whosoever they are that are Refractory to and perversly oppose such Persons and seduce others to do the like they justly deserve to be punished A second Rule is that all care be taken that there be no fruits suffered to spring from such branches for the hindering whereof the best course would be to prefer only men of excellent parts to Bishopricks and Benefices and withal you are to consider that such if they be good Men will be of good use to you nor will ever scatter abroad any Pestilent Opinions such as were Cato and Socrates among the Gentiles and St. Bernard and Thomas Aquinas among the Christians There are also other Good men to be found that are able to act powerfully on either part such as were among the Heathen Alcibiades and Coriolanus both which were the Authors of much good and as much evil to their Countries according as they were led by the Occasion and present necessity upon them as among the Christians were Luther and Sergius who afterwards recanted as it were all that ever they had before Rightly Preached and taught And therefore it concerns the Prince that he shew himself Favourable and Gracious to all Learned Men seeing that he cannot be able to see so far into them as to know what their Inclinations are And let him use all the means he can to know who are the most excellent for Learning in his Dominions and having notice of them let Him invite them to him and find Imployments for them preventing even the Pope himself in bestowing perferments on them and these he shall encourage and provoke to shew their abilities against the Infidels One only Monk converted all England to the Christian Faith and Charles the Great that extraordinary favourer and Patron of all that were Eminent for Learning and Eloquence whether they were Laicks or Clergy-men subdued Gotland Norway and Denmark with a great part of Germany also by the means of these Men whom also He rewarded most magnificently In the Conquest also of the New World the Monks were of more use and did more good then the Souldiers And the like might also be effected both in China Ethiopia and Persia Wherefore New Sciences are to be introduced and New Sects of Philosophers together with the Mathematicks as likewise the study of the Arabick Tongue is to be taken up seeing that the Empires of the Greeks and of the Hebrews are now quite extinct that so by the use thereof the Turks may be the better convinced of their Errour Let there be also certain Assemblies erected consisting of the wisest persons that can be pickt out both of the Religious Order of the Friers and out of the Laity whose businesse it shall be to deliberate about such things as concern the State that so their Wits being wholly taken up with the meditating about these things they may wholly serve the Prince and him only and not design any thing to his disadvantage while their own only Ambitions will be who shall deserve best of the Prince and so will have no other thoughts And let him make it his businesse to get together as many of these men as he can and withal let him be sure that they be all honest good men For should there be never so many of them yet if they were such as those were that Jezabel had about her one Elijah because he is a Good man would easily confound them all and bring them to nothing Antiochus also erected Greek Schooles at Jerusalem to the end that by that means he might abolish the Wholsome Doctrine and Lawes that Moses had given the Jewes but all in vain because the Macchabees opposed themselves against him In like manner ought the King to set up many Christian Catholick Schooles and that against the Enemies of Religion for by so doing he shall render Himself secure both from the Pope and from his Enemies and shall besides reduce the Netherlands and bring them under his subjection as I have before declared Neither would I have this one thing to be omitted namely that He erect certain Colledges through all the Provinces of his Dominions in which should be placed all the most Ingenious Boyes of the said Provinces and who are such may easily be known by their first Masters that taught them their Grammers and other the First Rudiments and these being thus culled out of all Grammer Schools I would have to be brought up and maintained at the Kings Charge and there should be a New Order set up of them like that of St. Dominick which Order I would have called The Austrian Order And when any of these were come to be 18. years old they should then be commanded to Preach and these I would have to be called The Kings Preachers and they should then be sent abroad some into Germany and others into England where if they have managed their businesses rightly and well at their return they should have Bishopricks conferred upon them by the King of those that are in the Kings own gift for by so doing he shall render himself secure both from the Pope and also against all perfidious Preachers and Hereticks and by this meanes such persons only shall be maintained at His charge as do him service for it and advance His affairs Neither can it be expressed by words what great advantages He shall reap to himself hereby For among all sorts of Hereticks that are there are none that are farther out of the way of Truth then the Calvinists are who sow abroad the Seeds of Sedition wheresoever they come and endeavour to break asunder the bonds of that Peace which was made known unto the world by Angels and publickly preached by Christ himself and who having neither any respect to Learning nor regarding the Authority of the Fathers do defend their own Sect by their Armes only as the Turks do There is need therefore here of the most Effectual Medicines that can be against this Evil these kind of Men and that is Principiis obstare To stop them in their Beginning which course is to be observed in the Prevention of all Evils whatsoever and then afterwards are those other Remedies to be applied which are before set down namely for the converting of them for which work there must be chosen out honest and painful Labourers who by the Purity of their Doctrine and holinesse of their Life may reduce and winne back such wandring sheep as have gone astray out of the Way of Truth The Kings of Portugal and especially John the Third erected in India certain Colledges and Seminaries wherein are educated a great number of young Youths of all sorts under the Discipline of the Jesuits who also have by this meanes done very much good both in Germany and in the New World For those Cities of Germany in which these Jesuits live have alwaies stood firm in the Faith and those other which have been infected with the Venom of Heresie are cured thereof by their Means But if
well in the times of Peace as of War in which Principle they must be instructed and brought up in the aforesaid Seminaries where they are taught to yield Obedience and Service to the King And then if the King shall approve himself to be a Good Souldier and a Cherisher of Valour and Worth He will necessarily thereby winne himself the Love and Affections of all men And let him be sure withal to deal Faithfully and Justly with every one for then all his Subjects will readily and chearfully compose themselves to the Example of His carriage and behaviour towards others Let those Castles and strong Holds that lye next to France be very well guarded and furnished with all Necessaries and likewise those that are at Corrugna and on the Northern Coast of Spain looking toward England and all care must be taken that these be not set upon by the Enemy But yet the best way would be to have a gallant Fleet consisting of a Thousand sail to be alwaies in readinesse upon all Occasions as I shall shew by and by Let the Spaniards also teach whatever Africans or West or East-Indians are either brought over to them or else come over to them of their own accord all Mechanical Arts and Professions but let them study themselves only Military Sciences and let them indeed rather addict themselves to these Studies then to those of Books But as for all Forraigners let them be put rather to the reading of Books then the Practise of Armes For we see that the Learned City Athens was overcome in War by the Martial City Sparta both which notwithstanding were afterward reduced and brought under the power and subjection of the Macedonians namely because this Nation had been better instructed in the Use and Exercise of Arms by their King Philip of Macedonia the Father of Alexander the Great then either of those Cities had been It is sufficient therefore if the King have Seminaries for the Arts and Languages for His new Austrian Order before spoken of to be brought up in among his Forreign Subjects and Nations but as for others there is no great care to be taken of them but they may apply themselves to the Study of Sciences and Arts if they think fit however it is very necessary that in Spain all persons as well in the said Seminaries as out of them be brought up in the Exercise and Knowledge of Armes There ought also to be Schools erected for the Educating and Training up of the Younger Sons of the Spanish Nobility whence the King may be furnished with Able and Faithful Commanders both for Land and Sea service of which thing also we have said somewhat before Neither ought any Man to despise or set light by the Country of Spain because of the Barrennesse of it for this defect is not to be imputed to the Nature of the Soyl but onely to the Scarsity of people to manure it For this Country is of a most fruitful Soyl of itself and yeildeth plentifully all things whatsoever that are necessary for the sustaining of Mans life and if it were but carefully manured and tilled it would be able to feed an infinite number of people in like manner as heretofore it was able besides Its own Inhabitants to feed also the vast Armies of the Carthagineans and Romans Neither did any Country longer or more gallantly stand out against the Power of the Romans then Spain did neither had It ever any Army cut off but it was able presently to raise a greater But to passe by Ancient Stories it is reported by our Latter Writers that the King of Granada brought into the Field against Ferdinand Fifty Thousand Horse which number of Horse I doubt would scarsely at this day be made up out of all the other Provinces besides both of Spain and Portugal not that either the Nature of these Countries or the Temper of the Heavens are changed but only because that the number of the Inhabitants is grown lesse and so consequently the Manuring and tilling of the Ground is very much neglected now more then heretofore Now the number of the Inhabitants is decreased first by reason of that war with the Moors where they got the better of the Spaniards for in that War within the space of three Months there were slain Seven Hundred Thousand Men. After this followed another war which continued for the space of Seven Hundred seventy and eight years till such time as the whole Nation of the Moors was utterly rooted out of Spain in which space of time there was a Vast and indeed incredible number of men slain on both sides insomuch that many Cities yea and many whole Large Tracts of Ground were left utterly desert and void of Inhabitants And this War was scarsely ended when presently the Spaniards prepared for other New Wars again setting upon Africk Naples Millan and the West-Indies and having overcome all these they then set themselves to endeavour the Recovery of the Netherlands in which Wars also there was a vast number of Men lost being cut off either by the War or those other Calamities that are the usual Consequents of War And then again even now at this day they are continually sending abroad infinite numbers of people into the aforesaid West-Indies partly to make Plantations there and partly to Traffick as Merchants there or else to keep some Garrisons or other And therefore the Practise of Husbandry hath been a long time neglected in Spain because that the people of that Nation are naturally inclined to the Exercise of Armes and so rather seek after Profit that way by their Pay as Souldiers then by any other way whatsoever And indeed the Spaniard is but a heavy dull fellow not onely at Agriculture and Points of Husbandry but generally at all Mechanical Arts whatsoever and that is the reason that Spain is so unfurnished of Mechanicks and that their Wooll Silk and what other Commodities the Country affords are all transported abroad and what ever course matter they do not send out is in a manner all wrought up by the Italians onely and as for their Fields and Vineyards they leave the manuring of them to the French And if we would but diligently examine what the reason should be that Spain hath enjoyed a most quiet and undisturbed Peace for so long time together whereas France is continually harassed and imbroyled in Wars we should find the Principal reason hereof to be this namely because that Spain is continually imployed in some Forreign Wars either in the Indies the Netherlands in subduing some Hereticks or other or in keeping off the Invasions of the Turks or of the Moors in all which the Spaniards have both their hands and Minds wholly imployed and set on work mean while their Country continues quiet and they themselves vent all their venom of Sedition against others And therefore I may not here omit to relate how that many times for want of Souldiers they have been forced to do
might then very easily make himself Lord also of the Whole Earth For were this but done both France and Germany would quickly follow in spite of what ever they could do and also England it self would be utterly ruined and indeed all the Northern Nations would be much weakned and rendred utterly unable to make any resistance against Him For we see that Caesar after he had once conquered the Belgians made little account of all the rest of the Northern Countries and so presently passed over into England And indeed there is no power that lies more conveniently and is better able to destroy the English Navy then the power of Holland and Zealand for these Provinces both for the Number of their Shipping and also for their skill and experience in Nautical affairs do infinitely surpasse all other Nations whatsoever not to say any thing of the fierce nature or of the Wealth of these People For these Netherlanders have diverse Towns and Cities that are built in the very Water after the manner as Venice is built out of which Towns they may very commodiously issue out and fall upon the English upon all occasions and may be able to secure their Fleet returning from the West-Indies and so may have opportunity of carrying over Colonies thither and making Plantations and having subdued many Nations there may exercise a free Trade of Merchandise in those Countries And therefore the King of Spain must endeavour to the utmost of his power to reduce these Countries and bring them under his Obedience again which yet seems now to be a businesse of no small Difficulty and meerly through the heedlesnesse and Ill Managery of the Governours I therefore conceive it would not be amisse to reckon up here all the Errours that have been committed by the Spaniards in this particular that so they may learn to be the more wary for the future And I shall also lay down such subtle waies and means by which these People may be subdued For the Northern Nations are all of such a spirit as Naturally is addicted to a certain Licentious Freedome and Liberty in so much that no Prince shall ever be able to rule them by keeping a strict and severe hand over them without using Politick Arts and by remitting something of their Authority For these Nations by reason of their Natural Fecundity are very numerous now no Multitude or Great Number is easily kept in order They are moreover of a firece disposition as being born and brought up in a cold Clime For those that are born in such cold Countries have their Natural Heat shut up close within them neither doth it in them Evaporate in small minute parts whence it is that they are full of Blood Corpulent and are full of spirits and valiant being also Lovers of Bacchus rather then of Venus and they are by reason of the Natural Fuliginousnesse and Mistinesse that is within them full of unsetled tumultuous Thoughts and by reason of their abundance of spirits are very prone to all Licentiousnesse being withall very suspicious and by reason of their Drunkennesse shewing little or no Gravity in their behaviour These Northern People I do not here speak of those Nations that inhabit the utmost Borders of the North are moreover full of Courage and without any Craft whereas the Southern are on the contrary full of Craft and subtlety but very fearful withal The Northern People are of a Temper of Body sutable to the Disposition of their Mind being big-bodied and full of Flesh and are full of Blood and Vigorous But the Southern are on the contrary Crafty and have Dry Bodies and are apter to run away then to stand to it in a set battle Those former are of a Plain Open Soul these other are Wily and Subtle and withal very Malicious those weare a Lions Skin These a Foxes Those are of a Boysterous and Inconstant Nature These Slow but Constant in their Actions Those are Merry but These are Melancholick Those are addicted to Wine These to Women Those are Couragious These are Cowardly Those are Licentious These are more Composed And therefore These are to have more gentle and easie Laws imposed upon them for they are of so free and loose a course of life as that they cannot endure to be bound in by Lawes and besides relying upon their own strength they are apt to care little for those that are their Lords and Rulers All which things we find to be quite contrary in the Southern Countries and especially in Spain which lies something near to the Tropick of Cancer beyond which are the Amphiscians having their Noontide Shadowes cast both wayes at several times of the year And therefore I say that this was the reason why they were so eager to change their Religion first because they are so addicted to Wine and use to have so frequent Feastings and Drinking-bouts whereas the Rules of Religion require a more strict life with Fastings and Abstinence And secondly because that being such as are subject to Vehement and unruly Passions they had an Opinion that they should never be able to moderate themselves in their Pleasures And this was the reason that they were so ready to give ear to the Doctrine of Luther and Calvin because that these men deny that Man hath Free Will to do either ill or well affirming moreover that God himself doth work in men both good and evil which these Northern Men being easily perswaded to believe they conceive themselves to have no power in themselves either to forbear Drinking or to abstain from Women We may add hereto that They have also longed to have an Opportunity given them of opposing the Pope and the Princes against whom Luther in his Sermons inveighed bitterly Which Course of theirs was Diametrically Opposite to that which was taken in other Countries where they easily perceived what strange Troubles and Tumults the Introducing of a New Religion was the Cause of Now the Heresies that sprung up among those of the Southern Countries were full of Speculations and had much subtilty in them whereas on the contrary those that were broached among the Northern People were very grosse For some of the Southern denied the Divinity some the Humanity and some the Plurality of Wills in Christ some of them again denied the Procession of the Holy Ghost from the Word and the like Points that were both Sublime and full of Mystery But the Northern Hereticks passing by these High and Subtile Fancies fell to cry down the use of Fasting daies Vigils Penance with Auricular Confession and all those Points of Discipline that hindred the Multiplication of Blood to these we may add the Single Life of Clergy Men and many other points of this kinde which though they agree with and are very Consonant both to Reason and to the Scriptures are yet very repugnant to the Flesh and Humane Senses These men also oppose the Authority of Christs Vicar for being Men of a high courage they
of the war for the war doth but onely increase their strength and makes them abler to resist And therefore I conceive that there are but two waies left now to be taken for the bringing this businesse to effect the first of which is to sow the seeds of Division amongst them and the second To draw them forth out of their own Country Cadmus having a designe of erecting a Monarchy at Thebes whether he came a stranger is said first to kill a Serpent by which was signified the Defence and Safeguard of Thebes and then afterwards to sow the Teeth of it that is to say to scatter abroad the Poyson of Desire of Innovation and an Earnestnesse to be instructed in the knowledge of learning namely in such New Sciences and Arts as he had brought over with him from his own Country And hence Souldiers are said to spring up who through mutual discord slew each other and the remainders of them that were left joyned themselves with Cadmus their Head and Captain so laying the foundation of the Kingdom of Thebes in Boeotia I affirm therefore that these very Courses ought to have been taken by the King of Spain and not a war to have been onely maintained against them all this while And certainly if the Southern People would ever conquer or lay the foundations of a Monarchy over the Northern seeing that they are not strong enough to bring the same about they ought to have recourse to the Arts either of Cadmus or else of Jason although of the two Jason went the more wisely to work seeing he first wonne the heart of Medea that is the good will and Affections of the Northern Women to him for the Women of those Countries are easily brought to love Southern Men by reason of the Natural Heat that is in them which those Women like very well neither indeed do the Netherlanders hate the Spaniards so much as their Wives love them Afterwards Jason by the enchantments of Medea slew the Dragon that is the Guard of the Kingdom such as are the Warlick and Valiant men of a Nation with the Preachers And then did he by the meanes of enchanted Oyntments tame fierce Beasts the Brazen-footed and fire-spitting Bulls that is by his Friendship and Gifts He won over to him the Nobles and Principal men of the Kingdom And at length by them he sowed about the Teeth of the Dragon that is by the assistance of the Nobles he spread abroad the Seeds of Discord and Dissention about Religion Arts and Honours Whence in the last place sprung up Souldiers that is Factions such as are those of the Guelphs and Gibellines the Pontificians and Imperialists the Lutherans and Catholicks wherein they killed each other But those that remained chose Jason for their Head and Commander and though few in number yet afforded Him their assistance in the getting of the Golden Fleece that is to say such an Empire as we here speak of This Learned Fable I have therefore proposed and explained that I might shew the King of Spain what he is to do seeing that He hath hitherto taken so great pains and lost so many men and all to no purpose as Cadmus did before he had killed the Serpent Namely in the first place I would have either the King himself or else his Daughter or his son to go and dwell either a Antwerp or Bruxels or if he think fit rather at Gaunt that so by their Presence the Subjects may be the more encouraged and withal Forraigners may be drawn thither too herein following the Example of Cadmus who after his men were slain went himself to the Fountain of the Sarpent that kept the same In the next place I would have Him remove from all the Neighbouring Provinces all Suspition or fear of having any more Wars made upon them by the Spaniards and He should suffer them to live a while in peace and quietnesse and He withal shew himself so gentle and full of humanity to his own Subjects there that Forreigners taking notice of it should even repine thereat and should have a desire kindled within them of enjoying the same happinesse and of joyning themselves with His Subjects in the defending of that his Dominion In the Third place He should remit the Taxes and Impositions that have been laid upon those Places that are under his subjection and should exact no more of them then what is necessary for the Maintenance of the Kings Court only and the payment of the Souldiers that keep the Garrisons there But however instead thereof He should require a certain number of Souldiers to be raised yearly out of every City which He may send away into the West-Indies And let him be sure to pick out the stoutest and ablest men for this purpose by this means diverting the Noxious Humours from hence and turning them another way and filling up with these men his Armies in other Parts For from all such Countries as abound in Men it is better to require Men then Mony for this is both more advantageous to the Prince and also more agreeable to the humour of the People themselves Fourthly I would have Him make a General Feast every year to be kept upon one certain day in each several City and great Town and at His own charge at which time every City throughout the whole Province would Voluntarily declare their readinesse to serve the House of Austria And at this Yearly Feast I would have no cost to be spared for there is nothing in the world that doth more unite this People among themselves and bind them to others then to Feast them and make them Drunk once a year at least which Practise is said to have been first taken up by Minos the ancient Law-giver Fifthly I would have the Name of the Inquisition taken away though the Inquisition it self should be kept up by the Bishops but under some other Name and It should not be so severe as it is in Spain and at Rome but the Terrour of it should consist in Words only and Threatnings rather then in any more Harsh Usage Sixthly that under pretense of a Croysade Expedition there should be Indulgences and Dispensations procured from the Pope concerning Fasting daies and the Abstaining from Flesh at certain times of the Year for these People are infinitely given to Feastings and Revellings Seventhly all Garrison'd Towns should be kept by Spanish Souldiers but the Government of the same should be committed to the care of Bishops as the Government of the several Provinces should be put into the hands of Cardinals who should be such as are of Ripe Years and are eminent also for Wisdom And then would I have some of the Gentry of Venice to be appointed as Judges and to have the hearing of all Law Causes amongst them for by this means the Italians and Low-Country-men will easily be reconciled to each other seeing that these later love the Italians much better then they do the Spaniards Eighthly
Turk is now so Potent in the East and that he so little fears the Persian as he does for by this means whiles he is making War upon the Christians in the West He is secure from all danger from Asia and so gets ground upon us daily more and more It would be convenient therefore to make a League with the Persian and especially in respect of the Kings Negotiations in the East-Indies because that His Fleet must passe by the Persian Coast And I am of opinion also that the same ought to be done with the Kings of Calecut Narsinga and Caramania but these are not to be furnished with Guns They may indeed be instructed in the Art of Printing and other Arts that are in use among the Christians to the end they may thereby have the Christians in admiration and high esteem and that by the introducing of Ingenious Arts and Sciences amongst them they may be made our Own And yet Arts are wont to become a Prey to Armes at last unlesse they be both equally in practise together And hence it is that Pallas in the Fable is said to have overcome both Calliope and Mars because She was experienced as well in the use of Mars his Armes as Calliope's Arts. The like course is to be taken with those of Taprobana China and Japan by communicating our Arts and Sciences to them as Printing Painting and the like which will be very much admired by them and by the means of which they may by degrees be won over and may be brought to embrace the Christian Faith But those that deal with them must be sure that above all things they abstain from Covetousnesse and exercising of Cruelty upon any of these people lest otherwise they should be provoked and should joyn all together against us and should thereby prove a great hinderance to the Spaniards Designs We shall not need to speak any thing here of the Great Cham of Cataia seeing that his Country lies so far out of the road that the Spaniard takes in his Voyage to the East-Indies notwithstanding that the Persians and Turks have cause enough to stand in fear of him and we know very well that the Tartarians have many times over-run all Asia and that also becoming Christians they restored unto Us Jerusalem Yet afterwards when they once saw Our Unworthy Base Disposition in that notwithstanding we all professed the same Christian Religion we were yet continually at War one with another they forsook Christianity again and presently embraced Mahumetanisme which at that time flourished infinitely and was in high esteem throughout the Whole East And by this means was it that they came to give over making war any longer upon the Persians and Turks whom they now suffered to live quietly without being at all annoyed by Them who yet had in former times often overthrown and beaten them But on the other side they were more and more alienated from the Christian Faith and from the Christians whom they saw to be so Base and Unworthy as to be continually at discord and variance amongst themselves And yet I believe that the Glorious Spanish Monarchy which encompasseth the whole Earth will shortly reduce them and bring them to embrace again the Christian Religion especially if there should any Wars break out in the Eastern Parts and that so much the rather because that Macon is now divided into many several Sects Besides the People of Galecut and of Goa are Christians already though but Nestorians yet they might easily be brought to embrace the True Primitive Christian Religion if it were but proposed to them to consider that God hath alwaies preserved the Church of Rome and firmly settled it in its own Proper Seat and Power whereas on the Contrary all the Heresies of others have been successelesse and could never get any Dominion or Authority throughout Christendome as appears by Arius Nestorius Macedonius Apollinaris and all other Authors of Heresies Now I do not know any thing that would cause those most Remote Kingdoms to admire us more and that would sooner draw the Inhabitants of the same from their Superstitions and would besides weaken them too and make them unapter for War then if the Knowledge of the Liberal Arts the Languages Philosophy and the Mathematicks were carried thither from hence by some of our Western Professors of the same because that Minuit vires nervosque Minerva Minerva's quiet Arts Take off and Chill our hearts Let the King therefore take care that Forraigners may be exercised only in Idle Umbratil Sciences and Light toyish matters and Pastimes but in the mean time let Him keep His own Natural Subjects to the exercise of their Armes also together with those forenamed Sciences by which Means He may still be victorious But lastly that we may return to our former discourse touching the Persians aiding us against the Turks The Persians having alwayes relyed wholly upon the Number and Goodnesse of their Horse have notwithstanding in the mean time while they have been Victorious in the Open Field yet lost their Cities at home And therefore I say they are to be advised to fortifie their Cities with Castles and strong Holds every where For the Turk although he have been many times beaten by them hath yet by litle and litle so entrenched himself about as it were with Garrisons and Fortifications made in all convenient places that he hath by this means made himself Master of a very great part of the Persians Country and hath possessed himself at last also of the great City Tauris or Ecbatan They must be taught therefore to make use of the same Arts in defending themselves by which they have formerly been beaten CHAP. XXX Of the Great Turk and his Empire BY what means the Turk endeavours to make himself Lord of the whole World hath been as I conceive sufficiently declared before in this Treatise and He will also at this time already be called The Vniversal Lord as the King of Spain is called The Catholick King so that these two Princes seem now to strive which of them shall attain to the Universal Monarchy of the whole World And therefore I think it not amisse to examine here in what Particulars the one of them is either Inferiour or superiour to the other The Great Turk is the most Absolute Lord of and Heir to all the Goods that his subjects have throughout his whole Empire and not of their Goods only but also of their Persons And in this He is worse then ever any Tyrant was in that He arrogates all to Himself and because that although He calls all his People His Sons Yet He doth not like a Father suffer them to inherit any thing but only bestowes yearly upon every one of them as much as He thinks fit appointing them withal the Employments that they shall serve him in He hath also a Religion that is framed according to his own Will only without taking the advise with him of any
And with these should be joyned also some of Our Preachers who after that they had faithfully and Effectually discharged their Office there should then be preferred to be Bishops or Abbats that so others by their example might be encouraged to do the like and also that those People might know and see that great Honors are by us proposed to such men as we send over to them to teach and instruct them And it seems also to be very Necessary to institute some certain Order of Preachers of the New World to be expressely known by that name seeing that the Businesse seems altogether to require it And the King of Spain must also take care rather how that Country may be made Populous full of Inhabitants then how the Natives may be all rooted out And such among them as will not be converted to Christianity He may make Slaves after the examples of the Romans and Lucullus who alone had forty thousand Slaves of his own by whose meanes he dug down nine Mountaines and laid them level with the plain ground and these Slaves the King of Spain may put to row in his Gallies But as for those that shall embrace the Christian Faith they may be put to learn Mechanical Occupations as Smiths and Carpenters and the like that so the Spaniards themselves may not need to look after any thing else but wholly to mind the exercising of themselves in Military Affaires following herein the example of Croesus King of Lydia whose Custome it was to put all such Prisoners as he had taken in War to learn the trades of Carpenters and Smiths but to keep his own subjects close to their Armes onely I think it fit therefore that a great number of those Indians should be transported over into Spain and Africk and should be set to build great Cities all along upon the Coast of Africk and of Asia the strong Holds and Government of which Cities should be put into the hands of Spaniards onely but the tilling of the Ground and the Mechanical Arts should be left to the Indians to follow or to some other the like Slaves of the Spaniards that should also be Christians And when any of the Indian Kings should chance to be converted and transported over into Spain they should have Baronies conferred upon them there that so the Spanish Empire might thereby be rendred the more Glorious and that the Indians also might by this means be brought by degrees to love us and our Countries And if the King of Spain had but observed all these Rules He might at this day have been possessed of larger Territories both in Africk and Asia and Spain also would have been more Populous and strong and the New World much Richer then it is And therefore in my Opinion it is the most Absurd thing in the World for the King to make those parts a Treasury to supply Him with Gold Silver only and not rather with Men seeing that these later are of the two of much the greater Value Now of those Indians being brought up to Trades and comming in progresse of time to be sufficiently Hispaniolized the King may make Souldiers also as the Turk is used to do with such of our Children as he takes to bring up in his Turkish way of life Then would I have in each several Province of the New World an Austrian Seminary to be set up for the training up of Young Souldiers who should acknowledge no other Father save the King onely and another Seminary for Women of which we spake formerly and likewise another for Mariners of which I shall speak more hereafter And by this meanes it would so come to passe that within lesse then Thirty years the King would so abound with Faithful Domestick Servants of his own that He would have no further need to make use either of Auxiliaries or Mercenary Souldiers and He would hereby also winne the hearts of the Indians to him when they shall see their Children to be brought up in so Liberal and Ingenuous a way of Education and shall find them nothing so Rude and Ill-behaved as they were before and so they will the more readily yield to serve the Spaniard Lastly seing that That part of the World is at so vast a distance from this of ours it is necessary that these Parts should be united and joyned together as much as possibly can be for as much as there is no Empire but is Lame and Imperfect without this Union The first sort of Union is True Religion and therefore there ought to be strong Castles and Block-houses erected upon all Havens and Mouths of Rivers least the English breaking into these Parts should bring in Heresy whereby the whole Design of the Spaniard would be utterly frustrated and come to nothing And besides there should be nothing had in greater Reverence where any of these People are in Presence then the very name of the Pope that so they may be kept the faster to our Religion And they should be brought also to sue to us and to desire us to prescribe them some Rule of Living here and also the Meanes of attaining to Eternal Life hereafter In the Second Place the King of Spain must make himself Absolute Lord of those Countries for if there should but any other Christian be chosen King in that Part of the World Our King were then quite lost Now there is none that He need to fear in that point unlesse it be some Principal Noble Man especially if it should chance to be such a one as is descended lineally from some of those Worthies that were the First Discoverers of this New World as namely if he should be descended from Columbus who first of all discovered these Parts or else from Cortesius So that it seemes to be necessary that such as have performed such gallant peices of Service should be rewarded indeed with very great Honours and Preferments but then it should not be in those Countries that they themselves had subdued For we know that Marquesse Vaglio who was Nephew to Columbus was once very near being chosen King And even the Vice-Roys themselves as they call them might easily make themselves Kings if they pleased And therefore none but some Principal Nobleman that hath great Revenues of his own either in Spain or Italy is to be placed as Ruler of the New World or at the least some Cardinal or Bishop that hath many kindred here with us The keeping of all strong Holds also and Castles is to be committed to some Garrison Captains who are to expect their reward from the King and the Vice-Roys are to live not in any of the strong Holds but in Cities and it must be so ordered that those that are the Commanders of the strong Holds and Castles and the Vice-Roys may be as much at variance and discord as possibly may be Over such Countries as have been conquered by Portugals there should be placed Spanish Governours and so on the
Contrary thus uniting the two Kingdomes the more and by this meanes the Kingdom will be the more happily and the more safely admininistred Clergy men should also be frequently sent to these strong Holds and Castles to take a view of them and especially the Capuchins The Authority also of Particular men is to be restrained neither ought too great a Power to be granted to any One man in any matters that are of very great Moment and consequence but these should be transacted by the Personal joynt consent of all or at least by signifying the same by their Letters In like manner as all things that concern the Kings Interest in Italy are by a very wise course therein taken appointed to be considered of by the Kings Embassadour lying Lieger at Rome the Vice-Roy of Naples and the Governour of Millan The Third sort of Union is of Goods and therefore my Opinion is that the King should do well to divide every New discovered Country among the common People and Maimed Spaniards according to the Ancient Roman Law called Lex Agraria joyning with them also such Africans and Indians as he had not long before transported into Africk but still under this Condition namely that None of them all shall account what he possesses to be his own proper Goods but must reckon upon all to be the Kings save onely what belongs to the Clergy And Fields Castles and Offices are to be frequently taken from those that hold them and to be disposed of to others that so the Eyes of all may be upon the King onely in whose gift and at whose disposal all these things are yet the fruits of the Earth of every mans Land they may gather and enjoy as their own There should also Judges be appointed out of the Clergy who should assign every man what is his Due and should allot so much for the Maintenance of the Clergy so much for to pay Souldiers and so much to be paid to the King for a Tribute And these Judges should take care to see that no Spanish Souldier shall possesse any thing as his own save only his Armes unlesse it be by chance some small Orchard or Garden for to recreate himself in but they shall all be maintained at the Publick Charge And as for such sons of Souldiers as shall not be fit to serve in the Wars they may be put to the Plough and in their places to the end that the whole Power may still be solely the Kings there may be some such chosen out among the Husbandmen as shall be thought most fit for that purpose and may be trained up to the use of Armes And thus shall all things be ordered according to the Kings own wish and desire and the King himself also shall be beloved above all things neither will his Subjects desire to have any ample Possessions seeing they all depend upon Military service only by means whereof they are daily enlarged And when it shall be thought convenient so to do there may be Vines and the Seeds of other things sent over to them that so they may have wherewithal to delight themselves but yet let them be so sparingly furnished with these things as that they may alwaies stand in need of us for their support For if that the use of Vines the liberty to till the ground and the exercise of Armes together with the use of Printing and the Building of Ships should be denied them the King might thereby easily incur the Suspition of Tyranny In the most convenient places of that Hemisphere there should be erected Schools for the study of Astronomy the Mathematicks the Mechanical and other Arts and Sciences as hath been formerly shewed that so the Constellations of the Heavens and the Seas and Countries of that Part of the World may be the more fully discovered and made known I would not have either the Kings or lesser Princes of any of those Countries to be killed but rather to be carried over into Spain For that will both adde to the Majesty of the Spanish Empire and will also very much win upon the Affections of the Indians CHAP. XXXII Of Navigation BUt now for the better preserving of this Dominion of the New World entire to himself the King of Spain had need to build him a great number of Woodden Cities and to put them out to Sea which being laden with Commodities may continually passe to and fro betwixt this and the West-Indies and by being perpetually abroad and so scouring those Seas may hinder the English and others from making any Attempts that way For the performing of which Design the King of Spain will have need of very many Ships which should also be very well Manned with a sufficient number of Sea-men which should sayl about to the New VVorld and round about Africk Asia Calicut China Japan and the Islands adjacent subduing all where ere they come And all this might easily be effected if that the King would but give his mind to gather Men together rather then Mony seeing that it appears evidently enough that in those Expeditions of his against England the Netherlands and France He was utterly frustrate and failed of his designs meerly through his trusting too much to his Mony and his want of Able Souldiers First of all therefore in all the Islands of Sicily Sardinia the Canaries those of the Achipelago St. Lazaro in Hispaniola likewise and the Philippine Islands I would have Seminaries to be erected for Mariners and places appointed all along the Coast of Spain where young youths may be taught to build Ships and Gallies and may learn to know the Stars and the use of the Mariners Compasse and of the Sea Tables and Charts all these things I say I would have beaten into the dullest heads And then whensoever He destroyes any Country He ought to have more regard to the Captives then to the spoiles of it and so becomming wiser then formerly He shall change away Gold and Silver for a better sort of Merchandise Secondly at what parts so ever His Navy shall arrive He should make Havens and erect such Work-houses especially at the mouths of Rivers and Bayes He should cause Ships and Gallies to be built in the manning of which He may make use of such Mariners as have been brought up in the foresaid Seminaries Thirdly when He hath thus gotten to be well stored with Men He may then treat with the richer sort among the Portuguezes and the Genois and let them know that they shall have both of them free liberty to build themselves Ships and Gallies and with the same to sayle round about the New World which is now almost wholly the King of Spains and to go into the Havens and to fall upon Towns and Castles there and to keep all the Booty they shall there find to themselves only the places themselves they shall deliver up to the King together with all the Elder Children of both sexes for the supply of His