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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A20865	A new counsell against the pestilence declaring what kinde of disease it is, of what cause it procedeth, the signes and tokens thereof: with the order of curing the same.; Consilium novum de pestilentia. English	Drouet, Pierre, fl. 1578.; Twyne, Thomas, 1543-1613.	1578 (1578)	STC 7241; ESTC S108183	25,412	76

in the head be raueth at the fyrst assault of the sicknes hée is troubled with a cholericke distillation out of the head into the stomacke Lungues and nether partes he is eyther verye sléepie or aboundeth in ouer watching he hath swelling in his neck and about the eares the daysling of the head hyssing in the eares with readnesse of the face and beating of the temples This plague raygned in Auernia in the yéere of our Lorde 1546. Many are of opinion that the Pestilence is a thyrde kinde of the burning Feuer and iudge that it procéedeth of Melancholicke blood eyther putryfying or boyling by reason of the putryfying which they gather to bée so by the resemblaunce which it hath to a continual quartaine and the smellings which vse to appeare in such Feuers Howbeit vnlesse all the auncient wryters and this our learned age also haue bene verye much ouerseene the Feuer is not of the verye substaunce of the sicknesse For albe it for the more part shee ioyne her selfe vnto it as a most painfull companion and a whelpe of the same hayre notwithstanding the whole order of the cure sheweth that they differ euen by whole kinde And because the place of making blood and other humours is by nature appointed vnto the Lyuer I wyl shew the signes of euery one beginning first with the signes that declare the infection to bee in the blood which are these heat not byting but gentle and milde a stiffe and strouting weerinesse of the whole body stinking sieges large and liquide lying of the pacient vpon his back heauines of the head beating of the tēples rauing and idle speech after the fourth or seauenth day smal thyrst or none at all a filthie tongue vrine at the beginning almost white afterward growing redder and confused all the bodye ouer speciallye vpon the backe breast and armes litle red whelkes rysing not vnlike to fleabites If the infection be in Choler the diseased are vexed with that vnquietnes which the Grecians terme Lismos féeling such an extreame burning within them that thèy alwaye crye to bée remoued to some colder place although theyr outwarde partes are not hote at all theyr face is sometime pale and sometime red they thyrst much theyr tongue is verye drie they neuer sléepe their breath stinketh they breath hardlye for which cause and by reason of theyr immoderate heat they desire to drawe in freshe ayre continually theyr sieges are cholericke thinne stinking and fattie and sometime they make water verye yealowe watrishe and thinne When the infection hath taken hold on the rawer part of the blood then the pacient sléepeth continuallye the body is slouthfull and the partes thereof weerie the belching sower soft and flegmaticke swellinges do aryse with other signes moe declaring the dominion of fleame And therefore tender and moist natures are sooner infected then olde men and such as are geuen to labour or that are of a colde and moist temperament and brought vp with cold meates But when this pestilent corruption of the ayre hath inuaded the dregges of the blood called Melancholie the pacient wyll bee very carefull and heauy and much more sorrowful then he was woont he becummeth distract the pulse is small and déepe the vrine lyke the wine of Pomegranates blackishe and whatsoeuer sores or botches breake out in the body they represent the coulour and complexion of their humour The. 7. Chap. HEtherto we haue intreated of the signes it followeth now that we come to the cure which cōsisteth in two pointes in preuenting and dryuing away the sicknes The pestilent ayre is auoided many wayes First if wee kéepe awaye all occasions of the bringing of it to the place where wee dwell as we reade that Marcus Varro did at Corcira for when he perceyued howe that there were some sicke in euerye house round about him he shut his windowes whiche opened to the South and he opened them that were to the North and so preserued all his familie in good health howbeit that which Varro did toward the South I thinke ought to be done also when the winde is East Northeast and West also for if the wise and dilligent Phisition do well marke it he shall perceiue that the plague incr●a●eth when those windes do blowe So lykewise it is necessarie to chaunge place as from lowe places to goe vnto higher when the plague is ingendred by corruption of the ayre but if the winde bring the plague out of one cuntreye into another then were it kest to descend from a high dwelling to a lower where the ground is watrishe and the ayre thick which wyll hardlye receyue the impression of the supernall bodies And when we haue chosen an house then the pestilent ayre is to be corrected by burning of such thinges as eyther by secrete or manifest qualitie are contrarye to the infection as are the Trochisces which followe Take Styrax calamite Benioin of eche one dram red Roses Lauender Cypres of eche halfe a dram with Rosewater Tragagāt make Trochisces burne thē in a chafingdishe of coales or else burne with them of the composition called Gallia or Alipta moscata and such lyke It were verye good also for this purpose to burne such woods and hearbes as yéeld a sweet sauour as Rosemary Sage Lauender Baies Ciprus wood Juniper the wood the barries the wood Aloes Cinnamon Cloues Likewise the sprincling of sweete waters about the chamber amendeth the euill disposition of the ayre as the water of Lauender and Maierom but these are most to be vsed when the ayre is moist cloudye and colde For the warme ayre more spéedely and redelye perceth into our bodies and is soonest infected with the qualitye of some other thing as Auicen hath noted in his first booke in the Chapter of varietye of seasons Wherefore prouision must bee made that it waxe not verye hote by sprincling of fayre water and vineger rose-vineger by setting vp Wyllowe boughes and by strawing the Chamber with water lyllies flagges and such like The. 8. Chap. BUt nowe it is not inough in this maner to haue amended the ayre but also the principal parts must bee strengthened both with thinges receyued inward and applied outwarde to thintent they maye the more valiauntlye withstande the pestilent ayre And among those thinges to which the Grecians giue name for that they be hanged about vs I lyke especiallye of twaine the one is if a hole be made in a hasyll nut and the kernel b●e pulled forth with a pin and the place fylled vp againe with common quicksiluer and hanged about the neck it preserueth a man wonderfully from the pestilence This Medicine I learned aboue twelue yéeres agoe of the Phisition to the Right honourable the Lord Vidam that nowe dead is For at what time Henrie the secōd King of Fraūce lead his armie into Germanie and at the siedge of the Citie of Ment● hee preserued not onelye him selfe but also his Surgeon which went to them that

consumptions so that the next wynter following wee were much troubled with contagious squincies in these quarters which came to passe with chaunging of the winde from the South to the North as it is to be learned out of the twentye fowrth Aphorisme of the first booke of Hippocrates Aphorisines And afterward Hippocrates addeth and the diseases sayth he which the pestilent ayre doth bring if it once offend the Lyuer are burning feuers dropsies putrifaction of the lower part of the bellye and priuities and when sayth hee the rottennes had taken déeper rootes many lost theyr armes and from some the whole cubite from the elbowe foreward fell awaye The lyke kinde of Pestilence was that which Galen citeth out of Thucidides to haue raigned in Athens But if all these proofes can not sufficientlye perswade thee rememember that the Leprosie is a contagious disease the contagion whereof proceedeth of the ayre corrupt and infected by leprous persons which beeing drawne in by breathing infecteth others the contagion taking hold on the Liuer which is the seat of the Leprosie éeuen so one that is sicke of the plague disperseth the infection abrode in the ayre which infecteth those that are about him with the same sicknesse wherby it hapneth that the same disease and hauing the verye same accidentes many times continueth a yéere or twoo togeather as I remember it chaunced once in England Measelles by consent of all auncient wryters take theyr originall of an infection sent downe from the celestiall bodyes into the ayre and are of the kinde of Epedimious diseases and the forerunners of some gréeuous mortall pestilence the cause whereof is the heat and boyling of blood and are to bée numbred among diseases of the lyuer And that there is in these a most manifest infection to be taken one of another euery simple woman can tell and Rases maketh them one kinde of the Pestilence Thus all that we haue hetherto sayd do prooue ▪ that the Pestilent ayre sumtyme infecteth the Braine sumtyme the Lyuer and sumtime the heart according to the diuersitye of the putryfaction ▪ and the diuerse disposition of the body For as fire is sooner kyndled in drye strawe then in gréene wood so lykewise the infected ayre béeing dispersed abroade and breathed in sooner ouerthroweth suche bodyes as are stuffed with euyll humours then those that are cleane and pure from any such and for this cause you shall see among a great many that were about one which was sicke of the plague one onely many times to escape the sicknesse and euen so all that looke vpon sore eyes become not sore eyed but such onelye in whome the infection had lyke matter to worke vpon And this is the cause why for the most part sorenesse blearenesse of the eyes vseth to come before a plague as Aphrodiseus wryteth Because sayth hée the plague is a disease of the spirites and when this troubled and corrupted spirite is caryed vp to the head it molesteth the eyes and hurteth them before any other thing for being subtile and moueable it goeth first vnto the eyes Not vnlike vnto this is that which Aristotle verie fitlye demaundeth howe it chaunceth that when euell tydinges or sorowfull newes are told vs wee suddeinly shake quiuer and the beholding of affections in other before our eyes bréede the like affections in vs also for when we sée another eate some sower thing our téeth waxe in an edge and if wee heare a sawe filed or a Pumice stone cut we tremble quake for cold The cause of al these as saith Aristotle is the spirite which entring within our senses moueth vs altering and many times extinguishing the spyrites which are within our bodyes howbeit then by lykelyhood proportion they should more easily chaunge the spirites which remaine in she heart Braine and Lyuer then in the vttermost part of the teeth But a man shall not easily perswade the common people ▪ or the newe wryters in this point as that the filthy stynking Kennels and durty places of the Citye doo onely hurt the Braine The Colicke whereof next after Hippocrates Paulus Aegineta maketh mencion in the yéere 1572 ▪ reygned generallye and dyd very much harme kylling many For all that were sicke of it fell into the Paulsie or falling sicknesse and many dyed thereof either in the fyt or not long after as I obserued it in the house of my good Lord and exhibitour and in the Monasterye of Casa dei or Gods house néere vnto our dwelling called Rugla for the Nūnes which dwelt there could not prouide for theyr health by any other meanes then by flight and chaunge of place And more then fiftéene yéere since this gréeuous disease much afflicted our cuntreymen and Citizens also and euen this last winter it wandred here amōg our next neighbours as it reygned at Abbeuille in the yeere of our Lorde 1554. of the cure whereof I meane Godwylling to intreate in my booke of diseases which came by inheritaunce And this much thou hast alreadye Louing Reader cōcerning the cause and place of the Pestilence and now harken farther to the signes and tokens thereof The. 6. Chap. IF the putrifaction of the corrupted ayre do take holde on the spirites the heat is not sharpe nor pricking the patiēts féele a greater heat in their breast then in any other part of the bodye the pulse is nothing weake but sumtime more quicke then it is woont but yet not to swift as when the imperfection is in the humours the vrine is lyke vnto the naturall there issueth no sweat but some moisture appeareth on the forehead and in the necke the tongue is drye and rough they thyrst not much nor tosse them selues hether thether because the naturall strength is whollye ouerthrowen they sowne often there appeareth vpon them neyther botche nor blaine nor Gods markes neyther haue they the laske but dye suddeinlie vnlesse they be well looked vnto at the fyrst assault of the sicknesse But when the putrifaction hath inuaded the sound substaunce of the heart then it bringeth a feuer as I haue sayd like to an Hecticke or a consuming feuer in which there is no great heate but that which is lurketh within consuming and putrefiing the substaunce of the heart burning it and all that is therein the pacients féele not themselues to be in an ague or to be sicke at all so sone as they haue eaten meate ▪ they fall into a colde sweat their pulse is indifferent almost naturall but sumdeale quicker and weaker theyr vrine is lyke ones in good health they raue not they are not troubled with the laske nor gréeued with any other accident The lyke plague vnto this raigned at Lions and Vienna in the yeere of our Lord. 1525. as Montuus reporteth If the pestilent ayre being drawne in at the nose or otherwyse haue possessed the braine the signes thereof are tremblinges and sadnesse the partye féeleth great paine

had the plague and dressed them Of this Medicine Marsilius Ficinus speaketh There is also another such medicine and it is Christialline and red Arsnick the effect whereof I learned at Argentine and Basil in the yeere of our Lord. 1564. at what tyme the plague raigned almost ouer all Germanie But for as much as Georgius Agricola in his thyrd booke of the nature of things digged out of the ground and after him Theodosius Montuus haue sufficiently disputed of this matter I wyll onelye set downe the receite of the Medicine which is after this maner Take Arsnick christalline and red of eche a lyke quantitie beate them into powder whereof with the white of an egge or the Mucciladge of Tragagant you shall make a lozenge a finger thicke then folde it in a double péece of silke applye it vnto the region of the hart but beware that the moyst Arsnicke exulcerate not the skin and therefore in the morning you must diligentlye wipe the place or at what tyme so euer else the pacient sweateth for which cause it were good to put a fayre linnen cloath betwéene The Arsnicke being applyed strengthneth as wel the heart as the Mylt as Trallianus writeth but it worketh not that effect of custome as Theodosius sayth Surely in this one point God wonderfullye declareth his prouidence when he teacheth vs to applye strong and deadlye poysons vnto our commoditie as Galen sheweth in the eleuenth booke of simple Medicines of the wine made of Uipers and our men of late tyme haue applyed the oyle of Scorpions in the cure of the plague with so good successe that onelye with the annointing of this oyle they dryue awaye the euyll qualitye of the pestilent ayre by example of them which haue gréeuous vlcers in theyr feete D. Ambrosius Pareus geueth this counsell that they which wyll goe visite the sicke of the plague shoulde fyrst make issues in theyr armes and legges bicause nature vseth to purge out by those places whatsoeuer venimous humour is in the whole bodye dryuing that thether whatsoeuer gathereth vnto any principall part Moreouer an oyntment made of Laserpitium the fat of venimous Serpentes and Uitrioll is much commended or if of these be made a broade cake and folded in sylke and layd vpon the heart and arteries I haue also vsed the Linament which foloweth not only in the Pestilence but also in the quiuering of the heart which is thus made Take of the iuce of Cardiaca one ounce of Camfire halfe a dram of Saffron one scruple with as muche waxe as sufficeth make thereof an oyntment and therewith anoynt the region of the heart or make an oyntment of the iuce of Buglosse Borage and Saffron There maye also be one made to the same effect of roses violets red Saunders Cinnamom Cloues Lauender Flowers Orenge pilles the wood Agallochum which is prepared in maner following Take of the three kindes of Saūders Roses Wormwood Agrimonie of eche halfe an ounce beate them into powder and boyle them ouer a softe fyre an houre an halfe then straine the liquour and wring it harde through a linnen cloth then seeth it againe ouer the fyre vntyll it come to the thicknesse of Honie then put thereto the iuce of Lettice smalledge wylde succorie of eche thrée drams Camfyre a dram and with a lytle waxe make thereof an oyntment and anoint therewith the region of the Liuer After this order the oyntments which are prepared I better lyke of not onely in the Pestilence but also in other continuall Feuers then if the pouders were put in whole for else howe could those thicke and grosse pouders mingled with the iuces and oiles doo any good vnto the place Lyke wise there maye be made semblable oyntmentes for the heart of the roote of Lormentill Zedoarie Roses such lyke It is good also to drop into the eare a twoo or thrée drops of the oyle of Sage or Cloues with a lytle Muske I prepare oyles for that purpose after this maner Take of Nutmegges one ounce Cloues and Cinamom of eche halfe an ounce drye Sage an ounce swéete Almondes twoo ounces make them all into pouder and sprincle them with Aqua vitae and presse it hard as you would do oyle of Almondes and vse it as is afore declared and with the same oyle you may anoynt your tēples and nostrels It is good also to kéepe a péece of the rinde of a Citron in the mouth or Cinamom Zedoarie Angelica or such lyke Our husbandmen in the Cuntreye smell vnto hearbe grace it were not a misse neyther to beare in a spunge to smell vnto Cinamom water rose vineger rose water or this sweet ball the discription wherof insueth Take roses Styrax calamite Cloues of eche twoo ounces Arrace rootes of Florence thrée ounces Muske twoo scruples of these make a swéete ball Some stiepe Cloues in vineger al night eate them in the morning and washe their face arme holes and priuie partes with vineger The Phisitions of Germanie shaue the roote of the great cloat leafe and stiepe it in vineger a night or more thē they roule it in Suger and geue it in the morning to preuent the plague But I vse to laye the same roote to sooke in whyte wine or wine of wormewood and in the morning geue it to drincke with Sugar The. 9. Chap. THose things which are receyued in at the mouth to preuent the sicknesse are partlye Medicines against poyson and infection and partlye purgatiue remedies for wée hope that such purgatiues are onely néedefull for this purpose as do clense the first region of the bodye without moouing the humours For we must take héede least by sharpe and strong purgations we cause a laske which were verye daungerous in this disease For in a pestilent constitucion the humors be mooued by the smallest occasion that maye bée and forciblye doo run downe into the bellie such purgatiues whereof we now speake are Rhabard Agarike made in infusion in the decoction of such hearbes as are naturall good against this infection adding thereto the Syrupe made by infusion of Damaske roses of Uiolets of Succorye compound and such other lyke as in respect of the age custome and temperament maye bée prescribed by the skilfull Phisition Howbeit for children I vse Rhabarb thus prepared Cut Rhabarb into small slices moysten them with the vapour of whyte wine then stiepe it with Cinamom a daye and a nyght in rose water in Sūmer but in Wynter in white Wine and rose water mingled togeather and when the Rhabarb hath lost his colour in the water then dreane that water awaye and put freshe too and thus shall you doo vntyll the Rhabarb coulour the water no more then take those couloured waters and boyle them to the one halfe ouer a good fire for temperate heate then put vnto this liquour Sugar or Honye and boyle it againe vnto the consistence of a Syrupe perfectly boiled and then put the slices of Rhabarb