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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14850	The rare and most vvonderfull things vvhich Edvv. VVebbe an Englishman borne, hath seene and passed in his troublesome trauailes in the cities of Ierusalem, Damasko, Bethlehem and Galely and in the landes of Iewrie, Egypt, Gracia, Russia, and Prester Iohn, vvherein is set forth his extreame slauery sustained many yeeres together in the gallies and warres of the great Turke, against the lands of Persia, Tartaria, Spaine, and Portugale.; Rare and most wonderfull things which Edward Webbe hath seene and passed.	Webbe, Edward, b. 1553 or 4.	1590 (1590)	STC 25152; ESTC S101834	15,304	30

commeth for the countrey is wonderfull cold and subiect to frosts there is a great hole made in the Ise ouer some great riuer and then the partie principall is first put in and after him his wife his children and all other his kinsfolkes and so leaue none of his posteritie to possesse his landes or goods but the same are bestowed vpon others at the Emperors pleasure There I stayed thrée yeares attendant on my Maister in which time the crym Tartarians otherwise named the new Christians made warre vpon the sayd citie of Musko which soone after was betrayed and spéedely burned the people in great aboundance massacred and the Tartarian souldiers had wonderfull rich spoyles in the same there was I at that time with seuen other Englishmen taken prisoners and for slaues were altogether conuayed to Caffa where the king of the Tartarians abideth and kéepeth a stately Court being conueyed thether we were set to wipe the féete of the kinges horses and to become ordinary slaues in the sayd Court to fetch water cleaue wood and to doe such other drudgerie There were we beaten thrée times a wéeke with a Bulls pissell or a horse tayle And in this sort and miserable seruitude wee stayed there fiue yeares then were we raunsomed from thence by our friends where we payde euery man thrée hundred crownes which is seuen shillings sixe pence a péece of currant English money Among that people called the Tartarians I noted specially this one thing that their children being new borne do neuer open their eyes vntill they be nine dayes and nine nights old Thus beeing ransomed as is aforesayd I returned home into England where hauing staied some small time I went againe into Russia in the Hart of maister Kings at Ratcliffe with thirtie sayle of ships more in our company at which ●a●e her Maiesties shippe cassed the Willoughby was our Admirall and the Harry appertayning to the company of the Marchantes was our vize-Admirall Master William Burrow then being our Captaine and master In which our voyage we met with fiue Rouers or men of warre whom we set vpon burnt their Admirall and brought those shippes into Narre and there the men were massacred in this manner by the Russians first great stakes stroken into the ground and they spitted vpon powles as a man would put a pigge vpon the spitte and so seuen score were handled in that manner in a very tyrannous sort We vnladed our burthen at Narre and tooke in other lading for our commodities but the ship wherein I was which was called the Hart hauing sayled but twelue miles from thence stroke vpon a rocke whereby the shippe and goods were lost the residew of the fléete had no harme and all the men in our ship saued their liues by taking them into the boate of the sayde shippe By meanes of which shippe so cast away I lost all that I had and then came againe into England and gathered a new stocke and in the Henrie of London I went to Leuanta alias Legorne This shippe called the Henrie had béene solde before to Doctor Hector and other Italian Marchants which was vnknowen vnto vs so that at our cōming to Legorne the ship was seased on by the factors of those that were the owners thereof and by them laden with marchandice to Alexandria in which shipp my selfe was master gunner Thus as I said before I remained sixe yeares in this miserable estate wonderfully beaten misused euery day there haue I séene of my fellowes when they haue béene so weake as they could not rowe by reason of sickenes and faintnes where the Turkes would laie vpon them as vpon Horses and beate them in such sort as oft times they died and then threw them into the Sea Thus séeing my selfe still to continue in this miserable state I was constrained for want of victuals to discouer my selfe and to shew them that I had good skill in Gunners Art which I thought would haue béen greatly well estéemed at the Turkes handes but then for the same I was more narrowly looked vnto yet somewhat better estéemed of then I was before Not long after the Turke made warres against the Persians and gathered 700. thousand men togither and these were conducted by his chiefe Bassaes into Persia. At which time for that had skill in Artillery I was chosen forth of the Gallies to goe with the Armye into Persia and there to doo the Turke seruice in the field with whom I traueiled on foote but in our going thither there died of our Armye by meanes of great sicknes disdiet and want of victuals about the number of 300. thousand so that when we came into Percia we were 400. thousand strong in the field there wée rested vs one moneth by which time wée hauing hartened our selues gaue a fierce assault vpon the Persians where the Turkes side got the worst and lost 60. thousand men Then the Generall ouer the Turkes Army whose name was Sannon Basha sent vs so many souldiers more as made vs 500. thousand strong there wée staied a long time making warres against the Persians and the great Citie of Damasko where the Turke litle preuailed for if the Turke were as polliticke as he is strong of power the Persians were not able to resist him Thus leauing the Turkes Army in Persia we came through Damasko to our Citie called the great Caier which Citie is thréescore miles in compasse and is the greatest Citie in the worlde it standeth vpon the Riuer of Nilo and in the saide Citie there are twelue thousād churches which they terme Muskots This Citie at all times kéepeth fortie thousand men continually in Souldiers pay and are readie at one houres warning to serue vnder the great Turke there we staied to sée the cutting or parting of the Riuer of Nilo which is done once euery yeare vpon the 25. day of August This Citie standeth in the land of Egypt and is vnder the gouernment of the great Turke And there is a king ouer the said Citie who is called the king of the great Caer and is the Uize Roy or Liefetenant to the great Turke and he is then present at the cutting of this riuer of Nilo at which time there is great triumph and euery Towne and Countrie round about to the valew of a thousand mile send gifts and presents to the King of the great Caer in consideration of the water which commeth to them from that Riuer of Nilo by meanes of the cutting of it which is but once euery yéere It is therefore to be knowne that in the land of Egypt it raineth not at all and all the grounde throughout the land of Egypt is continually watred by the water which vpon the 25. day of August is turned into the countries round about by meanes of the wonderfull growing and swelling of the water vpright without any staie at all on one side thereof to the height of a huge mountaine which beginneth to encrease the 15. day of August

THE Rare and most wonderfull things which Edw. Webbe an Englishman borne hath seene and passed in his troublesome trauailes in the Cities of Ierusalem Damasko Bethlehem and Galely and in the landes of Iewrie Egypt Grecia Russia and Prester Iohn Wherein is set forth his extreame slauery sustained many yeeres together in the Gallies and warres of the great Turke against the landes of Persia Tartaria Spaine and Portugale with the maner of his releasement and comming into England in May last Newly enlarged and corrected by the Author LONDON Printed for William Wright 1590. To the most Mighty my gratious and renowned Soueraine Elizabeth by the grace of God Queene of England France and Ireland defender of the fayth c. Your Highnesse most humble subiect Ed. Webbe heartily prayeth for the continuance of your Maiesties health and prosperous raigne to the worldes end COnsidering most gracious and dread Soueraigne the wonderfull prouidence of Almightye GOD shewed towardes your Highnesse since the time of your moste happy and prosperous raigne aswell in the preseruation of your Maiesties person from the handes of your Highnesse enemies as also in defending this smal Angle or Realme of England from the force of forraine foes and the continuall blessinges of peace and plenty with which euer since hee hath in bountifull sort maintayned it I could not therefore but according to my duety render humble thankes to almightie God for the same when to my great comfort euen in the middest of my grieuous thraldome in Turkey I heard it most truely reported by a Christian captiue and your Highnesse clemency by him highly commended The report of whose fame truely described aswell in the administration of Iustice and supporting of Christian religion as also in relieuing and succouring the poore distressed mēbers of this lande gaue mee iust cause to pray heartely for my deliuery and to long inwardly vntill I came to see your Highnesse my dreade Soueraine and this my natiue Countrey And now hauing obtayned my long expected wish I doe in all humblenesse prostrate my selfe and this plaine discourse of my trauels to your most excellent Maiestie wherein may bee seene that if in Turkey I would haue denied my Christ or in my trauaile would haue forsaken my Prince to haue serued for Spaine thereby to haue become a Traytour to your Maiesty my natiue Countrey I needed not to haue liued in want but in great prosperity But for asmuch as almightie God hath now set me fre from thraldome and deliuered me from many daungers and sent me into England my desire is that I may be employed in such seruice and affaires as may be pleasing to God and found profitable to my Prince and Countrey And thus trusting your Highnes will accept in good worth this true discourse though rudelie penned I humbly take my leaue praying for the prosperous health and continuall raigne of your most excellent Maiesty Your Highnesse most humble subiect Edward Webbe The Epistle to the Reader CUrteous Reader I haue vndertaken in this short discourse to vtter the moste part of such things as I saw and passed in the time of my troublesome trauaile and slauish life sustained in the Gallies and warres of the great Turke And this I protest that in this booke there is nothing mentioned or expressed but that which is of truth and what mine owne eyes haue perfectly séene Some foolish persons perhaps wil cauil say that these are lies and fained fables and that it conteineth nothing else but to those I answere that what soeuer is herein mentioned he whosoeuer he be that shall so finde fault and doubt of the trueth hereof let him but come and conferre with me or make enquiry of the best and greatest Trauellers and Marchantes about all this land and they doubtles shall be resolued that this is true which is here expressed with a great deale more which now I cannot call to remembrance for that my memorie faileth me by meanes of my great and gréeuous troubles And whereas in the first edition of this booke a great fault in number did negligently escape in Folio 3. in these wordes 30. thousand for 300. thousand and 50. thousand for 500. thousand that fault is truely amended in this Edition From my lodging at Black-wall this ninetéenth of May 1590. Your louing Countrey man Edward Webbe Verses written vpon the Alphabet of the Queenes Maiesties name Eternall God who guideth still your grace Lengthen your life in health and happie state Inspire your subiects hearts in euerie place Zealous in loue and free from secret hate And shorten life in those that breed debate Behold her Lord who is our strength and stay Euen she it is by whom we hold our owne Turne not thy face from her in any way Hew downe her foes and let them all be knowne Renowmed Queene your Highnesse subiects ioy Eeuen for to see the fall of all your foes God of his mercy shield you from annoy Intended treasons still for to disclose None of vs all but will most duly pray Almightie God preserue you night and day FINIS E. Webb his trauailes I Edwarde Webbe an Englishman borne at Saint Katherins néere the tower of London was the sonne of one Richard Webb master gunner of England my father hauing some naturall affection to me when I was but xij yeares old did preferre mee to the seruice of Captaine Ienkenson at such time as he was sent ambassadour into Russia with whom I went by sea and vpon him I was daily attendant in which my iourney I was conuersant among the people of that countrey which were apparelled like to the Turkes and Tartarians with furde caps long garments downe to their shinnes much like to Carbines or Horsemen readie to the warre There I made my abode some space in the head citie of Russia called Musko in which their building is all of firre except the Emperours Court which is of lime and stone They execute very sharpe lawes among themselues and are a kinde of tyrannous people as appeareth by their customes of which among many other these I speacially noted viz. that if any man be indebted one to another and doth not make payment at his day and time appointed the officers may enter vppon the debters and forceably breake downe their houses and imprison them in grieuous sort where iudgement shall presently passe against him which is with a mallet of wood he shall haue so many blowes on the shins or on the forehead as the Iudge shall award and this punishment shall be inflicted sundrie dayes vpon him The Turkes also vseth to beate debters with a mallet but not in that sort for in Turkey they are beaten for debt vpon the soles of the féete with a Cane or cudgel if paiment be not made by a day I also noted that if any noble man offend the Emperour of Russia the sayde Noble man is taken and imprisoned with all his children and kinsfolkes and the first great frost that

of my troublesome trauel One thing did greatly comfort me which I saw long since in Sicilia in the citie of Palerms a thing worthie of memorie where the right honourable the Earle of Oxenford a famous man for Chiualrie at what time he trauailed into forraine countries being then personally present made there a challeng against all manner of persons whatsoeuer and at all manner of weapons as Turniments Barriors with horse and armour to fight and combat with any whatsoeuer in the defence of his Prince and countrie for which he was very highly commended and yet no man durst be so hardie to encounter with him so that all Italy ouer he is acknowledged euer since for the same the onely Chiuallier and Noble man of England This title they giue vnto him as worthely deserued Moreouer in the land of Egypt néere to the Riuer of Nilo within sixe miles of the gran Caer. There are seuen Mountaines builded on the out side like vnto the point of a Diamond which mountaines were builded in King Pharaos time to kéepe corne in and they are mountaines of great strength It is said that they were builded about that time when Ioseph did lade home his brethrens Asses with corne in the time of the great dearth mentioned in the scripture At which time all their corne lay in those mountaines In the riuer of Nilo there is long fishes of tenne or twelue foot long which swimmeth néere the shore they are called the fishes of King Pharao they are like vnto a Dolphin These fishes are so subtil that swimming néere the shore side they will pull men or women suddenly into the riuer and deuoure them In the citie of the gran Caer the houses are of a verie olde building all of lime and stone and in most of the houses the roofes are couered with fine golde in a very workmanly sort In Egypt there is small store of water because it neuer raineth in that countrie so that their water is very daungerous to drinke They haue no springs at all in that countrie and yet there falleth such a dew euery night as doth refresh and kéepe their hearbes and plants in due sort and makes them spring very fruitfully The people of those countries before mentioned are for the most part of a reasonable stature yet of a brounish and swart complexion their women goe muffled and generally in the land of Iewry they weare hye stéepled hats much like vnto the forme of a suger loafe The citie of Damasco is very fruitfull and greatly replenished with all maner of fruites whatsoeuer as Pombgranades Oringes Limons Apples Peares Plumbes Grapes and all other like fruites The Turkes are a people that at some time they will attempt to doe wonderfull thinges as going vpon Ropes and thrusting their swords into their naked flesh and sticke their swordes in their flesh like vnto a Scabbard and many other thinges of great daunger In Turkey no man may strike the gran Cadie that is their chiefest iudge if any man doo strike him he loseth his right arme for his labour without redemption At my comming ouer into England from Rome I was fame to steale away being then reteined in yéerly fée to the King of Spaine to be one of his chéefest Gunners And if the Ship wherein I came ouer had béen taken both they and I my selfe had died for that offence The old Citie of Ierusalem is a verie desolate place nothing to be séene but a litle of the olde walles which is yet remaining and all the rest is grasse mosse and wéedes like to a péece of ranke or moist ground They haue no tillage in those parts The Citie of Ierusalem where the Temple standeth is almost a mile from the olde walles of Ierusalem it is of a very old building and there standeth all the olde relikes preserued and kept as monuments of great treasure Now to returne where I left of and declare vnto you wherin I employed my selfe since my comming into England here I visited my friendes from May till Nouember and then departed into Fraunce where I had entertainment at the handes of the renowmed king and captaine of this age Henry of Burbon king of France and Nauarre who receiued me into pay and appointed me his maister Gunner in the field It is to be remembred that at this great battaile I made one shot of such an accustomed mixture that did slay the Kinges enimies in great aboundance whereat the enimies greatly wondered considering they could neither find bullet chaineshot nor could sée any other thing more then plaine pouder and yet the people straungely slaine out right and lay dead in great aboundance At my departure forth of Fraunce the Kinges Secretary gaue me certaine letters of cōmendation to beare with me to the States of England wherein was declared my good seruice and how willing he was still to haue employed me in his warres and would haue giuen mee sufficient rewardes if with him I would haue remained but being sent for to come againe into my natiue countrie to the intent to be employed in her Maiesties affaires I could doe no lesse but make hast towardes England to take in hand any seruice which I were able to performe At which time I being in the French Kinges Court and ready to depart towards England there came certain newes to the King from Roane that Monsieur de Lego Captaine of the Castle in the saide towne of Roane with sundry other Protestants being gentlemen and gentlewomen of good account had conspired against the traitorous Leagers that doe there rebelliously withstand the King and had yéelded vp the Castle with the keyes vnto a Captaine of great courage to the vse of the French King whereupon all the power this Captaine could make was not able to kéepe it aboue halfe a day for the Kings power lay farre from the same yet vpon the suddaine they made towards Roane so fast as they might But all they did was in vaine for before the Kings force could get within sixe myles of the saide towne the enimy had wonne it againe by force of cannon shot and tooke sundry persons as prisoners which they found in the said Castle and apprehended sundry other in the town which consented thereunto Among whom was a Lady and her thrée waiting gentlewomen who were by the leager and traitours to the King taken and imprisoned The Captaine of the saide Castle perceiving that the enimie would haue grieuously tormented him stoode vpon battelments of the said castle and fought very valiantly and would not yéeld nor suffer him selfe to be taken by no meanes but after he had slaine with his owne handes about fourtéene or fiftéene seuerail persons he séeing the enimie come in great aboundance vpon him thereby entending to take him suddenly flung his weapons at them and without any regarde of sauing his life wilfully flung him selfe headlong ouer the castle wall and thereby broake his necke The rest were grieuously tormented and put to death for consenting thereunto But it gréeueth me to reporte the extreame tyranny which those Traitorous Leagers inflicted vpon the Lady aforesaid and her three waiting Maides onely for deliuering the keyes which they had in their custody These were massacred in this manner first they were all stripped naked in a fielde wherein they were executed they were all seuerally by the hands and legges bound to the feet of foure sundry horses prouided for that purpose and euery one being made fast vpon a suddaine to the horses some whipped each horse forward and then with axes swordes and hatchets quartered them aliue which reporte when the King vnderstoode thereof hee vowed to reuenge their death vpon those tyrannous Tormentors Thus haue you heard the manner of my tedious and grieuous trauaile my miserie slauerie and captiuitie which I suffered therein the manner of some olde monuments and the customes of such as dwell in forraine Nations farre off and in places where our Sauiour and his Apostles were resident and preached vpon the earth my seruices done vnder the great Turke in Persia Tartaria Grecia and places of seruice I omit herein my seruice at the taking of Tunnys and what I did in the Royle vnder don Iohn de Austria and many other thinges which I could here discouer vnto you onely let this suffise that I shall be glad and do daily desire that I may be imployed in some such seruice as may be profitable to my Prince and Countrie FINIS