as_o in_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o wine_n an._n 5._o of_o queen_n mary_n vouch_v by_o i_o and_o be_v in_o some_o of_o those_o old_a precedent_n if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o i_o must_v confess_v i_o know_v not_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o this_o from_o other_o contempt_n you_o see_v that_o i_o have_v yield_v to_o their_o proposition_n that_o the_o king_n may_v by_o his_o absolute_a power_n restrain_v the_o passage_n of_o merchant_n and_o have_v therein_o grant_v more_o than_o their_o precedent_n prove_v but_o be_v the_o consequence_n good_a that_o because_o the_o king_n may_v restrain_v therefore_o he_o may_v impose_v upon_o such_o as_o pass_v first_o i_o deny_v that_o in_o our_o case_n there_o be_v any_o restraint_n at_o all_o as_o there_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o french_a wine_n by_o queen_n mary_n by_o her_o proclamation_n go_v before_o the_o imposition_n for_o proof_n of_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o to_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n prefix_v before_o the_o last_o book_n of_o rate_n by_o which_o instrument_n the_o imposition_n now_o complain_v of_o be_v altogether_o raise_v you_o shall_v find_v it_o no_o other_o than_o a_o declaration_n of_o the_o king_n pleasure_n so_o to_o have_v it_o and_o a_o course_n prescribe_v for_o levy_v of_o it_o but_o admit_v that_o the_o very_o lay_v of_o a_o imposition_n do_v imply_v a_o restraint_n yet_o i_o deny_v the_o consequence_n because_o the_o king_n may_v restrain_v total_o that_o therefore_o he_o may_v restrain_v for_o a_o time_n or_o from_o certain_a place_n or_o certain_a commodity_n or_o certain_a merchant_n this_o indeed_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n a_o majori_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la but_o because_o he_o may_v restrain_v total_o therefore_o that_o he_o may_v give_v passage_n for_o money_n be_v no_o good_a consequence_n for_o in_o our_o case_n there_o be_v no_o restraint_n at_o all_o but_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o passage_n for_o money_n if_o there_o be_v just_a occasion_n of_o a_o restraint_n the_o law_n give_v the_o king_n power_n to_o restrain_v but_o when_o merchant_n may_v without_o hurt_n of_o the_o state_n have_v passage_n as_o in_o our_o case_n to_o enforce_v they_o to_o pay_v for_o that_o passage_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n as_o unlawful_a as_o to_o enforce_v any_o man_n whatsoever_o to_o pay_v for_o do_v that_o which_o he_o may_v lawful_o do_v merchant_n have_v as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v as_o good_a inheritance_n in_o their_o trade_n as_o any_o man_n in_o his_o land_n and_o when_o it_o may_v stand_v with_o the_o good_a of_o the_o state_n that_o they_o may_v pass_v they_o ought_v to_o pass_v as_o free_o without_o charge_n impose_v on_o they_o as_o any_o man_n ought_v to_o hold_v his_o inheritance_n or_o any_o artificer_n or_o other_o tradesman_n ought_v to_o exercise_v their_o lawful_a trade_n and_o mean_n of_o live_v free_a from_o burden_n to_o be_v lay_v on_o by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n if_o all_o other_o shall_v be_v free_a and_o only_a merchant_n who_o adventure_n their_o person_n and_o estate_n in_o so_o many_o danger_n to_o bring_v we_o from_o far_a place_n such_o thing_n as_o without_o which_o we_o can_v subsist_v and_o to_o return_v we_o profit_v for_o our_o superfluity_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o involuntarie_a burden_n their_o estate_n be_v of_o all_o other_o man_n most_o unhappy_a and_o slavish_a which_o of_o all_o other_o trade_n be_v indeed_o the_o noble_a and_o most_o worthy_a to_o be_v cherish_v and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o note_v that_o in_o all_o other_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n where_o the_o merchant_n be_v subject_a to_o imposition_n at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n the_o landlord_n the_o farmer_n the_o artificer_n the_o very_a ploughman_n and_o all_o other_o be_v in_o like_a sort_n subject_n to_o tax_n and_o burden_n when_o the_o king_n please_v the_o merchant_n be_v not_o the_o man_n alone_o that_o be_v subject_a to_o tax_n and_o all_o other_o man_n free_a if_o in_o the_o frame_n of_o our_o common_a wealth_n it_o be_v think_v fit_a to_o free_v all_o other_o trade_n and_o profession_n from_o tax_n much_o more_o ought_v it_o to_o be_v think_v reasonable_a that_o our_o merchant_n shall_v be_v free_a and_o by_o all_o mean_v possible_a encourage_v in_o their_o trade_n for_o our_o case_n be_v not_o as_o it_o be_v with_o other_o nation_n of_o the_o continent_n we_o be_v islander_n and_o divide_v by_o the_o sea_n from_o all_o the_o world_n and_o in_o that_o respect_n have_v such_o use_n of_o merchant_n as_o we_o can_v live_v without_o they_o if_o therefore_o any_o shall_v be_v free_a among_o we_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o merchant_n and_o not_o the_o quite_o contrary_a only_o the_o merchant_n charge_v and_o all_o other_o free_a plato_n in_o his_o 8._o book_n de_fw-fr rep._n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o merchant_n for_o his_o encouragement_n to_o trade_n shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o custom_n whatsoever_o we_o seek_v only_o to_o be_v free_a of_o involuntary_a imposition_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o argument_n of_o restraint_n from_o whence_o i_o be_o a_o little_a digress_v if_o it_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n that_o because_o the_o king_n may_v restrain_v in_o toto_fw-la he_o may_v restrain_v in_o tanto_fw-la it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v unto_o i_o for_o it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o in_o case_n where_o he_o can_v restrain_v in_o toto_fw-la he_o can_v restrain_v in_o tanto_fw-la but_o there_o be_v no_o man_n that_o will_v say_v that_o he_o may_v restrain_v the_o entrance_n and_o passage_n of_o all_o merchant_n to_o and_o from_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o world_n whatsoever_o without_o any_o limitation_n of_o time_n but_o the_o restraint_n to_o endure_v for_o ever_o and_o for_o all_o kind_n of_o merchandize_n whatsoever_o of_o most_o necessary_a and_o common_a use_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o or_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n there_o be_v no_o man_n i_o suppose_v will_v say_v that_o the_o law_n have_v give_v the_o king_n power_n to_o make_v so_o unreasonable_a a_o restraint_n as_o this_o for_o it_o be_v to_o give_v he_o a_o power_n to_o destroy_v merchandise_n and_o consequent_o to_o ruin_v the_o common_a wealth_n beside_o it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o of_o reason_n itself_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o any_o wise_a law_n in_o the_o world_n shall_v allow_v it_o but_o if_o our_o imposition_n as_o it_o be_v say_v do_v imply_v a_o restraint_n and_o that_o a_o restraint_n be_v always_o the_o forerunner_n of_o all_o imposition_n then_o such_o a_o unreasonable_a restraint_n as_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o must_v needs_o be_v presuppose_v to_o have_v be_v the_o ground_n or_o forerunner_n of_o our_o present_a imposition_n for_o in_o our_o imposition_n be_v not_o all_o the_o merchandize_n of_o necessary_a and_o common_a use_n charge_v be_v not_o all_o the_o merchant_n denizen_n and_o stranger_n import_v from_o any_o part_n or_o export_v to_o any_o part_n of_o the_o world_n subject_n to_o the_o charge_n be_v there_o any_o limitation_n of_o time_n but_o to_o endure_v for_o ever_o if_o i_o say_v such_o a_o restraint_n have_v be_v unlawful_a which_o i_o suppose_v no_o man_n will_v deny_v than_o whatsoever_o impli_v such_o a_o restraint_n which_o our_o imposition_n do_v be_v likewise_o unlawful_a but_o the_o ill_a consequence_n of_o this_o their_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o king_n power_n of_o restraint_n will_v best_o appear_v by_o compare_v it_o to_o other_o case_n i_o little_a doubt_n but_o the_o king_n upon_o some_o occasion_n may_v lawful_o restrain_v the_o passage_n of_o all_o man_n through_o the_o gate_n of_o london_n as_o for_o the_o purpose_n when_o the_o city_n shall_v be_v besiege_v or_o in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o extreme_a plague_n nay_o be_v it_o not_o by_o authority_n derive_v only_o from_o he_o that_o the_o gate_n be_v shut_v every_o night_n do_v it_o follow_v therefore_o that_o because_o he_o may_v do_v it_o upon_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n or_o at_o some_o time_n that_o he_o may_v shut_v up_o the_o passage_n for_o ever_o or_o that_o presuppose_v such_o a_o restraint_n by_o his_o absolute_a power_n he_o may_v lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o every_o burden_n of_o any_o thing_n bring_v in_o or_o carry_v out_o as_o the_o duke_n of_o florence_n and_o many_o other_o state_n in_o italy_n and_o germany_n do_v or_o upon_o every_o man_n by_o the_o poll_n that_o shall_v pass_v through_o the_o gate_n you_o see_v the_o weakness_n and_o danger_n of_o the_o consequence_n of_o this_o argument_n and_o how_o it_o tend_v to_o justify_v imposition_n within_o the_o land_n and_o so_o i_o leave_v it_o and_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o the_o port_n and_o haven_n town_n of_o england_n be_v say_v they_o the_o king_n answer_v the_o three_o argument_n that_o the_o port_n be_v the_o
king_n and_o that_o he_o may_v open_v they_o and_o shut_v they_o upon_o what_o condition_n he_o please_v answer_v and_o in_o regard_n thereof_o he_o may_v open_v and_o shut_v they_o upon_o what_o condition_n he_o please_v i_o answer_v i._o that_o the_o position_n that_o all_o the_o port_n be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o general_o true_a for_o subject_n may_v also_o be_v owner_n of_o port_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o 3._o e._n 1._o m._n 1._o parl._n where_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o king_n ed._n 1._o grant_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o port_n town_n the_o forfeiture_n grant_v to_o he_o by_o parliament_n for_o not_o due_o pay_v the_o new_a custom_n of_o the_o demy-marke_a within_o every_o several_a port_n of_o they_o where_o the_o merchandize_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v import_v or_o export_v but_o admit_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o position_n yet_o be_v the_o consequence_n as_o weak_a and_o dangerous_a as_o of_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o argument_n for_o be_v not_o all_o the_o gate_n of_o city_n and_o town_n and_o all_o the_o street_n and_o highway_n in_o england_n the_o king_n and_o as_o much_o subject_n to_o be_v open_a or_o shut_v at_o his_o pleasure_n as_o the_o port_n be_v nay_o whensoever_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o highway_n in_o any_o law_n business_n we_o call_v it_o via_fw-la regius_fw-la the_o king_n highway_n and_o the_o king_n in_o his_o commission_n speak_v of_o london_n or_o any_o other_o city_n call_v it_o civitas_n nostra_fw-la london_n or_o civitas_n nostra_fw-la exon_n do_v it_o follow_v therefore_o that_o the_o king_n may_v lay_v imposition_n upon_o every_o man_n or_o upon_o all_o commodity_n that_o shall_v pass_v through_o any_o of_o these_o place_n nay_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o king_n own_o house_n for_o the_o purpose_n his_o palace_n of_o westminster_n be_v his_o in_o a_o far_o near_a degree_n than_o any_o of_o these_o may_v he_o therefore_o by_o his_o proclamation_n impose_v upon_o every_o man_n that_o shall_v pass_v in_o or_o out_o at_o westminster_n hall_n door_n a_o sum_n of_o money_n doubtless_o he_o may_v not_o because_o the_o king_n be_v a_o person_n public_a and_o his_o subject_n ought_v to_o have_v access_n to_o he_o as_o to_o the_o fountain_n of_o justice_n and_o to_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n sit_v by_o his_o authority_n i_o make_v little_a doubt_n but_o his_o majesty_n may_v upon_o just_a occasion_n cause_n any_o of_o these_o passage_n to_o be_v shut_v as_o he_o may_v also_o the_o passage_n at_o the_o havens_n but_o when_o the_o passage_n may_v without_o danger_n to_o the_o state_n be_v open_a and_o that_o the_o subject_n may_v pass_v his_o majesty_n may_v not_o then_o exact_a money_n for_o their_o passage_n for_o the_o law_n have_v give_v the_o king_n power_n over_o these_o thing_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o not_o thereby_o to_o charge_n and_o burden_v the_o subject_a if_o the_o king_n may_v not_o exact_a money_n for_o passage_n in_o and_o out_o of_o his_o court_n gate_n because_o of_o the_o publicness_n of_o his_o person_n nor_o for_o passage_n through_o the_o gate_n of_o city_n much_o less_o may_v he_o for_o passage_n out_o at_o the_o port_n which_o be_v the_o great_a gate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o which_o the_o subject_n ought_v as_o free_o to_o enjoy_v as_o the_o air_n or_o the_o water_n another_o of_o their_o argument_n be_v this_o answer_v the_o four_o argument_n that_o the_o king_n be_v bind_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n to_o protect_v merchant_n &_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a it_o shall_v be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o lay_v moderate_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n for_o raise_v of_o money_n to_o defray_v his_o charge_n answer_v the_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o protect_v merchant_n from_o spoil_n by_o the_o enemy_n he_o ought_v to_o fortify_v the_o havens_n that_o their_o ship_n may_v there_o abide_v in_o safety_n he_o ought_v if_o occasion_n be_v to_o send_v ambassador_n to_o foreign_a prince_n to_o negotiate_v for_o they_o and_o many_o the_o like_a charge_n be_v the_o king_n by_o the_o law_n to_o undergo_v for_o the_o protection_n of_o his_o merchant_n it_o be_v reason_n therefore_o that_o his_o expense_n be_v defraied_a out_o of_o the_o profit_n make_v by_o merchant_n and_o consequent_o that_o he_o may_v impose_v upon_o merchandise_n a_o moderate_a charge_n thereby_o to_o repay_v himself_o the_o consequence_n of_o this_o argument_n be_v thus_o far_o true_a the_o law_n expect_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v protect_v merchant_n therefore_o it_o allow_v he_o out_o of_o merchandise_n a_o revenue_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o charge_n which_o be_v the_o old_a custom_n due_a as_o at_o first_o i_o say_v by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o it_o be_v no_o good_a consequence_n answer_v the_o five_o argument_n that_o all_o foreign_a prince_n have_v power_n to_o impose_v and_o if_o our_o king_n have_v not_o the_o like_a it_o may_v be_v very_o inconvenient_a to_o this_o state_n answer_v that_o therefore_o he_o may_v take_v what_o he_o listen_v no_o more_o than_o he_o may_v at_o his_o pleasure_n increase_v that_o old_a revenue_n which_o the_o law_n give_v he_o for_o protect_v of_o subject_n in_o their_o suit_n or_o for_o protect_a ward_n etc._n etc._n another_o argument_n of_o they_o be_v this_o all_z other_z prince_n of_o the_o world_n may_v impose_v upon_o merchandise_n at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o so_o may_v make_v our_o merchandize_n less_o vendible_a with_o they_o by_o lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o they_o to_o be_v pay_v by_o we_o when_o they_o be_v bring_v into_o their_o territory_n whereby_o their_o own_o commodity_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n may_v be_v sell_v more_o to_o the_o gain_n of_o their_o merchant_n and_o our_o merchant_n impoverish_v or_o drive_v from_o his_o trade_n they_o may_v also_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o our_o merchant_n fetch_v commodity_n from_o thence_o and_o leave_v their_o own_o merchant_n free_a from_o any_o imposition_n in_o the_o same_o case_n by_o which_o their_o merchant_n shall_v reap_v all_o the_o profit_n by_o that_o commodity_n in_o afford_v it_o better_a cheap_a to_o we_o here_o than_o we_o can_v fetch_v it_o and_o consequent_o our_o merchant_n shall_v be_v undo_v many_o the_o like_a case_n have_v be_v put_v to_o prove_v that_o if_o the_o king_n of_o england_n may_v not_o impose_v as_o other_o prince_n may_v they_o shall_v be_v able_a at_o their_o pleasure_n to_o destroy_v our_o trade_n this_o i_o conceive_v be_v the_o same_o as_o now_o it_o be_v during_o all_o that_o time_n from_o ed._n 3._o till_o queen_n mary_n and_o doubtless_o it_o can_v not_o but_o sometime_o during_o that_o long_a space_n so_o fall_v out_o that_o foreign_a prince_n do_v put_v their_o power_n in_o practice_n to_o our_o prejudice_n and_o yet_o we_o hear_v not_o of_o any_o imposition_n lay_v by_o any_o of_o our_o king_n by_o their_o absolute_a power_n which_o may_v give_v any_o man_n assurance_n that_o they_o take_v some_o other_o course_n to_o meet_v with_o the_o inconvenience_n and_o in_o deed_n the_o mean_n be_v divers_a which_o these_o our_o king_n use_v to_o prevent_v it_o first_o they_o be_v careful_a in_o all_o their_o league_n and_o treaty_n with_o foreign_a prince_n special_o to_o provide_v for_o it_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o record_n of_o the_o ancient_a league_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o league_n of_o late_a time_n that_o have_v not_o have_v a_o article_n for_o provision_n in_o this_o point_n which_o league_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v upon_o oath_n on_o both_o part_n and_o yet_o for_o further_a security_n our_o king_n have_v always_o have_v ambassador_n resident_a in_o the_o court_n of_o such_o foreign_a prince_n to_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o their_o league_n if_o upon_o any_o occasion_n our_o merchant_n have_v in_o that_o case_n happen_v to_o be_v never_o so_o little_o wrong_v by_o they_o &_o if_o upon_o complaint_n of_o the_o ambassador_n our_o merchant_n have_v not_o find_v redress_n our_o king_n have_v hold_v the_o league_n as_o break_v and_o denounce_v war_n or_o seize_v all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o same_o prince_n subject_n within_o england_n and_o i_o dare_v say_v there_o have_v be_v more_o war_n undertake_v by_o our_o prince_n against_o foreign_a nation_n only_o for_o this_o cause_n then_o for_o any_o one_o other_o cause_n whatsoever_o beside_o our_o king_n have_v in_o this_o case_n sometime_o make_v use_n of_o that_o their_o prerogative_n of_o restraint_n either_o by_o prohibit_v our_o merchant_n from_o carry_v our_o commodity_n into_o those_o part_n where_o they_o be_v charge_v with_o imposition_n that_o so_o by_o the_o want_n of_o our_o commodity_n foreign_a prince_n may_v be_v enforce_v to_o abate_v their_o imposition_n lay_v upon_o they_o or_o by_o restrain_v the_o merchant_n of_o foreign_a prince_n to_o import_v or_o export_v commodity_n from_o hence_o by_o which_o mean_v foreign_a prince_n have_v be_v compel_v to_o deal_v favourable_o with_o our_o merchant_n for_o the_o good_a of_o their_o own_o subject_n all_o these_o be_v lawful_a and_o ordinary_a mean_n to_o prevent_v or_o redress_v the_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v grow_v by_o the_o imposition_n of_o other_o prince_n if_o all_o these_o ordinary_a mean_n shall_v happen_v to_o fail_v which_o can_v hardly_o so_o fall_v out_o and_o that_o the_o lay_n of_o imposition_n be_v indeed_o the_o only_a mean_n that_o be_v leave_v to_o redress_v the_o inconvenience_n why_o shall_v not_o that_o be_v do_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o well_o in_o these_o time_n as_o it_o be_v in_o 7._o h._n 7._o cap._n 7._o to_o take_v down_o the_o imposition_n of_o four_o ducat_n upon_o a_o but_o of_o malmsey_n impose_v by_o the_o venetian_n and_o as_o it_o be_v do_v by_o queen_n eliz._n the_o 19_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n to_o prevent_v the_o lay_n of_o imposition_n by_o foreign_a prince_n upon_o saltfish_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o print_a statute_n of_o 19_o eliz._n cap._n 10._o but_o as_o i_o have_v say_v the_o providence_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o ordinary_a power_n of_o restraint_n may_v very_o well_o meet_v with_o the_o inconvenience_n these_o be_v the_o chief_a reason_n make_v in_o maintenance_n of_o imposition_n the_o weakness_n of_o they_o and_o their_o dangerous_a consequence_n you_o can_v but_o perceive_v for_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n tax_n within_o the_o land_n may_v be_v as_o well_o prove_v to_o be_v lawful_a on_o the_o contrary_a part_n you_o have_v hear_v the_o reason_n against_o imposition_n fortify_v by_o many_o record_n and_o statute_n in_o the_o point_n so_o as_o i_o conclude_v that_o imposition_n neither_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n or_o other_o the_o great_a necessity_n or_o occasion_n that_o may_v be_v much_o less_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n neither_o upon_o foreign_a nor_o inland_n commodity_n of_o whatsoever_o nature_n be_v they_o never_o so_o superfluous_a or_o unnecessary_a neither_o upon_o merchant_n stranger_n nor_o denizen_n may_v be_v lay_v by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n be_v it_o for_o never_o so_o short_a a_o time_n much_o less_o to_o endure_v for_o ever_o as_o we_o though_o this_o be_v now_o my_o opinion_n yet_o be_o not_o i_o so_o obstinate_a therein_o but_o if_o yet_o i_o hear_v better_a reason_n i_o will_v once_o again_o change_v my_o mind_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n you_o see_v i_o have_v reason_n to_o alter_v my_o first_o opinion_n as_o be_v ground_v upon_o very_o weak_a reason_n as_o now_o they_o appear_v unto_o i_o and_o so_o i_o suppose_v they_o do_v also_o unto_o you_o finis_fw-la 7o._o julii_n 1641._o at_o a_o committee_n of_o the_o honourable_a house_n of_o commons_o for_o examination_n of_o book_n and_o of_o the_o licens_v and_o suppress_v of_o they_o etc._n etc._n it_o be_v order_v that_o this_o argument_n upon_o imposition_n be_v forthwith_o publish_v in_o print_n edward_z dering_n
year_n public_o read_v before_o the_o people_n that_o likewise_o twice_o every_o year_n there_o shall_v be_v excommunication_n solemn_o denounce_v to_o the_o breaker_n thereof_o that_o all_o statute_n and_o all_o judgement_n give_v against_o it_o shall_v be_v hold_v as_o void_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v receive_v and_o allow_v as_o the_o common-law_n by_o all_o such_o as_o have_v the_o administration_n of_o justice_n 1.2.3.4_o 25_o e._n 1_o cap._n 1.2.3.4_o and_o it_o have_v be_v no_o less_o than_o 29_o time_n solemn_o confirm_v in_o parliament_n i_o will_v therefore_o with_o so_o much_o the_o more_o care_n endeavour_n to_o free_v this_o law_n from_o all_o the_o objection_n that_o have_v be_v make_v against_o it_o the_o first_o objection_n do_v tend_v to_o the_o diminish_n of_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n answer_v the_o first_o objection_n that_o it_o extend_v only_o to_o merchant-stranger_n answer_v as_o touch_v the_o person_n who_o it_o may_v concern_v for_o it_o have_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o the_o latter_a word_n of_o the_o statute_n that_o it_o shall_v extend_v only_o to_o merchants-aliens_a and_o not_o to_o denizen_n first_o it_o be_v improbable_a that_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v more_o careful_a to_o provide_v for_o the_o indemnity_n of_o merchant-stranger_n than_o of_o english_a except_o perhaps_o they_o may_v imagine_v that_o english_a merchant_n be_v already_o sufficient_o provide_v for_o by_o the_o common-law_n if_o that_o be_v their_o reason_n as_o there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o that_o i_o can_v imagine_v it_o do_v as_o much_o maintain_v my_o opinion_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v contain_v within_o the_o statute_n again_o the_o word_n be_v general_a all_o merchant_n and_o qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la dixerit_fw-la nullos_fw-la excipit_fw-la beside_o the_o statute_n be_v a_o beneficial_a law_n in_o which_o case_n particular_a and_o special_a word_n do_v always_o admit_v a_o general_a extent_n and_o therefore_o to_o restrain_v general_a word_n as_o the_o objector_n will_v be_v against_o all_o reason_n and_o rule_v of_o law_n as_o for_o the_o latter_a word_n it_o be_v true_a they_o do_v indeed_o extend_v only_o to_o merchant-stranger_n but_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o first_o sentence_n be_v perfect_a without_o this_o and_o as_o long_o as_o no_o absurdity_n nor_o contradiction_n do_v follow_v by_o interpret_n the_o first_o word_n to_o extend_v to_o all_o merchant_n in_o general_a and_o the_o latter_a only_o to_o merchant-stranger_n the_o most_o ample_a and_o beneficial_a construction_n be_v ever_o the_o best_a as_o in_o all_o other_o statute_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o this_o objection_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n clear_o remove_v by_o 2._o statute_n make_v by_o ed._n 3._o in_o declaration_n of_o this_o very_a clause_n the_o first_o be_v 2_o ed._n 3._o c._n 8._o the_o word_n be_v all_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o privy_n may_v go_v and_o come_v with_o their_o merchandize_n into_o england_n after_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n i_o take_v it_o that_o privy_n in_o this_o place_n be_v the_o very_a word_n that_o be_v find_v in_o the_o original_a which_o be_v in_o french_a aught_o to_o be_v understand_v denizen_n for_o otherwise_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v have_v be_v join_v to_o the_o word_n stranger_n by_o a_o conjunction_n disjunctive_a which_o be_v usual_a where_o the_o word_n be_v of_o one_o sense_n and_o not_o by_o a_o copulative_a as_o here_o it_o be_v beside_o i_o take_v the_o word_n privy_a to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o latin_a privatus_fw-la which_o signify_v a_o particular_a property_n as_o res_fw-la privata_fw-la a_o man_n own_o private_a estate_n so_o mercatores_fw-la privati_fw-la our_o own_o merchant_n that_o merchant-stranger_n shall_v be_v first_o name_v be_v common_a in_o statute_n and_o record_n the_o next_o statute_n explain_v this_o of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v 14_o ed._n 3._o c._n 2._o the_o word_n be_v whereas_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o great_a charter_n that_o all_o merchant_n shall_v have_v safe_a conduct_n etc._n etc._n we_o grant_v that_o all_o merchant_n denizen_n and_o forrein_n may_v free_o pass_v etc._n etc._n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o mere_a declaration_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la the_o second_o objection_n make_v against_o this_o branch_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la answer_v the_o second_o objection_n that_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap_n 30._o be_v make_v only_o against_o tax_n within_o the_o land_n answer_v be_v that_o the_o meaning_n thereof_o be_v to_o secure_v the_o merchant_n not_o from_o a_o new_a increase_n of_o custom_n to_o be_v impose_v by_o the_o king_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o their_o entrance_n or_o go_v out_o of_o the_o port_n such_o as_o our_o imposition_n be_v but_o from_o certain_a petty_a exaction_n as_o toll_v and_o such_o like_a which_o be_v then_o usual_o demand_v of_o they_o within_o the_o land_n by_o the_o town_n through_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pass_v and_o where_o they_o sell_v their_o merchandise_n for_o the_o far_a remedy_n of_o which_o there_o be_v afterward_o divers_a statute_n make_v which_o do_v evident_o manifest_v that_o such_o be_v the_o mischief_n and_o they_o do_v the_o rather_o make_v this_o collection_n because_o of_o the_o word_n buy_v and_o sell_v without_o evil_a tolt_n for_o say_v they_o imposition_n be_v not_o pay_v upon_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o merchandise_n but_o when_o they_o be_v to_o ship_n or_o unship_v they_o take_v hold_v of_o the_o word_n toll_n which_o proper_o be_v a_o exaction_n for_o passage_n within_o the_o land_n or_o for_o sale_n in_o market_n or_o fair_n these_o objection_n notwithstanding_o i_o hold_v it_o somewhat_o clear_a that_o the_o meaning_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v principal_o to_o secure_a merchant_n touch_v imposition_n my_o first_o argument_n be_v draw_v ab_fw-la authoritate_fw-la from_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o wise_a and_o most_o sage_a man_n in_o great_a place_n and_o office_n within_o this_o kingdom_n in_o the_o time_n wherein_o they_o live_v and_o who_o also_o can_v so_o much_o the_o better_a judge_n of_o the_o true_a meaneng_n of_o this_o statute_n in_o that_o they_o live_v so_o near_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_v thereof_o even_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o next_o king_n save_o one_o to_o he_o that_o make_v this_o statute_n i_o mean_v those_o who_o make_v the_o ordinance_n in_o 5._o ed._n 2._o heretofore_o divers_a time_n mention_v by_o i_o who_o in_o allege_v their_o reason_n against_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la do_v among_o other_o thing_n say_v that_o the_o same_o be_v make_v against_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o grief_n conceive_v against_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la other_o than_o the_o imposition_n by_o colour_n thereof_o lay_v upon_o foreign_a commodity_n it_o appear_v by_o the_o ordinance_n that_o be_v the_o only_a cause_n if_o then_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la be_v by_o they_o adjudge_v to_o be_v against_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la only_o because_o by_o colour_n thereof_o new_a imposition_n be_v raise_v without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o they_o interpret_v the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la to_o be_v make_v against_o imposition_n if_o they_o have_v think_v it_o to_o have_v extend_v only_o to_o petty_a toll_n and_o exaction_n within_o the_o land_n as_o be_v object_v then_o can_v it_o not_o have_v extend_v to_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la as_o for_o the_o word_n buy_v and_o sell_v without_o any_o manner_n of_o evil_a toll_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o the_o word_n may_v perhaps_o have_v that_o sense_n which_o have_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o they_o viz._n that_o in_o buy_v and_o sell_v they_o shall_v be_v free_a also_o from_o unjust_a exaction_n within_o the_o land_n but_o i_o say_v further_o that_o these_o word_n without_o any_o manner_n of_o evil_a toll_n by_o the_o old_a and_o rightful_a custom_n do_v extend_v not_o only_o to_o the_o next_o precedent_n word_n buy_v and_o sell_v but_o also_o to_o the_o former_a word_n enter_v and_o return_v and_o more_o principal_o to_o they_o then_o to_o any_o other_o for_o to_o have_v provide_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v free_a from_o those_o petty_a exaction_n of_o toll_n in_o market_n and_o for_o pass_v through_o city_n and_o town_n and_o to_o leave_v they_o subject_n to_o imposition_n to_o be_v lay_v on_o at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n have_v be_v but_o a_o slender_a security_n this_o exposition_n of_o i_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o record_n here_o among_o we_o of_o 16._o hen._n 3._o no_o long_o than_o seven_o year_n after_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n command_v his_o officer_n at_o the_o port_n to_o signify_v to_o all_o merchant_n that_o they_o may_v with_o safety_n enter_v into_o his_o kingdom_n pay_v the_o rightful_a and_o ancient_a custom_n nec_fw-la timeant_fw-la