errant_a slave_n and_o vassal_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o mean_a person_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v tax_v as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o superior_a lord_n which_o whether_o so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n will_v ever_o have_v suffer_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v m._n i_o grant_v this_o may_v now_o appear_v somewhat_o hard_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v not_o then_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o grievance_n and_o it_o be_v then_o no_o more_o unjust_a than_o it_o be_v now_o that_o person_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n though_o of_o never_o so_o good_a estate_n in_o money_n or_o stock_n or_o that_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o for_o the_o life_n of_o another_o shall_v at_o this_o day_n have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o consequent_o be_v without_o any_o 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of_o aldermani_fw-la regis_fw-la aldermani_fw-la comitatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o alderman_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a sense_n of_o this_o word_n we_o have_v whole_a regiment_n of_o earl_n who_o title_n seldom_o if_o at_o all_o descend_v hereditary_a till_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o after_o william_n i._o the_o saxon_a word_n aealderman_n and_o thegnes_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v change_v and_o in_o the_o room_n of_o aldermanni_n &_o thani_n we_o find_v comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o in_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o history_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n barones_n only_o take_v in_o those_o day_n for_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o for_o the_o inferior_a baron_n or_o free_a tenant_n which_o hold_v great_a estate_n of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o king_n by_o certain_a service_n and_o to_o who_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o earl_n as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n title_n baro_n often_o direct_v their_o charter_n 70._o barombus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la tam_fw-la francis_n quam_fw-la anglis_fw-la and_o we_o there_o also_o read_v some_o quotation_n from_o the_o old_a book_n of_o ramsey_n abby_n wherein_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ramsey_n as_o also_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la thereof_o be_v particular_o mention_v all_o which_o as_o this_o learned_a author_n tell_v we_o non_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la sunt_fw-la intelligenda_fw-la sid_n de_fw-fr vassallis_n feodalibus_fw-la note_n scil_n melioris_fw-la and_o the_o same_o author_n say_v a_o little_a low_o that_o baron_n be_v often_o take_v pro_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o soccagio_fw-it quam_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la m._n what_o then_o do_v you_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o freeholder_n in_o england_n by_o whatsoever_o tenure_n they_o hold_v appear_v in_o person_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n and_o dr._n b._n assign_v for_o the_o summon_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n at_o this_o rate_n every_o yeoman_n or_o petty_a freeholder_n be_v a_o baron_n so_o that_o this_o assembly_n may_v then_o consist_v of_o above_o 50_o or_o 60_o thousand_o person_n since_o spot_n in_o his_o chronicle_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o service_n of_o about_o 60000_o knight_n fee_n which_o by_o the_o time_n i_o suppose_v may_v have_v be_v divide_v into_o many_o more_o lesser_a one_o 19_o by_o co-heirship_a or_o by_o sale_n and_o otherwise_o parcel_v out_o by_o the_o king_n licence_n into_o half-knighs-fee_n three_o part_n of_o fee_n four_o part_n of_o fee_n eight_o part_n sixteen_o twenty_o thirty_o and_o forty_o part_n of_o fee_n and_o so_o have_v be_v increase_v into_o as_o many_o more_o and_o these_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o
a_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v make_v indefinite_o without_o fix_v it_o to_o any_o time_n or_o person_n the_o word_n in_o the_o act_n be_v the_o king_n for_o the_o time_n be_v which_o must_v certain_o extend_v to_o any_o other_o king_n as_o well_o as_o henry_n the_o viith_o for_o i_o suppose_v that_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o a_o deed_n agree_v in_o this_o that_o a_o unnecessary_a clause_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n render_v the_o whole_a void_a but_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v in_o relation_n to_o this_o act_n be_v a_o security_n for_o the_o title_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o her_o child_n who_o you_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n this_o rather_o serve_v to_o strengthen_v the_o act_n than_o otherwise_o for_o if_o this_o king_n have_v a_o good_a title_n in_o her_o right_n than_o it_o may_v be_v also_o very_a well_o suppose_v that_o she_o give_v her_o assent_n to_o this_o act_n in_o the_o person_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o that_o not_o for_o the_o benefit_n but_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o she_o own_o issue_n since_o if_o after_o her_o death_n which_o happen_v some_o year_n before_o he_o her_o son_n henry_n prince_n of_o wales_n have_v set_v up_o his_o present_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o mother_n and_o so_o will_v have_v dethrone_v his_o father_n as_o a_o usurper_n i_o suppose_v no_o reasonable_a man_n will_v deny_v but_o that_o this_o act_n will_v have_v indemnify_v all_o those_o who_o have_v take_v up_o arm_n in_o defence_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o against_o his_o son_n though_o in_o your_o sense_n king_n de_fw-la jure_fw-la and_o if_o it_o will_v justify_v the_o subject_n then_o i_o can_v see_v why_o it_o may_v not_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n now_o in_o their_o swear_a allegiance_n nay_o fight_v for_o the_o king_n in_o possession_n against_o he_o who_o we_o will_v for_o the_o present_a suppose_n to_o be_v king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la m._n well_o however_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v that_o this_o act_n be_v no_o more_o than_o temporary_a from_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o case_n of_o john_n duke_n of_o northumberland_n 56._o who_o when_o he_o be_v try_v for_o treason_n for_o lead_v a_o army_n against_o queen_n mary_n to_o settle_v the_o lady_n jane_n grace_n in_o the_o throne_n desire_v to_o be_v inform_v by_o the_o judge_n whether_o a_o man_n act_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o privy_a council_n or_o prince_n council_n as_o stow_z and_o heylin_n word_n it_o can_v become_v thereby_o guilty_a of_o treason_n to_o which_o all_o the_o judge_n answer_v that_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o one_o that_o be_v not_o lawful_a queen_n can_v give_v no_o authority_n or_o indemnity_n to_o those_o that_o act_v by_o such_o a_o warrant_n upon_o which_o the_o duke_n submit_v though_o without_o question_n he_o do_v not_o want_v lawyer_n to_o enforce_v his_o plea_n with_o this_o statute_n likewise_o if_o his_o 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her_o queen_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la according_a to_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o viith_o i_o know_v not_o what_o be_v f._n yet_o i_o can_v tell_v you_o what_o be_v yet_o want_v which_o because_o she_o have_v not_o she_o be_v certain_o neither_o queen_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la nor_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o that_o be_v a_o solemn_a coronation_n and_o recognition_n of_o she_o right_o by_o parliament_n which_o legal_a investiture_n since_o she_o never_o have_v she_o be_v not_o the_o queen_n for_o the_o time_n be_v and_o consequent_o not_o intend_v within_o this_o statute_n of_o the_o 11_o of_o henry_n the_o viith_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a she_o be_v appoint_v successor_n of_o the_o crown-by_a the_o letter_n patent_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o vith_o yet_o since_o she_o can_v not_o claim_v by_o right_a of_o blood_n there_o be_v so_o many_o before_o she_o all_o the_o kingdom_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o usurpation_n and_o a_o artifice_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o northumberland_n 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since_o if_o the_o bare_a coronation_n and_o recognition_n by_o parliament_n can_v confer_v a_o legal_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n upon_o one_o who_o have_v no_o hereditary_a right_n to_o it_o before_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o will_v be_v that_o the_o crown_n will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v elective_a as_o you_o suppose_v it_o to_o have_v ancient_o be_v that_o it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o every_o bold_a usurper_n or_o rebel_n who_o have_v but_o the_o confidence_n to_o call_v himself_o king_n to_o gain_v a_o legal_a title_n to_o be_v so_o according_a to_o your_o principle_n and_o then_o if_o oliver_n cromwell_n can_v have_v find_v a_o party_n strong_a enough_o in_o the_o army_n to_o have_v declare_v he_o king_n and_o have_v call_v a_o parliament_n in_o his_o own_o name_n who_o have_v recognise_v he_o for_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n he_o will_v then_o have_v have_v as_o much_o right_n to_o our_o allegiance_n as_o king_n charles_n the_o iid_n which_o certain_o be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o the_o settlement_n of_o the_o crown_n upon_o henry_n the_o viith_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n but_o also_o to_o that_o solemn_a recognition_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o title_n as_o lineal_o descend_v as_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o say_a king_n henry_n which_o i_o insist_v on_o at_o our_o last_o meet_v and_o therefore_o if_o you_o will_v have_v my_o sense_n of_o this_o act_n it_o be_v either_o expire_v for_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v already_o give_v or_o else_o be_v void_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o the_o settle_a course_n of_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o lineal_a descent_n for_o divers_a hundred_o year_n last_o pass_v but_o
that_o because_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n as_o likewise_o divers_a of_o his_o predecessor_n do_v nominate_v bishop_n to_o see_v therefore_o they_o do_v likewise_o receive_v from_o they_o all_o the_o authority_n they_o have_v of_o appear_v and_o act_v in_o general_a council_n which_o i_o be_o sure_a you_o be_v too_o good_a a_o church_n of_o england_n man_n to_o affirm_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o do_v so_o close_o examine_v the_o ancient_a form_n of_o confer_v of_o bishopric_n before_o the_o conquest_n as_o i_o find_v you_o have_v do_v and_o i_o will_v better_o examine_v your_o authority_n and_o if_o i_o find_v this_o custom_n to_o have_v be_v constant_a and_o uniform_a i_o shall_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n though_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v not_o prove_v to_o have_v be_v so_o general_a as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o since_o by_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v out_o of_o mat._n paris_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n who_o give_v leave_v to_o this_o election_n of_o bishop_n wulstan_n in_o the_o great_a council_n which_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v do_v then_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o meddle_v in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n but_o since_o you_o have_v speak_v enough_o concern_v the_o right_n and_o antiquity_n of_o the_o bishop_n sit_v in_o our_o great_a council_n it_o be_v time_n you_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o peer_n or_o temporal_a lord_n which_o certain_o can_v have_v no_o place_n there_o but_o from_o the_o favour_n and_o concession_n of_o our_o king_n so_o that_o whether_o we_o consider_v those_o lord_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o ruler_n of_o county_n call_v in_o old_a english_a earl_n or_o alderman_n in_o latin_a deuce_n or_o comites_fw-la or_o else_o as_o judge_n or_o counsellor_n call_v in_o old_a saxon_a wites_z or_o wiseman_n in_o latin_a sapientes_fw-la or_o last_o as_o thanes_z in_o latin_a ministri_fw-la who_o be_v either_o military_a tenant_n or_o civil_a minister_n or_o else_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n in_o his_o court_n or_o other_o employment_n none_o of_o they_o be_v hereditary_a in_o those_o time_n but_o all_o of_o they_o either_o depend_v upon_o the_o king_n will_n or_o else_o owe_v their_o honour_n and_o estate_n to_o his_o favour_n f._n i_o hope_v notwithstanding_o the_o confidence_n you_o put_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o argument_n that_o it_o have_v no_o more_o weight_n in_o it_o than_o the_o former_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o hereditary_a earldom_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o though_o both_o the_o earl_n and_o alderman_n may_v have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la as_o the_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n have_v at_o this_o day_n and_o not_o by_o tenure_n england_n as_o they_o do_v after_o that_o time_n yet_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o they_o sit_v there_o only_o ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la and_o not_o as_o thanes_z or_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a lordship_n or_o estate_n in_o land_n but_o if_o they_o sit_v there_o as_o earl_n or_o aldermâ—n_o yet_o may_v they_o not_o be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o sit_v in_o those_o council_n by_o that_o title_n for_o there_o be_v beside_o these_o aldermen_z of_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o be_v elect_v by_o those_o place_n and_o who_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a appear_v for_o they_o as_o their_o representative_n in_o those_o council_n until_o by_o succession_n of_o time_n those_o town_n begin_v to_o send_v two_o burgess_n in_o their_o stead_n some_o footstep_n of_o which_o still_o remain_v in_o london_n where_o the_o alderman_n of_o every_o ward_n be_v first_o propose_v to_o be_v elect_v parliament_n man_n before_o any_o other_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o alderman_n in_o the_o most_o ancient_a city_n as_o london_n york_n lincoln_n &_o â—_o be_v not_o elect_v by_o any_o grant_n or_o charter_n from_o the_o crown_n but_o by_o a_o immemorial_a right_n of_o prescription_n but_o admit_v that_o these_o earl_n or_o alderman_n appear_v in_o these_o council_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n or_o dignity_n which_o the_o king_n confer_v upon_o they_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o prove_v that_o the_o very_a office_n itself_o proceed_v 〈◊〉_d from_o he_o since_o we_o find_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o chief_a man_n who_o 〈◊〉_d call_v prince_n and_o which_o answer_v these_o earl_n to_o have_v be_v use_v among_o the_o ancient_a german_n long_o before_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n where_o we_o cite_v the_o rest_n jura_n per_fw-la pagâ—â—_n viâ—osque_fw-la principes_fw-la reddunt_fw-la â—enteni_fw-la singulis_n ex_fw-la plebe_fw-la comites_fw-la consilium_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o auctoritas_fw-la adsunt_fw-la which_o exact_o answer_v our_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n under_o the_o saxon_a king_n wherein_o the_o alderman_n of_o the_o county_n or_o his_o deputy_n the_o sheriff_n preside_v and_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n or_o hundred_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o all_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o that_o though_o the_o king_n may_v appoint_v these_o prince_n or_o governor_n of_o province_n or_o county_n yet_o do_v it_o no_o more_o follow_v that_o they_o owe_v their_o be_v and_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n whole_o to_o his_o will_n than_o as_o i_o say_v before_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n have_v ancient_o the_o nomination_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n in_o england_n that_o therefore_o they_o must_v also_o owe_v their_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o synod_n whole_o to_o they_o since_o the_o king_n perform_v both_o of_o they_o as_o a_o public_a trust_v commit_v to_o he_o by_o the_o common_a weal_n in_o the_o one_o case_n as_o much_o as_o in_o the_o other_o but_o indeed_o i_o think_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o assembly_n beside_o alderman_n and_o burgess_n for_o city_n and_o town_n consist_v of_o those_o thanes_z who_o name_n be_v often_o find_v in_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n after_o the_o principes_fw-la deuce_n and_o comâ—â—â—s_n and_o that_o though_o many_o of_o they_o may_v be_v the_o king_n feudal_n thanes_z or_o 〈◊〉_d grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n in_o chief_a as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n 515._o yet_o that_o author_n no_o where_o exclude_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o e._n middle_a or_o less_o thanes_z from_o have_v voice_n in_o those_o assembly_n who_o be_v afterward_o style_v vavissour_n or_o lord_n of_o township_n afterward_o call_v maunor_n with_o court_n annex_v to_o they_o under_o the_o name_n of_o sac_n &_o soc_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o court_n 〈◊〉_d and_o courtbaron_n especial_o if_o you_o please_v far_o to_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a nâ—mber_n of_o alâ—dariâ—_n or_o free_a tenant_n there_o be_v then_o who_o hold_v their_o land_n discharge_v of_o all_o service_n but_o the_o common_a burden_n and_o tax_n of_o the_o nation_n none_o but_o the_o land_n of_o the_o king_n thanes_z be_v hold_v by_o military_a service_n before_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o saxon_a council_n will_v find_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o person_n that_o appear_v there_o do_v not_o owe_v their_o 〈◊〉_d to_o their_o be_v the_o king_n minister_n or_o officer_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o to_o their_o hold_v such_o land_n and_o possâ—ssions_n as_o capacitate_v they_o and_o give_v they_o a_o right_a to_o have_v place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n and_o that_o this_o be_v 〈◊〉_d we_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o law_n of_o king_n athelâ—â—an_n where_o you_o will_v find_v gâ—mility_n itself_o annex_v to_o a_o estate_n in_o land_n 54._o for_o if_o you_o will_v but_o be_v please_v to_o consult_v king_n athelston_n law_n you_o will_v there_o find_v that_o if_o a_o villaâ—aus_n or_o câ—eorl_n can_v so_o thrive_v as_o to_o get_v a_o estate_n of_o five_o hide_n in_o land_n he_o be_v reckon_v a_o thane_n i._n e._n a_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n as_o they_o be_v promiscuoul_o reckon_v at_o that_o time_n so_o that_o though_o i_o suppose_v there_o may_v not_o be_v in_o those_o time_n that_o exact_a distinction_n between_o peer_n and_o commons_o as_o there_o have_v be_v establish_v since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n yet_o be_v it_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o effect_n since_o the_o bishop_n earl_n or_o alderman_n of_o shire_n though_o not_o enjoy_v as_o hereditary_a honour_n may_v make_v then_o the_o great_a nobility_n or_o peer_n as_o the_o thanes_z be_v the_o less_o nobility_n gentleman_n or_o freeholder_n who_o all_o appear_v in_o person_n may_v together_o with_o
and_o power_n grant_v to_o they_o in_o and_o by_o this_o general_a clause_n in_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n issue_v to_o sheriff_n for_o every_o county_n before_o every_o parliament_n enjoin_v they_o in_o these_o word_n tibi_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la firmiter_fw-la injungentes_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la praedicto_fw-la duos_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr qualibet_fw-la cititate_fw-la duos_fw-la cives_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la burgo_n duos_fw-la burgess_n at_o discretioribus_fw-la 231.232_o etc._n etc._n sinâ—_n dilatione_fw-la eligi_fw-la &_o eos_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la ad_fw-la dictos_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la venite_fw-la facias_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o general_a indefinite_a clause_n use_v in_o all_o writ_n of_o summons_n ever_o since_o 23d_o of_o edward_n i._o without_o design_v what_o particular_a city_n or_o burrough_n by_o name_n within_o each_o county_n the_o sheriff_n shall_v cause_v to_o elect_n or_o send_v two_o citizen_n or_o two_o burgess_n but_o leave_v it_o whole_o to_o each_o sheriff_n liberty_n and_o discretion_n to_o send_v the_o writ_n direct_v to_o he_o to_o what_o city_n and_o burrough_n he_o please_v thereupon_o every_o sheriff_n use_v a_o kind_n of_o arbitrary_a power_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o general_a clause_n according_a as_o his_o judgement_n direct_v or_o his_o assertion_n favour_n partiality_n malice_n or_o the_o solicitation_n of_o any_o private_a burrough_n to_o he_o or_o of_o competitor_n for_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n place_n within_o his_o county_n sway_v he_o this_o be_v most_o apparent_a by_o some_o sheriff_n in_o several_a county_n return_v more_o burrough_n and_o burgess_n then_o their_o predecessor_n other_o few_o some_o omit_v those_o burrough_n return_v by_o their_o predecessor_n other_o cause_v election_n and_o return_v to_o be_v make_v for_o such_o new_a burrough_n which_o never_o elect_a or_o send_v any_o before_o nor_o after_o their_o sherivalty_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o return_v annis_n 28.33_o e._n 1._o and_o 34._o of_o e._n 3._o for_o diuâ—n_n anno_fw-la 26._o e._n 1._o for_o yorkshire_n anno_fw-la 33_o e._n 1._o for_o oxfordshire_n anno_fw-la 28._o of_o e._n 1._o for_o hampshire_n annis_n 33._o and_o 34._o of_o e._n 3._o for_o somerset_n annis_n 25.27_o and_o 28._o h._n 6_o for_o wilts_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o first_o writ_n or_o memorial_n of_o any_o extant_a on_o record_n for_o elect_a knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n be_v those_o of_o 49th_o of_o henry_n 3d_o but_o these_o writ_n only_o command_v that_o the_o sheriff_n cause_n to_o come_v two_o knight_n etc._n etc._n of_o each_o county_n and_o the_o like_a writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n lincoln_n and_o other_o burrough_n of_o england_n to_o elect_v two_o citizen_n and_o two_o burgess_n for_o each_o of_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n the_o like_a writ_n be_v also_o issue_v to_o sandwich_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n without_o express_v their_o name_n or_o number_n in_o each_o county_n and_o this_o form_n i_o conceive_v say_v mr._n pryn_n continue_v till_o 23d_o of_o edward_n i._n when_o the_o aforecited_a general_a clause_n authorise_v and_o entrust_v every_o sheriff_n to_o cause_v two_o citizen_n and_o two_o burgess_n to_o be_v elect_v etc._n etc._n out_o of_o every_o city_n and_o burrow_n in_o his_o county_n be_v first_o put_v into_o the_o writ_n by_o authority_n and_o colour_n whereof_o every_o sheriff_n send_v precept_n to_o what_o city_n and_o burrough_n of_o his_o county_n he_o please_v f._n i_o have_v with_o patience_n hear_v this_o long_a history_n of_o mr._n prins_n concern_v the_o election_n of_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n from_o which_o i_o must_v notwithstanding_o make_v bold_a to_o differ_v for_o though_o i_o own_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o industry_n in_o matter_n of_o record_n yet_o i_o doubt_v he_o be_v often_o too_o quick_a in_o take_v up_o of_o opinion_n upon_o slender_a ground_n therefore_o for_o the_o answer_n of_o he_o i_o shall_v first_o show_v you_o the_o improbability_n of_o his_o supposition_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n shall_v make_v use_n of_o no_o other_o confutation_n then_o what_o his_o own_o book_n will_v afford_v we_o as_o to_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n return_v and_o other_o thing_n he_o lay_v so_o much_o stress_n upon_o in_o the_o first_o place_n for_o the_o notion_n of_o sheriff_n send_v precept_n to_o what_o city_n and_o burrough_n they_o please_v and_o consequent_o make_v as_o few_o or_o as_o many_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n as_o they_o will_v that_o this_o be_v not_o so_o at_o first_o be_v evident_a from_o those_o very_a writ_n of_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v not_o then_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n for_o any_o more_o than_o to_o the_o county_n but_o as_o for_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n they_o be_v then_o direct_v to_o themselves_o and_o he_o also_o confess_v that_o this_o continue_v so_o from_o that_o time_n till_o the_o 23d_o of_o edward_n i._o so_o that_o all_o this_o while_n be_v about_o 28_o year_n it_o seem_v the_o nomination_n of_o what_o city_n and_o town_n shall_v send_v member_n to_o parliament_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o sheriff_n but_o upon_o somewhat_o else_o and_o i_o have_v ask_v you_o once_o though_o without_o receive_v any_o answer_n what_o rule_n simon_n montfort_n go_v by_o to_o tell_v what_o city_n and_o burrough_n be_v to_o send_v member_n and_o what_o not_o since_o the_o word_n be_v only_o in_o general_n de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la burgo_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o pray_v answer_v i_o now_o if_o you_o can_v m._n i_o conceive_v in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o city_n simon_n montfort_n send_v to_o those_o that_o be_v ancient_o esteem_v so_o viz._n such_o as_o have_v bishop_n see_v annex_v to_o they_o such_o as_o london_n lincoln_n and_o particular_o name_v in_o these_o writ_n and_o other_o of_o the_o same_o rank_n and_o as_o for_o the_o burrough_n though_o we_o have_v not_o the_o return_n of_o they_o leave_v we_o yet_o i_o suppose_v they_o be_v such_o wall_v or_o other_o town_n as_o be_v of_o some_o considerable_a note_n in_o england_n such_o as_o he_o think_v be_v most_o proper_a for_o his_o turn_n f._n that_o this_o can_v be_v no_o rule_n appear_v by_o this_o clear_a proof_n first_o that_o neither_o coventry_n and_o litchfield_n though_o the_o see_v of_o the_o bishop_n be_v not_o count_v city_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o nor_o long_v after_o nor_o yet_o ely_n for_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o list_n that_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v give_v we_o that_o it_o never_o send_v burgess_n but_o only_o once_o and_o that_o to_o a_o great_a council_n till_o of_o late_a year_n so_o that_o the_o see_v of_o the_o bishop_n be_v it_o seem_v no_o general_a rule_n to_o make_v place_n capable_a of_o send_v or_o not_o send_v of_o citizen_n to_o parliament_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o to_o burrough_n that_o be_v pure_a imagination_n that_o none_o but_o considerable_a or_o wall_a town_n send_v any_o burgess_n at_o first_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o list_n of_o return_n which_o mr._n pryn_n have_v here_o give_v we_o of_o the_o 26_o and_o 28_o of_o edward_n i._n which_o be_v the_o first_o extant_a for_o aught_o i_o know_v except_o those_o of_o 23d_o which_o i_o have_v never_o yet_o see_v beside_o the_o shire_n town_n of_o the_o county_n there_o be_v return_n of_o a_o great_a many_o small_a burrough_n which_o never_o have_v any_o wall_n nor_o yet_o for_o aught_o as_o we_o can_v find_v have_v any_o thing_n remarkable_a to_o make_v they_o be_v pircht_v upon_o to_o send_v burgess_n more_o than_o other_o but_o of_o these_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o by_o and_o by_o only_o shall_v remark_n this_o much_o that_o there_o must_v have_v have_v be_v some_o other_o rule_v beside_o montfort_v own_o will_n for_o all_o this_o and_o what_o this_o rule_n can_v be_v unless_o a_o ancient_a prescription_n in_o those_o town_n to_o send_v member_n i_o desire_v you_o or_o your_o dr._n will_v show_v any_o good_a reason_n or_o authority_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o after_o the_o 23d_o of_o edward_n the_o i._o when_o mr._n prin_fw-mi suppose_v that_o the_o sheriff_n by_o this_o general_a clause_n in_o the_o writ_n begin_v to_o take_v upon_o they_o this_o new_a authority_n of_o send_v precept_n to_o and_o make_v burrough_n of_o what_o town_n they_o please_v this_o can_v not_o in_o the_o first_o place_n extend_v to_o such_o as_o be_v before_o that_o county_n of_o themselves_o such_o as_o london_n york_z bristol_n etc._n etc._n nor_o yet_o such_o as_o be_v ancient_a and_o
in_o prison_n and_o the_o first_o act_n this_o king_n do_v after_o his_o restoration_n chronicle_n be_v to_o call_v a_o parliament_n which_o revoke_v all_o the_o former_a statute_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o 39_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 6_o the_o and_o 1_o st_z of_o edward_n the_o 4_o the_o and_o then_o entail_v the_o crown_n anew_o upon_o the_o issue_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o clarence_n who_o then_o take_v part_n with_o king_n henry_n against_o his_o own_o brother_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o king_n edward_n the_o 4_o the_o return_v again_o not_o long_o after_o into_o england_n and_o regain_n the_o crown_n from_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o the_o the_o say_a king_n be_v not_o only_o murder_v together_o with_o his_o son_n prince_n henry_n but_o in_o the_o next_o parliament_n be_v also_o attaint_v of_o treason_n with_o all_o other_o of_o his_o party_n and_o yet_o lot_n let_v you_o see_v that_o this_o very_a act_n be_v now_o null_a and_o void_a against_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o the_o and_o his_o son_n prince_n edward_n see_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n the_o 7_o the_o not_o print_v which_o because_o it_o be_v not_o common_o know_v sexti_fw-la i_o will_v read_v it_o almost_o verbatim_o the_o king_n our_o sovereign_n remember_v how_o against_o all_o rightwiseness_n honour_n nature_n and_o duty_n a_o inordinate_a seditious_a and_o slanderous_a act_n be_v make_v against_o the_o most_o famous_a prince_n of_o bless_a memory_n king_n henry_n the_o six_o his_o uncle_n at_o the_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminstey_n the_o four_o day_n of_o november_n the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o 4_o the_o late_o king_n of_o england_n whereby_o his_o say_a uncle_n contrary_a to_o the_o due_a allegiance_n and_o all_o due_a order_n be_v attaint_v of_o high_a treason_n wherefore_o our_o same_o sovereign_a lord_n by_o the_o advice_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o ordain_v enact_v and_o establish_v that_o the_o same_o act_n and_o all_o act_n of_o attainder_n forfailure_n or_o disablement_n make_v or_o have_v in_o the_o say_a parliament_n or_o else_o in_o any_o other_o parliament_n of_o the_o say_v late_a king_n edward_n against_o the_o say_v most_o bless_a prince_n king_n henry_n or_o against_o the_o right_n famous_a princess_n margaret_n late_a queen_n of_o england_n his_o wife_n or_o the_o right_n victorious_a prince_n edward_n late_a prince_n of_o wales_n son_n of_o the_o same_o bless_a prince_n k._n henry_n and_o margaret_n etc._n etc._n be_v void_a annul_v and_o repeal_v and_o of_o no_o force_n nor_o effect_n so_o that_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o act_n the_o title_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n be_v again_o declare_v to_o be_v good_a but_o to_o conclude_v i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o one_o mistake_v you_o have_v fall_v into_o by_o say_v that_o all_o proceed_n against_o king_n richard_n the_o 2_o d._n be_v repeal_v by_o that_o parliament_n of_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o 4_o the_o which_o be_v not_o so_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o deal_n of_o henry_n earl_n of_o derby_n as_o he_o be_v there_o call_v in_o imprison_v the_o say_a king_n and_o usurp_a the_o royal_a power_n be_v there_o express_o condemn_v and_o his_o murder_v of_o he_o say_v to_o be_v against_o god_n law_n and_o his_o own_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n as_o certain_o it_o be_v yet_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o say_a king_n richard_n by_o parliament_n be_v no_o way_n repeal_v by_o this_o act_n for_o then_o all_o the_o record_n thereof_o will_v have_v be_v quite_o cancel_v and_o take_v off_o the_o roll_n whereas_o they_o still_o remain_v to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n and_o you_o see_v by_o this_o act_n i_o now_o recite_v that_o the_o attainder_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o the_o be_v declare_v contrary_a to_o due_a allegiance_n and_o all_o due_a order_n and_o all_o forfeiture_n and_o disablement_n of_o the_o say_a king_n and_o prince_n be_v quite_o annul_v and_o make_v void_a m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v so_o stagger_v i_o with_o this_o act_n that_o i_o know_v not_o what_o to_o say_v to_o it_o but_o that_o it_o be_v make_v in_o the_o first_o parliament_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 7_o the_o and_o before_o he_o have_v marry_v the_o princess_n elizabeth_n and_o consequent_o have_v no_o good_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n himself_o therefore_o till_o then_o i_o look_v upon_o he_o as_o a_o usurper_n but_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o shâ—w_v you_o that_o that_o very_a king_n nay_o even_o richard_n the_o 3_o d._n himself_o chief_o rely_v not_o upon_o any_o parliamentary_a election_n but_o upon_o their_o own_o pretend_a title_n of_o be_v right_a heir_n by_o blood_n for_o after_o the_o death_n of_o edward_n the_o 4_o the_o his_o son_n edward_n the_o 5_o the_o be_v proclaim_v king_n and_o may_v have_v quiet_o enjoy_v it_o if_o his_o ambitious_a uncle_n richard_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n have_v not_o plot_v to_o defeat_v he_o of_o it_o and_o know_v very_o well_o that_o he_o have_v no_o way_n to_o bring_v it_o about_o but_o by_o incite_v a_o corrupt_a party_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n chronicle_n together_o with_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n and_o some_o of_o his_o party_n in_o the_o city_n to_o set_v forth_o by_o way_n of_o petition_n to_o the_o duke_n than_o protector_n of_o the_o king_n and_o realm_n that_o all_o the_o child_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o 4_o the_o be_v bastard_n suppose_v that_o king_n to_o have_v be_v contract_v with_o a_o certain_a woman_n call_v eleanor_n boteler_n before_o he_o marry_a queen_n elizabeth_n moreover_o that_o the_o blood_n of_o his_o elder_a brother_n george_n duke_n of_o clarence_n decease_v be_v attaint_v so_o that_o none_o of_o the_o lineal_a blood_n of_o richard_n duke_n of_o york_n can_v be_v find_v uncorrupted_a but_o in_o himself_o and_o there_o be_v at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o that_o roll_n a_o address_n to_o he_o from_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o he_o will_v take_v the_o government_n upon_o himself_o this_o fine_a artifice_n assist_v on_o one_o side_n with_o his_o feign_a excuse_n which_o induce_v the_o less_o think_v sort_n of_o people_n to_o believe_v he_o desire_v not_o the_o royalty_n and_o prompt_v on_o the_o other_o side_n with_o the_o fear_n of_o his_o power_n procure_v his_o accession_n to_o the_o throne_n so_o that_o at_o last_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n anne_n be_v solemn_o crown_v king_n and_o queen_n at_o westminster_n and_o by_o these_o step_n do_v that_o inhuman_a prince_n who_o have_v no_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n either_o by_o descent_n or_o by_o merit_n ascend_v the_o english_a throne_n see_v you_o that_o not_o by_o election_n but_o by_o pretence_n of_o blood_n and_o by_o bastardise_v and_o attaint_v his_o nephew_n he_o set_v himself_o up_o for_o the_o only_a true_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o parliament_n he_o call_v immediate_o after_o his_o coronation_n when_o they_o have_v declare_v almost_o the_o very_a same_o thing_n as_o be_v before_o in_o the_o say_a petition_n iii_o they_o proceed_v further_o to_o declare_v that_o the_o right_n title_n and_o estate_n which_o king_n richard_n the_o iii_o d_o have_v to_o and_o in_o the_o crown_n and_o royal_a dignity_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n with_o all_o thing_n thereunto_o within_o the_o say_a realm_n and_o without_o it_o annex_v and_o appertain_v be_v just_a and_o lawful_a as_o ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n and_o also_o upon_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o laudable_a custom_n of_o this_o say_a realm_n as_o also_o take_v and_o repute_v by_o all_o such_o person_n as_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o abovesaid_a law_n and_o custom_n and_o proceed_v far_a thus_o therefore_o at_o the_o request_n and_o by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n of_o this_o realm_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o of_o this_o land_n assemble_v in_o this_o present_a parliament_n and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o it_o be_v pronounce_v decree_v and_o declare_v that_o our_o say_a sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n be_v and_o be_v the_o very_a undoubted_a king_n of_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n with_o all_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v within_o the_o say_a realm_n and_o without_o it_o unite_z annex_v and_o appertain_v as_o well_o by_o right_a of_o consanguinity_n and_o inheritance_n as_o by_o lawful_a election_n consecration_n and_o coronation_n so_o that_o you_o see_v though_o they_o put_v in_o his_o election_n as_o also_o his_o coronation_n as_o mean_n of_o obtain_v the_o
of_o this_o divine_a power_n of_o adam_n but_o this_o i_o be_o sure_a of_o parent_n can_v never_o signify_v heir_n male_a or_o female_a much_o less_o a_o child_n who_o may_v sometime_o according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n happen_v to_o be_v heir_n but_o since_o i_o be_o get_v into_o this_o mistake_n i_o shall_v not_o leave_v my_o hold_n but_o shall_v make_v bold_a a_o little_a to_o argue_v our_o great_a grand_a mother_n title_n for_o indeed_o i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o her_o elder_a son_n for_o example_n shall_v have_v any_o right_a to_o govern_v his_o mother_n and_o all_o his_o brother_n and_o sister_n whilst_o she_o be_v alive_a for_o first_o if_o your_o argument_n from_o generation_n must_v be_v good_a that_o every_o man_n that_o be_v bear_v become_v a_o subject_n to_o he_o that_o beget_v he_o this_o argument_n will_v serve_v for_o eve_n as_o well_o as_o adam_n since_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v the_o mother_n have_v as_o great_a if_o not_o a_o great_a share_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o child_n than_o the_o father_n or_o second_o if_o you_o insist_v upon_o the_o divine_a grant_v you_o so_o much_o â—â—lked_v of_o last_o time_n of_o adam_n dominion_n over_o the_o creature_n in_o which_o his_o child_n be_v include_v i_o then_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o this_o grant_n be_v make_v as_o well_o to_o eve_n as_o adam_n and_o consequent_o thâ—_n either_o she_o must_v have_v thereby_o a_o equal_a right_n with_o he_o or_o at_o least_o after_o his_o decease_n to_o this_o dominion_n as_o a_o husband_n and_o wife_n when_o joint_a purchaser_n have_v to_o a_o estate_n at_o common_a law_n and_o last_o if_o the_o commandment_n of_o honour_n thy_o father_n and_o thy_o mother_n be_v then_o in_o force_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o express_a command_n from_o god_n and_o that_o by_o honour_v obey_v must_v be_v mean_v as_o most_o commentator_n agree_v than_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o after_o adam_n decease_n all_o eve_n son_n and_o descendant_n though_o never_o so_o remoâ—e_a be_v to_o have_v obey_v or_o be_v subject_n to_o she_o and_o not_o to_o her_o elder_a son_n unless_o you_o can_v show_v i_o that_o the_o salic_a law_n against_o the_o succession_n of_o woman_n be_v make_v by_o adam_n the_o first_o monarch_n which_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o prove_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o do_v not_o consider_v this_o difficulty_n for_o indeed_o it_o may_v never_o have_v happen_v since_o eve_n may_v have_v die_v before_o adam_n or_o if_o she_o do_v outlive_v he_o which_o be_v uncertain_a yet_o she_o be_v then_o very_o old_a and_o consequent_o beside_o the_o natural_a weakness_n of_o her_o sex_n uncapable_a or_o unfit_a for_o government_n and_o so_o may_v very_o well_o leave_v it_o to_o seth_n since_o cain_n the_o elder_a have_v by_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o brother_n and_o his_o fly_v away_o into_o another_o country_n forfeit_v his_o birthright_n and_o make_v himself_o uncapable_a of_o the_o succession_n f._n so_o then_o here_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n and_o a_o abdication_n of_o this_o divine_a right_n of_o succession_n in_o the_o very_a first_o descent_n whereas_o indeed_o i_o suppose_v that_o this_o divine_a right_o have_v be_v at_o least_o as_o unforfeitable_a as_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o very_a descent_n of_o which_o as_o our_o lawyer_n tell_v we_o purge_v all_o defect_n in_o the_o next_o heir_n though_o he_o have_v murder_v his_o father_n and_o elder_a brother_n too_o but_o i_o only_o show_v you_o the_o absurdity_n of_o this_o notion_n and_o shall_v not_o long_o insist_v upon_o it_o therefore_o pray_v procee_v m._n i_o can_v tell_v what_o may_v have_v be_v say_v if_o cain_n have_v come_v to_o claim_v his_o birthright_a but_o this_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o neither_o do_v or_o can_v come_v to_o do_v it_o since_o god_n condemn_v he_o to_o live_v in_o a_o strange_a country_n far_o from_o his_o brethren_n 17._o and_o we_o read_v that_o cain_n go_v out_o from_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o dwell_v in_o the_o land_n of_o nod_n on_o the_o east_n of_o eden_n and_o he_o build_v a_o city_n and_o call_v the_o name_n of_o it_o enoch_n after_o the_o name_n of_o his_o son_n enoch_n and_o there_o be_v four_o descent_n set_v down_o immediate_o of_o his_o family_n which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o prince_n of_o that_o city_n of_o cain_n race_n so_o that_o you_o see_v even_o in_o cain_n line_n the_o principality_n descend_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n f._n i_o confess_v cain_n child_n and_o grandchild_n be_v particular_o set_v down_o in_o scripture_n but_o that_o they_o be_v prince_n or_o monarch_n over_o their_o posterity_n or_o which_o way_n this_o city_n be_v govern_v after_o cain_n death_n whether_o by_o one_o or_o by_o all_o the_o son_n of_o cain_n be_v no_o where_o mention_v but_o i_o see_v some_o man_n can_v find_v even_o absolute_a monarchy_n in_o a_o text_n where_o the_o scripture_n mention_n no_o such_o thing_n and_o no_o wonder_n for_o the_o alchemist_n have_v find_v out_o likewise_o the_o invention_n of_o their_o elixir_n or_o philosopher_n stone_n in_o such_o text_n as_o you_o or_o i_o can_v see_v no_o such_o thing_n but_o to_o be_v more_o serious_a that_o a_o father_n shall_v be_v lord_n over_o his_o child_n and_o posterity_n i_o confess_v there_o may_v be_v some_o colour_n of_o reason_n though_o none_o cogent_a enough_o to_o make_v it_o out_o but_o that_o a_o elder_a brother_n have_v any_o natural_a or_o divine_a right_n to_o be_v lord_n over_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n i_o can_v find_v no_o ground_n for_o in_o reason_n even_o upon_o your_o own_o principle_n for_o if_o every_o man_n by_o his_o birth_n become_v the_o subject_n of_o he_o that_o beget_v he_o it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v that_o a_o man_n by_o his_o birth_n can_v become_v a_o subject_n to_o his_o brother_n who_o sure_a do_v not_o beget_v he_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v still_o insist_v upon_o that_o place_n in_o the_o four_o of_o genesis_n which_o you_o cite_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n when_o god_n tell_v cain_n speak_v as_o you_o suppose_v of_o his_o brother_n abel_n his_o desire_n shall_v be_v subject_a unto_o thou_o and_o thou_o shall_v rule_v over_o he_o from_o which_o word_n i_o then_o tell_v you_o i_o think_v a_o absolute_a subjection_n of_o abel_n and_o of_o all_o young_a brother_n whatsoever_o can_v not_o reasonable_o be_v infer_v for_o you_o may_v remember_v i_o show_v you_o that_o this_o promise_n by_o god_n to_o cain_n concern_v abel_n may_v be_v only_o personal_a and_o relate_v to_o abel_n only_o and_o not_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n much_o less_o all_o other_o young_a brother_n that_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o world_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n this_o rule_v may_v only_o have_v be_v by_o advice_n and_o persuasion_n and_o not_o by_o any_o authority_n or_o right_n of_o command_v he_o so_o that_o if_o this_o be_v the_o place_n as_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v from_o whence_o you_o will_v deduce_v your_o divine_a right_n of_o elder_a brother_n be_v monarch_n over_o the_o young_a in_o all_o hereditary_a monarchy_n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o i_o think_v it_o a_o very_a bold_a undertake_n to_o found_v a_o divine_a right_n upon_o such_o doubtful_a expression_n as_o these_o of_o god_n to_o cain_n m._n i_o confess_v i_o be_v now_o about_o again_o to_o urge_v this_o place_n to_o you_o for_o as_o i_o be_v not_o then_o well_o satisfy_v with_o your_o explanation_n of_o it_o which_o you_o now_o again_o repeat_v so_o upon_o second_o thought_n i_o be_o much_o more_o unsatisfied_a with_o your_o paraphrase_n upon_o they_o for_o you_o seem_v to_o i_o plain_o to_o pervert_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n 64._o and_o make_v they_o signify_v just_a nothing_o for_o sure_a when_o god_n speak_v the_o same_o word_n to_o eve_n concern_v adam_n as_o he_o do_v to_o cain_n concern_v abel_n can_v you_o conceive_v they_o be_v mean_v personal_o to_o eve_n only_o and_o concern_v no_o other_o wife_n that_o shall_v be_v after_o she_o or_o can_v you_o assign_v any_o reason_n why_o these_o word_n shall_v be_v rather_o mean_v personal_o in_o the_o last_o and_o not_o in_o the_o first_o case_n unless_o you_o will_v do_v it_o out_o of_o pure_a love_n to_o anarchy_n and_o confusion_n and_o if_o you_o say_v these_o word_n do_v not_o signify_v any_o despotic_a power_n but_o a_o ruling_n or_o govern_v by_o fair_a mean_n or_o persuasion_n this_o seem_v mere_a trifle_n with_o god_n word_n who_o say_v express_o thy_o brother_n desire_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o thou_o that_o be_v say_v you_o as_o far_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a and_o thou_o shall_v rule_v over_o he_o that_o be_v if_o
this_o question_n be_v sir_n will._n dugdale_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la juridiciales_fw-la who_o though_o he_o transcribe_v the_o same_o notion_n and_o argument_n from_o the_o 〈◊〉_d mention_a glossary_a 15._o yet_o allow_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v always_o after_o some_o manner_n represent_v in_o parliament_n though_o not_o by_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n yet_o agree_v with_o the_o author_n of_o the_o passage_n in_o the_o glossary_a that_o the_o commons_o first_o begin_v by_o rebellion_n in_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o opinion_n be_v look_n upon_o not_o only_o as_o novel_a and_o erroneous_a but_o dangerous_a to_o the_o parlamental_a right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v oppose_v by_o william_n petyt_n esq_n in_o his_o treatise_n entitle_v the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n assertio_fw-la which_o be_v also_o second_v by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o treatise_n call_v jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la facies_fw-la nova_fw-la but_o it_o be_v not_o long_o before_o both_o these_o book_n be_v animadvert_v upon_o by_o dr._n brady_n in_o two_o several_a edition_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o they_o and_o these_o be_v again_o vindicate_v by_o the_o author_n of_o jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o another_o treatise_n entitle_v jus_fw-la anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la which_o have_v not_o be_v yet_o answer_v i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o particular_a in_o give_v a_o account_n of_o these_o author_n because_o the_o controversy_n have_v be_v large_o debate_v in_o they_o i_o have_v for_o the_o save_v your_o trouble_n of_o read_v so_o many_o several_a book_n reduce_v all_o the_o material_a argument_n and_o authority_n man_n use_v of_o by_o both_o party_n in_o this_o weighty_a controversy_n into_o this_o dialogue_n and_o the_o next_o since_o so_o copious_a a_o argument_n can_v not_o be_v dispatch_v in_o a_o less_o compasâ—_n and_o 〈◊〉_d have_v not_o here_o give_v you_o all_o the_o argument_n and_o authority_n that_o be_v there_o make_v use_n of_o but_o only_o the_o most_o material_a and_o indisputable_a yet_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v use_v this_o liberty_n with_o that_o sincerity_n and_o respect_n to_o those_o learned_a author_n that_o none_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v any_o just_a caâ—â—t_n to_o complain_v of_o any_o partiality_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v confine_v myself_o to_o the_o word_n of_o those_o author_n as_o you_o will_v find_v by_o the_o quotation_n in_o the_o margin_n but_o i_o must_v own_v that_o have_v have_v the_o happiness_n of_o a_o long_a and_o familiar_a acquaintance_n with_o mr._n petyt_n i_o have_v be_v furnish_v by_o he_o with_o divers_a authority_n both_o manusâ—â—â—p_n and_o print_v not_o hitherto_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o any_o on_o this_o subject_a and_o have_v i_o the_o like_a opportunity_n of_o be_v personal_o know_v to_o the_o dr_n i_o shall_v have_v desire_v the_o same_o favour_n of_o 〈◊〉_d for_o such_o reply_v as_o he_o may_v perhaps_o make_v to_o they_o therefore_o all_o i_o can_v now_o do_v in_o this_o case_n be_v that_o if_o the_o dr._n or_o any_o friend_n of_o he_o shall_v think_v it_o worth_a their_o while_n to_o peruse_v and_o impartial_o to_o consider_v these_o discourse_n and_o shall_v then_o remain_v unsatisfied_a with_o any_o of_o the_o authority_n or_o argument_n here_o make_v use_n of_o if_o either_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v think_v fiâ—_n to_o mâ—â—â—_n any_o observation_n on_o they_o and_o will_v communicate_v their_o paper_n to_o the_o publisher_n of_o these_o dialogue_n i_o do_v here_o engage_v to_o take_v care_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v fair_o and_o true_o publish_v with_o answer_n to_o they_o if_o they_o will_v admit_v of_o any_o in_o a_o appendix_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n when_o it_o be_v finish_v i_o have_v little_o more_o to_o trouble_v you_o with_o than_o to_o assure_v you_o that_o all_o the_o authority_n here_o make_v use_n of_o from_o our_o english_a historian_n and_o record_n be_v true_o cite_v without_o leave_v out_o or_o conceal_v any_o thing_n that_o i_o think_v make_v for_o or_o against_o either_o opinion_n but_o as_o for_o the_o record_n they_o be_v either_o such_o as_o have_v be_v sufficient_o try_v have_v pass_v for_o current_n between_o the_o dr_n and_o his_o antagonist_n or_o else_o such_o as_o i_o have_v see_v and_o examine_v with_o my_o own_o eye_n and_o consider_v the_o purport_n of_o they_o but_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o seem_v too_o prolix_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o disâ—â—â—se_n in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o divers_a word_n and_o phrase_n use_v by_o the_o dr._n and_o his_o opponent_n in_o a_o quite_o different_a sense_n from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n record_n and_o statute_n for_o if_o the_o â—â—â—ous_a use_n and_o equivocal_a meaning_n of_o those_o expression_n be_v true_o state_v and_o lay_v open_a according_a to_o the_o several_a age_n in_o which_o those_o author_n live_v or_o such_o law_n be_v make_v i_o reckâ—â—_n this_o great_a dispute_n as_o good_a as_o half_o end_v all_o that_o i_o shall_v far_o desire_v of_o you_o be_v careful_o and_o diligent_o to_o peruse_v the_o argument_n and_o authority_n and_o to_o examine_v the_o truth_n of_o they_o yourself_o if_o you_o doubt_v of_o any_o thing_n in_o they_o weigh_v and_o compare_v historian_n with_o historian_n and_o record_v with_o record_n and_o sometime_o both_o together_o as_o the_o subject-matter_n require_v and_o then_o i_o keep_v you_o will_v be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o right_a and_o impartial_a judgement_n on_o the_o 〈◊〉_d for_o as_o i_o have_v 〈◊〉_d in_o my_o province_n fair_o to_o report_v other_o man_n argument_n and_o notion_n so_o it_o be_v you_o to_o judge_v of_o they_o which_o i_o hearty_o desire_n may_v be_v without_o any_o unjust_a bias_n or_o partiality_n to_o 〈◊〉_d side_n the_o six_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n and_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n m._n sir_n you_o be_v welcome_a and_o since_o you_o be_v please_v to_o send_v i_o word_n that_o you_o will_v come_v and_o sit_v with_o i_o this_o evening_n i_o have_v be_v look_v over_o all_o the_o saxon_a council_n collect_v by_o mr._n lambard_n and_o sir_n h._n spelman_n and_o yet_o i_o can_v find_v in_o they_o any_o mention_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o burgess_n for_o city_n or_o burrough_n the_o only_a person_n there_o mention_v as_o member_n of_o those_o great_a council_n be_v archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o great_a lord_n and_o judge_n often_o call_v by_o the_o general_a 〈◊〉_d name_n of_o magnates_n principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la optimates_fw-la or_o primate_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o be_v all_o comprehend_v under_o the_o saxon_a word_n wites_n i._n e._n 〈◊〉_d g._n by_o who_o as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n 〈◊〉_d mean_v only_a senator_n or_o wiseman_n that_o be_v either_o nobleman_n 〈◊〉_d great_a lawyer_n wite_v in_o somner_n saxon_a dictionary_n be_v first_o â—â—endred_v optimas_fw-la 67._o a_o noble_a man_n and_o than_o sapiens_fw-la a_o wiseman_n so_o 〈◊〉_d these_o wite_n or_o sapientes_fw-la so_o often_o mention_v in_o our_o ancient_a 〈◊〉_d law_n when_o they_o be_v put_v alone_o sparsim_fw-la signify_v all_o the_o ecclesiastic_a 〈◊〉_d well_o as_o lay-member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n such_o as_o earl_n aldermen_z and_o thanes_z and_o judges_z as_o dr._n b._n more_o particular_o prove_v in_o his_o glossary_a 〈◊〉_d the_o end_n of_o his_o first_o volume_n but_o by_o principes_fw-la and_o optimates_fw-la can_v only_o be_v mean_v noble_n or_o chief_a man_n as_o the_o word_n princeps_fw-la magnas_fw-la and_o optimas_fw-la do_v alâ—â—ys_n signify_v in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o of_o the_o king_n be_v great_a officer_n noblemen_z and_o judge_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o he_o please_v to_o choose_v out_o and_o 〈◊〉_d to_o his_o great_a council_n either_o for_o their_o great_a wisdom_n or_o estate_n to_o make_v 〈◊〉_d of_o their_o advice_n and_o assistance_n for_o the_o make_n of_o law_n therefore_o pray_v show_v i_o where_o there_o be_v any_o commons_o once_o mention_v in_o any_o of_o these_o council_n 10._o or_o any_o that_o represent_v they_o here_o be_v indeed_o particular_o mention_v arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n alderman_n wites_z great-man_n and_o chief-man_n or_o nobleman_n these_o be_v all_o the_o order_n of_o man_n that_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a 〈◊〉_d of_o those_o great_a council_n wittenagemotes_a and_o if_o the_o commons_o as_o now_o take_v and_o understand_v be_v then_o member_n of_o they_o they_o must_v be_v comprehend_v among_o the_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la the_o wiseman_n but_o that_o it_o can_v probable_o be_v so_o i_o shall_v prove_v 1_o that_o most_o of_o the_o saxon_a law_n in_o their_o preface_n be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v and_o ordain_v by_o their_o king_n
dispute_v the_o matter_n far_o with_o you_o concern_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la since_o i_o shall_v refer_v speak_v more_o about_o it_o till_o i_o come_v to_o the_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n and_o therefore_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n have_v you_o but_o read_v a_o little_a far_o in_o the_o same_o leaf_n in_o the_o author_n you_o have_v cite_v you_o may_v have_v find_v who_o they_o be_v who_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a call_v to_o this_o council_n the_o word_n be_v these_o edwardus_fw-la rex_fw-la synodum_fw-la praedictam_fw-la nobilium_fw-la anglorum_fw-la congregavit_fw-la cui_fw-la presidebat_fw-la plegmundus_n 7._o here_o your_o own_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o few_o word_n the_o meaning_n of_o a_o long_a title_n of_o this_o synod_n now_o mention_v viz._n that_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n fideles_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la be_v all_o nobiles_fw-la nobleman_n that_o be_v the_o ecclesiastic_n and_o lay_v or_o the_o bishop_n and_o lay-nobility_n as_o i_o shall_v make_v more_o evident_a hereafter_o and_o not_o the_o vulgus_fw-la commons_o or_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o to_o this_o effect_n malmsbury_n and_o the_o manuscript_n in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n cite_v by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n and_o mr._n somner_n from_o the_o treasury_n of_o the_o record_n and_o evidence_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n cite_v by_o sir_n h._n spelman_n do_v all_o report_n of_o this_o very_a council_n that_o edwardus_fw-la rex_fw-la congregavit_fw-la synodum_fw-la senatorum_fw-la gentis_fw-la angloâ—â—â—_n cui_fw-la prasidebat_fw-la plegmundus_n etc._n etc._n that_o king_n edward_n convene_v a_o synod_n of_o the_o senator_n in_o the_o saxon_a alderman_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n that_o be_v such_o as_o be_v usual_o call_v to_o such_o council_n which_o be_v only_o the_o noble_n and_o great_a man_n for_o aught_o yet_o appear_v from_o this_o instance_n but_o what_o if_o after_o all_o there_o be_v never_o any_o such_o synod_n call_v and_o consequent_o no_o such_o title_n to_o it_o for_o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v assemble_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o chide_a letter_n from_o pope_n formosus_fw-la now_o this_o formosus_fw-la die_v anno_fw-la 895._o that_o be_v ten_o year_n before_o this_o council_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v call_v f._n i_o see_v this_o authority_n gall_v you_o therefore_o i_o do_v not_o blame_v you_o to_o do_v what_o you_o can_v to_o be_v rid_v of_o it_o but_o i_o shall_v not_o give_v it_o up_o for_o all_o that_o for_o that_o this_o word_n populorum_fw-la then_o signify_v all_o the_o lay-person_n who_o be_v actual_o nobleman_n that_o be_v of_o the_o great_a nobility_n i_o think_v be_v a_o great_a mistake_n for_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v all_o these_o different_a word_n here_o heap_v together_o since_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la have_v donâ—_n as_o well_o alone_o in_o your_o sense_n and_o at_o once_o comprehend_v all_o those_o lordâ—_n or_o nobleman_n that_o you_o will_v only_o have_v to_o be_v there_o but_o the_o word_n nobiles_fw-la do_v not_o in_o those_o time_n neither_o do_v at_o this_o day_n in_o any_o other_o country_n but_o england_n signify_v none_o but_o great_a lord_n baron_n or_o peer_n since_o in_o germany_n and_o france_n and_o other_o country_n every_o private_a gentleman_n be_v nobilis_fw-la and_o i_o think_v the_o middle_a or_o less_o thanes_z may_v then_o as_o well_o be_v call_v nobiles_fw-la as_o the_o great_a one_o and_o the_o alderman_n or_o other_o magistrate_n of_o great_a city_n and_o town_n may_v also_o very_o well_o be_v style_v nobiles_fw-la ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la for_o the_o time_n they_o act_v in_o that_o employment_n and_o may_v also_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o senator_n as_o well_o as_o the_o great_a alderman_n or_o earl_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o lay-man_n but_o your_o great_a sort_n of_o alderman_n than_o what_o become_v of_o your_o chief_n or_o king_n thanes_z which_o you_o yourself_o grant_v be_v constant_a member_n of_o those_o council_n nor_o indeed_o do_v the_o word_n senator_n only_o signify_v such_o who_o be_v nobleman_n by_o birth_n since_o among_o the_o roman_n there_o be_v senator_n of_o the_o plebeian_n as_o well_o as_o patrician_n order_n as_o any_o man_n who_o have_v but_o read_v lucius_n florus_n may_v quick_o see_v but_o as_o for_o your_o exception_n that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o council_n because_o pope_n formosus_fw-la be_v say_v to_o have_v die_v ten_o year_n before_o this_o council_n be_v call_v it_o be_v a_o bold_a assertion_n to_o annihilate_v a_o whole_a council_n because_o of_o the_o mistake_n of_o the_o date_n or_o time_n of_o its_o meeting_n or_o perhaps_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o pope_n or_o king_n then_o reign_v especial_o when_o it_o be_v assemble_v upon_o so_o remarkable_a a_o occasion_n as_o the_o erect_n of_o these_o new_a bishopric_n which_o all_o our_o historian_n ascribe_v to_o this_o council_n but_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o another_o authority_n and_o that_o be_v to_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n hold_v at_o winchester_n anno_fw-la 853._o where_o you_o will_v find_v in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n 350._o as_o also_o in_o ingulphus_n history_n that_o after_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o other_o great_a man_n or_o thanes_z who_o subscribe_v to_o the_o law_n of_o tithe_n grant_v by_o way_n of_o charter_n there_o mention_v wherein_o these_o follow_a party_n be_v mention_v aliorumque_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la regium_fw-la chirographum_fw-la laudaverunt_fw-la dignitates_fw-la verò_fw-la sua_fw-la nomina_fw-la subscripserunt_fw-la and_o the_o learned_a commentator_n upon_o king_n alfred_n life_n publish_v in_o latin_a at_o oxford_n be_v so_o well_o satisfy_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v mean_v by_o this_o expression_n that_o he_o have_v this_o remarkable_a observation_n upon_o this_o king_n be_v grant_v of_o these_o tithe_n bis_z videtur_fw-la rex_fw-la decimas_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la concessisse_fw-la primum_fw-la anno_fw-la 844_o &_o 2_o vero_fw-la 855._o vel_fw-la ut_fw-la alii_fw-la 854_o è_fw-la tota_fw-la region_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la assensu_fw-la omnium_fw-la nobilium_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la populi_n where_o this_o author_n right_o suppose_v that_o the_o word_n at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o council_n do_v comprehend_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o nobleman_n or_o else_o this_o recite_v of_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la as_o distinct_a from_o the_o nobiles_fw-la have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a so_o that_o though_o i_o do_v not_o affirm_v that_o the_o mere_a vulgar_a or_o plebeian_n sort_n of_o people_n do_v appear_v personal_o in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n any_o more_o than_o they_o do_v now_o yet_o they_o be_v there_o by_o their_o representative_n viz._n either_o by_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o now_o or_o else_o the_o chief_a thanes_z or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o also_o by_o the_o alderman_n or_o chief_a burgess_n of_o great_a city_n and_o town_n who_o i_o suppose_v do_v then_o represent_v those_o politic_a body_n since_o all_o man_n can_v not_o appear_v there_o in_o person_n but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o another_o authority_n out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n viz._n archbishop_n parker_n british_n antiquity_n 87._o where_o when_o he_o relate_v the_o call_n of_o the_o council_n of_o calne_n for_o the_o turn_n of_o marry_a priest_n out_o of_o monastery_n and_o cathedral_n church_n and_o put_v monk_n into_o their_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o a_o remarkable_a accident_n that_o then_o happen_v viz._n the_o fall_v down_o of_o the_o room_n where_o the_o council_n be_v assemble_v so_o that_o there_o fall_v together_o all_o of_o a_o sudden_a pray_v take_v the_o word_n themselves_o out_o of_o the_o author_n there_o cite_v praesules_fw-la proceres_fw-la equites_fw-la nobiles_fw-la pariter_fw-la &_o ignobiles_fw-la corruerunt_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o be_v other_o sort_n of_o man_n present_a in_o this_o council_n beside_o the_o prasules_a i._n e._n bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o the_o proceres_fw-la i._n e._n the_o earl_n and_o chief_a thanes_z viz._n the_o knight_n or_o inferior_a thanes_z noblemen_z or_o gentleman_n as_o also_o ignobiles_fw-la those_o that_o be_v not_o noble_a by_o birth_n such_o as_o be_v the_o representative_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o of_o this_o opinion_n the_o archbishop_n himself_o seem_v to_o be_v for_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o relation_n he_o make_v this_o remark_n sed_fw-la nec_fw-la huius_fw-la domus_fw-la in_o quâ—_n 〈◊〉_d ordinum_fw-la tam_fw-la conspicui_fw-la clarique_fw-la viri_fw-la consulto_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la tam_fw-la repentina_fw-la ruiâ—â—â—pe_fw-la diabolica_fw-la career_n potuit_fw-la where_o by_o omnium_fw-la ordinum_fw-la he_o must_v certain_o mean_v the_o three_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o the_o word_n ordines_fw-la be_v use_v by_o camden_n and_o other_o latin_a writer_n who_o call_v our_o parliament_n conventus_fw-la ordinum_fw-la that_o
call_v catalogus_fw-la gloriae_fw-la mundi_fw-la write_v on_o this_o subject_n where_o in_o his_o 8_o the_o part_n consid_n 18._o he_o have_v this_o among_o other_o comment_n on_o the_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la etiam_fw-la causatur_fw-la ex_fw-la loco_fw-la quoniam_fw-la civis_fw-la ex_fw-la urbe_fw-la splendida_fw-la oriundus_fw-la nobilis_fw-la est_fw-la for_o which_o he_o there_o give_v many_o authority_n and_o this_o title_n he_o look_v upon_o as_o due_a also_o to_o country_n gentleman_n live_v upon_o the_o husbandry_n of_o their_o own_o estate_n or_o annual_a rent_n and_o that_o by_o the_o word_n magnate_v be_v often_o understand_v the_o knight_n of_o shire_n common_o call_v in_o old_a french_a grantz_n des_fw-fr countees_n i_o can_v give_v you_o sufficient_a authority_n now_o this_o word_n magnates_n be_v always_o render_v in_o our_o old_a french_a by_o grantz_n 95._o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o rot._n claus._n 3_o e._n 2._o in_o 16._o dorso_fw-la you_o will_v find_v this_o title_n inhibitio_fw-la ne_fw-la qui_fw-la magnates_fw-la viz._n come_v baro_n miles_n 〈◊〉_d abqua_fw-la alia_fw-la notabilis_fw-la persona_fw-la transeat_fw-la ad_fw-la part_n transmarinas_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o word_n magnates_n be_v apply_v to_o knight_n at_o least_o as_o well_o as_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o among_o the_o common_a writ_n of_o michaelmas_n term_n anno_fw-la 34_o edw._n i._o in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o remembrancer_n of_o the_o treasury_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o baron_n of_o cinque-port_n be_v call_v magnate_v so_o also_o in_o the_o statute_n 25_o e._n 3._o de_fw-la servientibus_fw-la it_o be_v there_o enact_v per_fw-la assent_n de_fw-fr les_fw-fr ditz_fw-fr prelatz_n countess_n 〈◊〉_d &_o autres_fw-fr grandes_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr communalte_n illonques_fw-la assemblez_fw-fr also_o in_o the_o statute-book_n print_v in_o french_a in_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o staple_n 27_o e._n 3._o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v express_o call_v grantz_n des_fw-fr counties_n and_o last_o as_o for_o the_o word_n optimates_fw-la which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o superlative_a optimus_fw-la it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o man_n in_o any_o commonwealth_n or_o city_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n 189._o william_n of_o malmesbury_n in_o his_o history_n speak_v of_o the_o rich_a citizen_n of_o london_n have_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n londinenses_n qui_fw-la pro_fw-la magnitudine_fw-la civitatis_fw-la optimates_fw-la sunt_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_a knight_n but_o also_o such_o citizen_n as_o be_v remarkable_a and_o eminent_a for_o their_o estate_n or_o office_n in_o city_n have_v the_o appellation_n of_o magnates_n appear_v from_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n book_n 64._o keep_v in_o the_o archive_v of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n where_o in_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1229._o be_v the_o 13_o the_o of_o hen._n 3._o a_o act_n of_o common_a council_n be_v make_v per_fw-la omnes_fw-la aldermanâ—aes_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la civitatis_fw-la per_fw-la assensum_fw-la universorum_a civium_fw-la quod_fw-la nullo_n tempore_fw-la â—ermitterent_fw-la aliquem_fw-la vicecomitem_fw-la admitti_fw-la in_o vicecomitem_fw-la per_fw-la duos_fw-la annos_fw-la continuos_fw-la sicut_fw-la 〈◊〉_d extiterant_fw-la so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o book_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1244._o 29._o h._n 3._o mention_n be_v there_o make_v of_o a_o dissension_n that_o then_o arise_v about_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o sheriff_n and_o the_o book_n say_v that_o quidam_fw-la de_fw-la vulgo_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la nichol._n bat._n per_fw-la assensum_fw-la majoris_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la adam_n de_fw-fr â—ently_fw-mi i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o of_o a_o like_a nature_n but_o i_o will_v not_o tire_v you_o but_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o eminent_a citizen_n of_o york_n and_o other_o city_n be_v call_v magnate_v in_o those_o time_n from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o not_o only_a knight_n of_o shirâ—_n be_v style_v magnate_v but_o also_o the_o representative_n for_o the_o city_n be_v often_o style_v proceres_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o nobiles_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a roll_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o other_o public_a write_n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o be_v thus_o long_o but_o i_o can_v not_o make_v a_o end_n soon_o and_o prove_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o these_o word_n in_o question_n from_o ancient_a historian_n act_n of_o parliament_n and_o record_n by_o which_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v be_v satisfy_v how_o unsafe_a it_o be_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o general_a and_o various_a expression_n of_o our_o english_a historian_n especial_o as_o understand_v by_o those_o of_o yoâ—â—_n opinion_n since_o if_o we_o shall_v depend_v upon_o they_o alone_o the_o commons_o will_v not_o oftentimes_o be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o parliament_n even_o when_o the_o record_n themselves_o express_o prove_v they_o be_v there_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v make_v i_o think_v more_o on_o this_o subject_a than_o perhaps_o otherwise_o i_o shall_v have_v do_v yet_o i_o must_v observe_v that_o most_o of_o the_o quotation_n you_o have_v make_v use_n of_o concern_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o nobiles_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v from_o author_n who_o write_v after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o 〈◊〉_d the_o commons_o as_o now_o represent_v to_o have_v be_v constant_o summon_v to_o parliament_n so_o that_o they_o may_v very_o well_o through_o haste_n or_o inadvertency_n confound_v they_o with_o the_o earl_n and_o lord_n and_o so_o style_v they_o by_o the_o same_o title_n for_o i_o will_v prove_v to_o you_o before_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o discourse_n by_o undeniable_a record_n that_o by_o the_o word_n magnate_v and_o proceres_fw-la be_v understand_v the_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n as_o distinguish_v from_o the_o commons_o but_o i_o think_v i_o can_v sufficient_o prove_v from_o mat._n paris_n and_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o our_o first_o norman_n king_n as_o also_o from_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n that_o by_o the_o word_n bartneâ—_n iâ—_n mean_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v there_o only_o mention_v to_o haâ—_n constant_o appear_v in_o parliament_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o e._n 1._o the_o great_a and_o less_o â—â—â—ons_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la together_o with_o those_o of_o high_a degree_n viz._n the_o earl_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v the_o only_a person_n who_o represent_v the_o whoâ—e_a body_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d evident_a and_o clear_a that_o i_o can_v quit_v this_o opinion_n without_o you_o can_v show_v 〈◊〉_d better_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a than_o hitherto_o you_o have_v do_v f._n i_o see_v nothing_o will_v satisfy_v those_o who_o have_v once_o receive_v a_o prejudice_n 〈◊〉_d otherwise_o i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v prove_v sufficient_o from_o that_o clause_n in_o magna_n chartâ—_n i_o have_v mention_v that_o other_o person_n be_v there_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 〈◊〉_d beside_o your_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o use_n of_o 〈◊〉_d word_n you_o mention_v in_o historian_n after_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o nothing_o can_v be_v a_o plain_a proof_n for_o i_o for_o if_o those_o historian_n do_v comprehend_v the_o common_a under_o those_o general_a word_n or_o phrase_n we_o have_v be_v now_o dispute_v about_o i_o deâ—sire_v to_o know_v why_o they_o may_v not_o have_v be_v likewise_o comprehend_v under_o thâ—_n same_o term_n by_o mat._n paris_n and_o those_o other_o historian_n who_o write_v other_o historieâ—_n from_o the_o norman_a conquest_n to_o his_o time_n and_o why_o thy_o might_n not_o have_v then_o conâ—founded_v the_o commons_o with_o the_o lord_n as_o well_o as_o they_o do_v afterward_o but_o since_o i_o see_v you_o insist_v so_o much_o upon_o your_o barones_n and_o tenentes_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la who_o you_o wiâ—_n have_v alone_o to_o constitute_v the_o baronagium_n or_o the_o communitas_fw-la or_o universitas_fw-la barâ—â—gii_fw-la angliae_fw-la pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o a_o plain_a question_n be_v your_o lessâ—_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o barones_n minores_fw-la lord_n or_o peer_n of_o parliament_n or_o be_v they_o commoner_n only_o m._n to_o give_v you_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n cap._n 5._o 708._o he_o suppose_v that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n to_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n john_n every_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o tenure_n of_o land_n he_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v indifferent_o a_o honorary_a or_o parliamentary_a baron_n but_o that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o king_n john_n time_n some_o only_a that_o be_v most_o eminent_a of_o those_o tenant_n sometime_o style_v barones_n majores_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v summon_v by_o several_a writ_n direct_v to_o they_o as_o
have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a parliament_n as_o well_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a as_o commons_o be_v both_o before_o and_o after_o this_o time_n comprehend_v under_o these_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o if_o you_o yet_o doubt_v of_o it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o plain_a authority_n out_o of_o walsingham_n for_o it_o be_v in_o his_o life_n of_o edw._n ii_o anno_fw-la 1327._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o king_n deposition_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o the_o queen_n and_o prince_n come_v to_o london_n there_o then_o meet_v tota_n regni_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la to_o depose_v the_o king_n and_o choose_v his_o son_n in_o his_o stead_n and_o then_o there_o be_v send_v to_o the_o king_n be_v prisoner_n in_o kenelworth_n castle_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n two_o bishop_n two_o earl_n two_o abbot_n and_o of_o every_o county_n three_o knight_n and_o also_o from_o london_n and_o other_o city_n and_o great_a town_n especial_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n a_o certain_a number_n of_o person_n who_o inform_v he_o of_o the_o election_n of_o his_o son_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v the_o crown_n and_o royal_a dignity_n etc._n etc._n this_o proof_n be_v so_o plain_a it_o need_v no_o comment_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n the_o strength_n of_o it_o chief_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o tax_n there_o mention_v be_v say_v to_o be_v grant_v à _fw-la militibus_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o of_o three_o mark_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o scutage_n be_v not_o scutage_n service_n but_o a_o general_a land_n tax_n or_o manner_n of_o tax_v according_a to_o knight_n fee_n and_o which_o be_v continue_v long_o after_o hen._n iii_o reign_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o passage_n in_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n scutagium_fw-la edwardus_fw-la 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also_o the_o omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la only_o to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o england_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free_a tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o military_a or_o knight_n service_n because_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n whereas_o you_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v that_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v grant_v to_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n who_o have_v all_o a_o benefit_n by_o it_o and_o who_o pay_v towards_o the_o aid_n there_o grant_v as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o if_o knight_n fee_n alone_o be_v tax_v and_o that_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v by_o what_o right_a all_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n and_o by_o burgoge_n oâ—_n sâ—occage_n tenure_n who_o make_v a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n can_v pay_v this_o scutage_n since_o they_o hold_v not_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o by_o certain_a rent_n or_o other_o service_n and_o so_o not_o appear_v in_o person_n can_v have_v no_o representative_n in_o this_o or_o any_o other_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o may_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o value_n that_o knight_n fee_n be_v then_o reckon_v at_o viz._n for_o every_o 20_o l._n a_o year_n estate_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o this_o can_v be_v call_v scutage_n or_o how_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o other_o lord_n from_o who_o they_o hold_v those_o land_n can_v give_v away_o their_o money_n for_o they_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o desire_v also_o to_o know_v how_o all_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n can_v be_v charge_v with_o this_o tax_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o be_v you_o yourself_o grant_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o bishop_n abbot_n or_o other_o mesâ—e_a lord_n by_o soccage_n or_o bargage_v tenure_n so_o that_o this_o tax_n if_o grant_v only_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n can_v reach_v they_o and_o no_o other_o person_n but_o if_o by_o this_o word_n a_o militibus_fw-la may_v be_v understand_v knight_n of_o shire_n than_o the_o tax_n be_v general_a as_o well_o upon_o soccage_n tenant_n as_o those_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o for_o the_o other_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o viz._n the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la which_o you_o translate_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n if_o that_o have_v be_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n than_o they_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a since_o you_o have_v already_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o â—â—lites_n be_v so_o call_v non_fw-la a_o militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o feodo_fw-la and_o if_o it_o be_v no_o name_n of_o dignity_n then_o certain_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la will_v have_v serve_v to_o comprehend_v all_o your_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o any_o other_o addition_n but_o that_o these_o word_n laberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la do_v not_o here_o signify_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n pray_v see_v sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la where_o he_o there_o give_v we_o a_o more_o general_a signification_n of_o theseword_n thus_o ad_fw-la nobilesolim_n spectabant_fw-la isti_fw-la 〈◊〉_d à _fw-la majoribus_fw-la ortos_fw-la omnino_fw-la liberis_fw-la and_o then_o end_v thus_o vide_fw-la ingenuus_n legalis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d francus_n tenens_fw-la liberè_fw-la alius_fw-la libre_fw-la tenent_n quo_fw-la etiam_fw-la sensu_fw-la occurrit_fw-la interdum_fw-la homo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d which_o upon_o every_o one_o of_o these_o title_n he_o make_v to_o signify_v all_o one_o use_v the_o same_o thing_n viz._n a_o ordinary_a freeholder_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o very_a force_a interpretation_n of_o you_o to_o limit_v these_o word_n communitas_fw-la populi_n only_o to_o the_o community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o i_o confess_v you_o be_v very_o kind_a in_o one_o main_a point_n in_o únderstand_v the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n to_o mean_v the_o community_n of_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v no_o baron_n and_o then_o do_v what_o you_o can_v these_o word_n must_v here_o signify_v mere_a commoner_n or_o commons_o unless_o you_o can_v show_v we_o a_o three_o sort_v of_o man_n who_o though_o neither_o lord_n nor_o commons_o yet_o have_v a_o place_n in_o parliament_n so_o that_o these_o gentleman_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n be_v no_o more_o noble_a than_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n or_o vavafor_n themselves_o my_o than_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o then_o grant_v as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n have_v then_o also_o their_o representative_n there_o i_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v not_o 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tenuit_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n
that_o king_n last_o mention_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la 〈◊〉_d regni_fw-la yet_o there_o be_v likewise_o no_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o knight_n and_o citizen_n 〈◊〉_d burgess_n f._n before_o i_o answer_v this_o main_a argument_n of_o you_o which_o i_o free_o grant_v carry_v the_o great_a show_n of_o probability_n of_o any_o you_o have_v yet_o bring_v give_v i_o â—â—â—ve_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o think_v you_o be_v very_o much_o out_o in_o your_o first_o conclusion_n that_o before_o this_o charter_n the_o king_n exercise_v a_o royal_a prerogative_n of_o impose_v tax_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o parliament_n for_o if_o you_o mean_v that_o this_o exaction_n be_v exercise_v de_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o you_o will_v make_v it_o a_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n i_o grant_v this_o be_v true_a not_o only_o before_o but_o after_o this_o charter_n before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v but_o if_o you_o 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of_o coventry_n where_o by_o proceres_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o same_o order_n of_o man_n as_o by_o magnates_n &_o populus_fw-la in_o mat._n paris_n so_o that_o it_o be_v with_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n with_o who_o the_o king_n have_v this_o large_a or_o more_o diffusive_a treaty_n as_o this_o author_n word_n it_o f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v now_o put_v a_o very_a fair_a gloss_n upon_o these_o place_n i_o have_v now_o make_v use_n of_o but_o it_o be_v a_o hundred_o pity_n that_o such_o a_o fine_a hypothesis_n shall_v have_v no_o better_a proof_n than_o your_o bare_a surmise_n to_o support_v it_o for_o that_o be_v all_o the_o authority_n that_o i_o can_v see_v you_o bring_v for_o your_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la for_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o not_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n but_o i_o see_v no_o good_a authority_n as_o yet_o bring_v by_o you_o to_o prove_v it_o except_o that_o clause_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o if_o as_o i_o have_v late_o show_v you_o it_o will_v beat_v a_o quite_o different_a interpretation_n all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v upon_o that_o head_n will_v signify_v nothing_o therefore_o as_o for_o the_o main_a argument_n you_o raise_v from_o the_o word_n infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la nobiâ—ium_fw-la in_o mat._n paris_n that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v the_o knight_n of_o shire_n together_o with_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n because_o they_o can_v not_o be_v such_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n as_o this_o author_n here_o mention_n to_o have_v i_o at_o london_n as_o also_o because_o of_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o summons_n if_o these_o be_v material_a objection_n against_o our_o opinion_n so_o it_o will_v be_v likewise_o against_o you_o for_o how_o can_v this_o be_v a_o great_a council_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o express_o provide_v for_o forty_o day_n summon_v for_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o come_v to_o this_o assembly_n and_o if_o so_o be_v this_o usage_n be_v break_v at_o this_o time_n upon_o some_o urgent_a occasion_n in_o respect_n of_o they_o it_o may_v be_v so_o also_o as_o to_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n may_v be_v choose_v at_o the_o next_o country-court_n and_o their_o name_n return_v immediate_o before_o or_o together_o with_o their_o meeting_n at_o london_n and_o as_o to_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n it_o be_v yet_o more_o easy_a for_o they_o to_o be_v choose_v and_o return_v in_o three_o week_n time_n since_o every_o body_n know_v the_o city_n may_v have_v call_v common_a council_n and_o the_o town_n and_o burrough_n by_o the_o notice_n of_o their_o proper_a officer_n to_o who_o the_o writ_n be_v deliver_v may_v have_v assemble_v at_o their_o common_a hall_n or_o town-house_n immediate_o upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o these_o together_o with_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n join_v with_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la make_v up_o the_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la mention_v by_o mat._n paria_fw-la but_o your_o main_a objection_n i_o confess_v be_v behind_o how_o these_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o here_o call_v infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la can_v be_v the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o number_n can_v not_o be_v at_o that_o time_n above_o 500_o person_n as_o for_o this_o pray_v consider_v if_o the_o difficulty_n will_v not_o bear_v as_o hard_o upon_o you_o for_o if_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la make_v such_o a_o vaft_n multitude_n all_o those_o difficulty_n will_v arise_v that_o you_o press_v i_o with_o upon_o my_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o all_o the_o chief_a freeholders_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n in_o england_n in_o parliament_n before_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v introduce_v in_o the_o room_n of_o they_o viz._n how_o it_o 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inferior_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n under_o the_o degree_n of_o lord_n as_o well_o as_o the_o superior_a and_o if_o so_o why_o not_o all_o the_o considerable_a measu_fw-la tenant_n of_o those_o tenant_n so_o that_o you_o have_v hitherto_o bring_v no_o proof_n but_o your_o bare_a assertion_n that_o under_o this_o infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la nobilium_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v only_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o either_o this_o author_n speak_v hyperbolical_o or_o else_o all_o the_o chief_a gentry_n of_o england_n of_o whatsoever_o tenure_n may_v have_v appear_v at_o this_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a assembly_n so_o that_o you_o be_v under_o this_o dilemma_n either_o this_o curia_fw-la which_o you_o confess_v meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it be_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o it_o be_v not_o if_o it_o be_v not_o then_o there_o be_v some_o other_o great_a council_n beside_o that_o but_o if_o it_o be_v than_o it_o will_v plain_o follow_v though_o you_o do_v all_o you_o can_v to_o mince_v the_o matter_n that_o this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o parliament_n meet_v of_o course_n by_o ancient_a custom_n three_o time_n in_o the_o year_n without_o any_o summons_n at_o all_o from_o the_o king_n which_o if_o i_o shall_v have_v affirm_v you_o will_v have_v call_v it_o a_o commonwealth_n notion_n since_o nothing_o can_v be_v a_o great_a proof_n that_o this_o assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o parliament_n do_v not_o upon_o your_o hypothesis_n immediate_o depend_v on_o the_o king_n writ_n of_o summons_n for_o their_o assemble_v and_o act_v when_o meet_v m._n well_o since_o you_o can_v bring_v no_o direct_a proof_n that_o these_o be_v any_o other_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o meet_v at_o this_o great_a council_n i_o have_v still_o more_o reason_n to_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v be_v so_o than_o you_o can_v do_v for_o the_o conorary_a opinion_n therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o if_o you_o can_v some_o clear_a and_o late_a proof_n for_o this_o difference_n between_o the_o two_o council_n f._n i_o shall_v comply_v with_o your_o desire_n and_o in_o order_n to_o it_o shall_v conclude_v with_o two_o or_o three_o of_o those_o very_a authority_n the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n where_o he_o give_v we_o this_o passage_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n in_o the_o 2â—â—th_n of_o hen._n 3._o which_o plain_o prove_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o common_a university_n 1244_o or_o sole_a rep._n esentative_a of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n â—_o pray_v read_v it_o eâ—â—â—_n in_o anno_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la regis_fw-la summonitione_fw-la convocati_fw-la londinum_n magnates_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la arciâ—pisâ—ori_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n in_o quo_fw-la concilio_n portis_fw-la rex_fw-la oâ—e_fw-la proprio_fw-la in_o presentia_fw-la magnatum_fw-la i._n e._n of_o all_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v in_o refectorio_fw-la westmonasteriensi_fw-la axilium_fw-la sieri_fw-la pecuniare_fw-la cui_fw-la fuit_fw-la responsum_fw-la quâ—d_fw-la super_fw-la â—oc_fw-la tractarent_fw-la â—recedentesque_fw-la magnates_fw-la de_fw-fr râ—fectorio_n convenerunt_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la â—â—_o episcopi_fw-la abbates_n &_o priores_fw-la seorsim_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la superque_fw-la hoc_fw-la diligenter_fw-la tractaturi_fw-la â—andâ—m_fw-la requisiti_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la eorum_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n si_fw-la vellent_fw-la illis_fw-la unanimiter_fw-la conâ—entire_fw-la in_o responsione_n &_o previsione_n super_fw-la hiâ—_n facienda_fw-la qui_fw-la responderunt_fw-la scâ—licet_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n quod_fw-la sine_fw-la communi_fw-la universitate_fw-la nihil_fw-la facerent_fw-la ture_fw-fr de_fw-fr communi_fw-la dissâ—nsu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parie_fw-la cleri_fw-la electus_n cant._n etc._n etc._n now_o i_o think_v here_o be_v as_o manifest_v a_o distinction_n as_o need_v to_o be_v between_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o 208._o as_o member_n
citizen_n of_o london_n be_v the_o assensu_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la pardon_v all_o homicide_n 29._o the_o very_a like_o word_n be_v also_o use_v in_o the_o same_o roll_n in_o the_o act_n of_o pardon_n grant_v to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n i_o shall_v trouble_v you_o but_o with_o one_o more_o in_o this_o king_n reign_n but_o it_o be_v so_o remarkable_a i_o can_v omit_v it_o of_o the_o 34_o the_o of_o this_o king_n and_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o old_a edition_n of_o statute_n print_v in_o french_a the_o title_n begin_v thus_o ceux_fw-fr sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr choses_fw-fr queux_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr prelate_n signior_n &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la ount_n ordain_v &_o establéâ—s_v to_o conclude_v with_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o the_o like_a expression_n be_v find_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 5_o the_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o where_o the_o statute_n begin_v thus_o 21._o pur_fw-mi commune_fw-la prosit_fw-la du_fw-fr royalme_n d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr cient_a faiâ—es_fw-fr per_fw-la nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr prelate_n signior_n &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr le_fw-fr royalme_a esteante_n en_fw-fr cest_fw-fr parliament_n from_o the_o title_n to_o which_o two_o last_a statute_n i_o pray_v observe_v that_o the_o word_n le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v not_o only_o use_v for_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o fâ—rmer_a king_n reign_v but_o also_o that_o these_o statute_n be_v make_v by_o the_o joint_n assent_v of_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o roll_n be_v recite_v concordiae_fw-la sive_fw-la ordinationes_fw-la factae_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la assâ—â—su_fw-la regis_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o magnatum_fw-la &_o communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la which_o i_o give_v you_o to_o show_v that_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la &_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la always_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o our_o statute_n and_o record_n viz._n the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v different_a from_o your_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n and_o if_o they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o this_o sense_n after_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o i_o will_v be_v glad_a if_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o understand_v aâ—_n along_o before_o that_o time_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o only_a m._n though_o i_o grant_v that_o these_o word_n you_o mention_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o commons_o as_o now_o take_v in_o many_o record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n after_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o therefore_o you_o need_v not_o to_o have_v take_v the_o paâ—ns_n to_o have_v go_v beyond_o that_o time_n yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o very_o good_a authority_n that_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la which_o i_o grant_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la in_o french_a though_o put_v after_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n do_v not_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n in_o general_a but_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o or_o at_o least_o the_o community_n of_o all_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n and_o that_o as_o low_o as_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o but_o for_o proof_n of_o thiâ—_n i_o pray_v peruâ—e_v this_o writ_n which_o the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n rex_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la 1._o abbatibus_fw-la priotibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliâ—s_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la cantiae_fw-la salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quâ—d_fw-la cum_fw-la pâ—â—mo_fw-la die_v junii_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la decimo_fw-la octavo_fw-la praelati_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o caeteri_fw-la magnâ—tes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la concorditer_fw-la pâ—o_fw-la se_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la nostro_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesse_n unt_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la solidos_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la in_o dicto_fw-la regno_fw-la in_o auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la primogenitam_fw-la filiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la mariâ—andam_fw-la etc._n etc._n cujus_fw-la quidem_fw-la auxilii_fw-la levationi_fw-la faciendae_fw-la pro_fw-la dictae_fw-la communitatis_fw-la aisimento_fw-la hucusque_fw-la supersedimus_fw-la gratioâ—è_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o this_o record_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o such_o as_o pâ—id_v scutage_n that_o be_v forty_o shilling_n for_o a_o knight_n fee_n be_v then_o the_o tota_fw-la regni_fw-la communitas_fw-la and_o no_o other_o and_o of_o these_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la grant_v and_o pay_v it_o first_o for_o themselves_o and_o tenant_n and_o then_o their_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o king_n precept_n pay_v it_o to_o they_o again_o for_o so_o many_o fee_n as_o they_o hold_v of_o they_o so_o that_o this_o tax_n be_v raise_v whole_o upon_o knight_n fee_n must_v be_v grant_v only_o by_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n but_o further_a that_o the_o communalte_n de_fw-fr royaume_n the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o represent_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v still_o so_o continue_v as_o above_o mention_v till_o almost_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o reign_n be_v as_o clear_o prove_v by_o this_o record_n of_o that_o king_n rex_fw-la dilectis_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la â—uis_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la wygorniae_fw-la â—homae_fw-la bâ—ttâ—ler_fw-fr de_fw-fr upton_n supeâ—â—abrinam_fw-la 37._o militi_fw-la &_o thomae_fw-la cassy_n de_fw-fr wych_n salutem_fw-la â—â—â—atis_fw-la quod_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la nostro_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la lunae_fw-la proximo_fw-la post_fw-la vestum_fw-la nativitatis_fw-la beatae_fw-la mariae_fw-la virgin_n proximo_fw-la praeteritum_fw-la tento_fw-la praelati_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o magnates_n de_fw-fr regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n pâ—o_fw-la se_fw-la &_o to_o a_o communita_fw-la e_fw-la ejaâ—dem_fw-la regni_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesseâ—unt_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la solidos_fw-la de_fw-la singulâ—s_fw-la â—eodiâ—_n militum_fw-la in_o diâ—â—â—_n regno_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o england_n in_o this_o record_n be_v military_a man_n such_o as_o hold_v knight_n fee_n or_o part_n of_o knight_n fee_n and_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n and_o they_o be_v neither_o the_o ordinary_a freeman_n or_o freeholders_n nor_o the_o multitude_n nor_o rabble_n f._n i_o pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o argument_n from_o these_o record_n as_o you_o â—ut_v they_o lest_o i_o forget_v what_o you_o have_v say_v in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o to_o this_o record_n of_o the_o 30_o of_o edw._n i._n which_o relate_v to_o a_o tax_n give_v in_o the_o 18_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o recite_v a_o aid_n of_o 40_o s._n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v give_v by_o the_o bishop_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o magnates_n or_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o full_a parliament_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n thereof_o to_o marry_v the_o king_n daughter_n and_o which_o subsidy_n he_o have_v defer_v to_o levy_v till_o now_o and_o therefore_o because_o this_o be_v a_o tax_n grant_v only_o upon_o knight_n fee_n that_o those_o only_o who_o pay_v this_o scutage_n be_v then_o the_o communitas_fw-la or_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v no_o argument_n at_o all_o since_o from_o this_o we_o may_v plain_o collect_v the_o clean_a contrary_n for_o if_o none_o have_v be_v to_o pay_v to_o this_o tax_n but_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o the_o king_n will_v have_v have_v no_o need_n to_o have_v have_v it_o grant_v in_o parliament_n since_o by_o the_o 14_o article_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n he_o may_v have_v tax_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o knight_n of_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o the_o marriage_n of_o his_o elder_a daughter_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n and_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v bring_v to_o prove_v it_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v also_o by_o the_o like_a reason_n have_v make_v their_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n have_v contribute_v to_o this_o tax_n which_o yet_o you_o see_v they_o can_v not_o do_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o this_o aid_n or_o subsidy_n be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n must_v needs_o extend_v to_o all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o do_v not_o for_o it_o be_v not_o here_o say_v as_o in_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o sussex_n qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o then_o the_o word_n pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o â—ota_fw-la
will_v not_o affirm_v but_o lest_o i_o tire_v you_o as_o well_o as_o myself_o in_o dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o thing_n so_o plain_a and_o obvious_a be_v not_o they_o by_o too_o much_o industry_n render_v obscure_a i_o come_v at_o last_o to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o your_o discourse_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o repetition_n of_o what_o you_o have_v say_v at_o first_o that_o because_o all_o the_o kingdom_n can_v not_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n and_o that_o villain_n and_o servant_n etc._n etc._n never_o pay_v to_o this_o tax_n that_o therefore_o the_o word_n omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v literal_o a_o doughty_a discovery_n and_o therefore_o you_o have_v find_v a_o expedient_a to_o help_v this_o contradiction_n by_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o thy_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o the_o laity_n and_o by_o the_o procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la for_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n who_o interpretation_n be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n i_o dare_v leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a judge_n for_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o once_o again_o i_o can_v see_v any_o manner_n of_o reason_n either_o from_o authority_n or_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v be_v the_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-fr regno_fw-la in_o a_o legal_a sense_n and_o as_o such_o do_v represent_v all_o the_o freeman_n of_o estate_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n therefore_o if_o you_o can_v prove_v this_o it_o may_v go_v far_o to_o convince_v i_o otherwise_o not_o m._n since_o you_o will_v not_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o those_o authority_n i_o have_v already_o produce_v to_o prove_v it_o 121._o pray_v let_v i_o discourse_v with_o you_o a_o little_a more_o particular_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o tenor_n by_o knight_n service_n i_o therefore_o suppose_v that_o the_o dr._n have_v very_o well_o prove_v by_o several_a record_n as_o also_o the_o two_o writ_n of_o 19_o hen._n iii_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o somerset_n and_o sussex_n that_o the_o king_n ancient_o by_o his_o prerogative_n and_o his_o original_a power_n and_o right_n reserve_v upon_o knight_n fee_n do_v tax_n the_o military_a tenant_n of_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o other_o ordinary_a free_a tenant_n and_o by_o his_o writ_n cause_v they_o to_o pay_v both_o scutage_n tax_n and_o scutage_n service_n and_o other_o reasonable_a aid_n as_o often_o as_o necessity_n require_v f._n i_o grant_v indeed_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o have_v be_v sometime_o as_o you_o say_v since_o there_o be_v no_o aver_n against_o express_a record_n but_o i_o say_v likewise_o that_o as_o for_o those_o writ_n the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o concern_v the_o king_n order_v the_o sheriff_n to_o distrain_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o scutage_n service_n as_o to_o marry_v their_o daughter_n or_o for_o the_o find_n of_o man_n in_o any_o warlike_a expedition_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o those_o mesne_n tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v by_o the_o tenor_n of_o their_o estate_n if_o they_o have_v fail_v to_o serve_v their_o lord_n in_o person_n or_o by_o sufficient_a deputy_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n may_v legal_o grant_v they_o scutage_n upon_o such_o tenant_n and_o perhaps_o may_v also_o change_v their_o service_n in_o person_n into_o a_o pecuniary_a aid_n as_o appear_v by_o some_o of_o those_o writ_n the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o and_o this_o not_o by_o his_o prerogative_n but_o by_o law_n so_o likewise_o though_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v tax_n themselves_o in_o their_o distinct_a council_n or_o else_o in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o what_o rate_n they_o please_v for_o the_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o though_o the_o king_n may_v sometime_o undertake_v by_o this_o pretence_n to_o i_o evy_v a_o scutage_n of_o two_o mark_n on_o their_o under-tenant_n also_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o appear_v by_o either_o of_o those_o record_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v that_o they_o give_v for_o more_o than_o themselves_o alone_o the_o word_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v only_o that_o they_o have_v give_v the_o king_n esseâ—ax_n auxilium_fw-la of_o two_o mark_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n as_o well_o ward_n as_o other_o who_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la without_o any_o mention_n of_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n so_o that_o if_o the_o sheriff_n be_v afterward_o order_v to_o distrain_v these_o mesne_n tenant_n also_o for_o two_o mark_n for_o each_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v of_o their_o lord_n this_o be_v strain_v a_o point_n of_o prerogative_n and_o be_v express_o against_o law_n for_o at_o this_o rate_n the_o king_n may_v by_o the_o lâ—ke_a prerogative_n have_v tax_v all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o all_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o their_o consent_n as_o well_o as_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n though_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n william_n i._n and_o king_n john_n which_o you_o yourself_o cite_v at_o our_o former_a meeting_n so_o that_o grant_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o have_v be_v practise_v sometime_o as_o your_o record_n make_v out_o this_o be_v no_o proof_n that_o this_o be_v a_o constant_a law_n or_o settle_a custom_n much_o less_o that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o right_a so_o to_o do_v m._n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v 180._o but_o that_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o that_o what_o this_o king_n then_o do_v in_o charge_v these_o mesne_fw-la tenant_n be_v according_a to_o his_o ancient_a prerogative_n and_o what_o himself_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v frequent_o do_v both_o before_o and_o after_o the_o clause_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n of_o nullum_fw-la scutâ—gium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ponam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la meo_fw-la &_o â—_o be_v grant_v nay_o after_o it_o be_v grant_v hen._n 3._o and_o edw._n 1._o tax_v their_o demeasn_n through_o england_n 19_o though_o not_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o their_o privy_a council_n until_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v in_o 34_o eâ—w_n 1._o and_o both_o rich._n 1._o and_o k._n john_n have_v tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n without_o common_a assent_n before_o the_o grant_v of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la as_o also_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o rich._n 1._o as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o hoveden_n 442._o who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n the_o passage_n be_v long_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o give_v you_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o this_o king_n anno_fw-la 1198_o regno_fw-la 9_o accepit_fw-la de_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la carucata_n terrae_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la v._o solidos_fw-la de_fw-la auxilio_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o then_o go_v on_o to_o show_v we_o the_o manner_n how_o it_o be_v raise_v and_o collect_v and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o he_o use_v these_o word_n auxilium_fw-la and_o tallagium_fw-la for_o the_o same_o tax_n so_o we_o find_v in_o mat._n paris_n that_o king_n john_n take_v a_o seven_o part_n of_o all_o movable_n without_o common_a assent_n 1203.1207_o and_o another_o time_n a_o thirty_o the_o great_a man_n and_o clergy_n grumble_a at_o it_o k._n hen._n 3._o also_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a in_o the_o 33_o d_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 1._o as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o this_o year_n whereby_o he_o also_o command_v the_o sheriff_n of_o buâ—ks_n that_o he_o make_v philip_n basseâ—_n a_o ratiâ—nabilâ—_n tallagium_fw-la de_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenentilus_fw-la in_o mannerio_n de_fw-fr wycumb_n quod_fw-la aliquando_fw-la suis_fw-la dominicum_fw-la praedecâ—ssorum_fw-la râ—gis_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o 39_o the_o year_n this_o king_n as_o the_o doctor_n show_v we_o at_o large_a by_o a_o recoâ—d_n in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n he_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o city_n of_o london_n at_o 3000_o mark_n 178._o which_o though_o with_o some_o contest_v mention_v in_o this_o record_n they_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o pay_v because_o it_o be_v find_v upon_o record_n that_o this_o king_n and_o his_o father_n have_v several_a time_n palliate_v or_o tax_v the_o saiâ—_n city_n in_o like_a manner_n at_o the_o sum_n therein_o mention_v so_o that_o at_o last_o the_o mayor_n and_o citizen_n be_v fain_o to_o acknowledge_v themselves_o thâ—s_o talliable_a by_o the_o king_n so_o in_o the_o 52._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a land_n beyond_o trenâ—_n by_o his_o escheator_n parl._n and_o this_o right_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n in_o the_o 33_o d_o year_n of_o edw._n i._n as_o appâ—aâ—s_n by_o their_o petition_n to_o he_o in_o parliament_n in_o these_o word_n all_o pâ—tiâ—ionem_fw-la arcâ—iepiscoporum_fw-la episporum_fw-la
to_o examine_v this_o quotation_n because_o i_o confess_v it_o seem_v very_o specious_a at_o first_o sight_n but_o if_o it_o be_v thorough_o examine_v will_v make_v nothing_o at_o all_o for_o you_o 301._o and_o to_o this_o end_n pray_v let_v we_o read_v the_o dr_n observation_n on_o this_o passage_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o argumentum_fw-la antinormaunicum_fw-la f._n but_o you_o need_v not_o read_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o paragraph_n since_o i_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o the_o dr._n as_o that_o by_o principes_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinus_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o this_o author_n render_v they_o who_o the_o dr._n here_o write_v against_o the_o chief_a 301._o or_o principal_a man_n of_o several_a rank_n or_o condition_n but_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n of_o both_o order_n viz._n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v as_o the_o dr._n here_o will_v have_v it_o that_o these_o principes_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la be_v only_o bishop_n â—_o abbot_n and_o great_a dignify_a clergyman_n only_o and_o the_o procene_n and_o magnate_v the_o earl_n baron_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n alone_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v he_o produce_v several_a quotation_n out_o of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n malmsbury_n eadmer_n to_o prove_v that_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la ecclesiastici_fw-la &_o secularis_fw-la ordinis_fw-la primate_fw-la regni_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v at_o these_o council_n yet_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la and_o primate_fw-la do_v not_o in_o their_o proper_a signification_n signify_v none_o but_o bishop_n or_o dignify_v clergyman_n on_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n only_o since_o these_o word_n mean_v no_o more_o than_o chief_a principal_n or_o most_o considerable_a man_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o have_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n dignity_n or_o estate_n any_o place_n in_o our_o general_n council_n at_o that_o time_n and_o which_o do_v certain_o comprehend_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n also_o though_o the_o dr._n have_v make_v bold_a to_o pass_v they_o by_o without_o any_o notice_n take_v of_o they_o and_o if_o they_o be_v then_o there_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n the_o lesser_a nobility_n or_o commons_o be_v also_o summon_v from_o divers_a province_n city_n and_o great_a to_n m._n well_o but_o pray_v see_v here_o do_v not_o the_o dr._n prove_v plain_a enough_o that_o this_o gentleman_n he_o write_v against_o be_v mistake_v in_o his_o translation_n ibid._n and_o apply_v the_o word_n provinciis_fw-la &_o vrbibus_fw-la for_o chief_a layman_n from_o divers_a country_n city_n and_o burrough_n whereas_o the_o dr._n here_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n mention_v in_o this_o passage_n can_v here_o mean_v layman_n send_v from_o county_n to_o city_n but_o only_o the_o bishop_n who_o seat_n be_v here_o call_v urbes_fw-la and_o which_o as_o the_o dr._n show_v we_o be_v by_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o london_n in_o the_o year_n 1077._o be_v the_o 11_o of_o king_n william_n translate_v from_o village_n to_o city_n as_o be_v sherburn_n in_o dorsetshire_n remove_v to_o sarum_n selsey_n to_o chichester_n litchfield_n to_o chester_n which_o be_v before_o this_o council_n at_o westminster_n cite_v by_o sulcardus_n 302._o which_o this_o author_n place_n in_o the_o 14_o of_o this_o king_n and_o the_o dr._n here_o far_o prove_v from_o these_o word_n follow_v pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la christianae_n ecclesiâ—e_fw-la that_o this_o universal_a synod_n be_v call_v for_o hear_v and_o handle_v the_o cause_n of_o every_o christian_a church_n that_o these_o word_n every_o christian_a church_n must_v certain_o mean_v many_o church_n in_o england_n which_o in_o reason_n and_o probability_n can_v not_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o small_a parish-church_n all_o the_o nation_n over_o and_o therefore_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o cathedral_n or_o churches_n where_o bishop_n seat_n than_o be_v or_o where_o they_o have_v be_v or_o be_v to_o be_v remove_v f._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o comment_n of_o your_o doctor_n before_o we_o proceed_v far_o in_o the_o first_o place_n suppose_v i_o grant_v he_o that_o by_o urbes_fw-la may_v here_o be_v mean_v such_o city_n as_o have_v bishop_n seat_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o shall_v signify_v no_o other_o city_n or_o town_n but_o bishop_n seat_n only_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v in_o the_o modern_a acceptation_n of_o this_o word_n vrbs_fw-la here_o in_o england_n a_o city_n and_o a_o bishop_n seat_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o at_o first_o it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o then_o there_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o law_n you_o mention_v whereby_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o bishop_n see_v shall_v be_v remove_v from_o village_n to_o city_n nor_o it_o seem_v be_v all_o of_o they_o so_o remove_v at_o this_o council_n you_o mention_v since_o the_o dr._n show_v we_o from_o this_o very_a place_n here_o cite_v that_o some_o of_o they_o still_o remain_v in_o villis_fw-la &_o vicis_fw-la in_o village_n and_o small_a town_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v here_o say_v dilatum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la regis_fw-la audientiam_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la transmarinis_fw-la tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la bella_fw-la gerebat_fw-la â—and_v though_o the_o dr._n here_o suppose_v though_o i_o know_v not_o on_o what_o ground_n that_o the_o person_n summon_v by_o the_o king_n to_o this_o synod_n from_o province_n and_o city_n be_v such_o as_o be_v concern_v or_o able_a to_o advise_v the_o king_n in_o this_o matter_n of_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o place_n whither_o the_o removal_n be_v to_o be_v make_v as_o dean_n arch-deacon_n and_o other_o dignify_a person_n and_o church_n officer_n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o laity_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o the_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o great_a nobility_n who_o be_v in_o those_o day_n present_a in_o those_o assembly_n now_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v from_o these_o word_n of_o the_o doctor_n that_o even_o in_o his_o own_o supposition_n all_o city_n have_v not_o yet_o bishop_n seat_n annex_v to_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o word_n vrbibus_fw-la can_v mean_v bishop_n seat_n alone_o but_o any_o other_o great_a or_o wall_a to_n but_o the_o worst_a of_o it_o be_v it_o fall_v out_o very_o unlucky_o for_o the_o dr._n that_o this_o charter_n we_o now_o mention_v bear_v date_n a._n d._n 1075._o two_o year_n before_o this_o law_n for_o remove_v bishop_n see_v to_o city_n be_v make_v so_o that_o all_o his_o learned_a comment_n on_o that_o matter_n signify_v just_a nothing_o and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o doctor_n very_o rational_a conclusion_n which_o have_v no_o other_o ground_n than_o his_o own_o fancy_n to_o support_v they_o in_o the_o next_o place_n pray_v observe_v the_o dr._n own_v that_o by_o these_o principes_fw-la universi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la be_v mean_v the_o chief_a clergyman_n and_o nobility_n he_o there_o muster_v up_o but_o pass_v by_o or_o else_o do_v not_o consider_v the_o whole_a context_n of_o these_o word_n hii_fw-la autem_fw-la illo_fw-la tempori_fw-la diversis_fw-la provinciis_fw-la &_o vrbibus_fw-la ad_fw-la universalem_fw-la synodum_fw-la convocati_fw-la which_o must_v certain_o refer_v to_o the_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la to_o the_o chief_a and_o considerable_a man_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v alike_o summon_v from_o divers_a country_n and_o city_n and_o great_a town_n to_o this_o synod_n now_o pray_v do_v you_o or_o your_o dr._n tell_v i_o if_o he_o can_v what_o earl_n baron_n or_o great_a nobleman_n be_v then_o summon_v from_o city_n or_o great_a town_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o dean_n of_o cathedral_n which_o if_o you_o can_v do_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o we_o may_v not_o understand_v these_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o be_v also_o summon_v from_o the_o country_n and_o city_n for_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o those_o city_n and_o town_n at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o think_v the_o dr._n be_v as_o much_o out_o in_o his_o interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la for_o the_o cause_n of_o every_o cathedral_n church_n since_o it_o must_v certain_o mean_v not_o only_a cathedral_n church_n but_o all_o other_o church_n whether_o parochial_a or_o conventual_a for_o that_o it_o take_v in_o the_o latter_a appear_v by_o one_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o summon_n this_o council_n which_o be_v chief_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n which_o sure_o be_v no_o cathedral_n church_n and_o yet_o must_v be_v some_o church_n or_o ecclesiastical_a corporation_n or_o else_o this_o synod_n can_v have_v have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o it_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o this_o general_a
i._o it_o signify_v only_o the_o body_n of_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la till_o after_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o that_o king_n f._n i_o be_o sorry_a to_o see_v prepossession_n and_o prejudice_n have_v so_o much_o overrun_v you_o as_o to_o hinder_v you_o from_o close_v with_o the_o truth_n for_o pray_v tell_v i_o if_o this_o author_n can_v in_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o when_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v without_o dispute_n comprehend_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o parliament_n under_o the_o general_a word_n of_o proâ—eres_fw-la and_o magnate_v and_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v understand_v by_o the_o same_o word_n in_o the_o next_o passage_n cite_v out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n why_o may_v not_o other_o writer_n do_v so_o too_o in_o other_o parliament_n as_o for_o your_o next_o exception_n it_o be_v a_o very_a small_a cavil_v for_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o summons_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n at_o the_o translation_n of_o king_n edward_n relic_n be_v to_o a_o parliament_n by_o the_o word_n that_o follow_v nobiles_fw-la ut_fw-la assolent_fw-la parliamentationis_fw-la genere_fw-la de_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la negotiis_fw-la pertractare_fw-la and_o why_o these_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n shall_v not_o be_v as_o well_o elect_v by_o their_o respective_a city_n and_o burrough_n this_o year_n as_o well_o as_o the_o last_o as_o it_o appear_v they_o be_v by_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n which_o the_o dr._n and_o mr._n pryn_n have_v give_v we_o register_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v give_v i_o any_o satisfactory_a argument_n to_o the_o contrary_n as_o for_o you_o objection_n against_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o 54_o the_o henry_n 3_o d_o it_o be_v altogether_o as_o unreasonable_a since_o this_o be_v to_o make_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n alter_v not_o only_a when_o writer_n shift_v their_o phrase_n but_o when_o they_o do_v not_o and_o that_o without_o any_o other_o reason_n but_o because_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o parliament_n roll_v of_o those_o time_n be_v all_o perish_v and_o to_o deny_v the_o commons_o be_v there_o only_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v altogether_o as_o unjust_a as_o for_o any_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o turn_v a_o man_n out_o of_o the_o actual_a and_o long_a possession_n of_o a_o estate_n mere_o because_o his_o write_n and_o evidence_n by_o the_o carelessness_n or_o roguery_n of_o his_o servant_n have_v happen_v a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o to_o be_v lose_v or_o burn_v but_o full_o to_o convince_v you_o if_o possible_a that_o dr._n bradyes_n opinion_n of_o the_o commons_o not_o be_v again_o summon_v from_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o till_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v a_o mere_a fancy_n of_o his_o own_o and_o contrary_a to_o the_o express_a authority_n both_o of_o historian_n and_o record_n and_o to_o come_v to_o plain_a proof_n pray_v in_o the_o first_o place_n take_v notice_n that_o it_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o king_n edward_n the_o i._o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n acquaint_v he_o with_o the_o rebellion_n of_o lewellyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n dorso_fw-la that_o he_o have_v de_fw-la consilio_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o magnatum_fw-la regni_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la resolve_v god_n willing_a to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o welsh_a rebellion_n so_o that_o this_o war_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v resolve_v upon_o at_o the_o parliament_n hold_v the_o year_n before_o and_o now_o mention_v in_o this_o record_n a_o war_n which_o that_o valiant_a and_o fortunate_a prince_n effectual_o conclude_v by_o the_o total_a subdue_a of_o wales_n and_o kill_v of_o lewellyn_n who_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o send_v to_o london_n the_o particular_n of_o which_o war_n knighton_n as_o well_o as_o other_o historian_n relate_v at_o large_a 2463._o and_o also_o that_o present_o after_o david_n the_o brother_n of_o this_o lewellyn_n the_o cause_n of_o all_o these_o mischief_n be_v as_o this_o author_n show_v we_o in_o magno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la at_o shrewsbury_n condemn_v and_o afterward_o hang_v draw_v and_o quarter_v walsingham_n be_v more_o short_a in_o the_o relation_n of_o this_o parliament_n only_o say_v 51._o that_o in_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o i._o habitum_fw-la est_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la at_o shrewsbury_n in_o which_o this_o david_n be_v condemn_v and_o execute_v as_o before_o but_o thomas_n wike_v who_o live_v at_o this_o very_a time_n in_o his_o chronicle_n 111._o but_o now_o cite_v will_v better_o instruct_v we_o than_o either_o walsingham_n or_o knighton_n and_o his_o account_n of_o this_o parliament_n be_v as_o follow_v anno_fw-la 1282._o circa_n festum_fw-la sti_fw-la michaelis_fw-la rex_fw-la convocari_fw-la fecit_fw-la apud_fw-la salopesberiam_fw-la majores_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o sapientiores_fw-la tam_fw-la de_fw-la civibus_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la &_o fecit_fw-la illuc_fw-la addaci_fw-la david_n qui_fw-la apud_fw-la rothelan_n fuerat_fw-la captivatus_fw-la ut_fw-la super_fw-la exigentiam_fw-la delicti_fw-la '_o svi_fw-la corpore_fw-la subiret_fw-la judicium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o then_o relate_v at_o large_a the_o manner_n of_o his_o execution_n from_o which_o passage_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o this_o author_n make_v it_o plain_a who_o be_v the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o this_o king_n and_o who_o constitute_v this_o great_a parliament_n at_o shrewsbury_n viz._n majores_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o last_o as_o i_o have_v now_o often_o prove_v take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o citizen_n m._n but_o yet_o this_o author_n say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o the_o majores_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o sapientiores_fw-la tam_fw-la de_fw-la civibus_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la be_v call_v to_o this_o parliament_n wherein_o lewellyn_n be_v condemn_v now_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o these_o ciâ—es_n be_v elect_v or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o burgess_n choose_v for_o the_o burrough_n or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o knight_n choose_v by_o the_o county_n there_o be_v indeed_o magnate_v call_v to_o this_o parliament_n but_o they_o may_v be_v all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n well_o then_o since_o you_o will_v not_o be_v satisfy_v without_o direct_a and_o evident_a proof_n such_o as_o neither_o yourself_o nor_o dr._n b._n will_v i_o hope_v deny_v pray_v take_v this_o which_o mr._n petyt_n have_v not_o long_o since_o communicate_v to_o i_o and_o which_o he_o have_v late_o discover_v in_o rotulo_n walliae_fw-la in_o a_o bye_n roll_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o any_o body_n as_o i_o know_v of_o before_o ibid._n it_o be_v a_o formal_a writ_n of_o 11_o the_o edward_n i._o for_o summon_v the_o temporal_a lord_n to_o be_v with_o that_o king_n at_o a_o collequy_n or_o parliament_n opud_fw-la salop_n in_o crastino_n sti._n michaelis_n and_o there_o be_v in_o the_o same_o roll_v a_o second_o write_v direct_v to_o several_a city_n and_o burrough_n for_o elect_v two_o citizen_n and_o two_o burgess_n to_o this_o parliament_n with_o a_o void_a space_n to_o insert_v more_o name_n ibid._n and_o also_o a_o three_o write_v be_v there_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o every_o county_n in_o england_n to_o cause_n to_o be_v choose_v two_o knight_n pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la commitatus_fw-la and_o last_o there_o be_v a_o 4_o the_o writ_n direct_v to_o the_o justice_n and_o other_o of_o the_o king_n learned_a council_n with_o the_o same_o preamble_n to_o each_o of_o they_o all_o be_v command_v to_o appear_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o place_n now_o what_o can_v dr._n brady_n say_v to_o this_o that_o he_o who_o be_v so_o long_a keeper_n of_o these_o record_n and_o sure_a aught_o to_o have_v peruse_v they_o as_o he_o do_v many_o other_o of_o the_o same_o reign_n yet_o have_v either_o wilful_o or_o careless_o pass_v by_o this_o so_o memorable_a a_o record_n and_o so_o i_o hope_v this_o will_v convince_v you_o for_o the_o future_a of_o the_o danger_n of_o be_v over_o positive_a in_o a_o opinion_n because_o it_o can_v not_o present_o be_v confute_v and_o let_v you_o see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o like_a writ_n of_o summons_n will_v appear_v as_o well_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n of_o his_o own_o and_o his_o son_n reign_v have_v not_o those_o record_n be_v lose_v and_o destroy_v which_o consider_v we_o have_v reason_n to_o thank_v god_n for_o those_o that_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o time_n have_v yet_o leâ—t_v we_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v tell_v i_o more_o than_o ever_o i_o yet_o thought_n can_v be_v
in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n i._n and_o his_o progenitor_n have_v send_v two_o burgess_n to_o every_o parliament_n or_o that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n shall_v have_v ever_o receive_v this_o petition_n without_o indignation_n and_o a_o severe_a rebuke_n for_o their_o impudence_n if_o all_o the_o world_n theâ—_n know_v as_o certain_o they_o must_v be_v it_o true_a that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o election_n of_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o which_o be_v but_o fifty_o year_n before_o the_o 8_o of_o ed._n ii_o who_o from_o thence_o have_v appear_v no_o more_o till_o the_o 18_o of_o ed._n i._n which_o be_v but_o 24_o year_n before_o the_o delivery_n of_o this_o petition_n a_o time_n which_o must_v have_v be_v then_o fresh_a in_o the_o memory_n of_o most_o of_o the_o king_n council_n there_o present_a whereas_o they_o allow_v this_o general_a claim_n of_o prescription_n and_o every_o person_n though_o but_o mean_o skill_a in_o our_o law_n do_v understand_v a_o general_a prescription_n viz._n à _fw-fr tempore_fw-la cujus_fw-la contrarium_fw-la memoria_fw-la hominum_fw-la non_fw-la existit_fw-la what_o it_o be_v then_o and_o so_o remain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n at_o this_o day_n as_o appear_v by_o our_o ancient_a record_n law-book_n and_o judicial_a proceed_n and_o sure_o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n do_v not_o ground_n their_o petition_n of_o right_n upon_o a_o affirmation_n in_o nubes_fw-la 11._o but_o the_o justice_n &_o certainty_n of_o their_o claim_n as_o they_o very_o well_o know_v which_o so_o they_o pray_v it_o may_v be_v examine_v by_o uncontrollable_a proof_n the_o roll_n of_o chancery_n and_o the_o king_n chancellor_z and_o all_o the_o council_n do_v no_o less_o know_v there_o be_v such_o entry_n on_o the_o roll_n and_o therefore_o order_v their_o search_n whereas_o if_o the_o very_a ground_n of_o their_o petition_n have_v be_v notorious_o false_a and_o idle_a as_o it_o must_v have_v be_v if_o neither_o this_o nor_o any_o other_o burrow_n have_v send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o then_o instead_o of_o record_v this_o petition_n and_o answer_n to_o future_a age_n they_o will_v with_o contempt_n and_o indignation_n have_v reject_v it_o nor_o will_v the_o abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n council_n and_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n against_o who_o this_o petition_n be_v exhibit_v have_v be_v want_v in_o their_o own_o defence_n to_o have_v show_v that_o this_o ancient_a prescription_n not_o only_o of_o this_o but_o of_o all_o other_o burrough_n be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n and_o fable_n but_o instead_o of_o this_o we_o do_v not_o find_v they_o make_v any_o opposition_n against_o it_o because_o they_o know_v they_o have_v be_v summon_v and_o appear_v at_o divers_a parliament_n before_o that_o time_n 202._o as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o prins_n parliamentary_a register_n they_o be_v in_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n i._n which_o be_v 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will_v undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o london_n and_o several_a other_o city_n do_v not_o send_v any_o citizen_n to_o parliament_n in_o several_a king_n reign_v as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o this_o list_n of_o town_n who_o writ_n of_o expense_n we_o now_o mention_v of_o the_o â—5th_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o firstâ—_o where_o london_n and_o most_o other_o great_a city_n be_v omit_v and_o yet_o st._n alban_n be_v in_o to_o conclude_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o be_v no_o new_a claim_n of_o this_o burrow_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o the_o 5_o of_o edward_n the_o second_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n bendâ—llo_n that_o the_o bailiff_n of_o the_o abbot_n have_v refuse_v to_o levy_v the_o expense_n for_o ralph_n and_o peter_n picot_n who_o have_v serve_v as_o burgess_n for_o the_o say_a town_n in_o the_o last_o parliament_n whereupon_o the_o say_v ralph_n and_o peter_n set_v forth_o before_o the_o king_n that_o the_o say_a town_n use_v not_o to_o be_v tax_v with_o 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receive_v their_o expense_n as_o aforesaid_a m._n i_o will_v consider_v further_o of_o this_o argument_n for_o i_o must_v ingenious_o confess_v i_o never_o hear_v or_o understand_v so_o much_o of_o this_o matter_n before_o but_o pray_v proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o authority_n f._n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o burrough_n of_o st._n alban_n and_o admit_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n but_o that_o also_o that_o it_o be_v the_o belief_n of_o succeed_a parliament_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n long_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o for_o proof_n of_o which_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o call_v to_o mind_v that_o king_n john_n in_o the_o 14_o of_o his_o reign_n make_v himself_o and_o crown_n tributary_n
of_o knight_n of_o shire_n i_o will_v not_o dispute_v it_o far_o with_o you_o since_o it_o be_v a_o point_n of_o your_o common_a law_n in_o which_o i_o confess_v myself_o but_o mean_o skill_v but_o i_o shall_v take_v far_a time_n to_o advise_v with_o those_o that_o know_v better_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n as_o for_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n let_v they_o have_v appear_v when_o you_o will_v their_o come_n to_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v so_o ancient_a as_o before_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n i._o much_o less_o the_o conquest_n as_o you_o suppose_v since_o mr._n pryn_n have_v in_o the_o same_o second_o part_n of_o this_o parliamentary_a register_n trace_v the_o summon_n of_o the_o burrough_n to_o their_o very_a original_a and_o prove_v it_o can_v not_o be_v ancient_a than_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d._n i_o shall_v here_o contract_v his_o argument_n and_o give_v you_o they_o as_o i_o do_v the_o former_a first_o 214._o he_o here_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v never_o but_o 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second_o that_o 22_o more_o here_o name_v of_o these_o 161_o never_o elect_v and_o return_v burgess_n but_o once_o and_o no_o more_o during_o all_o the_o say_a time_n three_o that_o many_o more_o of_o these_o ancient_a burrough_n here_o name_v never_o send_v member_n 225.226_o some_o of_o they_o more_o than_o twice_o other_o thrice_o other_o four_z other_o five_z other_o six_z other_o seven_z other_o eight_o time_n and_o lancaster_n have_v but_o 13_o election_n and_o return_v of_o burgess_n and_o no_o more_o during_o all_o the_o above_o mention_v reign_n four_o that_o although_o some_o of_o these_o burrough_n here_o name_v who_o seldom_o send_v any_o burgess_n though_o they_o be_v summon_v by_o the_o sheriff_n precept_n to_o elect_a burgess_n without_o any_o great_a interval_n of_o time_n to_o six_o or_o seven_o succeed_v parliament_n yet_o most_o of_o they_o have_v along_o discontinuance_n of_o time_n some_o of_o above_o 200_o other_o above_o 300_o year_n distance_n between_o those_o 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this_o author_n give_v we_o a_o very_a good_a account_n of_o that_o and_o impure_v it_o to_o two_o cause_n first_o the_o partiality_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o the_o ambition_n of_o the_o neighbour_a gentry_n who_o desire_v to_o be_v elect_v in_o such_o new_a burrough_n second_o the_o mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n who_o by_o divers_a charter_n to_o new_a corporation_n have_v give_v they_o the_o privilege_n of_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n for_o proof_n of_o which_o pray_v see_v what_o this_o author_n here_o far_o say_v it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o precedent_a section_n and_o catalogue_n of_o ancient_a city_n 234._o burrough_n port_n and_o their_o return_n of_o writ_n and_o election_n before_o specify_v with_o these_o general_a clause_n after_o they_o non_fw-la sunt_fw-la aliae_fw-la or_o ullae_fw-la civitates_fw-la nec_fw-la burgi_n in_fw-la balliva_fw-la mea_fw-la or_o in_o comitatu_fw-la praedicto_fw-la praeter_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o you_o 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this_o letter_n i_o now_o mention_v be_v write_v to_o the_o pope_n which_o transaction_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o almost_o verbatim_o out_o of_o mat._n of_o westminster_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr keyghton_n in_o anno_fw-la 1297._o be_v the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o when_o the_o king_n have_v extort_a a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n from_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o be_v then_o go_v into_o flanders_n he_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n where_o most_o of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n refuse_v to_o appear_v until_o such_o time_n as_o their_o petition_n for_o the_o ease_n of_o their_o country_n be_v hear_v and_o that_o the_o king_n will_v again_o confirm_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la yet_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n upon_o his_o confession_n of_o his_o male_a administration_n which_o he_o make_v before_o all_o the_o people_n with_o tear_n in_o his_o eye_n and_o promise_v of_o amendment_n then_o obtain_v of_o the_o commons_o a_o aid_n of_o the_o 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be_v that_o of_o the_o free_a burrow_n or_o tything_n fribargus_fw-la wherein_o by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o tythingman_n or_o head_n burrow_n be_v the_o judge_n who_o as_o that_o law_n tell_v we_o determine_v all_o suit_n and_o difference_n arise_v among_o neighbour_n of_o the_o same_o tything_n concern_v petty_a trespass_n on_o one_o another_o ground_n which_o if_o they_o can_v not_o be_v there_o determine_v may_v then_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o court_n baron_fw-fr which_o be_v incident_a to_o every_o manor_n and_o wherein_o the_o suitor_n and_o not_o the_o lord_n nor_o his_o steward_n be_v the_o judge_n 57_o and_o this_o as_o sir_n edward_n coke_n tell_v we_o be_v first_o institute_v for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o tenant_n and_o for_o the_o end_n of_o debt_n and_o damage_n under_o potty_a shilling_n at_o home_n as_o it_o be_v at_o their_o own_o door_n and_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o by_o the_o way_n that_o sorty_fw-la shilling_n be_v theo_fw-la near_o as_o much_o as_o forty_o pound_n be_v now_o comitatus_fw-la and_o if_o the_o business_n can_v not_o be_v end_v here_o or_o be_v of_o too_o high_a a_o nature_n it_o be_v then_o bring_v into_o the_o hundred_o court_n where_o the_o hundreder_n together_o with_o the_o suitor_n be_v judge_n and_o if_o they_o have_v not_o justice_n there_o they_o may_v then_o remove_v it_o into_o the_o court_n of_o trthe_v or_o lathe_n which_o be_v not_o the_o small_a court_n of_o the_o tithing_n mention_v nor_o yet_o the_o court_n leet_n but_o a_o particular_a court_n consist_v of_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o which_o though_o now_o quite_o lose_v be_v in_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o merton_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o and_o if_o the_o business_n can_v not_o be_v decide_v in_o the_o trthe_n it_o be_v then_o remove_v to_o the_o shire_n or_o county_n court_n as_o mr._n lambert_n show_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n which_o be_v then_o hold_v as_o now_o from_o 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but_o it_o be_v very_o strange_a to_o i_o that_o none_o of_o they_o depose_v any_o thing_n concern_v their_o see_v any_o milk_n come_v from_o her_o majesty_n breast_n after_o she_o be_v deliver_v and_o perhaps_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n for_o it_o for_o i_o have_v have_v it_o from_o good_a hand_n that_o she_o have_v none_o afterward_o whatever_o she_o have_v before_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o deserve_v to_o be_v inquire_v into_o since_o it_o be_v very_o rare_a but_o as_o for_o the_o midwife_n her_o deposition_n be_v equivocal_a that_o she_o take_v a_o child_n from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o queen_n she_o be_v also_o a_o papist_n and_o consequent_o a_o suspect_a witness_n in_o this_o cause_n whereas_o all_o this_o may_v have_v be_v prevent_v have_v the_o queen_n be_v she_o real_o with_o child_n be_v persuade_v to_o be_v deliver_v not_o within_o the_o bed_n but_o upon_o a_o pallate_n where_o all_o the_o person_n who_o business_n and_o concern_v it_o be_v to_o be_v present_a may_v 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into_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o argue_v the_o main_a point_n in_o the_o controversy_n viz._n whether_o the_o king_n be_v in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n or_o peace_n with_o the_o prince_n upon_o his_o return_n for_o if_o he_o be_v still_o in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n the_o prince_n may_v certain_o very_o well_o justify_v his_o clap_v up_o the_o earl_n of_o feversham_n his_o late_a majesty_n general_n for_o offer_v to_o come_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o prince_n quarter_n without_o his_o leave_n especial_o since_o he_o be_v still_o answerable_a for_o do_v his_o endeavour_n to_o disband_v a_o army_n a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o consist_v of_o papist_n and_o foreigner_n with_o their_o arm_n in_o their_o hand_n whereby_o they_o may_v have_v rob_v and_o spoil_v the_o country_n or_o at_o least_o have_v keep_v those_o arm_n to_o renew_v the_o war_n again_o with_o the_o first_o opportunity_n so_o that_o certain_o it_o can_v not_o be_v so_o slight_a a_o thing_n as_o a_o 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what_o they_o be_v he_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o but_o sure_o they_o be_v not_o proposition_n of_o peace_n since_o it_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o king_n will_v not_o have_v send_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o consequence_n without_o first_o acquaint_v the_o privy_a council_n with_o it_o before_o it_o be_v send_v but_o since_o we_o hear_v of_o nothing_o concern_v they_o we_o may_v very_o well_o suppose_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n or_o if_o there_o be_v his_o highness_n be_v the_o fit_a judge_n whether_o they_o be_v reasonable_a or_o not_o and_o if_o the_o king_n have_v any_o desire_n to_o propose_v any_o just_a or_o reasonable_a term_n whereupon_o he_o may_v have_v hope_v to_o have_v be_v restore_v again_o to_o his_o royal_a dignity_n he_o have_v a_o very_a â—air_a opportunity_n for_o it_o when_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nobility_n be_v meet_v at_o st._n james_n in_o order_n to_o sign_n a_o association_n to_o stand_v by_o the_o prince_n in_o the_o call_v of_o a_o 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to_o his_o throne_n by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o nation_n but_o either_o hope_v for_o it_o from_o those_o civil_a dissension_n he_o expect_v we_o shall_v fall_v into_o upon_o his_o departure_n or_o else_o to_o the_o arm_n of_o france_n and_o this_o be_v the_o case_n i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o the_o king_n both_o by_o his_o first_o and_o second_o departure_n have_v obstinate_o refuse_v all_o those_o mean_n whereby_o the_o nation_n may_v have_v be_v settle_v with_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o his_o person_n and_o authority_n whilst_o he_o live_v and_o of_o the_o prince_n when_o his_o legitimacy_n shall_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v and_o make_v out_o before_o a_o free_a parliament_n so_o that_o since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o king_n have_v before_o the_o prince_n arrival_n commit_v so_o many_o violation_n upon_o the_o whole_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o that_o these_o violation_n if_o wilful_o and_o obstinate_o persist_v in_o do_v at_o last_o produce_v a_o absolute_a loss_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o crown_n itself_o i_o think_v the_o late_a king_n have_v do_v all_o that_o can_v be_v require_v to_o make_v it_o so_o but_o i_o have_v forget_v to_o answer_v one_o objection_n you_o make_v viz._n that_o the_o peer_n and_o bishop_n when_o they_o invite_v the_o king_n to_o return_v to_o white-hall_n have_v no_o notion_n of_o this_o forfeiture_n nor_o the_o people_n of_o london_n who_o you_o say_v receive_v he_o with_o great_a joy_n and_o acclamation_n and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v whole_o a_o new_a invention_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o the_o lord_n you_o mention_v do_v send_v this_o message_n to_o the_o king_n it_o may_v be_v because_o they_o be_v surprise_v with_o his_o unexpected_a return_n and_o have_v not_o well_o consider_v all_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o case_n and_o thereby_o do_v more_o than_o they_o can_v well_o justify_v have_v before_o declae_v they_o will_v stand_v by_o his_o highness_n in_o procure_v a_o free_a parliament_n which_o must_v certain_o be_v without_o the_o king_n since_o he_o be_v then_o go_v away_o and_o they_o have_v also_o invite_v he_o to_o come_v to_o london_n as_o well_o as_o the_o city_n and_o how_o that_o can_v consist_v with_o their_o invite_v the_o king_n thither_o without_o the_o prince_n consent_n i_o do_v not_o well_o understand_v but_o it_o seem_v they_o quick_o alter_v their_o sentiment_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o present_o after_o subscribe_v a_o paper_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o association_n to_o stand_v by_o the_o prince_n without_o take_v any_o notice_n at_o all_o of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o very_a day_n of_o the_o king_n departure_n they_o meet_v to_o consider_v upon_o the_o prince_n speech_n he_o have_v a_o day_n or_o two_o before_o make_v to_o they_o desire_v they_o to_o advise_v on_o the_o best_a mean_n how_o to_o pursue_v the_o end_n of_o his_o declaration_n in_o call_v a_o free_a parliament_n and_o within_o two_o day_n after_o they_o present_v the_o prince_n with_o their_o advice_n to_o call_v a_o convention_n on_o the_o 22th_o of_o january_n which_o be_v also_o the_o next_o day_n agree_v to_o by_o one_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o person_n who_o have_v serve_v as_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o any_o of_o the_o last_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o without_o take_v any_o notice_n at_o all_o of_o the_o king_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a he_o be_v then_o go_v away_o when_o the_o commons_o and_o city_n two_o or_o three_o day_n after_o make_v their_o address_n to_o the_o prince_n yet_o when_o the_o peer_n meet_v both_o the_o first_o and_o second_o time_n on_o the_o 21_o and_o 22d_o of_o december_n he_o be_v
as_o a_o wilful_a forfeiture_n or_o abdication_n of_o the_o government_n and_o it_o be_v from_o this_o first_o go_v away_o that_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o convention_n date_n his_o abdication_n since_o though_o it_o be_v true_a after_o his_o return_n to_o london_n he_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o make_v a_o order_n in_o council_n to_o stop_v the_o further_o pull_v down_o and_o plunder_v popish_a chapel_n and_o papist_n house_n yet_o be_v it_o sign_v by_o very_a few_o of_o the_o council_n and_o almost_o only_o by_o those_o who_o have_v be_v in_o some_o office_n or_o place_n of_o trust_n so_o that_o though_o he_o be_v then_o own_a by_o they_o yet_o since_o that_o order_n do_v only_o serve_v to_o show_v his_o zeal_n for_o the_o popish_a party_n and_o be_v never_o obey_v or_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o those_o to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v and_o that_o neither_o the_o prince_n nor_o the_o city_n of_o london_n own_v he_o afterward_o since_o it_o have_v already_o deliver_v itself_o up_o to_o 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statute_n of_o provisor_n and_o praemunire_n and_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a record_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n ii_o henry_n iu_o and_o henry_n v._o that_o they_o never_o intrude_v the_o crown_n with_o a_o absolute_a power_n of_o dispense_v with_o those_o statute_n but_o only_o for_o a_o time_n as_o till_o the_o next_o parliament_n or_o long_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a but_o since_o i_o have_v not_o now_o so_o much_o time_n to_o give_v you_o so_o many_o precedent_n at_o length_n i_o shall_v only_o tell_v you_o that_o as_o to_o the_o main_a instance_n you_o rely_v upon_o viz._n the_o king_n dispense_v with_o the_o statute_n of_o sheriff_n that_o at_o first_o it_o be_v not_o take_v for_o law_n appear_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n as_o in_o 28._o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o whereby_o those_o sheriff_n that_o have_v hold_v their_o office_n for_o more_o than_o a_o year_n be_v pardon_v likewise_o in_o the_o act_n of_o edw._n iu._n there_o be_v 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they_o f._n since_o i_o see_v not_o only_o your_o opinion_n but_o also_o that_o of_o most_o of_o the_o judge_n and_o lawyer_n of_o england_n concern_v this_o matter_n of_o the_o king_n dispensation_n with_o penal_a law_n have_v be_v chief_o if_o not_o only_o found_v upon_o that_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o king_n henry_n vii_o i_o be_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o examine_v the_o validity_n of_o that_o judgement_n for_o if_o that_o can_v be_v prove_v not_o to_o have_v be_v according_a to_o law_n or_o elâ—e_v never_o give_v at_o all_o i_o suppose_v you_o must_v grant_v that_o my_o lord_n coke_n and_o all_o other_o who_o have_v found_v their_o opinion_n upon_o this_o adjudge_v cause_n of_o hen._n the_o vii_o be_v mistake_v now_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o argue_v a_o little_a with_o you_o in_o point_n of_o reason_n 43._o if_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la from_o the_o king_n be_v good_a when_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n a_o nonobstante_a be_v declare_v void_a what_o do_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n signify_v in_o such_o a_o case_n must_v we_o say_v it_o be_v a_o void_a clause_n but_o then_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o put_v in_o do_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o who_o draw_v this_o act_n of_o the_o 23_o d_o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o as_o also_o those_o act_n concern_v sheriff_n understand_v this_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a to_o be_v void_a when_o they_o put_v it_o in_o if_o it_o be_v so_o and_o contrary_a to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n why_o do_v the_o king_n pass_v this_o act_n without_o any_o refusal_n or_o protestation_n against_o it_o certain_o it_o be_v then_o think_v otherwise_o and_o if_o so_o we_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n against_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o
opulent_a city_n such_o as_o canterbury_n lincoln_n exeter_z etc._n etc._n who_o be_v not_o make_v city_n by_o have_v bishop_n see_v annoxt_v to_o they_o but_o be_v such_o long_a before_o christianity_n be_v preach_v to_o the_o english_a saxon_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v nor_o can_v this_o power_n of_o the_o sheriff_n extend_v to_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n who_o right_n of_o send_v two_o baron_n for_o each_o port_n be_v sure_a very_o well_o know_v and_o settle_v in_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o as_o appear_v by_o these_o general_a word_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o writ_n similiter_fw-la mandatum_fw-la est_fw-la singulis_fw-la portubus_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la without_o name_v they_o in_o particular_a so_o that_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v sufficient_o know_v what_o port_n be_v thus_o to_o send_v all_o the_o sea_n port_n town_n in_o england_n may_v have_v have_v precept_n send_v they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n who_o have_v at_o first_o their_o 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prin_fw-mi himself_z first_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o likely_a that_o the_o king_n shall_v ever_o trust_v the_o sheriff_n with_o this_o great_a prerogative_n of_o make_v what_o or_o as_o many_o burrough_n as_o he_o please_v in_o a_o county_n since_o that_o can_v not_o be_v then_o do_v without_o some_o particular_a writ_n or_o charter_n for_o otherwise_o this_o have_v make_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sheriff_n more_o arbitrary_a than_o that_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o it_z he_o have_v in_o those_o reign_v you_o treat_v or_o no_o other_o rule_n to_o go_v by_o than_o his_o own_o humour_n passion_n or_o interest_n nor_o will_v the_o king_n have_v ever_o endure_v such_o a_o innovation_n since_o it_o will_v have_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sheriffâ—_n to_o have_v make_v as_o many_o burrough_n as_o they_o please_v and_o to_o have_v increase_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o to_o a_o unreasonable_a bulk_n wineh_o be_v against_o all_o rule_n of_o policy_n for_o he_o to_o suffer_v last_o neither_o will_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o themselves_o have_v suffer_v this_o encroachment_n for_o since_o most_o of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n of_o england_n send_v member_n in_o parliament_n before_o this_o innovation_n of_o the_o sheriff_n begin_v they_o will_v never_o have_v quietâ—â—_n permit_v new_a man_n to_o be_v send_v in_o among_o they_o from_o obscure_a place_n they_o never_o hear_v of_o without_o either_o turn_v they_o out_o themselves_o or_o complain_v to_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n of_o so_o great_a a_o abuse_n m._n but_o what_o can_v you_o say_v against_o direct_a matter_n of_o fact_n have_v not_o mr._n prin_fw-mi here_o plain_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o the_o sheriff_n do_v in_o those_o time_n exercise_v a_o arbitrary_a power_n in_o this_o matter_n 8._o return_v some_o town_n out_o of_o ill_a will_n only_o to_o charge_v they_o with_o elect_v burgess_n to_o make_v they_o liable_a to_o the_o payment_n of_o wage_n to_o they_o omit_v other_o also_o out_o of_o spite_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o petition_n of_o the_o townsman_n of_o st._n alban_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v a_o great_a many_o of_o which_o be_v so_o long_o omit_v that_o they_o come_v at_o last_o to_o lose_v all_o right_n of_o send_v any_o more_o 238._o till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v again_o revive_v of_o late_a year_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o divers_a burrough_n who_o name_n mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o give_v we_o who_o by_o order_n of_o the_o long_a parliament_n in_o 1640._o again_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n after_o some_o age_n intermission_n pray_v now_o tell_v i_o what_o other_o satisfactory_a account_n can_v be_v give_v for_o the_o make_n of_o so_o many_o new_a burrough_n and_o omit_v so_o many_o old_a one_o but_o the_o arbitrary_a power_n of_o the_o sheriff_n who_o then_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o do_v what_o they_o please_v in_o this_o matter_n as_o appear_v by_o so_o many_o instance_n he_o have_v here_o give_v we_o f._n well_o since_o the_o improbability_n i_o may_v say_v impossibility_n of_o the_o thing_n will_v not_o satisfy_v you_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o though_o the_o sheriff_n may_v sometime_o abuse_v the_o trust_n commit_v to_o they_o in_o send_v precept_n to_o the_o burrough_n that_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o they_o yet_o that_o for_o all_o this_o they_o never_o exercise_v that_o arbitrary_a power_n you_o fancy_n of_o make_v and_o unmake_v what_o burrough_n and_o consequent_o as_o many_o parliament-man_n as_o they_o please_v now_o to_o prove_v this_o from_o mr._n prin_n own_o instance_n and_o authority_n i_o shall_v reduce_v all_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o abuse_n to_o these_o head_n 1._o the_o favour_n or_o malice_n of_o the_o sheriff_n 2._o the_o ambition_n of_o the_o neighbour_a gentleman_n who_o desire_v to_o get_v to_o be_v elect_v at_o such_o burrough_n or_o last_o from_o the_o desire_n of_o those_o town_n themselves_o to_o get_v this_o privilege_n among_o they_o of_o elect_v and_o return_v member_n to_o parliament_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o of_o these_o it_o can_v never_o proceed_v from_o the_o favour_n of_o sheriff_n to_o such_o town_n because_o the_o charge_n of_o wage_n to_o the_o burgess_n be_v then_o so_o great_a when_o two_o shilling_n a_o day_n be_v more_o than_o ten_o shilling_n be_v now_o that_o they_o can_v never_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o favour_n to_o have_v this_o charge_n impose_v upon_o they_o unless_o it_o be_v some_o few_o who_o be_v very_o large_a and_o in_o a_o rich_a and_o flourish_a condition_n and_o those_o always_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o sheriff_n have_v this_o power_n commit_v to_o they_o as_o you_o suppose_v by_o that_o general_a clause_n in_o the_o writ_n of_o send_v summons_n to_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n nor_o can_v the_o sheriff_n if_o they_o will_v have_v long_o continue_v to_o lay_v this_o burden_n upon_o any_o town_n out_o of_o malice_n for_o if_o such_o town_n can_v not_o afford_v this_o extraordinary_a charge_n of_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n they_o may_v have_v escape_v it_o whenever_o they_o will_v either_o by_o make_v no_o return_v at_o all_o to_o their_o precept_n send_v they_o as_o mr._n prin_fw-mi here_o show_v in_o the_o list_n he_o have_v give_v we_o of_o return_v very_o many_o of_o they_o do_v or_o else_o they_o may_v have_v take_v that_o remedy_n against_o it_o 233._o which_o as_o this_o here_o author_n express_o acknowledge_v divers_a town_n do_v who_o be_v malicious_o charge_v by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o send_v burgess_n when_o both_o unwilling_a and_o unable_a and_o who_o upon_o their_o refusal_n to_o elect_n return_v burgess_n for_o they_o against_o their_o will_n whereupon_o they_o complain_v to_o the_o king_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o abuse_n and_o so_o be_v ease_v of_o this_o charge_n and_o trouble_v or_o else_o ease_v themselves_o other_o burrough_n grow_v very_o poor_a and_o unable_a to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o defray_v their_o expense_n be_v thereupon_o discharge_v by_o the_o sheriff_n who_o make_v special_a return_v in_o their_o favour_n and_o of_o these_o he_o give_v you_o several_a instance_n in_o his_o collection_n of_o return_v for_o the_o county_n of_o buck_n 236._o or_o else_o for_o poverty_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o lancaster_n other_o procure_v perpetual_a or_o else_o temporary_a exemption_n from_o the_o king_n or_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n from_o send_v burgess_n to_o future_a parliament_n and_o upon_o some_o one_o or_o more_o of_o these_o precedent_n ground_n they_o quit_v wave_v or_o lose_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n of_o send_v burgess_n which_o they_o rather_o repute_v a_o charge_n burden_n and_o oppression_n than_o a_o honour_n and_o of_o this_o he_o give_v as_o a_o remarkable_a instance_n in_o toriton_n in_o devonshire_n 239._o