king_n revenue_n arise_v within_o their_o district_n and_o may_v discount_n a_o four_o part_n for_o their_o trouble_n jurisdiction_n the_o starostas_fw-la without_o jurisdiction_n be_v those_o who_o be_v proper_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o exercise_v justice_n unless_o in_o very_o slight_a case_n office_n burgraves_n and_o tribune_n have_v the_o custody_n of_o castle_n fort_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v to_o keep_v constant_a guard_n there_o either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o deputy_n these_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o starostas_fw-la starostaship_n the_o revenue_n of_o starostaship_n partly_o arise_v from_o agriculture_n and_o partly_o from_o manufacture_n and_o handicraft_n they_o have_v be_v sometime_o know_v to_o have_v be_v mortgage_v to_o raise_v the_o king_n revenue_n more_o speedy_o especial_o those_o without_o jurisdiction_n what_o here_o likewise_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o mine_n call_v zuppars_n in_o polish_v may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o 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every_o palatin_n or_o his_o deputy_n in_o his_o own_o respective_a government_n forthwith_o dispatch_v notice_n to_o all_o the_o castellan_n starostas_n and_o other_o gentry_n require_v they_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n to_o meet_v together_o in_o order_n to_o deliberate_v on_o the_o article_n and_o affair_n propose_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n as_o likewise_o to_o choose_v a_o nuncio_n or_o deputy_n to_o represent_v their_o intention_n and_o decision_n in_o the_o great_a diet._n these_o letter_n be_v proclaim_v by_o a_o herald_n call_v by_o the_o pole_n wozny_n and_o afterward_o past_v up_o upon_o all_o the_o town-gate_n and_o church-door_n these_o assembly_n in_o the_o province_n be_v term_v by_o they_o comitiola_n in_o the_o polish_v language_n seymiki_n or_o little_a diet_n in_o case_n of_o extremity_n six_o week_n notice_n need_v not_o be_v give_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o year_n 1638._o meet_v the_o several_a place_n these_o little_a diet_n meet_v at_o 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and_o town_n of_o witebsko_n orska_n briescia_n or_o polesia_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o briescia_n pinsko_n mscislaw_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o msceislaw_n minsk_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o minsk_n modzir_fw-it reczycza_fw-it prussia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o prussia_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o pomerania_n marienburg_n culm_n elbing_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o imprimis_fw-la in_o all_o the_o district_n then_o in_o stargar-stuma_a die_v michalovia_n and_o graudentz_n elbing_n russia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o russia_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o russia_n in_o five_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o leopol_n praemislaw_n sanoch_n halitz_n chelm_fw-ge belsko_fw-mi podolia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o belsko_n caminiec_fw-la since_o caminiec_n be_v take_v by_o the_o turk_n its_o little_a diet_n meet_v at_o leopol_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o kiovia_n braclaw_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o
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casimir_n iii_o king_n of_o poland_n surname_v the_o great_a regain_v it_o in_o 1454_o and_o grant_v very_o great_a privilege_n to_o the_o citizen_n who_o afterward_o declare_v for_o the_o auspurg-confession_n side_v with_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n against_o stephen_n batori_fw-la insomuch_o that_o the_o latter_a proscribe_v and_o even_o besiege_v they_o in_o 1577._o but_o however_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o other_o prince_n they_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o religion_n and_o liberty_n in_o 1597._o in_o 1656._o they_o vigorous_o repulse_v the_o suede_n and_o adhere_v to_o the_o interest_n of_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o at_o present_a they_o make_v one_o of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o state_n have_v be_v admit_v to_o a_o suffrage_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o polish_v monarch_n in_o the_o year_n 1632._o king_n this_o my_o lord_n be_v what_o i_o have_v be_v able_a to_o gather_v from_o dr._n connor_n memoir_n and_o the_o best_a author_n that_o have_v write_v 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leisure_n to_o accomplish_v it_o himself_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o urgency_n of_o his_o profession_n desire_v of_o i_o to_o address_v it_o for_o he_o but_o upon_o a_o just_a reflection_n on_o the_o meanness_n of_o my_o ability_n and_o a_o awful_a regard_n to_o your_o lordship_n grandeur_n i_o find_v i_o have_v more_o than_o ordinary_a reason_n to_o decline_v it_o yet_o however_o upon_o balance_v your_o goodness_n with_o your_o great_a quality_n and_o consider_v my_o well_o mean_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o my_o attempt_n i_o hope_v i_o may_v not_o be_v so_o unfortunate_a as_o to_o offend_v if_o i_o undertake_v it_o and_o the_o rather_o because_o of_o the_o great_a conformity_n which_o the_o subject_n i_o be_v to_o write_v of_o have_v with_o the_o hope_n which_o the_o nation_n have_v in_o you_o my_o lord_n order_n your_o lordship_n will_v here_o find_v that_o this_o order_n be_v first_o found_v to_o reward_n and_o encourage_v great_a action_n and_o that_o particular_o in_o the_o german_a nation_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o have_v the_o title_n of_o teutonic_n for_o when_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n barberossa_n have_v engage_v in_o the_o crusade_n for_o recovery_n of_o the_o holy-land_n a_o great_a number_n of_o german_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n join_v his_o army_n as_o volunteer_n of_o this_o crusade_n be_v several_a other_o great_a prince_n of_o europe_n such_o as_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n richard_n i._o king_n of_o england_n frederic_n duke_n of_o suabia_n the_o duke_n of_o austria_n and_o bavaria_n philip_n earl_n of_o flanders_n plorant_fw-la earl_n of_o holland_n etc._n etc._n after_o this_o emperor_n death_n the_o german_n be_v before_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n which_o they_o then_o besiege_v choose_v for_o their_o leader_n frederick_n duke_n of_o suabia_n second_o son_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a emperor_n and_o henry_n duke_n of_o brabant_n under_o these_o general_n they_o behave_v themselves_o so_o well_o both_o at_o the_o take_n of_o acon_n jerusalem_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o holy-land_n that_o henry_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n the_o patriarch_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o do_v something_o extraordinary_a in_o honour_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n hereupon_o they_o immediate_o resolve_v to_o erect_v a_o order_n of_o knight_n of_o that_o nation_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o st._n george_n but_o afterward_o they_o change_v that_o saint_n for_o the_o virgin_n mary_n by_o reason_n that_o she_o have_v a_o hospital_n already_o found_v on_o mount_n zion_n at_o jerusalem_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o german_a pilgrim_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o building_n which_o ashmole_n in_o his_o order_n of_o the_o garter_n give_v this_o follow_a account_n jerusalem_n he_o say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o holy-war_n a_o wealthy_a gentleman_n of_o germany_n who_o dwell_v at_o jerusalem_n commiserate_v the_o condition_n of_o his_o countryman_n come_v thither_o on_o devotion_n and_o neither_o understanding_n the_o language_n of_o that_o place_n nor_o know_v where_o to_o lodge_v receive_v they_o hospitable_o into_o his_o house_n and_o give_v they_o all_o manner_n of_o suitable_a entertainment_n afterward_o obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o patriarch_n he_o erect_v a_o chapel_n for_o they_o and_o dedicate_v it_o to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n whence_o the_o knight_n that_o be_v establish_v there_o afterward_o come_v to_o have_v the_o title_n of_o equites_fw-la mariani_n other_o german_a gentleman_n contribute_v large_o to_o the_o maintain_n and_o increase_n this_o charitable_a work_n insomuch_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n these_o knight_n become_v very_o numerous_a and_o wealthy_a and_o give_v themselves_o to_o military_a employment_n and_o to_o act_n of_o piety_n and_o charity_n title_n in_o the_o year_n 1190_o they_o elect_v their_o first_o great_a master_n henry_n walpot_n and_o in_o the_o year_n follow_v have_v their_o order_n confirm_v upon_o the_o request_n of_o
under_o his_o administration_n of_o affair_n the_o prussian_n be_v total_o reduce_v after_o 7_o year_n enjoyment_n of_o his_o office_n he_o abdicate_v it_o and_o live_v afterward_o at_o rhodes_n where_o he_o lie_v bury_v 1290._o the_o ten_o great_a master_n be_v conrade_z de_fw-fr feuchtwangen_n who_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n rodolfe_n i._o and_o pope_n nicholas_n iu._n although_o this_o order_n make_v considerable_a progress_n under_o his_o administration_n yet_o at_o length_n it_o receive_v a_o great_a check_n in_o syria_n where_o the_o city_n of_o acon_n which_o have_v be_v the_o chief_a seat_n of_o this_o order_n for_o some_o time_n be_v take_v by_o the_o sultan_n of_o egypt_n he_o die_v at_o prague_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o trebnicz_n 1297._o the_o eleven_o great_a master_n be_v godfrey_n count_n of_o hohenloh_n who_o be_v elect_v adolphus_n be_v emperor_n and_o celestine_n v._o pope_n he_o be_v a_o venetian_a bear_v and_o govern_v this_o order_n 10_o year_n he_o retake_v riga_n in_o livonia_n from_o the_o russian_n and_o cause_v its_o fortification_n to_o be_v demolish_v but_o not_o long_o after_o he_o restore_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n have_v build_v a_o castle_n there_o to_o awe_v they_o he_o at_o length_n resign_v his_o office_n and_o die_v in_o germany_n 1307._o the_o twelve_o great_a master_n be_v sigfridus_n the_o feuchtwangen_n in_o the_o time_n of_o albert_n duke_n of_o austria_n be_v emperor_n and_o clement_n pope_n he_o remove_v his_o seat_n from_o marpurg_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o marienburg_n for_o this_o order_n have_v reside_v there_o ever_o since_o their_o be_v oblige_v to_o leave_n syria_n this_o master_n rule_v only_o 2_o year_n and_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n 1309._o the_o thirteen_o great_a master_n be_v charles_n beffart_n elect_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n henry_n and_o the_o pontificate_n of_o pope_n clement_n v._o he_o be_v a_o very_a wise_a and_o warlike_a person_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1312_o found_v the_o castle_n of_o memula_n in_o courland_n to_o hinder_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n upon_o his_o return_n from_o rome_n whither_o he_o have_v be_v cite_v for_o and_o clear_v of_o maladministration_n he_o die_v at_o vienna_n where_o he_o lie_v bury_v 1322._o the_o fourteen_o great_a master_n be_v vernerus_n urselensis_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n lewis_n v._o and_o pope_n john_n he_o execute_v his_o trust_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o fidelity_n and_o bravery_n and_o be_v afterward_o murder_v by_o a_o brother_n of_o the_o order_n one_o john_n bunsdorfius_n while_o he_o be_v go_v out_o of_o the_o church_n from_o vesper_n 1325._o the_o fifteen_o great_a master_n be_v lewis_n d._n of_o brunswick_n he_o be_v a_o very_a prudent_a and_o pious_a man_n but_o rule_v only_o four_o year_n 1329._o the_o sixteen_o great_a master_n be_v districhus_n count_n algemburg_n elect_v when_o he_o be_v 80_o year_n old_a he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a eloquence_n authority_n and_o justice_n after_o have_v build_v st._n mary_n church_n at_o marienburg_n he_o die_v at_o thorn_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o st._n ann_n in_o marienburg_n 1339._o the_o seventeen_o great_a master_n be_v rodolfe_n duke_n of_o saxony_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n lewis_n v._o and_o pope_n benedict_n xi_o he_o gather_v great_a force_n together_o and_o besiege_a and_o take_v neumarcovia_n in_o the_o interim_n the_o lithuanian_n invade_v prussia_n overrun_v all_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n which_o this_o good_a master_n take_v so_o much_o to_o heart_n that_o he_o first_o become_v mad_a then_o be_v depose_v from_o his_o office_n and_o afterward_o die_v of_o grief_n at_o marienwerder_n where_o he_o be_v bury_v 1342._o the_o eighteentth_n great_a master_n be_v henry_n de_fw-fr desmer_n or_o tuchmer_n elect_v in_o the_o pontificate_n of_o clement_n vi_o he_o have_v a_o famous_a battle_n with_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o russian_n wherein_o he_o kill_v above_o 10000_o of_o the_o enemy_n he_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n 1348._o the_o nineteen_o great_a master_n be_v henry_n de_fw-fr kniprodien_fw-mi elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n clement_n vi_o and_o of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iii_o the_o forego_v war_n with_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o russian_n break_v out_o a_o fresh_a in_o his_o time_n wherein_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n keystutus_n be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o carry_v to_o marienburg_n whence_o he_o afterward_o escape_v by_o mean_n of_o a_o servant_n in_o this_o great_a master_n time_n one_o of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a great_a duke_n become_v a_o christian_a at_o koningsberg_n and_o afterward_o be_v make_v a_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iv._o during_o his_o administration_n which_o be_v about_o 31_o year_n this_o order_n abound_v in_o learned_a men._n he_o die_v at_o marienburg_n and_o be_v there_o bury_v 1379._o the_o twenty_o great_a master_n be_v conrade_n zolner_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n wenceslaus_n and_o of_o pope_n urban_n vi_o he_o have_v several_a contest_v with_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o samogitian_n during_o the_o several_a reign_n of_o keystutus_n jagello_n votoldus_n and_o suidrigielo_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n he_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n after_o 8_o year_n administration_n of_o the_o government_n of_o this_o order_n 1388._o the_o twenty_o first_o adhere_v master_n be_v conrade_z de_fw-fr valenroden_n elect_v during_o the_o papacy_n of_o pope_n boniface_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o a_o very_a warlike_a disposition_n but_o withal_o of_o a_o odd_a temper_n he_o hate_v and_o refuse_v his_o ecclesiastical_a brother_n access_n to_o he_o at_o the_o hour_n of_o his_o death_n in_o his_o time_n this_o order_n make_v a_o descent_n upon_o lithuania_n by_o way_n of_o the_o river_n niemen_n and_o build_v three_o magazine_n near_o the_o castle_n of_o cowno_n by_o help_n of_o which_o they_o make_v great_a devastation_n in_o that_o country_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n 1394._o the_o twenty_o second_v great_a master_n be_v conrade_z de_fw-fr jungingen_n he_o be_v of_o a_o very_a peaceable_a temper_n and_o therefore_o not_o much_o belove_v by_o his_o order_n however_o he_o rule_v 12_o year_n and_o afterward_o die_v at_o marienburg_n and_o be_v there_o bury_v 1404._o the_o twenty_o third_z great_a master_n be_v ulric_n the_o jungingen_n brother_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a conrade_n he_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n rupert_n and_o of_o pope_n gregory_n xii_o he_o be_v of_o a_o warlike_a temper_n and_o to_o that_o degree_n that_o he_o deviate_v not_o a_o little_a from_o his_o order_n he_o persecute_v his_o brother_n and_o take_v several_a of_o their_o possession_n from_o they_o after_o several_a war_n have_v with_o the_o pole_n and_o lithuanian_n jagello_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o vitoldus_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n give_v he_o a_o total_a overthrow_n wherein_o this_o great_a master_n with_o about_o 200_o commendador_n and_o 5000_o other_o knight_n be_v kill_v and_o his_o general_n take_v prisoner_n although_o at_o the_o first_o onset_n the_o lithuanian_n lose_v about_o 7000_o men._n 1406._o the_o twenty_o four_o great_a master_n be_v henry_n count_n of_o plaven_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n and_o pope_n john_n this_o person_n be_v resolve_v to_o revenge_v the_o late_a overthrow_n on_o the_o pole_n but_o before_o he_o can_v effect_v any_o thing_n considerable_a he_o be_v depose_v throw_v into_o prison_n at_o engelsburg_n and_o thence_o remove_v to_o lecksteg_n where_o after_o 7_o year_n confinement_n he_o die_v in_o chain_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n 1414._o the_o twenty_o fifth_z great_a master_n be_v michael_n the_o sterbergen_n steward_n of_o the_o household_n to_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n in_o the_o very_a first_o year_n of_o his_o government_n jagello_n and_o vitoldus_n take_v from_o he_o and_o destroy_v several_a city_n but_o be_v at_o length_n force_v to_o retire_v he_o govern_v this_o order_n 9_o year_n but_o afterward_o desire_v his_o quietus_n he_o obtain_v it_o die_v at_o dantzic_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n 1323._o the_o twenty_o six_z great_a master_n be_v paul_n the_o rusdorfien_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n martin_n during_o his_o administration_n several_a of_o the_o province_n and_o city_n of_o prussia_n shake_v off_o the_o teutonic_n yoke_n and_o revolt_v to_o casimir_n iv._o king_n of_o poland_n he_o enjoy_v this_o office_n nine_o year_n also_o but_o die_v be_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n 1432._o the_o twenty_o seven_o adhere_v master_n be_v conrade_n ab_fw-la herlingshausen_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n albert_n iii_o this_o great_a master_n treat_v casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n at_o thorn_n where_o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v a_o inviolable_a
curland_n as_o baron_n blomberg_n say_v be_v not_o total_o subdue_v till_o about_o the_o year_n 1488_o when_o it_o be_v conquer_v by_o order_n of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n who_o for_o some_o time_n before_o have_v be_v invite_v thither_o by_o volquinus_n the_o ii_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n degree_n the_o first_o effort_n to_o convert_v livonia_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n be_v make_v by_o ansgarius_n the_o danish_a and_o suedish_n apostle_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o adam_n of_o breme_n in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o northern_a nation_n afterward_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o xith_o century_n a_o certain_a merchant_n by_o order_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n build_v a_o church_n there_o but_o which_o have_v little_a effect_n till_o a_o succeed_a king_n of_o denmark_n waldemar_n ii_o found_v a_o bishopric_n in_o this_o country_n however_o christianity_n gain_v but_o little_a ground_n in_o livonia_n till_o near_o the_o xiith_o century_n about_o the_o year_n 1180_o when_o 1180._o meinhard_n de_fw-fr segeberg_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lubec_n make_v further_o advance_v therein_o and_o be_v first_o ordain_v bishop_n of_o livonia_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o breme_n 1194._o to_o he_o succeed_v berthold_n abbot_n of_o cisteaux_n in_o france_n who_o begin_v to_o build_v riga_n and_o who_o be_v first_o style_v bishop_n and_o afterward_o archbishop_n thereof_o this_o archbishop_n be_v kill_v the_o same_o year_n he_o be_v elect_v in_o a_o battle_n against_o the_o infidel_n 1194._o next_o come_v one_o albert_n to_o be_v choose_v in_o who_o time_n the_o order_n of_o livonian_a knight_n be_v institute_v by_o the_o pope_n to_o make_v a_o speedy_a progress_n in_o plant_v the_o christian_a religion_n here_o 1205._o the_o first_o master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v vinno_n who_o build_v wenda_n segenwald_n and_o ascherod_n in_o his_o time_n likewise_o waldemar_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n build_v reval_n nerva_n and_o wittenburg_n in_o eastland_n and_o pilten_n in_o curland_n where_o he_o have_v before_o establish_v a_o bishopric_n there_o go_v a_o story_n of_o the_o sound_n of_o this_o city_n which_o be_v this_o when_o king_n waldemar_n have_v resolve_v to_o build_v here_o he_o demand_v of_o ernemodus_n the_o bishop_n which_o he_o have_v appoint_v over_o that_o diocese_n where_o he_o shall_v lay_v the_o foundation_n to_o which_o the_o bishop_n reply_v if_o your_o majesty_n please_v let_v it_o be_v yonder_o where_o that_o boy_n stand_v hence_o it_o seem_v the_o city_n come_v to_o have_v the_o name_n of_o pilten_n that_o word_n in_o the_o idiom_n of_o this_o country_n as_o pontanus_n affirm_v signify_v a_o boy_n or_o servant_n vinno_n after_o 18_o year_n administration_n of_o this_o government_n resign_v it_o to_o 1223._o volquinus_n who_o in_o the_o same_o year_n build_v felin_n in_o eastland_n afterward_o this_o master_n in_o the_o year_n 1234_o request_v of_o herman_n a_o salza_n great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n in_o prussia_n that_o his_o order_n may_v be_v admit_v to_o have_v the_o same_o rule_n and_o habit_n with_o they_o but_o which_o be_v at_o that_o time_n refuse_v nevertheless_o after_o the_o death_n of_o volquinus_n it_o be_v obtain_v in_o the_o year_n 1238_o and_o confirm_v soon_o after_o by_o pope_n gregory_n ix_o and_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n ii_o 1238._o hereupon_o herman_n bà lke_n be_v dispatch_v from_o the_o prussian_a order_n to_o the_o livonian_a knight_n to_o be_v their_o provincial_a master_n 1240._o next_o come_v heinric_n ab_fw-la heimburg_n to_o be_v their_o master_n neither_o who_o nor_o his_o predecessor_n herman_n balk_v molest_v the_o curlander_n with_o war_n who_o as_o yet_o continue_v pagan_n as_o volquinus_n and_o vinno_n have_v do_v 1248._o after_o he_o dietericus_n a_o groningen_n be_v elect_v and_o send_v from_o prussia_n for_o their_o provincial_a master_n he_o march_v against_o the_o curlander_n with_o all_o his_o force_n and_o take_v in_o several_a place_n that_o oppose_v he_o and_o afterward_o build_v goldingen_n in_o the_o province_n of_o curland_n hereupon_o the_o curlander_n fear_v that_o they_o may_v be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v the_o christian_a doctrine_n against_o their_o will_n submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o protection_n of_o mindog_n then_o duke_n of_o lithuania_n although_o the_o lithuanian_a writer_n say_v that_o curland_n have_v long_o before_o that_o be_v under_o their_o jurisdiction_n 1250._o the_o four_o provincial_a master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n be_v andrew_n a_o stuckland_n who_o manage_v his_o affair_n so_o vigorous_o that_o the_o semigallian_a pagan_n soon_o submit_v to_o pay_v tribute_n and_o obedience_n to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o this_o master_n the_o aforesaid_a mindog_n have_v formal_o receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o lithuania_n by_o henry_n bishop_n of_o culm_n and_o albert_n archbishop_n of_o riga_n by_o a_o order_n from_o pope_n innocent_n iu._n he_o among_o other_o province_n restore_v curland_n to_o the_o livonian_a order_n in_o the_o year_n 1252._o notwithstanding_o this_o voluntary_a concession_n to_o these_o knight_n yet_o be_v not_o the_o curlander_n to_o be_v so_o easy_o subject_v for_o we_o find_v in_o almost_o all_o the_o follow_a master_n life_n that_o they_o have_v various_a war_n with_o these_o people_n master_n the_o five_o provincial_a master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v eberth_n c._n a_o seine_n master_n the_o six_o provincial_a master_n be_v hanno_n the_o sangerhausen_n master_n the_o seven_o provincial_a master_n be_v burghardus_fw-la ab_fw-la hornhusen_n master_n the_o eight_o provincial_a master_n be_v georgius_n ab_fw-la eikstet_fw-la master_n the_o nine_o provincial_a master_n be_v vernerus_n a_o breithusen_n master_n the_o ten_o provincial_a master_n be_v conrade_n a_o mandern_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1269_o build_v mittaw_n in_o semigallia_n master_n the_o eleven_o provincial_a master_n be_v otho_n a_o rodenstein_n master_n the_o twelve_o provincial_a master_n be_v andrew_n who_o surname_n be_v forget_v r_o the_o thirteen_o provincial_a master_n be_v walter_n a_o nordeck_n master_n the_o fourteen_o provincial_a master_n be_v ernestus_n a_o rasborg_n master_n the_o fifteen_o provincial_a master_n be_v conrade_n a_o feuchtwangen_n master_n the_o sixteen_o provincial_a master_n be_v willekenus_n a_o schurborcg_n slay_v in_o battle_n 1488._o the_o seventeen_o provincial_a master_n be_v conrade_n herzogenstein_n under_o who_o administration_n the_o sturdy_a semigallian_n be_v total_o subdue_v although_o some_o say_v they_o afterward_o give_v frequent_a disturbance_n to_o this_o order_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o provincial_a master_n name_n i_o do_v not_o find_v till_o we_o come_v to_o 1513._o walter_n plettenberg_n who_o upon_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburgh_n resign_v his_o order_n to_o sigismundus_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n obtain_v leave_v from_o that_o great_a master_n to_o be_v free_v from_o his_o subjection_n which_o happen_v about_o the_o year_n 1513._o from_o that_o time_n the_o livonian_a master_n be_v accustom_a by_o consent_n of_o their_o chapter_n to_o nominate_v assistant_n in_o their_o office_n such_o be_v abso-master_n william_n fursteberg_n assistant_n or_o coadjutor_n to_o henry_n a_o galen_n the_o four_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n and_o master_n gothotre_v ketler_n coadjutor_n to_o william_n plettenberg_n the_o five_o absolute_a master_n of_o this_o order_n under_o this_o master_n luther_n doctrine_n prevail_v in_o several_a city_n of_o livonia_n such_o as_o riga_n reval_n dorpat_o etc._n etc._n 1560._o the_o last_o absolute_a master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v gothotre_v ketler_n who_o be_v afterward_o make_v duke_n of_o curland_n and_o semigallia_n by_o sigismundus_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n order_n the_o seat_n of_o this_o order_n from_o the_o first_o institution_n thereof_o have_v be_v at_o several_a place_n but_o however_o general_o be_v at_o riga_n on_o the_o river_n duna_n but_o which_o they_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v about_o the_o year_n 1558_o when_o john_n basilowitz_n tyrant_n of_o muscovy_n come_v with_o a_o dreadful_a army_n and_o destroy_v the_o adjacent_a country_n threaten_v likewise_o to_o conquer_v livonia_n hereupon_o the_o livonian_a knight_n immediate_o address_v themselves_o to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n v._o for_o assistance_n but_o he_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o solyman_n emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n tell_v they_o they_o must_v provide_v for_o their_o security_n by_o other_o mean_n for_o he_o be_v not_o at_o leisure_n to_o help_v they_o this_o answer_v occasion_v they_o forthwith_o to_o divide_v themselves_o into_o two_o part_n whereof_o those_o that_o be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n duna_n submit_v to_o the_o suede_n and_o those_o on_o this_o side_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n sigismundus_n augustus_n which_o last_o to_o return_v the_o favour_n erect_v curland_n and_o semigallia_n into_o dutchy_n and_o give_v they_o to_o gothotre_v ketler_n than_o master_n of_o
gnesna_n a_o address_n to_o this_o bishop_n be_v common_o admodum_fw-la reverendo_fw-la when_o other_o have_v only_o reverendo_fw-la the_o four_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o see_n bishop_n of_o cujavia_n and_o pomerania_n the_o see_v of_o who_o bishopric_n be_v at_o vladislaw_n upon_o the_o vistula_n four_o league_n below_o thorn_n in_o low_a poland_n authority_n his_o seat_n in_o the_o senate_n be_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o place_n he_o officiate_n in_o a_o inter-regnum_fw-la as_o your_o grace_n may_v have_v observe_v before_o his_o bishopric_n be_v former_o call_v the_o bishopric_n of_o cruswick_n because_o he_o have_v a_o cathedral_n church_n there_o but_o that_o be_v translate_v to_o vladislaw_n at_o this_o day_n it_o have_v sometime_o the_o name_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o vladislaw_n residence_n his_o usual_a residence_n when_o in_o poland_n be_v either_o at_o wolboria_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi or_o lagovia_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o sendomir_n and_o when_o in_o prussia_n be_v chief_o at_o sobkovia_n the_o five_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o vilna_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n on_o the_o river_n vilia_fw-la which_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o river_n niemen_n below_o cowno_n diocese_n his_o diocese_n extend_v itself_o through_o lithuania_n and_o white-russia_n even_o to_o the_o border_n of_o moscovy_n the_o six_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o posnan_n a_o city_n in_o low_a or_o great_a poland_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n varta_fw-la there_o be_v the_o tomb_n of_o several_a king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o this_o city_n all_o which_o be_v very_o magnificent_a diocese_n his_o diocese_n not_o only_o extend_v through_o the_o province_n of_o posnania_n but_o also_o through_o some_o part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o masovia_n as_o warsaw_n etc._n etc._n the_o seven_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o plosko_fw-mi a_o small_a city_n in_o masovia_n on_o the_o river_n vistula_n five_o league_n above_o vladislaw_n jurisdiction_n he_o have_v the_o same_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o territory_n of_o pultausk_n as_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n have_v over_o the_o duchy_n of_o severia_n and_o wherein_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n to_o the_o king_n see_n his_o episcopal_n see_v be_v at_o pultausk_n in_o masovia_n upon_o the_o river_n narew_n which_o run_v into_o the_o bug_n two_o league_n below_o the_o eight_o eclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n in_o royal_a prussia_n which_o bishopric_n be_v so_o divide_v that_o the_o bishop_n have_v two_o part_n and_o the_o chapter_n the_o three_o and_o in_o which_o they_o have_v jurisdiction_n a_o free_a jurisdiction_n over_o the_o gentry_n exempt_v from_o the_o regal_a power_n see_n his_o episcopal_n see_v be_v at_o frawenberg_n a_o little_a town_n near_o frischaff_a the_o nine_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o luceoria_n or_o lucko_n which_o be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o high_a volhynia_n diocese_n his_o diocese_n contain_v part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o masovia_n podlachia_n and_o briescia_n or_o polesia_n in_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n the_o ten_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o premislia_n or_o premislaw_n a_o city_n of_o red-russia_n on_o the_o river_n san_n six_o league_n above_o jeroslaw_n and_o twelve_o from_o leopol_n bishop_n in_o this_o city_n there_o be_v a_o greek-schismatic_n bishop_n it_o be_v here_o that_o a_o canon_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n name_v orikowski_n in_o the_o beginning_n of_o lutheranism_n maintain_v the_o first_o that_o priest_n may_v marry_v and_o who_o marry_v afterward_o himself_o in_o the_o year_n 1549._o under_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o the_o eleven_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o samogitia_n who_o obtain_v from_o pope_n curland_n vrban_n viii_o that_o he_o may_v likewise_o be_v bishop_n of_o curland_n see_n this_o bishop_n have_v no_o particular_a see_v appoint_v but_o sometime_o reside_v at_o midnich_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o that_o province_n the_o twelve_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o culm_n a_o city_n of_o royal_a prussia_n on_o the_o river_n vistula_n six_o league_n above_o the_o city_n of_o thorn_n precedence_n this_o bishop_n former_o precede_v the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n see_n his_o episcopal_n see_v be_v at_o lubavia_n as_o likewise_o at_o stargardie_a which_o the_o german_n call_v althousen_n the_o thirteen_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o chelm_fw-ge in_fw-ge red-russia_n there_o be_v beside_o in_o this_o city_n a_o greek-schismatick_a bishop_n wherefore_o the_o bishop_n of_o chelm_fw-ge have_v for_o some_o time_n translate_v his_o see_n to_o kranostaw_fw-mi a_o town_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n of_o chelm_fw-ge build_v upon_o a_o great_a lake_n through_o which_o run_v the_o river_n nieper_n this_o translation_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o frequent_a eruption_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o cosak_n and_o who_o have_v altogether_o destroy_v the_o city_n of_o chelm_fw-ge the_o fourteen_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o kiovia_n capital_a city_n of_o low_a volhynia_n honorary_a and_o of_o all_o vkraina_n moscovy_n here_o be_v moreover_o a_o greek-schismatick_a bishop_n formerly_z primate_n of_o all_o russia_n or_o moscovy_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o city_n be_v all_o of_o the_o greek_a persuasion_n and_o at_o present_a be_v subject_a to_o the_o great_a czar_n the_o fifteen_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o honorary_a bishop_n of_o caminiec_n capital_a of_o podolia_n which_o be_v now_o under_o the_o turk_n the_o sixteen_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o honorary_a bishop_n of_o smolensko_n upon_o the_o river_n vistula_n capital_a of_o the_o duchy_n of_o the_o same_o name_n this_o duchy_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o lithuania_n but_o now_o be_v also_o subdue_v by_o the_o moscovite_n court_n every_o one_o of_o these_o bishop_n have_v a_o great_a retinue_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o little_a court_n have_v several_a ecclesiastical_a and_o secular_a officer_n about_o he_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o also_o have_v suffragans_fw-la because_o they_o believe_v themselves_o chief_o make_v bishop_n to_o have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v in_o the_o senate_n and_o not_o to_o be_v trouble_v with_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o office_n and_o therefore_o allow_v these_o a_o small_a pension_n to_o perform_v all_o episcopal_a function_n for_o they_o guagnini_n say_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1506._o there_o be_v a_o great_a contest_v in_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o lublin_n between_o the_o ecclesiastical_a and_o lay_v senator_n for_o the_o latter_a pretend_v to_o have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v next_o the_o king_n on_o his_o left_a hand_n but_o which_o at_o length_n the_o bishop_n overpower_a they_o in_o and_o thereby_o retain_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n revenue_n krzistanowic_n in_o his_o state_n of_o poland_n say_v that_o such_o be_v the_o piety_n of_o the_o pole_n that_o immediate_o after_o they_o become_v christian_n they_o prefer_v their_o clergy_n to_o their_o laity_n and_o allow_v they_o many_o noble_a immunity_n and_o privilege_n which_o they_o enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n most_o of_o the_o bishop_n have_v very_o large_a revenue_n wherewith_o they_o may_v not_o only_o live_v splendid_o and_o comfortable_o themselves_o but_o also_o be_v assistant_n to_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o charitable_a to_o the_o poor_a lithuania_n here_o i_o must_v beg_v leave_n to_o give_v your_o grace_n by_o way_n of_o digression_n some_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o religion_n both_o in_o poland_n and_o lithnania_n together_o with_o a_o few_o historical_a circumstance_n relate_v as_o well_o to_o modern_a as_o more_o remote_a time_n and_o wherein_o i_o shall_v all_o along_o endeavour_v to_o be_v as_o concise_a and_o comprehensive_a as_o the_o several_a particular_n i_o have_v to_o go_v through_o will_v admit_v pole_n your_o grace_n may_v first_o be_v inform_v that_o the_o pole_n become_v christian_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o miecislaus_fw-la i._o in_o the_o year_n 964._o as_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o life_n of_o that_o king_n the_o first_o tenet_n they_o embrace_v be_v those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n but_o however_o the_o russian_n entertain_v the_o greek_a persuasion_n which_o they_o continue_v in_o many_o place_n of_o that_o province_n to_o this_o day_n they_o be_v utter_o averse_a to_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n and_o term_v its_o professor_n by_o way_n of_o contempt_n latin_n their_o service_n be_v in_o that_o language_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o greek_a church_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o schismatic_n and_o the_o vniat_n whereof_o the_o latter_a differ_v only_o from_o the_o roman_a catholic_n in_o that_o their_o devotion_n be_v all_o in_o the_o greek_a language_n the_o priest_n of_o both_o these_o church_n be_v call_v popi_n the_o word_n pop_n in_o polish_v signify_v a_o
one_o in_o the_o suburb_n religion_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o city_n and_o suburb_n be_v general_o germane_a and_o compute_v to_o be_v upward_o of_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o soul_n whereof_o the_o great_a part_n have_v adhere_v to_o the_o auspurg_n confession_n ever_o since_o the_o year_n 1525._o and_o the_o lutheran_n alone_o be_v admit_v to_o a_o share_n in_o the_o government_n yet_o all_o other_o sect_n be_v tolerate_v and_o allow_v a_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n church_n the_o public_a building_n of_o this_o city_n be_v first_o their_o church_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o very_a famous_a viz._n st._n mary_n and_o st._n peter_n the_o former_a of_o which_o be_v by_o much_o the_o stately_a fabric_n in_o all_o prussia_n be_v very_o highvaulted_a and_o have_v in_o it_o exceed_o fine_a organ_n beside_o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v 48_o altar_n 3722_o window_n and_o a_o font_n make_v at_o antwerp_n which_o cost_v 24000_o rixdollar_n or_o 5400_o pound_n sterling_a town-house_n next_o there_o be_v the_o town-house_n where_o the_o magistrate_n sit_v this_o be_v a_o very_a magnificent_a fabric_n with_o a_o exceed_a high_a spire_n it_o have_v abundance_n of_o noble_a inscription_n in_o several_a room_n into_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v the_o court_n of_o judicature_n here_o be_v very_o fine_a be_v all_o build_v with_o freestone_n and_o name_v arlus-house_n from_o its_o founder_n magazine_n in_o this_o city_n be_v three_o magazine_n whereof_o one_o be_v very_o considerable_a and_o plentiful_o provide_v with_o all_o kind_n of_o store_n and_o ammunition_n for_o land-force_n etc._n here_o be_v no_o university_n but_o however_o a_o very_a famous_a college_n with_o professor_n of_o all_o faculty_n yet_o who_o do_v not_o give_v the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n here_o be_v likewise_o a_o tolerable_a exchange_n for_o merchant_n to_o meet_v in_o the_o palace_n of_o st._n dominick_n a_o beautiful_a edifice_n a_o college_n for_o jesuit_n etc._n etc._n government_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o dantzic_n extend_v to_o above_o 40_o english_a mile_n circumference_n it_o send_v two_o deputy_n to_o the_o diet_n of_o poland_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v before_o in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o this_o book_n the_o absolute_a government_n of_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o thirty_o senator_n elder_n or_o magistrate_n whereof_o the_o great_a part_n be_v person_n of_o learning_n though_o some_o few_o be_v merchant_n but_o of_o no_o other_o trade_n none_o of_o the_o clergy_n can_v be_v of_o this_o magistracy_n though_o any_o foreigner_n may_v yet_o none_o of_o any_o other_o religion_n but_o the_o lutheran_n except_o the_o calvinist_n whereof_o there_o must_v always_o be_v four_o in_o the_o whole_a senate_n division_n the_o senator_n when_o once_o create_v continue_v the_o same_o for_o life_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a among_o they_o be_v the_o four_o burgomaster_n or_o as_o they_o call_v they_o proconsul_n out_o of_o which_o a_o precedent_n be_v choose_v every_o year_n under_o these_o there_o be_v thirteen_o consul_n who_o choose_v the_o aforesaid_a burgomaster_n out_o of_o their_o body_n as_o often_o as_o they_o die_v away_o they_o likewise_o have_v the_o choose_v of_o all_o other_o officer_n belong_v as_o well_o to_o the_o old_a as_o the_o new_a city_n syndic_n there_o be_v twelve_o scabin_n or_o judge_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o process_n from_o who_o there_o lie_v appeal_n to_o the_o thirteen_o consul_n and_o four_o burgomaster_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n the_o thirty_o senator_n be_v their_o syndic_n or_o orator_n who_o be_v like_o a_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n to_o receive_v and_o compliment_v any_o foreign_a minister_n or_o agent_n he_o take_v place_n of_o all_o the_o scabin_n as_o the_o consul_n and_o burgomaster_n do_v of_o he_o king_n the_o king_n nominate_v every_o year_n out_o of_o the_o consul_n or_o burgomaster_n a_o burgrave_n to_o represent_v his_o person_n in_o the_o senate_n and_o all_o sentence_n of_o death_n must_v be_v sign_v by_o he_o in_o the_o king_n name_n for_o no_o body_n can_v be_v execute_v here_o without_o such_o sign_v i_o may_v take_v notice_n to_o your_o excellency_n that_o there_o be_v a_o distinction_n in_o execute_v criminal_n of_o this_o city_n for_o native_n must_v always_o be_v execute_v before_o arlus-house_n and_o foreigner_n near_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n where_o the_o prison_n lie_v all_o that_o be_v execute_v in_o the_o city_n be_v behead_v but_o all_o thief_n and_o robber_n be_v to_o be_v hang_v about_o two_o mile_n out_o of_o town_n at_o a_o famous_a gallow_n support_v by_o four_o pillar_n of_o brick_n power_n to_o represent_v the_o grievance_n of_o the_o people_n and_o to_o maintain_v their_o privilege_n there_o be_v a_o hundred_o burgher_n choose_v to_o inspect_v the_o conduct_n of_o the_o senate_n they_o have_v likewise_o a_o vote_n in_o elect_v the_o clergy_n in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o senate_n within_o this_o city_n and_o its_o jurisdiction_n there_o be_v no_o bishop_n but_o only_o a_o college_n of_o the_o clergy_n who_o have_v no_o power_n except_o to_o examine_v such_o as_o be_v design_v to_o be_v elect_v priest_n by_o the_o senate_n and_o centumviri_n the_o manner_n of_o who_o election_n be_v this_o priest_n the_o candidate_n first_o make_v his_o application_n to_o the_o clergy_n to_o examine_v he_o which_o do_v they_o give_v he_o a_o certificate_n that_o they_o think_v he_o capable_a and_o allow_v he_o a_o liberty_n to_o preach_v after_o which_o the_o people_n or_o congregation_n of_o some_o parish_n present_v he_o to_o the_o senate_n and_o centumviri_n desire_v he_o may_v be_v elect_v for_o their_o minister_n when_o by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n he_o be_v elect_v according_o and_o thereupon_o send_v back_o to_o the_o college_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o be_v ordain_v which_o be_v perform_v by_o imposition_n of_o hand_n read_v of_o prayer_n and_o some_o other_o ceremony_n this_o 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of_o poland_n who_o as_o dr._n connor_n say_v in_o his_o time_n be_v one_o mr._n alberti_n a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n now_o or_o late_o syndic_n of_o dantzic_n privilege_n as_o for_o the_o city-privilege_n they_o can_v coin_v their_o own_o money_n without_o the_o king_n leave_n choose_v their_o magistrate_n make_v their_o own_o law_n and_o determine_v absolute_o in_o matter_n of_o debt_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 500_o guilder_n but_o where_o the_o action_n exceed_v that_o sum_n a_o appeal_n lie_v to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o poland_n yet_o in_o such_o case_n the_o appellant_n be_v oblige_v to_o lay_v down_o 100_o guilder_n in_o the_o townhouse_n before_o he_o can_v proceed_v and_o this_o be_v to_o deter_v people_n from_o make_v such_o appeal_v for_o the_o dantzicker_n do_v not_o much_o care_n that_o any_o of_o their_o money_n shall_v get_v into_o poland_n but_o where_o they_o can_v help_v it_o sea_n this_o
peace_n strike_v up_o between_o they_o this_o person_n have_v no_o war_n during_o his_o regency_n and_o at_o last_o die_v of_o grief_n on_o account_n of_o his_o brother_n perverseness_n he_o be_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n 1450._o the_o twenty_o eighth_z great_a master_n be_v lewis_n ab_fw-la herlingshausen_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n iii_o during_o his_o administration_n a_o far_a part_n of_o prussia_n revolt_v to_o the_o aforesaid_a casimir_n to_o who_o also_o the_o garrison_n of_o marienburg_n sell_v that_o city_n for_o 476000_o florin_n together_o with_o several_a other_o city_n and_o castle_n afterward_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n enter_v again_o into_o a_o peace_n with_o this_o order_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o obtain_v pomerania_n for_o which_o the_o pole_n have_v contest_v with_o these_o knight_n for_o upward_o of_o 150_o year_n this_o great_a master_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o koningsberg_n 1467._o the_o twenty_o nine_o adhere_v master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v henry_n rhew_v count_n of_o plaven_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n iii_o he_o only_o govern_v eleven_o week_n and_o then_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o koningsberg_n 1468._o the_o thirty_o great_a master_n be_v henry_n count_n of_o richtenberg_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n iii_o and_o of_o pope_n sixtus_n iu._n he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o a_o very_a turbulent_a and_o inexorable_a temper_n for_o he_o throw_v theodore_n a_o prussian_a bishop_n into_o chain_n and_o suffer_v he_o to_o die_v with_o hunger_n he_o govern_v this_o order_n twelve_o year_n and_o then_o die_v at_o koningsberg_n and_o be_v bury_v there_o 1480._o the_o thirty_o first_o great_a master_n be_v martin_n truchse_v of_o uveczhausen_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n iii_o and_o of_o pope_n sixtus_n iu._n he_o pay_v homage_n and_o obedience_n to_o casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n die_v at_o koningsberg_n and_o be_v bury_v 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siege_n it_o be_v now_o high_a time_n for_o the_o besieger_n pole_n to_o scamper_v which_o they_o immediate_o set_v about_o with_o such_o precipitation_n that_o the_o pole_n find_v it_o no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o overtake_v even_o their_o foot_n yet_o however_o they_o kill_v some_o and_o take_v other_o prisoner_n after_o this_o the_o king_n army_n take_v in_o dirschow_n stargardie_n and_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o choinicz_n and_o afterward_o proceed_v on_o with_o so_o great_a vigour_n and_o diligence_n that_o most_o of_o the_o city_n and_o castle_n of_o the_o order_n surrender'd_n themselves_o by_o these_o mean_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n be_v total_o expel_v prussia_n which_o their_o great_a master_n albert_n perceive_v as_o likewise_o that_o he_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o contend_v with_o so_o powerful_a a_o monarch_n as_o he_o of_o poland_n though_o his_o ancestor_n have_v former_o do_v it_o for_o many_o year_n yet_o than_o they_o be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n than_o he_o at_o present_a be_v in_o resolve_v to_o submit_v himself_o and_o his_o order_n to_o his_o uncle_n mercy_n which_o he_o not_o long_o afterward_o do_v in_o the_o public_a marketplace_n of_o cracow_n sigismond_n for_o this_o purpose_n a_o throne_n be_v erect_v for_o the_o king_n much_o after_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o that_o wherein_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o take_v the_o homage_n and_o oath_n of_o his_o subject_n after_o his_o coronation_n as_o your_o lordship_n may_v observe_v in_o the_o letter_n to_o my_o lord_n marlborough_n then_o the_o marquis_n deliver_v up_o the_o ensign_n of_o his_o order_n to_o the_o king_n and_o swear_v all_o manner_n of_o allegiance_n to_o he_o his_o majesty_n return_v he_o the_o ensign_n of_o prussia_n quarter_v with_o the_o polish_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n create_v he_o a_o duke_n of_o part_n of_o that_o country_n which_o from_o thence_o forward_o have_v have_v the_o name_n of_o ducal_z prussia_n and_o continue_v all_o along_o in_o his_o family_n to_o this_o day_n germany_n the_o teutonic_n order_n be_v thus_o expel_v prussia_n they_o transfer_v their_o chapter_n to_o mergentheim_n or_o as_o some_o say_v to_o marienthall_n in_o franconia_n where_o they_o choose_v 1531._o walter_n de_fw-fr cronberg_n for_o their_o thirty_o five_o great_a master_n and_o administrator_n of_o prussia_n this_o great_a master_n appeal_v to_o the_o emperor_n concern_v the_o wrong_n do_v to_o his_o order_n by_o albert_n as_o likewise_o get_v albert_n excommunicate_v by_o the_o pope_n he_o afterward_o take_v his_o seat_n in_o the_o general_n diet_n of_o the_o empire_n equal_a with_o the_o archbishop_n as_o be_v great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n he_o die_v after_o 18_o year_n administration_n of_o this_o office_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o mergentheim_n 1543._o the_o thirty_o six_z great_a master_n be_v wolfang_n schutzbar_n otherwise_o call_v milchling_n elect_v in_o the_o chapter_n at_o spire_n the_o 16_o of_o april_n he_o have_v be_v provincial_a commander_n of_o the_o country_n of_o hesse_n and_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o that_o go_v to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n v._o in_o his_o war_n about_o religion_n he_o recover_v the_o seat_n of_o this_o order_n at_o marpurg_n which_o have_v be_v usurp_v by_o the_o landtgrave_n of_o hesse_n after_o several_a more_o famous_a action_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1566._o 1566._o the_o thirty_o seven_o great_a master_n be_v george_n hundt_n de_fw-fr menckheim_n governor_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o franconia_n he_o die_v after_o 6_o year_n regency_n at_o mergentheim_n and_o be_v bury_v there_o in_o the_o year_n 1572._o 1572._o the_o thirty_o eighth_z great_a master_n be_v henry_n de_fw-fr bobenhausen_n elect_v at_o the_o general_n assembly_n of_o the_o knight_n at_o ulm_n upon_o the_o danube_n this_o great_a master_n upon_o george_n frederic_n marque_v of_o brandenburg_n possess_v himself_o of_o
frederic_n augustus_n the_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n the_o history_n of_o poland_n in_o several_a letter_n to_o person_n of_o quality_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o that_o kingdom_n viz._n historical_a political_n physical_a and_o ecclesiastical_a the_o form_n of_o government_n the_o king_n power_n court_n and_o revenue_n the_o senate_n senators_z and_o other_o officer_n the_o religion_n diet_n and_o little_a diet_n with_o other_o assembly_n and_o court_n of_o justice_n the_o inter-regnum_fw-la election_n and_o coronation_n of_o a_o king_n and_o queen_n with_o all_o the_o ceremony_n the_o present_a condition_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o commonalty_n as_o likewise_o the_o genius_n character_n language_n custom_n manner_n military_a affair_n trade_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o pole_n together_o with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n the_o origin_n progress_n and_o present_a state_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o the_o succession_n of_o all_o its_o great_a master_n likewise_o the_o present_a state_n of_o learning_n natural_a knowledge_n practice_n of_o physic_n and_o diseale_v in_o poland_n and_o last_o a_o succinct_a description_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o curland_n and_o the_o livonian_a order_n with_o a_o series_n of_o the_o several_a duke_n and_o provincial_a master_n to_o this_o be_v also_o add_v a_o table_n for_o each_o volume_n and_o a_o sculpture_n of_o the_o diet_n in_o session_n with_o some_o memoirs_fw-fr from_o baron_fw-fr blomberg_n vol._n ii_o by_o bernard_n connor_n m._n d._n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n and_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o physician_n who_o in_o his_o travel_n in_o that_o country_n collect_v these_o memoir_n from_o the_o best_a author_n and_o his_o own_o observation_n compose_v and_o publish_a by_o â—ir_n savage_a london_n print_v for_o daâ—_n brown_a without_o templ-bar_n '_o and_o a._n roper_n and_o t._n leigh_n both_o in_o il_fw-fr et-street_n 1698._o d_o r._n connor_n '_o saint_n preface_n in_o my_o preface_n to_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o this_o historical_a relation_n of_o poland_n i_o have_v mention_v my_o incapacity_n for_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n both_o because_o i_o be_v only_o twelve_o month_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o because_o i_o have_v no_o talon_n or_o genius_n for_o history_n i_o think_v write_v it_o by_o way_n of_o letter_n in_o imitation_n of_o some_o of_o our_o neighbour_n will_v be_v more_o easy_a to_o myself_o and_o more_o acceptable_a to_o the_o public_a i_o be_o proud_a to_o have_v this_o happy_a occasion_n of_o give_v the_o honourable_a person_n i_o write_v to_o so_o public_a a_o testimony_n of_o my_o respect_n i_o be_o sorry_a in_o the_o same_o time_n i_o can_v have_v leisure_n to_o honour_v myself_o in_o write_v to_o the_o noble_a person_n mention_v in_o the_o second_o volume_n as_o i_o have_v have_v in_o the_o first_o i_o follow_v a_o profession_n so_o remote_a from_o history_n particular_o a_o polish_v one_o that_o it_o neither_o allow_v i_o time_n nor_o leave_v i_o any_o inclination_n to_o attend_v any_o other_o business_n i_o hope_v notwithstanding_o the_o person_n i_o promise_v to_o write_v to_o will_v be_v please_v to_o excuse_v i_o for_o not_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v my_o word_n to_o they_o as_o i_o flatter_v myself_o i_o can_v since_o the_o ingenious_a gentleman_n i_o desire_v to_o undertake_v this_o work_n will_v give_v they_o the_o same_o satisfaction_n he_o have_v already_o assist_v i_o in_o my_o first_o volume_n and_o have_v have_v all_o my_o memoirs_fw-fr for_o this_o second_o the_o ancient_n and_o present_a state_n of_o poland_n part_n ii_o the_o present_a state_n letter_n i._n to_o his_o grace_n thomas_n lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n of_o the_o form_n of_o the_o government_n in_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o king_n power_n court_n and_o revenue_n my_o lord_n that_o high_a station_n wherewith_o the_o king_n have_v recompense_v your_o merit_n and_o the_o great_a trust_v his_o majesty_n have_v repose_v in_o your_o grace_n during_o his_o absence_n show_v his_o confidence_n in_o your_o ability_n as_o well_o to_o govern_v the_o state_n as_o the_o church_n since_o therefore_o be_v late_o invest_v with_o a_o share_n of_o the_o regal_a authority_n you_o have_v occasion_n to_o know_v more_o intimate_o our_o king_n power_n and_o prerogatives_n i_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o give_v your_o grace_n a_o account_n of_o those_o of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o the_o end_n that_o compare_v both_o together_o you_o may_v more_o sensible_o perceive_v the_o excellency_n of_o our_o own_o constitution_n which_o make_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o king_n inseparable_a from_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o people_n for_o when_o the_o executive_a power_n be_v as_o vigilant_a to_o see_v our_o law_n obey_v as_o the_o legislative_a have_v be_v provident_a in_o make_v they_o england_n can_v just_o boast_v of_o a_o much_o great_a happiness_n than_o either_o poland_n or_o any_o other_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n 1698._o have_v my_o lord_n not_o be_v a_o full_a twelve_o month_n at_o the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n court_n i_o can_v pretend_v to_o be_v thorough_o acquaint_v with_o that_o kingdom_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o like_o most_o other_o country_n it_o have_v undergo_v several_a change_n in_o its_o constitution_n since_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o vith_o century_n at_o which_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o two_o great_a house_n of_o piastus_n and_o jagello_n poland_n ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o lechus_n its_o founder_n the_o king_n thereof_o have_v be_v elect_v to_o the_o crown_n after_o a_o hereditary_a manner_n though_o not_o by_o a_o hereditary_a title_n they_o have_v real_o be_v absolute_a and_o their_o will_n go_v for_o a_o law_n for_o than_o they_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n when_o they_o please_v levy_v as_o many_o troop_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a punish_v or_o pardon_v at_o pleasure_n and_o reward_v where_o they_o see_v convenient_a and_o all_o the_o administration_n either_o of_o public_a or_o private_a affair_n be_v so_o whole_o lodge_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n that_o i_o have_v hear_v the_o pole_n themselves_o say_v that_o sigismond_n ii_o 1574._o the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o jagellonic_a family_n be_v to_o the_o full_a as_o absolute_a as_o either_o the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o denmark_n be_v now_o whilst_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n thus_o maintain_v thereby_o a_o supreme_a power_n over_o their_o subject_n they_o exceed_o enlarge_v their_o dominion_n be_v both_o fear_v abroad_o and_o belove_v at_o home_n command_v potent_a and_o numerous_a army_n into_o the_o field_n execute_v most_o erterprise_n speedy_o and_o be_v almost_o always_o sure_o of_o success_n and_o this_o because_o they_o do_v not_o then_o as_o now_o depend_v upon_o the_o linger_a determination_n and_o tedious_a conclusion_n of_o a_o turbulent_a diet._n but_o the_o family_n of_o jagello_n be_v once_o extinct_a by_o the_o death_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o who_o have_v resign_v his_o kingdom_n to_o the_o senate_n and_o polish_v gentry_n and_o give_v they_o full_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o dispose_v thereof_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v anew_o declare_v elective_a to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o christendom_n who_o have_v due_a merit_n and_o qualification_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o aspire_v thereunto_o gentry_n this_o give_v occasion_n to_o most_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n ever_o since_o to_o court_v the_o polish_v nobility_n after_o their_o king_n death_n and_o that_o either_o to_o get_v the_o succeed_a election_n determine_v in_o their_o own_o favour_n or_o else_o to_o have_v some_o of_o their_o friend_n advance_v to_o that_o great_a dignity_n but_o this_o most_o common_o rather_o with_o regard_n to_o their_o own_o private_a interest_n than_o out_o of_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o person_n they_o desire_v to_o promote_v as_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o bourbon_n have_v always_o practise_v thereupon_o the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n therefore_o observe_v that_o several_a prince_n at_o a_o time_n always_o aspire_v to_o their_o crown_n and_o consider_v that_o not_o one_o of_o they_o have_v more_o right_o than_o the_o rest_n as_o likewise_o that_o it_o lay_v altogether_o in_o their_o power_n to_o choose_v who_o they_o please_v resolve_v unanimous_o to_o elect_n none_o but_o such_o as_o shall_v condescend_v nay_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o term_n and_o condition_n they_o propose_v prince_n hereby_o the_o pole_n by_o degree_n have_v clip_v and_o limit_v the_o ancient_a power_n of_o their_o king_n and_o have_v reduce_v they_o to_o the_o bound_n we_o now_o find_v they_o to_o have_v that_o be_v bare_o to_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o grand_a diet_n for_o the_o pole_n know_v very_o well_o that_o no_o prince_n will_v be_v so_o imprudent_a as_o to_o scruple_n submit_v to_o
the_o pole_n have_v to_o aspire_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o by_o their_o constitution_n all_o the_o noble_n as_o they_o call_v they_o or_o freeborn_a of_o the_o land_n be_v equal_a as_o to_o their_o birth_n and_o none_o though_o never_o so_o poor_a owe_v precedence_n unless_o through_o a_o compliment_n to_o any_o ever_o so_o rich_a insomuch_o that_o preferment_n and_o honour_n be_v the_o only_a mean_n by_o which_o they_o attain_v to_o precedence_n which_o be_v annex_v thereto_o and_o ascertain_v by_o the_o statute_n and_o law_n now_o one_o will_v think_v that_o this_o mighty_a power_n which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v to_o dispose_v of_o so_o many_o place_n of_o profit_n and_o trust_v so_o many_o land_n by_o royal_a tenure_n and_o so_o many_o benefice_n must_v needs_o gain_v he_o the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o those_o on_o who_o they_o be_v confer_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o pole_n be_v none_o of_o the_o most_o grateful_a and_o know_v too_o well_o that_o the_o king_n can_v dispose_v of_o those_o preferment_n but_o to_o themselves_o they_o believe_v that_o when_o he_o grant_v they_o he_o only_o give_v back_o what_o of_o right_o belong_v to_o they_o and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o a_o act_n of_o grace_n in_o he_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o justice_n approach_n when_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n come_v to_o any_o city_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v oblige_v immediate_o to_o present_v he_o with_o the_o key_n and_o he_o can_v send_v his_o regiment_n of_o guard_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o gate_n the_o citizen_n of_o dantzick_n only_o have_v a_o privilege_n to_o keep_v their_o own_o key_n and_o to_o hinder_v all_o but_o a_o few_o troop_n from_o follow_v the_o king_n into_o the_o city_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o dantzick_n have_v more_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n than_o any_o other_o city_n of_o poland_n insomuch_o that_o it_o may_v be_v rather_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o small_a republic_n of_o itself_o under_o protection_n of_o that_o kingdom_n than_o a_o city_n subject_a to_o it_o nay_o it_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o the_o mark_n of_o a_o sovereign_a power_n for_o it_o can_v condemn_v to_o death_n without_o appeal_n even_o the_o polish_v gentry_n if_o they_o commit_v any_o crime_n within_o its_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n diet._n the_o king_n can_v raise_v no_o troop_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o this_o for_o fear_v that_o he_o shall_v strengthen_v himself_o and_o entrench_v upon_o their_o liberty_n nevertheless_o vladislaus_n vii_o levy_v some_o with_o the_o portion_n of_o his_o queen_n mary_n ludovica_n but_o the_o senate_n so_o murmur_v that_o he_o be_v soon_o oblige_v to_o disband_v they_o the_o king_n can_v on_o any_o account_n whatever_o go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n for_o your_o grace_n may_v observe_v that_o king_n henry_n of_o valois_n be_v fain_o to_o steal_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n when_o he_o go_v into_o france_n sigismond_n iii_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n john_n king_n of_o sueden_n be_v force_v to_o call_v a_o diet_n at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n 1592._o to_o obtain_v consent_n to_o return_v into_o sueden_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o his_o hereditary_a kingdom_n and_o that_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1370_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o return_v to_o his_o native_a kingdom_n desire_v leave_v of_o the_o senate_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o augment_v their_o privilege_n to_o obtain_v it_o respect_v the_o king_n child_n be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o respect_v though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n every_o private_a gentleman_n think_v himself_o as_o great_a as_o they_o by_o the_o law_n and_o to_o have_v as_o lawful_a a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o be_v they_o nevertheless_o always_o treat_v as_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n royal._n his_o elder_a son_n have_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o other_o bare_o that_o of_o prince_n add_v withal_o their_o christian_a name_n as_o prince_n alexander_n and_o prince_n constantin_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n elder_a daughter_n be_v call_v the_o princess_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o other_o only_a princess_n add_v thereto_o their_o name_n as_o princess_n mary_n of_o poland_n but_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o when_o the_o king_n their_o father_n die_v and_o a_o new_a king_n of_o another_o or_o the_o same_o family_n succeed_v and_o have_v child_n then_o do_v they_o lose_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o poland_n and_o take_v only_o the_o name_n of_o their_o family_n or_o estate_n such_o as_o prince_n sobieski_n princess_n czartoriski_n yet_o however_o the_o senate_n always_o look_v upon_o themselves_o oblige_v to_o provide_v for_o they_o to_o give_v they_o pension_n and_o to_o match_v they_o equal_a to_o their_o dignity_n and_o birth_n which_o have_v ever_o hitherto_o be_v due_o observe_v nay_o the_o pole_n have_v all_o along_o show_v such_o esteem_n and_o affection_n to_o the_o royal_a family_n that_o although_o they_o have_v not_o allow_v they_o any_o hereditary_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o law_n yet_o have_v they_o always_o elect_v one_o of_o they_o king_n where_o there_o be_v any_o survive_v for_o i_o find_v from_o the_o time_n of_o their_o prince_n piastus_n even_o down_o to_o that_o of_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n which_o be_v from_o the_o year_n 830._o to_o the_o year_n 1674_o the_o crown_n have_v always_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o family_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n as_o your_o grace_n may_v observe_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o my_o account_n of_o poland_n they_o have_v also_o not_o confine_v this_o affection_n of_o they_o to_o the_o king_n son_n only_o but_o have_v likewise_o extend_v it_o towards_o their_o daughter_n and_o even_o their_o widow_n as_o may_v be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o their_o history_n where_o your_o grace_n will_v find_v what_o strict_a regard_v the_o pole_n have_v to_o the_o royal_a race_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o princess_n hedwigis_fw-la who_o they_o wait_v for_o with_o great_a patience_n though_o all_o the_o while_o they_o suffer_v extreme_o by_o the_o insult_v of_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n who_o pretend_v a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o be_v a_o relation_n to_o casimir_n the_o great_a slight_v the_o king_n be_v natural_a son_n be_v extreme_o undervalue_v and_o be_v hardly_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v common_a gentleman_n for_o none_o of_o the_o gentry_n care_v to_o keep_v company_n with_o they_o nay_o one_o of_o the_o late_a king_n be_v a_o clerk_n in_o the_o salt_n customhouse_n at_o thorn_n a_o city_n in_o prussia_n where_o his_o place_n be_v not_o worth_n he_o above_o thirty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n they_o usual_o have_v a_o very_a mean_a opinion_n of_o illegitimate_a child_n though_o nature_n endow_v they_o general_o with_o as_o many_o perfection_n and_o with_o as_o good_a quality_n as_o she_o do_v the_o lawful_o beget_v family_n the_o only_a way_n for_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o continue_v the_o crown_n in_o his_o family_n be_v to_o be_v warlike_a to_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n to_o gain_v the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n by_o his_o own_o merit_n and_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o send_v his_o child_n early_o to_o the_o war_n to_o get_v credit_n and_o reputation_n in_o the_o army_n to_o spend_v liberal_o all_o his_o revenue_n and_o to_o die_v in_o debt_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o pole_n may_v be_v incline_v to_o elect_a his_o son_n to_o enable_v he_o to_o pay_v what_o his_o father_n owe_v but_o all_o this_o while_n he_o must_v never_o think_v to_o encroach_v on_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o nation_n nor_o endeavour_v by_o any_o mean_n to_o render_v the_o crown_n hereditary_n for_o whenever_o the_o pole_n begin_v to_o smell_v out_o any_o such_o private_a design_n they_o be_v present_o apt_a to_o stir_v up_o seditious_a tumult_n which_o will_v prove_v very_o pernicious_a to_o all_o the_o posterity_n of_o that_o king_n as_o the_o ill_a success_n the_o late_a king_n son_n have_v have_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v denmark_n it_o be_v altogether_o impossible_a for_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n to_o reduce_v his_o subject_n under_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n for_o the_o state_n of_o denmark_n be_v quite_o different_a then_o from_o what_o that_o of_o poland_n be_v now_o in_o denmark_n the_o king_n clergy_n and_o commonalty_n be_v under_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o the_o gentry_n so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o commonalty_n to_o side_n with_o the_o king_n to_o abate_v and_o depress_v the_o
primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n a_o title_n give_v he_o by_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n and_o moreover_o style_v himself_o the_o pope_n legate_n bear_v by_o a_o grant_n of_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n all_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n that_o have_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n or_o any_o of_o the_o other_o bishop_n court_n may_v be_v reverse_v or_o confirm_v in_o a_o appeal_n to_o he_o his_o power_n and_o authority_n be_v exceed_o great_a and_o even_o next_o to_o the_o king_n be_v it_o be_v death_n to_o draw_v a_o sword_n in_o his_o presence_n or_o to_o quarrel_v in_o any_o manner_n whatsoever_o before_o he_o when_o he_o go_v to_o the_o king_n or_o the_o diet_n there_o be_v always_o a_o golden_a cross_n carry_v before_o he_o and_o when_o he_o sit_v his_o chaplain_n hold_v it_o behind_o his_o chair_n he_o have_v his_o marshal_n who_o be_v a_o castellan_n and_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o person_n on_o horseback_n carry_v a_o staff_n before_o his_o coach_n but_o salute_v none_o with_o it_o except_o the_o king_n when_o the_o archbishop_n and_o he_o happen_v to_o meet_v this_o marshal_n have_v likewise_o the_o honour_n to_o carry_v the_o like_a staff_n before_o the_o king_n where_o the_o other_o marshal_n be_v absent_a when_o the_o archbishop_n come_v to_o wait_v on_o the_o king_n the_o great_a chamberlain_n or_o some_o other_o great_a officer_n always_o receive_v he_o at_o the_o stair-foot_n and_o the_o king_n afterward_o come_v out_o of_o his_o chamber_n to_o meet_v he_o in_o the_o antichamber_n he_o never_o pay_v any_o visit_n out_o of_o duty_n but_o to_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n and_o to_o he_o only_o but_o once_o he_o visit_v no_o king_n ambassador_n though_o they_o visit_v he_o first_o rex_fw-la after_o the_o king_n death_n he_o be_v the_o supreme_a regent_n of_o the_o kingdom_n till_o a_o new_a one_o be_v choose_v during_o which_o time_n he_o may_v coin_v money_n in_o his_o own_o name_n a_o privilege_n grant_v he_o by_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a but_o which_o nevertheless_o have_v not_o be_v practise_v no_o money_n have_v ever_o be_v see_v of_o his_o coin_n the_o revenue_n also_o of_o the_o crown_n belong_v to_o he_o in_o the_o inter-regnum_n he_o convoke_v the_o diet_n and_o dissolve_v it_o at_o pleasure_n and_o in_o case_n there_o happen_v any_o thing_n extraordinary_a the_o government_n assign_v he_o several_a senator_n for_o his_o assistant_n in_o short_a he_o be_v tantum_n non_fw-la rex_fw-la he_o only_o can_v proclaim_v the_o king_n when_o elect_v and_o crown_v he_o afterward_o except_o where_o he_o die_v as_o in_o the_o follow_a case_n which_o be_v so_o very_o considerable_a that_o he_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o ambassador_n and_o envoy_n of_o the_o candidate_n as_o the_o only_a person_n upon_o who_o the_o success_n of_o their_o negotiation_n depend_v and_o therefore_o all_o of_o they_o do_v their_o utmost_a to_o make_v he_o their_o friend_n hereupon_o i_o must_v acquaint_v your_o grace_n with_o a_o passage_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n john_n iii_o in_o the_o year_n 1674._o when_o one_o czartoreski_n be_v archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o be_v entire_o in_o the_o austrian_a interest_n and_o a_o great_a friend_n to_o the_o chancellor_n patz_n and_o by_o consequence_n both_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o french_a and_o john_n sobieski_n party_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v bring_v to_o proclaim_v he_o but_o as_o it_o happen_v he_o die_v three_o day_n before_o the_o election_n and_o that_o power_n devolve_v to_o trzebicki_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o be_v altogether_o for_o the_o grand_a marshal_n forthwith_o proclaim_v he_o with_o joy_n much_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o republic_n entrust_v this_o great_a authority_n to_o a_o clergyman_n be_v for_o fear_n that_o if_o it_o be_v bestow_v on_o a_o secular_a senator_n he_o may_v make_v use_n of_o it_o to_o advance_v himself_o to_o the_o throne_n see_n this_o archbishops_n see_v be_v at_o lowitz_n a_o city_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n in_o low_a poland_n he_o be_v bear_v a_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n of_o plosko_fw-mi the_o second_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o red-russia_n so_o name_v from_o a_o sovereign_a duke_n of_o that_o province_n call_v leo_n who_o be_v subdue_v by_o a_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n 1279_o and_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o lescus_n vi._n leopol_n this_o city_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o three_o bishop_n viz._n the_o roman-catholick_n archbishop_n the_o armenian-catholick_n archbishop_n and_o a_o russian_a greek_a schismatic_a bishop_n these_o two_o archbishop_n have_v the_o same_o belief_n and_o religion_n only_o the_o armenian_a have_v some_o particular_a ceremony_n wherein_o they_o differ_v and_o the_o woman_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o man_n in_o the_o church_n persuasion_n the_o russian_a or_o greek-schismatic_a bishop_n can_v marry_v because_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o order_n of_o friar_n of_o st._n basil_n who_o all_o make_v a_o vow_n of_o chastity_n nevertheless_o the_o parish_n priest_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o live_v in_o coelibacy_n that_o be_v if_o they_o be_v admit_v into_o order_n after_o their_o marriage_n for_o they_o can_v be_v constrain_v to_o leave_v their_o wife_n but_o however_o when_o their_o wife_n die_v they_o can_v marry_v again_o unless_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o relinquish_v their_o priesthood_n ornoment_n their_o liturgy_n be_v in_o the_o russian_a language_n be_v as_o the_o polish_v a_o dialect_n of_o the_o sclavovian_a their_o tenet_n be_v that_o the_o holy_a ghost_n proceed_v from_o the_o father_n by_o the_o son_n and_o that_o the_o pope_n be_v not_o head_n of_o all_o the_o church_n but_o only_o the_o first_o of_o the_o two_o patriarch_n whereof_o they_o of_o constantinople_n be_v the_o second_o and_o independent_a of_o the_o first_o in_o other_o article_n of_o belief_n they_o agree_v with_o the_o roman_a church_n their_o ceremony_n and_o ornament_n differ_v from_o the_o roman_a and_o armenian_a they_o pray_v stand_v though_o they_o make_v frequent_a genuflexion_n they_o receive_v the_o communion_n in_o both_o kind_n after_o this_o manner_n the_o priest_n consecrate_v several_a little_a piece_n of_o bread_n make_v with_o leaven_n after_o which_o he_o receive_v himself_o and_o then_o break_v the_o bread_n in_o divers_a little_a piece_n which_o do_v he_o put_v they_o into_o the_o chalice_n with_o the_o consecrate_a wine_n and_o then_o with_o a_o little_a silver_n spoon_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n he_o communicate_v to_o the_o people_n who_o all_o stand_v with_o their_o arm_n across_o upon_o their_o breast_n when_o they_o receive_v this_o do_v the_o communicant_n follow_v the_o priest_n thrice_o about_o the_o altar_n with_o fold_a arm_n who_o all_o the_o while_n advise_v and_o charge_v they_o to_o make_v good_a cheer_n for_o seven_o day_n together_o and_o 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remain_v only_o a_o bishopric_n what_o be_v remarkable_a in_o this_o bishopric_n be_v that_o the_o archbishopric_n and_o that_o have_v frequent_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o same_o person_n this_o bishop_n style_v himself_o duke_n of_o severia_n in_o which_o all_o the_o people_n be_v subject_a both_o to_o his_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a jurisdiction_n residence_n his_o usual_a residence_n be_v either_o at_o bozentium_n a_o small_a town_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bald_a mountain_n or_o else_o at_o kielsk_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n of_o sendomir_n he_o have_v in_o his_o diocese_n 1018._o church_n of_o which_o thirteen_o be_v collegiate_n precedence_n his_o seat_n in_o the_o senate_n be_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o king_n and_o next_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n though_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v on_o the_o right_n he_o be_v the_o first_o bishop_n in_o the_o kingdom_n this_o bishopric_n be_v former_o join_v to_o
of_o the_o great_a dutchy_n army_n and_o receive_v no_o manner_n of_o order_n from_o the_o crown-general_n except_o where_o both_o be_v joint_o engage_v in_o a_o battle_n power_n these_o great_a general_n in_o the_o king_n absence_n have_v the_o great_a power_n in_o the_o kingdom_n for_o they_o have_v then_o a_o supreme_a command_n in_o the_o army_n they_o give_v battle_n and_o besiege_v town_n without_o the_o king_n participation_n and_o settle_v winter-quarter_n where_o and_o upon_o what_o land_n they_o think_v fit_a this_o power_n of_o they_o be_v so_o extraordinary_a considerable_a that_o a_o great_a general_n be_v formidable_a to_o all_o the_o nobility_n duty_n their_o duty_n be_v to_o keep_v good_a order_n and_o discipline_n in_o the_o army_n to_o punish_v mutinous_a and_o seditious_a officer_n and_o soldier_n to_o settle_v the_o prize_n of_o all_o commodity_n and_o provision_n bring_v into_o the_o camp_n to_o give_v command_n or_o necessary_a order_n for_o a_o charge_n or_o retreat_n and_o in_o fine_a to_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o his_o majesty_n can_v be_v he_o present_a army_n it_o be_v therefore_o the_o interest_n of_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n always_o to_o head_n his_o army_n himself_o to_o have_v his_o son_n with_o he_o in_o the_o field_n and_o to_o give_v they_o opportunity_n to_o gain_v reputation_n and_o credit_n by_o their_o valour_n and_o conduct_n for_o the_o more_o the_o king_n increase_v his_o own_o fame_n or_o that_o of_o his_o son_n the_o more_o he_o diminish_v the_o credit_n and_o power_n of_o his_o general_n who_o be_v the_o only_a person_n in_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v most_o to_o be_v fear_v and_o who_o have_v the_o great_a power_n and_o influence_n over_o the_o gentry_n in_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n general_n the_o present_a great_a general_n of_o poland_n be_v the_o count_n jablonowski_n of_o the_o french_a faction_n and_o of_o lithuania_n prince_n sapieha_n suppose_v to_o be_v of_o the_o austrian_a faction_n successive_a 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the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o camp_n notary_n and_o commander_n of_o the_o guard_n against_o incursion_n of_o which_o two_o last_v i_o shall_v only_o speak_v here_o camp-notary_n camp-notary_n be_v paymaster_n general_n for_o the_o army_n both_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n incursion_n the_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o guard_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n etc._n etc._n this_o officer_n be_v post_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o kingdom_n towards_o crim-tartary_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v to_o give_v notice_n of_o all_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o enemy_n authority_n for_o the_o civil_a state-officer_n there_o be_v the_o two_o great_a secretary_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o duchy_n they_o have_v a_o power_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o privy-council_n and_o to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o what_o the_o chancellor_n and_o vice_n chancellor_n do_v they_o must_v both_o be_v ecclesiastic_n and_o their_o office_n be_v a_o great_a step_n to_o the_o chancellor_n dignity_n they_o have_v the_o keep_n of_o the_o king_n signet_n and_o be_v qualify_v for_o the_o high_a episcopal_a honour_n and_o have_v precedence_n before_o most_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n or_o kingdom_n office_n the_o master_n of_o request_n or_o referendary_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n their_o business_n be_v to_o receive_v petition_n make_v to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o give_v his_o majesty_n answer_n they_o have_v a_o place_n in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n court_n of_o justice_n these_o be_v in_o all_o four_o one_o ecclesiastical_a and_o one_o civil_a for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o great_a office_n duchy_n two_o cupbearer_n for_o each_o nation_n for_o the_o same_o two_o carver_n and_o two_o sword-bearer_n the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o court_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n these_o supply_n either_o the_o absence_n or_o vacancy_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o great_a treasurer_n prussia_n the_o treasurer_n of_o prussia_n who_o business_n be_v to_o take_v all_o account_n of_o the_o collector_n of_o revenue_n in_o that_o province_n and_o to_o transmit_v they_o to_o the_o great_a treasurer_n judge_n associate_n to_o judge_n which_o be_v general_o such_o as_o reside_v in_o the_o king_n court_n viz._n the_o master_n of_o request_n vicechancellor_n etc._n etc._n notary_n two_o chief_a notary_n of_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n for_o civil_a cause_n either_o of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o the_o great_a duchy_n inchancery_n two_o register_n in_o the_o chancery_n of_o both_o nation_n escheator_n a_o officer_n that_o look_v after_o the_o escheat_n call_v by_o we_o escheator_n he_o can_v either_o sue_v for_o or_o seize_v any_o such_o land_n or_o good_n as_o fall_v to_o the_o crown_n house_n the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o custom-house_n who_o give_v in_o their_o account_n as_o often_o as_o the_o great_a treasurer_n require_v they_o mine_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o silver_n lead_v and_o salt_n mine_n they_o exercise_v jurisdiction_n over_o the_o workman_n there_o but_o must_v nevertheless_o admit_v of_o appeal_n to_o court_n mint_n the_o governor_n or_o warden_n of_o the_o mint_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n their_o business_n be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o money_n there_o coin_v be_v of_o weight_n and_o value_n court-officer_n the_o chief_a officer_n of_o the_o king_n court_n be_v treat_v of_o before_o in_o the_o letter_n to_o his_o grace_n the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n district_n the_o officer_n of_o district_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o sort_n civil_a and_o military_a the_o civil_a be_v office_n the_o vice-chamberlain_n who_o office_n be_v to_o decide_v all_o difference_n within_o his_o district_n about_o the_o bound_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n to_o which_o he_o be_v swear_v he_o have_v several_a deputy_n under_o chamberlain_n he_o call_v chamberlain_n who_o he_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o gentry_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o to_o who_o he_o give_v a_o oath_n to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o office_n it_o be_v at_o his_o pleasure_n to_o displace_v these_o as_o often_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a assistant_n the_o judge_n who_o together_o with_o his_o assistant_n determine_v all_o civil_a cause_n and_o controversy_n prothonotary_n the_o prothonotary_n who_o in_o those_o court_n have_v likewise_o a_o power_n of_o give_v his_o opinion_n collector_n the_o head_n collector_n of_o the_o public_a revenue_n who_o be_v accountable_a above_o call_v the_o other_o officer_n be_v less_o considerable_a be_v sewer_n carver_n cupbearer_n sword-bearer_n etc._n etc._n the_o reason_n of_o there_o be_v such_o officer_n in_o every_o palatinate_n be_v because_o former_o each_o province_n of_o poland_n be_v a_o sovereignty_n and_o have_v its_o peculiar_a prince_n who_o have_v all_o their_o court-officer_n but_o now_o though_o these_o office_n remain_v yet_o it_o be_v only_o with_o honorary_a title_n and_o some_o few_o privilege_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v that_o when_o the_o king_n come_v into_o their_o palatinate_n his_o court-officer_n must_v leave_v to_o they_o the_o honour_n of_o serve_v he_o at_o table_n bear_v the_o sword_n before_o he_o etc._n etc._n district_n the_o military_a officer_n of_o a_o district_n be_v starostas_n with_o and_o without_o jurisdiction_n jurisdiction_n starostas_n with_o jurisdiction_n be_v governor_n of_o castle_n and_o royal_a city_n who_o sit_v and_o hear_v private_a cause_n of_o small_a moment_n once_o a_o fortnight_n and_o those_o of_o great_a concern_v every_o six_o week_n if_o nothing_o intervene_v to_o prevent_v they_o etc._n these_o have_v vice_n starostas_fw-la judge_n clerk_n and_o servant_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o sheriff_n officer_n to_o enforce_v justice_n in_o case_n of_o resistance_n starostas_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o these_o starostas_n extend_v not_o only_o over_o the_o commonalty_n but_o likewise_o over_o the_o gentry_n they_o have_v also_o a_o care_n of_o the_o
the_o church_n and_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v assist_v to_o they_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n as_o often_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o require_v nunciature_n to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n belong_v the_o court_n of_o nunciature_n hold_v by_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n for_o that_o purpose_n always_o reside_v in_o poland_n however_o before_o he_o can_v have_v any_o jurisdiction_n he_o must_v have_v present_v the_o king_n and_o the_o principal_a minister_n of_o state_n with_o the_o apostolic_a brief_n of_o his_o nunciature_n court_n the_o civil_a jurisdiction_n be_v divide_v among_o divers_a sort_n of_o judge_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o commonalty_n as_o well_o as_o gentry_n some_o of_o these_o determine_v cause_n exempt_a from_o appeal_n and_o other_o can_v tribunal_n those_o from_o who_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n be_v the_o three_o hightribunal_n institute_v by_o stephen_n batori_n the_o judge_n whereof_o be_v all_o gentry_n two_o of_o these_o tribunal_n be_v for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o one_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n those_o for_o the_o kingdom_n keep_v their_o session_n six_o month_n at_o petricovia_n in_o low_a poland_n and_o the_o other_o six_o at_o lublin_n in_o high_a poland_n that_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v alternative_o one_o year_n at_o vilna_n and_o another_o either_o at_o novogrodec_n or_o minski_n they_o all_o consist_v of_o so_o many_o judge_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a choose_v out_o of_o every_o palatinate_n the_o former_a once_o in_o four_o year_n and_o the_o latter_a once_o in_o two_o judgement_n be_v pronounce_v here_o by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n but_o where_o matter_n be_v pure_o ecclesiastical_a there_o ought_v to_o be_v as_o many_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o the_o laity_n the_o cause_n here_o be_v hear_v in_o order_n for_o three_o day_n be_v allow_v to_o enter_v all_o that_o come_v and_o whatever_o be_v not_o enter_v within_o that_o time_n can_v be_v adjudge_v that_o sit_v a_o man_n that_o have_v a_o trial_n in_o these_o court_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v all_o the_o nation_n for_o his_o judge_n deputy_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a be_v send_v thither_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n green-cloth_n the_o senate_n also_o judge_n of_o civil_a or_o criminal_a matter_n without_o appeal_n as_o do_v likewise_o the_o great_a marshal_n in_o all_o case_n relate_v to_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o the_o great_a chancellor_n in_o matter_n of_o appeal_n to_o the_o court_n which_o they_o have_v only_a cognisance_n of_o but_o the_o marshal_n jurisdiction_n extend_v over_o all_o merchant_n and_o stranger_n both_o who_o find_v but_o little_a justice_n do_v they_o in_o poland_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n for_o it_o court_v also_o there_o be_v two_o exchequer_n court_v for_o the_o revenue_n one_o hold_v at_o radom_n in_o high_a poland_n and_o the_o other_o at_o vilna_n these_o court_n seldom_o sit_v above_o a_o fortnight_n or_o three_o week_n appeal_n those_o that_o be_v not_o exempt_a from_o appeal_n be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o commonalty_n in_o every_o palatinate_n which_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o have_v any_o of_o the_o clergy_n for_o judge_n those_o for_o the_o gentry_n be_v either_o the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n or_o those_o of_o the_o starostas_n and_o be_v more_o or_o few_o in_o number_n according_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o palatinate_n where_o they_o be_v hold_v judge_n the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n have_v one_o judge_n a_o associate_n and_o a_o natory_n or_o head-clerk_n to_o try_v cause_n and_o administer_v all_o civil_a justice_n in_o some_o place_n four_o in_o other_o six_o time_n a_o year_n and_o in_o other_o once_o a_o month._n the_o courseof_o these_o court_n can_v only_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o death_n of_o any_o of_o their_o judge_n by_o the_o diet_n or_o by_o the_o general_a meeting_n of_o the_o palatine_n and_o magistrate_n which_o last_o be_v every_o autumn_n to_o hear_v appeal_n from_o inferior_a court_n the_o town_n where_o the_o gentry_n sit_v be_v in_o great_a number_n and_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o none_o who_o have_v land_n or_o good_n within_o each_o jurisdiction_n can_v be_v make_v to_o appear_v at_o a_o court_n where_o they_o have_v none_o court_n the_o immediate_a appeal_n from_o these_o court_n be_v to_o the_o vice-chamberlain_n of_o the_o palatinate_n who_o either_o by_o himself_o or_o his_o deputy_n the_o chamberlain_n of_o that_o district_n restore_v all_o that_o have_v be_v dispossess_v and_o ascertain_v all_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o land_n this_o be_v as_o it_o be_v his_o whole_a jurisdiction_n but_o where_o there_o be_v any_o contest_v between_o the_o king_n and_o any_o of_o the_o gentry_n in_o this_o kind_a then_o at_o their_o request_n appeal_n commissioner_n be_v appoint_v out_o of_o the_o senate_n to_o inspect_v the_o matter_n dispute_v and_o to_o do_v justice_n therein_o likewise_o where_o the_o difference_n be_v between_o the_o king_n and_o a_o clergyman_n commissioner_n be_v order_v but_o there_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n claim_v the_o nomination_n of_o one_o or_o more_o of_o they_o when_o any_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n die_v the_o king_n can_v name_v other_o till_o the_o district_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v have_v choose_v four_o out_o of_o the_o housekeeper_n but_o then_o he_o may_v pitch_v upon_o one_o for_o each_o election_n this_o office_n be_v once_o obtain_v it_o can_v be_v forfeit_v but_o by_o a_o high_a promotion_n or_o male_a administration_n court_n the_o other_o court_n for_o the_o gentry_n be_v those_o that_o take_v cognizance_n of_o criminal_a case_n whereof_o there_o be_v one_o only_o in_o every_o starostaship_n call_v sudy_a grodskie_n where_o either_o the_o starosta_n himself_o or_o his_o lieutenant-criminal_a administer_v justice_n in_o his_o castle_n or_o some_o other_o public_a place_n at_o least_o every_o six_o week_n he_o likewise_o have_v cognisance_n of_o civil_a cause_n between_o such_o as_o have_v no_o land_n and_o such_o foreigner_n as_o come_v to_o trade_n here_o process_n in_o criminal_a case_n be_v to_o be_v serve_v here_o a_o fortnight_n and_o in_o civil_a a_o week_n before_o the_o court_n sit_v office_n he_o be_v also_o the_o executive_a minister_n of_o all_o sentence_n pronounce_v and_o likewise_o a_o sole_a conservator_n of_o the_o peace_n within_o his_o territory_n he_o be_v oblige_v by_o himself_o or_o his_o officer_n to_o see_v all_o public_a execution_n perform_v the_o court_n of_o the_o commonalty_n be_v either_o in_o city_n or_o village_n city_n in_o city_n justice_n be_v administer_v by_o the_o scabin_n town-hall_n or_o judg-advocate_n the_o scabin_n have_v cognisance_n of_o all_o capital_a offence_n and_o criminal_a matter_n the_o town-hall_n of_o all_o civil_a case_n to_o which_o likewise_o the_o gentry_n be_v subject_a and_o the_o judg-advocate_n of_o offence_n commit_v by_o soldier_n civil_a matter_n of_o small_a moment_n be_v determine_v sole_o by_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n but_o which_o be_v subject_a to_o appeal_v to_o the_o town-hall_n and_o thence_o to_o the_o king_n village_n in_o village_n the_o commonalty_n be_v subject_a to_o scabin_n be_v the_o king_n officer_n and_o to_o scultet_n or_o peculiar_a lord_n from_o which_o last_o lie_v no_o appeal_n here_o justice_n be_v almost_o arbitrary_a except_o in_o criminal_a case_n the_o scultet_n be_v hereditary_a judge_n the_o execution_n of_o all_o sentence_n in_o city_n and_o town_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o its_o own_o magistrate_n though_o in_o some_o case_n they_o be_v force_v to_o beg_v assistance_n from_o the_o starostas_fw-la court_v the_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n of_o the_o plebeian_n court_n be_v some_o name_v by_o their_o peculiar_a lord_n and_o some_o elect_v by_o their_o fellow_n citizen_n except_o in_o cracow_n only_o where_o the_o palatine_a have_v a_o right_a of_o choose_v the_o magistrate_n though_o he_o have_v not_o the_o same_o power_n to_o dis-place_n they_o after_o they_o be_v once_o choose_v for_o they_o be_v to_o continue_v their_o office_n for_o life_n unless_o they_o forfeit_v it_o by_o infamy_n or_o inability_n out_o of_o the_o xxiv_o compose_v the_o council_n or_o senate_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatine_a every_o year_n depute_v eight_o with_o the_o title_n and_o power_n of_o president_n he_o also_o name_v the_o judge_n and_o scabins_n by_o the_o magdeburg_n law_n though_o these_o in_o other_o city_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o council_n the_o scultet_n or_o hereditary_a judge_n can_v be_v remove_v but_o in_o extraordinary_a case_n profit_n the_o profit_n of_o all_o office_n be_v but_o very_o small_a and_o scarce_o any_o certain_a the_o pole_n esteem_v the_o honour_n of_o enjoy_v they_o sufficient_a recompense_n nevertheless_o they_o have_v all_o salary_n and_o perquisites_n though_o inconsiderable_a jurisdiction_n the_o military_a
then_o they_o proceed_v to_o institute_v the_o court_n call_v kaptur_n treat_v of_o before_o interregnum_fw-la this_o diet_n consist_v of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o represent_v the_o king_n person_n and_o the_o other_o senator_n together_o with_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o province_n 275._o in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n when_o the_o king_n die_v the_o office_n of_o inter-rex_a come_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n and_o next_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o posnan_n and_o so_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o lower_n poland_n which_o in_o this_o respect_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o high_a though_o in_o nothing_o else_o yet_o however_o they_o may_v grant_v away_o their_o power_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o inter-regnum_n before_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n when_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n officiate_v during_o the_o whole_a interregnum_fw-la by_o a_o common_a consent_n of_o those_o bishop_n proceed_n 291._o some_o of_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n be_v dispatch_v to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n to_o remain_v with_o they_o and_o to_o be_v assist_v to_o they_o with_o their_o counsel_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o war._n some_o senator_n and_o deputy_n likewise_o be_v appoint_v to_o inspect_v the_o crown-treasure_n deposit_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n and_o to_o take_v a_o inventory_n thereof_o which_o they_o be_v afterward_o to_o report_v to_o the_o diet._n this_o treasure_n be_v common_o commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o eight_o senator_n who_o be_v the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatine_n of_o cracovia_n posnania_n vilna_n sendomir_n kalisch_n and_o troki_n together_o with_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n each_o have_v his_o particular_a seal_n and_o key_n and_o therefore_o none_o to_o act_v without_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o also_o commissioner_n be_v send_v to_o inform_v themselves_o of_o the_o king_n crown-revenue_n which_o they_o be_v likewise_o to_o make_v their_o report_n of_o during_o this_o session_n and_o till_o a_o new_a king_n be_v proclaim_v the_o republic_n 306._o claim_v the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a from_o all_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o crown_v head_n although_o hautaville_n say_v he_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n write_v to_o this_o diet_n of_o election_n have_v not_o falute_v they_o with_o that_o title_n but_o only_o express_v himself_o in_o these_o term_n to_o our_o dear_a and_o well_o belove_a friend_n and_o ally_n the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n two_o whilst_o this_o diet_n sit_v which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v not_o to_o be_v above_o a_o fortnight_n without_o prorogation_n and_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o circular_a letter_n to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n all_o court_n of_o justice_n cease_v except_o only_o that_o of_o the_o marshal_n which_o continue_v as_o before_o and_o a_o court_n establish_v to_o prevent_v disorder_n in_o the_o diet._n as_o for_o all_o private_a affair_n and_o suit_n of_o law_n they_o be_v delay_v till_o after_o the_o new_a king_n coronation_n the_o proceed_n in_o this_o diet_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o those_o in_o other_o diet_n occasion_n most_o crown_v head_n and_o other_o christian_a prince_n send_v ambassador_n to_o this_o election_n and_o more_o especial_o the_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o france_n the_o pope_n also_o always_o send_v his_o nuncio_n to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o election_n shall_v fall_v upon_o a_o profess_a catholic_n and_o one_o that_o be_v in_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n the_o emperor_n and_o french_a king_n always_o raise_v great_a faction_n to_o promote_v their_o several_a interest_n receive_v before_o any_o ambassador_n arrive_v they_o be_v to_o send_v notice_n of_o their_o come_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o be_v to_o appoint_v they_o lodging_n at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o city_n and_o to_o assign_v they_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n who_o business_n be_v rather_o to_o observe_v their_o conduct_n and_o to_o acquaint_v the_o diet_n therewith_o than_o to_o do_v they_o either_o any_o service_n or_o honour_n but_o however_o these_o rule_n be_v but_o seldom_o observe_v for_o prince_n ambassador_n now_o general_o live_v public_o at_o warsaw_n a_o gentleman_n it_o be_v true_a be_v still_o appoint_v to_o be_v always_o with_o they_o who_o chief_a business_n be_v to_o prevent_v their_o corrupt_v any_o with_o money_n but_o this_o precaution_n be_v notwithstanding_o now_o become_v useless_a since_o avarice_n bear_v so_o great_a a_o sway_n in_o poland_n that_o even_o the_o fidelity_n which_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n owe_v his_o country_n can_v withstand_v the_o charm_n of_o a_o thousand_o crown_n republic_n ambassador_n be_v not_o only_o receive_v from_o foreign_a prince_n and_o their_o master_n letter_n public_o read_v but_o also_o polish_v minister_n be_v send_v at_o this_o time_n from_o the_o republic_n to_o all_o neighbour_a state_n to_o answer_v their_o embassy_n and_o to_o request_v their_o amity_n here_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o all_o ambassador_n or_o envoy_n who_o have_v have_v audience_n of_o leave_n before_o the_o late_a king_n death_n be_v desire_v to_o depart_v within_o eight_o day_n minister_n ambassador_n from_o foreign_a court_n must_v take_v especial_a care_n to_o secure_v the_o diet_n in_o general_n since_o the_o bare_a disoblige_v of_o one_o particular_a member_n may_v render_v they_o for_o ever_o incapable_a of_o bring_v their_o design_n about_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o election_n of_o michael_n wiesnowiski_n where_o the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o newburg_n be_v exclude_v be_v the_o quarrel_n with_o the_o chancellor_n patz_n nevertheless_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o that_o election_n be_v tumultuary_a the_o nobility_n have_v not_o their_o free_a vote_n and_o that_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n hurry_v away_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o multitude_n which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o prasmowski_n than_o primate_n be_v force_v to_o proclaim_v he_o though_o he_o know_v that_o the_o republic_n at_o that_o juncture_n have_v need_n of_o both_o a_o rich_a and_o valiant_a king_n neither_o of_o which_o that_o prince_n can_v in_o the_o least_o pretend_v to_o be_v he_o be_v no_o soon_o proclaim_v but_o the_o chancellor_n begin_v to_o insinuate_v that_o he_o owe_v his_o crown_n to_o he_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o difficult_a task_n for_o he_o to_o impose_v on_o a_o prince_n who_o be_v easy_o govern_v and_o who_o have_v always_o show_v more_o good_a nature_n than_o judgement_n diet_n after_o the_o diet_n of_o convocation_n end_v the_o nuncios_fw-la and_o deputy_n retire_v to_o their_o several_a country_n where_o they_o acquaint_v the_o gentry_n be_v a_o second_o time_n assemble_v in_o their_o little_a diet_n of_o the_o proceed_n in_o this_o general_a convocation_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o day_n assign_v for_o the_o election_n whereupon_o the_o gentry_n immediate_o begin_v to_o consult_v about_o what_o be_v proper_a to_o be_v propose_v in_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n and_o they_o proceed_v to_o choose_v new_a deputy_n in_o prussia_n the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n be_v sole_a lord_n lieutenant_n summon_v all_o these_o little_a diet_n by_o his_o mandate_n election_n the_o general_a diet_n for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n be_v former_o hold_v at_o petricovia_n but_o since_o the_o join_n of_o the_o kingdom_n with_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v always_o hold_v in_o a_o open_a field_n half_a a_o league_n from_o warsaw_n and_o near_o the_o village_n of_o vola_fw-la and_o be_v not_o to_o continue_v by_o the_o law_n above_o six_o week_n the_o crown-treasurer_n at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o republic_n build_v there_o a_o large_a booth_n or_o hall_n with_o board_n not_o unlike_a booth_n in_o our_o bartholomew_n fair_a the_o name_n the_o pole_n give_v to_o this_o place_n be_v 295._o szopa_n signify_v a_o cover_a room_n against_o the_o injury_n of_o wether_n it_o have_v but_o three_o door_n to_o go_v in_o at_o and_o they_o fortify_v it_o round_o with_o a_o broad_a and_o deep_a ditch_n when_o this_o place_n be_v thus_o finish_v by_o the_o care_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a officer_n and_o the_o day_n fix_v for_o the_o diet_n convening_n be_v arrive_v the_o senator_n and_o nobility_n go_v in_o great_a order_n to_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n where_o they_o pray_v god_n to_o assist_v they_o in_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n who_o may_v have_v all_o the_o quality_n necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o church_n and_o protect_v the_o republic_n then_o they_o go_v to_o wait_v on_o the_o queen_n dowager_n to_o condole_v the_o death_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n her_o husband_n the_o primate_n speak_v for_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o last_o nuncio-marshal_n for_o the_o deputy_n who_o be_v then_o answer_v in_o the_o queen_n
there_o shall_v be_v no_o successor_n name_v for_o the_o future_a while_o the_o predecessor_n survive_v this_o constitution_n stephen_n bateri_n will_v have_v invade_v but_o the_o republic_n oppose_v he_o so_o vigorous_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o let_v fall_v his_o design_n it_o all_o christian_a prince_n have_v a_o feasible_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o each_o of_o they_o to_o oppose_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n since_o they_o will_v thereby_o absolute_o be_v exclude_v from_o it_o this_o occasion_v the_o present_a emperor_n leopold_n to_o send_v francis_n de_fw-fr lisola_n to_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1661._o where_o john_n casimir_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o propose_v a_o prince_n to_o succeed_v he_o wherefore_o in_o conjunction_n with_o john_n owerbeck_n envoy_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenbourg_n lisola_n raise_v faction_n in_o the_o diet_n which_o be_v second_v by_o marshal_n lubomirski_n insomuch_o that_o they_o quick_o overthrow_v king_n casimir_n design_n and_o cause_v the_o diet_n to_o confirm_v the_o former_a constitution_n against_o elect_v of_o a_o successor_n several_a of_o the_o lithuanian_a gentry_n have_v the_o same_o intention_n with_o john_n casimir_n but_o however_o with_o these_o follow_a precaution_n first_o that_o such_o a_o successor_n shall_v be_v elect_v a_o new_a after_o the_o king_n death_n second_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n three_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o piasto_n or_o native_a four_o that_o he_o shall_v neither_o be_v a_o emperor_n king_n nor_o sovereign_a prince_n of_o another_o country_n five_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v any_o neighbour_n of_o poland_n six_o that_o he_o shall_v neither_o be_v too_o young_a nor_o too_o old_a and_o seven_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v marry_v election_n no_o doubt_n the_o design_n of_o king_n casimir_n and_o of_o all_o those_o that_o be_v for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n be_v good_a for_o they_o have_v thereby_o a_o mind_n to_o secure_v the_o government_n from_o those_o division_n and_o intestine_a jar_n which_o common_o happen_v in_o interregnum_n but_o those_o who_o oppose_v they_o affirm_v that_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n will_v undoubted_o soon_o introduce_v a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n and_o be_v the_o ruin_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n whatever_o care_n they_o can_v take_v to_o prevent_v it_o that_o it_o will_v be_v likewise_o against_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o elect_a a_o soccessor_n in_o the_o king_n life_n time_n and_o that_o if_o the_o republic_n consent_v to_o it_o they_o will_v be_v no_o long_o at_o liberty_n to_o oppose_v it_o that_o it_o will_v moreover_o be_v a_o injury_n do_v to_o several_a prince_n who_o all_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n which_o will_v therefore_o infallible_o embroil_v it_o in_o new_a trouble_n when_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o that_o crown_n to_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o all_o the_o world_n these_o be_v the_o several_a reason_n offer_v by_o the_o two_o party_n the_o last_o whereof_o as_o i_o say_v before_o get_v the_o better_a crown_v till_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v crown_v he_o have_v real_o no_o 331._o regal_a authority_n for_o he_o can_v bestow_v no_o benefice_n give_v no_o office_n nor_o pardon_v any_o offence_n neither_o can_v he_o make_v use_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o the_o chancery_n nor_o set_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n a_o go_v which_o be_v always_o silence_v during_o a_o interregnum_fw-la till_o he_o have_v take_v his_o coronation_n oath_n coronation_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o king-elect_a to_o appoint_v a_o day_n for_o his_o coronation_n which_o former_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v at_o 185._o gnesna_n till_o the_o coronation_n of_o vladislaus_n locticus_n be_v solemnize_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n 1320._o where_o it_o be_v fix_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nevertheless_o vladislaus_n vii_o will_v needs_o crown_v his_o queen_n caecilia_n renata_n at_o warsaw_n but_o which_o be_v not_o perform_v without_o excessive_a murmur_n of_o the_o gentry_n ceremony_n the_o day_n of_o coronation_n be_v arrive_v the_o king_n make_v his_o solemn_a entry_n into_o cracow_n with_o great_a pomp_n and_o acclamation_n the_o scabin_n of_o the_o city_n carry_v the_o day_n over_o he_o precede_v by_o all_o the_o horse_n and_o foot-guard_n with_o their_o officer_n immediate_o after_o the_o king_n follow_v the_o bishop_n palatine_n and_o foreign_a ambassador_n on_o horseback_n just_o before_o the_o king_n ride_v a_o officer_n who_o throw_v some_o coronation_n medal_n among_o the_o people_n but_o which_o seldom_o amount_v to_o any_o great_a sum._n thus_o attend_v his_o majesty_n be_v conduct_v through_o the_o city_n to_o the_o castle_n have_v first_o receive_v the_o key_n of_o the_o city_n from_o the_o magistrate_n in_o the_o first_o gate_n thereof_o and_o pass_v under_o several_a triumphal_a arch_n with_o motto_n of_o various_a invention_n at_o the_o castle-gate_n he_o have_v the_o key_n of_o that_o important_a place_n also_o present_v he_o with_o a_o solemn_a harangue_n by_o the_o starosta_n of_o cracow_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o banquet_v and_o feast_n procession_n 525._o the_o day_n follow_v be_v that_o which_o precede_v the_o coronation_n the_o obsequy_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n be_v to_o be_v celebrate_v when_o they_o carry_v his_o body_n to_o schalka_n to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n 336._o the_o order_n of_o procession_n be_v this_o first_o the_o new_a king_n march_v on_o foot_n then_o follow_v all_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o great_a duchy_n together_o with_o the_o deputy_n the_o ensign_n with_o the_o standard_n of_o every_o palatinate_n and_o last_o the_o crown_n sceptre_n globe_n sword_n and_o other_o regalia_z be_v carry_v before_o the_o corpse_n point_v towards_o the_o ground_n after_o these_o come_v a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o gentry_n and_o next_o after_o they_o march_v the_o several_a company_n of_o trade_n barefooted_a belong_v both_o to_o the_o city_n and_o court_n each_o have_v a_o empty_a coffin_n and_o pall_n bear_v before_o they_o on_o the_o shoulder_n of_o two_o men._n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o that_o assist_v at_o this_o procession_n must_v be_v in_o mourn_v interment_n at_o the_o place_n of_o interment_n the_o marshal_n break_v their_o staff_n against_o the_o king_n tomb_n and_o all_o the_o other_o officer_n be_v discharge_v of_o their_o authority_n several_a way_n after_o which_o the_o body_n be_v inter_v in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n lie_v all_o bury_v there_o i_o shall_v have_v remember_v that_o the_o myter_v clergy_n general_o march_v about_o the_o corpse_n perform_v the_o day_n after_o the_o funeral_n be_v assign_v for_o the_o coronation_n the_o ceremony_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n although_o that_o office_n be_v once_o 63._o dispute_v with_o he_o by_o sâ—igneius_n olesnicius_n as_o be_v both_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o cardinal_n at_o the_o same_o time_n yet_o nevertheless_o casimir_n iv._o decide_v that_o difference_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o which_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o alexander_n 95._o notwithstanding_o if_o the_o primate_n be_v either_o dead_a or_o refractory_a that_o right_o devolve_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o upon_o his_o obstinacy_n absence_n or_o death_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n the_o two_o bishop_n that_o assist_v at_o the_o coronation_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o cujavia_n coronation_n the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o procession_n when_o the_o king_n go_v to_o be_v crown_v be_v order_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n but_o before_o his_o majesty_n stir_v out_o he_o be_v habit_v after_o a_o very_a splendid_a manner_n by_o the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n be_v conduct_v from_o the_o castle_n to_o the_o cathedral_n by_o the_o senator_n foreign_a ambassador_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o gentry_n coronation_n before_o he_o enter_v the_o church_n the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o horse_n bring_v the_o crown_n sceptre_n and_o naked_a sword_n to_o the_o archbishop_n who_o place_v they_o all_o upon_o the_o altar_n after_o which_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o cujavia_n have_v receive_v the_o king_n they_o hold_v he_o under_o each_o arm_n and_o present_v he_o to_o the_o archbishop_n to_o who_o he_o make_v a_o bow_n coronation_n i_o imagine_v a_o more_o particular_a account_n of_o this_o ceremony_n may_v neither_o be_v unacceptable_a to_o your_o lordship_n nor_o the_o public_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v for_o the_o future_a describe_v all_o the_o most_o remarkable_a circumstance_n thereof_o as_o
to_o the_o people_n knight_v next_o day_n the_o king_n go_v on_o horseback_n rich_o attire_v and_o in_o great_a pomp_n to_o the_o town-house_n some_o of_o the_o senators_z carrying_z the_o regalia_z before_o he_o the_o order_n of_o march_n be_v the_o bishop_n behind_o and_o the_o lay_n senator_n before_o and_o then_o the_o other_o officer_n nuncios_fw-la etc._n etc._n before_o they_o while_o he_o be_v in_o procession_n the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n scatter_v among_o the_o people_n a_o great_a number_n both_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n medal_n more_o from_o the_o castle_n to_o the_o town-house_n here_o he_o be_v habit_v anew_o with_o his_o royal_a robe_n and_o seat_v in_o a_o splendid_a throne_n erect_v on_o purpose_n when_o the_o senate_n sit_v in_o a_o inferior_a degree_n on_o each_o hand_n of_o he_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n come_v to_o pay_v he_o their_o homage_n and_o to_o assure_v he_o of_o their_o fidelity_n and_o loyalty_n present_v he_o again_o with_o the_o key_n of_o every_o of_o their_o gate_n gild_v and_o lay_v in_o a_o silver_n plate_n which_o do_v the_o chancellor_n assure_v they_o of_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o then_o read_v aloud_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n to_o they_o which_o they_o then_o take_v on_o their_o knee_n hold_v up_o their_o hand_n all_o the_o while_n have_v thus_o swear_v the_o magistrate_n present_v he_o with_o a_o purse_n of_o gold_n and_o then_o receive_v their_o key_n back_o after_o which_o the_o king_n have_v deliver_v the_o sceptre_n and_o globe_n to_o some_o of_o the_o senator_n stand_v about_o he_o he_o receive_v a_o naked_a sword_n from_o the_o great_a sword-bearer_n which_o rise_v up_o and_o flourish_v over_o his_o head_n towards_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n he_o sit_v down_o again_o and_o by_o a_o light_n strike_v of_o the_o blade_n on_o the_o shoulder_n of_o some_o of_o the_o burgher_n create_v they_o knight_n this_o do_v the_o great_a treasurer_n in_o the_o king_n be_v return_v back_o to_o the_o castle_n scatters_z some_o more_o medal_n among_o the_o people_n whilst_o the_o canon_n proclaim_v their_o joy_n and_o if_o it_o be_v night_n as_o general_o it_o be_v by_o that_o time_n all_o these_o ceremony_n be_v over_o the_o firework_n be_v light_v and_o various_a proof_n of_o satisfaction_n be_v every_o where_o both_o to_o be_v see_v and_o hear_v proclaim_v the_o king_n be_v thus_o establish_v in_o the_o throne_n the_o diet_n of_o the_o coronation_n sit_v where_o first_o the_o primate_n lay_v down_o his_o authority_n of_o inter-rex_a and_o then_o every_o individual_a member_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o diet_n take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o supremacy_n to_o the_o king_n after_o which_o his_o majesty_n be_v invest_v with_o the_o plenary_a regal_a authority_n he_o give_v new_a seal_n to_o the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o marshal_n bear_v their_o staff_n erect_v before_o he_o then_o he_o issue_v out_o his_o royal_a proclamation_n command_v all_o magistrate_n and_o all_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n great_a duchy_n and_o annex_v province_n to_o cause_v his_o coronation_n and_o confirmation_n of_o the_o people_n liberty_n and_o privilege_n to_o be_v proclaim_v on_o the_o first_o public_a day_n in_o every_o city_n and_o town_n and_o afterward_o to_o be_v register_v in_o their_o journal_o also_o by_o the_o same_o proclamation_n he_o give_v liberty_n to_o all_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o proceed_v after_o their_o usual_a manner_n and_o then_o confirm_v aâ—_n the_o act_n and_o constitution_n which_o have_v pass_v in_o the_o diet_n during_o the_o inter-regnum_fw-la not_o as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o a_o queen_n of_o poland_n coronation_n we_o must_v first_o observe_v that_o she_o can_v be_v crown_v unless_o she_o be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n a_o instance_n whereof_o we_o may_v see_v in_o helena_n wife_n to_o king_n alexander_n who_o be_v of_o the_o greek_a persuasion_n and_o not_o care_v to_o reform_v be_v not_o crown_v also_o we_o may_v read_v in_o history_n that_o queen_n have_v either_o be_v crown_v with_o their_o husband_n or_o without_o with_o their_o husband_n when_o they_o be_v either_o marry_v to_o they_o before_o or_o at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o coronation_n and_o without_o when_o they_o be_v marry_v afterward_o with_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n for_o it_o have_v always_o be_v think_v so_o very_o necessary_a to_o have_v their_o consent_n that_o it_o be_v insert_v among_o the_o article_n of_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la likewise_o the_o king_n can_v be_v divorce_v from_o his_o queen_n without_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o diet_n neither_o can_v he_o crown_v she_o if_o she_o be_v marry_v to_o he_o after_o his_o coronation_n without_o their_o consent_n but_o if_o she_o be_v marry_v before_o he_o may_v coronation_n the_o place_n of_o the_o queen_n coronation_n be_v general_o cracow_n although_o there_o have_v be_v some_o example_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o vladislaus_n vii_o cause_v his_o queen_n cecilia_n renata_n to_o be_v crown_v at_o warsaw_n and_o king_n michael_n his_o queen_n eleonora_n in_o the_o same_o city_n but_o however_o this_o last_o be_v with_o leave_n of_o the_o diet_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o forbid_v it_o to_o go_v for_o a_o precedent_n for_o the_o future_a what_o have_v be_v say_v about_o a_o queen_n be_v not_o be_v to_o be_v crown_v if_o a_o dowager_n survive_v be_v not_o so_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o several_a example_n it_o as_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o queen_n coronation_n alone_o it_o must_v be_v with_o the_o king_n consent_n he_o must_v request_v it_o of_o the_o republic_n he_o must_v be_v present_a at_o the_o ceremony_n he_o must_v lead_v his_o queen_n into_o the_o church_n and_o he_o must_v present_v she_o to_o the_o archbishop_n or_o other_o bishop_n who_o be_v to_o crown_v she_o anoint_v she_o with_o consecrate_a oil_n and_o to_o put_v a_o sceptre_n into_o her_o right_a hand_n and_o globe_n into_o she_o left_a the_o king_n likewise_o be_v to_o carry_v his_o queen_n to_o the_o townhouse_n but_o she_o be_v to_o receive_v no_o homage_n there_o have_v thus_o my_o lord_n amass_v the_o several_a particular_n intend_v for_o your_o lordship_n perusal_n i_o have_v nothing_o leave_v to_o do_v but_o humble_o to_o acknowledge_v my_o presumption_n and_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o your_o candour_n and_o goodness_n for_o pardon_n and_o protection_n i_o be_o my_o lord_n your_o lordship_n be_v most_o humble_a and_o most_o devote_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n v._n to_o the_o most_o honourable_a john_n lord_n marquess_z of_o normanby_n of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o slavery_n of_o the_o commonalty_n in_o poland_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o custom_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o kingdom_n as_o likewise_o of_o some_o peculiarly_a relate_n to_o particular_a country_n my_o lord_n to_o approach_n so_o great_a a_o person_n as_o your_o lordship_n on_o so_o trifle_v a_o account_n as_o the_o subject_a of_o this_o letter_n i_o be_v conscious_a to_o myself_o be_v no_o way_n suitable_a on_o one_o hand_n your_o know_a ability_n may_v reasonable_o deter_v my_o presumption_n and_o on_o the_o other_o your_o elate_a quality_n check_v my_o ambition_n yet_o consider_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o sometime_o the_o great_a genius_n and_o person_n have_v stoop_v to_o be_v entertain_v with_o the_o folly_n and_o transaction_n of_o the_o crowd_n i_o hope_v among_o the_o rest_n i_o may_v not_o offend_v if_o i_o address_v this_o letter_n to_o you_o and_o the_o rather_o because_o it_o be_v first_o design_v for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o your_o lordship_n leisure_n hour_n my_o lord_n preferment_n the_o three_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n be_v that_o of_o the_o nobility_n out_o of_o which_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o all_o other_o officer_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o military_a be_v take_v for_o no_o body_n else_o that_o be_v not_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n though_o he_o be_v never_o so_o noble_a in_o his_o own_o country_n can_v be_v capable_a of_o any_o preferment_n here_o unless_o it_o be_v some_o inconsiderable_a post_n in_o the_o army_n the_o high_a whereof_o be_v a_o colonel_n or_o at_o most_o a_o major-general_n which_o be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o a_o brigadeer_n in_o our_o army_n so_o that_o there_o be_v little_a or_o no_o encouragement_n for_o person_n of_o foreign_a country_n of_o what_o merit_n or_o degree_n soever_o to_o go_v to_o serve_v this_o republic_n which_o prove_v no_o small_a inconvenience_n and_o prejudice_n to_o their_o state_n few_o as_o for_o the_o citizen_n and_o peasant_n they_o be_v exclude_v from_o all_o preferment_n and_o can_v have_v no_o possession_n unless_o they_o be_v a_o few_o house_n in_o a_o city_n or_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o land_n about_o a_o league_n off_o in_o the_o
country_n but_o here_o the_o citizen_n in_o prussia_n be_v except_v for_o they_o may_v possess_v land_n of_o what_o extent_n soever_o out_o of_o their_o city_n also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o cracow_n may_v purchase_v and_o enjoy_v land_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n likewise_o the_o magistrate_n of_o vilna_n have_v a_o power_n to_o possess_v land_n and_o the_o city_n of_o leopol_n in_o like_a manner_n have_v a_o privilege_n for_o its_o private_a citizen_n to_o hold_v land_n privilege_n a_o nobleman_n gentleman_z or_o one_o that_o be_v freeborn_a of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n every_o gentleman_n have_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o republic_n but_o then_o either_o he_o or_o some_o of_o his_o family_n must_v have_v possession_n in_o land_n there_o he_o can_v pretend_v to_o all_o the_o great_a employment_n and_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o buy_v land_n where_o he_o please_v all_o over_o the_o dominion_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n he_o have_v moreover_o a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n if_o his_o credit_n and_o interest_n can_v procure_v it_o every_o gentleman_n be_v a_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o master_n in_o his_o own_o land_n for_o he_o have_v the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o his_o tenant_n or_o as_o the_o pole_n term_v they_o his_o subject_n though_o i_o may_v better_o call_v they_o his_o slave_n for_o they_o have_v neither_o privilege_n nor_o law_n to_o protect_v they_o but_o be_v to_o be_v govern_v absolute_o by_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o their_o lord_n they_o dare_v not_o leave_v his_o land_n to_o go_v to_o another_o under_o pain_n of_o death_n unless_o he_o sell_v they_o to_o his_o neighbour_n as_o he_o have_v the_o power_n to_o do_v or_o have_v violate_v or_o ravish_v their_o wife_n or_o daughter_n insomuch_o that_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o some_o have_v wish_v to_o have_v have_v a_o fine_a wife_n or_o daughter_n that_o their_o lord_n may_v thereby_o have_v give_v they_o occasion_n to_o get_v rid_v of_o he_o convict_v if_o a_o gentleman_n kill_v another_o gentleman_n slave_n he_o be_v neither_o to_o be_v try_v nor_o punish_v for_o it_o and_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o give_v that_o gentleman_n another_o slave_n in_o the_o room_n of_o he_o or_o as_o much_o money_n as_o will_v buy_v one_o and_o beside_o to_o maintain_v the_o family_n of_o the_o person_n that_o he_o have_v kill_v likewise_o if_o he_o kill_v one_o of_o his_o own_o slave_n he_o only_o pay_v a_o matter_n of_o fifty_o livre_n to_o be_v quit_v nay_o if_o one_o gentleman_n kill_v another_o he_o can_v be_v apprehend_v nor_o clap_v into_o prison_n for_o his_o crime_n nisi_fw-la jure_fw-la victus_fw-la unless_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n have_v first_o convict_v he_o which_o common_o give_v he_o time_n enough_o to_o escape_v for_o he_o must_v first_o be_v cite_v to_o appear_v and_o upon_o his_o neglect_n he_o be_v declare_v contumacious_a and_o consequent_o convict_v but_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v suppose_v that_o he_o who_o know_v himself_o guilty_a will_v not_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o appear_v nor_o venture_v the_o lose_n of_o his_o head_n this_o honour_n the_o pole_n likewise_o bestow_v on_o the_o common_a people_n hang_v being_n not_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o execution_n in_o their_o country_n exception_n however_o hartknoch_n have_v these_o exception_n from_o this_o privilege_n for_o say_v he_o if_o a_o nobleman_n be_v take_v in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o ravish_v burn_v of_o house_n theft_n robbery_n or_o the_o like_a he_o may_v be_v apprehend_v by_o the_o law_n likewise_o if_o he_o will_v not_o give_v sufficient_a caution_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o offence_n or_o last_o if_o he_o be_v find_v in_o the_o register_n to_o have_v be_v thrice_o convict_v before_o notwithstanding_o this_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n say_v hauteville_n i_o have_v know_v one_o instance_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o those_o who_o assassinate_v gonczenski_n petty_a general_n of_o lithuania_n be_v seize_v without_o any_o formality_n and_o carry_v prisoner_n to_o elbing_n and_o be_v afterward_o condemn_v to_o be_v behead_v at_o the_o general_a diet_n at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1664._o but_o then_o this_o crime_n of_o they_o be_v so_o notorious_a that_o the_o nobility_n may_v well_o have_v wave_v their_o privilege_n for_o these_o villain_n take_v that_o gentleman_n out_o of_o his_o bed_n at_o vilna_n and_o put_v he_o into_o a_o coach_n with_o a_o confessor_n carry_v he_o out_o of_o the_o city_n where_o they_o scarce_o allow_v he_o time_n to_o say_v his_o prayer_n before_o they_o shoot_v he_o dead_a with_o pistol_n consent_n a_o polish_v nobleman_n though_o he_o be_v proscribe_v and_o cite_v and_o find_v guilty_a can_v be_v execute_v without_o the_o king_n knowledge_n and_o consent_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o case_n of_o samuel_n zborowski_n who_o though_o he_o have_v be_v proscribe_v and_o condemn_v by_o the_o great_a chancellor_n and_o general_n of_o the_o army_n zamoiski_n yet_o will_v he_o not_o presume_v to_o behead_v he_o till_o he_o have_v know_v king_n stephen_n pleasure_n therein_o soldier_n the_o polish_v gentry_n also_o have_v another_o privilege_n which_o be_v that_o no_o soldier_n or_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n can_v be_v quarter_v upon_o they_o for_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v presume_v to_o attempt_v such_o a_o thing_n the_o diet_n will_v either_o condemn_v he_o to_o death_n or_o pronounce_v he_o infamous_a whereby_o he_o will_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o power_n of_o give_v his_o vote_n in_o all_o assembly_n and_o moreover_o be_v render_v incapable_a of_o enjoy_v any_o office_n or_o employment_n in_o the_o state_n and_o this_o be_v as_o be_v degrade_v from_o his_o nobility_n whereupon_o i_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o passage_n that_o happen_v at_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n of_o john_n iii_o and_o which_o do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v towards_o his_o be_v choose_v the_o palatin_n of_o smolensko_n son_n go_v and_o quarter_v at_o the_o house_n of_o wiesnowiski_n without_o his_o leave_n as_o be_v report_v by_o order_n of_o the_o grand_a general_n patz_n which_o occasion_v the_o marshal_n who_o be_v judge_n in_o these_o case_n two_o day_n before_o the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o diet_n to_o deprive_v this_o palatin_n of_o his_o vote_n in_o the_o election_n whereby_o sobieski_n be_v free_v from_o a_o declare_a enemy_n and_o the_o austrian_a faction_n lose_v a_o profess_a friend_n gentry_n the_o king_n likewise_o can_v now_o lodge_v in_o any_o nobleman_n house_n against_o his_o will_n as_o he_o can_v before_o the_o year_n 1433._o also_o wherever_o any_o foreigner_n die_v without_o heir_n his_o estate_n escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o those_o land_n where_o he_o die_v and_o not_o to_o the_o king_n and_o where_o any_o polish_v gentleman_n die_v without_o heir_n the_o king_n can_v seize_v upon_o his_o estate_n by_o right_a of_o escheat_n if_o he_o have_v a_o relation_n leave_v of_o the_o eight_o degree_n inclusive_o the_o gentry_n also_o may_v have_v house_n in_o the_o king_n city_n and_o town_n but_o then_o they_o must_v not_o let_v such_o trade_n inhabit_v they_o as_o may_v prove_v obnoxious_a or_o a_o nuisance_n to_o the_o citizen_n and_o likewise_o these_o house_n ought_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o city_n but_o which_o however_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o observe_v the_o house_n of_o a_o nobleman_n moreover_o be_v a_o kind_a of_o asylum_n for_o though_o delinquent_n may_v be_v arrest_v there_o with_o his_o consent_n yet_o can_v they_o be_v take_v thence_o by_o force_n diet._n not_o less_o be_v a_o nobleman_n privilege_n as_o to_o custom_n and_o tax_n for_o if_o he_o will_v swear_v his_o good_n be_v not_o buy_v but_o arise_v from_o his_o land_n he_o may_v send_v they_o any_o where_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v sell_v without_o pay_v duty_n and_o where_o he_o have_v once_o so_o swear_v his_o testimonial_n alone_o for_o the_o future_a will_v suffice_v to_o exempt_v they_o also_o his_o subject_n will_v have_v the_o same_o privilege_n wherever_o they_o trade_n in_o prussia_n the_o noble_n be_v not_o only_o free_a from_o custom_n but_o likewise_o all_o the_o other_o inhabitant_n by_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o culm_n but_o although_o the_o polish_v nobility_n be_v thus_o say_v to_o be_v free_a from_o tax_n yet_o upon_o emergent_a occasion_n and_o exigency_n the_o diet_n usual_o oblige_v they_o to_o pay_v they_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n preemption_n the_o nobility_n also_o have_v a_o privilege_n of_o preemption_n of_o salt_n for_o in_o the_o staple_n for_o that_o commodity_n there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o a_o month_n notice_n before_o any_o can_v be_v sell_v to_o any_o body_n else_o notwithstanding_o after_o all_o these_o privilege_n the_o polish_v nobility_n
have_v one_o very_o great_a grievance_n which_o be_v that_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o pospolite_n ruszanie_n or_o general_n muster_v of_o the_o militia_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n privilege_n how_o the_o polish_v gentry_n come_v by_o all_o these_o privilege_n it_o may_v not_o be_v here_o improper_a to_o inquire_v since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o former_o they_o be_v not_o much_o better_a than_o slave_n for_o to_o pass_v by_o many_o other_o example_n cromerus_n say_v they_o be_v once_o oblige_v to_o keep_v the_o king_n dog_n the_o first_o glimpse_n of_o their_o liberty_n may_v reasonable_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o privilege_n grant_v the_o clergy_n by_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a but_o afterward_o when_o poland_n begin_v to_o be_v harass_v by_o civil_a war_n the_o gentry_n obtain_v many_o large_a privilege_n from_o their_o king_n and_o which_o they_o have_v since_o always_o take_v care_n to_o get_v augment_v at_o every_o new_a election_n honour_n all_o the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n be_v equal_a by_o birth_n notwithstanding_o some_o of_o the_o mean_a sort_v send_v their_o child_n to_o serve_v the_o great_a man_n as_o other_o servant_n and_o this_o principal_o to_o learn_v breed_n and_o to_o be_v keep_v in_o awe_n yet_o may_v that_o very_a same_o servant_n have_v as_o good_a a_o vote_n in_o the_o diet_n as_o his_o master_n they_o neither_o value_n nor_o care_n for_o title_n of_o honour_n for_o they_o think_v the_o great_a they_o can_v have_v be_v to_o be_v a_o noble_a pole_n or_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n neither_o the_o king_n nor_o republic_n give_v any_o title_n of_o prince_n duke_z marquess_z count_z viscount_n baron_n or_o knight_n to_o any_o of_o the_o freeborn_a of_o the_o nation_n think_v i_o suppose_v that_o none_o can_v be_v any_o way_n raise_v above_o another_o by_o a_o bare_a exterior_a denomination_n which_o argue_v more_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o prince_n than_o merit_n of_o the_o person_n prefer_v but_o rather_o by_o their_o service_n in_o the_o office_n and_o employment_n which_o they_o enjoy_v despise_v there_o be_v no_o prince_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o those_o which_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a family_n for_o although_o some_o of_o the_o pole_n have_v be_v make_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o the_o emperor_n as_o prince_n lubomirski_n etc._n etc._n yet_o it_o give_v they_o no_o precedence_n in_o poland_n but_o rather_o render_v they_o odious_a and_o despise_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o gentry_n who_o can_v endure_v that_o any_o shall_v pretend_v to_o any_o superiority_n among_o they_o especial_o by_o a_o title_n which_o be_v not_o annex_v to_o some_o employment_n in_o the_o nation_n undervalue_v king_n sigismond_n iii_o thought_n of_o establish_v a_o order_n of_o knighthood_n of_o the_o immaculate_a conception_n in_o poland_n and_o have_v effectual_o create_v several_a knight_n thereof_o allow_v they_o certain_a privilege_n and_o a_o superiority_n above_o other_o but_o these_o be_v so_o despise_v and_o undervalue_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o gentry_n that_o scarce_o any_o one_o afterward_o care_v for_o that_o upstart_a honour_n whereupon_o that_o order_n soon_o dwindle_v into_o nothing_o the_o pole_n have_v a_o proverb_n to_o prove_v their_o equality_n which_o be_v that_o they_o be_v measure_v like_o a_o bushel_n of_o corn_n that_o be_v whenever_o any_o one_o pretend_v to_o rise_v but_o a_o grain_n above_o the_o level_n he_o be_v immediate_o strike_v off_o and_o ridicule_v poland_n there_o be_v some_o gentleman_n in_o poland_n that_o have_v have_v dutchy_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n annex_v to_o their_o estate_n as_o duke_n radzivil_n in_o lithuania_n etc._n etc._n but_o there_o be_v no_o dutchy_n or_o county_n create_v by_o the_o king_n travel_v though_o the_o pole_n in_o their_o own_o country_n have_v no_o honorary_a title_n above_o a_o gentleman_n yet_o several_a have_v be_v know_v to_o have_v usurp_v they_o when_o they_o have_v travel_v into_o france_n italy_n and_o germany_n for_o they_o there_o frequent_o assume_v those_o of_o count_n to_o themselves_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o german_n in_o foreign_a country_n do_v those_o of_o baron_n for_o nothing_o be_v more_o common_a than_o monsieur_n le_fw-fr conte_n malakowski_n il_fw-fr signior_n conde_n potoski_n mynheer_n graff_n jablonowski_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o they_o do_v to_o be_v the_o more_o easy_o admit_v into_o company_n especial_o in_o germany_n where_o it_o be_v scarce_o think_v that_o any_o body_n can_v be_v a_o gentleman_n under_o a_o baron_n and_o consequent_o not_o fit_a for_o conversation_n dr._n connor_n likewise_o say_v he_o have_v know_v some_o of_o our_o english_a gentry_n in_o these_o country_n that_o have_v not_o scrupule_v to_o call_v themselves_o lord_n to_o procure_v they_o the_o great_a respect_n since_o they_o see_v that_o the_o title_n of_o gentleman_n alone_o be_v not_o regard_v there_o gentry_n the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n make_v and_o defend_v their_o own_o law_n and_o liberty_n elect_v their_o king_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o freedom_n give_v he_o the_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n appoint_v minister_n to_o counsel_n and_o instruct_v he_o and_o their_o number_n far_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o senate_n they_o easy_o keep_v the_o king_n and_o senator_n in_o their_o duty_n and_o threaten_v both_o very_a often_o especial_o in_o the_o diet_n where_o each_o member_n have_v a_o liberty_n to_o speak_v what_o he_o think_v and_o to_o think_v what_o he_o please_v it_o be_v they_o that_o despute_v the_o nuncios_fw-la out_o of_o themselves_o for_o every_o province_n to_o meet_v and_o sit_v in_o the_o general_n diet_n with_o full_a instruction_n and_o absolute_a power_n not_o to_o consent_v to_o any_o proceed_n which_o shall_v in_o the_o least_o entrench_v on_o their_o privilege_n or_o if_o such_o deputy_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v bribe_v to_o act_v contrary_a to_o their_o instruction_n then_o have_v the_o gentry_n of_o the_o province_n whence_o they_o be_v send_v a_o free_a authority_n to_o punish_v they_o for_o so_o do_v great_a not_o only_o these_o excessive_a privilege_n make_v the_o polish_v gentry_n powerful_a and_o great_a but_o likewise_o the_o vast_a territory_n which_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o enjoy_v with_o a_o despotic_a power_n over_o their_o subject_n for_o some_o possess_v five_o some_o ten_o some_o fifteen_o some_o twenty_o nay_o some_o thirty_o league_n of_o land_n out_o right_a whereon_o they_o have_v always_o their_o several_a pod-starostas_a or_o gentlemen-steward_n reside_v who_o be_v to_o take_v account_n of_o their_o revenue_n to_o sell_v some_o thing_n and_o to_o send_v the_o rest_n to_o their_o master_n house_n to_o defray_v the_o exigency_n of_o the_o family_n some_o also_o be_v hereditary_a sovereign_n of_o city_n which_o the_o king_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o and_o one_o of_o the_o prince_n lubomirski_n possess_v above_o four_o thousand_o city_n town_n and_o village_n moreover_o some_o can_v raise_v a_o army_n of_o five_o six_o eight_o and_o ten_o thousand_o man_n and_o maintain_v they_o at_o their_o own_o charge_n when_o they_o have_v do_v dr._n connor_n say_v prince_n lubomirski_n have_v actual_o seven_o thousand_o horse_n foot_n and_o dragoon_n in_o pay_n when_o he_o be_v in_o poland_n magnificence_n all_o the_o gentry_n of_o note_n live_v most_o splendid_o they_o have_v all_o their_o horse_n and_o foot_n guard_n which_o keep_v sentry_n night_n and_o day_n at_o the_o gate_n of_o their_o house_n they_o call_v they_o court_v and_o in_o their_o antichamber_n these_o guard_n go_v before_o and_o after_o their_o master_n coach_n in_o the_o street_n but_o above_o all_o these_o nobleman_n make_v a_o extraordinary_a figure_n at_o the_o general_a diet_n where_o some_o have_v three_o hundred_o some_o five_o and_o some_o a_o thousand_o guard_n always_o attend_v they_o nay_o hauteville_n say_v that_o former_o some_o great_a person_n have_v be_v know_v to_o come_v to_o the_o diet_n with_o above_o ten_o thousand_o men._n they_o esteem_v themselves_o not_o only_o equal_a but_o also_o above_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n especial_o such_o among_o they_o as_o be_v senator_n it_o be_v certain_a they_o want_v nothing_o to_o be_v as_o so_o many_o sovereign_a prince_n except_o the_o liberty_n of_o coin_v money_n which_o the_o republic_n have_v reserve_v whole_o to_o itself_o the_o doctor_n say_v he_o have_v no_o where_o see_v subject_n live_v with_o such_o excessive_a grandeur_n and_o splendour_n for_o these_o great_a man_n when_o they_o go_v to_o dinner_n or_o supper_n have_v always_o their_o trumpet_n sound_v and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o gentry_n to_o wait_v on_o they_o at_o table_n some_o whereof_o carve_v some_o give_v to_o drink_v other_o reach_v plate_n and_o all_o serve_v with_o extraordinary_a respect_n and_o submission_n for_o though_o all_o the_o gentry_n in_o poland_n be_v equal_a and_o have_v all_o their_o free_a vote_n in_o the_o diet_n yet_o
any_o presumption_n i_o have_v to_o lay_v down_o any_o thing_n which_o may_v in_o the_o least_o contribute_v or_o add_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o general_n officer_n of_o your_o experience_n my_o lord_n militia_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o the_o polish_v empire_n the_o pole_n be_v rather_o force_v by_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n than_o command_v by_o indulgent_a law_n to_o defend_v their_o country_n and_o extend_v its_o limit_n but_o since_o christianity_n have_v be_v receive_v among_o they_o bolestaus_fw-la chrobry_n their_o first_o king_n ordain_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o horse_n out_o of_o every_o palatinate_n and_o district_n and_o a_o set_a company_n of_o foot_n out_o of_o every_o city_n and_o town_n to_o be_v ready_a at_o a_o short_a warning_n and_o to_o bring_v their_o provision_n and_o ammunition_n along_o with_o they_o this_o be_v what_o they_o call_v their_o pospolite_n ruszenie_v or_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n gather_v together_o under_o one_o head_n or_o general_n at_o a_o place_n and_o time_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n and_o those_o of_o the_o senate_n that_o be_v always_o to_o attend_v he_o as_o his_o privy-council_n horse_n to_o this_o general_a expedition_n first_o all_o land_a gentry_n as_o well_o public_a as_o private_a a_o few_o only_o except_v which_o i_o shall_v name_v hereafter_o be_v oblige_v to_o come_v 2._o all_o gentry_n that_o live_v in_o city_n or_o town_n upon_o usury_n or_o otherwise_o 3._o all_o citizen_n that_o enjoy_v land_n or_o tenement_n these_o beside_o all_o in_o prussia_n be_v those_o of_o cracow_n vilna_n and_o leopol_n 4._o all_o tenant_n that_o have_v hire_v land_n be_v to_o go_v themselves_o or_o to_o send_v out_o other_o 5._o the_o king_n tenant_n 6._o ecclesiastical_a scultet_n or_o advocate_n 7._o in_o case_n of_o imminent_a danger_n all_o citizen_n in_o general_n be_v order_v either_o to_o send_v or_o go_v themselves_o 8._o even_o those_o gentry_n that_o be_v clap_v up_o in_o jail_n for_o heinous_a crime_n be_v to_o be_v let_v out_o to_o assist_v at_o the_o pospolite_n yet_o when_o that_o be_v once_o over_o they_o be_v to_o return_v to_o prison_n again_o to_o expiate_v the_o whole_a extent_n of_o their_o sentence_n both_o all_o these_o be_v to_o be_v horse_n well_o accoutre_v but_o as_o a_o army_n can_v be_v complete_a without_o some_o foot_n this_o pospolite_n also_o do_v consist_v former_o of_o the_o 20_o boor_n out_o of_o every_o village_n or_o rather_o farm_n who_o be_v to_o be_v arm_v with_o a_o scymitar_n long_a gun_n and_o pole-ax_n but_o which_o be_v often_o now_o change_v to_o a_o mulct_n to_o hire_v foreigner_n yet_o there_o be_v still_o some_o polish_v foot_n though_o of_o small_a esteem_n every_o citizen_n that_o be_v now_o worth_a 8000_o florence_o be_v to_o find_v a_o horse_n and_o he_o that_o have_v only_o 4000_o be_v to_o set_v out_o a_o foot-soldier_n well_o provide_v the_o boor_n also_o be_v to_o fit_v out_o one_o among_o 28_o family_n and_o to_o furnish_v he_o with_o provision_n sufficient_a for_o half_a a_o year_n the_o pole_n term_v both_o these_o wybrancy_n that_o be_v pick_v or_o select_v man_n so_o that_o wybraniecka_n piechota_n be_v a_o pick_v soldier_n if_o any_o of_o all_o these_o refuse_v to_o appear_v upon_o the_o three_o summons_n their_o land_n or_o good_n be_v immediate_o confiscate_v to_o the_o king_n use_n serve_v those_o gentry_n that_o be_v excuse_v from_o appear_v at_o the_o pospolite_n be_v 1._o such_o as_o may_v depute_v other_o in_o their_o room_n viz._n superannuated_a or_o sick_a person_n widow_n orphan_n minor_n and_o last_o the_o clergy_n for_o their_o temporality_n when_o any_o public_a or_o private_a nobleman_n be_v sick_a he_o must_v notisie_n and_o attest_v it_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o several_a sufficient_a witness_n also_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o in_o lithuania_n a_o clergy_n man_n must_v send_v out_o both_o for_o his_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a estate_n as_o likewise_o in_o poland_n where_o there_o be_v any_o temporal_a land_n annex_v to_o his_o benefice_n 2._o those_o that_o have_v estate_n in_o several_a palatinate_n or_o district_n be_v oblige_v but_o to_o appear_v for_o one_o 3._o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o gentry_n be_v ease_v in_o some_o measure_n for_o several_a of_o they_o may_v join_v in_o the_o fit_v out_o of_o one_o horse_n which_o be_v practise_v especial_o in_o masovia_n also_o brother_n that_o be_v joint-tenant_n may_v depute_v one_o to_o appear_v for_o all_o 4._o the_o king_n court_n and_o retinue_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o muster_n under_o the_o palatine_n and_o where_o the_o king_n do_v not_o go_v into_o the_o field_n in_o person_n they_o be_v to_o be_v total_o excuse_v 5._o about_o 30_o of_o the_o gentry_n of_o the_o queen_n court_n be_v exempt_a 6._o about_o 12_o of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n court_n and_o oftentimes_o some_o officer_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o other_o bishop_n court_n especial_o where_o their_o attendance_n be_v otherwise_o require_v by_o the_o republic_n 7._o all_o minister_n to_o foreign_a court_n together_o with_o their_o domestic_n be_v absolute_o to_o be_v dispense_v with_o 8._o all_o starosta_n that_o be_v leave_v in_o garrison_n and_o their_o tribune_n and_o last_o the_o great_a constable_n or_o governor_n of_o cracow_n castle_n with_o his_o deputy_n the_o burgraves_n and_o two_o captain_n of_o foot_n be_v to_o be_v excuse_v several_a province_n and_o palatinate_v likewise_o have_v peculiar_a privilege_n relate_v to_o this_o general_a meeting_n for_o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o masovia_n and_o plockzko_n six_o brother_n although_o they_o have_v distinct_a estate_n send_v but_o one_o horseman_n in_o podlachia_n out_o of_o ten_o farm_n they_o send_v but_o one_o light-horse_n and_o out_o of_o twenty_o but_o one_o cuirassier_n the_o palatinate_v of_o kiovia_n and_o braclaw_n have_v likewise_o peculiar_a privilege_n in_o a_o general_a expedition_n the_o gentry_n of_o podolia_n be_v to_o continue_v in_o garrison_n at_o caminiec_n while_o the_o pole_n have_v that_o city_n in_o possession_n the_o prussian_n also_o need_v not_o march_v beyond_o the_o river_n vistula_n ossa_n and_o drebnicz_n and_o last_o lithuanian_n be_v not_o to_o go_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o great_a duchy_n now_o as_o to_o the_o great_a number_n assemble_v at_o this_o pospolite_n basko_n a_o polish_v writer_n say_v that_o only_o in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lenschet_fw-mi in_o the_o time_n of_o boleslaus_n chrobry_n 2000_o cuirassier_n and_o 4000_o light-horse_n be_v raise_v at_o one_o time_n starovolscius_fw-la say_v that_o uladislaus_n have_v 100000_o horse_n against_o the_o prussian_a knight_n over_z and_o above_o what_o he_o have_v leave_v to_o defend_v the_o province_n i_o may_v observe_v several_a other_o prodigious_a lustration_n out_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a author_n but_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o omit_v they_o only_o i_o may_v affirm_v with_o boterus_n in_o his_o description_n of_o poland_n that_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n the_o pole_n can_v raise_v upward_o of_o 100000_o horse_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n 70000_o but_o starovolscius_fw-la be_v of_o opinion_n they_o can_v both_o raise_v above_o 200000_o horse_n without_o expense_n also_o fredro_n think_v that_o the_o pole_n can_v raise_v above_o 200000_o horse_n the_o number_n of_o polish_v foot_n be_v uncertain_a they_o be_v at_o liberty_n to_o appear_v or_o to_o be_v excuse_v for_o money_n starovolscius_fw-la say_v that_o in_o his_o time_n they_o do_v not_o amount_v to_o many_o hundred_o be_v discourage_v by_o the_o rigour_n of_o their_o starosta_n and_o whole_o confine_v to_o their_o rustic_a drudgery_n though_o continue_v he_o they_o be_v more_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o hardship_n of_o war_n then_o either_o the_o german_n or_o hungarian_n who_o can_v scarce_o live_v in_o the_o polish_v air._n he_o also_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o polish_v infantry_n if_o encourage_v may_v amount_v to_o a_o considerable_a number_n and_o be_v not_o a_o little_a serviceable_a the_o foreign_a hire_a foot_n have_v sometime_o exceed_v 30000_o when_o the_o cosack_v serve_v the_o pole_n but_o they_o fight_v also_o on_o horseback_n and_o king_n stephen_n in_o his_o expedition_n against_o the_o suede_n in_o livonia_n have_v above_o 16000_o german_a and_o hungarian_a foot_n in_o his_o pay_n muster_v now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o present_v your_o grace_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o raise_v and_o muster_v this_o vast_a body_n of_o men._n when_o a_o pospolite_n be_v once_o agree_v by_o the_o general_n diet_n to_o be_v summon_v the_o king_n after_o the_o ancient_a manner_n send_v out_o his_o writ_n or_o letter_n into_o all_o the_o palatinate_v or_o district_v of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o inferior_a officer_n they_o be_v fasten_v by_o a_o small_a cord_n to_o a_o long_a pole_n whence_o they_o be_v call_v
literae_fw-la restium_fw-la by_o some_o and_o by_o other_o wici_n signify_v in_o polish_v a_o staff_n and_o carry_v alo_v to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a nobleman_n of_o the_o district_n thrice_o in_o a_o month_n and_o proclaim_v as_o often_o in_o all_o city_n and_o to_n all_o court_n of_o justice_n cease_v at_o the_o three_o read_v of_o these_o letter_n unless_o it_o be_v those_o of_o the_o vice_n starosta_n who_o exercise_n their_o jurisdiction_n as_o before_o after_o the_o last_o read_v of_o these_o letter_n a_o place_n be_v appoint_v by_o several_a private_a assembly_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o every_o district_n for_o particular_a muster_n and_o afterward_o for_o the_o general_n muster_v of_o every_o palatinate_n here_o the_o palatine_n and_o castellan_n take_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o man_n horse_n arm_n etc._n etc._n neither_o of_o which_o can_v be_v change_v after_o that_o muster_n at_o the_o same_o time_n also_o the_o palatin_n divide_v the_o district_n among_o the_o several_a castellan_n and_o order_n they_o their_o several_a post_n in_o those_o palatinate_v where_o there_o be_v but_o one_o castellan_n there_o part_n of_o his_o duty_n be_v perform_v by_o a_o vice-chamberlain_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o lithuania_n by_o a_o marshal_n of_o every_o district_n this_o particular_a muster_n be_v over_o the_o castellan_n of_o every_o district_n lead_v the_o gentry_n under_o his_o command_n to_o the_o place_n of_o general_a muster_n for_o the_o palatinate_n where_o the_o palatin_a muster_n they_o again_o and_o take_v a_o account_n of_o the_o defaulter_n before_o the_o castellan_n come_v to_o the_o palatine_n justice_n be_v absolute_o in_o their_o hand_n but_o afterward_o they_o must_v resign_v it_o to_o the_o palatin_n though_o capital_a crime_n be_v always_o reserve_v for_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o general_n or_o rather_o of_o the_o king_n who_o of_o late_a day_n have_v have_v a_o council_n of_o war_n assign_v he_o for_o that_o purpose_n i_o may_v here_o observe_v that_o the_o gentry_n be_v always_o muster_v and_o register_v annual_o by_o their_o respective_a officer_n starovolscius_fw-la reasonable_o cavalry_n require_v two_o necessary_a quality_n in_o the_o polish_v horse_n which_o they_o seldom_o or_o never_o have_v and_o those_o be_v expedition_n and_o obedience_n as_o to_o the_o former_a he_o say_v they_o be_v always_o unwilling_a to_o leave_v their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o therefore_o never_o care_v for_o appear_v before_o they_o be_v force_v by_o the_o three_o summons_n and_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a when_o they_o be_v get_v together_o he_o say_v think_v themselves_o powerful_a they_o be_v always_o plot_v and_o ready_a to_o rebel_n against_o their_o superior_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v that_o although_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o plenty_n yet_o in_o every_o expedition_n almost_o the_o soldier_n be_v ready_a to_o starve_v which_o be_v occasion_v by_o a_o shameful_a neglect_n of_o the_o chief_a officer_n to_o furnish_v the_o army_n with_o requisite_a provision_n whence_o it_o often_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o though_o matter_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o near_a issue_n yet_o they_o be_v general_o forsake_v before_o they_o be_v accomplish_v the_o soldier_n head_n run_v after_o nothing_o but_o forage_v and_o plunder_n which_o they_o take_v wherever_o it_o come_v in_o their_o way_n whereby_o the_o country_n be_v general_o injure_v instead_o of_o be_v right_v and_o defend_v there_o be_v other_o cause_n of_o this_o confusion_n and_o disorder_n in_o the_o army_n which_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o hereafter_o rendezvous_n when_o the_o gentry_n have_v be_v thus_o muster_v by_o the_o palatine_n they_o be_v next_o to_o be_v lead_v by_o their_o officer_n to_o the_o place_n of_o general_a rendezvous_n where_o every_o palatin_n deliver_v up_o his_o charge_n to_o the_o supremacy_n of_o the_o great_a general_n in_o their_o march_n they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v quarter_v upon_o any_o of_o the_o king_n be_v or_o gentry_n estate_n but_o be_v to_o encamp_v in_o the_o open_a field_n that_o they_o may_v make_v no_o disturbance_n in_o the_o city_n at_o this_o day_n the_o general_n power_n be_v very_o much_o limit_v in_o respect_n of_o what_o it_o be_v former_o for_o then_o a_o general_n be_v altogether_o absolute_a and_o his_o will_n alone_o go_v for_o a_o law_n but_o now_o he_o can_v do_v little_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o such_o as_o the_o republic_n have_v assign_v he_o beside_o the_o great_a general_n and_o field-marshal_n the_o king_n by_o the_o law_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v in_o the_o army_n in_o person_n this_o appear_v by_o the_o example_n of_o king_n alexander_n who_o by_o reason_n the_o gentry_n demand_v his_o presence_n among_o they_o though_o sick_a be_v force_v to_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o litter_n into_o the_o camp_n this_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v plot_v by_o the_o contrivance_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o glinski_n who_o hope_v thereby_o that_o the_o king_n will_v catch_v his_o death_n horse_n before_o i_o proceed_v any_o far_a i_o ought_v to_o give_v your_o grace_n a_o division_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n and_o therein_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v compose_v of_o different_a kind_n of_o soldier_n as_o first_o of_o the_o pospolite_n or_o militia_n 2._o of_o hire_a soldier_n 3._o of_o auxiliary_n 4._o of_o quartarian_a hireling_n and_o 5_o of_o volunteer_n and_o again_o it_o consist_v both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o those_o native_n and_o foreigner_n the_o native_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n horse_n or_o cavalry_n and_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o four_o sort_n which_o may_v also_o be_v consider_v in_o two_o manner_n as_o first_o heavy-armed_a and_o second_o light-horse_n the_o former_a be_v 1._o the_o hussartz_n which_o with_o their_o horse_n be_v both_o in_o close_a armour_n and_o 2_o the_o tovarzysz_n which_o have_v only_o a_o breastplate_n helmet_n and_o gorget_n these_o be_v both_o choice_a man_n and_o the_o latter_a be_v so_o name_v from_o a_o word_n in_o polish_v which_o signify_v companion_n arm_v the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v arm_v with_o short_a lance_n sabres_fw-es and_o pistol_n and_o the_o second_o with_o carabine_n bow_n and_o arrow_n etc._n etc._n these_o short_a lance_n be_v call_v by_o the_o pole_n kopye_n whence_o also_o the_o body_n of_o man_n that_o use_v they_o be_v term_v kopiynick_n these_o kopiie_n be_v about_o 6_o foot_n long_o and_o tie_v to_o the_o horsmen_n wrist_n with_o string_n of_o silk_n when_o they_o come_v near_o their_o enemy_n they_o dart_v their_o lance_n with_o all_o their_o force_n against_o they_o and_o if_o they_o miss_v their_o body_n they_o sudden_o snatch_v back_o the_o lance_n by_o help_n of_o the_o silken_a string_n but_o where_o they_o have_v mortal_o wound_v any_o than_o they_o slip_v the_o silk_n and_o leave_v the_o lance_n in_o their_o body_n till_o such_o time_n as_o they_o can_v ride_v up_o to_o they_o to_o cut_v of_o their_o head_n with_o a_o broad_a well_o temper_v sabre_n which_o always_o hang_v by_o their_o saddle_n both_o the_o hussartz_n and_o tovarzysz_n with_o their_o horse_n look_v frightful_o be_v stick_v all_o over_o with_o wing_n of_o stork_n crane_n turkey-cock_n etc._n etc._n and_o clothe_v over_o their_o armour_n with_o skin_n of_o leopard_n tiger_n bear_n lion_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o they_o do_v to_o make_v themselves_o the_o more_o terrible_a to_o their_o enemy_n these_o cavalry_n for_o the_o most_o part_n set_v themselves_o also_o off_o wilh_v various_a partycoloured_a mantle_n which_o oftentimes_o shine_v with_o jewel_n gold_n and_o silver_n of_o the_o hussartz_n there_o be_v but_o 5_o company_n in_o poland_n every_o company_n consist_v of_o about_o 300_o man_n all_o arm_a cap-a-pe_n they_o have_v but_o one_o lieutenant_n in_o each_o company_n which_o they_o call_v poruczknik_n and_o one_o korazy_a or_o trumpeter_n with_o a_o particular_a sort_n of_o trumpet_n which_o they_o call_v 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kingdom_n have_v a_o right_n to_o any_o of_o these_o mine_n as_o likewise_o to_o those_o of_o any_o metal_n find_v upon_o their_o land_n there_o be_v by_o the_o constitution_n no_o royal_a mine_n in_o poland_n except_o those_o of_o white_a salt_n only_o which_o belong_v peculiar_o to_o the_o king_n papermill_n throughout_o all_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o corn_n and_o cachat-mill_n but_o scarce_o any_o for_o full_v or_o paper_n yet_o which_o they_o may_v very_o well_o have_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a number_n of_o rapid_a stream_n in_o this_o and_o in_o other_o respect_n the_o pole_n be_v very_o negligent_a of_o their_o own_o interest_n be_v content_a to_o pay_v great_a rate_n for_o cloth_n and_o paper_n when_o they_o may_v easy_o have_v both_o of_o their_o own_o manufacture_n fish_n as_o for_o leather_n though_o no_o people_n use_v it_o more_o have_v almost_o all_o boot_n and_o chariot_n which_o they_o call_v ridevans_n yet_o do_v they_o not_o 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the_o emperor_n henry_n vi_o by_o the_o rull_n of_o pope_n celestine_n iii_o under_o the_o title_n of_o teutonic_n or_o dutch_a knight_n of_o the_o hospital_n of_o st._n marry_o the_o virgin_n vow_v poverty_n obedience_n and_o chastity_n and_o oblige_v themselves_o to_o receive_v none_o but_o german_n into_o their_o order_n prussia_n after_o they_o have_v thus_o receive_v confirmation_n from_o the_o papal_a see_v some_o rich_a citizen_n of_o breme_n and_o lubeck_n join_v with_o they_o and_o make_v large_a contribution_n another_o hospital_n be_v erect_v for_o they_o in_o the_o city_n of_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n in_o syria_n but_o after_o that_o city_n together_o with_o jerusalem_n and_o all_o the_o holy-land_n have_v be_v take_v by_o the_o saracen_n under_o the_o command_n of_o saladin_n have_v be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o christian_n for_o more_o than_o 87_o year_n before_o one_o hermannus_n then_o great_a master_n with_o the_o remain_a knight_n remove_v into_o germany_n 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cronberg_n and_o forthwith_o leave_v prussia_n seat_v themselves_o in_o germany_n where_o they_o continue_v at_o this_o day_n though_o in_o no_o great_a reputation_n except_o that_o the_o young_a son_n of_o the_o german_a prince_n be_v common_o admit_v of_o their_o order_n manner_n their_o statute_n be_v compose_v after_o the_o model_n of_o those_o of_o the_o knight_n hospitaller_n and_o knight_n templar_n at_o this_o day_n the_o knight_n of_o malta_n but_o nevertheless_o to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o these_o order_n their_o habit_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v a_o white_a mantle_n with_o a_o plain_a black_a cross_a on_o the_o breast_n though_o other_o will_v have_v it_o to_o have_v be_v a_o black_a cross_n void_v with_o a_o cross_n potence_n this_o cross_n they_o be_v also_o to_o have_v upon_o white_a banner_n as_o likewise_o upon_o their_o shield_n and_o in_o their_o coat_n of_o arm_n they_o be_v moreover_o enjoin_v to_o live_v conformable_a to_o the_o order_n and_o rule_n of_o st._n austin_n their_o first_o number_n be_v 24_o lay-brother_n and_o 7_o priest_n yet_o heysse_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o empire_n tom_n i._o say_v they_o be_v at_o first_o 40._o they_o both_o be_v allow_v to_o wear_v armour_n and_o sword_n and_o may_v celebrate_v mass_n in_o that_o habit._n none_o of_o they_o shave_v their_o beard_n but_o by_o their_o order_n be_v oblige_v to_o let_v they_o grow_v and_o to_o sleep_v upon_o sack_n of_o straw_n but_o however_o this_o with_o their_o other_o primitive_a injunction_n soon_o vanish_v prince_n this_o order_n be_v establish_v after_o the_o manner_n as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o all_o christian_a prince_n endeavour_v to_o give_v they_o encouragement_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o pope_n and_o emperor_n give_v they_o particular_a proof_n of_o their_o favour_n and_o liberality_n philip_n king_n of_o france_n also_o be_v willing_a to_o do_v the_o like_a on_o his_o part_n make_v they_o great_a present_n and_o moreover_o grant_v their_o great_a master_n a_o liberty_n to_o wear_v the_o flower_n delucc_n on_o the_o 4_o extremity_n of_o their_o cross_n prussia_n their_o power_n and_o force_n in_o war_n will_v appear_v in_o the_o follow_a succinct_a account_n and_o series_n of_o their_o several_a great_a master_n 1190._o their_o first_o great_a master_n as_o i_o observe_v before_o be_v henry_n walpot_n a_o native_a of_o germany_n elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1190_o who_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n 1200._o the_o second_o great_a master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v otho_n the_o kerpen_n a_o nobleman_n of_o germany_n who_o after_o have_v enjoy_v this_o office_n but_o 6_o year_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o acon_n 1206._o the_o three_o great_a master_n be_v herman_n barth_n of_o alsace_n who_o be_v elect_v under_o pope_n innocent_n iii_o and_o the_o emperor_n philip_n ii_o he_o preside_v over_o these_o knight_n only_o 4_o year_n than_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o acon_n under_o these_o two_o great_a master_n this_o order_n first_o begin_v to_o increase_v and_o flourish_v 1210._o the_o four_o great_a master_n be_v herman_n a_o salzen_n a_o nobleman_n of_o misnia_n under_o the_o several_a pontificate_n of_o pope_n innocent_a iii_o honorius_n and_o gregory_n ix_o and_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o emperor_n be_v otho_n and_o frederic_n ii_o this_o master_n obtain_v great_a privilege_n for_o his_o order_n both_o from_o the_o aforesaid_a pope_n and_o emperor_n and_o john_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n for_o their_o have_v protect_v he_o against_o conrade_n king_n of_o syria_n add_v to_o the_o arm_n of_o this_o order_n a_o cross_n potence_n or_o which_o be_v the_o proper_a ensign_n of_o that_o kingdom_n in_o his_o time_n conrade_n marquess_z of_o thuringen_n be_v admit_v of_o the_o order_n he_o have_v above_o 2000_o german_a nobleman_n and_o knight_n in_o his_o order_n at_o once_o all_o which_o he_o govern_v for_o about_o 30_o year_n during_o his_o administration_n his_o order_n have_v be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o holy-land_n by_o the_o saracen_n settle_v in_o prussia_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 20000_o and_o by_o help_n of_o the_o pole_n soon_o expel_v the_o pagan_a prussian_n out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o culmigeria_n he_o lie_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n which_o he_o build_v 1240._o the_o five_o great_a master_n be_v conrade_n marquis_n of_o thuringen_n who_o be_v elect_v under_o the_o pontificat_fw-la of_o celestine_n iu._n and_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n ii_o he_o very_o much_o augment_v the_o conquest_n of_o his_o order_n and_o restore_v many_o ruinous_a fabric_n he_o build_v koningsberg_n in_o ducal_z prussia_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n 1252._o the_o six_o great_a master_n be_v poppo_n ab_fw-la osternaw_n in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n innocent_n iu._n and_o of_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n iu._n he_o have_v several_a glorious_a conquest_n over_o the_o prussian_n livonian_o and_o swentopelus_n duke_n of_o pomerania_n but_o at_o length_n before_o the_o city_n of_o lignitz_n be_v kill_v and_o rout_v by_o the_o tartar_n who_o have_v almost_o overrun_v all_o sarmatia_n poland_n and_o be_v afterward_o bury_v at_o uladislaw_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a swentopelus_n have_v be_v so_o extreme_o beat_v by_o these_o knight_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o clap_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o they_o and_o afterward_o on_o his_o deathbed_n earnest_o recommend_v to_o his_o child_n to_o preserve_v the_o friendship_n he_o have_v contract_v but_o however_o mestowin_n his_o elder_a son_n forget_v his_o father_n order_n declare_a war_n anew_o against_o they_o but_o be_v likewise_o beat_v the_o knight_n overrun_v all_o pomerania_n and_o at_o length_n force_v this_o duke_n to_o a_o peace_n and_o moreover_o 3_o of_o his_o brother_n whereof_o the_o elder_a be_v name_v sambor_n become_v knight_n of_o this_o order_n 1263._o the_o seven_o great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n be_v johannes_n sangerhusensis_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o that_o office_n under_o the_o pontificat_fw-la of_o alexander_n iu._n he_o very_o much_o allay_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o pagan_a prussian_n and_o in_o great_a measure_n regain_v the_o credit_n of_o his_o order_n forfeit_v to_o the_o tartar_n he_o rule_v 12_o year_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o treves_n in_o his_o time_n the_o city_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v build_v 1275._o the_o eight_o great_a master_n be_v hartman_n count_n of_o heidelberg_n who_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n clement_n iu._n and_o of_o the_o emperor_n rodolfe_n i._o he_o be_v a_o very_a industrious_a person_n and_o get_v great_a ground_n of_o the_o prussian_n in_o his_o time_n the_o castle_n of_o marienburg_n be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 1281._o he_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o venice_n 1283._o the_o nine_o great_a master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v buchardus_fw-la à _fw-la swenden_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n john_n and_o the_o emperor_n rodolfe_n i._o
the_o title_n and_o duchy_n of_o prussia_n think_v himself_o oblige_v in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o order_n to_o enter_v protestation_n against_o it_o he_o resign_v his_o office_n to_o the_o chapter_n after_o 8_o year_n administration_n 1587._o the_o thirty_o nine_o great_a master_n of_o this_o order_n and_o administrator_n of_o prussia_n be_v maximilian_n archduke_n of_o austria_n who_o have_v earnest_o solicit_v the_o elector_n for_o that_o charge_n and_o offer_v to_o wear_v the_o habit_n of_o the_o order_n afterward_o be_v invite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n this_o order_n be_v in_o great_a hope_n of_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o dominion_n of_o prussia_n but_o upon_o his_o be_v defeat_v by_o sigismond_n iii_o they_o soon_o lose_v all_o those_o hope_n he_o nevertheless_o continue_v their_o great_a master_n and_o be_v a_o brave_a prince_n be_v name_v for_o their_o general_n against_o the_o turk_n in_o hungary_n when_o he_o have_v a_o company_n of_o guard_n all_o knight_n of_o the_o order_n he_o hold_v his_o administration_n 34_o year_n and_o end_v his_o day_n at_o inspruck_a where_o he_o be_v likewise_o bury_v 1619._o the_o fourti_v great_a master_n be_v charles_n archduke_n of_o austria_n who_o after_o 5_o year_n regency_n die_v at_o madrid_n whither_o he_o have_v be_v invite_v by_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n to_o go_v his_o viceroy_n into_o portugal_n 1624._o the_o forty_o first_o great_a master_n be_v john_n eustache_n de_fw-fr westernach_n who_o be_v elect_v at_o mergentheim_n the_o 19_o of_o march_n in_o the_o year_n 1625_o and_o die_v 82_o year_n old_a in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1627._o 1627._o the_o forty_o second_v great_a master_n be_v gaspard_n the_o stadion_a provincial_a commander_n of_o alsace_n and_o burgundy_n and_o particular_a commander_n of_o altschausen_n he_o after_o have_v govern_v this_o order_n with_o great_a reputation_n for_o fourteen_o year_n desire_v the_o chapter_n to_o elect_a leopold_n william_n arch_a duke_n of_o austria_n for_o his_o coadjutor_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o his_o office_n and_o which_o be_v do_v he_o give_v he_o the_o cross_n of_o prussia_n as_o a_o testimony_n of_o his_o consent_n 1644._o the_o forty_o third_n great_a master_n be_v this_o leopold_n william_n who_o succeed_v stadion_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o former_a election_n he_o govern_v this_o order_n alone_o to_o the_o year_n 1662._o when_o he_o die_v at_o vienna_n the_o 20_o of_o november_n and_o be_v bury_v there_o the_o same_o year_n the_o chapter_n be_v convene_v and_o will_v have_v choose_v charles_n joseph_n archduke_n of_o austria_n to_o have_v succeed_v leopold_n william_n his_o brother_n but_o he_o die_v the_o same_o year_n and_o thereby_o their_o design_n be_v frustrate_v 1664._o afterward_o the_o chapter_n be_v assemble_v at_o mergentheim_n in_o the_o year_n 1664_o choose_v for_o their_o forty_o four_o great_a master_n one_o of_o their_o own_o knight_n call_v john_n gaspard_n of_o ambringens_n provincial_a commander_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o austria_n and_o this_o they_o do_v to_o prevent_v the_o intrigue_n which_o several_a prince_n always_o make_v to_o get_v elect_v to_o this_o dignity_n order_n this_o great_a master_n convening_n the_o chapter_n at_o mariendal_n receive_v duke_n lewis_n anthony_n of_o neubourg_n abbot_n of_o fescamp_n and_o three_o son_n to_o philip_n william_n duke_n of_o neubourg_n into_o this_o order_n ceremony_n of_o creation_n and_o present_a state_n of_o knight_n creation_n the_o ceremony_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o great_a church_n whither_o he_o have_v be_v conduct_v by_o the_o great_a master_n the_o commendador_n and_o knight_n the_o count_n of_o ottingen_n hatzensten_n and_o fugger_n who_o have_v be_v name_v commissioner_n to_o inspect_v his_o title_n of_o honour_n report_v upon_o oath_n that_o they_o have_v examine_v and_o find_v his_o honour_n to_o be_v unquestionable_a after_o which_o he_o be_v swear_v to_o chastity_n poverty_n and_o to_o go_v to_o the_o war_n against_o the_o infidel_n whenever_o occasion_n shall_v so_o require_v when_o they_o give_v he_o the_o white_a mantle_n with_o the_o black_a cross_n be_v the_o ensign_n of_o this_o order_n and_o withal_o pronounce_v these_o word_n according_a to_o custom_n we_o promise_v to_o give_v you_o as_o long_o as_o you_o live_v water_n bread_n and_o a_o habit_n of_o our_o order_n coadjutor_n next_o day_n the_o great_a master_n propose_v to_o the_o chapter_n to_o elect_a this_o prince_n for_o his_o assistant_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o order_n which_o the_o elector_n desire_v time_n to_o consider_v of_o and_o after_o several_a meeting_n have_v about_o it_o they_o answer_v they_o be_v content_a to_o elect_v he_o provide_v he_o will_v sign_v a_o capitulation_n offer_v he_o which_o he_o agree_v to_o do_v he_o be_v according_o elect_v germany_n the_o teutonic_n order_n at_o present_a consist_v of_o 12_o province_n which_o be_v alsace_n and_o burgundy_n for_o one_o coblentz_n austria_n and_o etsch_n these_o four_o still_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o province_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o prussia_n as_o the_o eight_o follow_v do_v that_o of_o germany_n be_v the_o province_n of_o franconia_n hesse_n bressen_n westphalia_n lorraine_n thuringen_n saxony_n and_o utrecht_n although_o this_o last_o be_v now_o altogether_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o hollander_n every_o one_o of_o these_o province_n have_v its_o peculiar_a commandery_n of_o the_o commendador_n of_o which_o the_o provincial_n be_v chief_a of_o these_o provincial_a commendador_n there_o be_v 12_o count_v one_o for_o every_o province_n it_o be_v these_o commendador_n who_o compose_v the_o chapter_n of_o the_o elector_n the_o great_a master_n ordinary_a residence_n have_v be_v at_o mariendal_n in_o franconia_n ever_o since_o this_o order_n have_v be_v drive_v out_o of_o prussia_n this_o my_o lord_n be_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o origin_n progress_n successive_a great_a master_n and_o present_a state_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n which_o i_o hope_v your_o lordship_n will_v favourable_o accept_v be_v all_o that_o the_o propose_a brevity_n of_o this_o undertake_n will_v admit_v of_o i_o be_o my_o lord_n your_o lordship_n be_v most_o obedient_a humble_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n ix_o to_o sir_n thomas_n millington_n precedent_n of_o the_o college_n of_o physician_n of_o the_o state_n of_o learning_n and_o present_a language_n of_o natural_a knowledge_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o practice_n of_o physic_n in_o poland_n with_o a_o account_n of_o some_o natural_a thing_n and_o chief_o of_o a_o disease_n in_o the_o hair_n peculiar_a to_o the_o pole_n common_o call_v plica_fw-la polonica_fw-la sir_n this_o letter_n court_v your_o acceptance_n on_o a_o double_a score_n your_o learning_n and_o your_o profession_n as_o to_o your_o learning_n though_o it_o will_v doubtless_o be_v on_o all_o hand_n allow_v that_o it_o have_v no_o need_n of_o superstructure_n yet_o nevertheless_o sometime_o it_o may_v require_v those_o diversion_n which_o be_v here_o design_v and_o possible_o in_o part_n unknown_a to_o you_o and_o as_o to_o your_o profession_n be_v high_o sensible_a of_o my_o imperfect_a account_n of_o the_o state_n of_o physic_n especial_o in_o poland_n i_o think_v no_o protection_n so_o safe_a to_o pass_v it_o under_o as_o you_o my_o presumption_n i_o hope_v will_v be_v justify_v upon_o dr._n connor_n first_o intend_v these_o subject_n for_o your_o perusal_n and_o as_o to_o my_o performance_n i_o entire_o submit_v that_o to_o your_o candour_n and_o generosity_n sir_n university_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n there_o be_v two_o famous_a university_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o professor_n the_o former_a of_o these_o be_v found_v at_o cracow_n by_o casimir_n the_o great_a and_o be_v finish_v by_o jagello_n or_o uladislaus_n v._o in_o the_o year_n 1401_o conformable_a to_o the_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n of_o his_o queen_n hedwigis_fw-la and_o the_o latter_a at_o vilna_n be_v at_o first_o but_o a_o academy_n found_v by_o king_n stephen_n but_o afterward_o be_v erect_v into_o a_o university_n by_o pope_n gregory_n xiii_o at_o the_o request_n of_o valerian_n bishop_n of_o that_o city_n who_o have_v very_o much_o augment_v the_o college_n and_o endowment_n there_o in_o both_o these_o university_n the_o chief_a study_n be_v to_o speak_v good_a latin_a for_o as_o to_o all_o part_n of_o polite_a learning_n the_o pole_n be_v not_o so_o curious_a as_o in_o other_o country_n yet_o have_v they_o a_o great_a many_o that_o will_v write_v good_a verse_n for_o their_o genius_n be_v mighty_o bend_v that_o way_n and_o beside_o they_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o quote_v classic_a author_n in_o their_o discourse_n and_o this_o particular_o when_o they_o get_v drink_v which_o be_v very_o frequent_o their_o poet_n sarbievius_n casimir_n be_v no_o small_a ornament_n to_o his_o country_n who_o in_o his_o ode_n have_v endeavour_v to_o imitate_v horace_n and_o
about_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a councillor_n next_o the_o four_o supreme_a counsellor_n or_o minister_n of_o state_n meet_v twice_o every_o year_n that_o be_v on_o the_o epipbany_n and_o trinity_n monday_n at_o mittaw_n and_o sit_v at_o least_o five_o week_n to_o exercise_n and_o do_v justice_n the_o first_o week_n be_v usual_o spend_v in_o state-counsel_n where_o the_o prince_n presence_n and_o authority_n be_v likewise_o require_v the_o second_o be_v take_v up_o in_o judge_v appeal_n from_o inferior_a court_n the_o three_o in_o determine_v criminal_n case_n the_o four_o in_o settle_v ecclesiastical_a affair_n and_o the_o five_o in_o hear_v complaint_n of_o and_o receive_v petition_n from_o the_o subject_n justice_n the_o degree_n of_o demand_v justice_n in_o city_n in_o all_o extraordinary_a matter_n be_v these_o first_o the_o gentry_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o supreme_a starosta_n for_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o inferior_a starostas_n have_v little_a jurisdiction_n but_o in_o small_a matter_n second_o in_o case_n of_o appeal_n they_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o supreme_a councillor_n court_n in_o criminal_a case_n where_o the_o life_n of_o any_o nobleman_n be_v concern_v immediate_a application_n be_v make_v to_o this_o court_n and_o the_o four_o supreme_a starostas_n be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v there_o if_o any_o of_o these_o starostas_n happen_v to_o be_v absent_a one_o that_o be_v inferior_a may_v be_v depute_v in_o his_o room_n three_o appeal_n may_v be_v make_v both_o in_o criminal_a and_o civil_a case_n to_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n which_o the_o curlander_n term_v judicia_fw-la postcurialia_a court_n ecclesiastical_a court_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o four_o supreme_a councillor_n before_o mention_v in_o conjunction_n with_o a_o sur-intendant_a and_o four_o provost_n court_n the_o inferior_a city_n court_v belong_v to_o the_o city_n magistracy_n or_o to_o the_o neighbour_a starostas_n within_o who_o jurisdiction_n the_o offender_n live_v appeal_v in_o these_o trivial_a court_n can_v be_v make_v no_o far_o than_o to_o the_o supreme_a starostas_n who_o sentence_n be_v final_a officer_n the_o executor_n of_o justice_n in_o curland_n be_v term_v die_v man-richters_a who_o in_o civil_a case_n after_o a_o three_o summons_n to_o satisfy_v the_o plaintiff_n and_o upon_o non-performance_n or_o non-plea_n levy_v the_o debt_n or_o demand_v by_o way_n of_o distress_n curland_n the_o trade_n of_o curland_n consist_v in_o much_o the_o same_o commodity_n as_o in_o poland_n wherefore_o the_o corn_n of_o curland_n and_o livonia_n be_v fight_v after_o by_o the_o dutch_a more_o than_o that_o of_o poland_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v better_a prepare_v and_o cure_v here_o than_o in_o other_o country_n for_o they_o be_v accustom_a to_o dry_v their_o corn_n in_o the_o straw_n as_o we_o do_v malt_n and_o afterward_o to_o thrash_v both_o together_o but_o this_o consume_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o wood_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v forbid_v it_o to_o be_v practise_v any_o where_o within_o his_o dominion_n poland_n i_o have_v almost_o forget_v to_o acquaint_v you_o sir_n that_o this_o duchy_n of_o curland_n in_o case_n the_o duke_n thereof_o want_v heirs-males_a be_v to_o revert_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o ducal-prussia_n be_v to_o do_v from_o the_o elector_n of_o branden_n burg_n thus_o sir_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v what_o use_n i_o can_v of_o my_o short_a time_n and_o imperfect_a help_n to_o entertain_v you_o but_o which_o i_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o reason_n to_o despair_v of_o accomplish_v unless_o i_o can_v have_v produce_v something_o more_o accurate_a in_o its_o kind_n nevertheless_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v dispense_v with_o my_o inability_n and_o accept_v the_o good_a will_n of_o sir_n your_o very_a humble_a and_o obedient_a servant_n j._n s._n finis_fw-la the_o table_n vol._n i._n a_o alexander_n king_n when_o crown_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v page_n 67._o his_o war_n and_o death_n 68_o his_o character_n ibid._n alexander_n prince_n his_o character_n 189._o affect_a by_o the_o queen_n ibid._n b_o boleslaus_n i._n his_o war_n 26._o institutes_n xii_o senator_n his_o assistant_n ibid._n his_o character_n and_o death_n ibid._n ii_o how_o long_o reign_v 29._o his_o war_n marriage_n and_o vice_n ibid._n flight_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o death_n 30._o iii_o his_o surname_n and_o war_n 31._o etc._n etc._n his_o marriage_n 32._o valour_n and_o success_n 33._o death_n issue_n and_o character_n ibid._n iv._o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 35._o his_o war_n ibid._n his_o death_n 36._o v._o his_o surname_n and_o guardian_n 43._o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v ibid._n his_o marriage_n ibid._n his_o trouble_n 44._o retire_v into_o hungary_n ibid._n return_v 45._o farther_o trouble_n and_o war_n ibid._n his_o death_n ibid._n batori_fw-la vide_fw-la stephen_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n lord_n over_o 13_o city_n 223._o his_o chapter_n ibid._n bresty_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 234._o braclaw_n pal._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n 277._o description_n ibid._n braclaw_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 277._o belsko_fw-mi pal._n description_n 280._o division_n into_o district_n ibid._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n 281._o their_o description_n ibid._n belsko_fw-mi city_n it_o be_v description_n 281._o byelsko_fw-mi cap._n of_o podlachia_n it_o be_v description_n 297._o broscia_n pal._n one_o district_n 330._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n description_n 331._o its_o arm_n 332._o brescia_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 331._o bear_n nourish_v child_n 342._o story_n of_o one_o ibid._n assertion_n confirm_v by_o the_o king_n 343._o another_o account_n from_o the_o dutch_a ambassador_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n a_o three_o account_n from_o hartknock_n 348._o c._n city_n the_o first_o 6._o the_o second_o ibid._n cracus_n his_o death_n 13._o his_o issue_n ibid._n cracow_n when_o and_o by_o who_o build_v 12._o university_n by_o who_o found_v 59_o take_a by_o stratagem_n 132._o where_o situate_a and_o how_o distant_a from_o other_o place_n 238._o whence_o its_o name_n ibid._n its_o division_n castle_n and_o cathedral_n 238_o etc._n etc._n when_o first_o make_v a_o metropolitan_a see_v 240._o how_o many_o church_n ibid._n its_o university_n and_o professor_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n its_o college_n 241._o vicechancellor_n ibid._n monastery_n and_o mendicant_n 242._o its_o house_n ib._n mayor_n of_o cracow_n 248._o government_n of_o the_o castle_n 249._o chrobry_n vi_fw-la boleslaus_n i._n casimir_n i._n queen_n regent_z during_o minority_n ibid._n he_o become_v monk_n ibid._n recall_v upon_o agreement_n with_o the_o pope_n ibid._n his_o marriage_n war_n death_n and_o issue_n 28._o ii_o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 37._o surname_v the_o just_a and_o a_o example_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n ease_v his_o subject_n of_o tax_n 38._o conspiracy_n against_o he_o ibid._n disappoint_v 39_o his_o war_n ibid._n death_n and_o issue_n ibid._n iii_o surname_v the_o great_a 50._o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v ibid._n make_v peace_n with_o teutonic_n knight_n ibid._n his_o conquest_n ibid._n good_a deed_n ibid._n character_n other_o war_n and_o death_n 55._o iu._n when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 63._o his_o marriage_n ibid._n assist_v the_o prussian_n 64._o rout_n teutonic_n order_n ibid._n obtain_v advantageous_a peace_n ibid._n his_o issue_n 65._o his_o death_n and_o age._n curland_n and_o semigallia_n first_o duke_n 77._o enjoy_v by_o his_o posterity_n ever_o since_o ibid._n common_a wealth_n jocular_a of_o babina_n 79._o candidate_n for_o the_o crown_n after_o the_o death_n of_o sigismundus_n augustus_n 85._o after_o the_o abdication_n of_o henry_n of_o valois_n 87._o after_o the_o death_n of_o stephen_n batori_n 104._o two_o of_o these_o come_v into_o poland_n 108._o after_o uladislaus_n vii_o 125._o after_o john_n casimir_n 140._o after_o michael_n wiesnowiski_n 155._o after_o john_n sobieski_n 235._o court_n of_o justice_n none_o 90._o batori_fw-mi erect_v two_o call_v tribunal_n ibid._n be_v to_o determine_v civil_a cause_n without_o appeal_n ibid._n cosacks_n how_o so_o term_v 94._o use_v to_o make_v inroad_n ibid._n to_o who_o compare_v ibid._n reduce_v to_o a_o discipline_n ibid._n whence_o their_o name_n ibid._n extent_n of_o their_o first_o dominion_n 95._o a_o conjecture_n about_o this_o country_n ibid._n it_o be_v present_a extent_n 96._o their_o building_n ibid._n character_n ibid._n religion_n 97._o fast_n ibid._n language_n 98._o custom_n and_o manner_n ibid._n abundance_n of_o fly_n and_o locust_n ibid._n their_o custom_n and_o manner_n in_o peace_n and_o war_n 99_o their_o rebellion_n 146._o be_v favour_v by_o the_o turk_n ibid._n produce_v a_o bad_a peace_n ibid._n conti_n prince_n of_o pretend_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n 205._o proclaim_a king_n by_o the_o primate_n 206._o send_v for_o into_o poland_n 207._o favour_v by_o prince_n sapieha_n ibid._n come_v to_o dantzic_n ibid._n give_v
over_o his_o pretension_n 208._o etc._n etc._n cujavia_n territory_n division_n into_o palatinate_n 234._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n cracovia_n palatinate_n it_o be_v division_n into_o district_n 237._o city_n and_o town_n ibid._n their_o several_a description_n 238_o etc._n etc._n castellan_n power_n 248._o czentochova_n a_o town_n famous_a for_o a_o convent_n 244._o cruswick_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 235._o culm_n pal._n join_v by_o the_o territory_n of_o michalovia_n 260._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n their_o several_a description_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n culm_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 260._o caminiec_fw-la city_n it_o be_v description_n 275._o build_v 320._o chelm_fw-ge pal._n division_n into_o district_n 282._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n their_o description_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n chelm_fw-ge city_n it_o be_v description_n 282._o crasnistaw_fw-mi town_n it_o be_v description_n 282._o d._n denmark_n it_o be_v king_n take_v prisoner_n ii_o dantzic_n make_v a_o city_n 39_o dantzicker_n reduce_v 89_o etc._n etc._n first_o allow_v a_o vote_n 120._o deputy_n first_o admit_v to_o the_o diet_n 65._o diet._n convened_a 85_o 101_o 119_o 124_o 140_o 154_o 205._o dobrina_n pal._n in_o what_o abound_v 289._o division_n into_o district_n ibid._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n 290._o their_o description_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n dobrina_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 290._o e._n election_n by_o horse-race_n 15._o peaceable_n 118._o of_o sigisimund_n de_fw-fr vasa_n 106._o of_o uladislaus_n vii_o 119._o of_o john_n casimir_n 124._o of_o michael_n wiesnowiski_n 144._o of_o john_n sobieski_n 155._o ambassador_n admit_v to_o audience_n 105_o 120_o 141_o 159._o elbing_n town_n it_o be_v description_n 263._o f._n family_n of_o lechus_n 11_o etc._n etc._n cracus_n from_o 12_o to_o 14._o leschus_n ii_o from_o 15_o to_o 17._o piastus_n from_o 21_o to_o 57_o jagello_n from_o 58_o to_o 82._o faction_n lutheran_n and_o catholic_n 102._o not_o to_o be_v unite_v 103._o the_o former_a mutiny_n ibid._n suppress_v ibid._n three_o faction_n 103._o lutheran_n policy_n 105._o frederic_n august_n king_n elect_v 207._o take_v possession_n of_o cracow_n ibid._n crown_n d_o ibid._n reason_n why_o he_o be_v likely_a to_o restore_v poland_n 209._o first_o german_n prince_n that_o have_v be_v king_n ibid._n g._n great_a poland_n province_n it_o be_v division_n 220._o palatinate_v 221._o their_o several_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n their_o arm_n 226_o etc._n etc._n gnesna_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 223._o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n their_o several_a life_n from_o 310_o to_o 324._o grodno_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 329._o h._n henry_n i._n elect_v and_o dethrone_v 48._o appoint_v a_o successor_n in_o vain_a ibid._n hedwigis_fw-la queen_n come_v into_o poland_n 58_o be_v crown_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v ibid._n have_v several_a suitor_n ibid._n marry_v jagello_n 59_o dies_z ibid._n henry_n of_o valois_n king_n send_v for_o by_o the_o diet_n 85._o agree_v to_o article_n and_o take_v a_o oath_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n be_v crown_v 86._o abdicate_v poland_n 87._o embassy_n send_v after_o he_o in_o vain_a ibid._n house_n of_o austria_n jealous_a of_o sigismond_n i_n greatness_n 71._o raise_v enemy_n against_o he_o ibid._n how_o come_v by_o hungary_n bohemia_n and_o silesia_n ibid._n habit_n of_o the_o pole_n 177._o heilsberg_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 263._o halicz_n town_n it_o be_v description_n 271._o i._o jagello_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n become_v christian_a 59_o crown_v king_n of_o poland_n and_o how_o long_o reign_v ibid._n convert_v the_o lithuanian_n ibid._n find_v the_o university_n of_o cracow_n ibid._n his_o war_n ibid._n death_n and_o issue_n 60._o john_n albert_n king_n his_o character_n 66._o policy_n and_o army_n defeat_v ibid._n make_v peace_n with_o the_o valachian_n and_o turk_n 67._o his_o death_n ibid._n john_n casimir_n king_n lead_v a_o religious_a life_n and_o make_v cardinal_n 124._o his_o character_n and_o travel_n 126._o like_a to_o be_v exclude_v ibid._n etc._n etc._n elect_v 128._o his_o marriage_n ibid._n his_o war_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n suedish_n king_n invade_v poland_n 139._o wherefore_o 131._o motive_n and_o mean_n of_o casimir_n abdication_n 134._o his_o death_n 135._o his_o epitaph_n 136._o john_n basilowitz_n czar_n of_o muscovy_n be_v a_o great_a tyrant_n and_o his_o variety_n of_o torture_n 78._o john_n iii_o sobieski_n elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1674_o 163._o his_o father_n and_o mother_n ibid._n his_o travel_n 164._o his_o marriage_n ibid._n his_o generosity_n 165._o zeal_n to_o arm_n discourage_v 166._o war_n with_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n 167_o etc._n etc._n a_o battle_n 169._o his_o coronation_n 172._o he_o relieve_v vienna_n 173._o defeat_v the_o turk_n 174._o his_o entry_n through_o the_o breach_n 175._o pursue_v the_o enemy_n ibid._n take_v zytehin_n in_o hungary_n 176._o enter_v into_o a_o league_n against_o the_o turk_n 177._o be_v immoderate_o covetous_a ibid._n his_o person_n and_o dress_n ibid._n his_o character_n 179._o engage_v dr._n connor_n in_o a_o dispute_n ibid._n his_o building_n 184._o care_v of_o his_o child_n 185._o his_o great_a riches_n ibid._n fortune_n former_o and_o gradual_a promotion_n 150_o his_o sister_n 198_o what_o issue_n she_o leave_v 200._o account_v of_o the_o king_n distemper_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o plosko_fw-mi 201_o etc._n etc._n the_o king_n death_n 204._o reflection_n on_o his_o disease_n ibid._n inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la before_o the_o present_a king_n election_n 205._o inowlocz_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 235._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n k._n king_n of_o poland_n his_o policy_n 8._o the_o first_o 9_o 25._o four_o class_n of_o king_n 10._o title_n cease_v 30._o restore_v 48._o king_n of_o sueden_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n 132._o koningsberg_n in_o regal_a prussia_n build_v 45._o it_o be_v description_n 264._o kalisch_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 226._o kalisch_n pal._n its_o arm_n 227._o kiovia_n pal._n how_o bound_v 277._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n 278._o their_o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n kiow_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 278._o l._n law_n what_o former_o in_o poland_n 5._o lechus_n i._n 10._o find_v poland_n 5._o build_v posnan_n and_o gnesna_n 6._o occasion_n poland_n the_o name_n of_o lechia_n ib._n his_o posterity_n how_o long_o reign_v 11_o 12._o ii_o his_o banishment_n and_o death_n 13._o lescus_n i._n 14._o elect_v by_o a_o stratagem_n ib._n reign_n and_o death_n uncertain_a 15._o ii_o how_o elect_v 14._o his_o death_n 15._o iii_o his_o death_n uncertain_a 16._o iv._o his_o character_n and_o death_n 23._o v._o surname_v the_o white_a 39_o under_o guardian_n ib._n his_o war_n 40._o be_v dethrone_v ib._n restore_v ib._n dethrone_v again_o 41_o put_v by_o a_o election_n ib._n etc._n etc._n re-establish_v 42._o murder_a in_o a_o bath_n ib._n vi_o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 46._o his_o war_n ib._n insurrection_n against_o he_o ib._n retire_v into_o hungary_n 47._o return_v with_o success_n ib._n his_o death_n ib._n leave_v his_o kingdom_n in_o distraction_n ib._n lasconâ—gus_n vide_fw-la uladislaus_n iii_o locticus_n vide_fw-la uladislaus_n iu._n lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n when_o crown_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 56._o oblige_a to_o take_v a_o oath_n ib_n return_v into_o hungary_n ib._n his_o war_n death_n and_o issue_n 57_o commendable_a example_n of_o he_o ib._n leopol_n city_n whence_o so_o call_v 46._o it_o be_v description_n 267._o luther_n doctrine_n when_o first_o know_v here_o 70._o very_o much_o propagate_v 78._o the_o occasion_n ib._n first_o person_n of_o note_n that_o embrace_v it_o ib._n lutheran_n contend_v for_o share_v in_o the_o government_n 101._o obtain_v perpetual_a liberty_n of_o conscience_n ib_n etc._n etc._n lutheran_n party_n dissent_v 107._o elect_v and_o proclaim_v maximilian_n of_o austria_n 〈◊〉_d 2_o pronounce_v traitor_n by_o the_o diet_n 108._o lithuanid_n tend_v towards_o a_o civil_a war_n 160._o how_o call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n 302._o present_v bound_n ib._n ancient_a extent_n ib._n soil_n and_o product_n ib._n &c_n &c_n union_n with_o poland_n and_o privilege_n 303._o division_n ib._n its_o arm_n ib._n different_a opinion_n about_o its_o name_n 304._o its_o duke_n from_o 305_o to_o 310._o division_n into_o palatinate_n 324._o lithuanid_v proper_a province_n 325._o lesser-poland_n province_n its_o bound_n 236._o it_o be_v division_n into_o pal._n ib._n etc._n etc._n their_o several_a arm_n 249_o 254_o 257._o lowitz_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 231._o lanschet_fw-mi pal._n it_o be_v division_n into_o district_n 232_o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n lanschet_fw-mi city_n it_o be_v description_n 232._o lublin_n pal._n join_v by_o the_o territory_n of_o lukovia_n 254._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n 255._o their_o several_a description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n lublin_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 255._o lutzk_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 295._o m._n
miâ—ceslaus_n i._n 24._o his_o christian_a wife_n ib._n his_o war_n 25._o ii_o his_o war_n 26._o character_n and_o death_n 27._o iii_o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 36._o whence_o surname_v the_o old_a ibid._n be_v dethrone_v 37._o endeavour_n to_o get_v restore_v 38._o be_v restore_v 40._o dethrone_v again_o ibid._n reinthron_v 41._o his_o death_n ibid._n michael_n wiesnowiski_n refuse_v the_o crown_n 144._o accept_v it_o ibid._n proclaim_a crown_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 145._o his_o marriage_n ibid._n his_o death_n 149._o leave_v no_o issue_n ibid._n bury_v 171._o marienburg_n city_n build_v 51._o it_o be_v description_n 262._o maximilian_n the_o emperor_n king_n elect_n acquaint_v that_o he_o be_v choose_v 87._o prevent_v invade_v poland_n by_o death_n 88_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n rout_v by_o the_o polish_v general_n 109._o beat_v again_o and_o make_v prisoner_n 110._o offer_a liberty_n on_o honourable_a term_n 111._o dissent_n ib._n consent_n ib._n mine_n 245._o of_o cracaw_n 246._o description_n of_o they_o ib._n etc._n etc._n manna_n particular_a sort_n and_o eat_v for_o sauce_n 248._o michalevia_n territory_n it_o be_v description_n 262._o marienburg_n pal._n it_o be_v chief_a city_n and_o town_n 262._o their_o several_a description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n masovia_n province_n its_o bound_n 283._o inhabitant_n 284._o division_n into_o palatinate_n ib._n their_o several_a arm_n 288._o 289._o 290._o masovia_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 284._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n 285._o their_o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n mindog_n duke_n of_o lithuania_n acknowledge_v king_n 308._o murder_a 309._o mscislaw_n pal._n description_n 333_o division_n into_o district_n ib._n etc._n etc._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n 334._o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 335._o mscislaw_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 334._o minski_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 337._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 338._o minski_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 337._o n._n number_n of_o polish_v prince_n 9_o of_o town_n and_o village_n in_o poland_n 217_o etc._n etc._n novogrodec_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 332._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n their_o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 333._o novogrodec_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 332._o o._n oliva_n treaty_n there_o 133._o p._n poland_n its_o origin_n 3._o whence_o so_o call_v 5._o what_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n ib._n by_o who_o found_v ib._n its_o policy_n 7._o make_v a_o figure_n in_o the_o ixth_o century_n 20._o it_o be_v ancient_a extent_n 213._o increase_v by_o conquest_n ib._n by_o policy_n 214._o present_a extent_n 225._o its_o bound_n and_o soil_n 216._o its_o product_n 217._o cilmate_fw-it 218._o river_n ib._n their_o several_a course_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o lake_n 220._o pole_n when_o first_o christian_n 24._o march_z to_o recover_v podolia_n 148._o conquer_v but_o fail_v in_o their_o design_n ib._n etc._n etc._n popiel_n i._n 16._o his_o vice_n and_o death_n ib._n ii_o ib._n judgement_n upon_o he_o 17._o piastus_n 21._o cause_o of_o his_o election_n ib._n his_o virtue_n and_o death_n 22._o how_o long_o his_o family_n reign_v ib._n give_v the_o name_n of_o piasto_n 23._o patron_n of_o poland_n 30._o premislus_n when_o crown_v 48._o murder_a ib._n prophecy_n comical_a 108._o post_n when_o first_o settle_v in_o poland_n 123._o peace_n conclude_v with_o the_o turk_n 173._o how_o long_o last_v ib._n prince_n james_n his_o character_n 188._o intend_a marriage_n disappoint_v ib._n marry_v to_o another_o 189._o weak_a and_o sickly_a ib._n officiate_n as_o ambassador_n 192._o resign_v his_o interest_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n 206._o princess_n john_n iii'_v daughter_n her_o character_n 190._o her_o marriage_n ib._n portion_n 191._o ceremony_n of_o her_o marriage_n ib._n equipage_n for_o her_o journey_n to_o brussels_n 193._o reception_n at_o berlin_n 195._o be_v meet_v by_o the_o elector_n 196._o proceed_v on_o her_o journey_n 197._o arrival_n at_o brussels_n 198._o physician_n a_o consultation_n of_o they_o 199._o posnan_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 221._o posnania_n palatinate_n its_o arm_n 226._o prussia_n province_n its_o bound_n 257._o product_n ib._n rivers_n 258._o lake_n ib._n division_n 259._o officer_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o great_a council_n ib._n its_o arm_n 265._o prussia_n royal_a division_n into_o palatinate_n 259._o prussia_n dueal_n it_o be_v chief_a city_n and_o town_n 264._o pomerania_n pal._n 260._o premislaw_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 269._o podolia_n pal_z wherefore_o famous_a 274._o division_n into_o district_n ib._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n their_o several_a description_n 175_o etc._n etc._n plosko_fw-mi pal._n division_n into_o district_n 288._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n their_o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n plosko_fw-mi city_n it_o be_v description_n 288._o podlachia_n province_n its_o bound_n 296._o division_n into_o district_n ib._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n 〈◊〉_d their_o description_n 297_o etc._n etc._n arm_n of_o the_o proâ—ovince_n 298._o pinsko_fw-mi city_n it_o be_v description_n 331._o polocz_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 338._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 339._o polocz_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 338._o q._n queen-dowager's_a zeal_n 156._o king_n michael_n assign_v a_o jointure_n 166._o queen_n john_n iii'_v first_o come_v into_o poland_n 186._o her_o first_o marriage_n ib._n age_n and_o qualification_n ib._n etc._n etc._n her_o address_n in_o dispose_v of_o employment_n 187._o r._n rochester_n lord_n his_o embassy_n into_o poland_n 172._o have_v audience_n of_o the_o queen_n at_o dantzick_n ib._n make_v a_o present_a to_o the_o princess_n ib._n receive_v by_o the_o king_n in_o his_o camp_n 173._o have_v public_a audience_n at_o zolkiew_n ib._n manner_n thereof_o ib._n his_o return_n home_o ib._n respect_n little_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n child_n 189._o rava_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 230._o its_o city_n and_o town_n ib._n etc._n etc._n rava_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 230_o etc._n etc._n russia_n province_n division_n and_o description_n 266._o division_n into_o palatinate_n ib._n arm_n 276_o 280_o 281_o 283._o russia_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 267._o their_o several_a arm_n 269_o 271._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n rosienia_n capital_a of_o samogitia_n it_o be_v description_n 293._o religion_n ancient_a and_o present_a of_o lithuania_n 339_o etc._n etc._n s_o stratagem_n succeed_v 14._o defeat_v 15._o sigismond_n i._n when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 69._o defeat_v a_o conspiracy_n and_o army_n ib._n other_o war_n ib._n etc._n etc._n his_o marriage_n 70._o war_n with_o the_o teutonic_n order_n ib._n grant_v liberty_n of_o conscience_n to_o dantzickers_n ib._n war_n with_o knight_n end_v by_o mediation_n 71._o force_v other_o invader_n to_o retire_v ib._n his_o death_n and_o age_n 72._o his_o character_n marriage_n and_o issue_n ib._n ii_o surname_v augustus_n when_o crown_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 75._o his_o marriage_n displease_v the_o diet_n 76._o unite_v livonia_n to_o poland_n 77._o his_o war_n with_o the_o moscovite_n ib._n force_v the_o czar_n to_o a_o peace_n 78._o send_v a_o army_n to_o support_v bogdan_n in_o valachia_n ib._n oblige_v to_o return_v home_o ib._n rather_o favour_v than_o disturb_v the_o lutheran_n 79._o hear_v several_a of_o their_o preacher_n ib._n incline_v most_o bishop_n to_o that_o persuasion_n ib._n a_o great_a escape_n he_o have_v ib._n his_o death_n and_o issue_n ib._n stephen_n batori_fw-la king_n receive_v and_o crown_v 88_o primate_n submit_v ib._n who_o great_o assist_v to_o he_o in_o his_o election_n ib._n his_o rise_n 89._o his_o marriage_n ib._n more_o severe_a in_o punishment_n than_o law_n allow_v 90._o encourage_v speak_v latin_n 91._o a_o wonder_n to_o the_o french_a ib._n his_o war_n ib._n be_v refuse_v to_o name_v a_o successor_n 100_o his_o character_n ib._n his_o death_n and_o epitaph_n ib._n etc._n etc._n sigismond_n de_fw-fr vasa_n king_n ambassador_n send_v to_o acquaint_v he_o 107._o be_v crown_v in_o poland_n 109._o his_o marriage_n 111._o crown_v king_n of_o sweden_n 112._o depose_v there_o ib._n cause_n of_o his_o war_n with_o the_o moscovite_n 113._o his_o war_n with_o the_o turk_n 115._o invasion_n by_o gustavus_n adolthus_n 116._o sigismund_n death_n ib._n his_o character_n ib._n speech_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o premislaw_n 119._o another_o appease_v heat_n 143._o another_o by_o the_o palatin_n of_o russia_n 160._o byasses_n poland_n and_o part_n of_o lithuania_n 161._o senator_n of_o great_a poland_n 225_o 227_o 229_o 232_o 233_o 236._o of_o lesser_n poland_n 248_o 254_o 256._o of_o prussia_n 265._o of_o russia_n 274_o 276_o 277_o 280_o 281_o 283._o of_o masovia_n 287_o 289_o 290._o of_o samogitia_n 294._o of_o volhynia_n 296._o of_o podlachia_n 298._o of_o lithuania-prope_a 328_o 330_o 331._o of_o lithuanic-russia_n 333_o 335_o 336_o 338_o 339._o
severia_n city_n belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n 243._o siradia_n pal._n its_o arm_n 230._o sendomir_n pal._n it_o be_v division_n into_o district_n 249._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n 251._o their_o several_a description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n sendomir_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 250._o sanoch_n town_n it_o be_v description_n 273._o sâ—â—â—giâ—ta_fw-la province_n 290._o its_o bound_n 291._o manner_n of_o people_n ib._n their_o superstition_n 292._o manner_n of_o sacrifice_v ib._n etc._n etc._n division_n into_o district_n 293._o principal_a town_n ib._n description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n t_o teutonic_n order_n call_v into_o poland_n 43._o establish_v in_o prussia_n 51._o prove_v troublesome_a to_o the_o pole_n ib._n therefore_o excommunicate_v by_o the_o pope_n 52._o rout_n the_o prussian_n and_o casimir_n iu._n 64._o tartar_n first_o inroad_n 44._o second_o incursion_n 61._o three_o incursion_n with_o the_o moscovite_n and_o moldavian_n 71._o turk_n take_v podhais_n 170._o thorn_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 261._o its_o arm_n ib._n native_a town_n of_o copernicus_n ib._n etc._n etc._n troki_n city_n build_v 315._o it_o be_v description_n 329._o troki_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 328._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n 329._o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 330._o u._n visimirus_n 10._o his_o conquest_n 11._o his_o death_n ibid._n venda_fw-la 13._o her_o death_n ib._n uladislaus_n i._n 30._o his_o war_n ib._n his_o marriage_n and_o death_n 31._o ii_o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 33._o persecute_v his_o brother_n 34._o a_o severe_a revenge_n ib._n his_o flight_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o death_n 35._o iii_o uladislaus_n lasconogus_n 42._o surrenders_n his_o crown_n ib._n iv._o whence_o so_o call_v 48._o when_o begin_v his_o reign_n and_o how_o long_o reign_v 49._o his_o war_n and_o vice_n ib._n be_v dethrone_v ib_a restore_v 50._o meet_v with_o difficulty_n ib._n etc._n etc._n his_o speech_n to_o his_o army_n 52._o overthrow_v the_o teutonic_n order_n 53._o be_v crown_v with_o his_o queen_n ib._n his_o death_n ib._n uladislaus_n v._o vide_fw-la jagello_n vi_o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 60._o regent_n during_o minority_n 61._o crown_v king_n of_o hungary_n ib._n his_o war_n with_o the_o turk_n ib._n etc._n etc._n be_v compliment_v on_o a_o victory_n 62._o kill_v and_o rout_v by_o the_o turk_n 63._o epitaph_n upon_o he_o ib._n his_o perfidy_n awaken_v the_o turk_n ib._n vii_o elect_v proclaim_a and_o crown_v 121._o his_o marriage_n and_o war_n ib._n with_o the_o cosack_n 122._o his_o death_n 123._o ukraina_n country_n of_o the_o cosack_n whence_o so_o call_v 93._o how_o divide_v ib._n to_o who_o ancient_o belong_v ib._n its_o inhabitant_n vide_fw-la cosacks_n vielunia_n territory_n it_o be_v division_n 229._o principal_a town_n ibid._n arm_n 230._o uladislaw_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 234._o varmia_n bishopric_n and_o pal._n exempt_a from_o regal_a jurisdiction_n 263._o it_o be_v chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n their_o several_a description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n vinnicza_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 277._o volhynia_n province_n division_n into_o district_n 294._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 296._o vilna_n city_n build_v 316._o it_o be_v description_n 325._o its_o arm_n 328._o vilna_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 325._o it_o be_v chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 328._o vitebsko_fw-mi vide_fw-la witebsko_n w._n woievod_n xii_o their_o government_n 12_o 14._o depose_v ib._n wenceslaus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n crown_v king_n of_o poland_n and_o how_o long_o reign_v 49._o go_v into_o bohemia_n ib._n lose_v his_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o die_v 50._o warsaw_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 285_o etc._n etc._n witebsko_fw-mi pal._n have_v but_o one_o district_n 335._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n their_o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 336._o witebsko_fw-mi city_n it_o be_v description_n 335._o z._n ziemovitus_fw-la 23._o his_o war_n character_n and_o death_n ib._n ziemovistus_n ib._n his_o character_n and_o death_n ib._n etc._n etc._n zulava_n island_n it_o be_v division_n 263._o zamoisk_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 283._o table_n ii_o ☞_o note_v this_o second_o volume_n have_v be_v put_v to_o two_o printing-house_n a_o second_o alphabet_n be_v necessary_a to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o therefore_o to_o avoid_v mistake_v the_o reader_n be_v desire_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o this_o asterism_n *_o after_o the_o folio_n for_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o second_o part._n a._n armenian_n in_o poland_n where_o inhabit_v 49._o have_v peculiar_a prelate_n etc._n etc._n ib._n service_n in_o what_o language_n ibid._n acknowledge_v the_o see_v of_o rome_n ib._n associate_n to_o judge_n 77._o army_n polish_v it_o be_v division_n 9_o *_o of_o the_o horse_n ib._n etc._n etc._n *_o of_o the_o foot_n 11_o *_o manner_n of_o pay_v the_o army_n 20_o *_o inferior_a officer_n of_o the_o army_n 31_o etc._n etc._n *_o auxiliary_n what_o 16_o *_o example_n ib._n *_n b._n bishopric_n polish_v how_o many_o 36_o etc._n etc._n their_o several_a diocese_n 37._o peculiar_a jurisdiction_n ib._n bishop_n polish_v each_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o little_a court_n 46._o have_v also_o suffragans_fw-la ib._n contest_v with_o lay-senator_n for_o precedence_n ib._n have_v most_o of_o they_o large_a revenue_n 47._o bishop_n greek_n in_o premislaw_n 44._o in_o kiovia_n be_v former_o primate_n of_o moscovy_n 45._o burgraves_n their_o office_n 80._o bath_n in_o poland_n private_a and_o public_a with_o their_o effect_n 199._o burial_n order_n of_o procession_n at_o they_o 206._o other_o proceed_n 207._o particular_n of_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n interment_n ib._n c._n commonalty_n polish_v their_o condition_n 5._o wherefore_o enslave_v ib._n incapable_a of_o preferment_n except_o some_o few_o 167._o how_o first_o enslave_v 182._o live_v satisfy_v notwithstanding_o 183._o their_o present_a condition_n 184._o enrich_v their_o lord_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n how_o fix_v in_o a_o farm_n 185._o cosacks_n a_o further_a account_n of_o they_o 11_o etc._n etc._n *_o their_o council_n of_o war_n 12_o *_o way_n of_o fortify_v their_o camp_n and_o boat_n ib._n *_n their_o power_n 13_o *_o crown_n of_o poland_n mean_v to_o continue_v it_o in_o one_o family_n 26._o vacant_a four_o way_n 126._o custom_n polish_v way_n of_o hunt_v wild_a ox_n 209._o manner_n of_o take_v bear_n 211._o way_n of_o order_v cabbage_n 212._o pole_n eat_v but_o little_a bread_n 215._o custom_n at_o feast_n vide_fw-la feast_n manner_n at_o table_n 217._o way_n of_o take_v tobacco_n 218._o custom_n in_o travel_v vide_fw-la travel_v manner_n of_o peculiar_a country_n 224._o custom_n in_o grind_v corn_n 227._o rustic_n employment_n within_o and_o without_o door_n 229._o manner_n in_o husbandry_n 233._o way_n of_o prune_v tree_n ib._n manner_n of_o sow_v ib._n etc._n etc._n way_n of_o secure_v and_o order_v corn_n 234._o peculiar_a custom_n in_o prussia_n ib._n manner_n of_o fish_v in_o poland_n 40_o *_o manner_n of_o elect_v and_o ordain_v priest_n in_o dantzic_n 47_o *_o counsellor_n privy_a who_o in_o poland_n 31._o four_o senator_n particular_o assign_v 31_o 35._o castellan_n what_o and_o whence_o so_o call_v 35._o name_n and_o precedence_n from_o 61_o to_o 67._o their_o duty_n 60._o their_o division_n qualification_n office_n and_o title_n ib._n etc._n etc._n name_v in_o polish_v 68_o cracow_n bishop_n of_o his_o residence_n and_o precedence_n 42._o bishopric_n and_o power_n ib._n how_o address_v to_o 43_o cracow_n palatin_a of_o wherefore_o prefer_v 55._o cujavia_n bishop_n of_o he_o see_v precedence_n and_o authority_n 43._o have_v several_a place_n of_o residence_n ib._n culm_n bishop_n of_o his_o precedence_n and_o see_v 45._o chelm_fw-ge bishop_n of_o he_o see_v translate_v and_o wherefore_o 45._o caminiec_fw-la bishop_n of_o honorary_a be_v under_o the_o turk_n 46._o church_n greek_n two_o sort_n 47._o priest_n how_o call_v and_o wherefore_o ib._n calvinist_n in_o what_o part_n of_o poland_n 48._o king_n oblige_v to_o protect_v they_o ib._n name_n in_o polish_v ibid._n first_o nobleman_n that_o become_v calvinist_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n clergy_n regular_n their_o privilege_n 51._o dissolute_a life_n ib._n clergy_n secular_a their_o manner_n 52._o division_n ib._n church_n polish_v fine_a and_o well_o adorn_v 53._o a_o rich_a cope_n at_o leopel_n ib._n chancellor_n great_a and_o vice_n qualification_n of_o those_o of_o the_o kingdom_n 70._o both_o have_v seal_n and_o equal_a authority_n 71._o their_o office_n and_o power_n ib._n succeed_v each_o other_o 72._o how_o ought_v to_o be_v qualify_v ib._n cavalry_n polish_v what_o require_v in_o vain_a of_o they_o 7_o *_o great_a force_n with_o example_n 24_o etc._n etc._n *_o cupbearer_n carver_n etc._n etc._n 77._o custom-house_n commissioner_n 78._o chamberlain_z vice_n of_o district_n his_o office_n 78._o chamberlain_n under_o he_o ib._n convocation_n
to_o be_v in_o english_a hand_n ibid._n *_o whence_o have_v its_o name_n 114_o *_o u._n vilna_n bishop_n of_o his_o diocese_n 43._o vilna_n castellan_n of_o prefer_v wherefore_o 55._o varmia_n bishop_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o see_v 44._o vote_n intend_a limitation_n like_a to_o produce_v a_o bad_a effect_n 104._o who_o have_v they_o in_o election_n of_o a_o king_n 144._o volunteer_n what_o in_o poland_n 17_o *_o example_n ib._n etc._n etc._n *_o select_v out_o of_o the_o gentry_n 18_o *_o university_n two_o in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n 75_o *_o chief_a study_n there_o ibid._n *_o have_v no_o solid_a learning_n 78_o *_o w._n woman_n polish_v their_o former_a and_o late_a fashion_n 197._o very_o modest_a 200._o exception_n 201._o their_o liberty_n restrain_v ibid._n war_n two_o quality_n necessary_a there_o 26_o *_o z._n zuppars_n what_o 80._o vide_fw-la mine_n finis_fw-la from_o the_o year_n 550_o to_o the_o year_n 1698._o former_a power_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n a._n d._n 1574._o advantage_n thereby_o why_o european_a prince_n court_v the_o polish_v gentry_n nobility_n resolve_v thereupon_o abridge_v the_o ancient_a power_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o constitute_v a_o republic_n division_n of_o the_o people_n of_o poland_n the_o diet._n it_o be_v power_n motive_n for_o a_o mix_a government_n a_o motive_n ii_o motive_n iii_o motive_n advantage_n of_o a_o mix_a government_n division_n of_o the_o republic_n king_n present_a power_n and_o prerogatives_n his_o happiness_n unhappiness_n a_o great_a inconvenience_n to_o the_o state_n instance_n of_o pole_n affection_n to_o their_o king_n modern_a king_n power_n abroad_o and_o at_o home_o the_o great_a respect_n pay_v he_o his_o title_n and_o other_o prerogative_n his_o pension_n houshold-officer_n and_o guard_n queen_n consort_n court_n how_o maintain_v king_n patrimonial_a estate_n and_o perquisites_n late_a king_n be_v great_a riches_n the_o crown_n revenue_n queen_n revenue_n the_o king_n power_n limit_v in_o several_a respect_n nobility_n only_o capable_a of_o preferment_n other_o limitation_n of_o the_o king_n power_n inconvenience_n thereby_o why_o he_o be_v pay_v so_o great_a respect_n city_n present_v their_o key_n upon_o his_o approach_n why_o he_o can_v raise_v no_o force_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o diet._n his_o legitimate_a issue_n great_o respect_v his_o illegitimate_a as_o much_o slight_v mean_v to_o continue_v the_o crown_n in_o one_o family_n why_o the_o k._n of_o poland_n can_v imitate_v he_o of_o denmark_n not_o unhappy_a because_o he_o can_v secure_v the_o succession_n to_o his_o family_n crown_n and_o court_n officer_n gentleman_n pensioner_n horse-guard_n court_n officer_n in_o lithuania_n and_o in_o several_a province_n chief_z officer_n of_o queen_n court._n principal_a officer_n of_o primate_n court._n what_o peculiar_a to_o he_o the_o senate_n and_o its_o office_n senator_n by_o who_o make_v and_o their_o oath_n four_o to_o attend_v the_o king_n and_o wherefore_o senators_z not_o suffer_v to_o travel_v travel_v vide_fw-la sueton._n cap._n 42._o in_o vita_fw-la jul._n caesar_n &_o tacit_fw-la lib_n 12._o annal._n cap._n 23._o this_o title_n not_o bestow_v by_o its_o self_n senator_n office_n extreme_o prize_v their_o dignity_n their_o division_n and_o subdivision_n diocese_n of_o poland_n peculiar_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o two_o archbishop_n ecclesiastical_a senator_n his_o power_n and_o state_n his_o power_n as_o inter._n rex_fw-la why_o entrust_v so_o much_o his_o see_n two_o other_o bishop_n in_o leopol_n those_o of_o the_o greek_a persuasion_n their_o tenet_n ceremony_n and_o ornoment_n his_o bishopric_n and_o power_n his_o residence_n and_o precedence_n his_o see_n precedence_n and_o authority_n several_a place_n of_o residence_n his_o diocese_n his_o diocese_n his_o jurisdiction_n and_o see_n his_o jurisdiction_n and_o see_n his_o diocese_n here_o be_v a_o greek_a bishop_n likewise_o bishop_n of_o curland_n yet_o have_v no_o see_n his_o precedence_n and_o see_n he_o see_v translate_v and_o wherefore_o honorary_a a_o greek_a bishop_n former_o primate_n of_o moscovy_n honorary_a honorary_a each_o bishop_n have_v a_o kind_a of_o little_a court_n their_o precedence_n in_o the_o diet_n and_o large_a revenue_n religion_n in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n conversion_n and_o several_a persuasion_n of_o the_o pole_n socinian_o expel_v 1658._o 1673._o lutheran_n and_o calvinist_n and_o other_o religion_n in_o poland_n the_o roman_a catholic_n prevail_v and_o always_o prefer_v privilege_n of_o regular_a clergy_n their_o dissolute_a life_n fast_n how_o observe_v in_o poland_n manner_n of_o the_o secular_a clergy_n the_o pole_n behaviour_n at_o church_n their_o church_n division_n and_o subdivision_n of_o lay_n senator_n palatine_n etc._n etc._n with_o their_o precedence_n 1._o lay-senator_n prefer_v and_o wherefore_o 1130._o 1130._o duglossus_n lib._n 4._o annal._n polon_n p._n 369._o prefer_v for_o what_o reason_n reason_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 3._o p._n 504._o prefer_v and_o why_o wherefore_o prefer_v and_o how_o choose_v honorary_a palatinate_n why_o he_o have_v the_o title_n of_o the_o province_n honorary_a palatinate_n honorary_a palatinate_n former_o seat_n of_o teutonic_n knight_n honorary_a palatinate_n great_a part_n honorary_a honorary_a palatinate_n duty_n and_o office_n of_o palatine_n palatine_n hartknoch_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o p._n 506._o etc._n etc._n vice_n palatine_n and_o how_o qualify_v duty_n of_o castellan_n their_o division_n qualification_n office_n and_o title_n great_a castellan_n and_o their_o precedence_n lay-senator_n honorary_a honorary_a honorary_a honorary_a lesser_a castellan_n no_o enjoy_n plurality_n of_o office_n castellan_n how_o call_v in_o polish_v the_o ten_o crown-officer_n those_o of_o the_o kingdom_n precede_v lay-senator_n his_o office_n power_n and_o authority_n duty_n and_o privilege_n his_o perquisites_n deputy_n and_o who_o officiate_n in_o case_n of_o absence_n qualification_n of_o these_o of_o the_o kingdom_n kingdom_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o p._n 528._o both_o have_v seal_n and_o equal_a authority_n their_o office_n and_o power_n succeed_v each_o other_o how_o ought_v to_o be_v qualify_v their_o office_n and_o authority_n a_o remarkable_a breach_n of_o trust_n contend_v for_o precedence_n but_o refuse_v it_o extra-senatorial_a officer_n great_a general_n have_v equal_a authority_n their_o power_n and_o duty_n king_n interest_n to_o head_n his_o army_n present_v great_a general_n dignity_n successive_a lieutenant-general_n and_o their_o office_n chief_a commander_n of_o the_o guard_n other_o great_a officer_n in_o the_o army_n camp-notary_n captain_n of_o guard_n against_o incursion_n great_a secretary_n and_o their_o authority_n referendary_n and_o their_o office_n cupbearer_n carver_n sword-bearer_n court-treasurer_n and_o their_o office_n treasurer_n of_o prussia_n associate_n to_o judge_n chief_a notary_n register_n inchancery_n escheator_n commissioner_n of_o custom_n house_n governor_n of_o mine_n governor_n of_o the_o mint_n court-officer_n civil_a officer_n of_o district_n vice-chamberlain_n and_o his_o office_n chamberlain_n judge_n and_o assistant_n prothonotary_n head_n collector_n other_o officer_n and_o why_o so_o call_v military_a officer_n of_o district_n starostas_n with_o jurisdiction_n vice-starostas_a etc._n etc._n jurisdiction_n of_o starostas_n starostas_n without_o jurisdiction_n burgraves_n and_o their_o office_n revenue_n of_o starostaship_n zuppars_n what_o what_o the_o diet_n be_v by_o who_o call_v and_o where_o and_o how_o often_o meet_a manner_n of_o call_v it_o and_o proceed_n thereupon_o where_o the_o little_a diet_n meet_v i._o in_o great_a poland_n poland_n vide_fw-la herburt_n voice_fw-la comitia_fw-la p._n 92._o and_o in_o edit_n polon_n p._n 257._o podlachia_n and_o masovia_n ii_o in_o little-poland_n iii_o in_o lithuania_n iv._o in_o prussia_n v._o in_o russia_n vi_o in_o volhynia_n vii_o in_o samogitia_n qualification_n for_o and_o manner_n of_o vote_v in_o little_a diet_n who_o and_o how_o many_o choose_a deputy_n with_o their_o instruction_n proceed_n in_o little_a diet_n diet_n hartknoch_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 6._o p._n 682._o etc._n etc._n deputy_n how_o choose_v choose_v hartknoch_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 6._o p._n 689._o can_v be_v senator_n their_o salary_n when_o first_o send_v vide_fw-la constitut_n an._n 1581._o p._n 375._o their_o general_a meeting_n diet_n divide_v into_o three_o nation_n speaker_n how_o choose_v and_o heat_n thereupon_o how_o occasion_v next_o proceed_v further_o proceed_n reflection_n of_o hauteville_n speaker_n request_v for_o the_o deputy_n his_o authority_n proceed_n in_o the_o low_a house_n conference_n be_v with_o the_o upper_a and_o nuncios_fw-la power_n confirm_v and_o encourage_v their_o privilege_n privilege_n constitut_n an._n 1649._o committee_n how_o long_o sit_v upper_a house_n how_o employ_v manner_n of_o break_v up_o session_n in_o the_o low_a two_o house_n join_v speaker_n power_n devolve_v to_o great_a marshal_n where_o the_o king_n suspend_v his_o opinion_n what_o require_v to_o establish_v a_o law_n where_o it_o can_v be_v print_v session_n of_o the_o diet_n limit_v wherefore_o affair_n treat_v of_o in_o the_o grand_a