Aegipt Patara a Cittye of Lycia Delos an Ile in the Aegian sea Aristion by occasion of money plaieth the tyraÌ„ Philosophers Tirannes Thespia a free Tovvne in Boeotia Magnesia in Ionia Demetriada in Thessalie Scyethuâ— â—â—â—â—e 〈◊〉 Pireâ— novve Portolione The port of Athens able to hold four hundred Shippes Thebes in Boeotia Pireus vvas made of pâ—nacles vvalled tvvo myles of length Megara is in Achaia Eleâ—sina in Attica Academia vvas a shadovvie place a mile from Athens Fidelitie of slaues to the Romanes Romaines flee and returne agayne The reproued sorte vvere noted oâ— some covvardlinesse and called vâ—tâ—peraâ—i Eleusine Lucullus diligeÌ„ce Chalcide novve Negroponâ—ey chiefe cuttie of Eâ—â—boeâ— Aâ—athias dieth at Tidâ—o A fight in the night The assaulte of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 gotten by 〈◊〉 S 〈…〉 A 〈…〉 〈…〉 y. 〈◊〉 vvas the 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 in the vvhiche they sang and daunced â—â—hersed their verses and vvente vp to it as to a vsed Theatre Mans fleshe dressed for sustenance Libertie giuen to the posteritie of the Athenians not to theÌ„selues Aristion put to death Thermopyle â—is the greate hill that diuideth Grecia be the streyght of it vvith hoâ—e vvaters Pireo burned Phoâ—is a litle region of Grecia Cherona Sylla taketh the aduantage â–ª of the place The armed â–ª chariots defeated The ouerthrovv of Archelaus Cheronea is a tovvne in Bâ—otia vvhere Pâ—â—tâ—rch vvas borne Euripâ—s is the streight sea that flovveth seuen times a day Zacynthus an Ile of the Ionian sea Crueltie of Mithridates against the Galatians Chio novv Sâ—io Mithridates spite agaynst the Xiâ—â— for a sâ—â—l cause Erythea is a citie of Asia not far from Sâ—io of the vvhich vvas one Sybilla Mithridates letter to the Châ—â—â— The lamentable â–ª destruction of the Chians The Ephesians kill Zenobius Trallis at the floud Meâ—aÌ„â—rus Papenâ— of Triphylia Mithridates releaseth debtes maketh free A conspiracte bevvrayed Orchomenus at the floud of that name The boldnesse of Sylla The victory of the Romaneâ— The valiantnes of Basillus This garland or crovvne vvas called Vallaris vvhich vvas giuen to him that first scaled the trench Sylla is proclaymed Rebell at Rome Flaccus Fimbria Fimbria killeth Flaccus AÌ„ rare crueltie of a Romane Pitane a Citie of â—â—â—lide â—iâ—â— vvhere Troy vvas Crueltie of a Romane Troy vvorse vsed of a Romane Palladium the Image of Minerua sente from Heauen Archelous to Sylla Talke of peace 〈◊〉 â—eople of Paphlagonia Talke of peace betvvene Sylla and Mithridates Manius actes reproued VVarre betvveene 〈◊〉 and Sylla Fimbria is forsaken Nonius refuseth to svveare Athenion Sylla vvill not speake vvith Fimbria Fimbria killeth himselfe â–ª Hi bâ—ly is given to be bâ—ryeâ— othervvise then Marius vsed at Rome The revvardes of the faithfull people The punishment of the reuolting people Sylla to the Ephesiâ—â—s Holy a floud running out of Taurus Inconueniences in Asia Iassus â–ª an Ile of Caâ—a The seconde vvarre vvith Mithridates â–ª Colchis is next Pontus Mithridates killeth his sonne Archelous fleeth froÌ„ Mithridates Comana a Citie dedicate to Bellona Murena cauilleth Calidius commeth from Rome vvith counterâ—eâ— commaundement Murenas fleeth The manner of the sacrifice of the kings in Asia made by Mithridates for the victory 〈…〉 refuseth Mithridates gold Cochieus came from Troy. Tigranes by persuasioÌ„ of Mithridates inuadeth Cappadocia Mithridates sendeth to Sertorius The thirde vvarre vvith Mithridates Medimnus vvas a measure that contayned sixâ— Modij Modius contayned syxe Sextures vvhych in commonlye called a Bushell Calybes people in Poute that dig yron naked Heniochi people of Ponius liuing by theft Thermodon Mithridates â—â— his souldiours Nicomedes leaueth his kingdome to the Romenes Cotta fleeth Nudue commeth to Chalcide vvhere the port coloyse is lette dovvne many Romanes stayne Lucullus is generall Lucullus espieth his aduauntage Mithridates abused Errours of Mithridates Cyzico an Iland and citie in Propontide of great renovvne Helepolis is an engine to beate the vvall Lisistratus The valiantnes of the Cyzians A sacrifice to Proserpina Eumachus killeth the Romanes â—sauâ—i a people Asia the lesse Dindymus the hill of Idea Aesepus a floud in the lesse Nisia â–ª flovving from the hill Ida. Lucullus playes Apamea in the coast of Bythinia Prusias called before Chius Lennus novv Statimene The monument of Philoctetes Lucullus ouercometh three Captaynes of Mithridates Letters in Laurell Mithridates hath losse by sea and is â—â—â—ed in a roâ—ers barke In Sinope vvas an vniuersitâ—e Diocles fleeth to Lucullus A dramme vvas a Romane penny Eupatoria Themiscyra a region of Pontus Cabeira a tovvne of higher Asia Lucullus is ouercome in one fight of horsemen â–ª Pompey the generall of horse brought before the King aunsvvered boldly A princely saying of the king Octauius fleeth from Lucullus Nothing so good as health of a ruler The Romanes in a great feare acâ— Mithridates vvrighteth of his victory A right of the Romane forragers and the Kings horsemen in a streight The Kings feare The Kings army fleeth 〈…〉 is thrust do 〈…〉 flyoâ—â— The souldiours â—lvvayes gyuen to spoyle Mithridates fleeth to Tigranes vvho vvoulde not see hym The king seÌ„deth to kil his sisters vvlues daughters A dreame of Lucullus saueth the Citie of Sinope Antolycus vvas one that liued by theâ—t Sinope restored to libertie Lucullus vvyth a small armye against a greate King. Telliâ—g of truth euill revvarded Mancaeus keepeth the chiefe Cittie The defence of Tigranocerta Tiranes laugheth at Mithridates A quicke saying of Tigranes Lucullus vvinneth an hill Lucullus hath the victorye The valiantnes of the Greeke souldiors A policie of the Parthians King. Tigranes amd Mithridates flyelli Mithridates ouer throvveth Fabrus Fabius ouerthrovveth Mithridates vvhich is sore hurt Agarenes the kings plusitions A maruelous vvinde breaketh the fight Triarius for hast is ouerthrovveâ— A Romaine captaine like a seruant vvouÌ„deth the king The Kyng is shevved to the souldiours The Romaynes forsake their campe A great number of Romayne captaines flaine Attilius is killed of suspition Diâ—â—entioÌ„ vvyth the Romaynes Lucullus is lefte alone Mithridates filleth the sea vvith Pyrats The myshappes of the Rouers Cilicia full of rockes onâ— Mountaynes on the coaste Cilices vvere compted rouerâ— Murenas Serui. 〈…〉 Pompey chosen admirall against the Pyrates The maner of the appoâ—â—meÌ„ts The diligence of Pompey The Piraâ—â— gyue ouer Cragus and Anticragus â–ª hilles â— Lycia parte of Taurus Many restored beyond hope The Pirates appoynted to inhabite hard places in the coast of Cilicia The large commission that Pompey had Ansvvere of Pompey to Mithridates Fight of horsemen The King fleâ—th A discomâ—iture vpon an errour 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hiberians of â—rmenia Spaine 〈◊〉 a citie in Câ—â—hide vvhere sometyme occupved three hâ—nâ—red nâ—â—â—ons of dyuers language Porus. â—â— Aâ—hainâ— of Troy A â—acriâ—ice of men Machares killeth himselfe for fear of his father 〈◊〉 vvere â—â—◠〈◊〉 that vvente 〈◊〉 Iason Pâ—ometheâ—â— vvas tyed at the hyâ—◠〈◊〉 Streâ—â—es of golde Aâ—â—os Artocus leythâ—in vvâ—yre for Pompey Pompey destroyeth the enâ—rutes in a vvodde VVomen â—ound vvouÌ„ded Amazones vver the vvomeÌ„ that 〈◊〉 one of
roddes and the axes he layd away The gard of his person he remoued and weÌ„t alone with his friends in the middest of the people the multitude beholding and amazed at the thing Only once as he went home a yong man reuiled him and bycause no man did forbid him hée tooke courage to giue him euill laÌ„guage til he came to his house so as he that before was so furious against the greatest men and Cities could now patiently suffer this yong man only thus hée said entring his house either by natural reason or by a diuinatioÌ„ of things to come This yong man will be the let that an other man hauing such authoritie wil not so giue it ouer which thing shortly after happened to that Romaines for Caius Caesar would not so leaue his power Surely Sylla appeareth to be in al things vehement from a priuate man to make himselfe a Tyrant and from that to be a priuate man againe This done he gaue himselfe to quietnesse of y Countrey went to Cuma a Citie of Italy to hys owne lands leading a quiet life at the sea side and sometime huÌ„ting in the field not for any misliking of the priuate life in the citie nor for want of power to enterprise any thing that he would for for his age he was in good strength and of body very â—ound About Italy he had an hundred and twenty thousande men that lately warred vnder him which had receiued great gifts much land of him and in the citie there were tenne thousand of Cornelians and other multitudes of his factioÌ„s al frieÌ„ds faithful to him and feareful to other all the which had their whole trust in him of that they had done in him reposed the suretie of all they had NotwithstaÌ„ding all this as I thinke he was wéery of war wéery of dominion wéery of the Citie therfore sought a vacation as it were and quietnesse in the Countrey After this the Romaines being deliuered of tirannie fel again to sedition for wheÌ„ they had created Caius Catulus one of Syllas faction and Lepidus Emilius of the contrary Consuls enimies one to another and readie to contend by and by it was certaine that a new inconuenience would take beginning of these â–ª They saye that whiles Sylla lay in the Countrey he had a vision that a God called him the which in the morning he told to his friends with greate spéede made his testament which being signed that day in the euening a fitte tooke him and in the night he dyed of the age of lx yeares a maÌ„ in all things most happy to his end as he was surnamed so was he fortunate in déede if he be happy that can do what hée liâ—t And there was a contention in Rome about him some would haue his body brought with great pomp through Italy to Rome ther in the common place to be honored with publike funeral Lepidus and his friendes were against it but Catulus and other of Syllas side preuailed So his body was brought through Italy in a litter of gold in royal maner numbers of musitians horsemeÌ„ and other armed multitude followed Al his Captaines LieutenaÌ„ts that had serued vnder him came to this poâ—p froÌ„ euery place in armour and as they came so were they set in order Other multitudes also repaired as neuer had bin seene at any businesse The ensignes and axes that he vsed in his dignitie were borne before and when he was broughte into the Citie greate honor and excéeding shewe didde encrease Two thousande Crownes of Golde and more were of purpose made and presented The gifts of Cities of Legions that had serued him and of euery priuate friend were deliuered other ornameÌ„ts were added to his funeral the sumptuousnesse whereof no man can expresse His body being brought in with the army the religious people both holy men and sacred Virgines did receyue and beare by course the Senate and Magistrates with all their tokens of office did the like the troupes of Horsemen the bands of footemen deuided in order did attende seuerall beneuolence was shewed bringing banners of golde wearing harnesse of siluer which yet be vsed in triumphes There was a great nuÌ„ber of Trumpets which in order did sound an heauie noyse The Senate praysed him first then the Gentlemen after the army and all the people whereof some desired his life some that feared him and his army did now no lesse maruell about his dead body for remeÌ„bring in their minds the noble â—â—ates he had done and the maner of his death they could not but be astonished confessing him to be of al other though their enimie the most happie man so as being dead he was dreadfull vnto them Being brought into the common place before the Tribunall where Orations were wonte to be made the most eloquente man that then was aliue made the funerall Oration bycause Faustus his sonne was yet vnder age The noblest of the Senate did take the litter and beare it into the fielde of Mars where none was wonte to be buryed but Kings The Horsemen and the army marched aboute the fyre whiles his body was consumed This was the end of Silla The Consuls going from the funerall did contende wyth wordes and spitefull spéeche intending betwéene them to make diuision of the rule that belonged to the Citie Lepidus to flatter the Italians required they might be restored to the lands that Silla had taken from them The Senate fearing this falling out did bind them both by oth that they shoulde not contende by armes Lepidus being appointed by lotte to the prouince of France beyond the Alpes did not returne to the election bycause he intended the next yeare to make warre vpon Sillas faction without respect of his oth for it séemed he had fulfilled hys promise in kéeping of it during his office This his purpose not being secreate the Senate sent for him He not ignorant why he was called came with al hys army as though he would haue entred Rome therewith but beyng forbidden he proclaymed warre by a Trumpet Catulus of the other side did the like Not long after making a battel in the field of Mars Lepidus was ouercome and without any great chace he fled into Sardinia where beeyng vexed wyth a consuming disease he dyed Hys armye disturbed in sundry partes was dissolued the greatest part of it Perpenna led into Spaine to Sertorius The laste worke left to Sylla was thys warre of Sertorius continuyng eyght yeares with difficultie not as Romaines agaynste Spaniardes but as one with another againste Sertorius who ruled in Iberia He when Carbo and Sylla were at warre tooke the Citie of Suessa by composition as we haue said and fled from thence to his office leading wyth hym an armye of Italians and gathered more of the Celtiberians wyth whome hee expulsed the officers that were there for Sylla who
before him like a Proconsull very fondly went to Manlius taking vp souldiours by the way Now was it thought good to Lentulus his coÌ„panions as soone as they heard Cateline to be at Fesule that Lentulus himself Cethegus should beset Ciceros house early in the morning with weapons hid that they being let in bicause of their dignities should speake with him by talke draw him a good way off and when they had him from other coÌ„pany to kil him Then should Lucius Sextius a Tribune by by cal an assemblie by the ordinarie officers accuse Cicero as a maÌ„ feareful troublesome a disturber of the citie when there was no such cause and the night after this Oration of Sextius to set the citie a fire in other .xij. places to spoyle it kil the best me This was y opinioÌ„ of Lentulus Cethegus Statilius Sextius chiefe of y coÌ„spiracie wayted for the time There were embassadours of Sauâ—â— â–ª to coÌ„plain of their gouernours which by Lentulus were admitted to â— conspiracie y they should stirre their couÌ„trie against the Romanes Lâ—â—uâ—us sent Vuiturtius of Croâ—one with theÌ„ to Cateline carying letters without any name The Embassadours being afraide did coÌ„municate with Fabrus Sanga who was their patrone as euery other citie had in Rome Cicero vnderstaÌ„ding this by Sanga appreheded both them Vulturtius as they were goyng away a brought them to the Senate to whom they coÌ„fessed al they had learned of Lentulus and with much â—â—o bewrayed that Cornelius Lentulus had oft sayde y by destâ—â—te â—â— Cornelius should be Monarches of Rome whereof â— were past Cinn Sylla When these things were declared the Senate put Lentulus out of his office Cicero coÌ„mitted euery of the to the houses of the pretors straight returned called ter sentece There was much ado about the counsell house for y truth was not yet knowne â–ª the conspiratours were afraide of themselues The seruaunts fréemade meÌ„ of Lentulus Câ—tâ—â—gus got many artificers with theÌ„ and weÌ„t to the backe sides of the Pretors houses to haue taken away their maisters whiche when Cicero heard he ran out of the counsell house hauing set garde in euery place came againe and hastned the iudgement Syllanus spake first as he that was elected to be Consull next for it was the Romaines maner to haue him speake first that should folow in the Consuls office bicause as I think he should comâ—nly crecute the decrées therby coÌ„sider the more ripely morely of euery of them Syllmus was of opinion y these men should haue extreme punishment and many other consented to his iudgement till Nero muste say his minde who thought it good to kéepe them in prison til Cateline were ouerthrowen and the thing throughly knowne C. Caeser who was not without suspition to be priuie to this coÌ„spiracie with whom Cicero durst not contend bycause he was so accepted to the people added more that Cicero shoulde place them in such Cities of Italie as he thought good til Cateline were dispatched and then to be brought to iudgemente that no eâ—tremitye shoulde be vsed againste so noble men that myghte seeme voyde of cight or reason This sentence seming indistereÌ„t manâ— allowed of it and rashly consented to it til Cato plainely had discouered the suspitioÌ„ against Caesar and Cicero fearing that this night some trouble would folowe that the multitude that were acquainted with the matter and then remayned doubtful in the common place would do mischiefe and for some inconuenience as wel of the one as of the other determined to execute the without iudgement as apparant offenders Cicero brought euery one of them the Senate yet sitting to the coÌ„mon prison and without knowledge of the people put them to death Then he went to theÌ„ that were in the common place and told theÌ„ they haue liued wherat they dispersed with feare were glad to hide theÌ„selues as wel as they could so the citie that at that present was in great feare â–ª receyued a little comfort Cateline had nowe gathered xx M. and armed the fourth part of them was going into 〈◊〉 for more preparation but Antonie the other Consul encountred him in the Alpes and without great ado ouerthrew him as one that suriously had taken so horrible a thing in hand whiche when it came to the triall without order erecuted the sâ—â—ne although neither he nor none other of the nobles that were of that conspiracie would agrée to flée but running among the enimies were slâ—in in the middest of them Thus the rebellion of Cateline which had almost brought the Cittie to vtter destruction was dissolued Cicero y before was only notable for his eloquence nowe also both for worde and deede was extolled and playnly appeared the preseruer of his perishing countrie wherfore thankes were giuen him in the whole assembly and diuerse sholutes of prayse made vnto him wheras Cato thought hym worthy the name of father of the country the people confirmed it with a cry This honorable name being giueÌ„ first to Cicero is nowe attributed also to such Emperors as be worthy For this title is not giueÌ„ to euery king with the rest of his other stile but in tyme with great ado is decreede vnto him as a perfecte 〈◊〉 mony of hys excellent vertue Caesar was chosen Liuetenant for Spaine and of hys cred 〈…〉 was staide in Rome for so much did he owe more than h◠〈◊〉 worth as they report he saide hee had neede of twoo 〈◊〉 and fiue hundred millions to haue nothing yet agreeing 〈◊〉 hys creditours as well as he could he went into Spâ—â—â—e where he did not deale wyth Citie matters or by sessions take order for their causes thinking that nothing serued hys purpose bâ—â— thered men and in tyme subdued all the rest of Spaâ—â—â— til hee had brought it subiect and tributarie to the Romaines He sent muche money to the common treasure of Rome wheresore the Senate graunted him a triumphe he made preparation of a great shew in the suburbs of Rome The tyme of election of newe Consulls was come and he that stode for the office must be present and if he were once entred he could not returne agayne to make triumphs He being very desirous of the Consulship and not yet ready for the triumph sente to the Senate and desired he might aske the office by his friends in his absence although it were against the Lawe But Cato spake againste it so as the lasâ—e day of the election was spent in reasoning Wherefore Caesar set aside the triuÌ„ph and came running to the election desired the office At thys time Pompey was in great power and glory for his victory againste Methridates he required that many things which be had graunted to Kings Princes and other estates might hee confirmed by acte of Parliament The
Citie and of Antony the Consull leaste he would vse the people only leauing the Senate and worke them some displeasure being thus bestad they wente to the Capitoll with the swordeplayers where consulting what was best to be done it seemed good to giue a largesse to the people hoping that if some beganne to prayse their act the other wold folow for loue of liberty and the desire of common wealth for they thoughte y people of Rome to be as sincere now as they had heard it was when olde Brutus expelled the Kings not vnderstanding that they loked for two things contrarye in themselues that they that loue libertie and would be corrupted should be profitable to them at this present wherof the one was more easie to be had as in a state for the most part corrupted for now the people was mirt with strangers a libertyne was equal with a Citizen the fashion of a seruant like to the maisters for y Senate ercept the rest was indiffereÌ„t to the seruantes Further y distribution of corne which was vsed only in Rome to be giuen to y poore had brought that idle néedie vacabonds of Italy to Rome Again a nuÌ„ber of olde worne souldiers out of wages were not deuided into their couÌ„tries as they wer wont seuerally bicause some had serued in vniust wars but would go into coÌ„mon habitations take other mens land houses remayning togither in teÌ„ples coÌ„mon places vnder one baÌ„ner one chiefe that might apoint theÌ„ a prouince selling away their own to be the more redy to go they were sone bought for reward Therfore it was not hard for Cassius to gather a nuÌ„ber of such men bring them into the coÌ„mon place albeit they were hired yet durst they not prayse that was done for feare of Caesars glory others deuotion but for the coÌ„mon welth sake they cried for peace earnestly exhorted the rulers vnto it for thys was the deuise of the kyllers to worke theyr owne safetye And there coulde bée no peace vnlesse there were a forgetting standyng in these termes Cynna a Pretor and a kinsemanne by maryage to Caesar beyonde all opinion came among them hauing on hys vesture of office which he threw of as giuen him of a Tiran and called Caesar the Tiranne and them that kylled hym killers of a Tiranne and praysed the facte as moste like to their progenitours and that those men were to be called from the Capitoll and to be honoured with dew rewardes This Cinna sayde but they séeing the vncorrupted people was not myxte wyth them did not call them from the Capitol nor did anye thing else but onely exhorted to peace Then Dolabella a yong man and a noble appointed to be Consull after Caesar had ben gone for the reste of the yeare hauing on the garment of a Consul and the Maces of his office was the second that spake euill and pretended he was priuie to the deuise and only sorte that his hand was not at the doing of it and as some saye hee decréed that that daye shoulde be honoured as the byrth day of the Citie Then the hyred men toke harte when they saw both a Pretor and a Consul to forgiue them they called Cassius and the rest out of the Temple who were glad of Dolabella a yong noble man a Consul being most méete to match with Antony only there came downe Cassius and Marcus Brutus with his bloudy hand for they had striueÌ„ who should giue Caesâ—r moste woundes and when they were amiddest the people they spake nothing humbly but as in noble and euident things one praysed another calling the Citie now blessed attributing muche to Decimus that in so fitte a time bad serued them with swordplayers Then they stirred the people that they woulde do things worthy their auncestours whiche had expelled kings not reigning by violence as Caesar did but being chosen lawfully they also propouÌ„ded that Sextus Pompey sonne to Pompey the greate that hadde made warre agaynste Caesar for the common wealth myght be called home beyng yet in armes in Spayne againste Caesars Captaines and lykewyse Câ—setius and Marulâ—â—s that were depriued and banished by Caesar being Tribunes of the people When they hadde thus sayde they wente vppe againe to the Capitoll for they dyd not truste verye muche in that multitude Then their friendes and kinsfolke might repaire vnto them into the Temple of whom they chose the most auntient to send to Lepidus and Antony for reconciliation and regarde of libertie and to saue the Countrey from the euils that might growe vnlesse they be foreseene This much did the messengers require not praysing the thing that was done for they durst not to Caesars friends but desired to haue it borne with for the worthynesse of the doers not for hate to him but for the loue of their countrey and pitie of the Citie nowe consumed with continuall sedition of whiche one more would vtterly destroy all good men of the same and that it was not right that for any hate amongst a few they shoulde worke the publike destruction but rather that for publike commodities priuate enmities mighte be wiped away Antonius and Lepidus as I sayde minded to reuenge Caesars deathe eyther for friendships sake or for a practise betwéene them or for desire of rule and thynkyng all things would be the easier to them if such notable men might be ridde out of the way yet they feared their friendes and theyr kinsfolkes and the Senate that enclined to them and most of all Decimus whome Caesar hadde appoynted to gouerne France theyr neyghboure whereby he hadde a mighty armye Therfore they thought it best to tarry for a better occasion and deuise to gette Decimus army that was so valiant and expert with laboures neuer left Hauing this fetch Antony thus aunswered the messengers For priuate displeasure we will worke nothing but for offence and matter wherein we are all sworne to Caesar to bée kéepers of his body and defend it against violence it is requisite by our oth to follow the fact that is done and the rather to lyue with a few pure than all to be in daunger of those execrations yet for their honor that be of that opinion we will debate with you in the Senate house and take the way for the Citie that by common consent shall séeme good Thus Antony aunswered safelye They gaue thankes and departed with sure hope that al should haue gone well and that the Senate woulde haue fauoured their cause throughly â–ª Antony in the meane time caused the officers to make watche for the Citie all nighte and by turne to kéepe their seates as was wante in the daye and to haue fires ouer all the Citie by meane whereof the friends of the offendoures went to euery Senatoures house and requested them for themselues and for the Countreys common wealth There ranne abroade also the Captaynes of suche
the courte to Alexandrîa and there gaue hymselfe to feasting and banquettyng so as the Alexandrians dyd nothyng else a great whyle but make good cheere This maner of felowship vsed among them that woulde lyue they forsooke and beganne an other whiche was called of them that woulde die togither the whiche was not inferiour to the other in delicacie nor superfluitie and as many as had sworne to dye togither made suche feastes in order by course one to an other Cleopatra beside all this gaue hyr selfe to the searche of moste spéedy poyson and venom and caused not onely suche growyng thyngs as were accompted moste effectuous to be sought but also the lyuing beastes and Serpentes and made a proofe of them all in some of hyr folkes Then bothe shée and Antonie sente to Caesar Shée requyred that the kyngdome of Aegypt myght be entayled to hyr chyldren Antonie desired hée myght lyue a pryuate lyfe in Athens if hée might not doe it in Aegypt For lacke of other fréendes they were fayne to sende Euphronius their Schoolemayster to him For Alexas of Laodicia had deceyued Antonie and by the meane of Herode the Iewe gaue hymselfe to Caesar who dyd not accepte hym put him in chaynes and sent him to die in his countrey This rewarde had hée for hys vnfaithfulnesse to Antonie Caesar would not heare Antonyes requests but promised Cleopatra all kinde of courtesie if she woulde reiect Antony He sente his Liberte Thyrenus a learned man that might moue that magnificall Lady wyth the hope of so lusty a yong Emperoure He vsed so long and pleasing oration that Antony had him in suspition therefore he toke him and caused him to be whipped wrighting to Caesar that he was stirred by his pride and insolencie which would moue a man though he were in miserie And if this quoth he doth gréeue you take my Liberte Hipparchus y is with you and whippe him and then we shall be euen Nowe Cleopatra that she might wipe away all suspition honoured hym maruellously and celebrating hir owne birth daye meanely as hir case required she honoured his so nobly and princely that many that came pore to the feast wâ—nt rich away At this time Agrippa wrote to Caesar from Rome that in anye wise he should repaire thither for the case required his presence By this occasion the warre againste Antony was deferred tyll the next sommeâ— when Caesar sent forces againste his Captaynes in Affrike and went himselfe against him in Asia And when he had taken â—elusio it was suspected that Cleopatra was contented that Seleucus shoulde deliuer it but she to purge this crime toke the wife and children of him to be punished She had a goodly sepulchre made ioyning to the Temple of Isis in the whiche she had placed all hir treasure and princely things And Caesar being afrayd that if she were driuen to desperation she woulde set all on fire put hir in great hope alwayes Now was he come wyth his army to the Citie and his horsemen lay at the horserace vppon the which Antony came out so fiercely as he droue them to the Camp. Then he returned into the Court and tooke Cleopatra in his armes and kissed hir and recommended him vnto hir that had fought best and she gaue him an head péece and a coate armour of golde Yet he that night fledde to Caesar Then Antony challenged Caesar once againe to fight hande to hand Caesar aunswered there were many wayes for Antony to dye Then seing there was no way so honourable to dye as in fight Antony determined to set vpon Caesar both by Sea land and at supper bad his meÌ„ drinke make merry for he coulde not tell if they should do so any more or serue other Lords for as for himself he shuld not liue And wheÌ„ they wept at the words he sayd he would not leade theÌ„ to a fight by the which he might rather hope for a glorious death thaÌ„ a sure triumphaÌ„t victorie About midnight was heard ouer al the citie such a pleasant noyse musicke as is went to be vsed in that sacrifice of Bacchus the which weÌ„t forth of y Citie into the enimies Camp. It was expounded that the God whom he had most serued did now also forsake him In the morning he brought forth his footemen placed theÌ„ vpoÌ„ the hilles about the citie where he stood to sée that successe of his nauie the which comming nigh to that enimie saluted theÌ„ as friends they did the like so yéelded to theÌ„ When this was perceyued Antonyes horsemeÌ„ fled to Caesar also his footemen did fight it out were ouercome which being done he retired into the citie crying he was betrayd of Cleopatra to theÌ„ against whome he had made war for hir sake She being afrayd of his furie got hir into hir Scpulchre causing the bridge to be drawne to be kept close and shut This done she sent one out to tell him that she was dead WheÌ„ he heard it he sayd Why teÌ„ptest thou Antony TheÌ„ he weÌ„t into his ChaÌ„ber vnharnessed him saying O Cleopatra I am not tormented that I am without thée for I wil soone be with thée but that I being so great a Captayne should be preueÌ„ted of thée y art but a womaÌ„ in such a case of fortitude Heros his faithful seruaÌ„t was with him whom before he had sworne to kill him wheÌ„ he should commaund it Now saith he is the time for thée to do it and toke him his sword He turned his face and killed himself and fell dead at Antonyes féete Ah good Eros quoth Antony where thou couldest not abide to doe it to me thou hast taught me to do it my selfe and so he thrust the sword into his belly and layd downe vppon his bed The stroke was not so great as it could dispatch hym there fore he commaunded them that were by to make an end of him but they went out of the chamber leauing him crying and lamenting til Diomedes came from Cleopatra to bring Antony to hir who hearing she was aliue commanded to be caried to hir in their armes to y dore of the monument which Cleopatra would not open but lot downe shéetes lines to heaue him vp whyche she and hir two women did that onely were with hir there It was a pitifull sight to sée him all bloudy and yéelding the ghost to be halled vp so hardly holding forth his hands and stretchyng himselfe toward hir as well as he could the pore womeÌ„ not hauing streÌ„gth ynough to do it till Cleopatra with both hir haÌ„ds beÌ„ding downeward as much as might be got him vp they that were below crying vpon hir to haue pitie vpoÌ„ him WheÌ„ she had him in she layde him vpoÌ„ a bed lamenting and tearing hir mourning wéede wiping the bloud froÌ„ his face called
not refrayne from periurie and lies And when he being hated of all men was accused yet for his riches whereof he had great plenty he was euer quitte and discharged Not long after as many as remained of the vnfaithfulnesse of Lucullus and Galba â–ª gathering togither to the number of tenne thousande wasted the lande of Turditania Agaynste them â–ª M. Vettilius with another armye wente and ioyning to him all other that were in Spayne whych was tenne thousande he wente agaynste them that wasted Turditania and kylled many of them and droue the other into a Castell in the which if they woulde tarry they must perishe for hunger if they departed they must fall into the Romanes handes so narrow was the place wherefore they sent Embassadoures to Vettilius in humble wise desiring to haue a place to inhabite that they from henceforth with all these might be tributaries to Rome whyche he accepted and they ready to come forth But Viriatus that had escaped from Galbas crueltie and was then with them put them in remembrance of the Romanes falsehoode and tolde them how oft they hadde bin deceyued by colour of promise and that all the Romanes army was nowe lyke vnto the deceytefulnesse of Galba and Lucullus but if they woulde be ruled by hym he woulde tell them how they might all escape safe They béeyng moued with hys wordes and conceyuing good hope chose hym theyr Captayne Therefore when he hadde placed all the horse in the front of the battell as though he woulde fyghte he commaunded the other so soone as he tooke hys horse to diuide themselues and by diuers pathes to flée ouer the hylles as well as they could to Tribola and there to tarry hym tyll he came He kepte wyth hym choyce Horsemen of euery number and then he lepte on Horsebacke and the other fledde with speede Vettilius afrayde to followe them that were thus separate and diuided to many partes stayed to sée what Viriatus woulde doe who abode still He with hys swifte Horse nowe commyng vpon the Romanes now going backe from them and now comming agayne vppon them spente so that whole daye and the nexte also goyng on and comming of from that playne And when by coniecture he thoughte them that were gone to be come to a sure place at midnighte wyth most spéede by dyuers hard wayes he got to Tribola The Romanes coulde not ouertake hym partly for the weight of their armoure partly for the ignorance of the way and partly for the diuersitie of theyr Horses Thus Viriatus saued hys men that were in desperation of themselues Thys policie wanne hym greate fame ouer all the places aboute and so they came vnto hym in great numbers He kepte warre wyth the Romanes thrée yeares togither and it is well knowen that this warre muche troubled the same and in the ende was very daungerous vnto them And if there were any other stirre in Spayne that was the cause that it continued the longer Vettilius followed and came to Tribola Viriatus layde an ambushe in an hyll whyther when he knewe that Vettilius was come he fledde And when Vettilius was past the ambushe he turned and they of the ambushe came forthe and besette the Romanes kylling and takyng or throwing them headlong from the hygh places Vettilius was taken whome when the taker knewe not but sawe hym to be a fatte olde man he thought hym to be of no regarde and kylled hym Of tenne thousande Romanes scarsly sixe thousande saued themselues at Carpesso a Sea Towne whyche I thynke was called of the Grecians Tartessus in the whyche Arganthonius reigned who they say lyued a hundred and fiftie yeare The Treasurer that came with Vettilius followyng them that went to Carpesso séeing them afrayde kepte them in the Citie and made them kéepe the wall And when he had gotten fiue thousande of the Bellans and Titthians accordyng as he desired hée sente them agaynste Viriatus whome he kylled not one béeing lefte to bryng tydings home The treasourer remayning in the Citie lookyng for newesfrom Rome durst doe nothyng Viriatus in the meane season inuaded the plentifull and abundant soyle of the Carpetanes whyche he spoyled without feare tyll Caius Plautius came with tenne thousande footemen and thrée hundred horsemen Then Viriatus pretended to flée Plautius sent foure thousand to follow him vpon whome Viriatus turned and killed all saue a fewe Then he passed the â—â—oud Tagus and camped in an hill full of Oliues yet called by the name of Venus Plautius finding him héere and desirous to heale his former wounde gaue him battell wherein he was ouercome with great losse of men and fledde with shame and kepte in strong Cities and as men be wont in winter he durst neuer come forthe all that Sommer Viriatus raunged the Countrey and toke money of the owners for the saue theyr haruest whyche if they denyed hym he wasted all At Rome when this was knowen they sente Q. Fabius Maximus that was Paulus Aemilius sonne that ouercame Perseus Kyng of Macedonia and gaue hym authoritie to gather men hymselfe He bycause of late they hadde gotte Grecia and Carâ—hage and made a prosperous ende of the thirde warre of Macedonia to gyue some respect to the olde Souldioures that were come from thence hée tooke vp two legions of yong men vnexpert in warre and sente for ayde of hys friendes and came to Orsona a Citie in Spayne The contente of hys armye was fiftéene thousande footemen and two thousande Horsemen in the whyche place not myndyng to beginne the warre tyll he hadde trayned hys Souldioures he wente to Gades to sacrifice to Hercules Viriatus méeting with some of them that were gone a foraging kylled the most parte of them and putte the rest in feare who being called agayne to theyr Ensigne of theyr Captayne he ouercame them and spoyled them of a greate prey When Maximus was come he was ofte in the fielde and prouoked hym to fyghte Maximus thoughte it not good to auenture the whole fyght but continued in exercising hys Souldioures and suffered hys souldioures to skirmishe that by that meane he myghte trie the hearies both of hys owne and of hys enimies When they shoulde goe for victuall hée garded them wyth many shotte and Horsemen he riding to them as he had séene his father Paulus doe in Macedonia When Winter was past and he hadde sufficiently exercised hys Souldioures he was the seconde of whome Viriatus was ouerthrowen and putte to flighte doyng all thé partes that belongeth to a Generall And so of two Cities which he helâ— he toke one and burned another And when he had driuen him to a strong place whiche was called Vecor he killed many and in winter he wente to lye at Corduba Wherefore Viriatus not illuding hys enimie now as he was wont he induced the Aruacceans the Titthians and Bellans warlike people whiche were at a warre of themselues to reuolte
kil themselues and some their children also rather than they shoulde bée â—â—aues Manye citties that then helde with Brutus rebetled shortely after and were subdued of hym againe And for these causes when he came to Labrica that had ofte made peace with him then were disobedient they desired pardon and woulde doe all things at his commaundement He required hostages the Romaine râ—nneawaies and all their armour and lastly that they should leaue their Cittie Al the whiche when they hadde done he called them quietly to an assembly and when he had compassed them with his army he put them in remembraunce how oft they had reuolted and made warre and made them so afraide as they might feare a worse punishement In the ende â—eing satisfied with that rebuke he refrayned from â—urder paine But he tooke from them horse corne and common money and all other publike preparation and beside all their hope suffered them to lyue in their country â–ª Which things when he had thus done he returned to Rome I haue declared al this in the historie of Viriatus In this time other folowing his example exercised robberies and Viriatus â–ª that he might come to some end sente Ditalâ—one and Minâ—râ— to Caepio the whiche being corrupted by many promisesâ— vndertooke to kill Viriatus The matter was tâ—us handled Viriâ—tus vâ—ed little sléepe after moste greate laboures and â—or the moste parte slepte armed that he might be readye at all soâ—â—â—ne chaunâ—es For this cause it was lawfull for hys friends to come to hym by night Whiche manner the conspiratoures knowing and marking the firste houre of hys sléepe entred hys house armed â–ª as for some greate matter and cut hys throate â–ª for in any other parte they could not hurte him And when no man â—eardâ— the noise of the déede for the facilitie of the cutte they escaped to Caepio and required their rewarde To whome he â—orthwith gaue al they did possesse and whatsoeuer was in their power but as touching their rewarde â—ée sente them â—o Roâ—e Viriatus friends and the whole army when it was â—aye â—arried for him and thinking he had rested maruelled at that alteration and so went in and found him dead in his armour wherfore great sorrowe was made in al the Campe euerye man lamenting his harde happe thinking on the danger they were in and the Captaine they had loste and it moste grieued them that they coulde not fynd the killers Therefore they burned his body with muche honoure vppon a great stacke killing many sacrifices in his reuerence and as well the footemen as the horsmen after the Barbarian manner wente aboute the fyre and extolled him to heauen with their praise At laste when the fire was out and the funerals finished they made many turneymeÌ„ts hand to hand at his sepulchre so great loue and desire did Viriatus leaue to his men who thoughe he were a Barbarian yet he was moste skilfull in gouernement most warie in perils and aboue all other bolde in â—espisyng them and moste iuste in diuiding his pray For he could neuer be brought to take any whitte more than the reste althoughe hée were desired and that hée tooke he gaue to the valiant â—ort Wherby it came to passe that is most harde and to this daye hath not happened to any Captaine that hys armye gathered of all kinde of nations eighte yeares togither whiche the warre continued was euer most obedient to him without mutinie and endured to the vttermost moste ready to abide all daunger And when they had created Tantalus for their Captaine they went towarde Sâ—gunt which Cittie when Annibal had destroyed and restored he called it Carthage of the name of his country And being driuen from theÌ„â—e by Caepa that was alwaies at their backes when he had passed the floude Betis béeing wearye he yéelded himselfe and his army to Caepa He tooke al hys armor and appoynted them a good land to lyue in that they shoulde no more be driuen to robbe Nowe oure history shall retourne to the warres of the Vacceans and the Numantines whom Viriatus caused to reuolt Caecilius Metellus sent from Rome with more men shortely ouercame the Vacceans whereby the reste were disco mâ—â—ted put in feare c. ¶ There remayned yet Termantia and Numantia in an hylly place diuided with two floudes and compassed with hylles and thicke wooddes bending into the playne onely one waye at the which part it was fortified with many ditches and pillâ—urs ouerthwart The Numantines were good eight thousand meÌ„ bothe on horse and foote and with so small a number suche was their manlinesse they put the Romanes to muche paine Metellus at the ende of winter deliuered his army to Q. Metellus Aulus his successor in the which was thirtie thousaÌ„d footemen and two thousand horsmen wel armed and practised c. ¶ And when Pompeius had his campe at Numantia from thence went into a certaine place the Numantines descending from an hil destroyed his horsemen that ranne to him Who when hée was retourned broughte foorthe his batayle to fyghte in the playne The enimies comming down gaue a charge vpon hym and by by as though they had bin afraide retired vnto the hil till they had brought theÌ„ to the places where the ditches and ouerthwart beames were layde so as Pompey perceyuing he was in these skirmishes ouermatched of them that were inferioure to hym he tourned hys armie towarde Termantia thinking to doe better there where they fought with him to his losse of seauen hundred Beside that the Termantines put a Tribune to flight that was comming with victuals and in one day giuyng thrée onsets on the Romaynes they droue them thrice into sharpe and rocky places and threwe many of their footemen and horsemen togither with their horses from the hylles and rockes so as the reste being afraide remayned al night in armor and when it was day comming foorth in order of battaile they fought doubtfullye till night ended the fight Pompey in the night made hast to Malia wyth his horsemen whiche place the Numantines helde with a garrison But the Malians killing the garrison by treason deliuered the Citie to Pompey who receyuing armoure and pledges of them went to Sueditania which a certayne Capitaine named Tanginus did spoyle wyth his armie Pompey fought with him and ouerthrewe him and tooke manye of hys souldyoures But suche manhoode was in these théeues as none of them woulde lyue Captiue but some killed themselues some theyr Maisters some made holes in the â—hip that caried theÌ„ to sincke it Pompey beyng returned to Numantia went about to turne the floude that was in the playne an other waye that he mighte presse the Citie with famine The Townsemen droue the labourers from their worke and comming by bandes without trumpet they threwe darts and arrowes vpon them that they should â–ª not tourne the floude and fought at hande with them that
prouoke the Romanes into hate of the Embassadors They fel vpon the earthe and with their hands and heads did beate it some tore their garments and defiled their bodies as driuen beside themselues When the passion was paste a great silence and astonishmeÌ„t appeared as though they had bin dead The Romanes were amazed and the Consulls knew they were stricken wyth the strange commandement wold be in that passion for a time perceiuing very well that greatest griefs doe strike most vehemently at the first but in time necessitie causeth boldnesse to obey Thus were the Carthaginians asflicted and with their silence féeling greater matter they ceased their disdainefulnesse fel to wéeping and lamenting themselues and their children and their wiues by name and their Country as though it hadde hearde them as a man speaking many lamentable things The priests called vppon their holy things and their Gods as thoughe they had bin present laying their destruction vppon them There was a confused and miserable mourning of them that broughte both publique and priuate things that it made the Romaynes themselues to wéepe The Consulls were also stricken wyth suche humaine mutation and with seuere manner abode the fulnesse of the matter When they had ceased wéeping they waxed silent again considering that their city was naked and vnarmed hauing neither ship sword dart nor engine nor meÌ„ sufficient to resist .l. M. being destroyed of late straungers ayde had they none nor friend nor confederate nor tyme Their enimies had all their children their armour their land and came armed againste their Citie with Shyppes footmen engines and horse 〈◊〉 another enimye was at their sides They refraâ—d from rage and choller as nothing profiting in calamities They turned againe to reasoÌ„ And Hanno that is called Gylla obtaining 〈◊〉 to speak said thus If there be any regarde with you O Romanes of oure former spéeches we would speake not as they that can bring forth any thing to â—ustiâ—e vs for there is no resistaunce in tyme to the afflicted but that you maye learne it is not without reason or cause that you shoulde haue pittie of vs We hauing dominion in Libya and the sea haue manye times contended with you for the Soueraintie and aâ— length gaue place to Scipio when we deliuered our ships and Elephants to you and agréed to giue you tribute and gaue them in time Then forthe Gods â—hâ—t be iudges spare vs spare vs also for the othe that Scipio made vs that the Romanes should be friends and consederates to the Carthaginians There is not wherein we haue offended we haue neither ships nor Elephants nor haue lefte oure tributes but wée haue taken your part against iij. Kings and it ought not to displease you if wée saide thys before when we deliuered you â—â—r armoure For misery maketh men speake muche nothyng is more strong in supplications â–ª than couenaunts made nor wée haue any other thing for our refuge but words séeyng we haue deliuered to you all oure strength Of these former thinges 〈◊〉 O Romanes was our assuraunce Of the present you Consuls be â—â—â—â—ours and witnesse with vs You required pledges and he brought them to you of the beste sorte You requyred armour and you haue it al which they that are tâ—ken with â—iege wil not willingly deliuer we haue trusted the Romane custome and manner for the â—â—â—nate commaunded vs and you when â—â—u required pledges â—aâ—â—e that 〈◊〉 shoulde be frée when you hadde them but if it were added that we shoulde receyue the reste of the commaundements â–ª it is not right that you affyrmyng in plaine speeche that â—ure Cittie shoulde bee frée after the reâ—â—it of the pledges to appointe the ouerthrowe of Carthage it self If you thinke you may desiroy it how can you giue it libertie or to be of it selfe as you say This wée haue to saye of the former league and of that your selues haue donâ— If thys will not be accepted of you wée gyue ouer all and that which is onely lefte to men in miserye we flée to complainte and prayer Much prayer is requisite for the multitude of euills Wée béeseeche you for the auntient Citie inhabited by the Oracle of the Gods and for the great glorie that it had and the name that is spred ouer all the earth and for the holy things that be so manye in it and for the Goddes that haue not offended whose solemnities pompes and feastes do not spoile nor the sepultures and funeralls since none of the deade men haue done you anye iniurie If any pitie be in you saying you pitie vs if you suffer vs to haue dwelling place spare the place of publique assemblye spare the Countrey Ceremonies spare the God of Counsell and all other that to them that be aliue be fruiteful and honorable What néede you haue anye feare of Carthage when you haue oure Shippes armoure and our Elephantes that be enuied Touching our habitation if you wil so comfort vs is it impossible for men that haue liued in the sea to dwel in y maine land of them an infinite number doth occupy the sea We giue you a choice more for our contentation and your glorie Suffer the Cittie to stande â–ª that hathe hurte none of you and kill vs whom you woulde haue remoue So shall you séeme to be angry with men and not with holy things Gods and Sepulchres and the Cittie that hathe not offended You Romanes haue had regard of good fame and rightwisenesse in all your workes and you shewe modestie in prosperitie add this you vse toward all that you take Remembre Iupiter and the other Goddes that yet haue Carthage and doe not bring euills vppon you and youre children do not blotte your good fame first vppon vs nor deface youre glorye wyth suche an acte euill to be done and euill to bée hearde of and begon first of you afore all other lyuing There haue béene manye warres betwéene the Gretians and the Barbarians and manye béetwéene you Romanes and others yet was there neuer anye that defaced a Citye giuing their handes afore fight and deliuering theyr armour and children and if there be any hurte in the worlde to sufer it patiently Bringing to you the Goddes sworne the fortune of man and the moste fearfull Goddes of reuengeaunce to them that be in felicitie Wée beséeche you not to dishonoure your selues vpon our state that hath prospered neyther to bring youre felicitie into infamye giue vs leaue if you will not suffer vs to haue oure Cittie to sende Embassadoures againe to the Senate to make intercession You sée a little distance of time but bringing an heape of long torments in a shorte while for the duety of the thing to come For it is in youre power to doe what you will either nowe or shortly after Let pittie and humanitie be present with you This said Hanno The Consulls euidently séemed sad all the while he spake bycause they could graunt them nothing and