgh and L●beck which acknowledging no Sovereign being Free and Hans-Towns I shall here touch and first of Stoad CHAP. CCIII Of Stoad and the Trade thereof Stoad and the Trade thereof SToad is an antient City and one of the Free Cities of the Empire and one of those Sea-Towns which from the Privilege of Trassick with their Neighbours are called Hans-Towns it is commodiously seated for Traffick upon the River Elve in which Stream they maintain certain Buoys to guide the entring Ships the English Merchant-Adventurers had for a while their Residence here forced thereto by the discourteous Usage of the Hamburghers and before their Arrival this Town was so poor that they sold the Privilege of Coining Moneys and some other such Rights to Hamburgh by whose Company they grew rich not without the Envy and Impoverishment of the Hamburghers who often attempted tho in vain by Naval Force to forbid the arrival of the English at Stoad whom as they had griev'd having their Seat with them as well by Exactions as prohibiting them the free Exercise of their Religion so then having seen and smarted for their Error they never left till partly by fair means and partly by Threats they labour'd their Return which afterwards was performed and where at this day they hold their principal Court and Residence The present Trade of Stoad is but small depending much upon the Privilege they have in Pre-emption and choice of the Rhenish Wines passing by their City They keep their Accounts by Pounds Shillings and Pence but they have Grashes Ortals and Dollars as I shall shew hereafter Coins of Stoad

Cleveland The third Province is Cleveland containing the Earldom of Cleve the Dutchies of Gulick and Berge wherein are found the fair Cities of Cleve Calker Wesel Emrick Aken Gulick Dulkins and others which I omit for Brevity Alsatia The fourth Province is Alsatia wherein are found the Towns of Psaltberg Wesenberg Colmar and principally the famous City of Strasburg of which a Word CHAP. CLXXXVI Of Strasburg and the Trade thereof Strasburg and the Trade thereof STra●burg is one of the Imperial Cities before-mentioned seated a Musket-shot from the Rhine whereto there is a Channel cut for conveyance of all Commodities There is here also a wooden Bridge over the Rhine but of no great Strength The Circuit of the City may be abo●t 8 miles well fortified and is famous for many Rarities the principal being their Clock which cost so many years Labour to perfect and the Steeple of the Cathedral Church is numbred amongst the Seven Miracles of the World for its excellent Structure and Beauty The Courtesie of the Inhabitants to Strangers is not to be forgotten And here they are accustomed at the City's cost to give all Handicrafts entertainment that they may either teach if expert or learn if ignorant by which means they are found to have confluence of Artisans which doth both much further their City's Stock and inrich the Inhabitants Weights of Strasburg In Strasburg are found two Weights gross and suttle and by observation it hath been found that the 100 l. suttle of London hath made here incirca 70 in 71 l. of the gross weight for gross Goods of 16 ounces the Pound and 107 l. suttle weight of 12 ounces the Pound by which they use to weigh all fine Commodities as Drugs and Spices as Sugars Pepper Cloves Mace Cinnamon Almonds Dates and the like Measures of Strasburg The Measure of Length of Strasburg is the Ell which is in London inches The Coins current are the Bohemico gross or Blaphace whichis three Crusters one Cruster is two Pence and one Penny is two Hellers and one Heller is two Orchins by which Coins they keep their Account Vide further Chap. 206. Franconia The fifth Province is Franconia divided into eight Parts the lower Palatine is the first part wherein are found Worms Spiers and Heidelberg the chief City belonging to those Princes Bacarac Bacarac famous for the excellent Rhenish Wines here growing Coub Openham Frankendak and others Wittenberg The second part is Wittenberg the chief Towns are Toubing Stutgard 2 Stutgard the Duke's Seat 3 Marlach and others Auspach The third part is Auspach Haibram and others Baden The fourth is Baden wherein the City Baden Durlach and others Ments The fifth is Mentz wherein Lantsem Beinge and others Bainberg The sixth is Bainberg a fair City and some others Westberg The seventh is Westberg a City Arustine and some others The eighth part belongs to the Emperour Noremberg wherein is found Noremberg the fairest and richest City of Germany and seated in the Centre thereof Frankfort and also here is Frankfort seated on the River Menus famous for the two Book-marts here kept annually in Mid-lent and Mid-September A word of the most eminent of these before I proceed to the next Province CHAP. CLXXXVII Of Worms and the Trade thereof VVorms and the Trade thereof WOrms is a Town of great antiquity and yet wanteth not Magnificence in her Buildings On the West-side thereof grow in great abundance those Wines known to us by the name of Rhenish It is more famous for the many Imperial Parliaments held here of old than it is for Trade therefore I shall not have cause to insist much thereupon Near to this City stands the City of Frankendale a new modern strong fair and beautiful Piece which has made it self famous in the late Wars of these parts these Coasts affording the most excellent Wines above-mentioned here in great plenty abounding and are sound to grow especially on the West-side of the River which is the prime Commodity of the Inhabitants both of the City and Province The Weights and Measures here are found to accord with Spiers to which I refer the Inquirer CHAP. CLXXXVIII Of Spiers and the Trade thereof Spiers and the Trade thereof SPiers is half a mile from the Rhyne seated in a Plain on the west-side of the said River having more Antiquity than Beauty and yet more Beauty than Trade Here the Imperial Chamber is held in which Court the Differences of the Empire are judged and the Elect●…s themselves may be called hither to Trial of Law The Weights and Measures are these Weights of Spiers First for the Weights of this place the common is the Pound of 16 ounces or 32 loots of which are made two several Quintals one of 100 l. another of 120 l. and the 100 l. here is in London 111 l. and the 100 l. of London is about 88 l. here of 32 loots per pound Measures of Spiers The Measure of Length used is the Ell which is in London inches CHAP. CLXXXIX Of Heidelberg and the Trade thereof Heidelberg and the Trade thereof THE City of Heidelberg is seated in a Plain invironed on three parts with high Mountains the fourth part open and beholding the River from which it is a mile distant and to which it conveyeth all Commodities by a small River that runs by the Walls thereof This is an University and the Seat of the Palsgraves and hath not been much famoused for the Trade thereof The Weights and Measures here in use are these Weights of Heidelberg The Weight common in use here is the Pound of 16 ounces of which are made three several Hundreds or Quintars the first of 100 l. for fine Goods the second of 120 l. for gross Goods and the third of 132 l. for Provision of Food as Butter Flesh c. The 100 l. hath been found to make in London 108 l. and the 100 l. suttle makes then here about 92 or 93 l. Measures of Heidelberg The Measure of Length is an Ell which makes in London inches CHAP. CXC Of Noremberg and the Trade thereof Noremberg and the Trade thereof NOremberg is seated in a barren Soil yet this Defect is supplied by the Industry of the Inhabitants It is absolute and of it self and accounted one of the Imperial Cities of the Empire and the richest of all the rest the Inhabitants by their subtle Inventions in manual Works and cunning Arts with the Encouragement they daily give to Artificers draw thereby the Riches of other Countries to them Every Child tho but seven or eight years old is here put to work and enabled thereby to get his own Livelihood and by this means is all Europe filled with the trivial Commodities of this Town known by the Name of Noremberg Ware which makes this City rich strong and powerful their Trade is not