with the inhabitants of the countrie of Yorkeshire and Northumberland that he wasted all the land betwixt Yorke and Durham so that for the space of threescore miles there was left in maner no habitation for the people by reason whereof it laie wast and desert for the space of nine or ten yeares ¶ The goodlie cities with their towers and steeples set vpon a statelie height and reaching as it were into the aire the beautifull fields and pastures watered with the course of sweet and pleasant riuers if a stranger should then haue beheld and also knowne before they were thus defaced he would surelie haue lamented or if any old inhabitant had béene long absent newly returned thither had séene this pitifull face of the countrie he would not haue knowne it such destruction was made through out all those quarters whereof Yorke it selfe felt not the smallest portion The bishop of Durham Egelwinus with his cleargie fled into holie Iland with S. Cutberts bodie and other iewels of the church of Durham where they tarried three moneths and od daies before they returned to Durham againe The kings armie comming into the countrie that lieth betwixt the riuers Theise and Tine found nothing but void feelds and bare walles the people with their goods and cattell being fled and withdrawne into the woods and mountaines if any thing were forgotten behind these new gests were diligent inough to find it out In the beginning of the spring king William returned to London and now after all these troubles began to conceiue greater hatred against the Englishmen line 10 than euer before so as doubting that hee should neuer by gentlenesse win their good willes he now determined by a harder measure to meete with them insomuch that he banished a great number other some also not a few he spoiled of their goods those especiallie of whom he was in hope to gaine any great portion of substance Thus were the Englishmen generallie in danger to lose life lands and goods without knowledge or orderlie proceeding in iudgement so that no greater line 20 miserie in the earth could be imagined than that whereinto our nation was now fallen He tooke from the townes and cities from the bishops sées and abbeies all their ancient priuileges and freedoms to the end they should not onelie be cut short and made weaker but also that they for the obteinment of their quietnesse might redeeme the same of him for such summes of monie as pleased him to exact Among other things he ordeined that in time of warre they should aide him with armor horsse and line 30 monie according to that order which he should then prescribe all which he caused to be registred inrolled and laid vp in his treasurie But diuerse of the spirituall persons would not obey this ordinance whom he banished without remorse About this time the archbishop Stigand and Alexander bishop of Lincolne fled to Scotland where they kept themselues close for a season But the king still continued in his hard procéeding against the Englishmen insomuch that now protesting how he line 40 came to the gouernance of the realme only by plaine conquest he seized into his hands most part of euerie mans possessions causing them to redeeme the same at his hands againe and yet reteined a propertie in the most part of them so that those that should afterwards enioy them should acknowledge themselues to hold them of him in yéelding a yéerlie rent to him and his successors for euer with certeine other prouisions whereby in cases of forfeiture the same lands should returne to him and his said successors line 50 againe The like order he appointed to be vsed by other possessors of lands in letting them forth to their tenants He ordeined also that the Termes should be kept foure times in the yéere in such places as he should nominate and that the iudges shuld sit in their seuerall places to iudge and decide causes and matters in controuersie betwixt partie and partie in manner as is vsed vnto this day He decréed moreouer that there should be shiriffes in euerie shire and iustices of the peace to keepe the countries line 60 in quiet and to sée offendors punished Furthermore he instituted the court of the Excheker and the officers belonging to the same as the barons the clearks and such other and also the high court of Chancerie After he had in this sort ordeined his magistrates and ministers of the lawes he lastlie tooke order what ordinances he would haue obserued wherevpon abrogating in maner all the ancient lawes vsed in times past and instituted by the former kings for the good order and quietnes of the people he made new nothing so equall or easie to be kept which neuerthelesse those that came after not without their great harme were constreined to obserue as though it had béene an high offense against GOD to abolish those euill lawes which king William a prince nothing friendlie to the English nation had first ordeined and to bring in other more easie and tollerable ¶ Here by the waie I giue you to note a great absurditie namelie that those lawes which touched all and ought to be knowne of all were notwithstanding written in the Norman toong which the Englishmen vnderstood not so that euen at the beginning you should haue great numbers partlie by the iniquitie of the lawes and partlie by ignorance in misconstruing the same to be wrongfullie condemned some to death and some in the forfeitures of their goods others were so intangled in sutes and causes that by no means they knew how to get out but continuallie were tossed from post to piller in such wise that in their minds they curssed the time that euer these vnequall lawes were made The maner for the triall of causes in controuersie was deuised in such sort as is yet vsed Twelue ancient men but most commonlie vnlearned in the lawes being of the same countie where the sute laie were appointed by the iudges to go togither into some close chamber where they should be shut vp till vpon diligent examination of the matter they should â—grée vpon the condemnation or acquiting of the prisoner if it were in criminall causes or vpon deciding in whom the right remained if it were vpon triall of things in controuersie Now when they were all agréed they came in before the iudges declaring to what agréement they were growne which doone the iudges opened it to the offendors or sutors and withall gaue sentence as the qualitie of the case did inforce and require There may happilie be as Polydor Virgil saith that will mainteine this maner of procéeding in the administration of iustice by the voices of a iurie to haue béene in vse before the conquerors daies but they are not able to prooue it by any ancient records of writers as he thinketh albeit by some of our histories they should séeme to be first ordeined by Ethelred
he was assailed by other at home not without the iust vengeance of almightie God who meant to punish him for his periurie committed in taking vpon him the crowne contrarie to his oth made vnto the empresse and hir children For Robert earle of Glocester base brother vnto the empresse and of hir priuie councell sought by all meanes how to bring king Stephan into hatred both of the Nobles and commons that by their helpe he might be expelled the realme and the gouernment restored to the empresse and hir sonne Such earnest trauell was made by this earle of Glocester that manie of his freends which fauoured his cause now that king Stephan was occupied in the north parts ioined with him in conspiracie against their souereigne First the said earle himselfe tooke Bristowe and after this diuerse other townes and castels there in that countrie were taken by him and others with full purpose to kéepe the same to the behoofe of the empresse and hir sonne Amongst other William Talbot tooke vpon him to defend Hereford in Wales William Louell held the castell of Cary Paganell or Painell kept the castell of Ludlow William de Moun the castell of Dunestor Robert de Nicholl the castle of Warram Eustace Fitz-Iohn the castle of Walton and William Fitz-Alain the castle of Shrewesburie When word hereof came to king Stephan he was maruellouslie vexed for being determined to haue pursued the Scots euen to the vttermost limits of their countrie he was now driuen to change his mind and thought it good at the first to stop the proceedings of his enimies at home least in giuing them space to increase their force they might in processe line 10 of time growe so strong that it would be an hard matter to resist them at the last Herevpon therfore he returned southward and comming vpon his enimies recouered out of their hands diuers of those places which they held as Hereford and the castle of Shrewesburie About the same time one Walkeline yéelded the castle of Douer vnto the quéene who had besieged him within the same Now king Stephan knowing that the Scots were not like long to continue in quiet returned line 20 northwards againe and comming to Thurstan the archbishop of Yorke he committed the kéeping of the countrie vnto his charge commanding him to be in a redinesse to defend the borders vpon any sudden inuasion Which thing the couragious archbishop willinglie vndertooke By this meanes king Stephan being eased of a great part of his care fell in hand to besiege the residue of those places which the rebels kept but they fearing to abide the danger of an assault fled away some into one part and some line 30 into an other whom the kings power of horssemen still pursuing and ouertaking by the way slue and tooke no small number of them prisoners in the chase Thus was the victorie in maner wholie atchiued and all those places recouered which the enimies had fortified In like maner when king Dauid heard that the king was thus vexed with ciuill warre at home he entred England againe in most forceable wise and sending his horssemen abroad into the countrie line 40 commanded them to waste and spoile the same after their accustomed maner But in the meane time he purposed with himselfe to besiege Yorke which citie if he might haue woone he determined to haue made it the frontier hold against king Stephan and the rest that tooke part with him Herevpon calling in his horssemen from straieng further abroad he marched thitherwards and comming neere to the citie pitched downe his tents In this meane while the archbishop Thurstan to line 50 whom the charge of defending the countrie cheefelie in the kings absence apperteined called togither the Nobles and gentlemen of the shire and parties adioining whom with so pithie and effectuall words he exhorted to resist the attempts of the Scots whose cruell dooings could kéepe no measure that incontinentlie all the power of the northparts was raised and vnder the leading of William earle of Albemarle Walter Espeke William Peuerell of Nottingham and two of the Lacies Walter and Gilbert line 60 offered euen with perill of life and limme to trie the matter against the Scots in a pight field and either to driue them out of the countrie or else to loose their liues in the quarell of their prince It chanced at this time that archbishop Thurstan was sicke and therefore could not come into the field himselfe but yet he sent Rafe bishop of Durham to supplie his roome who though he saw and perceiued that euerie man was readie enough to encounter with their enimies yet he thought good to vse some exhortation vnto them the better to encourage them in maner as here ensueth Most noble Englishmen and ye right valiant Normans of whose courage the Frenchman is afraid by you England is kept vnder by you Apulia dooth florish and vnto you Ierusalem and Antioch haue yéelded their subiection We haue at this present the rebellious nation of Scotland which of right ought to be subiect to the crowne of England come into the field against vs thinking for euermore to rid themselues of their submission and to bring both vs and our countrie into their bondage and thraldome Now albeit I see in you courage sufficient to beat them backe from any further attempt yet least when you shall come to the triall by any manner of chance you should loose any péece thereof I lamenting the state of my countrie whose gréeuances I wish you should redresse doo meane to vse a few words vnto you not for that I would exhort you to doo any man wrong but rather to beat them backe which offer to doo you iniurie Consider therefore that you shall here fight with that enimie whom you haue oftentimes vanquished and oftentimes offending in periurie haue oftentimes most worthilie punished whome also to be bréefe raging after the maner of cruell robbers wickedlie spoiling churches and taking away our goods you did latelie constreine to lurke in desert places and corners out of sight Against this enimie I say therefore worthie of reuengement for his so manifold outrages shew your selues valiant and with manlie stomaches driue him out of our confines For as far as I can perceiue the victorie is yours God surelie will aid you who cannot longer abide the sinnes of this people Wherefore he that loseth his life in so iust a quarell according to the saieng of our sauiour shall find it Let not their rash and presumptuous boldnesse make you afraid sith so manie tokens of your approoued valiancie cannot cause them to stand in doubt of you You are clad in armour and so appointed with helmet curase grâ—iues and target that the enimie knoweth not where to strike and hurt you Then sith you shall haue to doo with naked men and such as vse not to weare any armour at all but more méet for brablers and
of a thousand archers kept himselfe within the woods and desert places whereof that countrie is full and so during all the time of this warre shewed himselfe an enimie to the Frenchmen slaieng no small numbers of them as he tooke them at any aduantage O worthie gentleman line 60 of English bloud And O Grandia quae aggreditur fortis discrimina virtus In like manner all the fortresses townes and castels in the south parts of the realme were subdued vnto the obeisance of Lewes the castels of Douer and Windsore onelie excepted Within a little while after Will. de Mandeuille Robert Fitz Walter and William de Huntingfield with a great power of men of warre did the like vnto the countries of Essex and Suffolke In which season king Iohn fortified the castels of Wallingford Corse Warham Bristow the Uies and diuerse others with munition and vittels About which time letters came also vnto Lewes from his procurators whom he had sent to the pope by the tenor whereof he was aduertised that notwithstanding all that they could doo or say the pope meant to excommunicate him and did but onelie staie till he had receiued some aduertisement from his legat Gualo The chéefest points as we find that were laid by Lewes his procurators against king Iohn were these that by the murther committed in the person of his nephue Arthur he had béene condemned in the parlement chamber before the French king by the péeres of France and that being summoned to appeare he had obstinatelie refused so to doo and therefore had by good right forfeited not onelie his lands within the precinct of France but also the realme of England which was now due vnto the said Lewes as they alledged in right of the ladie Blanch his wife daughter to Elianor quéene of Spaine But the pope refelled all such allegations as they produced for proofe hereof seemed to defend king Iohns cause verie pithilie but namelie in that he was vnder the protection of him as supreme lord of England againe for that he had taken vpon him the crosse as before yée haue heard But now to returne where we left About the feast of saint Margaret Lewes with the lords came againe to London at whose comming the tower of London was yeelded vp to him by appointment after which the French capteins and gentlemen thinking themselues assured of the realme began to shew their inward dispositions and hatred toward the Englishmen and forgetting all former promises such is the nature of strangers and men of meane estate that are once become lords of their desires according to the poets words Asperius nihil est humili cùm surgit in altum they did manie excessiue outrages in spoiling and robbing the people of the countrie without pitie or mercie Moreouer they did not onelie breake into mens houses but also into churches and tooke out of the same such vessels and ornaments of gold and siluer as they could laie hands vpon for Lewes had not the power now to rule the gréedie souldiers being wholie giuen to the spoile But most of all their tyrannie did appeare in the east parts of the realme when they went through the countries of Essex Suffolke and Northfolke where they miserablie spoiled the townes and villages reducing those quarters vnder their subiection and making them tributaries vnto Lewes in most seruile and slauish manner Furthermore at his comming to Norwich he found the castell void of defense and so tooke it without any resistance and put into it a garison of his souldiers Also he sent a power to the towne of Lin which conquered the same and tooke the citizens prisoners causing them to paie great summes of monie for their ransoms Morouer Thomas de Burgh chateleine of the castell of Norwich who vpon the approch of the Frenchmen to the citie fled out in hope to escape was taken prisoner and put vnder safekéeping He was brother vnto Hubert de Burgh capteine of Douer castell Now when Lewes had thus finished his enterprises in those parts he returned to London and shortlie therevpon created Gilbert de Gaunt earle of Lincolne appointing him to go thither with all conuenient speed that he might resist the issues made by them which did hold the castels of Notingham and Newarke wasting and spoiling the possessions and lands belonging to the barons neere adioining to the same castels This Gilbert de Gaunt then togither with Robert de Ropeley comming into that countrie tooke the citie of Lincolne and brought all the countrie vnder subiection the castell onlie excepted After that they inuaded Holland and spoiling that countrie made it also tributarie vnto the French Likewise Robert de Roos Peter de Bruis and Richard Percie subdued Yorke and all Yorkeshire bringing the same vnder the obeisance of Lewes The king of Scots in like sort subdued vnto the said Lewes all the countrie of Northumberland except the castels which Hugh de Balioll and Philip de Hulcotes valiantlie defended against all the force of the enimie line 10 And as these wicked rebels made a prey of their owne countrie so the legat Guallo not behind for his part to get something yer all should be gone vpon a falkonish or woolnish appetite fleeced the church considering that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and tooke proxies of euerie cathedrall church house of religion within England that is to say for euerie proxie fiftie shillings Moreouer he sequestred all the line 20 benefices of those persons and religious men that either aided or counselled Lewes and the barons in their attempts and enterprises All which benefices he spéedilie conuerted to his owne vse and to the vse of his chapleins In the meane time Lewes was brought into some good hope thorough meanes of Thomas de Burgh whom he tooke prisoner as before you haue heard to persuade his brother Hubert to yéeld vp the castell of Douer the siege whereof was the next line 30 enterprise which he attempted For his father king Philip hearing that the same was kept by a garrison to the behoofe of king Iohn wrote to his sonne blaming him that he left behind him so strong a fortresse in his enimies hands But though Lewes inforced his whole indeuour to win that castell yet all his trauell was in vaine For the said Hubert de Burgh and Gerard de Sotigam who were chéefe capteins within did their best to defend it against him and all his power so that despairing to win it by force he assaied to obteine his purpose by threatning line 40 to hange the capteins brother before his face if he would not yeeld the sooner But when that would not serue he sought to win him by large offers of gold and siluer Howbeit such was the singular constancie of Hubert that he would not giue anie eare vnto those his flatering motions Then Lewes in a great furie menaced that he would not once depart from
and to be freends each to other both obedient to the king were accorded by award wherof writings were sealed signed and deliuered to effect as followeth The award made at Westminster on the three and twentith of March Anno regni regis 36. FIrst that at the costs charges and expenses of the duke of Yorke the earles of Warwike and Salisburie fourtie fiue pounds of yearelie rent should be assured by waie of a mortisement for euer vnto the monasterie of S. Albons for suffrages and obits to be kept and almes to be imploied for the soules of Edmund late duke of Summerset Henrie late erle of Northumberland and Thomas late lord Clifford late slaine in the battell of saint Albons and buried in the abbeie church and also for the soules of all other slaine in the same battell The said duke of Summerset the earle of Northumberland and lord Clifford by vertue of the same award were declared for true and faithfull liegemen to the king and so to be holden and reputed in the daie of their deaths aswell as the said duke of Yorke the earles of Warwike and Salisburie Moreouer it was decreed that the duke of Yorke should giue to Elenor duchesse of Summerset and to Henrie duke of Summerset hir sonne the summe of fiue thousand markes of good assignements of debts which the king owght him for his wages due during the time of his seruice in Ireland to be diuided as the king should thinke conuenient betwixt the brethren sisters of the said duke of Summerset Also that the earle of Warwike should giue vnto the lord Clifford the summe of a thousand markes in good and sufficient assignements of debts which the king owght him to be distributed betwixt the said lord Clifford his brethren and sisters Also where Thomas Persie knight lord Egremond and Richard Persie his brother sonnes of the ladie Elenor countesse of Northumberland had béen in a sessions holden within the countie of Yorke before Richard Bingham and Rafe Pole the kings iustices and other commissioners condemned vnto the earle of Salisburie in the summe of eight thousand markes and to the same earle and to his wife Alice in the summe of fiue thousand marks and to Thomas Neuill knight son to the said earle of Salisburie in the summe of a thousand marks and to the said Thomas and Mawd his wife in the summe of two thousand marks and to Iohn Neuill knight sonne to the said earle of Salisburie in the summe of eight hundred marks for transgressions and trespasses there found to be doone by the said lord Egremond and Richard his brother vnto the said earle of Salisburie Alice Thomas Neuill Mawd and Iohn Neuill as by the record appéered It was ordeined that the said earle and his sonnes should release all the said summes of monie and the executions thereof and likewise release vnto Rafe Uerneie and Iohn Steward late shiriffes of London vnto whose custodie the said lord Egremond had beene for the same condemnations committed and from them escaped all actions which they or anie of them might haue against the said Uerneie and Steward for the same escape Yet it was decreed by this award that the said lord Egremond should be bound by recognisance in the Chancerie to kéepe the peace toward the said erle and his wife children seruants and tenants Also where diuerse knights esquiers and other seruants and tenants to the said earle of Northumberland and to the said lord Egremond were by their seuerall obligations bound by occasion of the said debates vnto the said duke of Yorke earle of Salisburie or anie of their children to stand to their order and gouernement it was ordeined that the same obligations should be deliuered to them that so stood bound before the feast of saint Peter ad vincula next insuing at the citie of Yorke or else that the parties so bound should haue sufficient acquitances in discharge of the same obligations It was further awarded that all variances discords debates controuersies appeales and actions personals that were or had béene betwixt any of the said persons or any of their seruants or tenants should be for euer determined ended sauing to euerie one his title action and right which he had by any euidence of arrerages of rents or seruices accounts detinues or debts due by reason of anie lawfull contract or deed had and made for anie reasonable considerations other than the variance before said And for the more assurance of both parties it was ordeined that either should release to other all maner of actions that were méere personals and appeales line 10 which anie of them might haue against the other by reason of the variances and discords before mentioned Also it was decreed that if anie action sute or quarell chanced betwixt anie of the seruants or tenants of anie of the parties for matter or title supposed to be had occasioned or mooued before this time that from thenceforth none of the said parties should mainteine support or aid any of them that will so sue and mooue strife and debate but should rather so line 20 deale as the matter may be brought to peace and quietnesse It was further awarded that if anie man complained pretended or surmised that this award was not kept but in some point broken by anie of the parties for the which breach he would haue a Scire facias or some other action prosecuted in the kings name vpon anie recognisance made to the king for the performance of this award yet should not the same Scire facias or action be prosecuted till the kings line 30 councell might be throughlie certified of the matter by the complainant and vpon consideration sée iust cause whie the same Scire facias or action ought to be had and prosecuted in the kings name And if anie variance rose betwixt the councell of both the parties in making of the recognisances releases acquittances or other writings the same variance should be determined by the two lords cheefe iustices that should be fullie instructed of the kings intention in this behalfe line 40 And besides this it was notified and declared by the same award that the parties being seuerallie bound in the Chancerie in great sums to obeie and performe this award ordinance iudgement made by the king it was the kings will and pleasure that the same recognisances should stand in force and no parcels of the summes therein conteined to be pardoned in anie wise without the agréement and consent of the partie for whose assurance the same recognisance was taken line 50 And if anie of the said summes or anie parcell thereof should be recouered by action or execution taken and prosecuted in the kings name vpon anie of the said recognisances the partie to whose hinderance the award was broken should haue the one halfe of the monie so recouered and the other moitie should be assigned to the treasuror of the kings house ¶ This ordinance award and agréement
into our language referring the reader to the English historie in all matters betwixt vs and them to be confronted therewith as he seeth cause For the continuation thereof I vsed the like order in such copies and notes as Maister Wolfe in his life time procured me sauing that in these last yeares I haue inserted some such notes as concerned matters of warre betwixt vs and the Scots bicause I got them not till that part of the English historie was past the presse For Ireland I haue shewed in mine epistle dedicatorie in what sort and by what helps I haue proceeded therein onelie this I forgot to signifie that I had not Giraldus Cambrensis and Flatsburie vntill that part of the booke was vnder the presse and so being constreined to make post hast I could not exemplifie what I would out of them all neither yet dispose it so orderlie as had beene conuenient nor pen it with so apt words as might satisfie either my selfe or those to whose view it is now like to come And by reason of the like haste made in the impression where I was determined to haue transposed the most part of that which in the English historie I had noted concerning the conquest of Ireland by Hen. the second out of Houeden others I had not time thereto and so haue left it there remaining where I first noted it before I determined to make any particular collection of the Irish histories bicause the same commeth there well inough in place as to those that shall vouchsafe to turne the booke it may appeare For the computation of the yeares of the world I had by Maister Wolfes aduise followed Functius but after his deceasse M. W. H. made me partaker of a Chronologie which he had gathered and compiled with most exquisit diligence following Gerardus Mercator and other late Chronologers and his owne obseruations according to the which I haue reformed the same As for the yeares of our Lord and the kings I haue set them downe according to such authors as seeme to be of best credit in that behalfe as I doubt not but to the learned and skilfull in histories it shall appeare Moreouer this the reader hath to consider that I doo begin the yeare at the natiuitie of our Lord which is the surest order in my fansie that can be followed For the names of persons townes and places as I haue beene diligent to reforme the errours of other which are to be ascribed more to the vnperfect copies than to the authors so may it be that I haue some-where committed the like faults either by negligence or want of skill to restore them to their full integritie as I wished But what I haue performed aswell in that behalfe as others the skilfull reader shall easily perceiue and withall consider I trust what trauell I haue bestowed to his behoofe in this huge volume crauing onelie that in recompense thereof he will iudge the best and to make a freendlie construction of my meaning where ought may seeme to haue escaped my pen or the printers presse otherwise than we could haue wished for his better satisfaction Manie things being taken out as they lie in authors may be thought to giue offense in time present which referred to the time past when the author writ are not onelie tollerable but also allowable Therefore good reader I beseech thee to weigh the causes and circumstances of such faults and imperfections and consider that the like may creepe into a far lesse volume than this and shew me so much fauour as hath beene shewed to others in like causes And sithens I haue doone my good will accept the same as I with a free and thankefull mind doo offer it thee so shall I thinke my labour well bestowed For the other histories which are alreadie collected if it please God to giue abilitie shall in time come to light with some such breefe descriptions of the forren regions whereof they treat as may the better suffice to the readers contentation and vnderstanding of the matters conteined in the same histories reduced into abridgements out of their great volumes And thus I ceasse further to trouble thy patience wishing to thee gentle reader so much profit as by reading may be had and as great comfort as Gods holie spirit may endue thee with FINIS The politike Conquest of William the first THis William Duke of Normandie base son of Robert the sixt Duke of Normandie and nephew vnto Edward King of England surnamed the Confessor hauing vanquished line 10 the English power and slaine Harold in the field as you may read at large towards the end of the historie of England began his reigne ouer England the xv daie of October being sundaie in the yeare after the creation of the world 5033. as W. Harison gathereth and after the birth of our Sauiour 1066. which was in the tenth yeare of the emperour line 20 Henrie the fourth year 1066 in the sixt of pope Alexander the second in the sixt of Philip king of France and about the tenth of Malcolme the third surnamed Camoir king of Scotland Immediatlie after he had thus got the victorie in a pight field as before ye haue heard he first returned to Hastings and after set forward towards London wasted the countries of Sussex Kent Hamshire Southerie Middlesex and Herefordshire burning the townes and sleaing the people till he came line 30 to Beorcham In the meane time immediatlie after the discomfiture in Sussex the two earles of Northumberland and Mercia Edwin and Marchar who had withdrawne themselues from the battell togither with their people came to London and with all speed sent their sister quéene Aldgitha vnto the citie of Chester and herewith sought to persuade the Londoners to aduance one of them to the kingdome as Wil. Mal. writeth But Simon of Durham saith that Aldred archbishop of Yorke and the said earles with line 40 others would haue made Edgar Etheling king Howbeit whilest manie of the Nobilitie and others prepared to make themselues redie to giue a new battell to the Normans how or whatsoeuer was the cause the said earles drew homewards with their powers to the great discomfort of their freends Wil. Malm. séemeth to put blame in the bishops for that the lords went not forward with their purpose in aduancing Edgar Etheling to the crowne For the bishops saith he refused to ioine with the lords in that line 50 behalfe and so through enuie and spite which one part bare to another when they could not agrée vpon an Englishman they receiued a stranger insomuch that vpon king William his comming vnto Beorcham Aldred archbishop of Yorke Wolstane bishop of Worcester and Walter bishop of Hereford Edgar Etheling and the foresaid earles Edwin and Marchar came and submitted themselues vnto him whom he gentlie receiued and incontinentlie made an agréement with them taking their oth and hostages as some write and yet neuerthelesse he permitted
Normans at Yorke he shewed proofe of his prowesse in striking off the heads of manie of them with his owne hands as they came foorth of the gates singlie one by one yet afterwards when the king had pardoned him of all former offenses and receiued him into fauour hee gaue to him in mariage his néece Iudith the daughter of Lambert earle of Lens sister to Stephenerle of Albermare and with hir he had of the kings gift all the lands and liberties belonging to the honor of Huntingdon in consideration whereof he assigned to hir in name of hir dower all the lands that he held from Trent southward Shée bare by him two daughters Maud and Alice We find that he was not onlie earle of Northumberland but also of Northampton and Huntingdon The countesse of Cambridge or Northfolke as other haue wife of earle Rafe being fled into the citie of Norwich was besieged in the same by the kings power which pressed the citie so sore as it was forced for verie famine to yéeld but yet by composition namelie that such as were besieged within should depart the realme as persons abiured and banished the land for euer This was the end of the foresaid conspiracie At this verie time the Danes being confederate with these rebels and by them solicited set forth towards England vnder the leading of Cnuto sonne to Sueno and earle Haco and vnlooked for arriue here in England with two hundred sailes But hearing that the ciuill tumult was ended and seeing no man readie either to countenance or encourage them in their enterprise they sailed first into Flanders which they spoiled and after into their owne countrie with little desire or will to come againe into England King William also vnderstanding that they were thus departed passed ouer into Britaine and there besieged the castell of Doll that belonged to Rafe earle of Cambridge or Northfolke but by the comming of Philip the French king king William being vnprouided of sufficient vittels for his armie was constreined to raise his siege although with great losse both of men and horsses On the 27. daie of March was a generall earthquake in England and in the winter following a frost that continued from the first of Nouember vntill the middle of Aprill A blasing starre appeered on palme sundaie beeing the sixteenth daie of Aprill about six of the clocke when the aire was faire and cleere About the same season pope Gregorie perceiuing that married préests did thoose rather to run into the danger of his câ—â—sse than to forsake their wiues meaning to bridle them by an other prouiso gaue commandment by his bull published abroad that none should heare the masse of a married prâ—est King William after his comming from the siege of Doll remained a certeine time in quiet during which season Lanfranke the archbishop called a synod or councell of the cleargie at London wherein amongst other things it was ordeined that certeine bishops sees should be 〈…〉 small townes to cities of more fame whereby it came to passe that Chichester Exceter Bath Salisburie Lincolne Chester were honored with new sees and palaces of bishops whereas before they kept their residence at Sellewey Kirton Welles Shireborne Dorchester and Lichfield At this synod also Woolstan bishop of Worcester was present whom Lanfranke would haue deposed for his insufficiencie of learning as he colourablie pretended but indeed to pleasure the king who faine would haue placed a Norman in his roome but as they saie by a miracle which he presentlie wrought in causing his crosier staffe to sticke fast in the toome line 10 of saint Edward to whom he protested and said he would resigne it for that he obteined the same by his gift he did put the king and the archbishop into such feare that they suffered him still to enioy his bishopprike without any further vexation These things with other touching a reformation in the church and cleargie being handled in this councell it was soone after dissolued In the yeare following king William led a mightie armie into Wales and subdued it receiuing of line 20 the rulers and princes there their homages and hostages About the same time Robert the kings eldest sonne a right worthie personage but yet as one of nature somewhat vnstable entred into Normandie as a rebell to his father and by force tooke diuers places into his hands Which he did by the practise of Philip the French king who now began to doubt of the great puissance of king William as foreseeing how much it might preiudice him and the whole line 30 realme of France in time to come Wherefore to stop the course of his prosperous successe he deuised a meane to set the sonne against the father True it is that king William had promised long afore to resigne the gouernment of Normandie vnto the said Robert his sonne Wherevpon the yoong man being of an ambitious nature and now pricked forward by the sinister counsell of his adherents seeketh to obteine that by violence which he thought would be verie long yer he should atteine by curtesie King William hereof aduertised was not a little mooued line 40 against his disobedient sonne and curssed both him and the time that euer he begat him Finallie raising an armie he marched towards him so that they met in the field Assoone as the one came in sight of the other they encountred at a place called Archenbraie and whilest the battell was at the hottest and the footmen most busied in fight Robert appointed a power of horssemen to breake in vpon the réereward of his enimies he himselfe following after line 50 with all his might chanced among other to haue a conflict with his owne father so that thrusting him through the arme with his lance he bare him beside his horsse and ouerthrew him to the ground The king being falne called to his men to remount him Robert perceiuing by his voice that it was his father whom he had vnhorssed spéedilie alighted and tooke him vp asking him forgiuenesse for that fact and setting him vp on his owne horsse brought him out of the prease and suffered him to depart in safetie line 60 King William being thus escaped out of that present danger and séeing himselfe not able to resist the puissance of his enimies left the field to his son hauing lost many of his men which were slaine in battell and chace besides a great number that were hurt and wounded among whom his second sonne William surnamed Rufus or Red was one and therefore as some write he bitterlie curssed his son Robert by whom he had susteined such iniurie losse and dishonor Howbeit other write that for the courtesie which his sonne shewed in releeuing and helping him out of danger when he was cast off his horsse he was mooued with such a fatherlie affection that presentlie after they were made friends the father pardoned his
bonds line 30 and obligations laie by the which they had diuerse of the kings subiects bound vnto them in most vnconscionable sort and for such detestable vsurie as if the authors that write thereof were not of credit would hardlie be beleeued All which euidences or bonds they solemnelie burned in the middest of the church After which ech went his waie the souldiers to the king and the commons to their houses and so was the citie quieted This happened at Yorke on Palmesundaie eeue being the 17. of March and vpon line 40 the 15. of that moneth those that inhabited in the towne of S. Edmundsburie in Suffolke were set vpon and manie of them slaine The residue that escaped through the procurement of the abbat then named Samson were expelled so that they neuer had anie dwellings there since that time Thus were the Iewes vnmercifullie dealt with in all places in maner through this realme the first beginning whereof chanced at London as before ye haue heard and the next at Lin of which I thinke it line 50 good to note some part of the maner therof although breeflie and so to returne to my purpose The occasion therefore of the tumult at Lin chanced by this meanes it fortuned that one of the Iewes there was become a christian wherewith those of his nation were so mooued that they determined to kill him where soeuer they might find him And herevpon they set vpon him one daie as he came by through the stréets he to escape their hands fled to the next church but his countriemen were so desirous to execute line 60 their malicious purpose that they followed him still and inforced themselues to breake into the church vpon him Herewith the noise being raised by the christians that sought to saue the conuerted Iew a number of mariners being forreners that were arriued there with their vessels out of sundrie parts and diuerse also of the townesmen came to the rescue and setting vpon the Iewes caused them to flée into their houses The townesmen were not verie earnest in pursuing of them bicause of the kings proclamation and ordinance before time made in fauour of the Iewes but the mariners followed them to their houses 〈◊〉 diuerse of them robbed and sacked their goods and finallie set their dwellings on fire and so burnt them vp altogither These mariners being inriched with the spoile of the Iewes goods and fearing to be called to accompt for their vnlawfull act by the kings officers got them foorthwith to shipboord and hoising vp sailes departed with their ships to the sea and so escaped the danger of that which might haue béene otherwise laid to their charge The townesmen being called to an accompt excused themselues by the mariners burdening them with all the fault But although they of Lin were thus excused yet they of Yorke escaped not so easilie For the king being aduertised of such outrage doone contrarie to the order of his lawes and expresse commandement wrote ouer to the bishop of Elie his chancellour charging him to take cruell punishment of the offendors The bishop with an armie went to Yorke but the cheefe authors of the riot hearing of his comming fled into Scotland yet the bishop at his comming to the citie caused earnest inquirie to be made of the whole matter The citizens excused themselues offered to proue that they were not of counsel with them that had committed the riot neither had they aided nor comforted them therein in anie maner of wise And in déed the most part of them that were the offendors were of the countries and townes néere to the citie with such as were crossed into the holie land and now gone ouer to the king so that verie few or none of the substantiall men of the citie were found to haue ioined with them Howbeit this would not excuse the citizens but that they were put to their fine by the stout bishop euerie of them paieng his portion according to his power and abilitie in substance the common sort of the poore people being pardoned and not called into iudgement sith the ringleaders were fled and gone out of the waie and thus much by waie of digression touching the Iews Now to returne vnto the king who in this meane time was verie busie to prouide all things necessarie to set forward on his iournie his ships which laie in the mouth of the riuer of Saine being readie to put off he tooke order in manie points concerning the state of the common-wealth on that side and chéefelie he called to mind that it should be a thing necessarie for him to name who should succeed him in the kingdome of England if his chance should not be to returne againe from so long and dangerous a iournie He therefore named as some suppose his nephue Arthur the sonne of his brother Geffrey duke of Britaine to be his successour in the kingdome a yâ—â—ng man of a likelie proofe and princelie towardneâ—â—e but not ordeined by God to succéed ouer this kingdome About the same time the bishop of Elie lord chancellour and cheefe iustice of England tooke vp to the kings vse of euerie citie in England two palfries and two sumpter horsses of euerie abbeie one palfrie and one sumpter horsse euerie manour within the realme â—ound also one palfrie and one sumpter horsse Moreouer the said bishop of Elie deliuered the gouernment of Yorkeshire to his brother Oâ—bert de Longchampe and â—ll those knights of the said shire the which would not come to make answer to the law vppon summons giuen them he commanded to be apprehended and by and by cast in prison Also when the bishop of Durham was returned from the king and coâ—e ouer intâ— England to go vâ—to his charge at his meeting with the lord chancellour at Elie notwithstanding that he shewed him his letters patents of the grant made to him to be iustice from Trent northward the said lord châ—ncellour taking his iournie to Southwell with him there deteined him as prisoner till he had made surrender to him of the castell of Windsor further had deliuered to him his sonnes Henrie de Putsey and Gilbert de la Ley as pledges that he should keepe the peace against the king and all his subiects vntill the said prince should returne from the holie land And so he was deliuered for that time though shortlie after and whilest he remained at Houeden there came to him Osbert de Longchampe the lord chancellors brother and William de Stuteuille the which caused the said bishop to find sufficient suertie that he should not thence depart without the kings licence or the line 10 lord chancellors so long as the king should be absent oâ— Herevpon the bishop of Durham sent knowledge to the king how and in what sort he had béene handled by the chancellor In the meanetime the king was gone into Gascoigne where he besieged a castell that belonged to one William de Chisi
feast of All saints the parlement began to the which the duke of Lancaster came bringing with him an excéeding number of armed men and likewise the earle of Northumberland with no lesse companie came likewise to London was lodged within the citie hauing great friendship shewed towards him of the citizens who promised to assist him at all times when necessitie required so that his part séemed to be ouerstrong for the duke if they should haue come to anie triall of their forces at that time The duke laie with his people in the suburbs and euerie daie when they went to the parlement house at Westminster both parts went thither in armour to the great terror of those that were wise and graue personages fearing some mischiefe to fall foorth of that vnaccustomed manner of their going armed to the parlement house contrarie to the ancient vsage of the realme At length to quiet the parties and to auoid such inconueniences as might haue growen of their dissention the king tooke the matter into his hands and so they were made fréends to the end that some good might be doone in that parlement for reformation of things touching the state of the realme for which cause it was especiallie called but now after it had continued a long time and few things at all concluded newes came that the ladie Anne sister to the emperour Wenslaus affianced wife to the king of England was come to Calis whervpon the parlement was proroged till after Christmas that in the meane time the marriage might be solemnized which was appointed after the Epiphanie and foorthwith great preparation was made to receiue the bride that she might be conueied with all honor vnto the kings presence Such as should receiue hir at Douer repaired thither where at hir landing a maruellous and right strange woonder happened for she was no sooner out of hir ship and got to land in safetie with all hir companie but that foorthwith the water was so troubled and shaken as the like thing had not to any mans remembrance euer béene heard of so that the ship in which the appointed queene came ouer was terriblie rent in péeces and the residue so beaten one against an other that they were scattered here and there after a woonderfull manner Before hir comming to the citie of London she was met on Black-heath by the maior and citizens of London in most honorable wise year 1382 and so with great triumph conueied to Westminster where at the time appointed all the nobilitie of the realme being assembled she was ioined in marriage to the king and crowned quéene by the archbishop of Canturburie with all the glorie and honor that might be deuised There were also holden for the more honour of the same marriage solemne iustes for certeine daies togither in which as well the Englishmen as the new quéenes countriemen shewed proofe of their manhood and valiancie whereby praise commendation of knightlie prowesse was atchiued not without damage of both the parties After that the solemnitie of the marriage was finished the parlement eftsoones began in the which many things were inacted for the behoofe of the commonwealth And amongst other things it was ordeined that all maner manumissions obligations releasses and other bonds made by compulsion dures and menace in time of this last tumult and riot against the lawes of the land and good faith should be vtterlie void and adnihilated And further that if the kings faithfull liege people did perceiue any gathering of the cōmons in suspected wise to the number of six or seauen holding conuenticles togither they should not staie for the kings writ in that behalfe for their warrant but foorthwith it should be lawfull for them to apprehend such people assembling togither and to laie them in prison till they might answer their dooings These and manie other things were established in this parlement of the which the most part are set foorth in the printed booke of statutes where ye may read the same more at large In time of this parlement William Ufford the earle of Suffolke being chosen by the knights of the shires to pronounce in behalfe of the common-wealth certeine matters concerning the same the line 10 verie daie and houre in which he should haue serued that turne as he went vp the staires towards the vpper house he suddenlie fell downe and died in the hands of his seruants busie about to take him vp whereas he felt no gréefe of sickenesse when he came into Westminster being then and before merrie and pleasant inough to all mens sights Of his sudden death manie were greatlie abashed for that in his life time he had shewed himselfe courteous and amiable to all men ¶ The parlement shortlie therevpon line 20 tooke end after that the merchants had granted to the king for a subsidie certeine customes of their wools which they bought and sold called a maletot to endure for foure yeares ¶ The lord Richard Scroope was made lord chancellor the lord Hugh Segraue lord treasuror About the same time the lord Edmund Mortimer earle of March the kings lieutenant in Ireland departed this life after he had brought in manner all that land to peace and quiet by his noble and prudent line 30 gouernement In this season Wicliffe set forth diuerse articles and conclusions of his doctrine which the new archbishop of Canturburie William Courtneie latelie remooued from the sée of London vnto the higher dignitie did what he could by all shifts to suppresse and to force such as were the setters foorth and mainteiners thereof to recant and vtterlie to renounce What he brought to passe in the booke of acts and monuments set foorth by maister I. Fox ye may find at large The tuesday next after line 40 the feast of saint Iohn Port latine an other parlement began in which at the earnest sute and request of the knights of the shires Iohn Wraie priest that was the chiefe dooer among the commons in Suffolke at Burie and Mildenhall was adiudged to be drawen and hanged although manie beleeued that his life should haue béene redeemed for some great portion of monie A lewd fellow that tooke vpon him to be skilfull in physicke and astronomie caused it to be published line 50 thorough the citie of London that vpon the Ascension euen there would rise such a pestilent planet that all those which came abroad foorth of their chambers before they had said fiue times the Lords praier then commonlie called the Pater noster and did not eate somewhat that morning before their going foorth should be taken with sicknesse suddenlie die thereof Manie fooles beléeued him and obserued his order but the next day when his presumptuous lieng could be no longer faced out he was set on horssebacke line 60 with his face towards the taile which he was compelled to hold in his hand in stéed of a bridle and so was led about
perilous doctrines books works and writings conteining heresies and errors contrarie to the faith catholike and determination of holie church and speciallie these heresies and errours following that is to saie in particular In primis quòd non est de necessitate fidei credere quòd dominus noster Iesus Christus post mortem descendit ad inferâ—s Item quòd non est de necessitate salutis credere in sanctorum communionem Item quòd ecclesiâ— vniuersalis potest errare in hijs quâ— sunt fidei Item quòd non est de necessitate salutis credere tenere illud quod consilium generale vniuersalis ecclesia statuit approbat seu determinat in fauorem fidei ad salutem animarum est ab vniuersis Christi fidelibus approbandum tenendum Wherefore I miserable sinner which here before long time haue walked in darkenesse and now by the mercie and infinit goodnesse of God reduced into the right waie and light of truth and considering my selfe gréeuouslie haue sinned and wickedlie haue informed and infected the people of God returne and come againe to the vnitie of our mother holie church and all heresies and errors written and conteined in my said books works and writings here solemnelie and openlie reuoke renounce Which heresies and errors and all other spices of heresies I haue before this time before the most reuerend father in God and my good lord of Canturburie in diuerse and lawfull forme iudiciallie abiured submitting my selfe being then and also now at this time verie contrite and penitent sinner to the correction of the church and of my said lord of Canturburie And ouer this exhorting requiring in the name vertue of almightie God in the saluation of your soules and mind that no man hereafter giue faith and credence to my said pernicious doctrines heresies and errors neither my said books kéepe hold or read in anie wise but that they all such books works and writings suspect of heresies deliuer in all goodlie hast vnto my said lord of Canturburie or to his commissioners and deputies in eschewing of manie inconueniences and great perils of soules the which else might be cause of the contrarie And ouer this declaration of my conuersion and repentance I here openlie assent that my said books works and writings for declaration and cause aboue rehearsed be deputed vnto the fire and openlie burnt in example and terror of all other c. After this he was depriued of his bishoprike hauing a certeine pension assigned vnto him for to liue on in an abbeie and soone after died His books were intituled 1 Of christian religion and a booke perteining therevnto 2 Of matrimonie 3 Iust expressing of holie scripture diuided into three parts 4 The donet of christian religion 5 The follower of the donet 6 The booke of faith 7 The booke filling the foure tables 8 The booke of worshipping 9 The prouoker of christian men 10 The booke of counsell In the moneth of Ianuarie died the earle of Deuonshire in the abbeie of Abindon poisoned as men said being there at that time with quéene Margaret to appease the malice betweene the yoong lords whose fathers were slaine at saint Albons and they that held with the duke of Yorke The thirtéenth of Aprill there was a great fraie in Fléetstreet betweene men of court and the inhabitants of the same stréet in which fraie the quéenes atturnie was slaine For this fact the king committed the principall gouernours of Furniuals Cliffords and Barnards In to prison in the castell of Hertford and William Tailor alderman of that ward with manie other were sent to Windsore castell the seuenth of Maie On thursdaie in Whitsunweeke the duke of Summerset with Anthonie Riuers and other foure kept iustes before the quéene in the Tower of London against three esquiers of the queenes And in like maner at Gréenewich the sundaie following King Henrie and his councell perceiuing the duke of Yorke laie still and stirred not returned to London and there called a great councell openlie declaring how the French and Scots imboldened by the ciuill discord within this realme attempted to annoie the same as of late they had shewed apparant tokens and likelie not ceasse vpon occasions to doo further displeasures till a perfect concord were concluded betwéene him and his fréends and those of the contrarie part and confederacie And to the intent line 10 that he would be the cheefe author of peace he promised of his dignitie so to interteine the duke of Yorke and his fréends that all old grudges should be not onelie inwardlie forgotten but also outwardlie forgiuen which should be cause of perpetuall loue and assured amitie This deuise was of all men iudged for the best Wherevpon diuerse graue persons were sent to the duke of Yorke and all other the great estates of the realme who since the battell of saint Albons neuer line 20 met nor communed togither commanding them for great causes to repaire to the kings court without delaie At his commandement came to London Richard duke of Yorke with foure hundred men and was lodged at Bainards castell being his owne house and after him came the earle of Salisburie with fiue hundred men and was likewise lodged at his owne house called the Herbour Then came the dukes of Excester and Summerset with eight hundred men and were lodged without Temple barre line 30 and the earle of Northumberland the lord Egremond and the lord Clifford came with fiftéene hundred men and lodged without the citie The earle of Warwike also came from Calis with six hundred men in red iackets imbrodered with white ragged slaues behind and before and was lodged at the graie friers Thus were all those of the one part lodged within the citie and those of the other without in Holborne towards Westminster and in other places of the line 40 suburbs all vpon wise consideration for that the Yorke faction and the Lancastrians could not well haue béene mingled without danger of discord After that these lords were thus come vnto London the king and the quéene shortlie followed comming thither the seuentéenth daie of March and lodged in the bishops palace Bicause no riotous attempt or bickering should be begun betwéene anie of the parties or their retinues the maior and aldermen of the citie line 50 kept great watch as well by daie as by night riding about the citie by Holborne and Fléetstréet with fiue thousand men well armed and arraied to sée good order and peace on all sides kept The lords which lodged within the citie held a dailie councell at blacke friers the other part soiourning without the walles assembled likewise in the chapiter house at Westminster At length by the diligent trauell and good exhortation of the archbishop of Canturburie and other prelats both parties were line 60 persuaded to come to communication and so did Where after long debating of grieuances on both sides they promising to forget all old rancors
these things were adooing in the south-parts king Henrie being in the north countrie assembled a great armie trusting for all this to subdue his enimies namelie sith their chiefe ringleader the duke of Yorke was dispatched out of the waie line 20 But he was deceiued for out of the ded stocke sprang a branch more mightie than the stem this Edward the fourth a prince so highlie fauoured of the people for his great liberalitie clemencie vpright dealing and courage that aboue all other he with them stood in grace alone by reason whereof men of all ages and degrees to him dailie repaired some offering themselues and their men to ieopard their liues with him and other plentiouslie gaue monie to support his charges and to mainteine his right line 30 By which meanes he gathered togither a puissant armie to the intent by battell sithens none other waies would serue at once to make an end of all So his armie and all things prepared he departed out of London the twelfe daie of March and by easie iournies came to the castell of Pomfret where he rested appointing the lord Fitz Walter to kéepe the passage at Ferribridge with a good number of tall mâ—n King Henrie on the other part hauing his armie in readinesse committed the gouernance thereof line 40 to the duke of Summerset the earle of Northumberland and the lord Clifford as men desiring to reuenge the death of their parents slaine at the first battell at saint Albons These capteins leauing king Henrie his wife and sonne for the most safegard within the citie of Yorke passed the riuer of Wharfe with all their power intending to stop king Edward of his passage ouer the riuer of Aire And the better to bring that to passe the lord Clifford determined to make a charge vpon them that line 50 kept the passage of Ferribridge and so he departed with his light horssemen from the great armie on the saturdaie before Palmesundaie and earelie yer his enimies were aware slue the kéepers and wan the bridge The lord Fitz Walter hearing the noise suddenlie rose out of his bed and vnarmed with a pollar in his hand thinking that it had béene but a fraie amongst his men came downe to appease the same but yer he knew what the matter meant was slaine and with him the bastard of Salisburie brother to the earle of Warwike a valiant yoong gentleman and line 60 of great audacitie When the earle of Warwike was informed hereof like a man desperat he mounted on his hacknie and hasted puffing and blowing to king Edward saieng Sir I praie God haue mercie of their soules which in the beginning of your enterprise haue lost their liues And bicause I sée no succors of the world but in God I remit the vengeance to him our creator and redéemer With that he alighted downe and slue his horse with his sword saieng Let him flée that will for suerlie I will tarrie with him that will tarrie with me and kissed the crosse of his sword as it were for a vow to the promise King Edward perceiuing the courage of his trustie friend the earle of Warwike made proclamation that all men which were afraid to fight should depart and to all those that tarried the battell he promised great rewards with addition that anie souldier which voluntarilie would abide and afterwards either in or before the fight should seeme to flee or turne his backe then he that could kill him should haue a great reward and double wages After this proclamation ended the lord Fauconbridge sir Walter Blunt Robert Horne with the fore-ward passed the riuer at Castelford three miles from Ferribridge intending to haue inuironed the lord Clifford and his companie But they being therof aduertised departed in great hast toward king Henries armie yet they met with some that they looked not for were so trapt yer they were aware For the lord Clifford either for heat or paine putting off his gorget suddenlie with an arrow as some saie without an head was striken into the throte and immediatlie rendred his spirit and the earle of Westmerlands brother and all his companie almost were there slaine at a place called Dintingdale not far from Towton This end had the lord Clifford which slue the earle of Rutland kneeling on his knees whose yoong sonne Thomas Clifford was brought vp with a sheepheard in poore habit euer in feare to be knowne till king Henrie the seuenth obteined the crowne by whom he was restored to his name and possessions When this conflict was ended at Ferribridge the lord Fauconbridge hauing the fore-ward bicause the duke of Norffolke was fallen sicke valiantlie vpon Palmesundaie in the twilight set foorth his armie and came to Saxton where he might apparantlie behold the host of his aduersaries which were accompted thréescore thousand men and thereof aduertised king Edward whose whole armie amounted to eight and fortie thousand six hundred and thréescore persons which incontinentlie with the earle of Warwike set forward leauing the rere-ward vnder the gouernance of sir Iohn Wenlocke sir Iohn Dinham and other And first of all he made proclamation that no prisoner should be taken So the same daie about nine of the clocke which was the nine and twentith daie of March being Palmesundaie both the hostes approched in a faire plaine field betweene Towton and Saxton When ech part perceiued other they made a great shout and at the same instant there fell a small sléete or snow which by violenee of the wind that blew against them was driuen into the faces of king Henries armies so that their sight was somewhat dimmed The lord Fauconbridge leading K. Edwards fore-ward caused euerie archer vnder his standard to shoot one flight which before he caused them to prouide and then made them to stand still The northerne men feeling the shot but by reason of the sléet not well viewing the distance betweene them and their enimies like forward men shot their theafe arrowes as fast as they might but all to losse for they came short of the southerne men by thréescore yards So their shot almost spent the lord Fauconbridge marched forward with his archers which not onelie shot their whole sheafes but also gathered the arrowes of their enimies and let a great part flie against their first owners and suffered a great sort of them to stand which sore troubled the legs of the northerne men when the battell ioined The earle of Northumberland and Andrew Trollop chiefe capteins of king Henries vawward séeing their shot not to preuaile hasted to ioine with their enimies and the other part slacked not their pase This battell was sore foughten for hope of life was set aside on either part taking of prisoners proclamed a great offense so euerie man determined to vanquish or die in the field This deadlie conflict continued ten houres in doubtfull state of victorie vncerteinlie heauing and setting on both
of victorie against their gainstanders But as commonlie the euents of enterprises fall out flat contrarie to mens expectation and hope so came it to passe with these whose hope though it were gréene and flourie in the prosecuting of their affaires yet in the knitting vp of the matter and vnluckie successe thereof it fell out in triall to be a flattering a false and a fruitlesse hope and therefore that is a true and a wise sentence of the comiall poet well seruing the purpose Insperata accidunt magis saepè quà m quae speres All this season was king Henrie in Scotland and quéene Margaret being in France found such line 10 friendship at the French kings hands that she obteined a crue of fiue hundred Frenchmen with the which she arriued in Scotland And after that she had reposed hir selfe a time she sailed with hir gallant band of those ruffling Frenchmen toward Newcastell and landed at Tinmouth But whether she were afraid of hir owne shadow or that the Frenchmen cast too manie doubts the truth is that the whole armie returned to their ships and a tempest rose so suddenlie that if she had not taken a small carauell and that with good spéed arriued at Berwike she had line 20 beene taken at that present time by hir aduersaries And although fortune was so fauourable to hir yet hir companie with stormie blasts was driuen on the shore before Banburgh castell where they set their ships on fire and fled to an Iland called holie Iland where they were so assailed by the bastard Ogle and an esquier called Iohn Manners with other of king Edward freends that manie of them were slaine and almost foure hundred taken prisoners but their coronell Peter Bressie otherwise called monsieur line 30 de Uarenne happened vpon a fisherman and so came to Berwike vnto queene Margaret who made him capteine of the castell of Alnewike which he with his Frenchmen kept till they were rescued Shortlie after quéene Margaret obteined a great companie of Scots and other of hir friends and so bringing hir husband with hir and leauing hir sonne called prince Edward in the towne of Berwike entered Northumberland tooke the castell of Banburgh line 40 and stuffed it with Scotishmen and made thereof capteine sir Rafe Greie and came forward toward the bishoprike of Durham When the duke of Summerset heard these newes he without delaie reuolted from king Edward and fled to king Henrie So likewise did sir Rafe Persie and manie other of the kings friends But manie mo followed king Henrie in hope to get by the spoile for his armie spoiled and burned townes and destroied fields whersoeuer he came King Edward aduertised of all these things prepared an armie both by sea and land line 50 Some of his ships were rigged and vittelled at Lin and some at Hull and well furnished with souldiers were herewith set foorth to the sea Also the lord Montacute was sent into Northumberland there to raise the people to withstand his enimies And after this the king in his proper person accompanied with his brethren and a great part of the nobilitie of his realme came to the citie of Yorke furnished with a mightie armie sending a great part thereof line 60 to the aid of the lord Montacute least peraduenture he giuing too much confidence to the men of the bishoprike and Northumberland might through them be deceiued The Lord Montacute then hauing such with him as he might trust marched foorth towards his enimies and by the waie was incountered with the lord Hungerford the lord Roos sir Rafe Persie and diuerse other at a place called Hegelie moore where suddenlie the said lords in maner without stroke striking fled and onelie sir Rafe Persie abode and was there manfullie slaine with diuerse other saieng when he was dieng I haue saued the bird in my bosome meaning that he had kept his promise and oth made to king Henrie forgetting belike that he in king Henries most necessitie abandoned him and submitted him to king Edward as before you haue heard The lord Montacute séeing fortune thus prosperouslie leading his saile aduanced forward learning by espials that king Henrie with his host was incamped in a faire plaine called Liuels on the water of Dowill in Examshire hasted thither and manfullie set on his enimies in their owne campe which like desperate persons with no small courage receiued him There was a sore foughten field and long yer either part could haue anie aduantage of the other but at length the victorie fell to the lord Montacute who by fine force entered the battell of his enimies and constreined them to flie as despairing of all succours In which flight and chase were taken Henrie duke of Summerset which before was reconciled to king Edward the lord Roos the lord Molins the lord Hungerford sir Thomas Wentworth sir Thomas Husseie sir Iohn Finderne and manie other King Henrie was a good horsseman that day for he rode so fast awaie that no man might ouertake him and yet he was so néere pursued that certeine of his henchmen were taken their horsses trapped in blue veluet and one of them had on his head the said king Henries helmet or rather as may be thought as some say his high cap of estate called Abacot garnished with two rich crownes which was presented to king Edward at Yorke the fourth day of Maie The duke of Summerset was incontinentlie beheaded at Exham the other lords and knights were had to Newcastell and there after a little respit were likewse put to death Beside these diuerse other to the number of fiue and twentie were executed at Yorke and in other places Sir Humfrie Neuill and William Tailbois calling himselfe earle of Kime sir Rafe Greie and Richard Tunstall with diuerse other which escaped from this battell hid themselues in secret places but yet they kept not themselues so close but that they were espied and taken The earle of Kime was apprehended in Riddesdale and brought to Newcastell and there beheaded Sir humfrie Neuill was taken in Holdernesse and at Yorke lost his head After this battell called Exham field king Edward came to the citie of Durham and sent from thence into Northumberland the earle of Warwike the lord Montacute the lords Fauconbridge Scroope to recouer such castels as his enimies there held and with force defended They first besieged the castell of Alnewike which sir Peter Bressie and the Frenchmen kept and in no wise would yéeld sending for aid to the Scots Whervpon sir George Dowglas erle of Angus with thirteene thousand chosen men in the day time came and rescued the Frenchmen out of the castell the Englishmen looking on which thought it much better to haue the castell without losse of their men than to leese both the castell and their men considering the great power of the Scots their owne small number and so they entered the castell and
towne a great sort were drowned Manie ran towards the towne some to the church and diuerse to the abbeie and other to other places where they thought best to saue themselues This was the last fought field or pight battell tried betwéene the potentats of this land in king Edward the fourths daies which chanced on the fourth of Maie being saturdaie in the eleauenth yeare of his reigne and in the yeare of our Lord 1471 as Anglorum praelia affirmeth saieng Vltima postremae locus est Teuxburia pugnae In the winning of the campe such as stood to it were slaine out of hand Prince Edward was taken as he fled towards the towne by sir Richard Crofts and kept close In the field and chase were slaine the lord Iohn of Summerset called marquesse Dorset Thomas Courtenie earle of Deuonshire sir Iohn Delues sir Edward Hampden sir Robert Whitingham and sir Iohn Leukener with thrée thousand others After the field was ended proclamation was made that whosoeuer could bring foorth prince Edward aliue or dead should haue an annuitie of a hundred pounds during his life and the princes life to be saued if he were brought foorth aliue Sir Richard Crofts nothing mistrusting the kings promise brought foorth his prisoner prince Edward being a faire and well proportioned yoong gentleman whom when king Edward had well aduised he demanded of him how he durst so presumptuouslie enter into his realme with banner displaied Wherevnto the prince boldlie answered saieng To recouer my fathers kingdome heritage from his father and grandfather to him and from him after him to me lineallie descended At which words king Edward said nothing but with his hand thrust him from him or as some saie stroke him with his gantlet whom incontinentlie George duke of Clarence Richard duke of Glocester Thomas Greie marquesse Dorcet and William lord Hastings that stood by suddenlie murthered for the which cruell act the more part of the dooers in their latter daies dranke of the like cup by the righteous iustice and due punishment of God His bodie was homelie interred with the other simple corpses in the church of the monasterie of blacke monks in Teukesburie After the victorie was thus atchiued the king repaired to the abbeie church there to giue God thanks for that good successe which it had pleased him to blesse him with and there finding a great number of his enimies that were fled thither to saue themselues he gaue them all his free pardon albeit there was no franchise there for rebels but that he might haue commanded them to haue béene drawen foorth without breach of anie liberties of that church He granted also that the dead bodies as well of the lords as other slaine in that battell might be buried in the same church or else where it pleased their freends or seruants without anie quartering heading or setting vp the heads or quarters in any publike places O the patience and clemencie of this good king who besides the putting vp of wrongs doone to him by violence of foes without vengeance fréelie forgaue the offendors and did so honorablie temper his affections There were found in the abbeie and other places of the towne Edmund duke of Summerset Iohn Lonstrother lord prior of S. Iohn sir Thomas Tressham sir Gerueis Clifton and diuerse other knights and esquiers which were apprehended and all of them being brought before the duke of Glocester sitting as constable of England and the duke of Norffolke as marshall in the middest of the towne they were arreigned condemned and iudged to die and so vpon the tuesdaie being the seuenth of Maie the said duke and the lord prior with the two forenamed knights and twelue other knights were on a scaffold set vp in the middle of the towne for that purpose beheaded and permitted to be buried without anie other dismembring or setting vp of their heads in anie one place or other The same tuesdaie the king departed from Teukesburie towards Worcester and by the waie had knowledge that quéene Margaret was found in a poore house of religion not far from thence into the which she was withdrawen for safegard of hir selfe on saturdaie in the morning being the daie of the battell She was after brought to London as prisoner and so kept till hir father ransomed hir with great summes of monie which he borowed of Lewes the eleuenth king of France And bicause he was not able to make repaiment thereof he sold vnto the said Lewes as the French writers affirme the kingdomes of Naples and both the Sicils with the countie of Prouance King Edward being at Worcester had aduertisements brought foorth of the north-parts that the people there were about to assemble in armour against him in fauour of king Henrie line 10 wherevpon he left the right way to London and rode to Couentrie meaning to increase the number of his people and so with a puissant armie to go northwards Herevpon comming to Couentrie the eleuenth of Maie and remaining there thrée daies he well refreshed such as had béene with him at Teukesburie field Hither was brought to him queene Margaret from whence she was conueied to London there to remaine in safe keeping as before you haue hard line 20 Whilest he was busie in sending abroad vnto his friends to leauie an armie he was aduertised that the commotion in the north was pacified For after it was knowen abroad how he obteined the victorie as well at Teukesburie as at Barnet and in manner subdued all his enimies the capteins that had stirred the people to that rebellion began to quaile and forsooke their companies Diuerse of them made sute to the earle of Northumberland that it might please him to be a mediator line 30 to the king for their pardon so that now there was no rebellion in all the north parts but that as well the citie of Yorke as all other places were at the kings commandement readie in all things to obeie him as true and loiall subiects And this was confirmed by the earle of Northumberlands owne mouth who on the fouretéenth of Maie came to the king as yet remaining at Couentrie by reason whereof it was not thought néedfull that the king should trauell anie further northward at that time line 40 either about the pacifieng of the people or to see execution doone vpon the offendors sith all was there in good tranquillitie and quiet But now when all things séemed to be at rest and no rebellion after so happie victories doubted newes came to him before his cōming to Couentrie from the lords of his bloud abiding at London that one Thomas Neuill bastard sonne to that valiant capteine the lord Thomas Fauconbridge who had latelie before beene sent to the sea by the earle of Warwike line 50 and after fallen to practise pirasie had spoiled diuerse merchants ships Portingals and others in breach of the ancient amitie that long had continued betwixt the
of the chandrie with seare cloths the yeoman of the skullerie with a pan of fire to heate the irons a chafer of water to coole the ends of the irons and two formes for all officers to set their stuffe on the sergeant of the cellar with wine ale and béere the yeoman of the yewrie in the sergeants stead who was absent with bason ewre and towels Thus euerie man in his office readie to doo the execution there was called foorth sir William Pickering knight marshall to bring in the said Edmund Kneuet and when he was brought to the bar the chiefe iustice declared to him his trespasse and the said Kneuet confessing himselfe to be giltie humblie submitted him to the kings mercie for this offense he was not onelie iudged to lose his hand but also his bodie to remaine in prison and his lands and goods at the kings pleasure Then the said sir Edmund Kneuet desired that the king of his benigne grace would pardon him of his right hand and take the left for quoth he if my right hand be spared I maie hereafter doo such good seruice to his grace as shall please him to appoint Of this submission and request the iustices foorthwith informed the king who of his goodnesse considering the gentle heart of the said Edmund and the good report of the lords granted him his pardon that he should lose neither hand lands nor goods but should go frée at libertie The lord Leonard Greie being indicted of certeine points of treason by him committed as was alledged against him during the season that he was the kings lieutenant in Ireland to wit for deliuering his nephew Girald Fitzgerard brother vnto Thomas Fitzgerard before executed and also for that he caused certeine Irishmen to inuade the lands of the kings friends whome he fauoured not on the fiue and twentith of Iune he was arreigned at Westminster in the kings bench and appointed to be tried by knights because he was a lord by name and no lord of the parlement but he discharged the iurie and confessed the indictement wherevpon he had iudgement and on the eight and twentith of Iune being saint Peters euen he was beheaded at tower hill where he ended his life verie quietlie and godlie This noble man as he was come of high linage so was he a right valiant and hardie personage hauing in his time doone his prince and countrie good seruice both in Ireland France and other places greatlie to his commendation although now his hap was thus to loose his head as conuicted by law and his renowme ouercast with a cloud of disgrace vanished as future chances befell to the abolishing of the present honor which sometime he inioied Howbeit his estimation he might haue preserued vnblemished had prouident circumspection vndertaken the direction of his dooings and that he had borne his eies in his forehead to foresee all afterclaps which a wise man will in no case neglect line 10 Nam sapiens in fronte oculos habet omnia spectans Omnia prudenti cum ratione videns The same daie that he suffered there was executed at saint Thomas Waterings thrée gentlemen Iohn Mantell Iohn Frowds and george Roidon they died for a murther committed in Sussex as their indictement imported in companie of Thomas Fines lord Dacres of the south The truth whereof was thus The said lord Dacres through the lewd persuasion of some of them as hath béene reported line 20 meaning to hunt in the parke of Nicholas Pelham esquire at Laughton in the same countie of Sussex being accompanied with the said Mantell Frowds and Roidon Iohn Cheinie and Thomas Isleie gentlemen Richard Middleton and Iohn Goldwell yeomen passed from his house of Hurstmonseux the last of Aprill in the night season toward the same parke where they intended so to hunt and comming vnto a place called Pikehaie in the parish of Hillingleie they found one Iohn Busbrig Iames Busbrig and Richard Sumner standing togither and line 30 as it fell out through quarelling there insued a fraie betwixt the said lord Dacres and his companie on the one partie and the said Iohn and Iames Busbrig and Richard Sumner on the other insomuch that the said Iohn Busbrig receiued such hurt that he died thereof the second of Maie next insuing Wherevpon as well the said lord Dacres as those that were there with him and diuerse other likewise that were appointed to go an other waie to méet line 40 them at the said parke were indicted of murther and the seauen and twentith of Iune the lord Dacres himselfe was arreigned before the lord Audleie of Walden then lord chancellor sitting that daie as high steward of England with other péeces of the realme about him who then and there condemned the said lord Dacres to die for that transgression And afterward the nine and twentith of Iune being saint Peters daie at eleuen of the clocke in the forenoone the shiriffs of London accordinglie as they line 50 were appointed were readie at the tower to haue receiued the said prisoner and him to haue lead to execution on the tower hill But as the prisoner should come forth of the tower one Heire a gentleman of the lord chancellors house came and in the kings name commanded to staie the execution till two of the clocke in the afternoone which caused manie to thinke that the king would haue granted his pardon But neuerthelesse at three of the clocke in the same afternoone he was brought forth of the tower line 60 and deliuered to the shiriffs who lead him on foot betwixt them vnto Tiburne where he died His bodie was buried in the church of saint Sepulchers He was not past foure and twentie yéeres of age when he came through this great mishap to his end for whome manie sore lamented and likewise for the other thrée gentlemen Mantell Frowds and Roidon But for the sad yoong lord being a right towardlie gentleman and such a one as manie had conceiued great hope of better proofe no small mone and lamentation was made the more indéed for that it was thought he was induced to attempt such follie which occasioned his death by some light heads that were then about him The first of Iulie a Welshman a minstrell was hanged and quartered for singing of songs which were interpreted to be prophesies against the king This summer the king tooke his progresse to Yorke and passed through Lincolneshire where was made to him an humble submission by the temporaltie and confessing their faults they humblie thanked him for his pardon which he had granted them The towne of Stanford gaue to him twentie pounds the citie of Lincoln fortie pounds Boston fiftie pounds that part of the shire which is called Linscie gaue thrée hundred pounds and Kesterne and the church of Lincolne presented him with fiftie pounds At his entring into Yorkeshire he was met with two hundred gentlemen of the same shire in cotes of veluet and foure
repaire to them in warlike maner for the defense and suertie of hir maiesties person sometimes affirming their dooings to be with the aduise and consent of the nobilitie of this realme who in deed were wholie bent as manifestlie line 30 appeared to spend their liues in dutifull obedience against them and all other traitors sometimes pretending for conscience sake to séeke to reforme religion sometimes declaring that they were driuen to take this matter in hand least otherwise forren princes might take it vpon them to the great perill of this realme Upon mondaie the thirteenth of Nouember they went to Durham with their banners displaied And to get the more credit among the fauorers of the old line 40 Romish religion they had a crosse with a banner of the fiue wounds borne before them sometime by old Norton sometime by others As soone as they entred Durham they went to the minster where they tare the bible communion bookes other such as were there The same night they went againe to Branspith The fourteenth daie of the same moneth they went to Darington and there had masse which the earles and the rest heard with such lewd deuotion as they had Then they sent their horssemen to gather togither such numbers of men as they could line 50 The fifteenth daie the earles parted he of Northumbeland to Richmond then to Northallerton so to Borowbridge he of Westmerland to Ripon after to Borowbridge where they both met againe On the eighteenth daie they went to Wetherbie and there taried three or foure daies and vpon Clifford moore nigh vnto Bramham moore they mistrusted themselues at which time they were about two thousand horssemen and fiue thousand footmen which was the greatest number that euer they were line 60 From which they intended to haue marched toward Yorke but their minds being suddenlie altered they returned The thrée and twentith of Nouember they besieged Bernards castell which castell was valiantlie defended by sir George Bowes and Robert Bowes his brother the space of eleuen daies and then deliuered with composition to depart with armor munition bag and baggage In which time the quéens maiestie caused the said earles of Northumberland Westmerland to be proclamed traitors with all their adherents and fauourers the foure and twentith of Nouember The lord Scroope warden of the west marches calling vnto him the earle of Cumberland and other gentlemen of the countrie kept the citie of Carleill The earle of Sussex the quéens lieutenant generall in the north published there the like proclamations in effect as had beene published by hir maiestie against the said rebels and also sent out to all such gentlemen as he knew to be hir maiestes louing subiects vnder his rule who came vnto him with such numbers of their friends as he was able in fiue daies to make aboue fiue thousand horssemen and footmen And so being accompanied with the erle of Rutland his lieutenant the lord Hunsdon generall of the horssemen sir Rafe Sadler treasuror the lord William Euers that was after appointed to lead the reareward and diuerse other that with their tenants and seruants were come to him remaining as then within the citie of Yorke he set forward from thense the fift of December being sundaie and marched with his power which he had thus got togither towards the enimies Sir George Bowes hauing surrendred Bernards castell as before ye haue heard met the earle of Sussex thus marching forward with his armie at Sisaie from whence they kept forward to Northallerton and resting two nights there they marched on to Croftbridge then to Akle and so to Durham and after to Newcastell And the twentith of December they came to Heram from whence the rebels were gone the night before to Naworth where they counselled with Edward Dacres concerning their owne weakenesse also how they were not onlie pursued by the earle of Sussex others with him hauing a power with them of seuen thousand men being almost at their héeles but also by the earle of Warwike and the lord Clinton high admerall of England with a far greater armie of twelue thousand men raised by the queens maiesties commissioners out of the south and middle parts of the relme In which armie beside the earle of Warwike the lord admerall chéefe gouernors in the same there was also Walter Deuereux vicount Hereford high marshall of the field with the lord Willoughbie of Perham maister Charles Howard now lord Howard of Effingham generall of the horssemen vnder the earle of Warwike yoong Henrie Knols eldest sonne to sir Francis Knols his lieutenant Edward Horseie capteine of the I le of Wight with fiue hundred harquebusiers out of the same I le and capteine Leighton with other fiue hundred harquebusiers Londoners and manie other worthie gentlemen and valiant capteins The comming forward of these forces caused the rebels so much to quaile in courage that they durst not abide to trie the matter with dint of sword For whereas the earle of Warwike and the lord admerall being aduanced forward to Darington ment the next daie to haue sent Robert Glouer then Portculeis and now Summerset herald who in his iourneie attended on the lord admerall as Norreie king of armes did vpon the earle of Warwike vnto the rebels vpon such message as for the time and state of things was thought conuenient the same night aduertisements came from the earle of Sussex vnto the earle of Warwike and to the lord admerall that the two earles of Northumberland and Westmerland were fled as the truth was they were indéed first from Durham whither the said Glouer should haue béene sent vnto them and now vpon the earle of Sussex his comming vnto Exham they shranke quite awaie and fled into Scotland without bidding their companie farewell The earle of Warwike and his power marched on to Durham But the earle of Sussex pursuing those other rebels that had not meane to flée out of the realme apprehended no small number of them at his pleasure without finding anie resistance among them at all The fourth and fift of Ianuarie did suffer at Durham to the number of thrée score and six year 1570 conestables and others amongst whome the alderman of the towne and a priest called parson Plomtrée were the most notable Then sir george Bowes being made marshall finding manie to be fautors in the foresaid rebellion did sée them executed in diuerse line 10 places of the countrie The one and twentith of Ianuarie a prentise of London was hanged on a gibet at the north end of Finch lane in London to the example of others for that he the thirteenth of December had striken his maister with a knife whereof he died About the later end of Ianuarie Leonard Dacres of Harleseie began to rebell and procured the people of the north parts to assist him so that he raised to the number of thrée thousand men Of
The castle of Douer deliuered to the quéene Polydor. Thurstan archbishop of Yorke made lieutenant of the north parts The Scots eftsoones inuade Northumberland Archbishop Thurstan raiseth a power to fight with the Scots Simon Dun. Capteines of the armie Rafe bish of Durham supplieth the roome of the archbishop Matth. Paris Sim. Dun. The Englishmen set vpon the Scots The Scots of Lodian disorder the Englishmen Simon Dun. Matth. Paris The Scots put to flight Henrie earle of Huntington his valiancie Polydor. Hen. Hunt The number Simon Dun. Matth. Paris Wil. Paru Polydor. Ran. Higd. Castels recouered by king Stephan N. Triuet Simon Dun. Matth. Paris Theobald archbishop of Canturburie Anno Reg. 5. 1140 Polydor. Matth. Paris K. Stephan inuadeth Scotland A peace concluded betwéene the two kings of England and Scotland Ludlow roun Roger bishop of Salisburie Alexander B. of Lincolne Wil. Malm. Castels built by the bishop of Salisburie Simon Dun. Newarke castel built by the bishop of Lincolne The B. of Elie banished The bishop of Salisburie dieth of thought Wil. Malm. In nouella historia Fortunes inconstancie Wil. Paru M. Pal. in sâ—â— scâ—r The bishop of Salisburie made lord Chancelour K. Stephan doubts whom to trust He coÌ„tracteth affinitie with the French king Wil. Malm. Polydor. Matt. Paris Alberike de Uéer pleadeth the kings cause The empresse landed here in England What power she brought with hir Wil. Malm. Polydor. Earle Robert commeth to Glocester Matt. Paris Brian the earle of Glocesters sonne Miles earle of Hereford Polydor. The empresse besieged in Arundell castel The king raiseth his siege The empresse goeth to Bristow K. Stephan besiegeth Wallingford Anno Reg. 6. 1141 Sim. Dunel R. Houe K. Stephan winneth Lincolne Ran. Higd. Simon Dun. Polydor. N. Triuet The ordering of the kings armie readie to giue battell Simon Dun. Matt. Paris The earles of Norfolke Hampton Mellent Waren The earle of Albemarle William de Ypres The ordering of the battels on the kings aduersaries part The oration of the earle of Chester Ran. Higd. The earle of Glocesters answer to the earle of Chesters oration The necessitie to fight valiantlie Alane duke of Britaine The earle of Mellent Earle Hugh The earle of Albemarle The earle of Albermarles wife Simon earle of Hampton Like maister like seruants Earle Baldwin his oration in the behalfe of king Stephan Thrée things to be foreséene by them that shall giue battell Erle Robert The earle of Chester Continuall good successe a prouocation of boldnesse Matth. Paris Hen. Hunt W. Paru Hen. Hunt Polydor. Simon Dun. Hen. Hunt Matth. Paris W. Paru Polydor. The king led to Bristow W. Paru The king of Scots taketh Northumberland into his possession Polydor. The empresse foloweth the victorie Shée coÌ„meth to London The quéene sueth to the empresse for the deliuerie of hir husband The Londoners conspire to take the empresse Shée fled in the night time out of the citie N. Triueâ— Geffrey de Mandeuile The bishop of LondoÌ„ taken Polydor. Castels fortified by the bishop of winchester William de Ypresse Ia. Meir Wil. Malm. In nouella historia N. Triueâ— Sim. Dun. Polydor. The empresse armie put to flight Wil. Malm. Robert earle of Glocester taken prisoner Matt. Paris Wil. Paruus N. Triuet Dauid king of Scots retired home Simon Dun. R. Houe Alberike de Uéer slaine Wil. Malm. Polydor. Geruasius Dorober The king and the earle of Glocester deliuered by exchange Anno Reg. 7. 1142 Geruasius Dorobernensis A parlement called A statute established in fauour of préests Paul Lang. in Chron citizen pag. 760. Matth. Paris Earle Robert passeth ouer into Normandie Normandie woone by the earle of Aniou Wil. Malm. Earle of Glocoster returneth Ger. Dor. Wil. Malm. The I le of Portland Circester The empresse besieged in Oxford N. Triuet Simon Dun. Wil. Paru Ran. Higd. Matth. Paris The empresse escapeth out of Oxford Polydor. Wil. Malm. Simon Dun. Matth. Paris Brian sonne to the earle of Glocester Aeneas Syluius Polydor. Simon Dun. N. Triuet Anno Reg. 8. 1143 The empresse hir sonne lord Henrie The king commeth to wilton Wil. Paru Sim Dun. M. Triuet Matt. Paris Miles earle of Hereford deceased Ger. Dor. The earle of Essex taken The earle of Arundell N. Triuet Wil. Paru Anno Reg. 9. 1144 Hen. Hunt Sim. Dunel Iohn Pike Matth. West N. Triuet Wil. Malm. Wil. Paru M. Pal. in suo scor Lincolne besieged The siege raised N. Triuet A child crucified by the Iewes Matth. Paris Simon Dun. Anno. Reg. 10. 1145 A castell built at Faringdon Hen. Hunt The king winneth it by force Anno Reg. 11. 1146 Ran. Higd. Matth. Paris N. Triuet Simon Dun. Ran. Higd. The Welshmen wafte Cheshire Ger. Dor. The earle of Glocester departeth this life Anno Reg. 12. 1147 Simon Dun. K. Stephan entreth into Lincolne with his crowne on his head Simon Dun. Ger. Dor. Geruasius Anno Reg. 13. 1148 The L. Henrie returneth into England Anno Reg. 14. 1149 He is made knight R. Houed K. Stephan with an armie commeth to Yorke Matth. Paris Great raine A sore frost Anno Reg. 15. 1150 Ger. Dor. The earle of Aniou father to Henry Fitz empresse departeth this life Worcester assaulted Anno Reg. 16. 1151 Ger. Dorobeâ— A synod at London The earle of Leicester brother to the erle of Mellent Anno Reg. 17. 1152 The duke of Normandie Fitzempresse marieth the duchesse of Aquitaine The French king maketh warre against the duke of Normandie The castell of Newmarch deliuered to the French king Ueulquesine or Ueuxin The castell of Uernon Simon Dun. The pope is against it The bishops are threatned Ger. Dor. The archbishop of Canturburie flieth out of the realme Matth. Paris Ger. Dor. The battell of Monadmore Matth. Paris The second also the first bishops of Man Hen. Marle The bishop of Dublin made archbishop The castell of Newberie won Duke Henrie Fitzempresse returneth into England Ger. Dor. He besiegeth the castell of Malmesbury Matth. Paris Polydor. K. Stephan constreineth him to raise his siege Wil. Parâ— Simon Dun. Ger. Dor. A sore storme The castell of Wallingford The castell of Cranemers Matth. Paris Ger. Dor. Eustace king Stephans sonne Eustace king Stephans son and Simon earle of NorthaÌ„pton depart this life both in one wéeke The earle of Chester deceasseth Matth. Paris Rob. Mont. Stamford was taken Simon Dun. Ger. Dor. Gipswich or Ipswich besieged N. Triuet Notingham Duke Henrie raiseth his siege from Notingham Polydor. The miserie of this land in time of the ciuill warre Hor. lib. car 1. ode 35. Idem lib. car 2. ode 1. The ladie Constance wife to Eustace sent home K. Stephan began to incline his mind to peace Matth. Paris Ger. Dor. An assemblie of lords at Winchester A peace concluded betwixt the king and the duke Some writers haue recorded that duke Henrie should presentlie by this agréement enioy halfe the realme of England Matth. Paris Castels to be razed in number 1115. William sonne to king Stephan Earle Warren The castels of Bellencumber
King Henrie sheweth himselfe to the Londoners The Londoners resolue to receiue king Edward The archbishop of Yorke The Tower recouered to king Edwards vse K. Edward entereth into London King Henrie is deliuered to him The earle of Warwike followeth the king Edw. Hall Gladmore heath The ordering of the kings armie K. Edward lodged before his enimies Artillerie A good policie Edw. Hall The order of the battell of both sides The valiancie of the earle of Oxford Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 727. The 〈◊〉 courage of the earle of Warwike The earle of Warwike 〈◊〉 The marquesse Montacute slaine 〈◊〉 Flem. 〈◊〉 Fl. ex I. S. 〈…〉 The number at Barnet field The duke of Summerset and the earle of Oxfoâ—d 〈◊〉 The duke of Excester 〈◊〉 Flem. Edw. Hall Quéene Margaret landeth with a power out of France The countesse of Warwike taketh sanctuarie The duke of Summerset and the earle of Deuonshire coÌ„fort quéene Margaret Edw. Hall The feare which quéene Margaret had for hir sonne K. Edward setteth forward against his enimies Sudburie hill Glocester 〈◊〉 it was not assaulted A long march The place where the lords â—â—camped The painfull march of king Edward with his armie Chiltenham The ordering of king Edwards battell The ordering of the lords hoast The duke of Glocester Teukesburie field The duke of Summerset Edw. Hall The politike foresight of the king The vaÌ„tgard of the lords distressed A terrible stroke Abr. Flem. Edw. Hall Prince Edward taken Nobles 〈◊〉 Sir Richard Crofts deliuereth the prince in hope that his life should haue béene saued Prince Edward murthered The duke of Summerset others beheaded Queéne Mâ—â—â—garet taken Rebellion in the north pacified The earle of Northumberland Thomas Neuill bastard 〈…〉 The bastard 〈◊〉 before Lâ—ndon with 〈◊〉 Succours sent to the citie of London The bastards purpose to spoile the suburbs of London Prop. lib. 4. The bastard altereth his purpose The bastard meaneth to enter the citie by force Algate and Bishops gate assaulted Houses burnt on the bridge The valiancie of Robert Basset alderman Rafe Iosselin The bastard incampeth on Blackeheath Edw. Hall king Henrie the sixt murthered in the Tower The nine and twentith of Maie Canonizing of kings 〈◊〉 Abr. Fl. ex I.S. pag. 730 731 c. The kings colledge in Cambridge The chappell The bodie of the church The quiere The roodloft The height of the chappell The east window The side chappels The vestrie The cloister The stéeple The base court The east pane The great gate The south pane The west pane The librarie The disputation house The wardrobe The hall The pantrie and butterie The colledge kitchin The prouosts lodging The bakhouse and brewhouse The wood-yard The water conduit The precinct of the colledgâ— The water gate Sandwich kept by the rebels The rebels 〈◊〉 for pardon The bastard of Fauconbridge beheaded Roger Uaughan taken and beheaded Dauid Thomas The earle of Penbroke with his nephue the earle of Richmond 〈◊〉 ouer into Britaine Execution Fabian The archbishop of Yorke The earle of Oxford Anno Reg. 12. Messengers sent to the duke of Britaine 1473 Anno Reg. 13. A parlement A subsidie A pardon Ambassadors from the duke of Burgognie Opportunitie not to be neglected The earle of S. Paule A shift to recouer monie Abr. Flem. ex Edw. Hall fol. Ccxxvj. Iohn 〈◊〉 14â—â— Anno Reg. â—â— The K. 〈◊〉 an armie passeth ouer 〈◊〉 France The siege of Nusse The lord Scales A defiance sent to the French king Abr. Fl. ex Edw. Hall fol. Ccxxvij The office of 〈◊〉 herald The duke of Burgognie commeth to king Edward The constable of France a déepe dissembler The duke oâ— Burgognie â—eparteth A messenger sent to the king of England Abr. Fl. ex Edw. Hall fol. Ccxxix câ—xxx Commissioners appointed to treat of peace Articles of agréement betwéene king Edward and the French king Want of monie procureth peace The duke of Glocester an 〈◊〉 to â—eace Aâ—r. Fl. ex Edw. Hall â—ol Ccxxxj. The duke of Burgognie commeth in hast to the king of England Aâ—r. Fl. ex Edw. Hall fol. Ccxxxj. He departeth 〈…〉 king in a rage The constable of France his offer to K. Edward Abr. Fl. ex Edw. Hall fol. Ccxxxij Ccxxxiij Shamefull â—â—anderous words against the K. of England Abr. Flem. ex Edw. Hall fol. Ccxxxiij The enterview betwixt king Edward the fourth the French king * Of timber like to the grate where the lions be kept in the Tower Abr. Fl. ex Edw Hall fol. Ccxxxiiij The manerlie English and vnmanerlie French French loue â— Edward returneth into England Edw. Hall fol. Ccxxxvj. Edw. Hall fol. Ccxxxvj. Sir Thomas MoÌ„tgomerie 1475 Anno Reg. 15. Henrie earle of Richmond Ambassadors into Britaine The earle of Richmond taketh sanctuarie Abr. Fl. ex Edw. Hall fol. Ccxxxvij Abr. Fl. ex I.S. pag. 752. 〈◊〉 Iohn â—rosbie his 〈◊〉 to the 〈◊〉 Litilton 1476 Anno Reg. 16. The death of the duke of Burgognie Abr. Fl. ex I.S. pag. 745. Agnes Daintie on the pillorie Part of LoÌ„don wall 〈◊〉 builded Iohn Rouse Bishops 〈◊〉 new builded Burdet for a word spoken beheaded Enguerant Register of the Greie friers Anno Reg. 17. George duke of Clarence drowned in a butt of malmesie Prophesies diuelish fantasies Edward erle of Warwike sonne heire to George duke of Clarence Margaret duchesse of Salisburie A great pestilence Auson 1478. Anno Reg. 18. Large offers made to the king of England by the French king 1479 Anno Reg. 19. Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 747 748. Pestilence Unaduised vnséemelie demeanor punished with a fine Coâ—dou a Cheape bâ—â—lded 1480 Anno Reg. â—â— The French king féedeth the king of England with faire words and promises Abr. Fl. ex I.S. pag. 748 749. Fiue théeues for sacrilege seuerelie exâ—cuted Plaâ—â— in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 temporam The king â—eaâ—teâ—h the maior and aldermen Fabian pag. â—12 Ambassadors â—oorth of Scotland Preparation for warre against Scotland 1482 Anno Reg. 22. An armie senâ— into Scotland Abr. Fl. ex I.S. pag. 749. Creplegate builded Records Anno reg 23. 1483 Berwike woone by the Englishmen The bishop elect of Murreie sent to the duke of Glocester The duke of Albanie restored home He is created great lieutenant of Scotland The castell of Berwike deliuered Abr. Fl. ex Edw. Hall fol. Ccâ—â—â—j Gartier king of armes is sent into Scotland Abr. Fl. ex Edw. Hall fol. Ccxlvij Abr. Fl. ex Edw. Hall 〈◊〉 Ccxlviij Ccxlix * She liued at such time as this storie was penned The loue of the people Description of Edward the fourth Sée before pag. 705. Richard duke of Yorke Edward George duke of Clarence * had not set The description of Richard the third The death of king Henrie the sixt Hastings lord chamberleine maligned of the queene hir kin The nature of ambition I counterfet and pretended reconcilement Lord Riuers The duke of Glocesters solicitations A consent to worke wiâ—kednesse The practises of the duke of Buckingham Glocester The lord Riuers put in
of the councell got him to his castell of Pomfret which he fortified and banded himselfe so with his fréends that it appeared he would defend his cause with force of armes rather than to come to his triall by order of law afore such a iudge and by reason hereof it was greatlie doubted least some ciuill warre would haue broken foorth But through the earnest labour of the kings another that notwithstanding 〈◊〉 indisposition of bodie to trauell by reason of his 〈◊〉 riding to and fro 〈…〉 made an agréement betwixt the king hir sonne and the duke to hir great comfort and 〈…〉 and no lesse suertie of quiâ—â—nesse to 〈…〉 About the same 〈◊〉 the French king had a great fléet of ships in Flanders so that it was doubted least he meant 〈…〉 England Wherevpon there sons sent to 〈…〉 the lord of S. Iohns and sir 〈…〉 with a strong nauie but they did no good suffering the 〈…〉 diuerse times to passe by 〈…〉 to set vpon them But the ships of Portesmouth Dertemouth bestirred themselues better for entering into the riuer of Saine they drowned foure of their enimies ships and tooke other foure with a barke of the lord Clissons one of the fairest that was to be found either in France or England In these vessels the Englishmen had a rich preie of wines and other merchandizes ¶ The king vpon some occasion tooke great displeasure against William Courtnie archbishop of Canturburie so storming against him as few durst speake anie thing in his excuse The lord chancellor Michaell de la Poole seeming to fauour line 10 his cause waslikelie to haue run in high displeasure Sir Thomas Triuet and sir Iohn Deuereux intreating for him were sore rebuked at his hands Yet at length after that the archbishop was withdrawne and had kept him close for a time he was thorough mediation of some fréends reconciled to the kings fauour About the same time the French king sent into Scotland the admerall of France with a thousand men of armes knights and esquiers besides crossebowes line 20 and other to ioine with the Scots and to make warres in England The Scots incouraged with this new aid sent to them out of France leuied a power so togither with the Frenchmen entered into the English confines and began to rob spoile and further tooke certeine castels and houses of defense The king of England aduertised hereof assembled an huge power of men of warre and first sent before him the duke of Lancaster with part of the line 30 armie and afterward followed himselfe with all conuenient spéed that might be At his comming into the parts about Yorke he was informed that the Scots and Frenchmen were withdrawne vpon the duke of Lancasters approch towards them but the king thought to kéepe on his iournie Whilest he was lodged in those parts a great mischance happened by reason of variance that fell betwixt certeine persons of the retinue of sir Iohn Holland brother vnto the earle of Kent and halfe brother to the king line 40 and other of the retinue of the lord Richard Stafford sonne to the earle of Stafford The cause of their falling out was about a knight of Boheme called sir Miles that was come to see the queene This knight kept companie most an end with the lord Richard Stafford and chancing to be at words with two of sir Iohn Hollands seruants there came two archers perteining to the lord Stafford which blamed them that were so about to misuse the stranger in words as they tooke it the strife hereby line 50 grew to that point in the end that one of the archers shot at one of sir Iohn Hollands seruants and slue him This mishap being reported to sir Iohn Holland set him in such a furie by reason of the loue which he had to his seruant that immediatlie he rushed foorth of his lodging to reuenge his death and through misfortune méeting with the lord Stafford slue him and doubting in what sort his déed might be taken fled streight vnto Beuerlie and there tooke sanctuarie The erle of Stafford tooke this misaduenture line 60 right heauilie as reason was yet bicause he would not trouble the host nor disappoint the iournie which they had in hand vpon the kings promise that he would doo vpright iustice in the matter as should be thought meet and conuenient he bare his gréefe so patientlie as he might so that he wan himselfe much praise for his wisedome therein shewed The king aduancing forwards with his armie came to the borders and entring into Scotland passed thorough Mers and Louthian wasting and spoiling all the townes houses and villages in his waie The abbeies of Melros Driburgh and Newbottell were burnt and those moonks and other people that were found in the same were slaine At his comming to Edenburgh he found all the people fled out of the towne but the houses and buildings he consumed with fire togither with the church of saint Giles At the humble sute of his vncle the duke of Lancaster Holie rood house was preserued from hurt for that the same duke in time of the rebellion of the commons here in England was lodged in that house and found much gentlenesse and freendship in the abbat and conuent so that he could doo no lesse than requite them with kindnesse at whose hands he found kindnesse for we are bound in conscience to tender them by whome we haue béene benefited vnlesse we will be counted vnciuill according to the old adage Arbor honoretur cuius nos vmbra tuetur Thus when the king had reuenged the displeasure afore receiued at the Scots and Frenchmens hands and remained in Edenburgh fiue daies he returned without proffer of battell or anie notable incounter The admerall of France was earnestlie in hand with the Scotish lords to persuade them to haue giuen battell to the English armie till he and diuers other knights of France were brought to the top of a mounteine from whence they might behold all the English armie as the same passed vnderneath them by a passage that laie by the foot of that mounteine for after that they had viewed the puissance of the Englishmen and as neere as they could numbered them they had no such eger minds to fight with them as before for they esteemed them to be six thousand men of armes and threescore thousand archers and other men of warre where the Scots and Frenchmen were not past a thousand speares and thirtie thousand of all other sorts and the most part of those but euill armed Therefore they determined vpon an other point which was to inuade England in an other quarter whilest the Englishmen burnt vp their countrie and so they set forward towards the west borders and passing ouer the mounteins that diuide Northumberland from Scotland they entered into Cumberland dooing much hurt in the lands that belonged to the lord Mowbraie to the earles of
Notingham and Stafford to the baron of Graistocke and to the Musgraues Lastlie they came to Carleill and boldlie assalted the citie but sir Lewes Clifford and sir Thomas Musgraue Dauie Holgraue and diuerse other worthie capteins being within it so defended the waues and gates that their enimies got small aduantage and finallie hearing that the English armie was returning homewards the Scots and Frenchmen drew backe into Scotland doubting to be inclosed by the Englishmen as they had béene in deed if the duke of Lancaster and his brethren vncles to the king might haue béene beleeued who counselled the king to pursue the enimies and stop the passages through which they must needs passe in their comming backe But the earle of Oxenford being most in fauour and credit with the king in those daies as one that ruled all things at his pleasure did aduise him to the contrarie by putting him in beléefe as was said that his vncles went about to bring him in danger to be lost and surprised of his enimies wherevpon he tooke the next way home and so brake vp his iournie When the Scots and Frenchmen were returned into Scotland the Scotish king hauing conceiued a iust displeasure towards the French admerall for that by his meanes the realme of Scotland had susteined such damage in that season caused him and his Frenchmen to be despoiled of the most part of their goods and sent them so awaie out of his countrie that the Scots might receiue some comfort by those warres In this yeare was the battell of Algeberota in Portingale where king Iohn of Portingale discomfited a great host of Spaniards and Frenchmen by the helpe and policie of certeine Englishmen which he had there with him vnder the leading of two esquiers Norberie and Hartell There were slaine diuers earls great lords of Spaniards but for that our writers do not rightlie note the Spanish names but write them corruptlie as strangers vse to doo we here omit them The king of Portingale after this victorie obteined against his enimies sent six gallies vnto the king of England to aid line 10 him against his aduersaries the which were well receiued and highlie made of by the Londoners and other so that the Portingales had no cause to repent of their comming hither The French king this yeare besieged and wan the towne of Dam after he had béene at great charges about it Whilest his nauie returned from Scluis where the same had laien at anchor a long time the ships by tempest were scattered wether-driuen so that in the feast daie of the exaltation of the crosse line 20 two of their gallies a great ship a barge and seauen balengers were cast on shore about Calis the Calisians tooke fiue hundred Frenchmen and Normans that escaped to land An other day 72 French ships as they were comming from Scluis to passe by Calis were met with by them of Calis who behaued themselues so manfullie that they tooke 18 of those French ships and a great barke in which thrée score armed men were slaine before it could be taken Within three daies after this the Calisians met 45 line 30 other French ships and after six houres fight obteined the victorie taking thrée of the most principall vessels whereof one being a hulke of Eastland was hired by the Normans to gard the residue The other two that were taken were of such mold that they could not enter into the hauen at Calis and therefore were sent to Sandwich the one of them being a new ship which the lord Clisson had bought at Scluis paieng for hir 3000 franks ¶ Henrie Knighton saith it was prised or valued at 20000 florens it line 40 was so tall big and large a vessell and therefore of great capacitie On saint Denise daie the soldiors of Calis and other English fortresses thereabouts made a secret iournie into France and got a bootie of foure thousand shéepe and three hundred head of great cattell which they droue towards their holds and as the lord de Rambures gouernour of Bullongne would haue recouered the preie he was vnhorssed with the rencounter of an English speare and being relieued by line 50 his companie and mounted againe withdrew himselfe not attempting to trie any further masteries and so the Englishmen safelie passed foorth with their bootie of cattell and aboue a hundred good prisoners which they had taken at this rode In this 9 yeare about the feast of S. Martine the king called his high court of parlement at Westminster in the which amongst other things there concluded he created two dukes a marques and fiue earles First Edmund Langlie earle of Cambridge the kings vncle was line 60 created duke of Yorke Thomas of Woodstoke his other vncle earle of Buckingham was created duke of Glocester Robert Uéere earle of Oxford was made marques of Deuelin Henrie of Bollingbrooke sonne and heire to Iohn of Gaunt duke of Lancaster was created earle of Derbie Edward Plantagenet sonne and heire to the Duke of Yorke was made earle of Rutland Michaell lord de la Poole chancellor of England was created earle of Suffolke sir Thomas Moubraie earle of Notingham was made earle marshall Also by authoritie of this parlement Roger lord Mortimer earle of March sonne and heire of Edmund Mortimer earle of March and of the ladie Philip eldest daughter and heire vnto Lionell duke of Clarence third sonne to king Edward the third was established heire apparant to the crowne of this realme and shortlie after so proclaimed The which earle of March anon after the end of the same parlement sailed into Ireland to his lordship of Ulster whereof he was owner by right of his said mother but whilest he remained there to pacifie the rebellions of the wild Irish a great number of them togither assembled came vpon him and slue him togither with the most part of his companie This Roger earle of March had issue Edmund Roger Anne Ales Eleanor which Eleanor was made a nunne The two sonnes died without issue and Anne the eldest of the daughters was married to Richard earle of Cambridge sonne vnto Edmund of Langlie before remembred the which Richard had issue by the said Anne a son called Richard that was after duke of Yorke and father to king Edward the fourth also a daughter named Isabell afterwards married to the lord Bourcher This Richard earle of Cambridge was put to death by Henrie the fift as after ye shall heare Moreouer in this yeare Henrie of Bollingbrooke earle of Derbie married the daughter and heire of Humfrie Bohun earle of Hereford in whose right he was after made duke of Hereford and by hir he had issue Henrie that after him was king of this relme the ladie Blanch duches of Bar and the ladie Philip married to the king of Denmarke also Thomas duke of Clarence Iohn duke of Bedford and Humfrie duke of Glocester ¶