of_o the_o famous_a mithradates_n march_v against_o aretas_n the_o king_n of_o the_o arab_n appian_n call_v he_o king_n of_o the_o nabataean_a arab_n ann_n v._o c._n 690._o ante_fw-la christum_fw-la 63._o his_o kingdom_n reach_v from_o the_o river_n euphrates_n to_o the_o red_a sea_n say_v dio_n l._n 36._o in_o which_o compass_n palmyra_n must_v be_v include_v this_o aretas_n be_v doubtless_o one_o of_o the_o al-hariths_a of_o the_o arabian_n who_o be_v king_n of_o gessan_n and_o in_o late_a age_n lord_n of_o taahmur_n after_o which_o time_n i_o believe_v it_o acknowledge_v the_o roman_a power_n but_o be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o law_n have_v under_o its_o immediate_a jurisdiction_n beside_o the_o three_o city_n on_o the_o river_n already_o mention_v twelve_o more_o in_o the_o inland_n of_o syria_n when_o trajan_n make_v his_o glorious_a expedition_n into_o persia_n i_o conjecture_v palmyra_n be_v a_o sufferer_n in_o the_o common_a calamity_n of_o that_o country_n for_o pliny_n say_v it_o be_v sometime_o in_o the_o roman_a at_o other_o in_o the_o parthian_a interest_n or_o else_o it_o will_v not_o have_v need_v hadrian_n assistance_n to_o rebuild_v and_o beautify_v it_o while_o other_o city_n taste_v of_o trajan_n bounty_n for_o from_o trajan_n expedition_n in_o the_o 8_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n of_o christ_n 105._o the_o inhabitant_n of_o bozra_n and_o petra_n date_v their_o write_n say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a chronicle_n l._n 3._o p._n 105._o and_o zosimus_n affirm_v that_o at_o zaragardia_n not_o far_o from_o the_o euphrates_n on_o the_o persian_a side_n in_o his_o time_n there_o stand_v a_o noble_a throne_n build_v of_o stone_n which_o the_o native_n call_v trajan_n throne_n erect_v i_o doubt_v not_o in_o memory_n of_o his_o illustrious_a achievement_n in_o that_o country_n but_o whatever_o palmyra_n may_v have_v suffer_v under_o trajan_n be_v repair_v by_o his_o successor_n who_o give_v the_o city_n his_o own_o name_n and_o they_o in_o gratitude_n make_v vow_n for_o his_o recovery_n not_o in_o the_o last_o the_o 19_o of_o his_o reign_n as_o through_o haste_n be_v say_v f._n 35_o 36._o he_o reign_v almost_o 22_o year_n but_o in_o the_o seventeen_o from_o which_o sickness_n he_o recover_v to_o die_v afterward_o in_o great_a torment_n and_o this_o i_o mention_v here_o that_o i_o may_v correct_v the_o mistake_n in_o the_o history_n to_o this_o city_n septimius_n severus_n may_v also_o be_v presume_v a_o benefactor_n to_o who_o before_o his_o famous_a expedition_n against_o the_o parthian_n sparta_n vit_fw-mi septim_fw-la p._n 67._o when_o he_o rout_v niger_n with_o who_o the_o arab_n parthian_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o adiabene_n join_v their_o force_n the_o republic_a give_v their_o assistance_n against_o the_o ally_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o adopt_v his_o name_n into_o their_o most_o eminent_a family_n after_o which_o time_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o zenobia_n i_o take_v they_o to_o have_v be_v in_o confederacy_n with_o and_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n for_o they_o assist_v both_o alexander_n severus_n and_o gordian_n in_o their_o expedition_n into_o the_o east_n against_o the_o persian_n as_o the_o inscription_n testify_v only_o it_o look_v probable_a that_o upon_o the_o captivity_n of_o valerian_n the_o senate_n for_o a_o while_o dissemble_v their_o interest_n and_o acknowledge_v the_o power_n of_o sapores_fw-la in_o the_o battle_n at_o immae_n where_o zenobia_n be_v rout_v s._n hierom_n affirm_v that_o pompeianus_n the_o frank_n settle_v at_o antioch_n but_o the_o family_n be_v unquestionable_o fix_v in_o that_o country_n long_o before_o capitol_n marcus_n for_o when_o marcus_n the_o philosopher_n undertake_v the_o german_a war_n he_o marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o claudius_n pompeianus_n who_o be_v of_o antioch_n this_o also_o i_o mention_v to_o correct_v another_o mistake_n after_o the_o captivity_n of_o zenobia_n the_o city_n be_v a_o spectacle_n of_o pity_n but_o be_v a_o necessary_a frontier_n be_v repair_v and_o in_o dioclesian_n time_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n in_o the_o day_n of_o constantius_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v note_v as_o now_o for_o great_a robber_n p._n 8._o say_v the_o old_a geographer_n set_v out_o by_o gothofred_n and_o govern_v by_o woman_n but_o that_o i_o take_v for_o grant_v be_v a_o error_n as_o if_o when_o zenobia_n have_v begin_v to_o wield_v a_o sceptre_n none_o but_o her_o own_o sex_n in_o that_o country_n dare_v pretend_v to_o command_v malel_n part_n 2._o p._n 39_o theodosius_n the_o great_a divide_a libanesia_n from_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o phoenicia_n and_o make_v it_o a_o distinct_a province_n emesa_n be_v the_o metropolis_n under_o who_o jurisdiction_n palmyra_n be_v put_v and_o so_o continue_v when_o the_o follower_n of_o mahomet_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o that_o country_n and_o for_o many_o century_n after_o for_o in_o abulfedas_n time_n above_o 1300_o after_o christ_n tadhmur_v acknowledge_v hem_n emesa_n its_o metropolis_n and_o probable_o it_o be_v so_o after_o his_o time_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o same_o theodosius_n if_o p._n 28._o ed._n gron._n ethicus_n or_o whoever_o go_v under_o that_o name_n live_v in_o those_o day_n or_o before_o for_o st._n hierome_n be_v say_v to_o have_v translate_v he_o palmyra_n be_v reckon_v among_o the_o famous_a town_n of_o the_o east_n as_o it_o be_v also_o by_o p._n 8._o julius_n honorius_n who_o live_v before_o theodoric_n for_o cassiodore_n mention_n he_o palmira_n damascus_fw-la read_v palmyra_n damascus_n and_o the_o author_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a chronicon_fw-la among_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o the_o four_o climate_n reckon_v palmyra_n with_o apamea_n emesa_n etc._n etc._n in_o caele_n syria_n in_o justinian_n time_n it_o become_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o east_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o constantinopolitan_a empire_n but_o it_o be_v probable_a do_v not_o continue_v long_o in_o that_o state_n for_o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 640._o when_o heraclius_n be_v emperor_n jabalah_n the_o son_n of_o al_n iham_n be_v king_n of_o gassan_n and_o lord_n of_o tadhmur_n perhaps_o a_o tributary_n to_o heraclius_n who_o be_v overcome_v by_o omar_n the_o caliph_n one_o of_o mahomet_n successor_n submit_v and_o turn_v mahometan_n but_o repent_v he_o afterward_o go_v to_o constantinople_n pococ_fw-la not_o in_o specim_fw-la hist_o ar._n p._n 77_o 136._o and_o become_v a_o christian_a and_o at_o this_o time_n i_o believe_v mahometanism_n settle_v itself_o at_o tadhmur_n the_o tribe_n of_o gassan_n be_v before_o those_o day_n christian_n i_o shall_v not_o particular_o undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o usefulness_n of_o coin_n and_o inscription_n the_o learned_a world_n have_v be_v already_o full_o convince_v of_o that_o truth_n how_o many_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a passage_n in_o chronology_n have_v be_v set_v in_o their_o due_a light_n how_o many_o series_n of_o king_n have_v be_v regular_o deduce_v what_o rite_n and_o custom_n both_o sacred_a and_o civil_a have_v be_v by_o those_o help_v discover_v needs_o no_o further_a proof_n though_o be_v there_o nothing_o else_o at_o palmyra_n to_o be_v see_v but_o the_o noble_a ruin_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o palace_n build_v according_a to_o the_o best_a and_o bold_a rule_n of_o the_o ancient_a architecture_n i_o shall_v think_v a_o journey_n thither_o on_o that_o errand_n alone_o worth_a the_o undertake_n and_o though_o the_o old_a of_o the_o palmyrene_n inscription_n be_v a_o hundred_o year_n young_a than_o our_o bless_a saviour_n incarnation_n as_o i_o have_v make_v appear_v in_o the_o commentary_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o so_o contemptible_a as_o some_o have_v imagine_v but_o afford_v we_o some_o memorial_n of_o those_o time_n which_o no_o where_n else_o occur_v and_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n the_o use_n of_o the_o greek_a ε_n which_o appear_v not_o till_o about_o domitian_n time_n by_o which_o i_o postpone_v the_o old_a inscription_n at_o tadhmur_n a_o hundred_o year_n may_v we_o prove_v the_o spuriousness_n of_o that_o table_n preserve_v at_o rome_n which_o be_v report_v to_o contain_v the_o very_a title_n which_o by_o pilat_n order_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o cross_n of_o our_o lord_n for_o therein_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v write_v with_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o ε._n it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o in_o the_o palmyrene_n inscription_n be_v some_o peculiar_a word_n which_o occur_v not_o in_o the_o lexica_fw-la as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v more_o in_o other_o old_a marble_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o wonder_n that_o in_o a_o remote_a part_n of_o syria_n where_o a_o different_a language_n be_v speak_v pric_n in_o apul._n apolog._n p._n 67._o de_fw-fr foedere_fw-la hierapytniorum_fw-la &_o priansens_n sciunt_fw-la doctiores_fw-la usquequo_fw-la huc_fw-la progredi_fw-la licet_fw-la scripta_fw-la hoc_fw-la genus_fw-la non_fw-la
say_v l._n 19_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n be_v as_o extravagant_a as_o those_o of_o a_o mother_n for_o a_o only_a son_n the_o epistle_n send_v from_o alexandria_n to_o give_v notice_n that_o osiris_n or_o adonis_n be_v find_v be_v mention_v say_v the_o father_n by_o the_o prophet_n isaiah_n 18.2_o wo_n to_o the_o land_n that_o send_v their_o ambassador_n by_o the_o sea_n in_o vessel_n of_o bulrush_n upon_o the_o water_n or_o as_o the_o septuagint_n more_o pertinent_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o mournful_a solemnity_n by_o the_o prophet_n ezekiel_n 8.14_o who_o among_o the_o abominable_a idolatry_n of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o jew_n mention_n the_o woman_n weep_v for_o thammûz_n cyril_n in_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ità _fw-la &_o procop._n in_o loc_n &_o theodorit_n in_o ezek._n 8._o hieron_n ib._n stephan_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d procop._n ubi_fw-la supr_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o from_o egypt_n the_o superstition_n spread_v itself_o over_o all_o the_o neighbour_a country_n over_o phoenicia_n syria_n and_o cyprus_n who_o challenge_v the_o mock_n deity_n for_o their_o own_o nor_o do_v the_o peculiar_a people_n of_o god_n the_o israelite_n escape_v the_o infection_n but_o they_o also_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o madness_n the_o old_a arabian_a zabii_n say_v ben_n maimon_n affirm_v that_o in_o that_o night_n in_o which_o thammùz_n be_v slay_v all_o the_o idol_n that_o be_v in_o the_o world_n meet_v at_o babylon_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n who_o relate_v to_o they_o what_o have_v befall_v thammûz_n whereupon_o the_o image_n weep_v and_o lament_v all_o night_n and_o the_o next_o morning_n every_o one_o of_o they_o fly_v back_o to_o his_o old_a station_n from_o whence_o say_v he_o come_v the_o custom_n of_o mourn_v early_o in_o the_o morning_n over_o thammûz_n in_o the_o month_n call_v by_o his_o name_n the_o month_n thammûz_n ses_fw-fr st._n hierome_n answer_v to_o our_o june_n and_o the_o jewish_a astronomer_n call_v the_o sun_n entrance_n into_o cancer_n thekupha_n thammuz_o the_o revolution_n or_o period_n of_o thammuz_n the_o whole_a feast_n be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o death_n of_o the_o mock_n god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o search_n after_o he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o findhim_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o festival_n have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o old_a calendar_n gruter_n 138_o 139._o in_o which_o we_o find_v isid_n aavigium_n not_o lavatio_fw-la as_o vrsinus_n read_v it_o but_o navigium_fw-la as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v read_v and_o in_o another_o month_n heurisis_n v._o macrob._n saturnal_a l._n 1._o c._n 21._o the_o whole_a have_v its_o mythological_a moral_a for_o by_o adonis_n osiris_n and_o thammuz_n be_v mean_v the_o sun_n who_o when_o the_o summer_n solstice_n be_v past_a move_v backward_o towards_o the_o south_n seem_v to_o have_v deprive_v the_o northern_a hemisphere_n of_o his_o presence_n and_o influence_n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o l._n 4._o c._n 14._o julius_n pollux_n say_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o phoenicia_n call_v adonis_n gingras_n probable_o from_o the_o name_n of_o a_o pipe_n make_v of_o the_o bone_n of_o a_o goose-leg_n which_o they_o use_v in_o his_o solemnity_n which_o make_v a_o very_a melancholy_n and_o sorrowful_a music_n and_o they_o have_v a_o dance_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o first_o inventor_n of_o husbandry_n who_o die_v in_o the_o summertime_n as_o he_o be_v hunt_v and_o who_o be_v honour_v yearly_o with_o a_o mournful_a song_n by_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o country_n who_o at_o that_o time_n use_v to_o sow_v their_o wheat_n and_o barley_n in_o the_o field_n near_o the_o city_n say_v the_o scholiast_n on_o therocritus_n accompany_v by_o as_o doleful_a instrumental_a music_n the_o custom_n still_o in_o use_n at_o aleppo_n of_o frequent_v the_o river_n at_o this_o festival_n i_o presume_v have_v its_o original_a also_o in_o egypt_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n pay_v a_o peculiar_a veneration_n to_o the_o water_n of_o nilus_n as_o st._n athanasius_n who_o be_v bear_v there_o affirm_v and_o lactantius_n add_v that_o they_o worship_v the_o river_n yearly_a because_o there_o isis_n begin_v her_o search_n of_o osiris_n that_o all_o this_o pomp_n be_v old_a than_o the_o jewish_a captivity_n the_o holy_a writ_n aver_v it_o last_v to_o the_o day_n of_o plutarch_n and_o the_o astronomer_n ptolomee_o who_o mention_v it_o as_o do_v almost_o all_o the_o old_a apologist_n for_o christianity_n julius_n pollux_n enumerate_v the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o mourn_a in_o the_o reign_n of_o commodus_n and_o lucian_n aver_v that_o he_o see_v one_o of_o those_o little_a ark_n that_o bring_v the_o letter_n from_o alexandria_n float_v into_o the_o harbour_n while_o he_o be_v at_o byblus_n the_o practice_n continue_v in_o egypt_n when_o cyril_n be_v patriarch_n there_o about_o the_o year_n 440_o after_o christ_n and_o in_o phoenicia_n in_o the_o time_n of_o procopius_n of_o gaza_n who_o live_v above_o a_o 100_o year_n after_o cyril_n and_o to_o this_o day_n be_v in_o use_n at_o aleppo_n as_o my_o honour_a friend_n inform_v i_o and_o probable_o in_o some_o other_o city_n of_o that_o country_n i_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o make_v this_o digression_n which_o be_v not_o disagreeable_a to_o my_o subject_n and_o if_o the_o reader_n who_o i_o earnest_o desire_v to_o correct_v the_o errata_fw-la before_o he_o begin_v the_o book_n find_v any_o advantage_n by_o the_o undertake_n i_o shall_v not_o think_v my_o time_n ill_o employ_v the_o content_n of_o the_o several_a chapter_n in_o the_o history_n chap._n 1._o the_o building_n of_o tadmur_n by_o solomon_n page_n 3_o chap._n 2._o the_o situation_n product_v and_o inhabitant_n p._n 6._o chap._n 3._o the_o commerce_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o city_n p._n 11._o chap._n 4._o the_o civil_a government_n of_o the_o city_n from_o solmon_n be_v time_n p._n 16._o chap._n 5._o the_o religion_n and_o ecclesiastical_a government_n p._n 19_o chap._n 6._o it_o be_v several_a fortune_n from_o its_o foundation_n to_o alexander_n the_o great_a p._n 24._o chap._n 7._o it_o be_v state_n under_o the_o king_n of_o syria_n to_o augustus_n p._n 26._o chap._n 8._o it_o be_v condition_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o augustus_n to_o hadrian_n p._n 28._o chap._n 9_o the_o state_n of_o the_o city_n under_o hadrian_n p._n 33._o chap._n 10._o it_o be_v several_a fortune_n from_o hadrian_n to_o gallienus_n p._n 38._o chap._n 11._o the_o life_n and_o athievement_n of_o odenathus_n p._n 42._o chap._n 12._o the_o state_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n at_o that_o time_n with_o a_o continuation_n of_o the_o act_n of_o odenathus_n p._n 47._o chap._n 13._o the_o folly_n and_o stupidity_n of_o gallienus_n with_o the_o victory_n of_o odenathus_n over_o the_o persian_n p._n 53._o chap._n 14._o the_o victory_n of_o odenathus_n over_o quietus_n and_o balista_n p._n 60._o chap._n 15._o the_o murder_n of_o odenathus_n the_o short_a reign_n of_o maeonius_n with_o his_o character_n p._n 66._o chap._n 16._o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n valerian_n p._n 70._o chap._n 17._o the_o original_a and_o birth_n of_o zenobia_n p._n 76._o chap._n 18._o her_o learning_n magnificence_n and_o virtue_n p._n 80._o chap._n 19_o the_o religion_n of_o zenobia_n p._n 85._o chap._n 20._o her_o courage_n and_o bravery_n p._n 89._o chap._n 21._o her_o illustrious_a atchivement_n victory_n over_o heraclian_n and_o conquest_n of_o egypt_n p._n 94._o chap._n 22._o the_o reign_n of_o aurelian_a the_o battle_n of_o imma_n p._n 100_o chap._n 23._o the_o fatal_a battle_n of_o emesa_n the_o siege_n of_o palmyra_n p._n 105._o chap._n 24._o palmyra_n take_v zenobia_n make_v a_o prisoner_n p._n 111._o chap._n 25._o zenobia_n be_v minister_n slay_v and_o among_o they_o longinus_n p._n 115._o chap._n 26._o the_o rebellion_n of_o the_o palmyrenian_o the_o city_n destroy_v by_o aurelian_a p._n 117._o chap._n 27._o the_o history_n of_o firmius_n zenobia_n be_v confederate_a p._n 121._o chap._n 28._o the_o account_n of_o zenobia_n till_o aurelian_a be_v triumph_v p._n 124._o chap._n 29._o the_o triumph_n of_o aurelian_a over_o zenobia_n and_o tetricus_n p._n 127._o chap._n 30._o the_o history_n of_o zenobia_n after_o the_o triumph_n till_o her_o death_n with_o a_o account_n of_o her_o family_n p._n 133._o chap._n 31._o the_o murder_n of_o aurelian_a p._n 136._o chap._n 32._o the_o state_n of_o palmyra_n under_o dioclesian_n p._n 140._o chap._n 33._o the_o history_n of_o palmyra_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o honorius_n to_o justinian_n p._n 150._o chap._n 34._o the_o state_n of_o palmyra_n from_o justinian_n to_o the_o present_a age_n p._n 153._o in_o the_o appendix_n the_o inscription_n p._n 163._o chap._n 1._o of_o the_o name_n tadmur_n and_o palmyra_n p._n 175._o
chap._n 2._o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n p._n 187._o chap._n 3._o of_o the_o public_a officer_n p._n 197._o chap._n 4._o of_o their_o idolatry_n and_o superstition_n p._n 241._o chap._n 5._o a_o account_n of_o vaballathus_n p._n 272._o chap._n 6._o the_o history_n of_o longinus_n p._n 287._o chap._n 7._o the_o commentary_n on_o the_o inscription_n p._n 295._o a_o view_n of_o the_o ruin_n of_o palmyra_n alias_o tadmor_n take_v on_o the_o southern_a side_n the_o history_n of_o palmyra_n history_n of_o remote_a country_n and_o strange_a revolution_n have_v be_v always_o entertain_v with_o respect_n and_o the_o pleasure_n of_o see_v at_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n and_o hear_v of_o dismal_a catastrophe_n wherein_o we_o have_v no_o other_o immediate_a share_n but_o that_o of_o wonder_n and_o pity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o mean_a satisfaction_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n life_n since_o every_o turn_v of_o providence_n in_o a_o foreign_a nation_n every_o new_a scene_n of_o prosperity_n or_o adversity_n be_v a_o lesson_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o best_a rule_n of_o behaviour_n both_o for_o a_o public_a and_o private_a capacity_n be_v deducible_a from_o such_o remarkable_a occurrence_n and_o among_o all_o the_o great_a revolution_n that_o have_v call_v for_o the_o astonishment_n and_o commiseration_n of_o mankind_n the_o several_a fortune_n of_o palmyra_n be_v not_o the_o least_o remarkable_a a_o country_n far_o distant_a from_o our_o region_n distinguish_v by_o nature_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n by_o a_o separate_a situation_n and_o a_o empire_n that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n overran_a all_o the_o east_n baffle_v the_o force_n of_o the_o persian_n subdue_v egypt_n and_o make_v all_o asia_n to_o the_o hellespont_n tremble_v but_o in_o a_o few_o month_n afterward_o be_v strip_v of_o all_o its_o grandeur_n and_o by_o degree_n reduce_v to_o the_o low_a state_n of_o poverty_n as_o it_o be_v this_o day_n of_o this_o country_n i_o intend_v to_o treat_v of_o its_o founder_n and_o antiquity_n its_o situation_n and_o plenty_n its_o government_n ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a and_o its_o several_a fortune_n and_o condition_n as_o far_o as_o my_o read_n will_v assist_v i_o till_o some_o more_o able_a critic_n shall_v undertake_v the_o task_n and_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o such_o a_o account_n of_o the_o place_n as_o the_o ancient_n furnish_v we_o with_o chap._n i._n when_o solomon_n have_v finish_v his_o stupendous_a temple_n at_o jerusalem_n which_o better_o deserve_v to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o world_n wonder_n than_o that_o at_o ephesus_n and_o the_o noble_a palace_n which_o he_o build_v for_o himself_o 4._o 1_o king_n 9.10_o 18._o 2_o chron._n 8.3_o 4._o in_o the_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o make_v war_n against_o hamath-zobah_a which_o have_v be_v subdue_v by_o david_n but_o revolt_v and_o have_v conquer_v it_o he_o build_v tadmor_n in_o the_o wilderness_n the_o upper_a and_o nether_a bethhoron_n baalath_n and_o all_o the_o store-city_n which_o he_o strong_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o gate_n and_o bar_n they_o be_v his_o frontier_n town_n and_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o vast_a empire_n 9.26_o 2_o chron._n 9.26_o for_o he_o reign_v over_o all_o the_o king_n from_o the_o river_n euphrates_n to_o the_o land_n of_o the_o philistine_n and_o to_o the_o border_n of_o egypt_n 4.24_o 1_o king_n 4.24_o from_o tiphsac_n even_o to_o azzah_n i._n e._n from_o gaza_n to_o thapsachus_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o pass_n over_o the_o euphrates_n the_o arabic_a translator_n of_o 2_o chron._n 8.3_o imply_v that_o tadmor_n be_v a_o city_n before_o solomon_n time_n and_o that_o he_o only_o re-edify_v it_o that_o it_o be_v a_o metropolis_n of_o old_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o latter_a time_n and_o have_v many_o town_n under_o its_o jurisdiction_n nor_o be_v it_o altogether_o improbable_a those_o part_n of_o the_o world_n near_o the_o place_n where_o the_o ark_n rest_v after_o the_o deluge_n cease_v be_v first_o people_v the_o arabic_a historian_n 53._o historian_n verse_n poc._n p._n 53._o abulfarajus_fw-la say_v that_o solomon_n in_o the_o twenty_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n have_v destroy_v the_o city_n of_o antioch_n build_v seven_o city_n in_o its_o stead_n of_o which_o tadmor_n be_v one_o but_o the_o fabulous_a historian_n of_o antioch_n 152._o antioch_n par._n 1._o p._n 185._o &_o par._n 2._o p._n 152._o john_n matela_n averr_v that_o the_o foundation_n of_o palmyra_n be_v lay_v in_o the_o same_o place_n in_o which_o david_n slay_v goliath_n and_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n with_o his_o own_o sword_n and_o that_o king_n solomon_n in_o memory_n of_o this_o great_a victory_n build_v a_o noble_a city_n there_o and_z from_o the_o fate_n of_o the_o giant_n call_v it_o palmyra_n while_o 2._o while_o antiq._n l._n 8._o c._n 2._o josephus_n thus_o inform_v we_o that_o solomon_n after_o he_o have_v build_v gazara_n which_o pharaoh_n have_v take_v it_o from_o the_o philistine_n give_v to_o his_o daughter_n not_o far_o from_o it_o build_v two_o city_n betachora_n and_o bale_v with_o other_o place_n to_o which_o he_o may_v retire_v for_o his_o pleasure_n that_o he_o may_v enjoy_v a_o temperate_a air_n excellent_a fruit_n and_o pleasant_a stream_n from_o whence_o he_o pass_v into_o the_o desert_n above_o syria_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o great_a city_n which_o 47._o which_o hier._n in_o ezek._n 47._o he_o beautify_v with_o extraordinary_a building_n two_o day_n journey_n from_o the_o upper_a syria_n and_o one_o from_o euphrates_n but_o from_o babylon_n six_o day_n journey_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o build_v this_o city_n so_o far_o from_o the_o inhabit_a place_n of_o syria_n be_v that_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n there_o be_v no_o water_n but_o in_o that_o place_n only_o there_o be_v fountain_n and_o well_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o peutinger_n table_n that_o near_o it_o stand_v the_o centum_fw-la putei_fw-la appendix_n putei_fw-la concern_v the_o name_n tadhmur_v and_o palmyra_n consult_v the_o appendix_n when_o therefore_o he_o have_v build_v the_o city_n and_o fence_v it_o with_o strong_a wall_n he_o name_v it_o tadmor_n as_o it_o be_v now_o call_v by_o the_o syrian_n while_o the_o greek_n call_v it_o palmyra_n chap._n ii_o from_o its_o founder_n and_o name_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o consider_v its_o situation_n and_o plenty_n as_o to_o its_o situation_n from_o the_o description_n that_o josephus_n give_v of_o it_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o though_o it_o stand_v in_o a_o desert_n country_n it_o be_v a_o very_a fertile_a spot_n of_o ground_n the_o air_n be_v very_o moderate_a and_o healthy_a for_o when_o porph._n when_o epist_n ad_fw-la porph._n longinus_n invite_v his_o friend_n porphyry_n thither_o he_o encourage_v he_o to_o undertake_v the_o journey_n upon_o two_o account_n first_o that_o they_o may_v renew_v their_o old_a friendship_n second_o that_o he_o may_v recover_v his_o break_a health_n by_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o air_n of_o palmyra_n 205._o palmyra_n lib._n 8._o p._n 205._o ptolemy_n place_n it_o east_n from_o alexanandria_n in_o the_o same_o climate_n with_o antioch_n seleucia_n hierapolis_n emesa_n and_o other_o city_n of_o alexandria_n say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a chronicon_fw-la 82._o chron._n alex_n p._n 82._o in_o the_o longit._n of_o 71_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n and_o the_o latit_fw-fr of_o 34_o deg_fw-la the_o long_a day_n be_v there_o above_o 14_o hour_n the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o tadmur_n i_o conjecture_v be_v the_o son_n of_o abraham_n by_o keturah_n for_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v by_o their_o father_n into_o the_o east_n gen._n 25.6_o i_o e._n into_o the_o east_n from_o jerusalem_n and_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n into_o the_o desert_n of_o arabia_n and_o the_o country_n border_v on_o the_o euphrates_n who_o inhabitant_n be_v call_v in_o holy_a writ_n the_o child_n of_o the_o east_n and_o be_v for_o that_o reason_n also_o call_v saracen_n that_o be_v oriental_n or_o easterling_n as_o our_o most_o learned_a pocock_n affirm_v now_o the_o saracen_n be_v say_v by_o ult_n by_o lib._n 23._o cap._n ult_n amm._n marcellinus_n to_o be_v the_o arabe_n scenitae_n though_o pliny_n and_o ptolemy_n distinguish_v they_o to_o who_o the_o palmyrenian_o be_v conterminous_a if_o not_o the_o same_o and_o for_o this_o reason_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o odenathus_n in_o all_o the_o latter_a writer_n be_v call_v the_o king_n of_o the_o saracen_n though_o zenobia_n in_o her_o letter_n to_o aurelian_a distinguish_v the_o saracen_n from_o her_o subject_n reckon_v the_o saracen_n among_o her_o foreign_a troop_n and_o auxiliary_n in_o the_o ecclesiaslick_n notitia_fw-la it_o be_v account_v a_o part_n of_o phoenicia_n libanesia_n and_o porphyry_n treat_v of_o longinus_n invite_v he_o to_o
besiege_a join_v to_o the_o many_o fatigue_n the_o emperor_n be_v oblige_v to_o undergo_v make_v he_o almost_o quite_o weary_a of_o his_o design_n whereupon_o he_o write_v to_o zenobia_n require_v she_o to_o surrender_v the_o place_n and_o promise_v she_o and_o her_o confederate_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v allow_v to_o live_v in_o great_a plenty_n and_o security_n in_o such_o a_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o the_o senate_n shall_v appoint_v upon_o condition_n that_o all_o her_o treasure_n and_o arm_n her_o horse_n and_o camel_n shall_v be_v give_v up_o to_o the_o roman_n after_o which_o palmyra_n shall_v be_v permit_v to_o be_v a_o free_a commonwealth_n as_o it_o have_v be_v in_o past_a age_n but_o the_o haughty_a queen_n keep_v up_o her_o courage_n though_o her_o fortune_n be_v sink_v and_o return_v the_o emperor_n this_o answer_n zenobia_n the_o queen_n of_o the_o east_n to_o the_o emperor_n aurelian_a no_o man_n ever_o yet_o except_o yourself_o dare_v demand_v of_o i_o what_o your_o letter_n require_v whatsoever_o be_v to_o be_v achieve_v in_o war_n must_v be_v get_v by_o courage_n and_o resolution_n you_o command_v i_o to_o surrender_v myself_o and_o empire_n but_o you_o have_v forget_v that_o cleopatra_n choose_v rather_o to_o die_v by_o she_o own_o hand_n than_o to_o lessen_v and_o outlive_v her_o grandeur_n i_o be_o not_o destitute_a of_o assistance_n i_o daily_o expect_v succour_n from_o the_o persian_n the_o saracen_n and_o armenian_n be_v in_o my_o interest_n and_o the_o very_a freebooter_n of_o my_o country_n have_v already_o insult_v and_o baffle_v your_o army_n when_o these_o auxiliary_a troop_n arrive_v which_o i_o look_v for_o from_o all_o quarter_n you_o will_v abate_v of_o your_o imperious_a demand_n though_o you_o now_o require_v i_o to_o yield_v as_o if_o you_o have_v already_o get_v a_o entire_a conquest_n and_o have_v make_v yourself_o lord_n of_o all_o the_o east_n this_o epistle_n inflame_v aurelian_a and_o put_v he_o upon_o do_v all_o that_o a_o wise_a and_o brave_a general_n ought_v to_o have_v attempt_v to_o reduce_v the_o city_n he_o intercept_v the_o persian_a succour_n and_o debauch_v the_o saracen_n and_o armenian_n who_o he_o corrupt_v by_o money_n and_o buy_v off_o till_o they_o desert_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o fickle_a and_o changeable_a nation_n who_o be_v true_a only_o to_o their_o own_o interest_n and_o pay_v their_o homage_n and_o service_n to_o that_o prince_n who_o bid_v most_o for_o they_o when_o the_o garrison_n hear_v that_o all_o their_o relief_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o see_v the_o emperor_n bend_v to_o carry_v on_o his_o attack_n with_o the_o utmost_a vigour_n be_v also_o much_o press_v with_o the_o want_n of_o necessary_n they_o determine_v to_o send_v their_o queen_n over_o the_o euphrates_n into_o persia_n to_o beg_v the_o assistance_n of_o that_o great_a king_n and_o to_o this_o end_n they_o do_v set_v zenobia_n on_o a_o female_a camel_n which_o sort_n of_o creature_n run_v swift_a than_o any_o horse_n other_o say_z on_o a_o swift_a dromedary_n and_o convey_v she_o out_o of_o the_o city_n aurelian_a vex_v hearty_o that_o his_o enemy_n have_v make_v her_o escape_n dispatch_v his_o light-horse_n to_o overtake_v she_o who_o seize_v on_o she_o as_o she_o be_v just_o embark_v endeavour_v to_o reach_v the_o far_a side_n of_o the_o euphrates_n and_o bring_v she_o back_o to_o the_o roman_a camp_n with_o mighty_a joy_n and_o triumph_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o garrison_n be_v divide_v in_o their_o sentiment_n one_o party_n of_o they_o resolve_v to_o maintain_v the_o town_n to_o the_o last_o man_n and_o to_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o their_o blood_n while_o other_o be_v determine_v to_o supplicate_v the_o emperor_n pardon_n and_o to_o surrender_v and_o this_o last_o opinion_n prevail_v whereupon_o aurelian_a have_v give_v his_o promise_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v indemnify_v for_o whatever_o be_v past_a they_o open_v their_o gate_n and_o beg_v the_o conqueror_n mercy_n who_o receive_v they_o with_o all_o kindness_n and_o take_v care_n they_o shall_v not_o suffer_v any_o damage_n chap._n xxv_o thus_o be_v that_o proud_a city_n emulous_a of_o the_o glory_n of_o old_a rome_n reduce_v under_o the_o power_n of_o aurelian_a who_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o all_o the_o treasure_n and_o rich_a movable_n of_o it_o return_v to_o emesa_n and_o there_o sit_v in_o judgement_n on_o zenobia_n and_o her_o accomplice_n for_o the_o army_n be_v ready_a to_o mutiny_v and_o petition_v that_o she_o that_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o their_o hardship_n shall_v be_v execute_v but_o aurelian_a who_o have_v a_o grand_a esteem_n for_o her_o courage_n and_o other_o heroical_a qualification_n and_o who_o can_v not_o have_v forget_v the_o merit_n of_o her_o husband_n odenathus_n and_o his_o great_a service_n who_o support_v the_o sink_a empire_n in_o the_o east_n and_o preserve_v it_o from_o utter_a ruin_n think_v it_o beneath_o the_o courage_n of_o a_o brave_a man_n to_o murder_v a_o woman_n one_o of_o so_o rare_a endowment_n and_o who_o have_v for_o some_o year_n wear_v the_o sacred_a purple_n in_o cold_a blood_n and_o be_v convince_v that_o it_o will_v more_o contribute_v to_o his_o glory_n to_o carry_v she_o in_o triumph_n to_o rome_n than_o to_o put_v she_o to_o death_n in_o the_o east_n he_o preserve_v she_o from_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o incense_a soldier_n and_o to_o satisfy_v the_o mutinous_a sharp_o expostulate_v with_o her_o the_o reason_n of_o her_o obstinacy_n and_o cause_v all_o those_o to_o be_v slay_v who_o have_v engage_v she_o to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o aurelian_a this_o occasion_v the_o execution_n of_o many_o eminent_a person_n among_o who_o the_o most_o learned_a longinus_n meet_v his_o fate_n with_o great_a resolution_n and_o to_o the_o last_o he_o bear_v his_o suffering_n with_o a_o philosophical_a courage_n and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v affright_v with_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o grave_a that_o he_o comfort_v his_o friend_n who_o bemoan_v his_o destiny_n and_o convince_v they_o that_o if_o this_o low_a world_n be_v but_o one_o large_a prison_n he_o be_v the_o happy_a man_n who_o be_v soon_o discharge_v and_o set_v at_o liberty_n chap._n xxvi_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o east_n have_v thus_o be_v adjust_v 219._o vopisc_n p._n 219._o and_o the_o country_n leave_v without_o disturbance_n 55_o zosim_fw-la l._n 1_o p._n 55_o aurelian_a determine_v to_o return_n into_o europe_n but_o before_o he_o can_v reach_v rome_n while_o he_o be_v pass_v through_o rhodopa_n a_o province_n of_o thrace_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o palmyra_n who_o can_v not_o content_v themselves_o with_o their_o mean_a circumstance_n the_o loss_n of_o their_o empire_n be_v a_o continual_a affliction_n resolve_v to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o arm_n to_o recover_v their_o ancient_a grandeur_n in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o design_n they_o fall_v upon_o sandario_n and_o the_o six_o hundred_o archer_n who_o the_o emperor_n have_v leave_v there_o in_o garrison_n and_o put_v they_o to_o the_o sword_n choose_v achilleus_n the_o father_n of_o their_o captive_a queen_n zenobia_n their_o prince_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o emperor_n hear_v of_o the_o revolt_n be_v a_o general_n of_o unwearied_a diligence_n and_o dispatch_v he_o immediate_o march_v back_o into_o asia_n and_o utter_o destroy_v that_o unhappy_a city_n this_o part_n of_o the_o story_n zosimus_n tell_v somewhat_o different_o that_o the_o man_n of_o palmyra_n instigate_v by_o apsaeus_n who_o have_v in_o former_a time_n be_v a_o busy_a agitator_n among_o they_o attempt_v to_o persuade_v marcellieus_n t._n nonnius_n marcellinus_n i_o suppose_v who_o afterward_o be_v consul_n in_o year_n of_o the_o emperor_n tacitus_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 275_o who_o aurelian_a have_v constitute_v his_o governor_n of_o mesopotamia_n and_o the_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la of_o the_o east_n to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o empire_n he_o put_v they_o off_o from_o day_n to_o day_n and_o under_o the_o pretext_n of_o consider_v so_o weighty_a a_o affair_n before_o he_o determine_v his_o resolution_n gain_v time_n till_o he_o have_v certify_v aurelian_a of_o the_o revolt_n but_o at_o last_o he_o positive_o refuse_v to_o take_v the_o purple_a whereupon_o they_o choose_v antiochus_n their_o king_n and_o arm_v themselves_o in_o his_o defence_n upon_o the_o news_n that_o marcellinus_n send_v the_o emperor_n double_v his_o march_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n come_v to_o antioch_n the_o inhabitant_n who_o be_v busy_v about_o their_o sport_n in_o see_v the_o horse-race_n be_v surprise_v at_o his_o come_n from_o whence_o he_o immediate_o speed_v to_o palmyra_n which_o without_o fight_v he_o take_v and_o raze_v give_v antiochus_n his_o life_n and_o liberty_n account_v he_o beneath_o his_o anger_n in_o the_o sack_n of_o the_o city_n the_o soldier_n be_v surfeit_v with_o blood_n
make_v that_o place_n the_o seat_n of_o his_o constant_a residence_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o church_n from_o the_o sacrilegious_a saracen_n eight_o year_n after_o this_o 88_o procop._n bel._n pers_n l._n 2._o c._n 1._o p._n 88_o when_o belisarius_n have_v reduce_v italy_n under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o emperor_n ann._n chr._n 535_o chosroes_n king_n of_o persia_n concert_v his_o affair_n with_o alamundarus_n one_o of_o the_o arabian_a prince_n that_o he_o shall_v invade_v arethas_n another_o of_o the_o saracen_n king_n but_o in_o the_o roman_a interest_n upon_o the_o pretext_n that_o arethas_n detain_v from_o he_o a_o little_a region_n call_v strata_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o city_n palmyra_n but_o barren_a of_o all_o thing_n be_v burn_v with_o the_o fervent_a sun_n so_o that_o it_o produce_v neither_o tree_n nor_o fruit_n and_o be_v destine_v only_o to_o the_o feed_n of_o a_o few_o cattle_n 97._o id._n c._n 5._o p._n 97._o whereupon_o chosroes_n make_v a_o inroad_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n march_v his_o army_n three_o day_n by_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n euphrates_n till_o he_o come_v to_o zenobia_n the_o foundation_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o palmyrene_n but_o find_v the_o region_n uninhabited_a and_o destitute_a of_o all_o necessary_n the_o city_n also_o refuse_v to_o surrender_v when_o require_v to_o do_v so_o he_o retire_v to_o sura_n another_o city_n upon_o the_o euphrates_n chap._n xxxiv_o about_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o repair_n of_o palmyra_n by_o justinian_n it_o please_v god_n to_o permit_v mahomet_n a_o obscure_a arab_n to_o scourge_v the_o eastern_a church_n for_o their_o heresy_n and_o their_o loose_a manner_n and_o to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o empire_n which_o with_o the_o religion_n call_v mahometan_n have_v prevail_v over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o know_a world_n and_o in_o a_o very_a few_o year_n after_o the_o first_o appearance_n of_o that_o false_a prophet_n establish_v its_o jurisdiction_n in_o tadmur_n where_o it_o prevail_v to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1._o elmacin_n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o 623._o the_o second_o of_o the_o hegira_n chosroes_n the_o second_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n command_v all_o the_o church_n in_o syria_n and_o mesopotamia_n to_o be_v destroy_v carry_v away_o with_o he_o all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n with_o all_o the_o ornament_n of_o those_o holy_a place_n even_o to_o the_o very_a marble_n into_o his_o own_o country_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o tadmur_n be_v not_o exempt_a from_o this_o dreadful_a persecution_n but_o whatever_o its_o fate_n be_v under_o chosroes_n it_o be_v unquestionable_a that_o a_o few_o year_n afterward_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o mahometan_n who_o anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 638_o hegirae_fw-la 16_o have_v take_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o persian_n and_o rout_v izdigerde_n their_o last_o king_n and_o seize_v his_o empire_n the_o constantinopolitan_a prince_n not_o concern_v themselves_o as_o they_o ought_v to_o prevent_v these_o sudden_a and_o large_a conquest_n may_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v make_v palmyra_n their_o own_o after_o which_o time_n i_o believe_v the_o fortification_n be_v permit_v to_o run_v to_o decay_v it_o be_v no_o long_o a_o frontier_n since_o persia_n be_v in_o their_o hand_n on_o one_o side_n of_o it_o and_o arabia_n on_o the_o other_o and_o then_o also_o i_o conjecture_v it_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o mart_n the_o mahometan_n be_v in_o constant_a hostility_n with_o the_o christian_n so_o that_o the_o caravan_n not_o be_v able_a to_o travel_v safe_o the_o trade_n with_o the_o persian_a gulf_n be_v divert_v and_o lose_v of_o which_o beneficial_a commerce_n the_o city_n be_v deprive_v and_o situate_v in_o a_o desert_a country_n soon_o fall_v into_o poverty_n and_o ruin_n in_o the_o year_n 659_o the_o 39th_o 5._o elmac._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o of_o the_o mahometan_a computation_n when_o muavias_n the_o son_n of_o abusofianus_n with_o his_o army_n of_o syrian_n march_v against_o alis_fw-la the_o five_o of_o mahomet_n successor_n he_o send_v dahacus_n with_o 3000_o man_n to_o plunder_v iraca_n after_o which_o they_o fall_v into_o the_o province_n of_o higiaza_n and_o have_v murder_v all_o the_o arab_n they_o meet_v with_o load_v themselves_o with_o their_o spoil_n whereupon_o alis_fw-la send_v against_o he_o his_o general_n hagjar_v the_o son_n of_o adis_n with_o 4000_o man_n who_o folfow_v they_o as_o far_o as_o tadmur_v within_o the_o district_n of_o emesa_n for_o so_o it_o be_v reckon_v at_o that_o time_n where_o they_o have_v a_o sharp_a engagement_n in_o which_o dahacus_n be_v rout_v and_o by_o this_o it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o tadmur_n come_v very_o early_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o successor_n of_o mahomet_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 746_o 21._o id._n l._n 1._o c._n 21._o of_o the_o hegira_n 127_o the_o people_n of_o emesa_n at_o that_o time_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o country_n rebel_v against_o merwan_n the_o caliph_n who_o come_v against_o the_o town_n with_o a_o strong_a force_n and_o besiege_v it_o whereupon_o the_o inhabitant_n supplicate_v his_o pardon_n promise_v obedience_n and_o open_v their_o gate_n but_o when_o the_o caliph_n have_v enter_v the_o city_n in_o the_o head_n of_o 300_o man_n the_o citizen_n betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o arm_n and_o slay_v all_o the_o soldier_n merwan_n himself_o hardly_o escape_v through_o the_o gate_n that_o lead_v to_o tadmur_v the_o old_a roman_a road_n lie_v from_o emesa_n to_o apamea_n and_o thence_o to_o palmyra_n but_o the_o direct_a road_n lay_v through_o the_o desert_n without_o touch_v at_o apamea_n and_o when_o suleiman_n the_o son_n of_o hisjam_n be_v create_v caliph_n in_o opposition_n to_o merwan_n by_o the_o man_n of_o basra_n be_v overthrow_v in_o battle_n he_o retire_v first_o to_o emesa_n which_o he_o fortify_v but_o be_v a_o second_o time_n beat_v he_o flee_v to_o tadmur_v leave_v his_o brother_n saidus_n his_o lieutenant_n in_o emesa_n from_o which_o passage_n it_o appear_v to_o i_o credible_a that_o tadmur_n be_v then_o a_o place_n of_o little_a trade_n or_o interest_n but_o a_o sanctuary_n for_o the_o unfortunate_a for_o banditti_z and_o freebooter_n who_o flee_v thither_o and_o find_v a_o secure_a retreat_n be_v protect_v by_o the_o advantageous_a situation_n of_o the_o town_n which_o for_o several_a day_n journey_n be_v on_o every_o side_n surround_v with_o wild_a and_o uninhabited_a solitude_n and_o if_o i_o may_v be_v allow_v a_o bold_a conjecture_n how_o the_o river_n that_o run_v by_o palmyra_n in_o ptolemy_n time_n and_o which_o marius_n niger_n say_v empty_v itself_o into_o the_o euphrates_n happen_v so_o to_o be_v lose_v that_o now_o there_o remain_v no_o footstep_n of_o it_o i_o will_v affirm_v 11._o elmacin_n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o that_o it_o be_v bury_v in_o that_o terrible_a earthquake_n that_o happen_v in_o those_o country_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 859_o of_o the_o hegira_n 245_o which_o ruine_v many_o a_o noble_a city_n throw_v down_o the_o palace_n at_o bagdat_n do_v great_a damage_n to_o carrae_n emesa_n damascus_n edessa_n laodicea_n and_o all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o syria_n for_o at_o this_o time_n the_o arabic_a historian_n aver_v that_o a_o river_n vanish_v nor_o be_v it_o unusual_a in_o such_o most_o violent_a concussion_n be_v swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n that_o no_o man_n ever_o can_v discover_v what_o new_a channel_n it_o have_v find_v under_o ground_n at_o this_o time_n it_o be_v high_o probable_a tadmur_n do_v not_o escape_v when_o all_o the_o neighbour_a city_n be_v harass_v and_o then_o the_o river_n may_v be_v absorb_v nor_o do_v justinian_n bring_v water_n to_o tadmur_v for_o the_o service_n of_o his_o garrison_n contradict_v this_o opinion_n because_o a_o river_n may_v be_v for_o other_o use_n and_o yet_o not_o fit_a for_o drink_v many_o other_o of_o the_o spring_n in_o those_o country_n be_v brackish_a and_o sulphurous_a about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1172_o 58._o itiner_n p._n 57_o 58._o benjamin_n tudelensis_n the_o jew_n among_o other_o part_n of_o the_o east_n which_o he_o visit_v in_o his_o travel_n touch_v at_o tadmur_n and_o he_o inform_v we_o though_o he_o be_v mistake_v in_o the_o exact_a distance_n of_o place_n that_o from_o baalbeck_n or_o baalath_n build_v by_o solomon_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o libanus_n to_o tadmur_v in_o the_o desert_n be_v four_o day_n journey_n that_o solomon_n build_v it_o of_o large_a stone_n and_o fence_v it_o with_o a_o strong_a wall_n that_o it_o be_v build_v in_o a_o desert_n far_o from_o any_o inhabitant_n and_o that_o in_o his_o time_n there_o be_v in_o the_o city_n 2000_o stout_a jew_n who_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o christian_n and_o with_o the_o arab_n the_o subject_n of_o sultan_n noraldin_n but_o be_v ready_a to_o assist_v their_o neighbour_n the_o ishmaelite_n
the_o antiquity_n of_o palmyra_n contain_v the_o history_n of_o the_o city_n and_o its_o emperor_n from_o its_o foundation_n to_o the_o present_a time_n with_o a_o appendix_n of_o critical_a observation_n on_o the_o name_n religion_n and_o government_n of_o the_o country_n and_o a_o commentary_n on_o the_o inscription_n late_o find_v there_o london_n print_v for_o s._n smith_n and_o b._n walford_n printer_n to_o the_o royal_a sociey_n at_o the_o princes-arm_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n 1696._o munificentia_fw-la regia_fw-la 1715_o georgius_n d._n g._n madge_n br_n fr._n et_fw-la hib_n rex_fw-la f.d._n societati_fw-la regiae_n in_o collegio_fw-la greshamensi_fw-la supremo_fw-la numini_fw-la &_o laboranti_fw-la naturae_fw-la horas_fw-la utilissimè_fw-la impendenti_fw-la verae_fw-la philosophiae_fw-la instauratrici_fw-la mathematum_fw-la &_o politioris_fw-la litteraturae_fw-la arbitrae_n &_o sequestrae_fw-la eruditi_fw-la orbis_fw-la delicijs_fw-la quam_fw-la ambierunt_fw-la principâ—um_fw-la maximi_fw-la venerantur_fw-la quotquot_fw-la musis_fw-la litarunt_fw-la farraginem_fw-la hanc_fw-la rerum_fw-la palmyrenarum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d exaratam_fw-la summo_fw-la quo_fw-la decet_fw-la cultu_fw-la &_o observantiâ_fw-la lubens_fw-la merito_fw-la more_fw-it majorum_fw-la d.d.d.c.q._n ab_fw-la sellerus_n the_o preface_n the_o learned_a world_n have_v be_v for_o some_o year_n in_o expectation_n of_o a_o description_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o palmyra_n from_o some_o accurate_a traveller_n who_o curiosity_n may_v prompt_v he_o to_o visit_v those_o desert_n that_o he_o may_v enrich_v europe_n with_o the_o rarity_n of_o that_o remote_a province_n of_o the_o east_n of_o which_o the_o world_n have_v have_v but_o a_o very_a obscure_a if_o any_o account_n some_o worthy_a english_a merchant_n pursuant_n to_o the_o dictate_v of_o that_o noble_a genius_n that_o actuate_v the_o generous_a member_n of_o the_o levant_n company_n overlookt_v all_o the_o difficulty_n and_o hazard_n that_o accompany_v such_o a_o enterprise_n and_o attempt_v the_o discovery_n and_o though_o the_o first_o essay_n be_v not_o crown_v with_o so_o good_a success_n as_o it_o deserve_v through_o the_o treachery_n and_o baseness_n of_o the_o arab_n prince_n who_o at_o that_o time_n govern_v the_o country_n the_o second_o voyage_n be_v perform_v to_o the_o great_a satisfaction_n of_o mankind_n and_o it_o be_v to_o their_o munificence_n that_o we_o owe_v those_o journal_o which_o the_o royal_a society_n have_v late_o publish_v nor_o be_v this_o the_o only_a instance_n wherein_o those_o eminent_a merchant_n have_v be_v benefactor_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o letter_n their_o company_n consist_v of_o man_n of_o good_a birth_n and_o gentile_a education_n of_o liberal_a fortune_n and_o as_o large_a mind_n and_o may_v their_o success_n in_o their_o worldly_a affair_n be_v suit_v to_o their_o great_a desert_n may_v they_o always_o flourish_v and_o always_o be_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o do_v worthy_a action_n to_o the_o jealous_a arab_n the_o undertake_n seem_v ridiculous_a that_o prudent_a man_n shall_v contract_v a_o great_a expense_n only_o to_o transcribe_v a_o few_o imperfect_a inscription_n and_o take_v a_o view_n of_o old_a ruin_n and_o perhaps_o there_o be_v some_o censor_n who_o live_v near_a than_o the_o desert_n of_o tadhmur_n who_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n but_o the_o man_n of_o judgement_n in_o all_o age_n have_v entertain_v different_a sentiment_n and_o providence_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v particular_o concern_v in_o the_o preservation_n of_o many_o fragment_n of_o antique_a literature_n when_o l._n 2._o p._n 121._o strabo_n treat_v of_o olynthus_n and_o other_o city_n of_o greece_n which_o have_v be_v utter_o destroy_v before_o his_o time_n insomuch_o as_o whosoever_o travel_v those_o part_n may_v just_o question_v whither_o ever_o those_o place_n have_v be_v inhabit_v he_o subjoin_v that_o the_o curious_a and_o inquisitive_a be_v please_v to_o visit_v those_o ruin_n be_v desirous_a to_o see_v the_o theatre_n where_o so_o many_o noble_a action_n have_v be_v perform_v and_o to_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o ash_n of_o those_o illustrious_a person_n who_o lie_v there_o bury_v and_o what_o a_o spirit_n of_o emulation_n do_v it_o raise_v in_o every_o generous_a soul_n to_o prompt_v he_o to_o sublime_a action_n when_o he_o view_v the_o tomb_n or_o hear_v the_o story_n of_o the_o hero_n of_o former_a age_n and_o in_o the_o day_n of_o in_o charont_n lucian_n when_o many_o city_n have_v be_v swallow_v up_o of_o earthquake_n or_o bury_v in_o the_o sea_n though_o rivers_n themselves_o have_v be_v lose_v and_o absorb_v that_o they_o never_o more_o appear_v yet_o the_o tomb_n of_o inachus_n be_v preserve_v at_o argos_n a_o memorial_n of_o the_o achievement_n of_o that_o first_o king_n of_o the_o morea_n neither_o strabo_n nor_o mela_n take_v any_o notice_n of_o palmyra_n nor_o which_o be_v more_o to_o be_v admire_v many_o 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the_o persian_n after_o they_o have_v rout_v the_o roman_n and_o that_o he_o who_o dig_v in_o a_o dark_a mine_n may_v be_v allow_v a_o little_a failure_n in_o his_o work_n and_o i_o shall_v thank_v any_o learned_a man_n who_o shall_v correct_v my_o error_n and_o set_v the_o history_n in_o a_o better_a light_n i_o have_v deal_v with_o my_o reader_n as_o i_o love_v to_o be_v treat_v myself_o have_v be_v always_o please_v with_o a_o full_a account_n of_o whatever_o be_v material_a on_o any_o subject_n when_o profest_o handle_v and_o i_o have_v give_v my_o authority_n in_o the_o margin_n not_o to_o make_v a_o show_n of_o much_o acquaintance_n with_o book_n but_o to_o inform_v the_o reader_n that_o i_o have_v not_o impose_v on_o he_o and_o to_o direct_v he_o where_o he_o may_v satisfy_v himself_o if_o he_o doubt_v i_o have_v use_v the_o word_n palmyra_n and_o tadhmur_n promiscuous_o because_o though_o the_o new_a name_n whither_o impose_v by_o a_o conqueror_n or_o give_v for_o any_o other_o reason_n prevail_v among_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n yet_o the_o
old_a syriac_a name_n keep_v its_o interest_n among_o the_o native_n and_o have_v at_o this_o day_n recover_v a_o entire_a possession_n as_o some_o other_o neighbour_a city_n in_o that_o country_n have_v do_v so_o caesarea_n in_o palestine_n be_v at_o present_a call_v as_o of_o old_a paneas_n and_o petra_n in_o arabia_n be_v now_o name_v bosra_n to_o omit_v other_o instance_n for_o as_o lib._n 14._o c._n 8._o seleucus_n nicator_n urbes_fw-la construxit_fw-la multis_fw-la opibus_fw-la firmas_fw-la &_o viribus_fw-la quarum_fw-la ad_fw-la praesens_fw-la plereque_fw-la licet_fw-la graecis_fw-la nominibus_fw-la appellentur_fw-la quae_fw-la iisdem_fw-la ad_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la imposita_fw-la sunt_fw-la conditoris_fw-la primogenita_fw-la tamen_fw-la nomina_fw-la non_fw-la amittunt_fw-la quae_fw-la ex_fw-la assyriâ_fw-la linguâ_fw-la institutores_fw-la veteres_fw-la indiderunt_fw-la ammianus_n marcellinus_n have_v well_o observe_v when_o seleucus_n nicator_n rebuilt_a many_o old_a city_n in_o syria_n among_o who_o we_o may_v reckon_v palmyra_n and_o give_v they_o strength_n and_o riches_n though_o many_o of_o they_o be_v still_o call_v by_o the_o greek_a name_n which_o their_o founder_n seleucus_n give_v they_o yet_o they_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n among_o the_o native_n retain_v their_o old_a syrian_a appellation_n which_o their_o first_o founder_n impose_v hence_o come_v it_o that_o the_o new_a name_n of_o adrianople_n give_v to_o palmyra_n be_v in_o a_o little_a time_n wear_v out_o and_o though_o the_o greek_n call_v the_o island_n of_o corsica_n diod._n sic._n l._n 5._o p._n 205._o cyrnus_n the_o native_n still_o maintain_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o true_a name_n and_o it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n steph._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o though_o heraclea_n be_v for_o a_o while_n call_v plistarchia_n in_o time_n it_o assert_v its_o ancient_a right_n and_o be_v call_v as_o former_o heraclea_n and_o i_o hearty_o wish_v that_o the_o learned_a man_n who_o have_v visit_v those_o oriental_a country_n have_v furnish_v themselves_o with_o instrument_n and_o spend_v some_o time_n in_o take_v the_o exact_a longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o several_a city_n in_o the_o chronological_a account_n i_o have_v follow_v the_o common_o receive_v epochas_n and_o according_o fix_v my_o series_n of_o time_n without_o enter_v into_o a_o overnice_a examination_n of_o particular_a dispute_n in_o chronology_n which_o be_v not_o so_o consonant_a to_o my_o present_a subject_n have_v fix_v the_o year_n of_o the_o creation_n according_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o our_o most_o learned_a archbishop_n usher_n i_o have_v free_o use_v the_o name_n of_o the_o heathen_a god_n though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o a_o distinguish_a epithet_n and_o beside_o the_o necessity_n of_o my_o subject_n which_o oblige_v i_o to_o it_o i_o may_v plead_v the_o usual_a practice_n in_o other_o language_n that_o the_o father_n do_v the_o same_o and_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a christian_n who_o go_v large_a length_n than_o i_o ever_o dare_v witness_v that_o epitaph_n in_o gruter_n 1050._o jovis_n optimi_fw-la maximi_fw-la beneficio_fw-la hic_fw-la in_o spe_fw-la resurrectionis_fw-la quiescit_fw-la nor_o can_v i_o be_v persuade_v that_o such_o study_n be_v disagreeable_a to_o my_o profession_n if_o any_o passage_n of_o that_o kind_n appear_v in_o the_o history_n i_o here_o renounce_v it_o and_o may_v it_o be_v as_o if_o it_o have_v never_o be_v say_v or_o write_v while_o the_o learned_a synesius_n have_v publish_v the_o life_n of_o typhon_n and_o osiris_n st._n ambrose_n as_o it_o be_v say_v and_o palladius_n the_o history_n of_o the_o brachmanes_n and_o nonnus_n beside_o his_o paraphrase_n upon_o st._n john_n be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o dionysiaca_n though_o after_o all_o i_o must_v profess_v i_o expect_v to_o be_v treat_v rude_o by_o some_o sour_a critic_n but_o have_v no_o private_a design_n in_o these_o paper_n i_o shall_v please_v myself_o to_o be_v correct_v by_o a_o man_n of_o sense_n and_o temper_n and_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tribe_n they_o be_v beneath_o consideration_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o a_o treatise_n of_o this_o kind_a aught_o to_o have_v be_v write_v in_o the_o learned_a language_n as_o probable_o it_o may_v be_v hereafter_o but_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o publish_v the_o commentary_n in_o the_o same_o language_n with_o the_o text_n and_o that_o the_o journal_o have_v be_v set_v forth_o in_o english_a the_o history_n ought_v to_o be_v write_v in_o the_o same_o tongue_n and_o have_v not_o a_o good_a part_n of_o my_o paper_n when_o finish_v be_v unhappy_o lose_v past_o retrieve_v my_o genius_n also_o nauseat_v the_o drudgery_n of_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n over_o again_o i_o may_v perhaps_o have_v manage_v the_o subject_a with_o more_o accuracy_n p._n 258._o i_o have_v affirm_v that_o the_o satur_n and_o jupiter_n of_o the_o heathen_n be_v bear_v after_o the_o day_n of_o job_n and_o of_o joshua_n and_o herein_o i_o have_v follow_v the_o father_n particular_o theophilus_n of_o antioch_n a_o excellent_a chronologist_n and_o who_o by_o that_o unanswerable_a argument_n have_v ruin_v all_o that_o be_v then_o say_v for_o the_o eternity_n of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o the_o heathen_a god_n who_o in_o one_o place_n of_o his_o excellent_a work_n against_o autolycus_n which_o for_o this_o reason_n be_v just_o style_v by_o lactantius_n libre_fw-la de_fw-la temporibus_fw-la affirm_v l._n 2._o p._n 58._o that_o saturn_n jupiter_n neptune_n and_o pluto_n be_v much_o young_a than_o the_o creation_n in_o a_o second_o l._n 3._o p._n 258._o that_o jupiter_n be_v much_o young_a than_o moses_n and_o the_o law_n but_o more_o express_o in_o a_o three_o p._n 282._o that_o cronus_n and_o belus_n i._n e._n saturn_n as_o thallus_n say_v in_o his_o history_n live_v but_o 322_o year_n before_o the_o trojan_a war_n whereas_o moses_n live_v 630_o year_n before_o that_o famous_a epocha_n and_o the_o chronologer_n petavius_n prove_v that_o when_o saturn_n flee_v into_o italy_n drive_v out_o by_o his_o son_n jupiter_n ehud_n be_v then_o a_o judge_n in_o israel_n about_o the_o year_n 1330_o before_o christ_n and_o that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o janus_n to_o who_o saturn_n flee_v to_o aeneas_n the_o whole_a be_v not_o 200_o year_n the_o arabic_a author_n as_o well_o as_o the_o common_a people_n of_o the_o country_n be_v to_o this_o day_n possess_v with_o the_o opinion_n that_o tadmur_n be_v build_v by_o solomon_n and_o that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o spirit_n as_o be_v also_o baalbec_n say_v benjamin_n tudelensis_n the_o superstitious_a jew_n and_o arab_n think_v it_o impossible_a that_o art_n shall_v perfect_v a_o stupendous_a building_n without_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o familiar_a if_o the_o city_n be_v destroy_v by_o nabuchadnezzar_n before_o he_o lay_v siege_n to_o jerusalem_n as_o john_n malela_n express_o affirm_v and_o in_o this_o account_n we_o may_v give_v he_o credit_n because_o he_o be_v of_o that_o country_n and_o may_v be_v presume_v not_o to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o affair_n of_o syria_n than_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o seleucus_n nicator_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o syrian_a empire_n rebuilt_a tadhmur_n as_o he_o do_v many_o other_o city_n and_o that_o then_o in_o honour_n to_o he_o and_o compliance_n with_o both_o their_o benefactor_n and_o conqueror_n they_o date_v their_o public_a write_n from_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o empire_n the_o aera_fw-la seleucidarum_fw-la as_o it_o be_v common_o style_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o city_n fit_v it_o for_o a_o public_a mart_n and_o the_o city_n alalis_n sura_n ptol._n l._n 5._o c._n 15._o and_o alamata_n be_v part_n of_o palmyrene_n and_o build_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o euphrates_n may_v be_v presume_v the_o port_n where_o they_o bring_v their_o good_n either_o export_v or_o import_v on_o that_o noble_a river_n the_o city_n be_v subject_n to_o the_o republic_a of_o what_o bigness_n and_o capacity_n for_o carriage_n the_o river_n that_o do_v run_v by_o its_o wall_n be_v we_o know_v not_o it_o have_v be_v many_o year_n since_o absorb_v that_o there_o run_v a_o river_n there_o in_o ptolemy_n time_n the_o geogragrapher_n affirm_v express_o that_o many_o other_o river_n have_v be_v lose_v in_o earthquake_n to_o which_o the_o eastern_a region_n be_v very_a subject_n no_o man_n doubt_n and_o some_o which_o yet_o continue_v to_o run_v be_v soon_o bury_v l._n 1._o c._n 13._o mela_n aver_v that_o a_o great_a river_n arise_v near_o corycus_n in_o cilicia_n and_o have_v make_v a_o great_a noise_n be_v immediate_o swallow_v and_o disappear_v and_o the_o river_n that_o run_v by_o aleppo_n be_v in_o a_o few_o hour_n afterward_o bury_v in_o the_o sand_n when_o the_o roman_n begin_v to_o enlarge_v their_o conquest_n in_o syria_n i_o question_v not_o but_o palmyra_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o arab_n for_o when_o pompey_n the_o great_a after_o the_o death_n
island_n of_o cyprus_n where_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o that_o country_n he_o beget_v oxyporus_n and_o adonis_n that_o adonis_n be_v very_o beautiful_a and_o belove_v by_o venus_n when_o a_o infant_n who_o that_o he_o may_v be_v breed_v careful_o send_v he_o to_o proserpina_n to_o be_v educate_v but_o when_o she_o come_v to_o demand_v he_o proserpina_n refuse_v to_o deliver_v her_o charge_n whereupon_o the_o controversy_n be_v decide_v by_o jupiter_n that_o the_o youth_n shall_v stay_v a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o year_n with_o proserpina_n another_o three_o with_o venus_n and_o the_o remainder_n shall_v be_v at_o his_o own_o disposal_n but_o adonis_n be_v please_v with_o the_o charm_n of_o beauty_n choose_v to_o spend_v two_o three_o of_o his_o time_n with_o venus_n who_o passionate_o love_v he_o for_o which_o reason_n diana_n be_v displease_v with_o he_o send_v a_o wild_a boar_n to_o assault_v he_o by_o who_o tooth_n he_o fall_v a_o sacrifice_n to_o her_o indignation_n vid._n cyril_n in_o be_v l._n 2._o tem_fw-la 3._o p._n 274._o but_o other_o tell_v the_o story_n different_o that_o cinyras_n lie_v with_o his_o own_o daughter_n myrrah_n on_o who_o he_o beget_v adonis_n but_o be_v ashamed_a of_o his_o incest_n expose_v the_o infant_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o the_o nymph_n nurse_v and_o keep_v he_o till_o he_o grow_v a_o most_o beautiful_a youth_n spend_v most_o of_o his_o time_n in_o his_o sport_n at_o which_o age_n venus_n see_v he_o sell_v violent_o in_o love_n with_o he_o and_o choose_v he_o her_o gallant_a that_o this_o create_a jealousy_n in_o mars_n who_o turn_v himself_o into_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o wild_a boar_n and_o slay_v he_o which_o when_o venus_n hear_v of_o she_o give_v herself_o up_o to_o the_o extravagant_a sally_n of_o a_o ungovernable_a grief_n and_o at_o last_o resolve_v to_o follow_v he_o into_o the_o shade_n to_o demand_v he_o there_o but_o proserpina_n refuse_v to_o deliver_v he_o they_o comprimise_v the_o affair_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v half_a the_o year_n in_o the_o inferior_a world_n and_o the_o other_o half_a in_o this_o upon_o which_o venus_n return_v very_o joyful_a and_o have_v inform_v her_o follower_n of_o the_o agreement_n they_o institute_v a_o solemn_a festival_n which_o be_v continue_v to_o be_v celebrate_v with_o all_o the_o demonstration_n of_o public_a exultation_n this_o story_n plutarc_n de_fw-fr isid_n &_o osirid_n with_o a_o little_a variation_n the_o egyptian_a writer_n from_o who_o the_o asiatic_n derive_v most_o of_o their_o superstitious_a rite_n and_o observance_n tell_v we_o under_o the_o name_n of_o osiris_n who_o typhon_n nail_v up_o in_o a_o chest_n or_o coffin_n which_o he_o throw_v into_o the_o nile_n that_o it_o may_v be_v swallow_v up_o of_o the_o sea_n that_o isis_n as_o soon_o as_o she_o hear_v of_o it_o immediate_o go_v upon_o the_o search_n of_o osiris_n inquire_v of_o all_o she_o meet_v till_o at_o last_o some_o child_n inform_v she_o what_o typhon_n have_v do_v whereupon_o take_v anubis_n with_o she_o she_o sail_v down_o the_o river_n and_o through_o the_o ocean_n till_o she_o come_v to_o byblus_n in_o syria_n where_o she_o find_v the_o ark_n or_o coffin_n rest_v upon_o a_o sprig_n of_o heath_n which_o she_o carry_v with_o she_o into_o the_o ship_n and_o so_o return_v to_o egypt_n and_o there_o hide_v the_o coffin_n at_o butis_n where_o her_o son_n orus_n be_v nurse_v that_o typhon_n hunt_v in_o those_o part_n by_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v then_o at_o full_a find_v the_o coffin_n and_o cut_v the_o body_n into_o fourteen_o piece_n scatter_v it_o up_o and_o down_o in_o several_a place_n whereupon_o isis_n hear_v of_o the_o fact_n sail_v up_o and_o down_o the_o march_n in_o a_o boat_n of_o reed_n till_o she_o have_v gather_v up_o the_o scatter_a limb_n which_o she_o bury_v in_o divers_a place_n to_o prevent_v any_o further_a attempt_n of_o typhon_n and_o to_o create_v osiris_n great_a honour_n in_o the_o egyptian_a month_n athyr_n they_o say_v osiris_n be_v slay_v and_o on_o the_o seventeen_o of_o their_o month_n tybi_n isis_n return_v from_o byblus_n have_v spend_v almost_o two_o month_n in_o the_o search_n from_o this_o original_a come_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o egyptian_a priest_n who_o upon_o the_o first_o of_o those_o anniverssary_n pretend_v that_o the_o body_n of_o osiris_n be_v hide_v in_o their_o temple_n where_o no_o one_o know_v whereupon_o they_o lament_v he_o as_o if_o that_o have_v be_v the_o very_a day_n wherein_o he_o be_v murder_v by_o typhon_n they_o shave_v and_o make_v bald_a their_o head_n v._o herodot_n euterp_v jul._n firmic_n lucian_n de_fw-fr deâ_fw-la syr._n cyril_n &_o procop._n in_o isai_n 18._o etc._n etc._n the_o custom_n of_o such_o as_o be_v in_o the_o deep_a mourn_a they_o thump_v their_o breast_n they_o wander_v up_o and_o down_o the_o street_n make_v heavy_a lamentation_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o mourning_n and_o peregrination_n of_o isis_n and_o if_o there_o happen_v to_o be_v any_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o caria_n at_o that_o time_n in_o egypt_n they_o slash_v their_o face_n with_o knife_n and_o lancet_n as_o the_o priest_n of_o baal_n use_v to_o do_v when_o their_o idol_n will_v not_o answer_v they_o they_o cut_v their_o arm_n and_o very_o often_o make_v incision_n into_o the_o wound_n of_o the_o last_o year_n not_o quite_o heal_v and_o after_o they_o have_v do_v this_o for_o some_o time_n plutarch_n say_v for_o 4_o day_n they_o pretend_v to_o find_v the_o body_n which_o they_o have_v be_v so_o earnest_o look_v for_o and_o on_o the_o nineteenth_o day_n of_o the_o month_n athyr_n when_o it_o be_v night_n the_o priest_n make_v their_o procession_n to_o the_o river_n with_o a_o ark_n of_o gold_n cover_v with_o the_o holy_a steal_v upon_o which_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v pour_v water_n the_o bystander_n cry_v out_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d we_o have_v find_v he_o let_v we_o turn_v our_o lamentation_n into_o joy_n after_o this_o they_o return_v and_o make_v merry_a treat_v themselves_o with_o cake_n whereon_o they_o stamp_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o sea-horse_n i._n e._n typhon_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o write_v a_o epistle_n to_o the_o woman_n of_o byblus_n that_o adonis_n be_v find_v for_o he_o who_o the_o egyptian_n call_v osiris_n the_o phaenician_o and_o syrian_n name_v thammuz_n ses_fw-fr st._n hierome_n and_o adonis_n say_v cyril_n and_o procopius_n this_o epistle_n they_o put_v into_o a_o earthen_a pot_n say_v the_o abovenamed_a father_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lucian_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o jew_n say_v it_o be_v a_o ark_n or_o little_a ship_n make_v of_o reed_n or_o paper_n which_o after_o the_o performance_n of_o some_o probable_o magical_a rite_n they_o seal_v and_o commit_v to_o the_o wave_n and_o of_o its_o own_o accord_n in_o seven_o day_n time_n it_o be_v carry_v by_o the_o wind_n to_o byblus_n but_o never_o to_o any_o other_o place_n on_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o phoenicia_n and_o when_o the_o woman_n of_o that_o city_n receive_v it_o they_o put_v a_o end_n to_o their_o lamentation_n and_o begin_v their_o joyful_a festival_n with_o dance_n and_o solemn_a feast_v as_o the_o precise_a time_n of_o the_o beginning_n the_o festival_n at_o byblus_n commence_v from_o the_o hour_n in_o which_o they_o receive_v the_o epistle_n from_o egypt_n so_o the_o exact_a time_n to_o begin_v the_o mourn_a be_v fix_v say_v lucian_n by_o another_o extraordinary_a circumstance_n the_o river_n adonis_n at_o that_o season_n from_o its_o rise_n on_o the_o side_n of_o mount_n libanus_n to_o its_o fall_n into_o the_o sea_n be_v all_o bloody_a the_o sea_n itself_o also_o for_o a_o considerable_a space_n be_v discolour_a with_o the_o same_o the_o native_n believe_v that_o at_o that_o time_n adonis_n be_v actual_o slay_v on_o the_o mountain_n and_o that_o his_o blood_n alter_v the_o colour_n both_o of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o ocean_n though_o one_o of_o the_o more_o inquisitive_a byblians_n tell_v lucian_n that_o the_o bloody_a face_n of_o the_o water_n proceed_v from_o a_o red_a sort_n of_o earth_n which_o the_o strong_a wind_n that_o at_o that_o time_n use_v to_o blow_v bring_v down_o into_o the_o river_n and_o give_v the_o stream_n their_o tincture_n at_o this_o time_n the_o woman_n begin_v their_o mourn_a have_v first_o offer_v the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o dead_a to_o adonis_n as_o the_o egyptian_n use_v to_o do_v and_o shave_v their_o head_n which_o whoever_o refuse_v to_o do_v be_v by_o way_n of_o penance_n oblige_v for_o a_o whole_a day_n to_o prostitute_v herself_o to_o all_o stranger_n and_o whatever_o she_o get_v be_v to_o be_v spend_v in_o a_o sacrifice_n to_o venus_n their_o lamentation_n
its_o the_o country_n be_v call_v palmifera_fw-la and_o the_o palmtree_n place_v common_o on_o the_o reverse_n of_o their_o coin_n for_o which_o reason_n i_o believe_v that_o the_o tree_n in_o the_o palmyrene_n marble_n that_o stand_v between_o alaghelus_n and_o malachbelus_n be_v not_o a_o pine_n as_o gruter_n and_o monsieur_n spon_o affirm_v but_o a_o palmtree_n ill_o grave_v palm-tree_n but_o be_v of_o the_o same_o use_v to_o the_o asiatic_n that_o the_o cocoa_n be_v to_o the_o indian_n if_o we_o may_v believe_v 746._o believe_v lib._n 16._o p._n 746._o strabo_n who_o affirm_v that_o the_o country_n about_o euphrates_n produce_v great_a quantity_n of_o barley_n but_o that_o the_o want_n of_o all_o other_o thing_n be_v supply_v by_o their_o palm-tree_n that_o that_o single_a tree_n afford_v the_o inhabitant_n both_o wine_n and_o vinegar_n honey_n and_o meal_n and_o out_o of_o it_o they_o weave_v their_o clothes_n the_o shell_n serve_v the_o smith_n for_o fire_n and_o when_o you_o have_v soak_v the_o shell_n in_o water_n you_o may_v feed_v your_o cattle_n your_o ox_n and_o sheep_n with_o they_o and_o it_o be_v report_v that_o there_o be_v a_o persic_a poem_n which_o enumerate_v three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o uses_n one_o for_o every_o day_n of_o the_o old_a year_n of_o the_o palmtree_n 778._o palmtree_n id._n p._n 778._o in_o some_o place_n of_o arabia_n they_o be_v perfume_v and_o those_o in_o sup_n in_o plut._n ubi_fw-la sup_n syria_n as_o they_o be_v most_o beautiful_a to_o the_o eye_n so_o they_o be_v of_o a_o most_o delicious_a taste_n to_o the_o palate_n and_o the_o ruin_n of_o its_o pompous_a building_n yet_o stand_v erect_v before_o it_o become_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n be_v a_o further_o and_o undeniable_a demonstration_n that_o notwithstanding_o its_o unhappy_a situation_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o two_o such_o potent_a and_o contentious_a neighbour_n as_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o parthian_n it_o be_v once_o a_o very_a flourish_a and_o wealthy_a place_n though_o now_o it_o look_v like_o the_o residence_n of_o beggary_n and_o famine_n chap._n iu._n the_o government_n of_o palmyra_n come_v next_o to_o be_v consider_v both_o in_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a affair_n and_o first_o in_o civil_a affair_n as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o solomon_n i_o question_v not_o but_o it_o be_v govern_v as_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o province_n be_v by_o such_o lieutenant_n as_o himself_o appoint_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o several_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d who_o 2._o who_o ant._n l._n 8._o c._n 2._o josephus_n mention_n under_o rehoboam_n i_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v it_o revolt_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o syria_n when_o rezin_n become_v king_n of_o damascus_n but_o whether_o it_o submit_v to_o the_o power_n of_o rezin_n or_o form_v itself_o into_o a_o commonwealth_n as_o it_o be_v afterward_o or_o what_o its_o government_n be_v till_o the_o day_n of_o augustus_n we_o have_v no_o record_n in_o his_o time_n probable_o it_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o prince_n or_o toparch_v almost_o every_o town_n in_o parthia_n and_o the_o neighbour_a syria_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o julius_n caesar_n or_o rather_o after_o the_o fatal_a overthrow_n of_o crassus_n 671._o appian_n l._n 5._o bell._n civil_a p._n 671._o be_v seize_v upon_o by_o some_o tyrant_n the_o parthian_n support_v port_v they_o in_o their_o usurpation_n have_v be_v invite_v by_o those_o roytelet_n to_o their_o assistance_n but_o suppose_v that_o it_o have_v fall_v under_o one_o of_o those_o petty_a prince_n in_o pliny_n time_n it_o recover_v its_o old_a form_n of_o government_n for_o he_o affirm_v that_o in_o his_o day_n palmyra_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d svi_fw-la juris_fw-la neither_o subject_n to_o the_o roman_n nor_o the_o parthian_n as_o f._n harduin_n well_o interpret_v the_o word_n privatâ_fw-la sort_n of_o the_o natural_a historian_n and_o aurel_n and_o vopisc_n aurel_n aurelian_a in_o his_o letter_n to_o zenobia_n when_o he_o require_v she_o to_o surrender_v herself_o promise_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n shall_v be_v govern_v by_o their_o own_o law_n and_o of_o this_o the_o inscription_n be_v a_o unquestionable_a evidence_n wherein_o 〈◊〉_d wherein_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o palmyra_n be_v frequent_o say_v to_o have_v erect_v monument_n to_o those_o illustrious_a person_n who_o have_v deserve_v well_o of_o the_o republic_n and_o septimius_n odaenathus_fw-la and_o septimius_n aerane_n his_o son_n be_v say_v to_o be_v man_n of_o the_o senatorian_a dignity_n and_o rupilius_n orodes_n both_o a_o senator_n and_o of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o antoninus_n caracalla_n it_o be_v a_o roman_a colony_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o coin_n but_o under_o odaenathus_fw-la and_o his_o son_n it_o become_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o oriental_a empire_n conquer_v all_o egypt_n and_o force_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n to_o acknowledge_v its_o jurisdiction_n be_v possess_v of_o all_o the_o east_n as_o far_o as_o ancyra_n and_o in_o a_o fair_a way_n to_o possess_v all_o bythynia_n as_o far_o as_o chalcedon_n have_v not_o the_o native_n take_v arm_n in_o behalf_n of_o aurelian_a but_o it_o be_v now_o under_o a_o arab_n prince_n nominate_v by_o and_o tributary_n to_o the_o ottoman_a port._n chap._n v._n the_o religion_n of_o palmyra_n when_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o king_n solomon_n be_v i_o question_v not_o jewish_n but_o how_o long_o they_o retain_v circumcision_n among_o they_o after_o god_n in_o his_o just_a judgement_n have_v confine_v rehoboam_n kingdom_n to_o narrow_a limit_n i_o know_v not_o this_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o very_o many_o of_o the_o proper_a name_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o after_o age_n be_v jewish_a and_o zenobia_n herself_o who_o by_o her_o name_n appear_v to_o have_v be_v a_o syrian_a and_o probable_o of_o tadhmur_n for_o there_o her_o father_n live_v when_o she_o lose_v her_o empire_n though_o she_o derive_v herself_o original_o from_o cleopatra_n queen_n of_o egypt_n be_v a_o jewess_n and_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o unlikely_a that_o longinus_n in_o complaisance_n to_o the_o religion_n of_o his_o mistress_n in_o his_o admirable_a treatise_n of_o the_o sublime_a speak_v so_o honourable_o of_o moses_n and_o his_o write_n and_o if_o we_o may_v credit_v benjamin_n tudelensis_n even_o in_o his_o time_n there_o be_v two_o thousand_o profess_a jew_n inhabitant_n of_o that_o city_n in_o process_n of_o time_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o blend_v the_o jewish_a rite_n with_o those_o of_o the_o gentile_n as_o the_o new_a inhabitant_n of_o samaria_n do_v after_o the_o native_n have_v be_v transport_v by_o shalmanezer_n till_o at_o last_o paganism_n prevail_v after_o christianity_n be_v plant_v in_o the_o world_n and_o st._n thaddeus_n have_v preach_v the_o gospel_n by_o our_o bless_a saviour_n own_o order_n at_o edessa_n i_o believe_v that_o holy_a religion_n soon_o spread_v itself_o into_o the_o neighbourhood_n even_o to_o tadhmur_v though_o paganism_n be_v not_o quite_o dispossess_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o inscription_n to_o their_o country_n god_n alagbelus_n and_o m._n malachbelus_n jaribolus_n venus_n aphacitis_n and_o other_o who_o all_o have_v at_o palmyra_n their_o temple_n priest_n and_o service_n it_o be_v very_o early_a a_o episcopal_a see_v if_o not_o a_o archiepiscopal_a because_o it_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o a_o country_n but_o in_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o ancient_a council_n or_o the_o notitiae_fw-la of_o the_o church_n we_o have_v very_o little_a or_o no_o mention_n of_o its_o prelate_n marinus_n bishop_n of_o palmyra_n be_v say_v to_o have_v subscribe_v the_o canon_n of_o the_o first_o general_n council_n at_o niece_n and_o in_o the_o six_o act_n of_o that_o at_o chalcedon_n john_n bishop_n of_o palmyra_n be_v absent_a make_v his_o subscription_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o damascus_n at_o which_o time_n as_o from_o its_o be_v ruin_v by_o aurelian_a it_o hold_v the_o rank_n of_o a_o poor_a bishopric_n and_o be_v under_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o damascus_n but_o in_o the_o notitia_fw-la collect_v by_o leo_n the_o wise_a edessa_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o phoenicia_n libanesia_n in_o the_o patriarchate_o of_o antioch_n who_o suffragans_fw-la be_v the_o bishop_n of_o laodicea_n palmyra_n etc._n etc._n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o in_o leo_n time_n ann._n dom._n 900._o it_o be_v still_o a_o bishopric_n and_o when_o it_o lose_v that_o honour_n i_o can_v determine_v in_o the_o roman_a martyrology_n of_o baronius_n on_o the_o 15_o of_o june_n be_v celebrate_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o saint_n lybia_n and_o leonis_fw-la who_o be_v sister_n and_o of_o eutropia_n a_o girl_n of_o twelve_o year_n
old_a all_o of_o palmyra_n who_o by_o divers_a torment_n obtain_v the_o crown_n of_o martyrdom_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o these_o brave_a woman_n in_o the_o old_a roman_a martyrology_n as_o rosweyd_a account_n it_o nor_o in_o ado_n of_o vienna_n but_o the_o act_n of_o st._n febronia_n who_o suffer_v under_o dioclesian_n at_o sibapolis_n perhaps_o scythopolis_n 25._o v._o mart._n jun._n 25._o or_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o syria_n mention_v they_o as_o person_n who_o suffer_v in_o the_o same_o cruel_a persecution_n it_o be_v plain_a from_o the_o inscription_n find_v at_o tadhmur_n that_o dioclesian_n have_v be_v in_o that_o country_n and_o from_o the_o church-historian_n that_o he_o raise_v a_o violent_a persecution_n in_o syria_n and_o that_o which_o give_v rise_v to_o it_o be_v in_o all_o likelihood_n that_o which_o eusebius_n observe_v that_o a_o little_a while_n after_o the_o christian_n of_o nicodemia_n have_v feel_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o emperor_n several_a confederacy_n be_v form_v in_o melitene_n and_o other_o part_n of_o syria_n to_o seize_v the_o empire_n and_o to_o dethrone_v dioclesian_n now_o in_o every_o insurrection_n or_o tumult_n the_o christian_n be_v sure_a to_o suffer_v as_o the_o author_n of_o sedition_n though_o they_o be_v the_o most_o peaceable_a and_o loyal_a man_n in_o the_o world_n both_o by_o principle_n and_o practice_n thus_o christianity_n subsist_v in_o those_o day_n of_o persecution_n when_o the_o number_n of_o martyr_n increase_v the_o number_n of_o confessor_n but_o than_o peace_n and_o plenty_n be_v by_o the_o bounty_n of_o the_o great_a constantine_n and_o his_o successor_n make_v the_o church_n patrimony_n i_o question_v not_o but_o the_o follower_n of_o our_o bless_a saviour_n at_o palmyra_n have_v their_o share_n of_o the_o prosperity_n which_o their_o brethren_n enjoy_v till_o the_o viciousness_n of_o the_o christian_a moral_n and_o the_o execrable_a opinion_n and_o heresy_n that_o debauch_v the_o faith_n of_o the_o oriental_n subject_v those_o once_o famous_a church_n to_o the_o mahometan_a yoke_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o syria_n submit_v to_o the_o power_n and_o acknowledge_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o successor_n of_o that_o false_a prophet_n i_o presume_v palmyra_n be_v by_o degree_n reduce_v to_o the_o mean_a condition_n in_o which_o it_o now_o be_v for_o perhaps_o no_o one_o city_n have_v run_v so_o many_o risk_n of_o different_a fortune_n as_o palmyra_n though_o it_o have_v hitherto_o preserve_v its_o ancient_a name_n and_o situation_n while_n of_o ctesiphon_n and_o persepolis_n niniveh_n and_o babylon_n with_o many_o other_o city_n in_o that_o part_n of_o asia_n it_o may_v be_v aver_v what_o the_o psalmist_n say_v of_o sodom_n and_o the_o other_o city_n which_o god_n destroy_v their_o memorial_n be_v perish_v with_o they_o chap._n vi_o it_o be_v a_o very_a difficult_a task_n to_o give_v a_o just_a and_o clear_a account_n of_o the_o several_a fate_n of_o ancient_a kingdom_n and_o government_n especial_o when_o nature_n have_v seem_v to_o please_v itself_o by_o place_v they_o in_o a_o remote_a situation_n and_o at_o a_o distance_n both_o of_o place_n and_o communication_n from_o other_o nation_n and_o this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o tadhmur_n which_o be_v repair_v if_o not_o build_v by_o solomon_n a_o great_a a_o wise_a and_o a_o victorious_a prince_n who_o beautify_v it_o with_o whatever_o may_v afford_v it_o strength_n and_o ornament_n lose_v i_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o under_o his_o son_n rehoboam_n when_o through_o his_o folly_n and_o god_n just_a judgement_n the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o territory_n revolt_v from_o he_o i_o conjecture_v that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o kingdom_n of_o damascus_n keep_v up_o its_o grandeur_n so_o long_a palmyra_n be_v in_o peace_n either_o under_o those_o king_n or_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o its_o own_o senate_n 23.29_o 2_o king_n 23.29_o but_o when_o pharaoh_n necoh_n go_v up_o against_o the_o king_n of_o assyria_n to_o the_o river_n euphrates_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o syria_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o be_v for_o a_o while_o subject_a to_o he_o till_o nabuchadnezzar_n conquer_v all_o those_o country_n home_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o pelusium_n now_o damiata_n the_o 152._o the_o jo._n males_n par_fw-fr 2._o pag._n 152._o fabulous_a historian_n of_o antioch_n will_v have_v the_o world_n believe_v that_o when_o nabuchadnezzar_n intend_v to_o besiege_v jerusalem_n it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o have_v man_v it_o with_o a_o very_a stout_a garrison_n and_o that_o victorious_a prince_n not_o think_v fit_a to_o leave_v a_o place_n so_o well_o fortify_v behind_o he_o sit_v down_o before_o it_o and_o when_o he_o have_v take_v it_o burn_v it_o and_o then_o besiege_v and_o take_v jerusalem_n after_o this_o it_o continue_v tributary_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o babylonish_n and_o persian_a empire_n though_o perhaps_o govern_v by_o a_o senate_n of_o its_o own_o citizen_n and_o in_o the_o same_o state_n it_o remain_v under_o the_o successor_n of_o the_o great_a alexander_n the_o king_n of_o syria_n be_v unite_v by_o seleucus_n i_o doubt_v not_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o territory_n whence_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o other_o city_n under_o his_o government_n it_o receive_v the_o use_n of_o the_o syrian_a epocha_n the_o aera_fw-la antiochena_fw-la dhilcarnain_n or_o seleucidarum_fw-la and_o the_o name_n of_o the_o macedonian_a month_n which_o the_o inscription_n undeniable_o prove_v chap._n vii_o syria_n say_v 676._o say_v bell._n civ_o l._n 5._o p._n 676._o appian_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o posterity_n of_o selencus_fw-la nicator_n to_o the_o day_n of_o antiochus_n pius_n and_o his_o son_n but_o when_o pompey_n the_o great_a conquer_v it_o and_o make_v it_o a_o province_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o roman_a precedent_n the_o first_o who_o bear_v that_o office_n be_v scaurus_n and_o after_o he_o though_o not_o immediate_o gabinius_n gabinius_n be_v succeed_v by_o crassus_n who_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o parthian_n leave_v his_o government_n to_o bibulus_n but_o whether_o in_o all_o this_o space_n of_o time_n while_o the_o roman_a eagle_n hover_v over_o the_o east_n palmyra_n be_v a_o sharer_n in_o in_o the_o common_a calamity_n and_o feel_v the_o talon_n of_o that_o bird_n of_o prey_n we_o have_v no_o account_n after_o the_o death_n of_o julius_n caesar_n every_o city_n submit_v to_o a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o the_o parthian_n afford_v they_o their_o assistance_n have_v upon_o the_o invitation_n of_o those_o tyrant_n penetrate_v syria_n this_o incense_a marc_n antony_n who_o expel_v the_o usurper_n exact_v heavy_a tax_n from_o other_o city_n and_o attempt_v palmyra_n for_o when_o cleopatra_n who_o wait_v on_o he_o in_o cilicia_n be_v return_v home_o antony_n who_o have_v give_v himself_o up_o to_o her_o embrace_n and_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o honour_n obey_v all_o her_o dictate_v command_v his_o horse_n to_o plunder_n palmyra_n upon_o the_o light_n and_o trifle_a pretext_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o situation_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o parthian_n the_o palmyrenian_o be_v firm_a to_o neither_o interest_n but_o mind_v their_o own_o profit_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o merchandise_n but_o in_o truth_n that_o he_o may_v pay_v his_o soldier_n with_o the_o spoil_n of_o that_o wealthy_a city_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o palmyra_n be_v aware_a of_o the_o invasion_n carry_v all_o their_o rich_a movable_n to_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n the_o bank_n of_o which_o they_o line_v with_o their_o archer_n upon_o which_o antony_n troop_n find_v the_o city_n empty_a of_o inhabitant_n and_o of_o the_o riches_n they_o so_o eager_o covet_v have_v lose_v their_o labour_n return_v to_o their_o camp_n this_o invasion_n occasion_v the_o next_o parthian_a war_n many_o of_o the_o petty_a prince_n of_o syria_n fly_v for_o shelter_n to_o the_o parthian_n while_o marc_n antony_n have_v be_v so_o scandalous_o foil_v stay_v no_o long_o in_o syria_n to_o settle_v affair_n and_o quiet_a disturbance_n but_o hasten_v into_o egypt_n to_o attend_v cleopatra_n to_o who_o he_o have_v entire_o devote_v himself_o and_o his_o fortune_n chap._n viii_o in_o this_o state_n of_o freedom_n ease_n and_o plenty_n it_o continue_v under_o augustus_n and_o the_o succeed_a emperor_n govern_v by_o their_o own_o officer_n and_o law_n as_o pliny_n express_o averr_v till_o the_o reign_n of_o trajan_n when_o i_o conjecture_v it_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o common_a calamity_n with_o edessa_n nisibis_n traj_n dio_fw-mi cass_n traj_n and_o other_o frontier_n town_n of_o the_o east_n who_o fate_n it_o be_v common_o to_o be_v harass_v on_o both_o side_n for_o trajan_n have_v in_o his_o six_o consulate_v declare_a war_n against_o the_o armenian_n and_o parthian_n upon_o the_o
pretext_n that_o the_o king_n of_o armenia_n have_v receive_v his_o crown_n from_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n whereas_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v take_v it_o from_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n but_o in_o truth_n stimulate_v by_o his_o desire_n of_o vainglory_n make_v a_o expedition_n into_o the_o east_n reduce_v armenia_n and_o settle_v the_o government_n of_o that_o country_n take_v nisibis_n and_o batnae_n and_o be_v honour_v by_o the_o senate_n with_o the_o name_n of_o parthicus_n add_v to_o his_o other_o title_n after_o which_o he_o winter_v at_o antioch_n where_o he_o by_o a_o extraordinary_a providence_n and_o with_o much_o difficulty_n escape_v perish_v in_o that_o great_a earthquake_n which_o have_v almost_o ruine_v that_o noble_a city_n after_o this_o he_o return_v into_o the_o east_n past_o the_o euphrates_n subdue_v all_o adiabene_n arbela_n and_o gaugamela_n and_o come_v to_o babylon_n the_o parthian_n being_n unable_a to_o oppose_v he_o have_v be_v much_o weaken_a by_o their_o civil_a dissension_n then_o he_o pass_v the_o tigris_n and_o go_v to_o ctesiphon_n and_o thence_o pursue_v his_o conquest_n to_o the_o ocean_n where_o he_o declare_v that_o if_o he_o have_v be_v as_o young_a as_o alexander_n he_o will_v have_v follow_v the_o example_n of_o that_o illustrious_a prince_n and_o have_v sail_v into_o india_n but_o while_o he_o be_v thus_o amuse_v himself_o with_o his_o vain_a ambitious_a thought_n the_o province_n which_o he_o have_v subdue_v revolt_v and_o seize_v and_o murder_v the_o roman_a garrison_n whereupon_o trajan_n command_v lusius_n and_o maximus_n to_o chastise_v the_o rebel_n and_o to_o reduce_v the_o city_n to_o term_n of_o duty_n and_o obedience_n in_o this_o expedition_n maximus_n be_v slay_v in_o battle_n but_o lusius_n recover_v nisibis_n take_v edessa_n as_o he_o do_v also_o seleucia_n and_o other_o place_n by_o his_o lieutenant-general_n whereupon_o to_o prevent_v their_o future_a revolt_n trajan_n give_v the_o parthian_n a_o king_n and_o settle_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o east_n as_o aurelian_a as_o in_o aurelian_a vopiscus_n call_v that_o country_n because_o in_o respect_n of_o rome_n the_o sun_n seem_v to_o rise_v in_o parthia_n and_o this_o the_o coin_n confirm_v which_o mention_v the_o reduce_n of_o armenia_n and_o mesopotamia_n under_o the_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o this_o emperor_n reign_n at_o this_o time_n it_o be_v probable_a palmyra_n be_v much_o ruin_v for_o otherwise_o it_o will_v not_o have_v want_v the_o favourable_a assistance_n of_o trajan_n successor_n who_o may_v be_v just_o reckon_v their_o second_o founder_n hadrian_n be_v a_o magnificent_a prince_n and_o a_o great_a builder_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n call_v the_o wall-flower_n a_o great_a number_n of_o eminent_a edifice_n owe_v their_o be_v and_o beauty_n to_o his_o liberality_n he_o it_o be_v who_o build_v the_o fora_n at_o nicodemia_n and_o nice_n 598._o chron._n alex_n p._n 598._o the_o four_o highway_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n that_o look_v towards_o bythinia_n at_o cyzicum_n he_o build_v the_o temple_n and_o floar_v it_o with_o marble_n and_o in_o many_o other_o place_n he_o either_o erect_v new_a or_o repair_v the_o old_a building_n both_o sacred_a and_o civil_a and_o in_o almost_o every_o city_n of_o his_o vast_a empire_n he_o leave_v some_o mark_n of_o his_o magnificence_n hadrian_n magnificence_n hadrian_n dio_fw-mi cassius_n affirm_v that_o he_o generous_o assist_v all_o the_o town_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o his_o empire_n or_o confederate_a with_o it_o of_o which_o he_o visit_v more_o than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v employ_v in_o more_o than_o one_o progress_n through_o those_o spacious_a territory_n some_o city_n he_o adorn_v with_o aqueduct_n other_o with_o safe_a port_n upon_o some_o he_o bestow_v a_o donative_n of_o corn_n or_o public_a building_n upon_o other_o money_n or_o privilege_n 364._o privilege_n jo._n malel_n par_fw-fr 1._o pag._n 363_o 364._o at_o antioch_n he_o repair_v what_o have_v be_v destroy_v by_o that_o terrible_a and_o furious_a earthquake_n that_o in_o trajan_n time_n have_v almost_o bury_v that_o noble_a city_n in_o its_o own_o ruin_n as_o he_o do_v the_o temple_n at_o cyzicum_n which_o in_o his_o own_o reign_n have_v be_v destroy_v by_o another_o earthquake_n and_o make_v it_o one_o of_o the_o world_n wonder_n for_o architecture_n and_o beauty_n bestow_v great_a privilege_n upon_o the_o poor_a undo_v inhabitant_n which_o be_v the_o noble_a charity_n he_o also_o re-erect_v the_o colossus_n at_o rhodes_n which_o have_v be_v many_o year_n before_o throw_v down_o by_o a_o earthquake_n above_o all_o he_o be_v a_o great_a benefactor_n to_o the_o city_n of_o athens_n towards_o which_o he_o always_o express_v a_o peculiar_a regard_n as_o in_o requital_n they_o call_v he_o while_o alive_a adrianus_n olympius_n in_o their_o coin_n and_o inscription_n as_o he_o be_v in_o several_a other_o city_n after_o his_o death_n deify_v especial_o in_o syria_n for_o to_o speak_v the_o truth_n and_o to_o be_v do_v good_a be_v in_o the_o esteem_n even_o of_o the_o heathen_a world_n most_o godlike_a quality_n chap._n ix_o but_o the_o liberality_n of_o this_o munificent_a emperor_n be_v not_o confine_v to_o greece_n or_o the_o adjacent_a part_n of_o asia_n the_o remote_a city_n of_o syria_n who_o have_v suffer_v so_o deep_o during_o the_o war_n which_o trajan_n make_v in_o the_o east_n be_v not_o exclude_v from_o their_o share_n in_o his_o bounty_n for_o he_o have_v be_v a_o hadr._n a_o sparta_n hadr._n lieutenant-general_n in_o that_o expedition_n and_o have_v see_v the_o dismal_a effect_n of_o war_n and_o military_a rage_n and_o rapine_n and_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o trajan_n have_v make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o parthian_n envious_a of_o the_o glory_n of_o his_o predecessor_n say_v sextus_n rufus_n very_o malicious_o have_v remove_v the_o king_n who_o trajan_n have_v set_v over_o they_o and_o withdraw_v the_o roman_a army_n out_o of_o all_o the_o country_n beyond_o the_o euphrates_n and_o because_o he_o be_v not_o ambitious_a to_o have_v his_o name_n inscribe_v on_o all_o his_o public_a building_n as_o it_o be_v customary_a he_o give_v it_o to_o the_o city_n which_o he_o new_o build_v or_o beautify_v among_o who_o we_o must_v reckon_v palmyra_n vrb_n palmyra_n steph._n the_o vrb_n which_o after_o he_o have_v repair_v its_o ruin_n he_o call_v hadrianople_n and_o with_o the_o leave_n of_o father_n harduin_n perhaps_o the_o coin_n in_o the_o king_n of_o france_n treasury_n and_o in_o mounseur_fw-fr patin_n p._n 203._o with_o this_o incription_n αδÏιαν_fw-gr μητÏοÏολιϲ_n may_v be_v ascribe_v not_o to_o hadrianople_n in_o thrace_n nor_o that_o other_o city_n in_o cyrenaica_n of_o the_o same_o name_n but_o to_o palmyra_n which_o be_v a_o mother-city_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o 99_o the_o pag._n 99_o inscription_n and_o by_o ptolemy_n who_o not_o only_o reckon_v it_o among_o the_o metropoles_fw-la of_o coelesyria_n but_o make_v it_o the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o palmyrene_n which_o have_v its_o denomination_n from_o it_o and_o it_o be_v not_o unfit_o represent_v by_o a_o woman_n sit_v on_o a_o hill_n for_o tadmor_n be_v enclose_v on_o three_o side_n with_o long_a ridge_n of_o mountain_n the_o castle_n be_v build_v on_o one_o of_o they_o which_o command_v the_o entrance_n into_o the_o city_n and_o to_o this_o city_n i_o will_v ascribe_v the_o coin_n of_o caracalla_n in_o mounseur_fw-fr patin_n p._n 302._o with_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o archer_n almost_o naked_a on_o the_o reverse_n his_o thin_a habit_n imply_v the_o heat_n and_o his_o arm_n the_o militia_n of_o his_o country_n the_o sagittarii_fw-la of_o palmyrene_n be_v famous_a in_o history_n this_o city_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o adrian_n visit_v when_o in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o his_o empire_n he_o make_v his_o progress_n into_o the_o east_n and_o receive_v the_o homage_n of_o all_o the_o king_n and_o toparch_n who_o territory_n lay_v in_o those_o part_n and_o this_o his_o expedition_n i_o understand_v to_o be_v mean_v in_o the_o inscription_n in_o which_o expedition_n 105._o pag._n 105._o malech_n agrippa_n the_o son_n of_o jaraius_n be_v the_o second_o time_n the_o secretary_n of_o the_o city_n and_o when_o that_o prince_n happen_v to_o draw_v near_o his_o end_n and_o the_o palmyrenian_o be_v in_o fear_n of_o lose_v their_o patron_n their_o neighbour_n of_o the_o city_n tieve_v three_o day_n journey_n from_o tadmor_n towards_o the_o euphrates_n probable_o the_o oriza_n of_o ptolemy_n as_o the_o learned_a mr._n halley_n conjecture_n and_o a_o city_n of_o paelmyrene_n as_o ptolemy_n reckon_v it_o make_v their_o vow_n for_o his_o recovery_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o inscription_n 109._o pag._n 109._o for_o in_o the_o last_o year_n the_o nineteenth_o of_o his_o reign_n not_o the_o seven_o as_o
though_o the_o senate_n when_o he_o be_v elect_v cry_v out_o five_o time_n o_o emperor_n claudius_n deliver_v we_o from_o the_o palmyrenian_o and_o again_o seven_o time_n o_o emperor_n claudius_n rescue_v we_o from_o zenobia_n and_o victorina_n for_o he_o be_v force_v to_o acknowledge_v in_o his_o letter_n that_o as_o tetricus_n have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o france_n and_o spain_n so_o the_o queen_n of_o palmyra_n to_o their_o shame_n be_v it_o speak_v be_v possess_v of_o all_o their_o archer_n while_o the_o force_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v employ_v by_o claudius_n sup_n zosim_fw-la l._n 1._o p._n 39_o 40._o pollio_n ubi_fw-la sup_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 270_o antiochianus_fw-la and_o orphitus_n be_v consul_n to_o compel_v the_o scythian_n to_o repass_v the_o danube_n and_o to_o return_v to_o their_o own_o country_n for_o they_o have_v ravage_v asia_n and_o achaia_n acarnania_n boeotia_n thessaly_n and_o the_o adjacent_a country_n zenobia_n send_v her_o troop_n into_o egypt_n to_o reduce_v that_o fertile_a country_n under_o her_o jurisdiction_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o rich_a province_n have_v upon_o the_o news_n of_o the_o death_n of_o gallienus_n unanimous_o acknowledge_v and_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o claudius_n though_o he_o be_v absent_a this_o zenobia_n resent_v as_o a_o injury_n offer_v to_o her_o own_o title_n and_o the_o succession_n of_o her_o son_n it_o be_v usual_a for_o the_o junior_n augustus_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o elder_a to_o claim_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n or_o else_o she_o take_v this_o occasion_n to_o assert_v her_o pretension_n to_o that_o kingdom_n for_o she_o derive_v her_o pedigree_n from_o the_o family_n of_o the_o ptolemy_n and_o particular_o from_o cleopatra_n the_o last_o queen_n of_o that_o country_n who_o the_o roman_n have_v by_o force_n dispossess_v to_o make_v this_o conquest_n she_o send_v her_o general_n zabdas_n into_o egypt_n where_o a_o party_n of_o the_o native_n under_o timagenes_n pollio_n call_v he_o timogenes_n have_v already_o declare_v for_o her_o interest_n and_o support_v her_o claim_n who_o with_o a_o powerful_a army_n of_o seventy_o thousand_o man_n make_v up_o of_o palmyrenian_o syrian_n and_o barbarian_n fight_v fifty_o thousand_o egyptian_n and_o after_o a_o very_a sharp_a engagement_n in_o which_o the_o militia_n of_o palmyra_n continue_v the_o fight_n with_o unwearied_a obstinacy_n and_o pertinaciousness_n get_v the_o victory_n after_o which_o have_v leave_v five_o thousand_o of_o his_o soldier_n behind_o he_o to_o keep_v the_o country_n in_o awe_n he_o return_v to_o palmyra_n while_o this_o invasion_n be_v make_v probus_n who_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n have_v declare_v the_o praefect_n of_o egypt_n be_v according_a to_o command_v scour_v the_o neighbour_a sea_n of_o the_o pirate_n who_o in_o those_o time_n of_o disorder_n much_o infest_a the_o bottom_n of_o the_o strait_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o hear_v the_o fatal_a news_n that_o during_o his_o absence_n egypt_n have_v be_v subdue_v he_o return_v with_o all_o speed_n form_v a_o army_n of_o what_o force_v he_o have_v with_o he_o and_o such_o other_o of_o the_o native_n as_o be_v content_a to_o listen_v themselves_o for_o the_o service_n and_o to_o throw_v off_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o palmyrenian_o which_o they_o hate_v and_o make_v a_o attempt_n upon_o the_o guard_n who_o zabdas_n have_v leave_v to_o preserve_v his_o new_a conquest_n in_o obedience_n he_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o country_n upon_o the_o report_n of_o this_o revolution_n zabdas_n return_v but_o probus_n have_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n strengthen_v his_o troop_n with_o recruit_n from_o lybia_n and_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o egypt_n attack_v the_o enemy_n get_v the_o victory_n and_o drive_v the_o man_n of_o palmyra_n a_o second_o time_n out_o of_o that_o country_n in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o victory_n probus_n possess_v himself_o of_o a_o hill_n near_o babylon_n the_o egyptian_a city_n of_o that_o name_n that_o he_o may_v preclude_v zabdas_n from_o retire_v into_o syria_n but_o timagenes_n who_o exact_o know_v all_o the_o country_n with_o two_o thousand_o palmyrenian_o get_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n unknown_a to_o the_o egyptian_n and_o fall_v upon_o they_o unexpected_o cut_v they_o all_o off_o which_o when_o their_o general_n see_v he_o not_o willing_a to_o outlive_v his_o honour_n fall_v on_o his_o own_o sword_n chap._n xxii_o egyt_n be_v thus_o reduce_v under_o the_o power_n of_o zenobia_n the_o remainder_n of_o the_o barbarian_n who_o outlive_v the_o battle_n fight_v between_o claudius_n and_o the_o goth_n at_o naissus_n secure_v themselves_o within_o a_o tabor_n of_o their_o wagon_n and_o so_o make_v their_o retreat_n a_o violent_a pestilence_n at_o the_o same_o time_n rage_v in_o both_o camp_n in_o which_o contagion_n claudius_n one_o of_o the_o most_o accomplish_v of_o the_o roman_a prince_n breathe_v his_o last_o to_o he_o quintillus_n his_o brother_n succeed_v but_o hear_v that_o aurelian_a be_v choose_v emperor_n he_o order_v his_o physician_n to_o cut_v his_o vein_n and_o so_o expire_v aurelian_a have_v baffle_v the_o scythian_n and_o subdue_v all_o the_o pretender_n to_o the_o government_n have_v build_v the_o wall_n of_o rome_n and_o settle_v the_o civil_a state_n of_o that_o city_n which_o take_v up_o the_o two_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n undertake_v a_o expedition_n into_o the_o east_n to_o reduce_v palmyra_n which_o at_o that_o time_n have_v bring_v under_o its_o jurisdiction_n all_o egypt_n and_o all_o the_o east_n home_n to_o ancyra_n the_o metropolis_n of_o galatia_n and_o will_v have_v extend_v its_o conquest_n over_o bythinia_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o chalcedon_n if_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v be_v make_v acquaint_v with_o the_o resolution_n of_o aurelian_a have_v not_o emancipate_v themselves_o from_o that_o yoke_n aurelian_a do_v not_o march_v direct_o into_o the_o east_n 216._o vopisc_n p._n 216._o but_o secure_v the_o province_n through_o which_o he_o go_v be_v force_v to_o fight_v many_o battle_n by_o the_o way_n before_o he_o reach_v syria_n for_o in_o illyricum_n and_o thrace_n he_o overthrow_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o goth_n and_o slay_v five_o thousand_o of_o they_o with_o their_o commander_n cannabas_n after_o which_o he_o march_v through_o byzantium_n into_o bythinia_n which_o have_v declare_v for_o his_o interest_n take_v tyana_n which_o be_v betray_v to_o he_o by_o heraclammon_n but_o spare_v the_o city_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o philosopher_n apollonius_n who_o be_v bear_v there_o while_o he_o order_v the_o traitor_n to_o be_v execute_v all_o the_o other_o city_n between_o tyana_n and_o antioch_n render_v themselves_o near_a antioch_n zenobia_n have_v fix_v her_o station_n in_o the_o head_n of_o a_o numerous_a army_n advantageous_o post_v but_o aurelian_a be_v a_o prince_n of_o undaunted_a courage_n a_o bold_a spirit_n and_o dextrous_a address_n and_o prepare_v himself_o as_o become_v a_o prudent_a general_n for_o a_o battle_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o strength_n of_o zenobia_n force_n consist_v in_o her_o horseman_n who_o be_v arm_v cap-a-pée_a and_o better_o understand_v horsemanship_n than_o the_o roman_a troop_n he_o post_v his_o foot_n beyond_o the_o river_n orontes_n in_o a_o separate_a body_n and_o command_v his_o horse_n not_o to_o engage_v the_o palmyrenian_o while_o their_o body_n be_v fresh_a and_o lusty_a but_o when_o they_o charge_v to_o retire_v and_o dissemble_v a_o flight_n till_o the_o extreme_a heat_n of_o the_o wether_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o heavy_a arm_n have_v tire_v they_o and_o force_v they_o to_o desist_v from_o the_o pursuit_n the_o due_a observation_n of_o this_o order_n get_v the_o victory_n for_o when_o the_o roman_n by_o this_o manner_n of_o fight_v have_v satigue_v the_o palmyrenian_a troop_n and_o tire_v their_o horse_n than_o they_o charge_v they_o with_o the_o utmost_a vigour_n and_o as_o they_o fall_v from_o their_o horse_n or_o their_o horse_n sink_v under_o they_o tread_v they_o under_o their_o foot_n the_o slaughter_n be_v various_a some_o be_v slay_v with_o the_o sword_n other_o stifle_v with_o the_o fall_n of_o their_o own_o horse_n upon_o they_o a_o three_o sort_n trample_v to_o death_n by_o the_o roman_a troop_n while_o the_o scatter_a remainder_n of_o that_o great_a army_n flee_v to_o antioch_n this_o battle_n be_v fight_v say_v hier._n say_v chron._n ex_fw-la vers_fw-la hier._n eusebius_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o the_o 250th_o olympiad_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 273_o at_o south_n at_o apud_fw-la timas_n hier._n lege_fw-la apud_fw-la imas_fw-la a_o easy_a mistake_n of_o the_o copyist_n for_o aput_fw-la imas_fw-la apud_fw-la imas_fw-la in_o sextus_n rufus_n and_o eutropius_n in_o ptolemy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o georgius_n syncellus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o st._n hier._n vit._n malchi_n imma_n
it_o be_v a_o town_n of_o seleucis_n between_o gindarus_n and_o gephyra_n say_v ptolemy_n and_o hier._n say_v that_o the_o desert_n of_o chalcis_n be_v situate_a between_o imma_n and_o emesa_n to_o the_o south_n imma_n not_o far_o from_o antioch_n and_o in_o the_o engagement_n pompeianus_n the_o frank_n who_o family_n thereupon_o settle_v at_o antioch_n and_o be_v in_o be_v in_o st._n jerom_n time_n his_o dear_a friend_n euagrius_n be_v of_o that_o house_n and_o lineage_n do_v the_o emperor_n extraordinary_a service_n and_o behave_v himself_o with_o great_a bravery_n and_o it_o be_v this_o battle_n or_o rather_o the_o shadow_n of_o a_o battle_n say_v 23._o say_v l._n 7._o c._n 23._o orosius_n for_o zenobia_n be_v rather_o fright_v than_o beat_v into_o submission_n that_o put_v that_o great_a princess_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o decide_v the_o controversy_n say_v eutropius_n and_o aurelius_n victor_n but_o they_o be_v both_o mistake_v for_o zenobia_n lose_v her_o empire_n in_o a_o much_o sharp_a engagement_n at_o emesa_n where_o her_o force_n be_v entire_o rout_v of_o which_o more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n chap._n xxiii_o zabdas_n the_o general_n of_o zenobia_n army_n 45._o zosim_fw-la p._n 45._o a_o commander_n of_o great_a experience_n and_o till_o then_o as_o great_a success_n fear_v lest_o the_o people_n of_o antioch_n upon_o the_o report_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o battle_n shall_v have_v fall_v upon_o and_o insult_v the_o remain_v of_o his_o conquer_a troop_n have_v find_v a_o man_n who_o somewhat_o resemble_v aurelian_a clad_v he_o in_o such_o habit_n as_o that_o prince_n use_v to_o wear_v when_o he_o fight_v lead_v he_o through_o the_o street_n of_o that_o large_a city_n in_o triumph_n as_o if_o he_o have_v get_v the_o victory_n and_o make_v the_o emperor_n his_o prisoner_n by_o this_o stratagem_n zabdas_n impose_v upon_o the_o citizen_n of_o antioch_n and_o amuze_v they_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o that_o day_n till_o the_o night_n come_v on_o he_o retire_v with_o zenobia_n to_o emesa_n and_o thus_o he_o delude_v the_o antiochian_o who_o otherwise_o will_v have_v much_o incommode_v his_o retreat_n and_o escape_v be_v surprise_v and_o ruin_v by_o aurelian_a for_o the_o emperor_n have_v recall_v his_o foot_n from_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o orontes_n with_o a_o intention_n the_o next_o day_n to_o have_v failen_a upon_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o palmyrenian_a army_n on_o every_o side_n but_o his_o design_n be_v frustrate_v by_o the_o flight_n of_o zenobia_n whereupon_o he_o alter_v his_o intention_n and_o enter_v antioch_n be_v receive_v by_o the_o citizen_n with_o all_o the_o mark_n of_o zeal_n for_o his_o service_n and_o be_v so_o well_o please_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o their_o repentance_n and_o submission_n that_o he_o publish_v a_o indemnity_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o recall_v those_o who_o have_v flee_v out_o of_o fear_n of_o be_v punish_v for_o adhere_v to_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o palmyra_n at_o this_o time_n aurelian_a be_v inform_v that_o a_o party_n of_o the_o palmyrenian_o have_v post_v themselves_o advantageous_o on_o a_o hill_n that_o overlook_v daphne_n the_o famous_a suburb_n of_o antioch_n in_o confidence_n that_o the_o steepness_n of_o the_o place_n will_v secure_v they_o from_o all_o the_o attack_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o the_o emperor_n command_v his_o infantry_n to_o draw_v themselves_o into_o their_o close_a order_n and_o to_o cover_v themselves_o with_o their_o shield_n so_o to_o bear_v off_o the_o dart_n and_o stone_n that_o their_o adversary_n may_v hurl_v down_o upon_o they_o and_o by_o this_o method_n they_o get_v a_o easy_a victory_n and_o put_v all_o their_o enemy_n to_o flight_n who_o the_o roman_n pursue_v so_o close_o that_o some_o be_v force_v to_o throw_v themselves_o off_o from_o the_o precipice_n and_o so_o be_v tear_v in_o piece_n while_o the_o remainder_n perish_v by_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o victor_n after_o this_o the_o city_n of_o apamea_n larissa_n and_o arethusa_n open_v their_o gate_n and_o submit_v to_o the_o conqueror_n receive_v he_o with_o all_o the_o mark_n of_o honour_n and_o respect_n but_o aurelian_a understanding_n that_o the_o army_n of_o zenobia_n and_o her_o ally_n be_v no_o less_o than_o seventy_o thousand_o man_n be_v encamp_v in_o the_o plain_a before_o emesa_n immediate_o move_v towards_o they_o and_o encamp_v with_o his_o dalmatian_a mysian_a and_o pannonian_n horse_n with_o the_o legion_n of_o noricum_n and_o rhaetia_n and_o with_o his_o praetorian_a band_n who_o be_v all_o select_a troop_n and_o try_v man_n in_o view_n of_o the_o enemy_n beside_o these_o regiment_n aurelian_a have_v in_o his_o army_n several_a troop_n of_o moorish_a horse_n of_o the_o militia_n of_o asia_n from_o tyana_n and_o from_o mesopotamia_n syria_n phenicia_n and_o palestine_n all_o choice_n men._n when_o the_o army_n engage_v the_o roman_a horse_n take_v care_n not_o to_o be_v enclose_v by_o the_o palmyrenian_o who_o be_v superior_a to_o they_o in_o number_n and_o gall_v they_o very_o severe_o break_v and_o disorder_v their_o rank_n but_o as_o they_o be_v about_o to_o turn_v their_o back_n the_o roman_a foot_n charge_v the_o enemy_n troop_n so_o brisk_o that_o they_o soon_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n upon_o this_o follow_v a_o bloody_a slaughter_n the_o jew_n fall_v on_o with_o their_o club_n and_o mace_n which_o make_v a_o thunder_a and_o unusual_a noise_n upon_o the_o armour_n of_o brass_n and_o iron_n in_o which_o the_o palmyrenian_o charge_v the_o whole_a country_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o carcase_n of_o man_n and_o horse_n while_o the_o few_o that_o escape_v flee_v to_o the_o city_n zenobia_n be_v extreme_o grieve_v as_o she_o ought_v at_o her_o defeat_n deliberate_v what_o she_o shall_v do_v and_o it_o be_v unanimous_o in_o council_n agree_v that_o she_o shall_v desert_n emesa_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n be_v her_o enemy_n and_o wish_v well_o to_o the_o roman_n and_o betake_v herself_o to_o palmyra_n where_o be_v more_o secure_a she_o may_v consult_v at_o leisure_n how_o to_o repair_v her_o lose_a fortune_n this_o advice_n she_o immediate_o comply_v with_o and_o flee_v to_o palmyra_n the_o news_n of_o her_o flight_n be_v bring_v to_o aurelian_a he_o enter_v emesa_n in_o triumph_n cover_v with_o the_o trophy_n of_o a_o noble_a victory_n and_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o citizen_n with_o all_o the_o mark_n of_o joy_n and_o according_a to_o the_o desert_n of_o a_o invincible_a hero_n at_o emesa_n he_o seize_v the_o treasure_n of_o zenobia_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o her_o precipitate_a haste_n she_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v behind_o she_o and_o then_o with_o all_o imaginable_a speed_n move_v towards_o palmyra_n in_o his_o march_n 218._o vopisc_n p._n 218._o the_o syrian_a banditti_z much_o infest_a his_o camp_n for_o they_o have_v 155._o victor_n p._n 155._o during_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o empire_n make_v themselves_o very_o formidable_a their_o troop_n be_v numerous_a their_o horse_n fleet_n to_o admiration_n and_o the_o desert_n favour_v their_o retreat_n with_o their_o prey_n inasmuch_o as_o at_o this_o time_n it_o be_v proverbial_a at_o rome_n that_o none_o but_o woman_n and_o thief_n govern_v the_o east_n when_o aurelian_a have_v quit_v himself_o of_o these_o troublesome_a attendant_n he_o form_v the_o siege_n of_o palmyra_n straight_o beleague_v the_o city_n and_o fortify_v his_o camp_n with_o castle_n while_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n furnish_v he_o with_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n the_o besiege_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v possess_v with_o a_o vain_a opinion_n that_o their_o city_n be_v impregnable_a deride_v the_o attempt_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o if_o they_o must_v be_v force_v in_o a_o few_o day_n to_o raise_v their_o siege_n for_o want_v of_o necessary_n while_o the_o city_n be_v well_o provide_v with_o all_o the_o requisite_n of_o war_n the_o garrison_n numerous_a and_o brave_a and_o engage_v to_o fight_v not_o as_o before_z for_o glory_n and_o conquest_n but_o for_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o their_o own_o liberty_n their_o all_o be_v at_o stake_n for_o it_o be_v beyond_o the_o reach_n of_o fancy_n to_o imagine_v say_v aurelian_a in_o his_o letter_n to_o mucapore_n what_o vast_a quantity_n of_o arm_n and_o military_a store_n be_v in_o that_o city_n that_o no_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n be_v without_o two_o or_o three_o engine_n to_o throw_v dart_n and_o other_o instrument_n of_o mischief_n into_o the_o enemy_n camp_n that_o with_o some_o of_o their_o machine_n they_n throw_v fire_n among_o their_o tent_n and_o that_o the_o garrison_n behave_v themselves_o with_o so_o much_o resolution_n that_o aurelian_a have_v be_v wound_v with_o a_o arrow_n have_v like_a to_o have_v breathe_v his_o last_o under_o the_o wall_n of_o palmyra_n chap._n xxiv_o this_o resolution_n of_o the_o
and_o rapine_n as_o aurelian_a in_o his_o letter_n to_o cejonius_fw-la bassus_n relate_v spare_v neither_o age_n sex_n nor_o quality_n involve_v woman_n and_o child_n old_a and_o young_a the_o nobility_n and_o the_o boor_n in_o the_o same_o common_a ruin_n till_o there_o be_v hardly_o leave_v a_o man_n to_o inhabit_v the_o city_n or_o to_o manure_v the_o ground_n such_o a_o revenge_n satiate_v even_o the_o fierce_a temper_n of_o aurelian_a inasmuch_o as_o he_o he_o write_v to_o cejonius_fw-la bassus_n or_o rather_o cerronius_n according_a to_o the_o old_a copy_n probable_o the_o same_o cerronius_n the_o general_n of_o the_o dalmatian_a troop_n who_o slay_v gallienus_n who_o i_o conjecture_v aurelian_a left_a the_o governor_n of_o palmyrene_n to_o put_v a_o period_n to_o the_o carnage_n and_o to_o spare_v the_o poor_a remain_v of_o that_o unfortunate_a city_n enjoin_v he_o express_o to_o build_v the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o have_v be_v sack_v it_o and_o rifle_v by_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o three_o legion_n as_o magnificent_o as_o it_o have_v be_v in_o time_n past_a and_o by_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o extant_a at_o this_o append_v vid._n append_v day_n it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v a_o stupendous_a building_n to_o the_o repair_v this_o noble_a structure_n he_o enjoin_v he_o to_o expend_v 300_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n which_o he_o find_v in_o the_o coffer_n of_o zenobia_n beside_o 1800_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n which_o be_v raise_v from_o the_o sale_n of_o the_o people_n good_n together_o with_o the_o crown_n jewel_n all_o which_o he_o order_v to_o be_v sell_v to_o make_v money_n to_o beautify_v the_o temple_n while_o himself_o promise_v to_o write_v to_o the_o senate_n to_o send_v a_o priest_n from_o rome_n to_o dedicate_v it_o after_o this_o aurelian_a return_n into_o europe_n without_o any_o disturbance_n carry_v the_o unhappy_a zenobia_n his_o prisoner_n with_o he_o to_o rome_n till_o she_o become_v one_o of_o the_o ornament_n of_o his_o triumph_n whither_o i_o shall_v follow_v she_o to_o complete_a her_o story_n when_o i_o have_v brief_o consider_v the_o fortune_n of_o her_o associate_n firmius_n chap._n xvii_o when_o aurelian_a have_v put_v to_o death_n all_o zenobia_n councillor_n military_a officer_n and_o associate_n and_o destroy_v the_o city_n marcus_n firmius_n as_o the_o coin_n style_v he_o while_o the_o historian_n call_v he_o firmus_n one_o of_o the_o confederate_n of_o the_o captive_a princess_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n 242._o emperor_n vopis_n p._n 242._o and_o endeavour_v to_o revenge_v her_o quarrel_n he_o be_v bear_v at_o seleucia_n and_o breed_v up_o to_o all_o manner_n of_o robu_v exercise_n nature_n have_v fit_v he_o with_o a_o gigantic_a body_n qualify_v for_o such_o undertake_n his_o stature_n be_v tall_a to_o a_o prodigy_n and_o his_o limb_n so_o firm_a that_o support_v himself_o only_o with_o his_o hand_n he_o can_v endure_v the_o smith_n when_o they_o have_v lay_v a_o anvil_n on_o his_o bare_a breast_n to_o smite_v on_o it_o with_o their_o sledge_n and_o proportionable_a to_o his_o strength_n be_v his_o stomach_n for_o he_o use_v to_o eat_v a_o ostrich_n at_o a_o meal_n and_o can_v swallow_v at_o a_o sit_v though_o his_o usual_a drink_n be_v water_n as_o much_o wine_n as_o two_o bucket_n will_v hold_v he_o have_v also_o ama_v vast_a wealth_n have_v often_o send_v his_o ship_n to_o trade_n in_o the_o east-indies_n which_o return_v load_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o rich_a good_n and_o among_o other_o rarity_n two_o elephant_n tooth_n of_o ten_o foot_n long_o and_o of_o the_o product_n of_o egypt_n he_o have_v in_o his_o warehouse_n as_o much_o paper_n and_o glue_v as_o will_v maintain_v a_o army_n loc_n vid._n salmas_n in_o loc_n and_o that_o he_o may_v keep_v a_o port_n suitable_a to_o his_o station_n to_o his_o riches_n and_o his_o dignity_n he_o build_v he_o a_o noble_a and_o pompous_a palace_n at_o alexandria_n firmius_n have_v thus_o fill_v his_o coffer_n and_o provide_v all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o maintain_v the_o interest_n he_o resolve_v to_o engage_v in_o declare_v himself_o a_o friend_n and_o confederate_a to_o zenobia_n nor_o be_v it_o altogether_o improbable_a that_o zenobia_n constitute_v he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o extraordinary_a strength_n and_o courage_n and_o master_n of_o a_o great_a estate_n her_o governor_n over_o egypt_n when_o zabdas_n have_v conquer_v it_o and_o when_o that_o illustrious_a queen_n fall_v into_o her_o misfortune_n he_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o blemmyoe_n and_o saracen_n and_o then_o declare_v himself_o emperor_n as_o the_o coin_n express_o prove_v though_o aurelian_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o age_n which_o style_v all_o tyrant_n and_o usurper_n thief_n will_v not_o allow_v he_o a_o better_a title_n than_o that_o of_o the_o egyptian_a robber_n and_o though_o vopiscus_n say_v that_o he_o declare_v egypt_n a_o free_a state_n refuse_v to_o assume_v the_o ensign_n of_o royalty_n and_o have_v recollect_v the_o scatter_a force_n of_o zenobia_n army_n undertake_v to_o support_v the_o improsperous_a cause_n and_o to_o defend_v alexandria_n but_o no_o power_n can_v resist_v the_o genius_n of_o aurelian_a for_o after_o the_o return_n of_o that_o great_a man_n from_o carrae_n firmius_n fall_v a_o victor_n to_o the_o conqueror_n and_o some_o say_v become_v his_o own_o executioner_n but_o aurelian_a himself_n affirm_v that_o after_o he_o have_v rout_v his_o army_n he_o besiege_v he_o in_o alexandria_n and_o have_v take_v the_o city_n by_o storm_n he_o severe_o chastise_v the_o citizen_n for_o their_o sedition_n but_o crucified_a their_o ephemerous_a emperor_n for_o he_o do_v not_o reign_v a_o full_a year_n which_o be_v the_o usual_a punishment_n to_o which_o thief_n be_v condemn_v from_o egypt_n the_o fierce_a and_o indefatigable_a emperor_n march_v his_o troop_n towards_o the_o west_n vex_v and_o angry_a that_o tetricus_n still_o maintain_v his_o pretension_n to_o the_o purple_a in_o france_n but_o upon_o his_o approach_n tetricus_n who_o can_v no_o long_o endure_v nor_o digest_v the_o insolence_n of_o his_o legion_n give_v up_o his_o army_n to_o aurelian_a who_o have_v thus_o quiet_v the_o affair_n of_o both_o the_o east_n and_o west_n return_v to_o rome_n with_o his_o captive_n which_o city_n he_o resolve_v to_o enter_v in_o state_n as_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o universe_n chap._n xxviii_o the_o affair_n of_o zenobia_n after_o she_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o aurelian_a be_v different_o relate_v 55._o relate_v l._n 1._o p._n 55._o zosimus_n aver_v that_o the_o victorious_a emperor_n carry_v she_o her_o son_n and_o all_o her_o accomplice_n with_o he_o towards_o rome_n and_o that_o it_o be_v report_v that_o she_o either_o die_v of_o some_o disease_n or_o that_o refuse_v all_o manner_n of_o sustenance_n she_o starve_v herself_o and_o that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o captive_n except_o her_o son_n be_v shipwreck_v and_o drown_v in_o the_o strait_n between_o chalcedon_n and_o byzantium_n 397._o byzantium_n pay_n 2._o p._n 397._o malela_n say_v that_o aurelian_a cause_v she_o to_o ride_v on_o a_o dromedary_n and_o carry_v she_o with_o he_o through_o all_o the_o east_n till_o he_o come_v to_o antioch_n where_o for_o three_o day_n he_o expose_v she_o to_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o people_n load_v with_o fetter_n who_o have_v often_o see_v she_o in_o the_o height_n of_o her_o glory_n after_o which_o he_o transport_v she_o to_o rome_n where_o after_o she_o have_v act_v her_o part_n among_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o conquer_a province_n he_o cause_v she_o to_o be_v behead_v but_o 240._o but_o tom._n 2._o p._n 240._o zonaras_n talk_v doubtful_o his_o author_n from_o who_o he_o derive_v his_o notice_n differ_v in_o their_o account_n some_o affirm_v that_o the_o victor_n use_v she_o with_o the_o great_a clemency_n and_o marry_v she_o at_o rome_n to_o a_o man_n of_o quality_n syncellus_n say_v he_o be_v a_o senator_n other_o that_o she_o die_v by_o the_o way_n oppress_v with_o grief_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o her_o empire_n and_o that_o aurelian_a himself_n marry_v one_o of_o her_o daughter_n and_o dispose_v of_o the_o other_o for_o wife_n to_o the_o most_o illustrious_a of_o the_o roman_n but_o in_o the_o memoir_n of_o the_o western_a affair_n we_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o writer_n of_o that_o country_n who_o may_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o what_o be_v do_v in_o their_o own_o country_n than_o those_o who_o live_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n in_o the_o east_n and_o they_o all_o agree_v etc._n hier._n chron._n eutrop._n treb._n pol._n etc._n etc._n that_o zenobia_n survive_v all_o her_o misfortune_n that_o aurelian_a give_v she_o her_o life_n for_o her_o own_o sake_n and_o for_o the_o merit_n of_o odenathus_n and_o that_o she_o live_v very_o happy_o
with_o a_o deification_n as_o both_o the_o historian_n and_o the_o coin_n declare_v chap._n xxxii_o but_o though_o palmyra_n be_v thus_o ruin_v by_o the_o command_v of_o aurelian_a i_o can_v think_v it_o be_v whole_o raze_v it_o not_o be_v consonant_n to_o the_o wisdom_n of_o that_o august_n government_n to_o slight_v so_o strong_a a_o garrison_n upon_o the_o border_n for_o this_o will_v have_v be_v the_o same_o as_o to_o invite_v the_o persian_n to_o a_o new_a invasion_n but_o that_o the_o emperor_n who_o give_v a_o particular_a order_n to_o rebuild_v beautify_v and_o endow_v the_o noble_a temple_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o have_v be_v plunder_v and_o destroy_v by_o the_o insolent_a soldier_n do_v also_o take_v care_n that_o the_o city_n shall_v be_v put_v in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n so_o as_o it_o may_v obstruct_v the_o eruption_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o that_o to_o that_o end_n he_o constitute_v cerronius_n bassus_n the_o governor_n of_o that_o province_n though_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o lose_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o roman_a colony_n of_o a_o metropolis_n and_o in_o all_o probability_n of_o a_o free_a city_n and_o be_v only_o leave_v in_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o garrison_n or_o praesidium_n for_o as_o it_o be_v usual_a to_o advance_v a_o praesidium_n or_o fort_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o a_o city_n as_o bosra_n in_o arabia_n be_v promote_v by_o the_o emperor_n severus_n so_o on_o the_o contrary_a a_o city_n often_o lose_v its_o franchise_n when_o it_o turn_v rebel_n to_o the_o emperor_n in_o this_o condition_n i_o suppose_v it_o to_o have_v be_v when_o dioclesian_n and_o maximinian_n wear_v the_o imperial_a purple_n hierocles_n at_o that_o time_n be_v the_o praefect_n of_o the_o province_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o only_a latin_a inscription_n that_o have_v be_v as_o yet_o find_v at_o palmyra_n the_o pillar_n be_v erect_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o abovenamed_a emperor_n append_v vid._n append_v and_o of_o constantius_n and_o galerius_n maximianus_n the_o caesar_n who_o have_v most_o happy_o found_v castra_n now_o that_o we_o may_v know_v when_o castra_n be_v found_v it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n at_o that_o time_n dioclesian_n have_v be_v oppose_v by_o many_o competitor_n be_v particular_o rival_v by_o achilleus_n in_o egypt_n chron._n eutrop._n brev_n idat._v chron._n against_o he_o therefore_o he_o march_v in_o person_n besiege_v he_o in_o alexandria_n and_o at_o last_o slay_v he_o after_o this_o he_o go_v into_o mesopotamia_n and_o there_o make_v a_o halt_n send_v galerius_n ann._n chr._n 296_o against_o narses_n king_n of_o persia_n galerius_n rash_o engage_v the_o persian_n between_o callinicus_n and_o carrae_n with_o a_o very_a small_a force_n be_v rout_v and_o beat_v back_o to_o the_o camp_n of_o dioclesian_n who_o when_o he_o meet_v he_o treat_v he_o with_o so_o much_o scorn_n that_o he_o make_v he_o run_v in_o his_o purple_a robe_n some_o mile_n by_o his_o chariot-side_n like_o a_o footman_n before_o he_o vouchsafe_v to_o speak_v to_o he_o but_o in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o this_o ann._n chr._n 297_o upon_o galerius_n his_o important_a solicitation_n he_o furnish_v he_o with_o recruit_n from_o illyricum_n and_o maesia_n and_o command_v he_o to_o retrieve_v the_o honour_n he_o have_v lose_v in_o the_o first_o engagement_n and_o according_o he_o behave_v himself_o with_o so_o much_o bravery_n in_o the_o second_o battle_n in_o which_o with_o 25000_o man_n he_o break_v into_o the_o enemy_n camp_n that_o he_o rout_v the_o persian_n beat_v they_o out_o of_o armenia_n major_n where_o they_o have_v post_v themselves_o take_v the_o tent_n and_o baggage_n of_o narses_n and_o a_o great_a booty_n make_v his_o wife_n his_o sister_n and_o child_n his_o daughter_n say_v rufus_n festus_n with_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o persian_a nobility_n prisoner_n drive_v the_o king_n to_o fly_v for_o shelter_n to_o the_o remote_a solitude_n of_o his_o 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garrison_v with_o 6000_o man_n and_o in_o the_o 13_o year_n of_o supr_fw-la of_o precop_n ubi_fw-la supr_fw-la justinian_n when_o chosroes_n bring_v his_o force_n thither_o with_o a_o design_n that_o way_n to_o invade_v the_o empire_n he_o dare_v not_o attempt_v it_o after_o which_o time_n how_o long_o it_o continue_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n i_o know_v not_o by_o all_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o castra_n be_v found_v anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 27_o 8_o 9_o and_o that_o at_o that_o time_n hierocles_n be_v governor_n of_o palmyra_n chap._n xxxiii_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o honorius_n palmyra_n continue_v a_o roman_a garrison_n the_o town_n be_v then_o under_o the_o inspection_n of_o the_o dux_n phoeniciae_n as_o the_o notitiae_fw-la collect_v probable_o in_o that_o emperor_n reign_n affirm_v command_v by_o a_o colonel_n or_o praefect_n of_o the_o first_o illyrian_a legion_n which_o be_v leave_v there_o in_o garrison_n and_o in_o this_o state_n it_o be_v 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&_o l._n 5._o c._n 1._o p._n 95._o that_o there_o be_v a_o city_n of_o phoenicia_n near_o mount_n libanus_n call_v palmyra_n build_v of_o old_a in_o a_o country_n that_o have_v no_o neighbour_n but_o such_o as_o be_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n but_o most_o commodious_o situate_v to_o observe_v the_o movement_n of_o the_o saracen_n the_o enemy_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v be_v build_v on_o purpose_n to_o prevent_v the_o eruption_n of_o those_o barbarian_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n this_o city_n have_v be_v for_o a_o long_a time_n desert_v justinian_n strengthen_v with_o extraordinary_a fortification_n bring_v water_n to_o the_o place_n for_o the_o support_n of_o a_o strong_a garrison_n which_o he_o fix_v there_o and_o to_o justinian_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o attribute_v the_o build_n the_o castle_n of_o palmyra_n 103._o vid._n journal_n p._n 84_o 85_o 103._o rather_o than_o to_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o druses_n who_o never_o that_o we_o read_v of_o enlarge_v their_o territory_n 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from_o which_o passage_n it_o appear_v that_o in_o benjamin_n time_n the_o eastern_a jew_n a_o race_n of_o know_a wanderer_n have_v nest_v in_o tadmur_n desert_v probable_o by_o the_o arab_n and_o that_o they_o live_v by_o rapine_n and_o inroad_n when_o the_o caliphs_n of_o babylon_n begin_v to_o lose_v their_o empire_n i_o question_v not_o but_o tadmur_n become_v subject_a to_o the_o mamaluke_n and_o upon_o the_o fall_n of_o their_o empire_n to_o the_o grand_a signior_n under_o who_o jurisdiction_n they_o now_o live_v though_o govern_v by_o a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o and_o by_o the_o usage_n of_o our_o english_a merchant_n when_o melham_n be_v their_o emir_n it_o be_v put_v past_o all_o doubt_n that_o they_o have_v not_o forget_v to_o this_o day_n the_o custom_n of_o their_o ancestor_n of_o rob_v all_o that_o fall_v into_o their_o hand_n for_o which_o rapine_n and_o their_o other_o ill_a management_n their_o emir_n be_v frequent_o depose_v and_o sometime_o strangle_v by_o the_o ottoman_a port_n so_o melham_n who_o rob_v the_o english_a merchant_n be_v in_o some_o time_n after_o surprise_v by_o the_o bassa_n of_o aleppo_n and_o put_v to_o death_n hassine_n his_o successor_n be_v anno_fw-la 1693_o depose_v and_o one_o dor_n substitute_v the_o emir_n of_o those_o arab_n thus_o i_o have_v according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o my_o understanding_n give_v the_o history_n of_o palmyra_n from_o its_o first_o foundation_n to_o the_o present_a age_n and_o by_o this_o account_n we_o may_v learn_v that_o city_n as_o well_o as_o their_o inhabitant_n have_v their_o infancy_n and_o youth_n their_o riper_n year_n and_o their_o â—â—ecrepit_a day_n that_o nothing_o can_v resist_v the_o insult_v of_o time_n and_o the_o barbarity_n of_o ungovernable_a conqueror_n and_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o erect_v a_o monument_n to_o our_o memory_n that_o shall_v be_v last_v but_o a_o noble_a series_n of_o virtuous_a and_o brave_a action_n that_o they_o only_o rescue_v from_o oblivion_n and_o give_v immortality_n when_o marble_n shall_v moulder_n into_o dust_n and_o the_o world_n itself_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o finis_fw-la the_o appendix_n or_o critical_a observation_n upon_o the_o name_n of_o palmyra_n and_o tadmur_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n their_o office_n and_o religion_n together_o with_o a_o account_n of_o vaballathus_n and_o longinus_n and_o a_o commentary_n on_o the_o inscription_n inscriptiones_fw-la palmyrenae_n i._o sepulchralia_fw-la i._o 1._o το_n μνημειον_fw-gr του_n ταÏφεωνοϲ_n εκτιϲεν_fw-gr εξιδιων_fw-gr ϲεπτιμιοϲ_n οδαιναθοϲ_n ο_n λαμπÏοτατοϲ_n ϲυνκλητ_n ικοϲ_n αιÏανου_n ουαβαλλαθου_n του_n ναϲωÏου_n αυτωτε_n και_n υιοιϲ_n αυτου_n και_n υιωνοιϲ_n ειϲ_n το_n παν-τελεϲ_a αιωνιον_fw-gr τειμην_fw-gr ii_o 2._o μαÏθειν_fw-gr αλεξανδÏου_n του_n καπαδητου_n ουαβαλλαθουτου_n ϲυμωνου_n ϲοÏαιχοϲ_n αιÏανου_n ανηÏ_n αυτηϲ_n μνημηϲ_n ενεκεν_fw-gr μηνει_n δυϲτÏω_fw-gr του_n Ï‚Ï…_n ετουϲ_n iii_o 3._o το_n μνημειον_fw-gr εκτιϲαν_fw-gr εκαβηλεϲ_n μανναιοϲ_n ϲοχαειϲ_n μαλχϲϲ_n ουαβαλλαθου_n του_n μανναιου_n του_n ελαβηλου_n αυτω_fw-gr και_n υιοιϲ_n ετουϲ_n διυ_n μηνοϲ_n σανδικου_n iv_o 4._o μνημειον_fw-gr αιωνιον_fw-gr γεÏαϲ_n ωκοδομηϲεν_fw-gr γιχοϲ_n μοκιμου_n του_n καιλκιαλϲιϲου_n του_n μα_n ........_o ου_n ειϲτε_n εαυτον_fw-gr και_n υιουϲ_n και_n εκγονουϲ_n ετουϲ_n διτ_n μηνει_n ξανδικω_fw-gr ii_o elogia_fw-la honoraria_fw-la i._o publica_n ex_fw-la decreto_fw-la senatûs_fw-la 5._o ηβουαη_n και_n ο_n δημοϲ_n αλιλαμενα_n Ïανου_n μοκιμου_n του_n αιÏανου_n του_n μαθθα_n και_n αιÏανην_fw-gr τον_fw-gr ÏατεÏα_n αυτου_n ευϲεβεις_n και_n ÏηιλοÏατÏιδαϲ_n κ_n αι_n Ïαντι_n Ï„ÏοÏω_fw-gr ευ_n ϲειμωϲ_n αÏεϲανταϲ_n τηÏατÏιδικαι_n ÏατÏιοιϲ_n θεοιϲ_n τειμηϲ_n χαÏιν_fw-gr ετουϲ_n νυ_n λ_n μηνοϲ_n ξανδικου_n ii_o 6._o η_n βουλη_n και_n ο_n δημοϲ_n βαÏειχειν_fw-gr αμÏιϲαμϲου_n του_n ιαÏιβωλεουϲ_n και_n μοκιμον_fw-gr υιον_fw-gr αυτου_n ευϲεβειϲ_n και_n ÏηιλοÏατÏιδαϲ_n τειμηϲ_n χαÏιν_fw-gr ...._o iii_o 7._o η_n βουλη_n και_n ο_n δημοϲ_n ιουλιον_fw-gr αυÏηλιον_fw-gr ζηνοβιον_fw-gr τον_fw-gr και_n ζαβδιλαν_fw-gr διϲμαλχου_n του_n ναϲϲουμου_n ϲτÏατηγηϲαντ'α_n εν_fw-gr εÏιδημια_n θεου_n αλεξανδÏου_n και_n Ï…ÏηÏετηϲαντα_n ÏαÏουϲια_n διηνεκει_n Ïουτιλλιου_n κÏιϲÏεινου_n του_n ηγηϲαμενου_n και_n εÏιδημηϲαϲαιϲ_n ουηξιλλατιοϲιν_fw-gr αγοÏανομηϲαντατε_n και_n οικονιϲωνα_n Ïηειδηϲαντα_n χÏηματων_fw-gr και_n καλωϲ_n Ïολειτευϲαμενον_fw-gr ωϲ_n δια_n ταυτα_n μαÏÏ„Ï…Ïηθεντα_n Ï…Ïο_n θεου_n ιαÏιβωλου_n και_n Ï…Ïο_n ιουλιου_n ......._o του_n εξοχωτατου_n εÏαÏχου_n του_n ιεÏου_n ÏÏαιτωÏιου_n και_n τηϲ_n ÏατÏιδοϲ_n τον_fw-gr ÏηιλοÏατÏιν_fw-gr τειμηϲ_n χαÏιν_fw-gr ετουϲ_n δνÏη_n iv_o 8._o η_n βουλ_n η_n και_n ο_n δη_n μοϲ_n ϲεÏτιμιον_fw-gr τον_fw-gr κÏατιϲτον_fw-gr ε_n ÏιτÏοÏον_fw-gr ϲ_n εβαϲτου_n δουκην_fw-gr αÏιον_fw-gr ...._o εοδοτην_fw-gr τηϲ_n μητ_n οκολω_fw-gr νειαϲκαι_n ανακοκομιϲα_n ντα_n Ï„_n αϲ_n ϲυνοδιας_n εξ_n ιδιων_fw-gr και_n μαÏÏ„Ï…Ïηθεντα_n Ï…Ïο_n ιων_fw-gr αÏχεμÏοÏωνκαι_n λαμÏÏωϲ_n ϲτÏατηγηϲαντα_n και_n ααγοÏαμομηϲαντα_n τηϲ_n αυτηϲ_n μητÏοκολωνειαϲ_n και_n Ïλειϲτα_n οικοθεν_fw-gr αναλωϲαντα_n καιαÏεϲαντα_n τητε_n αυτη_n βουλη_n και_n τωδημω_fw-gr και_n νυνει_n λαμÏÏωϲ_n ϲυμÏοϲιαÏχον_fw-gr των_fw-gr του_n διοϲ_n βηλου_n ιε_n Ï_n ων_fw-gr τειμηϲ_n ενεκεν_fw-gr ετ_n ............_o ξανδικω_fw-gr ii_o elogia_fw-la honoraria_fw-la privata_fw-la i._o 9_o ιουλιον_fw-gr αυÏηλαιον_fw-gr ζεβειδαν_fw-gr μοκιμου_n του_n ζεβειδου_n ......._o αϲτηωÏοβαιδαιοι_n ϲυν_fw-gr α_n Ï…_n τω_fw-gr κατελτηοντεϲ_n εϲ_n ολογεϲιαδα_n ενÏοÏοιαν_fw-gr εϲτηϲαν_fw-gr αÏεϲαντα_n αυτοιϲ_n τειμηϲ_n χαÏιν_fw-gr ξανδικω_fw-gr του_n ηνÏη_n ετουϲ_n ...._o ii_o 10._o ϲεÏτιμιον_fw-gr ουοÏωδην_fw-gr τον_fw-gr κÏατιϲτον_fw-gr εÏιτÏοÏον_fw-gr ϲεβαϲτου_n δουκηναÏιον_fw-gr και_n αÏλÏητην_fw-gr και_n in_o another_o copy_n take_v by_o mr._n goodyear_n αÏ_n .._o αÏητην_fw-gr in_o a_o three_o αÏλÏητην_fw-gr αÏοαÏετην_fw-gr ιουλιοϲ_n αυÏηλιοϲ_n τουμλεâ—ου_n αυÏηλιοϲ_n ϲανμηϲ_n καϲϲιανοι_n του_n μ._n λεναιου_n in_o a_o three_o του_n τουμλεâ—ου_n εαλμηϲ_n καϲϲιανου_n υου_n μ_n ε_n λεναιου_n ιÏÏευϲ_n Ïουμαων_fw-gr ιÏÏευϲ_n Ïουμαων_fw-gr Ïωμαιων_fw-gr τον_fw-gr Ïηιμον_fw-gr τον_fw-gr Ïηιμον_fw-gr Ïηιλον_fw-gr και_n ÏÏοϲτατην_fw-gr ετουϲ_n ηοÏη_n .._o μηνει_n ξανδικω_fw-gr iii_o 11._o ϲεβτιμ_n ιον_fw-gr ουοÏωδην_fw-gr τον_fw-gr κÏα_n τιϲτον_fw-gr εÏιτÏο_n Ïον_fw-gr ϲεβαϲ_n του_n δουκ_n ηναÏιον_fw-gr κα_n ι_n αÏοαÏε_n την_fw-gr ιουλιοτη_n αυ_n Ïηλι_n οϲ_n ε_n αλμηϲ_n Ïυιλϲοϲ_n μ_n ελεναι_n οϲ_n μαλωχα_n ναϲϲουμο_n Ï…_n ο_n κÏατιϲτοϲ_n τον_fw-gr Ïηιλον_fw-gr και_n ÏÏοϲτατην_fw-gr τειμηϲ_n ενεκεν_fw-gr ετουϲ_n ...._o μηνει_n ξ_n ανδικω_fw-gr iv_o 12._o ϲεÏτιμιον_fw-gr αιÏανην_fw-gr οδαινλτηϲυ_n τον_fw-gr λαμÏÏοτατον_fw-gr ϲυνκλυικον_fw-gr v._o 13._o εξα_n ......_o ντων_fw-gr αυÏηλι_n ...._o ÏηλιοδωÏ_n ....._o ϲτÏατιωτηϲ_n λε_n ......_o κηϲ_n των_fw-gr ÏατÏων_fw-gr τειμηϲ_n και_n ευχαÏιϲτιαϲ_n χαÏιν_fw-gr ετουϲ_n γξÏη_n vi_o 14._o ..._o Ï…Ïιλιον_fw-gr ουοÏωδην_fw-gr ϲυνκλ_n ητικον_fw-gr και_n βουλευτην_fw-gr ÏαλμυÏηνον_fw-gr βηλα_n καβοϲαÏϲα_n τον_fw-gr Ïηι_n λον_fw-gr τειμηϲ_n χαÏιν_fw-gr ε_n τουϲ_n οÏη_n vii_o 15._o μαλεντον_fw-gr και_n αγÏιÏÏαν_fw-gr ιαÏαιου_n του_n Ïααιου_n γÏαμματεδ_n γενομενον_fw-gr το_n δευτεÏον_fw-gr εÏιδημι_n α_n τηεου_n αδÏιανου_n αλιμμα_n ÏαÏαϲχοτα_n ξενοιϲ_n τε_n και_n Ïολειτα_n ιϲ_n ενη_n ..._o ν_fw-gr Ï…ÏηÏετηϲαντα_n τητ_n ........._o â—â—τευμα_n του_n ........_o Ï…Ïο_n ..._o εκαι_n ......_o τον_fw-gr ναον_fw-gr τον_fw-gr ...._o διοϲ_n ...._o ντωτ_n ......_o viii_o arsoffae_n in_o monasterio_n maronitarum_fw-la 16._o †_o εÏι_n εεÏγε_n εÏιεκo._n τε_n ευνγεν_fw-gr μαÏωνιε_n τε_n χωÏεÏιεκo._fw-fr iii_o anathemata_fw-la 17._o διι_n Ï…Ïσιϲτω_fw-gr μεγιϲτω_fw-gr και_n εÏηκοω_fw-gr βωλανοϲ_n ζηνοβιου_n του_n αιÏανου_n του_n μοκιμου_n του_n μαθθα_n εÏιμελετηϲοη_n αιÏεθειϲ_n εÏηκαϲ_n Ïηγηϲ_n Ï…Ïο_n ιαÏιβωλου_n θεου_n τον_fw-gr βω_fw-gr μον_fw-gr εξ_n ιδιων_fw-gr ανεθηκεν_fw-gr ετουϲ_n δου_n μηνοϲ_n Ï…ÏεÏβεÏεταιου_n κ._n iv_o vota_fw-la tievae_n 18._o διι_n μεγιϲτω_fw-gr κεÏαυνιω_fw-gr Ï…ÏεÏ_n ϲωτηÏιαϲ_n Ï„Ïα_n αδÏιανου_n ϲεβ_n ...._o του_n κυÏιου_n αγατηανγελοϲ_n αβιληνοϲ_n τηϲ_n δεκαÏολεοϲ_n την_fw-gr καμαÏαν_fw-gr ωκοδομηϲεν_fw-gr και_n την_fw-gr κλινη_n ...._o εξ_n ιδιων_fw-gr ανετηηκεν_fw-gr ετουϲ_n εμυ_n μηνοϲ_n λωου_n v._o imperatorum_fw-la memoriae_fw-la 19_o ........_o es_fw-ge orbis_n &_o propagatores_fw-la generis_fw-la humani_fw-la d._n d._n n._n n._n diocletianus_n ........._o ssimi_fw-it impp._n &_o constantius_n &_o maximianus_n nobb_n caes_n castra_n feliciter_fw-la condiderunt_fw-la ......._o ntes_n ossiano_fw-it hieroclete_n v.p._n praes_n provinciae_fw-la d._n n._n m._n o._n eorum_fw-la briadenae_n αÏηιεÏωθη_n ααι_n λινδιου_n του_n αμÏη_n ετουϲ_n δια_n ματεÏνου_n κ_n αι_n Ï_n αÏÏου_n και_n μαικου_n κνετμν_fw-gr Ï…_n ν_fw-gr andrenae_n i._o ιευξαμενοϲ_n εγω_fw-gr ιωαννηϲ_n εÏετυχα_n και_n ευχαÏιϲτων_fw-gr τω_fw-gr θω_fw-gr ÏÏοϲ_n ενικα_n Ï…ÏεÏ_n των_fw-gr αμαÏτιων_fw-gr μον_fw-gr ii_o ad_fw-la portam_fw-la australem_fw-la αυτη_n η_n Ïυλη_n τδ_n κυÏ_n .._o δικαιοι_n ειεελευεονται_n εν_fw-gr αυγη_n iii_o ad_fw-la portam_fw-la occidentalem_fw-la χ_n θμγ_n γ_n iu._n Ï…Ïιον_fw-gr Ïον_fw-gr μιχαηλ_n v._o ιαυτι_n ..._o λικα_n ..._o vi_o .._o Ïιοϲ_n των_fw-gr δâ—υναμε_n ..._o ημωναν_fw-gr τιλημÏι_n θεοε_n ιακω_fw-gr βτ_n vii_o αυξιτων_fw-gr viii_o +_o ελ_n ✚_o εεκι_n ix_o ελιε_n x._o ζψη_n the_o appendix_n have_v finish_v my_o primary_n task_n i_o shall_v apply_v myself_o to_o some_o other_o consideration_n of_o a_o similar_v nature_n which_o i_o be_v unwilling_a to_o interweave_v with_o the_o thread_n of_o the_o history_n that_o the_o discourse_n may_v appear_v uniform_a and_o all_o of_o a_o piece_n i_o have_v therefore_o reserve_v for_o
this_o appendix_n such_o critical_a observation_n as_o i_o have_v make_v upon_o the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n and_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n with_o the_o honorary_a office_n which_o the_o man_n of_o eminence_n bear_v in_o the_o city_n to_o which_o i_o have_v add_v a_o account_n of_o their_o idolatry_n with_o a_o short_a separate_a history_n of_o vaballathus_n and_o longinus_n two_o great_a man_n of_o palmyra_n intend_v to_o conclude_v the_o dissertation_n with_o some_o remark_n upon_o the_o inscription_n find_v among_o the_o ruin_n of_o this_o once_o illustrious_a city_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o name_n tadmur_v and_o palmyra_n the_o precede_a history_n have_v give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o palmyra_n i_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n account_v for_o the_o name_n which_o be_v give_v it_o in_o the_o syriac_a language_n tadmur_n but_o in_o the_o greek_a palmyra_n say_v josephus_n and_o first_o of_o tadmur_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o hebrew_n 2_o chron._n 8.34_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o the_o septuagint_n or_o as_o the_o alexandrian_a copy_n much_o near_o to_o the_o original_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o f._n harduin_n therefore_o very_o inept_o in_o his_o note_n on_o pliny_n call_v it_o theudemer_n and_o josephus_n as_o inartificial_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o st._n hierom_n in_o ezek._n 47._o and_o he_o be_v follow_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr spon_n and_o other_o affirm_v that_o thamar_n in_o the_o prophet_n who_o be_v state_v the_o limit_n of_o judaea_n to_o the_o south_n be_v no_o other_o than_o tadmur_n hie_v verò_fw-la terminus_fw-la plagae_fw-la australis_fw-la h._n e._n meridianae_fw-la incipit_fw-la à _fw-la thamar_n quae_fw-la vrbs_fw-la in_o solitudine_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la &_o solomon_n miris_fw-la operibus_fw-la instruxit_fw-la &_o hodiè_fw-la palmyra_n nuncupatur_fw-la hebreóque_fw-la sermone_fw-la thamar_n dicitur_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o linguâ_fw-la nostrâ_fw-la palma_n sonat_fw-la and_o i_o be_v once_o enclinable_a to_o have_v correct_v the_o translation_n of_o the_o septuagint_n from_o the_o hebrew_n and_o instead_o of_o what_o we_o now_o read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o have_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o thamar_n the_o city_n of_o palm-tree_n or_o palmyra_n but_o i_o have_v since_o alter_v my_o opinion_n because_o thamar_n be_v express_o say_v to_o be_v the_o border_n of_o judaea_n to_o the_o south_n whereas_o palmyra_n lie_v near_o direct_o east_n from_o jerusalem_n and_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o st._n hierom_n be_v deceive_v by_o the_o like_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n tamar_n in_o hebrew_a not_o tadmur_n signify_v a_o palmtree_n while_o palmyra_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o be_v of_o a_o roman_a but_o greek_a original_a and_o if_o so_o can_v be_v derive_v from_o palma_n a_o pure_a latin_a word_n and_o that_o the_o septuagint_n read_v the_o text_n aright_o theman_n be_v towards_o the_o south_n of_o judaea_n theman_n say_v the_o targum_fw-la of_o jonathan_n i._n e._n jericho_n a_o town_n say_v eusebius_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la hebr._fw-la 15_o mile_n distant_a from_o petra_n in_o arabia_n and_o be_v in_o the_o old_a testament_n often_o put_v for_o the_o whole_a country_n south_n of_o judaea_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o septuagint_n be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o it_o as_o strabo_n l._n 16._o p._n 259._o affirm_v that_o petra_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o arabia_n nabataea_n that_o the_o country_n round_o it_o be_v desert_n especial_o towards_o judaea_n that_o it_o be_v situate_a three_o or_o four_o day_n journey_n from_o jericho_n and_o five_o from_o the_o palmetum_fw-la or_o city_n of_o palm-tree_n as_o i_o will_v render_v it_o i_o be_v also_o once_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o palmyra_n have_v its_o denomination_n from_o the_o palm-tree_n as_o st._n jerom_n say_v express_o though_o tadmur_n be_v not_o a_o word_n of_o that_o signification_n but_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v derive_v rather_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d imply_v its_o admirable_a and_o stupendous_a situation_n probable_o because_o a_o fertile_a spot_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o vast_a desert_n but_o because_o josephus_n seem_v to_o determine_v it_o to_o be_v of_o greek_a original_a i_o can_v think_v it_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o egyptian_a deity_n for_o what_o have_v the_o god_n of_o egypt_n to_o do_v near_o the_o bank_n of_o euphrates_n nor_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o king_n or_o father_n but_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v a_o persian_a shield_n or_o parma_n as_o the_o latin_n render_v it_o hesych_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d glossar_n vet._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o the_o palmyrenian_o be_v near_o neighbour_n to_o the_o persian_n while_o at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o either_o rome_n or_o egypt_n and_o from_o they_o with_o who_o they_o maintain_v a_o continual_a commerce_n may_v receive_v the_o name_n of_o their_o city_n which_o very_o well_o agree_v to_o a_o strong_a frontier_n town_n build_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o border_n and_o this_o exact_o quadrate_v with_o the_o arabic_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d damar_n praesidium_n and_o we_o may_v as_o well_o derive_v palmyrene_n from_o a_o persic_a original_a as_o the_o neighbour_a province_n osrhoene_n the_o two_o province_n be_v often_o confound_v for_o photius_n cod._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d style_v zenobia_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o queen_n of_o osrhoene_n which_o be_v without_o any_o dispute_n so_o denominate_v from_o osroes_n or_o chosroes_n the_o king_n of_o that_o country_n 49._o procop._n l._n 1._o pers_n c._n 17._o p._n 49._o and_o a_o confederate_a of_o the_o persian_n who_o give_v his_o name_n to_o edessa_n and_o the_o territory_n round_o it_o for_o i_o can_v be_v of_o the_o mind_n of_o malela_n though_o he_o seem_v by_o his_o often_o mention_v it_o 153._o par._n 1._o p._n 182._o par._n 2._o p._n 153._o to_o be_v fond_a of_o his_o etymology_n that_o it_o be_v call_v palmyra_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o it_o be_v the_o place_n where_o goliath_n receive_v his_o fate_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o king_n david_n though_o the_o humour_n of_o give_v name_n to_o city_n or_o country_n from_o such_o fabulous_a encounter_n have_v not_o be_v altogether_o disuse_v for_o say_v damascius_n apud_fw-la phod_n cot._fw-la 242._o some_o affirm_v that_o his_o native_a city_n damascus_n be_v so_o call_v from_o ascus_n a_o giant_n who_o jupiter_n there_o overcome_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o i_o fear_v some_o of_o our_o historian_n zealous_a for_o the_o honour_n of_o brute_n will_v be_v find_v guilty_a of_o the_o same_o crime_n but_o though_o i_o can_v believe_v the_o fiction_n of_o david_n slay_v goliath_n at_o palmyra_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o that_o stout_a and_o victorious_a prince_n may_v have_v extend_v his_o empire_n as_o far_o as_o palmyra_n 60._o bechart_n spanhem_n hist_o job_n &_o hyde_n not._n in_o abr._n peritzol_n p._n 60._o when_o he_o invade_v hadadeze_a king_n of_o soba_n 2_o sam._n 8.3_o 1_o chron._n 18.3_o the_o euphrates_n be_v the_o eastern_a limit_v of_o syria_n sobah_n from_o beyond_o which_o river_n hadadeze_a bring_v his_o auxiliary_n i._n e._n from_o mesopotamia_n 2_o sam._n 10.16_o there_o call_v syria_n beyond_o the_o river_n as_o damascus_n be_v the_o western_a and_o palmyra_n be_v say_v 2_o chron._n 8.3_o 4._o to_o be_v situate_v in_o hamath_n soba_n or_o syria_n soba_n and_o the_o two_o city_n of_o arabia_n the_o desert_n sabe_n and_o barathena_n in_o ptolemy_n seem_v to_o be_v soba_n and_o berothai_n city_n of_o the_o sabean_o mention_v in_o the_o sacred_a write_n castaldus_n and_o ortelius_n affirm_v that_o palmyra_n be_v now_o call_v amegara_n but_o sanson_n say_v it_o be_v call_v faid_n as_o do_v nicolosius_n in_o his_o hercules_n siculus_n 263._o par._n 3._o p._n 263._o and_o other_o whereas_o it_o still_o retain_v its_o old_a denomination_n tadhmur_n as_o it_o always_o do_v among_o the_o syrian_n and_o arab_n 72._o l._n 2._o p._n 72._o the_o old_a geographer_n of_o ravenna_n reckon_v it_o among_o the_o city_n of_o caele-syria_n for_o so_o i_o will_v adventure_v to_o correct_v that_o author_n syria_n cilensin_n comagenis_n which_o mounseur_fw-fr porcheron_n read_v syria_n seleucis_n but_o it_o shall_v be_v read_v syria_n cele_v in_o comagenis_n but_o call_v it_o malmiora_fw-la which_o the_o editor_n say_v be_v mistake_v for_o palmyra_n and_o with_o he_o i_o agree_v though_o perhaps_o tamira_n in_o the_o same_o author_n may_v be_v set_v for_o tadmira_n as_o hepolis_n for_o heliopolis_n for_o that_o geographer_n live_v in_o the_o seven_o century_n ib._n ib._n when_o that_o city_n have_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o arab_n have_v recover_v its_o ancient_a syriack_n or_o arabic_a
name_n i_o have_v in_o the_o history_n affirm_v from_o the_o authority_n of_o censibus_fw-la of_o lib._n 1._o censibus_fw-la ulpian_n that_o caracalla_n make_v palmyra_n a_o colony_n juris_fw-la italici_n but_o if_o i_o may_v be_v allow_v a_o conjecture_n i_o can_v think_v that_o septimius_n severus_n make_v it_o a_o colony_n as_o he_o do_v several_a other_o city_n in_o that_o country_n rhesaina_n tyrus_n laodicea_n nisibis_n and_o singara_n which_o from_o his_o name_n be_v style_v in_o the_o coin_n septimia_n rhesaina_n colonia_n septimia_n tyrus_n septimia_n colonia_n laodicea_n septimia_n colonia_n nisibis_n or_o as_o it_o be_v always_o in_o the_o coin_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o that_o his_o son_n caracalla_n give_v it_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o italian_a city_n as_o ulpian_n affirm_v for_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o past_o all_o doubt_n from_o the_o frequent_a use_n of_o the_o name_n septimius_n and_o septimia_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o palmyra_n who_o give_v it_o as_o a_o praenomen_fw-la to_o the_o people_n of_o both_o sex_n of_o the_o best_a family_n and_o condition_n that_o the_o citizen_n of_o tadmur_n have_v a_o very_a reverend_a regard_n for_o the_o emperor_n septimius_n severus_n but_o we_o want_v coin_n to_o determine_v this_o question_n in_o a_o inscription_n about_o the_o year_n 296._o journal_n pag._n 99_o journal_n for_o i_o be_o willing_a to_o supply_v the_o date_n from_o the_o former_a inscription_n pag._n 98._o because_o they_o both_o treat_v of_o the_o same_o person_n tadmur_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o other_o colony_n say_v the_o editor_n a_o word_n that_o occur_v not_o in_o any_o author_n which_o be_v a_o very_a honourable_a appellation_n schol._n thucyd._n l._n 1._o §_o 25._o p._n 15._o ed._n ox._n cum_fw-la schol._n the_o colony_n be_v oblige_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o honour_v their_o mother_n city_n and_o to_o give_v it_o the_o preference_n the_o law_n have_v appoint_v but_o the_o word_n shall_v be_v divide_v into_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d palmyra_n be_v both_o a_o metropolis_n and_o a_o colony_n as_o be_v several_a other_o city_n in_o syria_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o coin_n colonia_n damascus_n metropolis_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d zephyrus_n metropolis_n colonia_n tyrus_n metropolis_n colonia_n now_o though_o to_o be_v a_o roman_a colony_n be_v a_o great_a honour_n and_o entitle_v the_o city_n to_o great_a privilege_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o it_o leave_v the_o city_n deprive_v of_o its_o former_a unlimited_a liberty_n for_o in_o time_n past_o it_o be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o statute_n 52._o agel_n lib._n 16._o c._n 13._o harduin_n antirrhet_n p._n 37_o 52._o but_o when_o make_v a_o colony_n be_v under_o the_o roman_a jurisdiction_n pay_v submission_n to_o their_o law_n and_o tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n from_o which_o it_o be_v before_o exempt_a and_o if_o a_o frontier_n town_n as_o palmyra_n be_v it_o admit_v of_o a_o roman_a garrison_n the_o first_o legion_n of_o the_o illyrian_n be_v post_v there_o with_o the_o liberty_n reserve_v to_o the_o citizen_n that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v list_a as_o roman_n into_o their_o legion_n not_o as_o auxiliary_n in_o the_o ecclesiastic_a notitia_fw-la palmyra_n be_v at_o first_o a_o metropolitan_a as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n i._n e._n till_o its_o destruction_n by_o aurelian_a at_o the_o division_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o constantine_n the_o great_a it_o be_v a_o suffragan_n see_v under_o the_o archbishop_n of_o damascus_n who_o in_o the_o six_o act_n of_o the_o council_n hold_v at_o chalcedon_n thus_o subscribe_v for_o the_o bishop_n of_o his_o province_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n from_o whence_o also_o it_o appear_v that_o that_o church_n be_v orthodox_n in_o those_o day_n and_o that_o palmyra_n be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o suffragans_fw-la to_o that_o metropolitan_a but_o afterward_o it_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o edessa_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o notitia_fw-la of_o the_o emperor_n leo_n since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v no_o long_o a_o place_n in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a account_n christianity_n have_v be_v for_o some_o age_n total_o banish_v from_o palmyrene_n whether_o the_o merchant_n who_o travel_v from_o syria_n to_o seleucia_n 747._o strab._n lib._n 16._o p._n 747._o and_o babylon_n through_o the_o country_n of_o the_o arabe_n scenitae_n through_o the_o malii_fw-la and_o their_o desert_n and_o ferry_v over_o the_o euphrates_n near_o anthemusia_n in_o mesopotamia_n a_o city_n situate_a near_o the_o river_n aborrhas_n take_v palmyra_n in_o their_o way_n i_o can_v determine_v nor_o whether_o alexander_n the_o great_a march_v his_o army_n through_o or_o by_o that_o city_n when_o have_v leave_v egypt_n and_o past_a through_o phoenicia_n to_o thapsacus_n he_o carry_v his_o troop_n over_o the_o euphrates_n since_o none_o of_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o achievement_n of_o that_o miraculous_a prince_n take_v any_o notice_n of_o palmyra_n though_o it_o be_v to_o i_o unquestionable_a that_o palmyra_n submit_v to_o that_o irresistible_a conqueror_n as_o do_v many_o other_o city_n of_o who_o the_o historian_n make_v not_o any_o mention_n the_o situation_n of_o the_o city_n as_o to_o its_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n be_v different_o account_v for_o by_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o country_n the_o arab_n as_o the_o very_a learned_a dr._n hyde_n inform_v i_o ishmael_n abulfeda_a m.s._n geograph_n m.s._n the_o prince_n of_o hamah_n i_o e._n of_o that_o part_n of_o syria_n wherein_o tadmur_n be_v situate_a who_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o year_n 672._o of_o the_o mahometan_a aera_fw-la and_o constitute_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o country_n in_o the_o year_n 710._o of_o the_o same_o computation_n confess_v that_o his_o countryman_n who_o make_v it_o part_n of_o arabia_n be_v not_o agree_v three_o several_a author_n place_v it_o in_o different_a degree_n the_o first_o fix_v it_o in_o long._n 67.40_o lat._n 34.00_o the_o second_o in_o long._n 67._o 40._o lat._n 30.00_o the_o three_o in_o long._n 64.00_o lat._n 33.50_o but_o calcashendi_n 321._o tâ—n_n 1._o p._n 321._o another_o arabian_a author_n give_v this_o account_n out_o of_o other_o writer_n as_o the_o excellent_a master_n of_o the_o oriental_a language_n dr._n hyde_n translate_v he_o as_o for_o the_o territory_n of_o tadmur_n the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n al_n tarîph_n say_v it_o be_v situate_a between_o the_o two_o village_n and_o rahba_n and_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v in_o arabia_n in_o the_o four_o of_o the_o seven_o clime_n the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o longitude_n say_v its_o longitude_n be_v 62_o degree_n and_o its_o latitude_n 34_o degree_n the_o lord_n of_o hamath_n i_o e._n abulpheda_n say_v it_o belong_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o hem_n i._n e._n emesa_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o it_o and_o that_o most_o of_o its_o soil_n be_v saltish_a that_o in_o it_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o sour_a plant_n call_v nagjel_n and_o also_o olive_n there_o be_v likewise_o very_o great_a and_o ancient_a ruin_n consist_v of_o pillar_n and_o rock_n and_o a_o castle_n with_o a_o wall_n the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v all_o raud_n almîtar_n say_v that_o it_o be_v original_o a_o ancient_a city_n which_o the_o spirit_n build_v for_o solomon_n with_o extraordinary_a fortification_n it_o be_v call_v tadmur_n from_o tadmur_fw-la the_o daughter_n of_o hassân_n who_o sepulchre_n be_v there_o and_o solomon_n do_v inhabit_v it_o after_o she_o the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n al-azîzi_a say_v that_o between_o tadmur_n and_o damascus_n be_v 59_o mile_n between_o tadmur_n and_o rahba_fw-la 102_o miles_n the_o lord_n of_o hamath_n say_v it_o be_v from_o hem'_v about_o three_o station_n the_o only_a difference_n in_o the_o account_n be_v in_o this_o that_o the_o longitude_n of_o palmyra_n in_o word_n at_o length_n out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o longitude_n be_v 62._o which_o in_o abulpheda_n geography_n be_v 67._o where_o it_o be_v express_v in_o letter_n which_o must_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o carelessness_n of_o the_o transcriber_n i_o be_v a_o little_a surprise_v when_o read_v all_o edrisi_n common_o but_o wrong_o call_v the_o nubian_n geographer_n i_o find_v a_o tademyr_n in_o spain_n which_o comprehend_v the_o kingdom_n of_o murcia_n and_o tarragon_n and_o be_v incline_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o caliph_n send_v a_o colony_n from_o the_o syrian_a tadmur_n as_o well_o as_o from_o the_o other_o city_n of_o his_o vast_a dominion_n to_o people_n spain_n when_o he_o have_v conquer_v it_o who_o from_o their_o own_o native_a city_n give_v the_o name_n to_o that_o part_n of_o spain_n but_o my_o learned_a and_o much_o
honour_a friend_n dr._n bernard_n have_v inform_v i_o that_o the_o spanish_a tademir_n may_v be_v derive_v as_o to_o name_n and_o no_o otherwise_o from_o the_o syrian_a tadmor_n or_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tadmera_n mescella_n populi_n from_o a_o mixture_n of_o several_a nation_n inhabit_v there_o as_o tidal_a in_o holy_a writ_n be_v call_v the_o king_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o galilee_n style_v galilee_n of_o the_o gentile_n the_o arab_n of_o this_o age_n say_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n solomon_n ebn_n el_fw-es doud_n or_o the_o son_n of_o david_n build_v a_o city_n in_o that_o place_n which_o be_v destroy_v be_v re-edifyed_a by_o a_o strange_a people_n and_o the_o present_a inhabitant_n pretend_v to_o show_v you_o the_o top_n of_o a_o mountain_n where_o one_o of_o solomon_n concubine_n lie_v bury_v as_o if_o that_o great_a king_n have_v fix_v his_o court_n there_o have_v destine_v it_o to_o his_o retirement_n and_o pleasure_n as_o josephus_n seem_v to_o affirm_v chap._n ii_o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o palmyrenian_o from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o consider_v the_o name_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o i_o question_v not_o but_o as_o their_o first_o language_n be_v hebrew_n or_o syriack_n so_o the_o people_n have_v syriack_n or_o hebrew_n name_n this_o want_v no_o further_a confirmation_n the_o inscription_n put_v it_o past_o all_o doubt_n odenathus_n airanes_n vaballathus_n mocimus_n orodes_n zabdas_n matthas_n jaribolus_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o pure_a syriack_n and_o have_v the_o curiosity_n of_o our_o english_a traveller_n direct_v they_o to_o have_v transcribe_v the_o syriack_n inscription_n as_o well_o as_o the_o greek_a at_o tadmur_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o as_o we_o may_v from_o they_o have_v retrieve_v the_o old_a syriack_n alphabet_n so_o we_o also_o may_v have_v be_v enable_v to_o correct_v more_o than_o one_o mistake_v either_o of_o the_o grave_a or_o transcriber_n as_o i_o shall_v unquestionable_o demonstrate_v there_o be_v such_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o famous_a city_n this_o method_n i_o doubt_v not_o the_o palmyrenian_o make_v use_v of_o that_o their_o public_a monument_n as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v may_v preserve_v the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o ancient_a native_a language_n and_o i_o hope_v some_o attempt_n will_v be_v make_v to_o recover_v at_o least_o the_o understanding_n of_o their_o letter_n for_o monsieur_n petit_n specimen_fw-la in_o spon_n miscellany_n be_v all_o dream_n and_o that_o learned_a man_n if_o he_o have_v be_v in_o earnest_a will_v doubtless_o have_v give_v we_o his_o alphabet_n and_o the_o inscription_n according_o reduce_v into_o the_o hebrew_n or_o some_o other_o know_v character_n it_o be_v true_a he_o say_v they_o be_v the_o phaenician_a probable_o the_o same_o with_o the_o old_a syriack_n letter_n for_o gruter_n opinion_n that_o they_o be_v arabic_a be_v not_o to_o be_v defend_v but_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o antony_n gallandius_n confutation_n of_o mr._n petit_n in_o the_o same_o miscellany_n after_o the_o roman_n have_v extend_v their_o empire_n into_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o syria_n the_o man_n of_o palmyra_n agreeable_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o other_o nation_n of_o the_o east_n assume_v to_o themselves_o a_o prae-nomen_a the_o custom_n of_o have_v two_o name_n have_v be_v take_v up_o by_o the_o greek_n and_o syrian_n about_o the_o time_n of_o trajan_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o sepulchral_v inscription_n at_o tadmur_n 4._o n._n 3_o 4._o the_o most_o ancient_a of_o which_o be_v erect_v under_o trajan_n where_o the_o name_n of_o elabelus_n mannaeus_fw-la soraechus_n malchus_n vaballathus_n gichus_n mocimus_n stand_v alone_o without_o any_o prae-nomina_a but_o in_o the_o inscription_n of_o aftertime_n septimius_n rupilius_n julius_n aurelius_n frequent_o occur_v which_o be_v roman_n be_v prefix_v to_o their_o syriack_n name_n as_o some_o of_o they_o have_v two_o syriack_n name_n the_o last_o have_v probable_o be_v givent_fw-fr to_o those_o who_o be_v adopt_v into_o other_o family_n as_o phanius_fw-la mocimus_n qui_fw-la &_o airanes_n julius_n aurelius_n zenobius_n qui_fw-la &_o zabdilas_fw-la the_o fore-name_n septimius_n be_v in_o very_o frequent_a use_n at_o tadmur_n probable_o in_o honour_n of_o septimius_n severus_n the_o emperor_n their_o benefactor_n the_o first_o of_o their_o emperor_n be_v septimius_n odenathus_n their_o only_a empress_n septimia_n zenobia_n their_o great_a man_n septimius_n orodes_n and_o septimius_n airanes_n now_o the_o prae-nomen_a be_v either_o greek_a or_o roman_a the_o second_o the_o proper_a syriack_n name_n of_o the_o person_n be_v postponed_a to_o that_o which_o be_v assume_v ex_fw-la gr_n septimius_n zenobius_n longinus_n cassimus_fw-la julius_n aurelius_n zenobius_n alexander_n capadetus_n julius_n aurelius_n ealme_n if_o it_o shall_v not_o rather_o be_v read_v palm_n for_o he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o roman_a and_o a_o gentleman_n of_o one_o of_o their_o troop_n now_o palma_n be_v a_o know_a name_n among_o the_o roman_n palma_n the_o consul_n and_o the_o lieutenant-general_n to_o trajan_n in_o his_o parthian_a expedition_n be_v very_o famous_a who_o be_v of_o a_o contrary_a faction_n to_o adrian_n 4._o sparta_n hadr._n p._n 2_o 4._o be_v slay_v at_o terracina_n by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n i_o can_v agree_v with_o the_o learned_a mr._n halley_n correct_v the_o coin_n of_o vaballathus_n and_o read_v airanes_n for_o hermeias_n for_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o in_o those_o name_n the_o first_o be_v greek_n or_o latin_a the_o latter_a syriack_n which_o also_o confirm_v i_o in_o my_o opinion_n that_o vaballathus_n be_v the_o son_n of_o herodes_n or_o herodianus_n and_o that_o the_o father_n name_n be_v athenas_n herodes_n of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o it_o be_v also_o observable_a that_o the_o palmyrenian_o like_o their_o neighbour_n the_o arab_n with_o their_o own_o name_n give_v their_o pedigree_n reckon_v up_o their_o ancestor_n many_o time_n to_o their_o great-grand-father_n this_o the_o saracenic_a history_n put_v out_o of_o all_o dispute_n as_o to_o the_o arab_n and_o the_o inscription_n as_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o tadmur_n now_o to_o show_v that_o the_o name_n be_v of_o syriack_n or_o hebrew_n extraction_n as_o the_o prae_fw-la nomina_fw-la of_o greek_a or_o latin_a be_v a_o easy_a undertake_n jaribolus_n or_o jariboleus_n be_v jerubbaal_n gideon_n name_n bareiche_n be_v barachias_n baruchus_n 346._o tom._n 3._o mon._n graec._n p._n 346._o or_o barachus_fw-la of_o which_o name_n be_v baruch_n the_o prophet_n jeremy_n scribe_n and_o a_o bishop_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o borochus_n the_o judge_n in_o jamblichus_n ouorodes_n be_v orodes_n and_o herod_n soraechus_n saruch_n nahar_n father_n gen._n 11._o and_o in_o jamblicus_n 94._o jamblicus_n apud_fw-la phot._n cod._n 94._o babylonicks_n soraechus_n the_o son_n of_o soraechus_n the_o publican_n make_v a_o considerable_a figure_n simon_n be_v pure_o hebrew_a vaballathus_n be_v balathus_n with_o the_o arabic_a praefix_n bal_n belus_n bolathus_n and_o balathus_n the_o same_o name_n in_o damascius_n ballatha_n be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o syrian_a city_n in_o ptolemy_n and_o sanballat_n i._n e._n the_o prince_n ballathus_n appear_v in_o holy_a writ_n the_o governor_n of_o mesopotamia_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nehem._n 2.9_o and_o vaballathus_n in_o vopiscus_n be_v call_v balbatus_n for_o ballathus_n 30._o euseb_n l._n 7._o c._n 30._o bolanus_n be_v one_o of_o the_o bishop_n who_o in_o the_o synod_n of_o antioch_n condemn_v paulus_n of_o samosata_n matthas_n among_o the_o man_n and_o martha_n among_o the_o woman_n be_v also_o hebrew_a matthas_n matthat_n matthan_n mattathas_n airanes_n aarones_n jaraius_n jair_n elabelus_n be_v elbelus_n or_o the_o god_n bel_n sometime_o alagbelus_n alagabalus_fw-la corrupt_o heliogabalus_n mannaeus_fw-la be_v the_o same_o name_n with_o manoah_n 13.2_o judg._n 13.2_o or_o as_o the_o lxx_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o manahath_n 1_o chron._n 1.40_o zenobius_n be_v a_o common_a name_n among_o the_o phaenician_o and_o syrian_n 13._o syrian_n l._n 8._o c._n 13._o eusebius_n mention_n two_o martyr_n of_o that_o name_n who_o suffer_v in_o the_o dioclesian_n persecution_n the_o one_o a_o admirable_a physician_n the_o other_o a_o presbyter_n of_o the_o church_n of_o sidon_n against_o zenobius_n of_o emesa_n 228._o phot._n â—od_a 228._o ephremius_n the_o patriarch_n of_o antioch_n write_v a_o learned_a treatise_n and_o zenobius_n a_o bishop_n of_o cilicia_n be_v martyr_a in_o the_o same_o persecution_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o his_o sister_n zenobia_n say_v simeon_n metaphrastes_n and_o the_o wife_n of_o basiliscus_n the_o emperor_n be_v also_o call_v zenobia_n malech_n malchus_n and_o malchion_n of_o which_o name_n be_v a_o eminent_a 29._o eminent_a id._n l._n 7._o c._n 29._o presbyter_n of_o antioch_n who_o oppose_v paulus_n of_o samosata_n the_o
argentum_fw-la ad_fw-la ludos_fw-la commodare_fw-la l._n 28._o d._n de_fw-fr auro_fw-la argento_fw-la etc._n etc._n aedile_n plebis_fw-la ludorum_fw-la maximè_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la creatos_fw-la vid._n gronou._n observe_v l._n 4._o c._n 21._o that_o the_o same_o person_n who_o furnish_v the_o expense_n be_v the_o precedent_n and_o judge_n of_o the_o game_n both_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d who_o if_o the_o whole_a province_n meet_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o country_n call_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o there_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o ruffinus_n in_o his_o version_n of_o the_o martyrdom_n of_o st._n polycarp_n render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o eusebius_n greek_n by_o munerarius_fw-la the_o person_n who_o manage_v the_o expense_n of_o the_o spectacula_fw-la very_o proper_o this_o generosity_n make_v so_o deep_a and_o last_a a_o impression_n upon_o the_o populace_n who_o be_v general_o lead_v by_o appearance_n cxxi_o reinesii-inscript_a class_n 6._o n._n cxxi_o and_o satisfy_v with_o show_n that_o they_o often_o erect_v monument_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o their_o benefactor_n for_o this_o very_a reason_n so_o the_o city_n of_o taenarium_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o sparta_n celebrate_v the_o glory_n of_o tiberius_n claudius_n charito_fw-la in_o this_o noble_a inscription_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d f._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hoc_fw-la est_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d subaudi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o city_n of_o the_o taenarians_n have_v honour_v tiberius_n claudius_n charito_fw-la their_o most_o excellent_a citizen_n for_o his_o great_a prudence_n and_o his_o unspeakable_a magnificence_n when_o he_o be_v the_o aedile_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o their_o city_n this_o monument_n be_v erect_v by_o the_o order_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n 146._o use_v groâ—vii_n memor_fw-la cosson_n â—_o 146._o in_o like_a manner_n claudius_n paulinus_n be_v reward_v by_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o smyrna_n for_o i_o conjecture_v that_o the_o marble_n find_v in_o that_o city_n belong_v to_o it_o with_o a_o noble_a monument_n erect_v to_o the_o memory_n of_o his_o daughter_n because_o he_o he_o have_v be_v the_o general_n of_o their_o horse_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o their_o council_n their_o aedilis_fw-la and_o questor_n and_o precedent_n of_o their_o senate_n 106._o senate_n hesychius_n give_v another_o sense_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d id._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d well_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d id._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d v._o not._n in_o par_fw-fr 1._o marm_n oxon._n p._n 106._o which_o last_o be_v the_o high_a civil_a honour_n he_o can_v attain_v to_o panegyric_n plin._n panegyric_n for_o even_o at_o rome_n the_o consul_n preside_v in_o the_o senate_n when_o the_o emperor_n be_v present_a if_o the_o emperor_n himself_o be_v not_o consul_n thus_o the_o city_n of_o antioch_n erect_v a_o marble_n statue_n in_o daphne_n to_o artabanus_n one_o of_o their_o citizen_n 381._o malel_n par_fw-fr 1._o lib._n 12._o p._n 381._o who_o be_v the_o first_o syriarcha_fw-la who_o preside_v over_o the_o olympic_a game_n celebrate_v in_o that_o city_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n commodus_n with_o this_o inscription_n to_o the_o eternal_a memory_n of_o artaban_n and_o thus_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o palmyra_n among_o the_o other_o achievement_n of_o jullus_n aurelius_n zenobius_n and_o of_o septimius_n orodes_n celebrate_v they_o that_o they_o have_v magnificent_o and_o splendid_o discharge_v this_o office_n particular_o zenobius_n that_o he_o manage_v that_o province_n when_o he_o undertake_v it_o with_o a_o extraordinary_a liberality_n for_o they_o distinguish_v between_o what_o be_v do_v at_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o public_a and_o come_v out_o of_o the_o treasury_n and_o what_o be_v expend_v by_o the_o officer_n out_o of_o his_o own_o coffer_n and_o themselves_o take_v care_n if_o the_o commonwealth_n do_v not_o to_o record_v this_o circumstance_n 109._o transact_v p._n 99_o 103_o 109._o so_o bolanus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v build_v a_o altar_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o his_o own_o charge_n and_o agathangelus_n to_o have_v erect_v a_o canopy_n and_o a_o bed_n of_o state_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 105._o vid._n pag._n 105._o and_o so_o septimius_n be_v say_v to_o have_v supply_v the_o company_n or_o caravan_n of_o traveller_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o mareade_v 390._o malel_n par_fw-fr 1._o p._n 390._o who_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o magistrate_n of_o antioch_n be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o gallienus_n by_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o whole_a senate_n and_o people_n eject_v out_o of_o the_o government_n because_o whatever_o party_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o provide_v for_o in_o the_o public_a horserace_n he_o not_o only_o refuse_v to_o lay_v out_o any_o money_n of_o his_o own_o but_o cheat_v the_o public_a of_o what_o be_v destine_v by_o the_o city_n to_o those_o diversion_n the_o emperor_n afterward_o enact_v that_o whosoever_o be_v appoint_v to_o inspect_v the_o ludi_fw-la circenses_fw-la 20._o l._n 10._o tit_n 31._o §._o 20._o which_o be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o duumviri_fw-la and_o alienate_v or_o divert_v to_o another_o use_n any_o part_n of_o the_o revenue_n destine_v to_o that_o service_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o refund_v this_o disgrace_n occasion_v his_o fly_n to_o sapores_fw-la the_o king_n of_o persia_n in_o those_o dissolute_a time_n to_o who_o he_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o unhappy_a state_n of_o his_o native_a country_n and_o the_o carelessness_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o occasion_v the_o ruin_n of_o that_o noble_a city_n as_o be_v already_o mention_v the_o traitor_n himself_o be_v sacrifice_v by_o that_o very_a prince_n who_o he_o have_v invite_v into_o syria_n to_o the_o angry_a mane_n of_o his_o abuse_a country_n behead_v say_v malela_n burn_v alive_a say_v sup_n say_v vbi_fw-la sup_n ammianus_n marcellinus_n and_o 4._o and_o oeconomic_a c._n 4._o xenophon_n introduce_v socrates_n instruct_v critobulus_n as_o to_o what_o will_v be_v expect_v from_o a_o man_n of_o his_o figure_n and_o fortune_n at_o athens_n after_o he_o have_v inform_v he_o that_o he_o must_v very_o frequent_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o noble_a sacrifice_n and_o magnificent_a entertainment_n and_o feast_n he_o add_v that_o it_o will_v be_v expect_v from_o he_o that_o he_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v horse_n for_o the_o public_a race_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o if_o he_o shall_v ever_o refuse_v so_o to_o treat_v the_o citizen_n they_o will_v punish_v he_o as_o severe_o as_o if_o he_o have_v rob_v their_o house_n so_o passionate_o be_v the_o people_n of_o those_o age_n and_o country_n addict_v to_o the_o spectacula_fw-la and_o so_o much_o do_v they_o think_v they_o their_o due_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o senator_n of_o palmyra_n be_v man_n of_o eminence_n and_o condition_n and_o the_o most_o honourable_a member_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o therefore_o be_v style_v in_o the_o inscription_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d most_o illustrious_a but_o of_o those_o senator_n some_z i_o conjecture_v be_v a_o stand_a council_n of_o state_n as_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v at_o athens_n and_o in_o most_o commonwealth_n some_o similar_v court_n for_o rupilius_n orodes_n be_v say_v to_o be_v both_o a_o senator_n and_o a_o counsellor_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o that_o as_o the_o 46._o the_o v._o marm._n oxon._n n._n 46._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v distinguish_v at_o athens_n so_o at_o palmyra_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d have_v their_o distinction_n for_o as_o the_o roman_n have_v their_o senate_n so_o other_o city_n have_v they_o their_o court_n of_o alderman_n who_o govern_v the_o people_n their_o duumviri_fw-la represent_v the_o consul_n of_o which_o senator_n some_o be_v eminent_a and_o principal_a for_o authority_n and_o influence_n and_o such_o probable_o be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o palmyra_n man_n who_o have_v bear_v the_o office_n of_o the_o duumvirate_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v not_o only_o of_o the_o senatorian_n 140._o memor_n cosson_n marm._n 2._o p._n 140._o but_o consular_a dignity_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o it_o be_v word_v in_o another_o inscription_n the_o name_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o must_v be_v confess_v be_v common_o give_v to_o every_o member_n of_o that_o court_n so_o the_o old_a glossary_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d decurio_fw-la curialis_fw-la call_v decuriones_fw-la because_o whenever_o the_o colony_n or_o municipia_fw-la be_v establish_v and_o the_o government_n
honourable_a for_o the_o secretary_n be_v very_o little_a inferior_a to_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n either_o in_o dignity_n or_o authority_n be_v often_o of_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o nobility_n verr._n orat._n 8._o in_o verr._n so_o say_v tully_n scribarum_fw-la ordo_fw-la est_fw-la honestus_fw-la quod_fw-la eorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la fidei_fw-la tabulae_fw-la publicae_fw-la periculaque_fw-la magistratuum_fw-la commitantur_fw-la he_o be_v elect_v into_o the_o office_n say_v julius_n pollux_n infr_n vbi_fw-la infr_n and_o aristotle_n in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o athens_n affirm_v that_o he_o be_v the_o keeper_n of_o the_o public_a record_n and_o tully_n say_v the_o same_o enroll_v all_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o be_v a_o assessor_n in_o the_o court_n of_o judicature_n and_o therefore_o suidas_n be_v mistake_v when_o he_o aver_v that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o employment_n than_o to_o write_v 11._o jul._n pol._n l._n 8._o c._n 8_o 9_o 11._o and_o read_v or_o publish_v the_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n there_o be_v three_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o athens_n of_o who_o the_o first_o keep_v all_o the_o public_a write_n the_o letter_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o city_n and_o he_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o council_n to_o the_o second_o the_o keep_n of_o all_o the_o law_n be_v entrust_v and_o he_o also_o be_v nominate_v by_o the_o council_n but_o the_o three_o be_v the_o secratary_n of_o the_o people_n choose_v by_o the_o commons_o and_o he_o it_o be_v who_o read_v all_o the_o write_n of_o the_o people_n say_v the_o scholiast_n of_o thucydides_n or_o rather_o read_v all_o the_o public_a order_n both_o to_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n his_o method_n of_o proceed_v be_v thus_o state_v by_o ammonius_n 〈◊〉_d in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o grammateus_n have_v several_a order_n of_o council_n in_o his_o hand_n which_o he_o be_v to_o publish_v to_o the_o people_n he_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o and_o read_v the_o name_n of_o the_o person_n who_o propose_v the_o decree_n his_o father_n name_n and_o the_o name_n of_o the_o tribe_n or_o people_n to_o which_o he_o belong_v and_o then_o publish_v the_o decree_n itself_o after_o which_o he_o proceed_v to_o the_o second_o and_o three_o till_o he_o have_v publish_v they_o all_o the_o name_n of_o the_o secretary_n be_v always_o insert_v into_o every_o decree_n together_o with_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o precedent_n of_o of_o the_o senate_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o the_o praetor_n thus_o the_o inscription_n at_o agrigentum_n gergento_n in_o sicily_n 401._o grut._n 401._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o very_o often_o his_o name_n have_v the_o precedence_n in_o the_o decree_n as_o appear_v by_o several_a instance_n myster_n instance_n andocyd_n de_fw-fr myster_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 46._o 〈◊〉_d thucyd._n l._n 3._o v._n v._o cl._n not._n in_o marm._n ox._n 46._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o the_o coin_n the_o name_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o of_o a_o public_a eminent_a officer_n from_o who_o year_n of_o government_n the_o people_n make_v their_o computation_n be_v frequent_o insert_v particular_o in_o those_o of_o the_o city_n of_o caria_n where_o i_o suppose_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o chief_a magistrate_n one_o of_o the_o coin_n of_o mylasa_n be_v say_v to_o be_v stamp_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o hybreas_n the_o orator_n govern_v the_o city_n say_v 659._o say_v lib._n 14._o p._n 659._o strabo_n so_o the_o coin_n of_o the_o magnesian_o upon_o the_o maeander_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o maximinus_n be_v stamp_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o another_o of_o the_o ephestan_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d when_o ariston_n be_v their_o secretary_n and_o so_o honourable_a be_v the_o office_n 19_o act._n 19_o and_o so_o great_a the_o authority_n at_o ephesus_n that_o when_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v in_o a_o uproar_v and_o all_o the_o people_n of_o asia_n ferment_v into_o a_o violent_a tumult_n for_o it_o be_v high_o probable_a that_o the_o insult_n be_v make_v upon_o st._n paul_n when_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o community_n of_o asia_n be_v meet_v to_o celebrate_v their_o public_a game_n he_o by_o his_o single_a authority_n and_o command_n dismiss_v and_o disperse_v the_o riotous_a assembly_n and_o i_o conjecture_v that_o it_o be_v one_o reason_n why_o the_o same_o person_n be_v not_o long_o continue_v in_o this_o office_n to_o prevent_v any_o mischievous_a innovation_n which_o may_v be_v make_v in_o the_o republic_n by_o a_o officer_z who_o nad_z so_o great_a a_o trust_n and_o have_v it_o in_o his_o power_n to_o make_v himself_o very_o popular_a for_o it_o be_v a_o law_n at_o athens_n attic._n v._o petit._n the_o legib_n attic._n that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v twice_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d under_o the_o same_o magistracy_n though_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d person_n may_v be_v choose_v a_o second_o time_n under_o new_a magistrate_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o palmyrene_n inscription_n for_o though_o some_o place_n of_o trust_n be_v by_o special_a favour_n and_o upon_o great_a merit_n give_v for_o life_n some_o of_o their_o high_a priest_n be_v constitute_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yet_o though_o sigonius_n affirm_v the_o contrary_a even_o the_o high_a priesthood_n itself_o be_v limit_v and_o probable_o annual_a in_o many_o place_n so_o 448.1_o so_o grut._n 448.1_o papirius_n alexander_n be_v say_v to_o be_v high_a priest_n the_o second_o time_n though_o in_o the_o same_o inscription_n he_o be_v call_v the_o priest_n of_o bacchus_n for_o his_o life_n and_o in_o a_o coin_n of_o the_o magnesian_o near_o sipylus_n apphianus_n be_v say_v to_o be_v praetor_n and_o high_a priest_n the_o second_o time_n so_o several_a city_n be_v constitute_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o second_o and_o three_o time_n and_o t._n fl._n taeanus_n gruter_n call_v he_o aelianus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v the_o thirteen_o time_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o cleogenes_n in_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o athens_n 232._o petit._n ubi_fw-la sup_n p._n 232._o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o time_n secretary_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o malech_n agrippa_n manage_v that_o province_n a_o second_o time_n at_o palmyra_n nor_o be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d always_o a_o civil_a officer_n or_o minister_n of_o state_n but_o sometime_o a_o ecclesiastic_a and_o minister_n of_o religion_n for_o the_o high_a priest_n have_v always_o way_n his_o secretary_n to_o which_o office_n no_o man_n be_v at_o first_o admit_v but_o he_o who_o be_v of_o the_o patrician_n dignity_n thus_o cl._n paulinus_n 22._o v._o gronou._n memor_n cosson_n p._n 146._o marm._n 22._o in_o a_o curious_a inscription_n late_o bring_v from_o the_o levant_n be_v style_v the_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n the_o prutanis_n aedilis_fw-la quaestor_n precedent_n of_o the_o senate_n precedent_n of_o the_o gymnasium_n or_o gymnasiarch_n master_n of_o the_o ordnance_n or_o armoury_n the_o custos_fw-la rotulorum_fw-la and_o secretary_n of_o the_o olympic_a game_n where_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v distinct_a office_n the_o one_o a_o civil_a the_o other_o a_o sacred_a employment_n but_o that_o the_o first_o also_o be_v very_o honourable_a for_o in_o another_o inscription_n bring_v from_o the_o same_o place_n t._n fl._n 116._o marm._n ox._n 116._o onesimus_n paternianus_n be_v style_v the_o master_n of_o the_o ordnance_n the_o guardian_n of_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o nemesis_n the_o general_n of_o their_o horse_n the_o keeper_n of_o their_o record_n the_o first_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o aedile_n the_o quaestor_n of_o the_o city_n and_o honour_v with_o many_o other_o great_a office_n as_o also_o 219._o grut._n p._n 219._o that_o he_o be_v choose_v by_o vote_n that_o he_o be_v to_o take_v into_o his_o custody_n the_o table_n wherein_o the_o law_n be_v write_v that_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o preserve_v the_o original_n of_o all_o the_o league_n and_o to_o keep_v in_o a_o strong_a box_n all_o the_o book_n belong_v to_o his_o office_n and_o the_o public_a affair_n and_o when_o he_o shall_v be_v require_v by_o the_o community_n he_o shall_v bring_v they_o into_o the_o senate-house_n and_o whenever_o the_o society_n shall_v choose_v another_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d custos_fw-la rotulorum_fw-la he_o shall_v deliver_v up_o his_o trust_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n no_o layman_n be_v permit_v to_o be_v secretary_n to_o the_o high_a priest_n he_o be_v
platonist_n do_v because_o they_o believe_v they_o eternal_a and_o of_o the_o same_o duration_n with_o the_o supreme_a be_v i_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v consider_v what_o have_v be_v already_o assert_v i_o think_v it_o need_v not_o much_o more_o proof_n that_o syria_n be_v eminent_o famous_a for_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n in_o syria_n it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o this_o idolatry_n either_o have_v its_o first_o original_a or_o its_o most_o immediate_a propagation_n and_o there_o it_o continue_v till_o paganism_n breathe_v its_o last_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o east_n till_o the_o follower_n of_o mahomet_n profess_a enemy_n of_o polytheism_n make_v use_v of_o the_o sword_n to_o extirpate_v it_o the_o whole_a country_n seem_v to_o be_v devote_v to_o this_o service_n edessa_n be_v call_v the_o region_n dedicate_v to_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o beginning_n of_o time_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o sow_v as_o hierapolis-byblis_n say_v to_o be_v consecrate_v to_o venus_n and_o adonis_n and_o so_o be_v all_o phoenicia_n aeschylus_n in_o his_o supplices_fw-la style_v phoenicia_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n say_v the_o scholiast_n because_o all_o the_o coast_n about_o mount_n libanus_n be_v particular_o addict_v to_o the_o worship_n of_o that_o deity_n the_o worship_n begin_v in_o assyria_n or_o syria_n from_o they_o the_o man_n of_o ascalon_n bring_v it_o into_o phoenicia_n and_o from_o they_o the_o cypriotes_n derive_v their_o superstition_n 23._o ammian_n marcel_n l._n 23._o c._n 23._o and_o in_o the_o emperor_n julian_n time_n the_o moon_n the_o same_o with_o venus_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v be_v most_o solemn_o worship_v at_o carrae_n and_o in_o all_o the_o adjacent_a country_n and_o their_o most_o illustrious_a prince_n think_v it_o not_o a_o diminution_n of_o their_o honour_n to_o be_v priest_n to_o their_o god_n 5._o herodian_a l._n 5._o bassianus_n and_o alexianus_n i_o e._n elagabalus_n and_o alexander_n severus_n his_o brother_n be_v both_o consecrate_a priest_n of_o the_o sun_n though_o both_o repute_v the_o son_n of_o caracalla_n the_o emperor_n and_o their_o mother_n be_v undoubted_o the_o empress_n julia_n sister_n and_o themselves_o candidate_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o as_o of_o old_a the_o elder_a of_o the_o family_n be_v both_o prince_n and_o priest_n so_o herodian_a affirm_v that_o bassianus_n be_v consecrate_v to_o that_o service_n because_o the_o office_n peculiar_o belong_v to_o the_o elder_a brother_n ithobalus_n or_o ethbaal_n the_o king_n of_o tyre_n be_v the_o priest_n of_o astarte_n 257._o ad_fw-la autolic_a p._n 257._o say_v theophilus_n and_o when_o pompey_n have_v subdue_v mithradates_n distribute_v kingdom_n among_o the_o great_a man_n of_o asia_n who_o have_v give_v he_o assistance_n he_o make_v archelaus_n the_o priest_n of_o venus_n in_o commagene_n which_o entitle_v he_o to_o a_o principality_n and_o authority_n not_o inferior_a to_o the_o royal_a dignity_n say_v 251._o say_v bell._n mithrad_n p._n 251._o appian_n and_o what_o extraordinary_a influence_n sampsaigeramus_n the_o priest_n of_o the_o same_o idol_n at_o emesa_n have_v upon_o that_o country_n have_v be_v already_o demonstrate_v how_o much_o addict_v palmyra_n be_v to_o venus_n who_o appoint_v curator_n of_o her_o fountain_n at_o nacle_n out_o of_o her_o most_o eminent_a inhabitant_n and_o what_o a_o glorious_a temple_n be_v erect_v in_o that_o city_n to_o the_o sun_n so_o adorn_v and_o beautify_v that_o aurelian_a thought_n the_o spoil_n worthy_a his_o carry_v to_o rome_n have_v be_v former_o mention_v and_o though_o that_o victorious_a prince_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o action_n can_v not_o prohibit_v his_o soldier_n the_o plunder_v and_o deface_v that_o noble_a structure_n he_o soon_o after_o take_v care_n though_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n be_v leave_v bury_v in_o its_o own_o ruin_n that_o the_o temple_n shall_v be_v re-edify_v 219._o vopisc_n p._n 219._o for_o aurelian_a have_v a_o particular_a veneration_n for_o the_o sun_n who_o figure_n appear_v often_o on_o his_o coin_n 217._o id._n p._n 213_o 217._o his_o mother_n have_v be_v the_o priestess_n of_o apollo_n in_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v and_o when_o his_o affair_n at_o emesa_n in_o his_o engagement_n with_o zenobia_n be_v desperate_a it_o be_v pretend_v that_o his_o foot_n be_v encourage_v to_o support_v his_o rout_z horse_n by_o a_o extraordinary_a person_n who_o he_o know_v not_o at_o that_o time_n but_o when_o he_o return_v to_o emesa_n and_o go_v into_o the_o temple_n of_o elagabalus_n to_o give_v thanks_o for_o his_o victory_n he_o there_o meet_v the_o same_o figure_n which_o have_v appear_v to_o he_o whereupon_o he_o found_v a_o temple_n in_o that_o city_n to_o the_o sun_n a_o new_a temple_n without_o doubt_n sup_n herod_n ubi_fw-la sup_n for_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v famous_a at_o emesa_n before_o aurelian_n time_n for_o its_o beauty_n and_o magnificence_n its_o extraordinary_a riches_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o votary_n who_o send_v their_o offering_n thither_o the_o neighbour_a barbarous_a prince_n every_o year_n make_v their_o present_n to_o elagabalus_n and_o another_o at_o rome_n 56._o zosim_fw-la l._n 1._o p._n 56._o upon_o which_o he_o bestow_v a_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n adorn_v it_o with_o the_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o famous_a temple_n at_o palmyra_n have_v at_o the_o same_o time_n offer_v his_o own_o unparalleled_a robe_n to_o the_o deity_n in_o syria_n and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n live_v the_o philosopher_n who_o keep_v up_o the_o reputation_n of_o paganism_n when_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o severe_a prosecution_n of_o the_o imperial_a edict_n porphyry_n be_v of_o tyre_n sopater_n a_o syrian_a jamblicus_n a_o native_a of_o chalcis_n vranius_n be_v of_o apamia_n eustathius_n and_o aedesius_n cappadocian_o proclus_n of_o lycia_n marinus_n a_o samaritan_n of_o the_o city_n of_o sichem_n damascius_n of_o damascus_n simplicius_n a_o cilician_n hermias_n and_o diogenes_n phaenician_n isidorus_n of_o gaza_n etc._n etc._n and_o whatever_o progress_n christianity_n may_v have_v make_v in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v plain_a from_o the_o epistle_n of_o julian_n to_o libanius_n that_o heathenism_n defend_v its_o possession_n in_o syria_n for_o when_o that_o unhappy_a apostate_n emperor_n make_v his_o expedition_n into_o persia_n from_o berrhaea_n to_o batnae_n all_o the_o country_n be_v full_a of_o sacrifice_n the_o smell_n of_o incense_n have_v presume_v the_o air_n and_o at_o hierapolis_n he_o meet_v with_o more_o than_o a_o few_o who_o have_v be_v confessor_n in_o the_o former_a reign_n for_o the_o ancient_a rite_n in_o malela_n time_n the_o assyrian_n continue_v to_o worship_n mars_n or_o baal_n and_o whoever_o shall_v read_v damascius_n life_n of_o isidorus_n may_v satisfy_v himself_o what_o method_n the_o philosopher_n of_o those_o day_n use_v to_o support_v the_o interest_n of_o polytheism_n what_o vision_n they_o pretend_v to_o what_o magical_a rite_n they_o use_v and_o what_o miracle_n be_v wrought_v in_o confirmation_n of_o their_o opinion_n zosimus_n affirm_v that_o in_o his_o time_n a_o globe_n of_o fire_n hover_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o air_n about_o the_o temple_n of_o venus_n at_o aphaca_n the_o place_n whither_o the_o man_n of_o palmyra_n send_v to_o learn_v their_o fate_n when_o aurelian_a threaten_v they_o with_o ruin_n say_v that_o bigoted_a advocate_n of_o idolatry_n who_o thus_o relate_v the_o story_n that_o when_o they_o have_v consult_v the_o oracle_n at_o seleucia_n in_o cilicia_n have_v receive_v from_o thence_o a_o melancholy_a answer_n they_o send_v to_o aphaca_n a_o place_n situate_a between_o heliopolis_n and_o byblus_n where_o the_o temple_n of_o venus_n aphacitis_n stand_v near_o that_o temple_n be_v a_o natural_a fountain_n that_o seem_v as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v make_v by_o art_n to_o this_o fountain_n the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n at_o those_o set-time_n when_o they_o meet_v there_o bring_v their_o offering_n either_o of_o gold_n or_o silver_n silk_n or_o linen_n clothes_n or_o whatever_o else_o be_v of_o value_n if_o venus_n be_v please_v with_o the_o oblation_n the_o garment_n that_o be_v offer_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n as_o well_o as_o the_o heavy_a metal_n but_o if_o the_o deity_n be_v displease_v all_o swim_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o fountain_n and_o that_o this_o omen_n befall_v the_o man_n of_o palmyra_n the_o year_n when_o their_o city_n be_v destroy_v but_o the_o oracular_a fountain_n that_o foretell_v the_o ruin_n of_o palmyra_n can_v not_o secure_v itself_o from_o a_o like_a fate_n in_o a_o few_o year_n after_o under_o constantine_n the_o great_a which_o eusebius_n the_o church_n historian_n thus_o relate_v constant_n euseb_n vit._n constant_a l._n 3._o c._n 55._o &_o orat._n de_fw-fr laud._n constant_n that_o the_o pious_a emperor_n have_v be_v inform_v that_o the_o pretext_n of_o religion_n
syrian_a graver_n may_v spell_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o custom_n of_o bestow_v oil_n upon_o the_o citizen_n on_o solemn_a festival_n be_v well_o understand_v cestrania_n severina_n give_v a_o great_a sum_n to_o the_o college_n of_o the_o dendrophori_n 312.4_o grut._n 312.4_o that_o every_o year_n upon_o her_o birthday_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o oil_n may_v be_v distribute_v to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o and_o t._n fundilius_n geminus_n give_v 414.2_o id._n 414.2_o beside_o his_o bequest_n to_o the_o chest_n of_o the_o augustale_n and_o the_o magistrate_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o people_n a_o feast_n 136.5_o id._n 136.5_o and_o a_o largess_n of_o oil_n on_o his_o birthday_n and_o l._n caecilius_n bequeath_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o como_n every_o year_n on_o the_o feast_n of_o neptune_n oil_n for_o their_o gymnasia_fw-la and_o their_o bath_n and_o for_o the_o exercise_n in_o the_o public_a place_n of_o sport_n as_o i_o will_v rendert_fw-ge he_o word_n in_o campo_fw-it i_o have_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o many_o other_o eastern_a city_n be_v style_v in_o the_o coin_n though_o monsieur_n patin_n etc._n p._n 130._o etc._n etc._n in_o his_o edition_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o maurocenus_n retain_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o those_o of_o the_o city_n of_o emsea_n carrae_n and_o antioch_n city_n of_o the_o east_n not_o far_o from_o palmyra_n in_o all_o which_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n the_o word_n shall_v be_v render_v metropolis_n colonia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d never_o appear_v in_o any_o lexicon_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v render_v by_o the_o critic_n conjunctio_fw-la in_o via_fw-la or_o iter_fw-la commune_v and_o septimius_n be_v magnify_v in_o the_o inscription_n for_o his_o defray_v the_o expense_n of_o the_o caravan_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o precedent_n of_o the_o merchant_n in_o a_o public_a meeting_n give_v he_o their_o testimonial_a according_a to_o custom_n 309.1_o grut._n 309.1_o so_o metrodorus_n the_o son_n of_o hermogenes_n the_o grandson_n of_o metrodorus_n be_v honour_v with_o a_o testimonial_a from_o the_o whole_a synod_n or_o college_n of_o priest_n of_o ceres_n and_o advance_v to_o the_o office_n of_o stephanephorus_n or_o the_o precedent_n of_o their_o country_n in_o holy_a thing_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o other_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d reward_v with_o the_o thanks_o of_o their_o public_a assembly_n 12._o inscript_n cossou_n n._n 12._o the_o merit_n of_o septimius_n be_v as_o illustrious_a as_o his_o country_n love_n towards_o he_o he_o have_v oblige_v their_o private_a society_n and_o be_v very_o magnificent_a to_o the_o whole_a city_n he_o have_v be_v a_o officer_n and_o behave_v himself_o with_o courage_n and_o reputation_n under_o his_o prince_n odaenathus_fw-la probable_o when_o he_o rout_v the_o persian_n and_o be_v that_o year_n when_o the_o monument_n be_v erect_v the_o symposiarch_n in_o the_o festival_n dedicate_v to_o jupiter_n belus_n their_o patron_n deity_n viz._n in_o the_o year_n 266._o after_o christ_n and_o of_o the_o empire_n of_o odaenathus_fw-la the_o â—_o â—_o 9_o i_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o consider_v the_o monument_n erect_v by_o private_a person_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o their_o friend_n the_o first_o of_o which_o contain_v the_o grateful_a remembrance_n which_o the_o palmyrene_n merchant_n trade_v to_o vologesias_n retain_v of_o the_o great_a service_n which_o julius_n aurelius_n zebeidas_n do_v they_o in_o that_o expedition_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ...._o which_o with_o leave_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o vacant_a space_n and_o to_o correct_v the_o mistake_v may_v thus_o be_v read_v and_o render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ...._o julium_n aurelium_n zebeidam_n mocimi_fw-la f._n zebeidae_n n._n perpetuum_fw-la commercii_fw-la curatorem_fw-la qui_fw-la cum_fw-la illo_fw-la descenderunt_fw-la ad_fw-la emporium_fw-la vologessiam_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la virum_fw-la iis_fw-la gratissimum_fw-la cultûs_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la mensae_fw-la martio_n anno_fw-la 558._o h._n e._n christi_fw-la 246._o philippi_n arabis_n imp._n 2o._o that_o palmyra_n be_v a_o city_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n eminent_a merchant_n have_v be_v already_o prove_v from_o appian_n and_o pliny_n as_o also_o that_o their_o commerce_n be_v maintain_v both_o with_o persia_n and_o the_o western_a empire_n which_o also_o be_v do_v by_o other_o frontier_n city_n though_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o roman_a prince_n as_o by_o nisibis_n and_o edessa_n of_o who_o the_o old_a geographer_n say_v that_o they_o be_v people_v with_o man_n of_o condition_n excellent_o skilled_a in_o all_o the_o method_n of_o trade_n 10_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d §._o 16._o p._n 10_o great_a navigator_n very_o rich_a and_o master_n of_o all_o worldly_a plenty_n that_o what_o they_o buy_v of_o the_o persian_n they_o sell_v to_o the_o roman_n deal_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n but_o contraband_n good_n brass_n and_o iron_n which_o they_o be_v forbid_v to_o sell_v to_o the_o enemy_n of_o persia_n which_o character_n seem_v exact_o suit_v to_o the_o palmyrene_n merchant_n for_o that_o they_o trade_v to_o vologesias_n a_o city_n under_o the_o persian_a jurisdiction_n be_v plain_a from_o the_o inscription_n in_o which_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v neither_o the_o town_n of_o olgassus_n nor_o the_o name_n of_o a_o man_n but_o of_o a_o famous_a city_n on_o the_o euphrates_n not_o far_o from_o its_o confluence_n with_o the_o tigris_n babylon_n say_v 71â…”_n say_v nat._n hist_o l._n 6._o §._o 30._o p._n 71â…”_n pliny_n be_v once_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n and_o the_o great_a mart_n of_o trade_n but_o it_o fall_v into_o decay_n when_o seleucus_n nicator_n build_v seleucia_n where_o the_o two_o river_n meet_v situate_v in_o a_o most_o fruitful_a soil_n and_o common_o call_v babylon_n to_o eclipse_v the_o glory_n and_o lower_v the_o trade_n of_o seleucia_n the_o parthian_n after_o they_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o east_n build_v ctesiphon_n three_o mile_n from_o seleucia_n on_o the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o tigris_n and_o there_o sixth_o the_o residence_n of_o their_o king_n but_o this_o project_n not_o answer_v expectation_n king_n vologeses_n who_o in_o a_o coin_n in_o the_o cabinet_n of_o pope_n alexander_n the_o seven_o be_v style_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o all_o his_o lofty_a title_n according_a to_o the_o rhodomontade_fw-la of_o the_o parthian_a and_o persian_a king_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o which_o epithet_n in_o another_o coin_n in_o monsieur_n patin_n be_v add_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v contemporary_a with_o nero_n and_o vespasian_n build_v another_o city_n which_o from_o his_o own_o name_n he_o call_v vologesocerta_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n 18_o mile_n distant_a say_v the_o peutinger_n table_n but_o to_o the_o south_n of_o babylon_n and_o there_o probable_o fix_v the_o staple_n of_o trade_n from_o the_o persian_a gulf_n and_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o east_n this_o city_n be_v call_v by_o stephanus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o ptolomee_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d volocessia_n in_o the_o peutinger_n table_n and_o vologessia_n by_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n but_o by_o pliny_n according_a to_o the_o persic_a termination_n vologesocerta_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v hesychius_n to_o prove_v which_o assertion_n there_o be_v a_o eminent_a passage_n in_o pliny_n 66¾_n n._n h._n l._n 6._o §._o 10._o p._n 66¾_n that_o among_o the_o city_n of_o armenia_n the_o less_o armosate_n be_v situate_a near_o the_o euphrates_n carcathiocerta_n near_o the_o tigris_n which_o 527._o which_o lib._n 11._o p._n 527._o strabo_n affirm_v be_v the_o royal_a city_n of_o sophene_n but_o on_o the_o mountain_n tigranocerta_n stand_v and_o for_o artasigarta_n which_o ptolemee_n 13._o ptolemee_n l._n 5._o c._n 13._o place_n in_o armenia_n the_o great_a i_o will_v read_v artaxicerta_n zadracarta_n be_v also_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o hyrcania_n say_v 71._o say_v lib._n 3._o the_o exp_v alex._n p._n 71._o arrian_n and_o i_o can_v but_o remark_n that_o this_o word_n either_o in_o termination_n or_o prefix_v in_o almost_o all_o language_n signify_v a_o city_n in_o hebrew_a kiriath-arba_n be_v the_o city_n of_o arba_n kiriath-seph_a be_v the_o city_n of_o book_n in_o the_o punic_a carthage_n be_v the_o new_a city_n in_o the_o scythian_a carpaluk_n the_o city_n of_o fish_n say_v tzetzes_n 224._o chil._n 8._o c._n 224._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o our_o own_o british_a cair-lundein_a london_n cair-kent_n canterbury_n cair-went_a winchester_n etc._n etc._n and_o probable_o among_o the_o egyptian_n gran-cair_a have_v its_o name_n from_o this_o original_a or_o all_o cahira_n as_o the_o arabian_n call_v it_o to_o this_o city_n vologesia_n the_o merchant_n of_o palmyra_n trade_v not_o long_o after_o it_o be_v make_v a_o mart_n
dignity_n he_o be_v honour_v with_o a_o crown_n of_o gold_n statue_n and_o inscription_n to_o perpetuate_v his_o name_n and_o merit_n when_o a_o bath_n be_v build_v it_o be_v usual_a to_o give_v it_o a_o solemn_a dedication_n 7._o dedication_n 178._o 7._o so_o dioclesian_n and_o maximian_n constantius_n and_o galerius_n emperor_n with_o severus_n and_o maximian_n caesar_n consecrate_v the_o bath_n of_o dioclesian_n and_o probable_o for_o this_o reason_n do_v the_o historian_n aggravate_v the_o cruelty_n of_o caracallus_n 112._o lamprid._n p._n 111._o 112._o that_o he_o murder_v several_a people_n of_o all_o condition_n in_o the_o bath_n and_o some_o eminent_a person_n be_v depute_a curator_n to_o super-intend_a the_o building_n that_o it_o may_v not_o fall_v into_o ruin_n nor_o its_o revenue_n be_v alienate_v or_o employ_v to_o wrong_v use_n and_o such_o care_n be_v take_v that_o every_o thing_n shall_v be_v keep_v in_o due_a repair_n that_o though_o the_o revenue_n have_v be_v alienate_v for_o many_o age_n yet_o the_o very_a ruin_n of_o those_o public_a building_n at_o rome_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n very_o venerable_a 16._o at_o arsoffa_n in_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o noble_a church_n upon_o the_o chapiters_n of_o several_a marble_n pillar_n that_o support_v the_o body_n or_o nave_n of_o the_o church_n be_v inscribe_v the_o time_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o that_o sacred_a building_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v erect_v when_o sergius_n be_v bishop_n of_o the_o place_n †_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d episcopo_fw-la sergio_n consanguineo_fw-la maronii_n chorepiscopi_fw-la whither_o maron_n or_o maronius_n in_o the_o inscription_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o founder_n of_o the_o sect_n of_o the_o maronites_n i_o can_v determine_v nor_o whither_o the_o church_n do_v belong_v to_o they_o but_o it_o seem_v probable_a both_o from_o the_o name_n and_o because_o the_o maronites_n chief_a residence_n ancient_o as_o now_o be_v about_o mount_n libanus_n and_o in_o the_o neighbour_a place_n towards_o the_o euphrates_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d leg._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d jovi_fw-la summo_fw-la maximo_fw-la &_o propitio_fw-la bolanus_n zenobii_n filius_fw-la airanis_n nepos_fw-la mocimi_fw-la pronepos_fw-la matthae_fw-la abnepos_fw-la curator_n octavus_fw-la electus_fw-la fontis_fw-la aphacitidis_fw-la sub_fw-la jaribolo_fw-it deo_fw-la aram_fw-la suis_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la posuit_fw-la anno_fw-la 474._o mensis_fw-la octobris_fw-la 20._o h.e._n christi_fw-la 162._o m._n aurelii_n antonini_n 2o._o i_o have_v make_v the_o emendation_n in_o the_o inscription_n which_o mr._n hallifax_v confesseshe_n be_v not_o overconfident_a thatit_fw-la be_v right_o take_v upon_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o ancient_a writer_n from_o who_o we_o have_v unquestionable_a evidence_n that_o the_o oracular_a fountain_n which_o the_o man_n of_o palmyra_n frequent_o consult_v be_v call_v aphaca_n while_o of_o the_o name_n ephca_n there_o be_v no_o footstep_n that_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o antiquity_n etc._n p._n 267_o 268_o etc._n etc._n i_o have_v already_o in_o brief_a give_v the_o history_n of_o the_o fountain_n to_o which_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o add_v that_o the_o worship_n of_o venus_n in_o that_o place_n be_v very_o ancient_a 5_o soz._n eccl._n hist_o l._n 2._o c._n 5_o that_o the_o temple_n be_v very_o famous_a that_o it_o stand_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n adonis_n on_o the_o side_n of_o mount_n libanus_n and_o be_v of_o old_a very_o illustrious_a and_o much_o honour_v that_o upon_o certain_a day_n after_o the_o usual_a form_n of_o invocation_n a_o fire_n descend_v from_o the_o top_n of_o mount_n libanus_n like_o a_o star_n and_o after_o it_o have_v hover_v a_o while_n up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o air_n plunge_v itself_o at_o last_o into_o the_o river_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o star_n be_v urania_n by_o which_o name_n they_o call_v venus_n to_o which_o the_o historian_n add_v that_o the_o temple_n be_v utter_o destroy_v by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o great_a constantine_n 18._o hist_o eccl._n l._n 2._o c._n 18._o as_o eusebius_n aver_v and_o with_o they_o agree_v socrates_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o worship_n and_o the_o apparition_n be_v continue_v if_o we_o may_v credit_v zosimus_n and_o damascius_n two_o bigoted_a zealot_n for_o paganism_n for_o zosimus_n in_o his_o time_n he_o live_v in_o the_o five_o century_n mention_n the_o descent_n of_o the_o star_n at_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n agreeable_a to_o what_o sozomen_n record_n and_o damascius_n who_o live_v about_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o zosimus_n vouch_v for_o the_o truth_n and_o frequency_n of_o those_o apparition_n in_o his_o time_n it_o be_v therefore_o very_o probable_a that_o the_o people_n of_o heliopolis_n as_o of_o emesa_n and_o other_o part_n of_o libanesia_n be_v warm_a favourer_n of_o the_o heathen_a rite_n will_v not_o easy_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v wean_v from_o their_o idolatry_n but_o repair_v their_o temple_n and_o adorn_v it_o though_o not_o with_o so_o great_a pomp_n and_o splendour_n for_o though_o sozomen_n say_v express_o that_o the_o temple_n of_o venus_n at_o heliopolis_n be_v ruin_v by_o constantine_n order_n yet_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o constantius_n reign_n it_o be_v very_o famous_a again_o say_v the_o 14._o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d §._o 17._o p._n 14._o old_a geographer_n set_v out_o by_o gothofred_n and_o worship_v with_o great_a ceremony_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n of_o the_o country_n that_o venus_n dwell_v there_o and_o through_o her_o favour_n so_o order_v it_o that_o the_o woman_n of_o mount_n libanus_n be_v the_o fair_a of_o all_o the_o asiatic_n as_o they_o be_v to_o a_o proverb_n socrates_n say_v that_o they_o hold_v their_o woman_n in_o common_a and_o prostitute_v their_o daughter_n to_o their_o guest_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o under_o julian_n by_o who_o influence_n and_o assistance_n die_v paganism_n begin_v to_o recover_v some_o strength_n and_o vigour_n the_o temple_n also_o recover_v its_o lose_a reputation_n for_o it_o be_v pass_v all_o dispute_n that_o the_o temple_n at_o nacle_n be_v not_o utter_o destroy_v till_o the_o day_n of_o mahomet_n so_o say_v abulfarajus_fw-la 90._o pococ_fw-la specim_fw-la hist_o ar._n p._n 5._o v._n not_o p._n 90._o for_o when_o he_o reckon_v up_o the_o several_a idol_n of_o the_o old_a gentile_a arab_n which_o they_o worship_v before_o that_o imposter_n appear_v in_o the_o world_n he_o say_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o thakif_n worship_v a_o little_a temple_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o nachla_n which_o be_v call_v allat_n or_o alilat_n i._n e._n the_o moon_n or_o venus_n as_o the_o arab_n call_v she_o and_o abulfeda_n aver_v that_o the_o idol_n be_v destroy_v and_o ruin_v by_o the_o command_n of_o mahomet_n in_o the_o nine_o year_n of_o the_o hegira_n i._n e._n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 631._o near_o to_o the_o temple_n of_o venus_n at_o nacle_n be_v the_o well_o aphaca_n situate_a so_o the_o castalian_a fountain_n at_o delphi_n stand_v near_o the_o temple_n of_o apollo_n 100_o v._o marm._n ox._n p._n 100_o and_o another_o oracular_a spring_n of_o that_o name_n in_o daphne_n the_o suburb_n of_o antioch_n rise_v near_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o same_o god_n which_o from_o the_o time_n of_o seleucus_n who_o build_v both_o the_o city_n and_o the_o temple_n be_v very_o famous_a till_o the_o emperor_n adrian_n fill_v the_o well_o with_o stone_n and_o stop_v its_o current_n julian_n open_v it_o again_o but_o in_o a_o little_a time_n both_o fountain_n and_o temple_n be_v consume_v by_o lightning_n from_o heaven_n how_o those_o fountain_n give_v their_o prophetic_a answer_n the_o ancient_a writer_n be_v not_o agree_v some_o say_v the_o enquirer_n write_v his_o question_n on_o a_o lawrel-leaf_n and_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o fountain_n in_o which_o when_o he_o take_v it_o out_o he_o find_v his_o fate_n write_v other_o that_o by_o the_o different_a noise_n of_o the_o water_n either_o he_o who_o consult_v the_o oracle_n or_o the_o priest_n depute_v to_o that_o office_n interpret_v the_o doom_n while_o a_o three_o sort_n affirm_v that_o the_o priest_n drink_v the_o water_n and_o have_v by_o that_o mean_v imbibe_v the_o daemon_n find_v himself_o fill_v with_o the_o spirit_n of_o prophecy_n and_o enable_v thereby_o to_o answer_v all_o question_n how_o the_o well_o aphaca_n give_v its_o response_n zosimus_n particular_o relate_v according_a to_o which_o method_n the_o famous_a stygian-water_n at_o bostra_n in_o arabia_n unriddle_v man_n destiny_n 242._o damase_v apud_fw-la phot._n cod_n 242._o which_o damascius_n describe_v as_o very_o terrible_a for_o if_o the_o daemon_n be_v please_v the_o light_a thing_n throw_v into_o it_o will_v immediate_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o if_o the_o daemon_n be_v angry_a
occur_v the_o time_n when_o the_o marble_n be_v erect_v have_v be_v already_o adjust_v 149_o p._n 148_o 149_o for_o then_o dioclesian_n build_v several_a castle_n upon_o the_o euphrates_n or_o rather_o than_o he_o build_v the_o castr_n caircesia_n for_o though_o it_o be_v a_o frontier_n castle_n before_o that_o time_n gordian_a when_o slay_v by_o philip_n have_v be_v bury_v there_o 5._o l._n 23._o c._n 5._o as_o capitolinus_n aver_v though_o am._n marcellinus_n who_o have_v be_v at_o the_o place_n say_v his_o tomb_n be_v not_o at_o circesium_n but_o at_o zaitha_n seven_o mile_n from_o it_o zosimus_n say_v it_o be_v at_o dura_n eutropius_n and_o rufus_n twenty_o mile_n from_o circesium_n yet_o it_o be_v so_o poor_a and_o weak_a a_o place_n say_v ammianus_n till_o dioclesian_n fortify_v it_o with_o strong_a wall_n and_o tower_n that_o for_o that_o reason_n he_o may_v be_v with_o justice_n say_v to_o have_v build_v the_o castle_n as_o those_o who_o have_v beautify_v decay_v city_n be_v common_o style_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o founder_n of_o those_o place_n 20._o in_o the_o ruin_n of_o briadeen_n the_o follow_a inscription_n be_v find_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v inscribe_v on_o a_o altar_n or_o some_o pillar_n of_o a_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o minerva_n lindia_n for_o so_o i_o will_v correct_v and_o read_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d consecratum_fw-la fuit_fw-la minerva_fw-la lindiae_fw-la à _fw-la materno_fw-la &_o pappo_fw-la &_o marco_n in_o honorem_fw-la deae_fw-la anno_fw-la 541._o h._n e._n 229._o christi_fw-la alexandri_fw-la severi_n 8._o that_o alexander_n severus_n be_v the_o darling_n of_o the_o east_n no_o man_n will_v doubt_v who_o consider_v that_o he_o be_v not_o only_o bear_v in_o syria_n but_o have_v make_v a_o victorious_a expedition_n into_o persia_n to_o secure_v the_o quiet_a of_o his_o native_a country_n and_o that_o for_o his_o illustrious_a quality_n he_o be_v deify_v in_o libanesia_n and_o palmyrene_n as_o well_o as_o at_o rome_n in_o his_o reign_n be_v the_o inscription_n set_v up_o at_o briadeen_n possible_o to_o fulfil_v a_o vow_n for_o his_o preservation_n in_o honour_n of_o minerva_n lindia_n lindus_n be_v rhodes_n say_v suidas_n 〈◊〉_d suidas_n v._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o name_n both_o of_o the_o island_n and_o city_n where_o minerva_n be_v worship_v with_o a_o extraordinary_a devotion_n the_o inhabitant_n sacrifice_v to_o her_o every_o day_n and_o every_o day_n make_v a_o feast_n in_o her_o temple_n 47._o narrat_fw-la 47._o conon_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o phaenician_o have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o rhodes_n be_v drive_v out_o by_o the_o carian_o and_o that_o the_o dorian_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o althaemenes_n dispose_v the_o carian_o and_o build_v three_o city_n in_o the_o island_n lindus_n jalysus_n and_o camirus_n which_o at_o last_o become_v one_o great_a city_n call_v rhodes_n after_o the_o name_n of_o the_o island_n and_o 1._o and_o l._n 2._o c._n 1._o apollodorus_n affirm_v that_o danaus_n have_v by_o the_o help_n of_o his_o daughter_n murder_v the_o son_n of_o his_o brother_n aegyptus_n be_v his_o own_o son_n in_o law_n build_v a_o ship_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o minerva_n in_o which_o himself_o and_o daughter_n flee_v out_o of_o egypt_n to_o rhodes_n where_o he_o dedicate_v the_o image_n of_o minerva_n lindia_n minerva_n say_v 277._o say_v fab._n 277._o hyginus_n build_v the_o ship_n for_o danaus_n the_o first_o of_o the_o kind_n that_o ever_o be_v see_v in_o greece_n say_v 7.46_o say_v 7.46_o pliny_n this_o voyage_n of_o danaus_n commence_v when_o erichthon_n be_v king_n at_o athens_n say_v the_o noble_a collection_n of_o epocha_n in_o the_o 9_o the_o n._n 9_o oxford-marble_n that_o his_o daughter_n amymone_n helice_n and_o archedice_n be_v choose_v by_o lot_n by_o the_o other_o sister_n build_v the_o temple_n upon_o the_o shoar_n in_o the_o maritime_a city_n of_o rhodes_n call_v lindus_n which_o say_v 655._o say_v l._n 14._o p._n 655._o strabo_n be_v situate_a towards_o the_o south_n especial_o towards_o alexandria_n for_o in_o that_o city_n as_o 227._o as_o l._n 5._o p._n 227._o diodorus_n siculus_n affirm_v he_o be_v hospitable_o receive_v and_o therefore_o build_v the_o temple_n and_o consecrate_v the_o statue_n there_o he_o lose_v three_o of_o his_o daughter_n who_o die_v of_o the_o pestilence_n which_o then_o rage_v at_o lindus_n the_o rest_n sail_v with_o their_o father_n to_o argos_n the_o same_o historian_n add_v that_o cadmus_n not_o long_o after_o offer_v several_a gift_n in_o that_o temple_n among_o which_o be_v a_o brass_n vessel_n make_v a_o l'antique_a with_o a_o inscription_n in_o phaenician_a character_n but_o if_o we_o may_v believe_v the_o noble_a marble_n cadmus_n sail_v to_o thebes_n eight_o year_n before_o danaus_n leave_v egypt_n so_o that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o story_n be_v a_o parachronism_n in_o diodorus_n a_o long_a time_n after_o danaus_n death_n amasis_n the_o king_n of_o egypt_n present_v the_o same_o minerva_n of_o lindus_n with_o two_o statue_n of_o stone_n 102._o herod_n l._n 2._o c._n 102._o and_o with_o a_o linen_n breastplate_n of_o admirable_a work_n thoraces_fw-la linei_fw-la be_v very_o usual_a among_o the_o ancient_a captain_n as_o 11._o as_o part._n 2._o l._n 4._o c._n 11._o ferrarius_fw-la unquestionable_o prove_v and_o minerva_n be_v a_o warlike_a goddess_n it_o be_v somewhat_o like_o our_o silkarmor_n because_o his_o country-woman_n build_v that_o temple_n which_o strabo_n say_v be_v in_o his_o time_n very_o illustrious_a and_o much_o frequent_v nor_o be_v she_o honour_v only_o in_o that_o country_n but_o in_o syria_n if_o we_o may_v credit_v the_o inscription_n in_o which_o i_o have_v put_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d though_o perhaps_o it_o shall_v be_v malchus_n hesyc_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 98.7_o 98.7_o in_o gruter_n 21._o at_o andreen_n which_o lie_v between_o briadeen_n and_o aleppo_n among_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o ancient_a church_n be_v find_v some_o break_a inscription_n the_o remain_v of_o the_o devotion_n of_o the_o christian_n of_o former_a age_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ...._o ego_fw-la johannes_n precatus_fw-la deum_fw-la assecutus_fw-la sum_fw-la quod_fw-la petii_fw-la &_o gratias_fw-la agens_fw-la deo_fw-la votum_fw-la solvi_fw-la ut_fw-la peccatis_fw-la meis_fw-la sit_fw-la propitius_fw-la over_o the_o southern_a door_n be_v write_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d porta_n haec_fw-la domini_fw-la justificat_fw-la intrantes_fw-la per_fw-la illam_fw-la over_o the_o western_a door_n which_o i_o will_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d christo_fw-la deo_fw-la optimo_fw-la maximo_fw-la these_o inscription_n do_v not_o need_v a_o commentary_n since_o nothing_o difficult_a occur_v in_o they_o but_o they_o can_v but_o raise_v a_o deep_a commiseration_n in_o all_o christian_n to_o see_v so_o many_o venerable_a remain_n of_o the_o ancient_a piety_n either_o convert_v into_o mosque_n or_o bury_v in_o their_o own_o ruin_n no_o church_n have_v in_o past_a time_n be_v more_o illustrious_a for_o religion_n and_o good_a letter_n than_o the_o oriental_a in_o which_o at_o this_o time_n there_o be_v but_o some_o few_o footstep_n of_o either_o the_o rest_n be_v overrun_v with_o barbarism_n and_o infidelity_n the_o next_o break_a inscription_n be_v also_o undoubted_o christian_n as_o those_o wherein_n θ_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d appear_v and_o i_o suppose_v contain_v the_o name_n of_o the_o eminent_a angel_n vriel_n raphael_n gabriel_n michael_n and_o perhaps_o the_o former_a inscription_n may_v be_v thus_o render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o a_o similar_v epigraphe_n in_o gruter_n 1048.2_o 1048.2_o for_o it_o be_v not_o unusual_a to_o affix_v the_o name_n of_o those_o holy_a angel_n upon_o the_o christian_a tomb_n out_o of_o opinion_n to_o engage_v they_o to_o be_v guardian_n of_o the_o sepulchre_n as_o the_o modern_a pretender_n to_o converse_v with_o spirit_n inscribe_v their_o name_n usual_o on_o their_o utensil_n so_o in_o the_o tomb_n of_o mary_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o emperor_n honorius_n on_o a_o plate_n be_v write_v these_o name_n michael_n gabriel_n raphael_n vriel_n 287.4_o id._n 287.4_o i_o have_v now_o do_v with_o the_o monument_n of_o this_o once_o famous_a country_n and_o because_o there_o be_v in_o every_o man_n a_o innate_a desire_n of_o live_v after_o he_o have_v leave_v this_o world_n though_o all_o man_n do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v another_o and_o that_o they_o desire_v when_o they_o be_v dead_a to_o be_v remember_v and_o well_o speak_v of_o that_o their_o action_n may_v not_o be_v confine_v to_o the_o same_o grave_a with_o their_o carcase_n i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o the_o