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a_o chief_a member_n a_o alderman_n into_o a_o corporation_n so_o that_o we_o be_v much_o resemble_v that_o case_n in_o that_o respect_n 2._o another_o thing_n wherein_o the_o indictment_n be_v faulty_a be_v this_o viz._n in_o the_o manner_n of_o introduce_v the_o mention_n of_o these_o letter_n patent_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n upon_o which_o the_o indictment_n be_v ground_v and_o upon_o the_o construction_n of_o which_o the_o case_n depend_v the_o indictment_n do_v not_o say_v positive_o and_o direct_o that_o queen_n elizabeth_n make_v or_o grant_v any_o letter_n patent_n to_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n of_o bristol_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v twelve_o alderman_n and_o for_o the_o appoint_v how_o they_o shall_v be_v choose_v upon_o which_o our_o case_n arise_v nor_o do_v it_o so_o much_o as_o say_v continetur_fw-la which_o will_v not_o have_v be_v enough_o neither_o but_o it_o introduce_v the_o mention_n of_o those_o letter_n patent_n not_o otherwise_o than_o by_o these_o word_n viz._n secundum_fw-la privilegia_fw-la concessa_fw-la per_fw-la literas_fw-la patentes_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v twelve_o alderman_n et_fw-la secundum_fw-la eadem_fw-la privilegia_fw-la sic_fw-la ut_fw-la praefertur_fw-la concessa_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la tempus_fw-la praedictum_fw-la after_o the_o death_n of_o a_o alderman_n the_o mayor_n and_o the_o survive_a alderman_n &_o eorum_fw-la major_n pars_fw-la ad_fw-la summonitionem_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la majoris_fw-la convocati_fw-la eligerunt_fw-la &_o eligere_fw-la consueverunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o this_o be_v no_o positive_a and_o direct_a show_v that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v any_o alderman_n nor_o how_o they_o shall_v be_v choose_v but_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o opinion_n and_o conceit_n of_o the_o jury_n that_o find_v the_o indictment_n upon_o their_o perusal_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n which_o be_v produce_v in_o evidence_n to_o they_o the_o jury_n take_v it_o by_o way_n of_o collection_n out_o of_o a_o record_n of_o which_o they_o be_v no_o proper_a judge_n and_o this_o be_v in_o a_o indictment_n which_o be_v the_o king_n declaration_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v very_o exact_a and_o certain_a and_o which_o be_v in_o a_o criminal_a proceed_n to_o which_o the_o party_n must_v plead_v and_o if_o convict_v be_v liable_a to_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n the_o law_n be_v more_o curious_a in_o this_o than_o where_o party_n do_v agree_v civiliter_fw-la that_o all_o criminal_a proceed_n must_v be_v very_o exact_a and_o certain_a be_v prove_v by_o this_o viz._n none_o of_o the_o statute_n of_o jeofail_n will_v ever_o help_v they_o but_o by_o express_a word_n except_v and_o exclude_v they_o from_o the_o benefit_n of_o they_o it_o be_v say_v in_o long_a be_v case_n 5_o co._n 120_o 121._o that_o if_o in_o declaration_n between_o party_n and_o party_n for_o land_n or_o good_n there_o must_v be_v great_a certainty_n express_v a_o fortiore_fw-la say_v that_o case_n must_v 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peruse_v it_o the_o indictment_n proceed_v on_o and_o say_v that_o continual_o after_o that_o time_n which_o must_v refer_v to_o the_o date_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n the_o recorder_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o alderman_n be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v de_fw-fr privato_fw-la concilio_n i_o have_v be_v recorder_n there_o above_o these_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n and_o never_o know_v myself_o to_o be_v a_o privy_a councillor_n till_o now_o but_o the_o indictment_n unhappy_o say_v de_fw-la privato_fw-la concilio_n majoris_fw-la there_o the_o word_n majoris_fw-la as_o big_a as_o it_o be_v be_v but_o terminus_n diminuens_fw-la it_o make_v we_o but_o privy_a councillor_n to_o the_o mayor_n but_o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n too_o for_o the_o recorder_n and_o alderman_n be_v not_o a_o privy_a council_n to_o the_o mayor_n but_o the_o mayor_n and_o they_o be_v a_o council_n to_o the_o city_n the_o like_a to_o this_o too_o appear_v in_o the_o print_a margin_n of_o 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he_o be_v name_v out_o of_o conformity_n too_o he_o many_o time_n be_v none_o of_o the_o alderman_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v include_v in_o the_o name_n of_o alderman_n but_o must_v therefore_o be_v name_v by_o himself_o and_o beside_o i_o agree_v it_o be_v due_a to_o he_o out_o of_o reverence_n they_o usual_o say_v he_o represent_v the_o king_n but_o that_o be_v but_o a_o notion_n and_o a_o compliment_n to_o he_o he_o have_v no_o more_o power_n than_o a_o alderman_n who_o be_v a_o justice_n and_o a_o judge_n of_o the_o goal-delivery_n as_o well_o as_o the_o mayor_n if_o the_o charter_n have_v intend_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o choose_n of_o a_o alderman_n but_o by_o the_o summons_n of_o the_o mayor_n and_o in_o his_o presence_n it_o will_v sure_o have_v make_v he_o of_o the_o quorum_fw-la in_o that_o clause_n that_o provide_v for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o alderman_n but_o that_o it_o do_v not_o the_o only_a quorum_fw-la be_v not_o of_o the_o sort_n of_o person_n but_o 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to_o elect_v a_o alderman_n be_v give_v to_o the_o mayor_n and_o alderman_n or_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o and_o so_o the_o mayor_n by_o himself_o be_v particular_o and_o express_o name_v by_o the_o name_n of_o his_o office_n and_o therefore_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la without_o any_o other_o express_v make_v of_o a_o quorum_fw-la resp_n this_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v to_o viz._n upon_o what_o account_n he_o be_v so_o name_v and_o it_o can_v not_o be_v otherwise_o but_o that_o this_o do_v not_o so_o make_v he_o of_o the_o quorum_fw-la in_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o this_o that_o those_o other_o clause_n where_o there_o be_v express_a quorum_n of_o person_n though_o the_o mayor_n be_v there_o likewise_o mention_v in_o the_o begin_n
of_o the_o clause_n yet_o he_o be_v repeat_v over_o again_o when_o they_o come_v to_o make_v he_o of_o the_o quorum_fw-la this_o show_v the_o name_v he_o before_o by_o his_o office_n do_v not_o do_v it_o if_o it_o do_v the_o name_n of_o he_o again_o in_o the_o quorum_fw-la will_v be_v a_o tautology_n and_o a_o vain_a repetition_n but_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v say_v it_o belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o a_o mayor_n at_o the_o common_a law_n to_o summon_v the_o corporation_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o alderman_n when_o he_o see_v there_o be_v occasion_n and_o he_o must_v as_o mayor_n be_v present_a among_o they_o or_o nothing_o can_v be_v do_v let_v we_o examine_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o those_o that_o advise_v the_o indictment_n be_v not_o of_o this_o opinion_n and_o i_o hear_v it_o be_v say_v at_o the_o trial_n that_o it_o be_v draw_v with_o good_a advice_n for_o the_o indictment_n itself_o challenge_v this_o right_a to_o the_o mayor_n upon_o another_o ground_n it_o will_v 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a_o alderman_n without_o his_o summons_n and_o presence_n and_o if_o he_o be_v wilful_a as_o the_o mayor_n in_o our_o case_n be_v he_o be_v not_o only_o major_a maximus_n but_o dominus_fw-la fac_fw-la totum_fw-la as_o the_o vulgar_a say_v be_v or_o dominus_fw-la faciens_fw-la totum_fw-la the_o twelve_o alderman_n without_o he_o will_v be_v but_o so_o many_o cipher_n the_o mayor_n will_v be_v the_o great_a figure_n and_o the_o alderman_n will_v signify_v only_o in_o conjunction_n with_o he_o we_o may_v then_o say_v of_o every_o alderman_n as_o the_o one_o grecian_a captain_n say_v of_o the_o other_o of_o ulysses_n nihil_fw-la est_fw-la diomedes_n remoto_fw-la mr._n mayor_n will_v be_v that_o which_o the_o logician_n call_v causa_fw-la sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la quae_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la nihil_fw-la facit_fw-la sed_fw-la tantum_fw-la esse_fw-la aliquid_fw-la sine_fw-la qua_fw-la reliquae_fw-la causae_fw-la non_fw-la faciunt_fw-la so_o much_o for_o his_o name_n and_o title_n then_o for_o the_o office_n itself_o that_o do_v not_o require_v his_o summons_n nor_o presence_n in_o all_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o alderman_n for_o the_o business_n of_o the_o corporation_n it_o be_v not_o incident_a nor_o essential_a to_o his_o office_n of_o mayor_n by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o common_a law_n look_v upon_o he_o as_o the_o head_n or_o chief_a of_o a_o corporation_n but_o he_o be_v no_o officer_n of_o the_o common_a law_n to_o who_o the_o common-law_n limit_n or_o prescribe_v any_o duty_n as_o it_o do_v to_o a_o judge_n a_o sheriff_n a_o conservator_n of_o the_o peace_n a_o coroner_n or_o a_o constable_n these_o be_v all_o officer_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o the_o common-law_n instruct_v they_o in_o their_o power_n and_o duty_n but_o the_o mayor_n be_v the_o head_n of_o a_o corporation_n and_o a_o corporation_n have_v its_o essence_n by_o charter_n or_o prescription_n which_o presuppose_v a_o charter_n he_o have_v no_o power_n but_o what_o the_o charter_n express_o give_v he_o the_o common_a law_n take_v no_o far_a notice_n of_o he_o let_v we_o examine_v the_o ground_n and_o nature_n of_o a_o corporation_n and_o there_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o true_a nature_n and_o office_n of_o a_o mayor_n or_o any_o other_o head_n for_o it_o be_v all_o one_o the_o true_a ground_n and_o original_a of_o corporation_n in_o city_n and_o great_a town_n be_v this_o those_o be_v general_o the_o staple_n of_o trade_n and_o merchandise_n and_o trade_n as_o be_v say_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 8_o co._n 125._o a._n can_v be_v maintain_v without_o order_n and_o government_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n for_o the_o public_a good_a may_v exect_v gildam_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la a_o fraternity_n or_o society_n or_o incorporation_n of_o merchant_n to_o the_o end_n that_o good_a order_n and_o rule_n shall_v be_v by_o they_o observe_v for_o the_o increase_n and_o advancement_n of_o trade_n and_o merchandize_v suppose_v the_o king_n shall_v by_o his_o charter_n encorporate_v a_o town_n by_o the_o name_n of_o mayor_n and_o twelve_o alderman_n and_o shall_v not_o set_v out_o their_o duty_n and_o office_n what_o power_n will_v the_o law_n give_v they_o in_o that_o case_n they_o will_v have_v no_o power_n as_o conservator_n of_o the_o peace_n or_o as_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n they_o can_v neither_o fine_a or_o imprison_v if_o they_o shall_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o meddle_v in_o these_o matter_n without_o express_a power_n give_v they_o by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n it_o will_v be_v suitor_n ultra_fw-la crepidam_fw-la therefore_o charter_n usual_o add_v these_o power_n by_o express_a clause_n to_o those_o purpose_n and_o make_v the_o mayor_n a_o justice_n of_o peace_n or_o a_o judge_n of_o goal-delivery_n but_o then_o he_o act_v in_o those_o power_n not_o quatenus_fw-la major_a nor_o eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la but_o because_o of_o the_o express_a power_n give_v he_o as_o it_o may_v have_v do_v to_o any_o other_o man._n the_o unite_n the_o power_n in_o one_o person_n do_v not_o confound_v the_o several_a and_o different_a capacity_n of_o that_o person_n that_o the_o charter_n give_v the_o only_a rule_n in_o these_o case_n and_o that_o a_o corporation_n be_v a_o mere_a creature_n of_o the_o charter_n that_o do_v constitute_v it_o and_o give_v it_o its_o be_v and_o therefore_o the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o its_o work_n appear_v by_o this_o suppose_v that_o neither_o this_o nor_o any_o other_o charter_n have_v give_v to_o this_o corporation_n of_o bristol_n any_o power_n to_o choose_v a_o new_a mayor_n or_o new_a alderman_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o old_a they_o can_v then_o have_v make_v no_o new_a election_n but_o when_o the_o mayor_n and_o alderman_n have_v die_v the_o corporation_n have_v be_v dissolve_v the_o charter_n that_o give_v they_o their_o be_v must_v provide_v for_o their_o continuance_n and_o succession_n thus_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o corporation_n of_o dungannon_n in_o ireland_n in_o those_o report_n that_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n coke_n be_v 12_o rep._n 120_o 121._o so_o that_o the_o charter_n must_v provide_v for_o a_o election_n in_o order_n to_o a_o succession_n or_o otherwise_o the_o law_n will_v not_o help_v they_o and_o though_o the_o mayor_n be_v the_o more_o eminent_a and_o excellent_a and_o aught_o to_o have_v great_a respect_n and_o reverence_n yet_o the_o subject_a matter_n that_o we_o be_v upon_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o viz._n the_o election_n of_o a_o alderman_n it_o be_v not_o a_o matter_n of_o interest_n or_o of_o privilege_n or_o of_o power_n for_o then_o the_o mayor_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v in_o it_o but_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o duty_n and_o labour_n and_o trust_v and_o trouble_v it_o be_v officium_fw-la not_o dominium_fw-la to_o choose_v a_o alderman_n it_o be_v rather_o a_o burden_n than_o a_o power_n or_o authority_n as_o be_v say_v in_o the_o mayor_n of_o oxford_n be_v case_n in_o latch_n rep._n 231._o but_o than_o it_o will_v be_v ask_v that_o if_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o charter_n and_o not_o upon_o the_o common_a law_n who_o shall_v appoint_v the_o time_n of_o election_n if_o the_o charter_n be_v silent_a in_o it_o as_o here_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v this_o will_v be_v a_o great_a defect_n and_o so_o there_o will_v be_v no_o meeting_n nor_o no_o election_n and_o so_o the_o corporation_n will_v expire_v to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o charter_n do_v provide_v for_o it_o for_o those_o who_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o election_n it_o be_v their_o duty_n to_o agree_v to_o meet_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o to_o appoint_v the_o time_n or_o else_o they_o do_v not_o discharge_v their_o duty_n they_o break_v their_o oath_n and_o be_v punishable_a for_o their_o omission_n and_o
election_n and_o this_o indictment_n be_v find_v before_o mr._n mayor_n our_o fellow_n justice_n and_o four_o more_o at_o the_o most_o so_o that_o five_o who_o be_v the_o lesser_a number_n exercise_v their_o authority_n over_o those_o that_o be_v six_o in_o number_n when_o they_o act_v which_o fix_v be_v as_o much_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n as_o they_o five_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o we_o be_v six_o of_o we_o and_o all_o unanimous_a in_o our_o election_n yet_o they_o have_v politic_o indict_v but_o four_o of_o we_o and_o leave_v two_o out_o because_o it_o will_v have_v be_v too_o gross_a and_o palpable_a if_o six_o justice_n of_o peace_n shall_v have_v be_v indict_v before_o a_o lesser_a number_n of_o their_o brother_n justice_n but_o have_v they_o indict_v all_o six_o it_o will_v then_o plain_o have_v appear_v too_o that_o the_o choice_n have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o great_a part_n which_o they_o wise_o think_v to_o conceal_v but_o yet_o it_o do_v appear_v in_o their_o very_a indictment_n though_o dark_o couch_v in_o it_o for_o it_o say_v that_o we_o four_o be_v recorder_n and_o alderman_n cum_fw-la aliis_fw-la aldermannis_fw-la do_v choose_v the_o alderman_n that_o word_n aldermannis_n be_v in_o the_o plural_a number_n must_v be_v two_o more_o at_o least_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v adjudge_v that_o we_o can_v choose_v a_o alderman_n but_o by_o the_o mayor_n summons_n and_o in_o his_o presence_n these_o mischief_n will_v follow_v that_o he_o will_v whole_o govern_v and_o dispose_v of_o election_n at_o his_o single_a will_n and_o pleasure_n for_o he_o that_o can_v order_v the_o time_n as_o he_o please_v and_o forbear_v to_o summon_v the_o elector_n till_o he_o see_v his_o own_o opportunity_n and_o advantage_n though_o often_o desire_v to_o go_v on_o upon_o it_o and_o refuse_v to_o do_v it_o time_n after_o time_n till_o such_o as_o will_v not_o comply_v with_o he_o be_v out_o of_o the_o way_n as_o the_o recorder_n be_v very_o seldom_o there_o and_o tarry_v but_o a_o night_n or_o two_o and_o then_o be_v in_o a_o hurry_n of_o business_n and_o most_o of_o the_o alderman_n be_v often_o at_o their_o country_n house_n the_o mayor_n will_v cast_v the_o choice_n upon_o who_o he_o think_v fit_a as_o in_o this_o case_n he_o have_v do_v this_o mayor_n and_o four_o alderman_n have_v reject_v the_o choice_n make_v by_o six_o and_o of_o the_o person_n that_o be_v next_o in_o course_n and_o every_o way_n qualify_v and_o yet_o the_o charter_n think_v not_o fit_a to_o trust_v any_o few_o than_o the_o mayor_n and_o the_o whole_a bench_n of_o alderman_n in_o a_o matter_n of_o this_o importance_n to_o the_o city_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o in_o case_n the_o mayor_n unreasonable_o defer_v it_o we_o may_v complain_v to_o this_o court_n viz._n the_o king's-bench_n and_o have_v a_o mandamus_fw-la or_o apply_v ourselves_o to_o the_o king_n and_o council_n to_o compel_v he_o to_o proceed_v to_o a_o election_n who_o will_v be_v at_o so_o great_a a_o charge_n and_o trouble_v and_o that_o course_n be_v not_o so_o speedy_a it_o may_v chance_v to_o be_v in_o a_o vacation_n but_o let_v it_o be_v as_o speedy_a as_o can_v be_v the_o mayor_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v obtain_v his_o end_n and_o gain_v his_o opportunity_n and_o do_v his_o work_n as_o the_o mayor_n in_o our_o case_n do_v where_o the_o mayor_n and_o four_o more_o but_o five_o in_o all_o be_v minor_a pars_fw-la have_v control_v the_o choice_n make_v by_o the_o major_n pars_fw-la if_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v that_o if_o the_o major_a pars_fw-la be_v present_a and_o join_v in_o vote_v to_o a_o election_n though_o they_o divide_v in_o the_o person_n yet_o the_o major_n pars_fw-la so_o meet_v shall_v make_v a_o good_a election_n and_o in_o law_n it_o shall_v be_v the_o choice_n of_o all_o present_a that_o i_o must_v deny_v for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n be_v that_o the_o major_n pars_fw-la superviventium_fw-la shall_v make_v the_o choice_n that_o be_v as_o i_o understand_v it_o agree_v in_o their_o vote_n or_o voice_n in_o the_o party_n choose_v and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o choice_n that_o we_o six_o make_v this_o agree_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n in_o election_n and_o lease_n to_o be_v make_v by_o corporation_n dyer_n 247._o plac_n 74._o and_o sir_n john_n davies_n rep._n 47._o and_o this_o agree_v with_o the_o statute_n of_o 33_o h._n 8._o cap._n 27._o but_o if_o this_o shall_v not_o be_v law_n as_o i_o take_v it_o be_v yet_o the_o subsequent_a election_n of_o a_o alderman_n make_v by_o the_o mayor_n and_o four_o alderman_n more_o can_v be_v good_a for_o though_o the_o mayor_n and_o seven_o alderman_n be_v present_a at_o it_o yet_o three_o of_o they_o do_v not_o join_v in_o go_v then_o to_o a_o election_n for_o they_o have_v join_v with_o we_o before_o in_o our_o choice_n and_o therefore_o oppose_v any_o after_o election_n to_o be_v make_v but_o they_o have_v get_v a_o conceit_n among_o they_o at_o bristol_n that_o 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election_n be_v free_a and_o it_o forbid_v under_o a_o grievous_a penalty_n those_o be_v the_o word_n that_o nul_fw-fr haut_fw-fr home_n no_o great_a man_n such_o as_o every_o mayor_n be_v in_o his_o sphere_n shall_v disturb_v to_o make_v free_a election_n sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o 2_o inst_z f._n 169._o in_o his_o exposition_n of_o that_o statute_n say_v it_o extend_v to_o all_o sort_n of_o election_n and_o agreé_v with_o the_o maxim_n of_o the_o common_a law_n now_o if_o the_o mayor_n shall_v at_o three_o several_a time_n refuse_v the_o advice_n and_o desire_n of_o the_o alderman_n and_o know_v that_o they_o can_v make_v no_o choice_n without_o he_o refuse_v to_o join_v with_o they_o till_o he_o
sir_n edward_n herbert_n who_o be_v remove_v into_o the_o common_a plea_n and_o make_v chief_a justice_n there_o and_o sir_n francis_n wythens_n have_v his_o quietus_n the_o night_n before_o the_o same_o 21_o day_n of_o april_n after_o this_o removal_n the_o soldier_n be_v bring_v again_o to_o the_o bar_n and_o upon_o the_o motion_n of_o mr._n attorny_n be_v order_v by_o the_o new_a chief_a justice_n to_o be_v execute_v at_o plymouth_n which_o be_v do_v according_o wright_n chief_a justice_n holloway_n justice_n powel_n justice_n allibon_n justice_n monday_n may_v second_o nota._n a_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v bring_v upon_o a_o judgement_n give_v in_o this_o court_n returnable_a in_o parliament_n which_o be_v prorogue_v from_o the_o 28_o day_n of_o april_n to_o the_o 22d_o day_n of_o november_n follow_v sir_n george_n treby_n move_v that_o it_o may_v be_v discharge_v for_o it_o can_v not_o be_v a_o supersedeas_fw-la to_o this_o execution_n because_o there_o be_v a_o whole_a term_n which_o intervene_v between_o the_o testae_fw-la and_o return_v of_o the_o writ_n of_o error_n viz._n trinity-term_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o proclamation_n be_v no_o record_n it_o only_o show_v the_o present_a intention_n of_o the_o king_n which_o he_o may_v recall_v at_o any_o time_n but_o the_o court_n make_v no_o rule_n de_fw-fr term._n sanct._n trin._n anno_fw-la 2_o jac._n ii_o in_o banco_n regis_fw-la 1686._o wright_n chief_a justice_n holloway_n justice_n powel_n justice_n allibon_n justice_n sawyer_n attorney_n general_n powis_n solicitor_n general_n the_o company_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n versus_fw-la rebow_n in_o a_o special_a action_n on_o the_o case_n men._n whether_o the_o king_n have_v a_o prerogative_n to_o restrain_v trade_n to_o a_o particular_a number_n of_o men._n the_o plaintiff_n declare_v that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o h._n 4._o there_o be_v a_o society_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n in_o england_n and_o that_o afterward_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v by_o her_o letter_n patent_n incorporate_v they_o by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o company_n of_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n etc._n etc._n and_o give_v they_o privilege_n to_o trade_n into_o holland_n zealand_n flanders_n brabant_n the_o country_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburgh_n and_o hamburgh_n prohibit_v all_o other_o not_o free_a of_o that_o company_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o they_o do_v trade_n into_o those_o part_n and_o have_v thereby_o great_a privilege_n and_o advantage_n that_o the_o defendant_n not_o be_v free_a of_o the_o say_a company_n do_v trade_n into_o those_o part_n without_o their_o authority_n and_o import_v good_n from_o thence_o into_o this_o kingdom_n ad_fw-la damnum_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o defendant_n plead_v as_o to_o hamburgh_n not-guilty_a 3._o 15_o e._n 3._o c._n 3._o and_o as_o to_o the_o other_o place_n he_o plead_v the_o statute_n of_o ed._n 3._o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v open_a to_o all_o merchant_n to_o pass_v with_o their_o merchandise_n whither_o they_o please_v the_o plaintiff_n demur_v and_o the_o defendant_n join_v in_o demurrer_n this_o case_n be_v now_o argue_v by_o council_n on_o both_o side_n the_o council_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o their_o argument_n make_v these_o point_n 1._o what_o power_n the_o king_n have_v by_o his_o prerogative_n to_o restrain_v his_o subject_n from_o trade_v to_o particular_a place_n 2._o admit_v he_o have_v such_o a_o prerogative_n whether_o a_o action_n on_o the_o case_n will_v lie_v as_o to_o the_o first_o point_v it_o be_v say_v 57_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o 2_o inst_z 57_o that_o all_o trade_n must_v be_v under_o some_o regulation_n and_o that_o the_o subject_n have_v not_o a_o absolute_a power_n to_o trade_n without_o the_o leave_n of_o the_o king_n for_o it_o be_v say_v in_o our_o book_n omnes_fw-la mercatores_fw-la nisi_fw-la publicae_fw-la prohibiti_fw-la fuerint_fw-la habeant_fw-la salvum_fw-la &_o securum_fw-la conductum_fw-la which_o be_v mean_v of_o merchant_n stranger_n in_o amity_n with_o we_o and_o nisi_fw-la publicae_fw-la prohibiti_fw-la must_v be_v by_o the_o king_n now_o if_o merchant_n stranger_n may_v be_v prohibit_v from_o come_v into_o england_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o king_n subject_n may_v be_v restrain_v to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n the_o writ_n of_o ne_fw-la exeat_fw-la regnum_fw-la be_v frame_v 179._o f._n n._n b._n 85._o 3_o inst_z 179._o which_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o common_a law_n and_o not_o give_v by_o any_o particular_a statute_n the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o and_o such_o like_a case_n be_v so_o much_o favour_v by_o law_n 172._o 1_o leon._n 9_o more_n 172._o that_o he_o may_v by_o his_o privy_a seal_n command_v any_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o return_v out_o of_o a_o foreign_a nation_n or_o seize_v their_o land_n the_o first_o statute_n which_o regulate_v trade_n be_v 1._o 27_o e._n 3._o cap._n 1._o that_o which_o confine_v the_o staple_n to_o certain_a place_n that_o person_n may_v not_o go_v about_o in_o company_n to_o trade_n without_o the_o king_n licence_n and_o from_o thence_o come_v market_n and_o if_o such_o be_v keep_v without_o the_o king_n be_v grant_v a_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la will_v lie_v against_o they_o who_o continue_v it_o and_o the_o people_n who_o frequent_v those_o market_n be_v punishable_a by_o fine_a the_o law_n be_v plain_a 140._o f._n n._n b._n 125._o 2_o roll._n abr._n 140._o that_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a judge_n of_o the_o place_n where_o market_n shall_v be_v keep_v for_o if_o he_o grant_v one_o to_o be_v keep_v in_o such_o a_o place_n which_o may_v not_o be_v convenient_a for_o the_o country_n yet_o the_o subject_n can_v go_v to_o no_o other_o and_o if_o they_o do_v the_o owner_n of_o the_o soil_n where_o they_o meet_v be_v liable_a to_o a_o action_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o grantee_n of_o the_o market_n a_o custom_n to_o restrain_v a_o man_n from_o the_o exercise_v of_o his_o trade_n in_o a_o particular_a place_n have_v be_v adjudge_v good_a 127._o sir_n g._n farmer_n be_v case_n cire_v in_o 8_o co._n 127._o as_o to_o have_v a_o bakehouse_n in_o such_o a_o manor_n and_o that_o no_o other_o shall_v use_v that_o trade_n there_o and_o as_o a_o man_n may_v be_v restrain_v by_o custom_n so_o he_o may_v restrain_v himself_o from_o use_v of_o a_o trade_n in_o a_o certain_a place_n joliffe_n 2_o cro._n brown_n versus_fw-la joliffe_n as_o if_o he_o promise_v upon_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n not_o to_o use_v the_o trade_n of_o a_o mercer_n in_o such_o a_o place_n and_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a that_o trade_n shall_v in_o some_o measure_n be_v restrain_v so_o as_o to_o be_v manage_v only_o by_o freeman_n because_o it_o be_v of_o more_o advantage_n to_o the_o king_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v carry_v on_o by_o a_o company_n especial_o in_o london_n who_o may_v manage_v it_o with_o order_n and_o government_n that_o be_v by_o some_o power_n to_o restrain_v particular_a person_n from_o that_o liberty_n which_o otherwise_o they_o will_v use_v and_o therefore_o such_o company_n have_v always_o power_n to_o make_v by_o law_n to_o regulate_v trade_n which_o be_v the_o chief_n end_n of_o their_o incorporation_n and_o if_o such_o corporation_n have_v power_n to_o judge_v and_o determine_v who_o be_v fit_a person_n to_o exercise_v trade_n within_o their_o jurisdiction_n the_o king_n have_v certain_o a_o great_a prerogative_n to_o determine_v which_o of_o his_o subject_n be_v fit_a to_o trade_n to_o particular_a place_n exclusive_a from_o the_o rest_n that_o the_o governor_n of_o corporation_n have_v take_v upon_o they_o such_o authority_n appear_v in_o townsend_n case_n 107._o sid._n 107._o who_o serve_v a_o apprenticeship_n to_o a_o tailor_n in_o oxford_n and_o be_v refuse_v by_o the_o mayor_n to_o be_v make_v a_o freeman_n of_o that_o city_n which_o show_v that_o if_o a_o person_n be_v not_o qualify_v he_o may_v be_v exclude_v this_o be_v a_o very_a ancient_a company_n for_o cloth_n be_v first_o bring_v into_o this_o realm_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o ed._n 3._o and_o be_v always_o under_o some_o government_n my_o lord_n roll_v quote_v the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o h._n 39_o 1_o h._n 5._o no._n 41._o 2_o abr._n roll._n 174._o placit_fw-la 39_o 5._o wherein_o the_o commons_o pray_v that_o all_o merchant_n may_v import_v or_o export_v their_o good_n to_o any_o place_n except_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o staple_n pay_v the_o custom_n take_v notice_n that_o this_o prayer_n be_v make_v against_o the_o company_n which_o prohibit_v such_o trade_n this_o show_v that_o even_a in_o those_o day_n trade_n be_v under_o a_o regulation_n king_n ed._n 11._o 34_o e._n 3._o c._n 18._o 38_o e._n 3._o c._n 11._o 3._o give_v licence_n to_o all_o merchant_n denizen_n who_o be_v not_o artificer_n to_o go_v into_o gascoigne_n for_o wine_n
case_n issue_n plea_n where_o it_o amount_v to_o the_o general_a issue_n wherein_o the_o plaintiff_n declare_v that_o the_o defendant_n exhibit_v a_o peittion_n against_o he_o and_o sir_n r._n h._n before_o the_o king_n in_o council_n by_o reason_n whereof_o he_o be_v compel_v to_o appear_v at_o his_o great_a expense_n and_o that_o he_o be_v afterward_o discharge_v of_o the_o matter_n allege_v against_o he_o which_o be_v the_o erect_n of_o cottage_n in_o kingswood_n chase_n in_o the_o county_n of_o gloucester_n this_o action_n be_v first_o lay_v in_o gloucestershire_n and_o the_o defendant_n move_v that_o it_o may_v be_v lay_v in_o middlesex_n where_o the_o petition_n be_v exhibit_v but_o it_o be_v insist_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n that_o where_o a_o cause_n of_o action_n arise_v in_o two_o place_n he_o have_v his_o election_n to_o lay_v it_o in_o either_o the_o court_n hold_v that_o the_o exhibit_v of_o the_o petition_n be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o action_n and_o though_o it_o contain_v matter_n do_v in_o another_o place_n yet_o it_o shall_v be_v try_v in_o the_o county_n where_o the_o petition_n be_v deliver_v for_o suppose_v the_o petition_n have_v contain_v matter_n do_v beyond_o sea_n etc._n etc._n now_o in_o this_o case_n the_o action_n be_v bring_v in_o middlesex_n the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o the_o chase_n be_v injure_v by_o the_o erect_v the_o say_a cottage_n by_o the_o dig_v of_o pit_n and_o by_o the_o make_n of_o a_o warren_n by_o sir_n john_n newton_n and_o that_o the_o other_o person_n sir_n r._n h._n be_v then_o a_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n for_o the_o county_n of_o gloucester_n upon_o complaint_n to_o he_o make_v do_v not_o impose_v penalty_n upon_o the_o offender_n but_o do_v abet_v the_o say_a plaintiff_n by_o reason_n whereof_o the_o deer_n be_v decrease_v from_o 1000_o head_n to_o 400._o to_o this_o plea_n the_o plaintiff_n demur_v mr._n pollexfen_v argue_v against_o the_o plea_n first_o that_o it_o charge_v sir_n r._n h._n with_o no_o particular_a crime_n but_o enlarge_v the_o matter_n upon_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o amount_n to_o no_o more_o than_o the_o general_a issue_n for_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o defendant_n have_v false_o prosecute_v the_o plaintiff_n before_o the_o king_n in_o council_n which_o be_v only_a matter_n of_o fact_n and_o which_o be_v charge_v upon_o the_o defendant_n and_o therefore_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v plead_v not-guilty_a it_o be_v true_a where_o the_o defence_n consist_v in_o matter_n of_o law_n there_o the_o defendant_n may_v plead_v special_o but_o where_o it_o be_v pure_o fact_n the_o general_a issue_n must_v be_v plead_v e_o contra_fw-la contra_fw-la e_o contra_fw-la it_o be_v insist_v upon_o that_o what_o be_v allege_v in_o this_o plea_n may_v be_v give_v in_o evidence_n upon_o the_o general_a issue_n but_o the_o defendant_n may_v likewise_o plead_v it_o special_o and_o not_o trust_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o lay-gents_a as_o in_o conspiracy_n for_o procure_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o be_v false_o and_o malicious_o indict_v of_o a_o robbery_n law_n cro._n eliz._n 871_o 900._o 21_o e._n 3.17_o 27_o ass_n 12._o kelway_n 81._o moor_n 600._o rast_n ent._n 123._o sed_fw-la nota_fw-la this_o defence_n be_v matter_n of_o law_n the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o they_o be_v rob_v and_o suspect_v the_o plaintiff_n to_o be_v guilty_a procure_v a_o warrant_n in_o order_n to_o have_v the_o plaintiff_n examine_v before_o a_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o which_o he_o have_v notice_n and_o absent_v himself_o but_o be_v afterward_o commit_v to_o the_o gaol_n by_o a_o judge_n of_o this_o court_n who_o advise_v they_o to_o prefer_v a_o bill_n of_o indictment_n etc._n etc._n quae_fw-la est_fw-la eadem_fw-la conspiratio_fw-la this_o be_v adjudge_v a_o good_a plea_n though_o it_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o the_o general_a issue_n and_o all_o this_o matter_n may_v have_v be_v give_v in_o evidence_n at_o the_o trial._n the_o court_n except_o justice_n allybon_n advise_v the_o plaintiff_n to_o waive_n his_o demurrer_n and_o the_o defendant_n to_o plead_v the_o general_a issue_n but_o justice_n allybon_n take_v a_o exception_n to_o the_o declaration_n for_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v not_o allege_v any_o damnification_n but_o only_o that_o he_o be_v compel_v to_o appear_v and_o do_v not_o show_v how_o either_o by_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o defendant_n or_o by_o summons_n etc._n etc._n he_o ought_v to_o set_v forth_o that_o he_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v before_o the_o king_n in_o order_n to_o his_o discharge_n but_o to_o say_v coactus_fw-la fuit_fw-la comparere_fw-la be_v incertain_a for_o that_o may_v be_v in_o the_o vindication_n of_o his_o honour_n or_o reputation_n he_o complain_v of_o a_o petition_n exhibit_v against_o he_o which_o the_o defendant_n have_v answer_v by_o show_v to_o the_o court_n sufficient_a matter_n which_o may_v reasonable_o induce_v he_o so_o to_o to_o and_o for_o that_o reason_n he_o hold_v the_o plea_n to_o be_v good_a sed_fw-la adjornatur_fw-la rex_fw-la versus_fw-la hockenhul_n a_o information_n be_v exhibit_v against_o he_o for_o a_o riot_n amend_v misprision_n of_o a_o clerk_n amend_v of_o which_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a and_o this_o exception_n be_v take_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n memorandum_n quod_fw-la ad_fw-la general_n '_o quarterial_a '_o session_n '_o pacis_fw-la tent_n '_o etc._n etc._n die_v sabbati_fw-la prox_n '_o post_n quindenam_fw-la sancti_fw-la martini_n praesentat_fw-la '_o existit_fw-la quod_fw-la the_o defendant_n 27_o die_v januarii_n in_o such_o a_o year_n vi_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la &c._n &c._n so_o the_o fact_n be_v lay_v after_o the_o indictment_n which_o be_v exhibit_v against_o the_o defendant_n at_o the_o michaelmas_n session_n and_o the_o fact_n be_v lay_v to_o be_v in_o january_n follow_v in_o the_o same_o year_n but_o the_o attorney_n general_n say_v this_o be_v only_o a_o misprision_n of_o the_o clerk_n in_o title_v the_o record_n viz._n in_o the_o memorandum_n 144._o 8_o co._n 156._o 4_o h._n 6.16_o 10_o ass_n 26._o cro._n car._n 144._o and_o there_o be_v no_o fault_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o information_n and_o that_o it_o be_v amendable_a at_o the_o common_a law_n he_o cite_v some_o case_n to_o prove_v where_o amendment_n have_v be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o subject_n of_o great_a mistake_v than_o here_o a_o fortiori_fw-la it_o aught_o to_o be_v amend_v in_o the_o king_n case_n it_o be_v not_o only_o amendable_a at_o the_o common_a law_n 421._o 4_o h._n 6._o c._n 3._o 8_o h._n 6._o c._n 12._o jones_n 421._o but_o by_o several_a statute_n which_o extend_v to_o all_o misprision_n of_o clerk_n except_o treason_n felony_n and_o outlawry_n wherefore_o this_o mistake_n of_o quinden_n '_o martini_n be_v amend_v and_o make_v quinden_n '_o hillarii_n rex_fw-la versus_fw-la sellars_n the_o defendant_n be_v indict_v at_o the_o session_n in_o london_n for_o not_o attend_v at_o the_o wardmote_a inquest_n be_v choose_v of_o the_o jury_n for_o such_o a_o year_n quash_v indictment_n quash_v to_o this_o indictment_n he_o plead_v the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o company_n of_o cook_n of_o which_o he_o be_v a_o member_n by_o which_o grant_v that_o company_n be_v exempt_v from_o be_v put_v or_o summon_v upon_o a_o jury_n or_o inquest_n before_o the_o mayor_n or_o sheriff_n or_o coroner_n of_o london_n etc._n etc._n and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o cook_n be_v discharge_v by_o this_o grant_n from_o their_o attendance_n at_o the_o say_v wardmote_a inquest_n and_o for_o the_o king_n it_o be_v argue_v that_o they_o be_v not_o discharge_v before_o the_o judgement_n upon_o the_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la bring_v against_o the_o city_n of_o london_n these_o court_n there_o be_v like_o the_o hundred_o court_n in_o the_o county_n for_o as_o these_o be_v derive_v out_o of_o the_o county_n 249._o 4_o inst_z 249._o so_o those_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o lord_n mayor_n court_n which_o be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n and_o erect_v for_o the_o better_a government_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o alderman_n of_o every_o ward_n have_v right_a to_o hold_v leet_n there_o 1._o but_o now_o the_o word_n of_o this_o grant_v do_v not_o extend_v to_o this_o case_n for_o the_o cook_n be_v thereby_o discharge_v only_o from_o be_v of_o a_o jury_n before_o the_o mayor_n sheriff_n or_o coroner_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o court_n of_o wardmote_a be_v hold_v before_o neither_o for_o it_o be_v hold_v before_o the_o alderman_n of_o the_o ward_n 2._o 269._o dyer_n 269._o the_o word_n in_o this_o grant_v aught_o to_o be_v take_v strict_o viz._n that_o cook_n shall_v be_v exempt_v if_o there_o be_v other_o sufficient_a man_n in_o the_o ward_n to_o serve_v beside_o and_o if_o this_o do_v not_o appear_v the_o grant_n be_v void_a but_o this_o be_v not_o allege_v e_o contra_fw-la contra_fw-la e_o
release_v or_o confirmation_n and_o then_o his_o council_n shall_v advise_v what_o sort_n of_o conveyance_n be_v proper_a but_o here_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o assignment_n and_o such_o as_o the_o party_n have_v agree_v on_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o give_v another_o such_o a_o release_n as_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o prerogative_n court_n shall_v think_v fit_a 8._o 5_o co._n 23._o lamb_n case_n 1_o rol._n abr._n 424._o pl._n 8._o the_o person_n who_o be_v so_o bind_v must_v procure_v the_o judge_n to_o direct_v what_o release_n shall_v be_v give_v because_o the_o condition_n be_v for_o his_o benefit_n and_o he_o have_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o perform_v it_o at_o his_o peril_n it_o be_v usual_a for_o man_n to_o have_v council_n on_o both_o side_n to_o put_v their_o agreement_n into_o method_n but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v leave_v general_o as_o council_n shall_v direct_v what_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o the_o defendant_n council_n shall_v not_o be_v intend_v especial_o when_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o pen_n of_o the_o covenant_n he_o shall_v for_o a_o assignment_n be_v to_o be_v make_v as_o council_n shall_v direct_v and_o here_o be_v a_o verdict_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n it_o must_v now_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o defendant_n council_n be_v first_o to_o give_v the_o advice_n and_o then_o he_o be_v to_o make_v the_o assignment_n e_o contra_fw-la contra_fw-la e_o contra_fw-la it_o be_v argue_v that_o first_o as_o to_o the_o verdict_n it_o be_v not_o material_o object_v in_o this_o case_n because_o the_o plea_n be_v non_fw-la est_fw-la factum_fw-la so_o that_o nothing_o of_o the_o special_a matter_n can_v come_v in_o evidence_n now_o admit_v this_o covenant_n to_o be_v general_a yet_o one_o of_o the_o party_n must_v make_v his_o choice_n of_o council_n before_o he_o can_v entitle_v himself_o to_o a_o action_n all_o deed_n be_v take_v according_a to_o the_o general_a intendment_n and_o therefore_o by_o this_o covenant_n his_o council_n be_v to_o advise_v to_o who_o the_o assignment_n be_v to_o be_v make_v 168._o 3_o bulstr_n 168._o for_o if_o the_o council_n of_o the_o defendant_n shall_v advise_v a_o insufficient_a deed_n that_o will_v not_o have_v save_v his_o covenant_n beside_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v not_o aver_v that_o council_n do_v not_o advise_v and_o therefore_o the_o defendant_n can_v not_o plead_v any_o thing_n but_o non_fw-la est_fw-la factum_fw-la adjornatur_fw-la anonymus_fw-la a_o pleint_a be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o lord_n mayor_n court_n by_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la the_o return_v whereof_o be_v by-law_n exception_n to_o a_o by-law_n that_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v a_o ancient_a city_n incorporate_v and_o that_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n there_o be_v a_o custom_n that_o the_o portage_n and_o unlade_v of_o all_o coal_n and_o grain_n come_v thither_o shall_v belong_v to_o the_o mayor_n and_o alderman_n etc._n etc._n that_o there_o be_v a_o custom_n for_o they_o to_o regulate_v any_o custom_n within_o the_o city_n etc._n etc._n then_o they_o set_v forth_o a_o act_n of_o common-council_n by_o which_o the_o porter_n of_o billingsgate_n be_v make_v a_o fellowship_n and_o that_o the_o metre_n of_o corn_n shall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n give_v notice_n to_o the_o porter_n to_o unlade_v such_o corn_n as_o shall_v arrive_v there_o and_o that_o no_o bargeman_n not_o be_v free_a of_o the_o say_a fellowship_n shall_v unlade_v any_o corn_n upon_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o 20_o s._n to_o be_v recover_v in_o a_o action_n bring_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o chamberlain_n and_o that_o the_o party_n offend_v shall_v have_v no_o essoign_n or_o wager_n of_o law_n then_o they_o set_v forth_o the_o judgement_n in_o the_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la and_o the_o re-grant_a and_o that_o the_o defendant_n not_o be_v of_o the_o say_a fellowship_n do_v unlade_v one_o hundred_o quarter_n of_o malt_n etc._n etc._n sergeant_n thompson_n take_v many_o exception_n to_o this_o by_o law_n but_o the_o most_o material_a be_v 1._o it_o appear_v upon_o the_o return_n that_o the_o city_n of_o london_n have_v assume_v a_o authority_n to_o create_v a_o fellowship_n by_o act_n of_o common_a council_n which_o they_o can_v for_o it_o be_v a_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n so_o to_o do_v and_o they_o have_v not_o aver_v or_o show_v any_o special_a custom_n to_o warrant_v such_o a_o authority_n 2._o they_o have_v make_v this_o by-law_n too_o general_a for_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v carry_v and_o unlade_v his_o own_o good_n there_o he_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o forfeiture_n in_o which_o case_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v except_v 3._o this_o act_n of_o common_a council_n prohibit_v bargeman_n not_o be_v free_a of_o the_o fellowship_n of_o porter_n to_o unlade_v any_o coal_n or_o grain_n arrive_v there_o and_o they_o have_v not_o aver_v that_o the_o malt_n unlade_v do_v arrive_v etc._n etc._n so_o they_o have_v not_o pursue_v the_o word_n of_o the_o by-law_n 4._o they_o say_v in_o this_o law_n 107._o godb._n 107._o that_o the_o person_n offend_v shall_v have_v no_o essoign_n or_o wager_n of_o law_n which_o be_v a_o parliamentary_a power_n and_o such_o as_o a_o inferior_a jurisdiction_n ought_v not_o to_o assume_v adjornatur_fw-la beak_n versus_fw-la thyrwhit_n there_o be_v a_o sentence_n in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n ship_n whether_o trover_n will_v lie_v for_o a_o ship_n after_o sentence_n in_o admiralty_n for_o the_o same_o ship_n concern_v the_o take_v of_o a_o ship_n and_o afterward_o a_o executrix_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o trover_n and_o conversion_n for_o the_o same_o the_o defendant_n after_o a_o imparlance_n plead_v that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conversion_n he_o be_v a_o servant_n to_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o and_o a_o captain_n of_o a_o man_n of_o war_n call_v the_o phoenix_n and_o that_o he_o do_v seize_v the_o say_a ship_n for_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o east-india_n company_n she_o go_v in_o a_o trade_a voyage_n to_o the_o indies_n contrary_a to_o the_o king_n prohibition_n etc._n etc._n and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n these_o exception_n be_v take_v to_o this_o plea_n 1._o the_o defendant_n set_v forth_o that_o he_o be_v a_o servant_n to_o the_o king_n but_o have_v not_o show_v his_o commission_n to_o be_v a_o captain_n of_o a_o man_n of_o war._n 2._o that_o he_o seize_v the_o ship_n go_v to_o the_o indies_n contrary_a to_o the_o king_n prohibition_n and_o have_v not_o set_v forth_o the_o prohibition_n itself_o it_o be_v argue_v by_o the_o council_n contra_fw-la that_o it_o may_v be_v a_o question_n whether_o this_o be_v the_o conversion_n for_o which_o this_o action_n be_v bring_v for_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o defendant_n may_v plead_v to_o the_o juisdiction_n of_o this_o court_n the_o matter_n be_v then_o under_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o admiralty_n but_o as_o to_o the_o substance_n of_o this_o plea_n it_o be_v not_o material_a for_o the_o defendant_n either_o to_o set_v forth_o his_o commission_n or_o the_o king_n prohibition_n he_o have_v show_v enough_o to_o entitle_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n to_o a_o jurisdiction_n of_o this_o cause_n and_o therefore_o this_o court_n can_v meddle_v with_o it_o for_o he_o express_o affirm_v that_o he_o be_v a_o captain_n of_o a_o man_n of_o war_n and_o do_v seize_v this_o ship_n etc._n etc._n which_o must_v be_v intend_v upon_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o the_o conversion_n may_v afterward_o be_v upon_o the_o land_n 685._o cro._n eliz._n 685._o yet_o the_o original_a cause_n arise_v upon_o the_o sea_n shall_v and_o must_v be_v try_v in_o the_o admiralty_n and_o it_o have_v already_o receive_v a_o determination_n there_o shall_v not_o again_o be_v controvert_v in_o a_o action_n of_o trover_n the_o case_n of_o mr._n 785._o 3_o keb._n 785._o hutchinson_n be_v cite_v to_o this_o purpose_n who_o kill_v mr._n colson_n in_o portugal_n and_o be_v acquit_v there_o of_o the_o murder_n the_o exemplification_n of_o which_o acquittal_n he_o woduce_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v bring_v from_o newgate_n by_o a_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la to_o this_o court_n notwithstanding_o the_o king_n be_v very_o willing_a to_o have_v he_o try_v here_o for_o that_o fact_n the_o consideration_n whereof_o he_o refer_v to_o the_o judge_n who_o all_o agree_v that_o he_o be_v already_o acquit_v by_o their_o law_n can_v not_o be_v try_v again_o here_o adjornatur_fw-la smith_n versus_fw-la pierce_n a_o special_a verdict_n be_v find_v in_o ejectment_n non-claim_a a_o term_n for_o year_n be_v devise_v for_o payment_n of_o debt_n the_o remainder_n over_o in_o tail_n he_o in_o remainder_n enter_v and_o levy_v a_o fine_a and_o settle_v the_o land_n upon_o his_o wife_n for_o life_n and_o die_v the_o wife_n survive_v and_o the_o debt_n not_o pay_v whether_o this_o term_n be_v bar_v by_o
4._o it_o will_v lie_v for_o such_o word_n for_o which_o a_o action_n will_v not_o 139_o 5._o for_o a_o riot_n in_o undue_o elect_v of_o a_o alderman_n of_o bristol_n not_o be_v summon_v by_o the_o mayor_n 5_o 6._o exception_n to_o it_o viz._n do_v not_o say_v that_o it_o be_v antiqua_fw-la villa_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o corporation_n by_o charter_n or_o prescription_n of_o which_o the_o court_n can_v judicial_o take_v notice_n if_o not_o show_v 5_o 7._o do_v not_o say_v that_o any_o charter_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o city_n of_o bristol_n where_o the_o riot_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v commit_v 7_o 8._o must_v be_v very_o exact_a and_o certain_a for_o it_o be_v not_o aid_v by_o any_o statute_n of_o jeofail_n ibid._n 9_o for_o treasonable_a word_n preach_v in_o a_o sermon_n viz._n we_o have_v have_v two_o wicked_a king_n together_o etc._n etc._n whether_o good_a without_o some_o precede_a discourse_n of_o the_o king_n 53_o 54_o 69_o 10._o for_o subornation_n of_o perjury_n in_o persuade_v another_o to_o swear_v and_o do_v not_o set_v forth_o that_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v that_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o thing_n swear_v be_v false_a 122_o 11._o quash_v because_o the_o word_n per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la duodecim_fw-la proborum_fw-la &_o legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la be_v leave_v out_o ibid._n 12._o for_o use_v a_o trade_n not_o be_v a_o apprentice_n upon_o 5_o eliz._n and_o do_v not_o aver_v that_o it_o be_v a_o trade_n use_v before_o the_o make_n of_o the_o act_n 152_o 13._o for_o not_o serve_v upon_o a_o wardmote_a enquest_n quash_v for_o incertainty_n 168_o 14._o for_o perjury_n by_o the_o name_n of_o a._n b._n de_fw-fr parochia_fw-la de_fw-fr algate_n and_o do_v not_o show_v in_o what_o county_n it_o be_v for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v hold_v not_o good_a 139_o 15._o in_o indictment_n there_o must_v be_v a_o addition_n to_o the_o person_n and_o place_n viz._n to_o the_o person_n of_o what_o estate_n and_o degree_n he_o be_v to_o the_o place_n viz_o in_o what_o hamlet_n town_n place_n and_o county_n he_o live_v 139_o 16._o caption_n be_v coram_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la ad_fw-la pacem_fw-la dicti_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la conservand_n '_o and_o do_v not_o say_v nunc_fw-la whether_o good_a ibid._n 17._o for_o burglary_n the_o very_a day_n need_v not_o be_v set_v down_o for_o if_o it_o be_v either_o before_o or_o after_o the_o offence_n the_o jury_n ought_v to_o find_v according_a to_o the_o truth_n 141_o 18._o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o lay_v the_o fact_n to_o be_v commit_v in_o parochia_fw-la etc._n etc._n without_o lay_v a_o vill_n though_o parish_n be_v a_o ecclesiastical_a division_n 158_o 19_o per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la 12_o praesentat_fw-la '_o existit_fw-la modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la sequen_n '_o midd._n viz._n juratores_fw-la pro_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la praesentant_fw-la it_o shall_v have_v be_v praesentat_fw-la '_o existit_fw-la quod_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o not_o modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la quash_v 201_o 20._o the_o certainty_n of_o the_o fact_n ought_v to_o be_v particular_o allege_v if_o for_o murder_n it_o must_v be_v allege_v that_o a_o stroke_n be_v give_v 202_o 21._o pardon_n be_v plead_v and_o judgement_n quod_fw-la defendens_fw-la eat_v sine_fw-la die_v but_o be_v convict_v of_o manslaughter_n his_o good_n be_v forfeit_v and_o though_o he_o be_v out_o of_o the_o court_n by_o this_o pardon_n and_o judgement_n yet_o the_o indictment_n be_v quash_v upon_o a_o motion_n for_o a_o fault_n in_o it_o and_o this_o be_v to_o prevent_v the_o seizure_n 202_o 22._o two_o be_v indict_v for_o a_o confederacy_n one_o of_o they_o be_v acquit_v and_o the_o other_o find_v guilty_a the_o acquittal_n of_o one_o be_v the_o discharge_n of_o the_o other_o 220_o inducement_n in_o trover_n the_o contract_n be_v but_o inducement_n the_o cause_n of_o action_n be_v upon_o the_o conversion_n 322_o inferior_a court_n see_v court_n infant_n see_v copyhold_n 2._o custom_n 5_o 7._o evidence_n 3._o after_o three_o proclamation_n in_o a_o court_n baron_n of_o a_o manor_n he_o do_v not_o come_v to_o be_v admit_v to_o a_o copyhold_n estate_n and_o hold_v no_o forfeiture_n 223_o 2._o have_v a_o estate_n upon_o condition_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o he_o and_o it_o be_v break_v during_o his_o minority_n the_o estate_n be_v go_v for_o ever_o 222_o 224_o 226_o 3._o the_o law_n will_v not_o allow_v the_o privilege_n of_o infancy_n to_o work_v a_o wrong_n to_o any_o body_n 222_o 226_o 4._o shall_v not_o be_v prejudice_v by_o the_o latch_n of_o another_o but_o shall_v be_v answerable_a for_o himself_o 222_o 223_o 5._o custom_n to_o be_v admit_v after_o three_o proclamation_n will_v not_o bar_v he_o if_o beyond_o sea_n 222_o 6._o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o be_v admit_v during_o his_o infancy_n 223_o 7._o his_o feoffment_n be_v no_o forfeiture_n at_o the_o common_a law_n ibid._n 8._o if_o he_o do_v not_o present_a to_o a_o church_n within_o six_o month_n it_o shall_v lapse_v ibid._n 9_o he_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o a_o copyhold_n but_o not_o oblige_v to_o pay_v the_o fine_a during_o his_o nonage_n 224_o 10_o may_v be_v bind_v by_o act_n of_o necessity_n and_o by_o some_o custom_n ibid._n 11_o where_o he_o have_v a_o right_a it_o shall_v be_v preserve_v after_o a_o fine_a and_o non-claim_a but_o he_o have_v no_o right_a before_o admittance_n to_o a_o copyhold_n 226_o 12._o case_n of_o coverture_n and_o infancy_n be_v guide_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n of_o law_n so_o be_v case_n of_o infant_n and_o lunatic_n ibid._n 13._o where_o he_o bring_v a_o audita_fw-la querela_fw-la to_o avoid_v a_o statute_n enter_v into_o by_o he_o in_o his_o minority_n 229_o 14._o a_o surrender_n make_v by_o a_o infant_n be_v void_a 303_o 15._o where_o act_v do_v by_o he_o be_v void_a in_o themselves_o where_o voidable_o 307_o 16._o when_o he_o be_v make_v defendant_n he_o must_v appear_v by_o guardian_n and_o not_o by_o attorney_n for_o he_o have_v not_o capacity_n to_o choose_v one_o the_o appearance_n by_o guardian_n be_v the_o act_n of_o the_o court_n when_o he_o be_v plaintiff_n he_o may_v sue_v per_fw-mi prochein_fw-fr amy_n 236_o 17._o whether_o in_o replevin_n one_o of_o they_o who_o make_v cognizance_n be_v a_o infant_n may_v do_v it_o per_fw-la attornatum_fw-la it_o may_v be_v plead_v in_o abatement_n 248_o 18._o if_o he_o be_v administrator_n he_o may_v bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n per_fw-la attornatum_fw-la because_o he_o sue_v in_o the_o right_n of_o another_o 248_o 19_o where_o he_o recover_v as_o plaintiff_n the_o defendant_n shall_v not_o assign_v infancy_n for_o error_n ibid._n 20._o answer_v of_o his_o guardian_n in_o chancery_n shall_v not_o be_v read_v as_o evidence_n at_o law_n to_o conclude_v he_o 259_o 21._o he_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o take_v a_o surrender_n because_o he_o can_v give_v his_o assent_n which_o be_v a_o essential_a requisite_a to_o a_o surrender_n 298_o 22._o release_v by_o a_o infant_n executor_n be_v no_o bar_n for_o it_o work_v the_o destruction_n of_o his_o estate_n 303_o 23._o can_v surrender_v a_o future_a interest_n by_o his_o acceptance_n of_o a_o new_a lease_n or_o make_v a_o absolute_a surrender_n of_o a_o term_n by_o deed_n 304_o information_n for_o a_o forgery_n bring_v against_o a_o coroner_n who_o insert_v the_o name_n of_o two_o person_n in_o a_o indictment_n upon_o his_o enquest_n for_o a_o murder_n who_o the_o jury_n have_v not_o find_v guilty_a 66_o 2._o for_o a_o riot_n in_o break_v a_o bank_n and_o divert_v a_o watercourse_n the_o jury_n find_v quoad_fw-la fractionem_fw-la ripae_fw-la guilty_a and_o quoad_fw-la riotam_fw-la not_o guilty_a for_o which_o reason_n the_o judgement_n be_v arrest_v 73_o 3._o for_o go_v arm_v to_o terrify_v the_o people_n it_o be_v a_o offence_n at_o common_a law_n 118_o 4._o for_o forge_v quoddam_fw-la scriptum_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la a._n be_v bind_v which_o can_v be_v if_o the_o bond_n be_v forge_v 104_o 5._o for_o perjury_n in_o a_o deposition_n take_v before_o commissioner_n in_o chancery_n whether_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v present_a to_o testify_v that_o the_o defendant_n be_v the_o same_o person_n 116_o 6._o a_o information_n of_o perjury_n will_v not_o lie_v against_o a_o person_n for_o swear_v to_o the_o value_n of_o land_n if_o not_o true_a 134_o 7._o upon_o the_o 5_o of_o eliz._n against_o a_o turkey-merchant_n for_o employ_v man_n in_o his_o house_n to_o dress_v cloth_n it_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v exercise_v the_o trade_n of_o a_o cloath-worker_n 315_o innkeeper_n see_v plead_v 11._o inquisition_n see_v melius_fw-la inquirendum_fw-la find_a to_o be_v a_o idiot_n per_fw-la spatium_fw-la octo_fw-la annorum_fw-la those_o word_n be_v surplusage_n for_o he_o must_v be_v so_o a_o nativitate_fw-la 44_o 2._o quash_v because_o the_o year_n of_o the_o king_n be_v omit_v 80_o 3._o take_a