side they intended to have burnt the City of London and to have divided all the Rich Goods found there amongst themselves This he affirmed to have been their Design as he desired God would help him at his going out of the World W. Walworth and other chief Citizens of London Knighted and then had his Head struck off For their Good Service in destroying Wat Tiler preserving the City and giving him Assistance the King Knighted 1 Stow's Annals p. 463. William Walworth Major John Philpot Nicholas Brembre and Robert Laund Aldermen and gave to Sir William Walworth 100 l. per Annum Land and to the other 40 l. per Annum to them and their Heirs for ever And not long after Knighted Nicholas Twiford and Adam Francis Two other Aldermen In the 2 Wals f. 278. n. 50. 279. lin 4. time of these Insurrections and Rebellions the Duke of Lancaster was in Scotland where he concluded a Truce for Two Years before they heard of the Tumults and Riots in England 3 Ibm. n. 30 40. A two Years Truce with the Scots A Quarrel between the D. of Lancaster Earl of Northumberland In his return he was denied Entrance into Berwic by the Earl of Northumberland which mightily incensed him against the Earl On the 16th of July 4 Rot. Claus 5 Rot. II. M. 40 Dors A Parlement called Writs were sent forth for a Parlement to meet at Westminster on Monday after the Exaltation of Holy Cross or 14th of September which was afterwards Prorogued to the 5 Ib. M. 39 Dors morrow of All-Souls which was Monday when it was 6 Rot. Parl. 5 Ric. II. n. 1. Adjourned to the next Day many Lords and Prelates being absent and so unto Wednesday when by reason of the Quarrel between the Duke of Lancaster and Earl of Northumberland who came to the Parlement with great Force of Armed Men and Archers the King They came to the Parlement with great Force of armed Men. caused the Parlement to be Adjourned unto Saturday in which 7 Wals f. 280. n. 40 50. The K. ends the Quarrel time the King composed the Differences between them and ended the Quarrel The Cause of Summons was 8 Rot. Parl. 5 Ric. II. n. 8. The cause of Summons declared to be That they might consider how to procure the Quiet and Peace of the Nation and settle it after the late Tumults and Insurrections to confirm or repeal the Revocation the King had made of the Grants of Liberty and Manumission by Force and Coertion obtained by the Natives Bond-Tenants and Villains That the King was much indebted and in great Necessity for Money to maintain his Court and the Wars The whole Parlement Lords and Commons 9 Ibm. n. 13. The Liberties and Manumissions of the Villains c. repealed by Authority of Parlement declared the Grants of Liberties and Manumission to Natives Villains and Bond-Tenants to be by Coertion in Disheritance of them and Destruction of the Realm and therefore to be null and repealed by Authority of Parlement The Commons 1 Ibm. The Commons desire certain Prelates and Lds. to treat with them The King prayed the King to have certain Prelates and Lords to comune with them about their Charge for that the Matters very highly concerned the State of the Realm and it was much to the Purpose to have their Advice The Answer 2 Ibm. n. 14. grants their Request was They should give in the Names to the King in Writing of such as they desired that he might advise about it Which was done and the King granted their Desire le Roy lour Grantast al Effect qils furent Demandez And the Commons further * Ibm. n. 16. The Commons pray the King the Prelates by themselves the Great Lds. by themselves and the Kâ—s by themselves and the Justices by themselves might treat about their Charge and their Advice reported to theâ— This was contrary to the Practice and Custom of Parlement which the K. would have observed prayed the King That the Prelates by themselves the Great Lords Temporal by themselves the Knights by themselves the Justices by themselves and all other Estates singly might be charged to treat and comune about their Charge and that their Advice might be reported to the Commons To which it was answered Tha the King had charged the Lords and other Sages to comune and treat diligently upon the said Matters But the ancient Custom and Form of Parlement had always been That the Commons should first report their Advice upon the Matters given them to the King and Lords of Parlement and not on the contrary and therefore the King would that the ancient and good Customs and Form of Parlement should be kept and observed After the Commons had conferred 3 Ibm n. 17. The Commons complain of the ill Government of toâ— Kingdom with the Lords they returned into the Parlement and made great Complaint of the ill Government of the Realm which if not amended the Kingdom would be in short time ruined They complained of the Government about the King's Person his Court the over-great Number of his Servants of the Chancery Kings-Bench Common-Pleas Exchequer of grievous Oppressions in the Country par la Outrageouse Multitude de Braceurs des Quereles Mainteinours qi sout come Roys en Pais que Droit ne Loy est a poy fait c. by the great Multitude of Bracers of Quarrels and Maintainers who behaved themselves like Kings in the Country so as there was very little of Law or Right and of other things which they said were the cause of the late Commotion Rumor and Mischiefs of the Land and requested they might be amended The King 4 Ibm n. 18. Certain Lords and others assigned to survey and examin the Government of the King's Person and Kingdom These Lords and others were assigned and chosen by the King See n. 27. by Advice of the Lords and his Council granted that certain Prelates Lords and others should survey and examin the Government of his Person and Court and to think of sufficient Remedies The Persons chosen to make this Enquiry were The Duke of Lancaster the Elect of Canterbury the Arch-Bishop of York the Bishops of Winchester Ely Excester and Rochester the Earls of Arundel Warwic Stafford Suffolk and Salisbury the Lords Zouch Nevil Grey of Ruthin and Fitz-Walter Monsieur Richard le Scrop Monsieur Guy de Bryan and others autres 5 Ibm. The King's Confessor not to come to Court The King's Confessor was charged to abstain from coming to and remaining at Court by the Request of the Commons and Assent of the Lords The Commons 6 Ibm n. 19 20 21 22 23. The Commons Petition the Duke of Lancaster and others assigned to appoint Officers c. Petition the Duke of Lancaster and others assigned by the King to that purpose to place the most valued Officers about the
and Defend all the Clergy in their Bayliwics their Tenements Lands Goods Rents and all their Possessions not permitting them to receive any Injury or Molestation in their Persons or otherwise though they had not his Protection Witness the King at St. Pauls London 31st of July in the 25th of his Reign It ought not to be omitted here That notwithstanding the Mortal Enmity and War between the two Kings of England and The King of France Remonstrates against the Pope's Bull prohibiting Taxes France yet King Philip the 4th Published a sharp Remonstrance against the Pope's Bull which caused this Trouble and Contention between the King and Clergy in this Nation in which he strenuously asserted the Rights of his Crown and the Liberties of the Gallican Church which were the very same with those of England The Archbishop of Rhemes with the Suffragans and Abbots of his The Clergy of France join with him Province seconded their King's Remonstrance with a Supplication to the Pope to recal his Bull lest it might break the Peace and Vnity of the Gallican Church and Kingdom as being very Injurious and Grievous to the King and Temporal Nobility and as bringing Scandals nay perhaps Ruine and Destruction to the Nation whereupon Pope Boniface the 8th sent an Explanatory Bull to The Pope explains his Bull for the ease of the King Nobility c. King Philip by which he Declared That his former Bull extended not to voluntary Grants and Aids made by the Clergy nor to Cases of Necessity when Taxes and Contributions were necessary for the Defence of the Kingdom then they might be Raised without consulting the Pope That the King and his Successors provided they were Twenty years of Age might be Judges of the Necessity if not of that Age then their Council and Lastly He Declared that by this Bull or Constitution it was not intended to take away or diminish any Rights Liberties Franchises or Customs of the King Kingdom Dukes Earls Barons or Temporal Nobility whereof they were in Possession before he Emitted that Bull. The Remonstrance Supplication and last Bull Dated at Orvieto or the Old City July 22. in the Third year of his Pontificate A. D. 1297. are to be found in Peter Pithous Proofs of the Liberties of the Gallican Church Printed 1639. Chap. Sect. or Numb 8 9 10. Fol. 1085 1088 1089. By reason of the Clergies Denial to Grant the King a Seasonable and Timely Aid to carry on his Wars he was forced upon Vnwarrantable Courses against the Laws of the Realm 2 Knighton Col. .249 N 60. The K. forced upon Unwarrantable courses to raise Money by Raising the Custom upon Wool from a Noble to Forty Shillings the Sack and ordering the Owners should sell their Wool within a Month at certain Places assigned or they should be forfeited For the Victualling his Army and Ships he took Wheat Oates Malt Salt-Fish and Flesh as Pork Beef Mutton without paying for them as well from Lay-men as the Clergy by which Oppressions the People were very much Grieved and Disturbed being hereby prepared to follow the Dictates of any Projectors against the King It cannot be thought but by this time the Archbishop and his Friends the Constable and Marshal and their Friends understood one another and carried on a joint Design The Causes of the Controversie but just now only mentioned between the King Constable and Marshal and the Reasons of their Refusing to do their Duty their withdrawing from his Presence and from Court with their Denial to return when sent to will best appear from the King's Declaration upon Record sent to all the Sheriffs in England WHereas the King 3 3 Append N. 31. The King's Declaration of the Causes of the Constable and Marshal's refusing to do their Duty and retiring from Court always desiring the Peace Quiet and good Estate of his People and Kingdom after his Voyage which he is now making c. All occasions by which the said Peace and Quiet may be Disturbed shall be wholly taken away But because at this time there may be such Reports raised amongst the People that may cause them to behave themselves otherwise toward their Sovereign Lord then they ought especially since the Earl of Hereford and Earl Marshal have lately withdrawn themselves from him or for other Matters hereupon for that he would have the Affairs of his Realm Vniform and Quiet he makes known and would that all should know the Truth of what follows Lately when a great Part of the Men of Arms of England some upon Request others by Summons of the King came to London the King willing to provide for their Discharge the settling of their Expences and that they might know what they were to do sent to the said Earls as Constable and Marshal of England to come to him for that purpose The Earl of Hereford came and Monfieur John Segrave to Excuse the Earl Marshal that by reason of Sickness he could not come and therefore had sent him in his stead Presently by their assent they were ordered to make Proclamation in the City of London That all those that were come thither either by Summons or Request should on the Morrow appear before the Constable and Marshal to know and be * * This was the proper Business of these two great Officers and without this Ordering and Enrolment the Men at Arms were not assigned the Quantity of their Service Enrolled in what manner and how many of them would serve the King in that Voyage beyond Sea They told the King they would perform the Order as they had received it in Writing But the same day toward Night the Earls sent the King a Message in Writing by Sir John Esturnis Knight in this Form For that Dear Sir You commanded the Marshal by the Constable and by order in Writing that he should cause it to be published in the City That all such as were come by your Summons or Request should be on the Morrow by One of the Clock before the Constable and Marshal at St. Pauls and that they should Enroll so many Horse of one and the other and then to inform you of it Your Constable and Marshal do pray you to Command some other of your Houshold to do it And for that Sir you know well that tho' some are come upon Request and not Summons yet if they do this they should enter upon their Office and do Service Wherefore they pray you to Command others Vpon receipt of this Message and Counsel taken thereupon the King thinking they might have done it unadvisedly sent Monfieur Geofrey de Genevill Monsieur Thomas de Berkeley Monfieur John Tregâ—z Constable of the Tower and Guardian of London Roger Brabazon and Monsieur William de Bereford to advise them Better and that they might so order things as they might not turn to the Prejudice of the King nor their own Estate and if they would not be otherwise advised then
Castle It being then doubtful what to do with him whether they should carry him to the King or put him to Death a certain 3 Ibm. Cunning Man and of great Advice answered Quidem vir astutus profundi Consilii respondit That it was to no purpose having been at such Charge and Trouble to take him to hazard the losing of him or to seek him again 4 Ibm. N. 50. adding That it were much better that he should suffer Death then a War should be raised in the Kingdom when all assenting to this Advice they took him out of Prison and carried him to an Ascent or Hill about a Mile North-East of Warwick called The Lords put Piers Gaveston to Death without Judgment Black-Low and there cut off his Head on the 5 Knighton Col. 2533. lin 5. day of Gervaise and Protasius the Martyrs or 19th of June Sir William Dugdale 6 Baronage Tom. 2. f. 44 Col. 1. from the MSS. K. 84. 96. b. in the Bodleian Library reports the Earls of Lancaster Hereford and Arundel being at this Consultation Thus Walsingham But Part of this Story is otherwise upon Record The King 7 Append. N. 56. A. D. 1312. wrote to John de Moubray Guardian of the County and City of York That Henry de Percy late by his Writing or Instrument before him in his Presence upon Forfeiture of Life and Limb Lands and Tenements and all he could forfeit undertook to preserve and keep safe from Damage Peter de Gaveston Piers Gaveston not truly dealt with upon his Surrender then Earl of Cornwall for a certain time according to certain Terms and Conditions upon which he render'd himself to the said Henry and others without the Castle of Scardeburgh and that the same Henry after the said Peter had been Killed before the Time and contrary to the Terms and Conditions aforesaid came not to him but withdrew himself by which he made himself suspected and therefore commanded him to take him without Delay and bring him to him wherever he was Witness the King at London the 31st Day of July in the 6th of his Reign The 8 Walsing F. 101. N. 50. f. 102. l. 1. c. The Lords demanded the Confirmation and Execution of the Ordinances Great Men having obtained their Purpose against Gaveston sent to the King proudly Demanding Proterve Postulantes their Ordinances to be Confirmed and put in Execution Threatning That if it was not done speedily they would come and force him to do it 9 Ibm. and forthwith they united their Forces and Quartered themselves in the Country about Dunstable he being then 1 Ibm. at London Upon this Occasion undoubtedly it was as also upon occasion of an Answer to the like Message about Five Months before as above related that the King sent 2 Append. N. 57. The K. sent to the Chief Ordainers to come to his Presence and treat about reforming the Ordinances John de Benstede one of his Justices to the Earls of Lancaster Hereford and Warwick who were at the making of those Ordinances to be with him at London or Westminster on the Sunday next after St. Bartholomew to Treat in his Presence about Correcting and Reforming the Ordinances if any thing should be found in them Injurious or Prejudicial to him and that he should enjoin them by their Faith and Homage that they should not come with Horse and Arms. Witness the King the 4th of August at Canterbury Notwithstanding this Notice and Inhibition they came not but marched about the Country with Horse and Arms Encouraging They came not but marched about the Country the People to join with them and therefore the King enjoined 3 Append. N. 58. Encouraging the People to join with them certain Commissioners reciting the most Material Part of his Precept as above to John de Benstede And seeing they had not come to him as then Ordered and Enjoined or sent any one to answer for them and understanding the said Earls with Horse and Arms and a great Multitude of Armed Men to be coming toward him to the great Terror of the People he assigned the same Comissioners to forbid the Earls and every one The K. forbids the Earls to come near him with Horse and Arms. of them by the Faith and Homage they ought him That they should not with Horse and Arms come nearer to him and if the Earls would not obey the Prohibition then to forbid all and every one coming with them to proceed further under the same Forfeiture Witness the King at Westminster the Third Day of September The Bishops with the Earl of Glocester perceiving this 4 Walsingh F. 102. N. 10. Dissention would be dangerous to the Church and Kingdom used all their Endeavours for a Peace 5 Ibm. They met at St. Albans with the Pope's Nuncios sent by him as Mediators between the King and Lords These Nuncios 6 Ibm. Walsingham's false Report of the Treaty between the K and Barons says Walsingham sent certain Clerks from St. Albans to Whethemsted three or four Miles distant where the Barons then lay with their Army with the Pope's Letters persuading them to Peace and that they would not receive them saying They were not Learned but bred up to Arms and therefore cared not to see them Then the Messengers desired to know if they would speak with the Nuncios who would willingly come to them to Propound and Discourse with them about a Project of Peace This says the Historian they utterly refused sending for Answer That there were many learned Bishops in the Kingdom whose Advice they would take and not the Advice of Strangers who knew nothing of the Cause of Dissention 7 Ibm. n. 20. The Nuncios affrighted at this Return Early in the Morning made haste to London after they had been at St. Albans above a Month and that then the Bishops and Earl of Glocester by great Industry made the Peace But this cannot be true for the Record of the Articles of Peace is in this Form Ceo est le 8 Claus 6. E. 2. M. 8. Dors Riley's Placit Parl. f. 538. A. D. 1312. The Treaty of Peace between the K. and Barons Tretiz de la Pees c. This is the Treaty of Peace upon certain Displeasures the King hath conceived against the Earls of Lancaster Hereford and Warwick and other Barons and Great Men of his Realm made and accorded before the Honorable Father Monsieur Ernald by the Grace of GOD by the Title of St. Prisca Priest-Cardinal Monsieur Arnold Bishop of Poicters sent into England by our Holy Father the Pope Monsieur * King Philips Son and Brother to Queen Isabel Lewis of France Earl of Eureux the Earls of Glocester and Richmond By the Earl of Hereford Monsieur Robert de Clifford and Monsieur John Botetorte sent to London with sufficient power to Do Treat and Agree on the Part
many heinous Crimes sworn against the Templars in the Provincial Council of London called at the Command of the Pope the same that were sworn against those in France They confessed the Report but not the Fact unless one or two Ribalds that is most wicked and profligate Men in every State to wit of Priest-Templars Knight-Templars Common Brethren and Servant-Templars Nisi unus vel duo Ribaldi in omni statu Yet at last they all confessed they could not purge themselves from the things charged on them so that every one of them were thrust into Monasteries there to do perpetual Pennance where they in all things behaved themselves well This Relation of Walsingham is taken out of Adam Murymonth 5 In 1310. 1311. who then lived and his very Words transcribed by him In the Sentence of Extinction of the Templars and Donation of their Lands and Goods to the Hospitalers all Possessors and unlawful Detainers of them of what State Condition Excellency and Dignity soever they were whether Bishops Emperors or Kings were Excommunicated unless within one Month after they should be required by the Master and Brethren of the Hospital of St. John's of Jerusalem or their Procurators they parted with and fully and freely restored them to that Order and also all that were Aiding Advising and Assisting in the Detaining of them and likewise all Chapters Collegiate and Conventual Churches Cities Castles Towns and other Places that detained them and delivered them not when required as aforesaid were put under Interdict from which Excommunication and Interdict they were not to be absolved until they had made full and due Satisfaction And besides these Punishments all Persons and Places that detained the Goods and Estates aforesaid and delivered them not that held Fees of the Roman or any other Churches were decreed ipso facto in very Deed to be deprived of them In the end of this Council says the last cited 6 Ibm. A D. Historian the Pope sent two Cardinals into England to receive the Lands Goods and Possessions of the Templars for the Use of the Hospitalers The Earls and Noblemen whose Progenitors had given them to the Templars the Order being dissolved possessed themselves of and refused to restore them so as the Nuncio's returned without doing the Business they came for The Pope's 7 Append. n. 76. Letter or Bull to the King That he should give his best Assistance in promoting of the Delivery of the Templars Goods to the Master and Brethren of the Hospital or their Procurators and further That he should expresly Command all his Earls Barons Great Men Corporations and Bodies Politick Seneschals Bailiffs and other Officers which were by him deputed to keep those Goods to deliver them when required was Dated the 26th of the same Month of of May in which he passed the Sentence of Extinction This in all probability was the Bull or Letter by which the two Cardinals as Procurators or Attorneys came to demand the delivery of the Lands of the Templars for the Hospitalers On the 25th of November 1313 by virtue of a long tedious 8 Rot. Claus 7 Ed. II. M. 12. Dors Instrument for the restitution of the Possessions Goods and Chattels to the Hospitalers which had belonged to the Templars in England in which the Pope's Proceedings against them were recited Albert of Black-Castle de Castro nigro Great Commander of the Hospital of St. John's of Jerusalem and Deputy of the Great Master and Leonard de Tibertis Prior of the Hospital of St. John's of Venice and Procurator General of the Order Their Procurators petitioned and required That whereas the Pope had given by Consent of the General Council all the Houses Churches Chapels Oratories Cities Castles Towns Lands Granges Places Possessions Jurisdictions Rents and Rights and all Goods Moveable and Immoveable with all their Rights Members and Appurtenances and annexed united incorporated and applied them to the Greatness and Extent of Papal Power de plenitudine Apostolicae potestatis to the said Hospital c. The King hearing this Supplication made Protestation for the Preservation of his Right and Rights of his Subjects notwithstanding such Restitution and Rendring and that if he made such Restitution it was for fear of the Danger which he foresaw might come upon him and his Kingdom if he did it not and which for the shortness of Time and other Causes could not be avoided And further protested That at a â—it time he and his Subjects would demand the Goods as if they never had been restored Three Days after on the 28th of November the King caused to be delivered all the Things above mentioned to the two Procurators Albert and Leonard according to the Pope's Bull directed to him and to avoid the many Dangers and Damages that might otherwise happen to him his Dominions and Subjects saving the Right of him and his Subjects according to the Effect of his Protestation The King's Letter to this purpose was directed to the Guardians 1 Ibm. of the Lands and Tenements of the Templars in London and Suburbs and the like Letters were sent 2 Ibm. to Fifty six other Guardians of their Lands and Possessions in all Counties and several particular Places in England and to Audomar Earl of Pembroke to deliver and surrender the new Temple with all its Lands Tenements and Appurtenances in London the Suburbs and Middlesex In like 3 Ibm. manner he wrote to the Bishop of Lincoln several Noblemen and all the Sheriffs of England And then after these Letters and Instrument there is entred upon Record a long impertinent 4 Ibm. Acquittance reciting the Proceedings as before in their Request against the Templars from these Procurators by which they acknowledge themselves to be well contented and paid bene contenti pacati by the King and all others in the Restitution c. Dated in London on the Nones or 5th of December A. D. 1313. The Pope by a long Bull dated on the 5th of the Kalends of November or 28th of October in the 4th of his Pontificate commanded Robert Winchelsey Arch-Bishop of Canterbury A. D. 1309 to deliver an Abstract of it to the King and to Expound it to him which was thus Directed 5 Râ—g stâ—â—m Wâ—nchelsâ—y f. 6. â— in Doctors-Commons Excellentissimo Principi Domino suo vobis Domino Edwardo Dei gratia Regi Angliae illustri Domino Hiberniae Duci Aquitaniae insinuamus Exponimus nos Robertus permissione Divina Cantuarensis Archiepiscopus totius Angliae primas ex injuncto nobis mandato Apostolico quae inferius discribuntur To the most Excellent Prince and his Lord you Edward by the Grace of God illustrious King of England Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitan we Robert by Divine permission Arch-Bishop of Canterbury and Primate of all England by the Pope's Command do insinuate and declare to you the things under-written Which were these Grievances 1. That his Officers altho they were bound
the Titles to them being Examined by the most knowing of the King's Council it was adjudged 3 Ibm. by the King and his Council he might Execute them by himself and sufficient Deputies 4 Ibm. and on the Thursday next before the Coronation which was also on a Thursday he sate de precepto Regis by the King 's Writ as Steward of England to hear the Claims of all that pretended to have Offices and perform Services on that day On the very day 5 Walsingh Hist f. 193. n. 40 50. of King Edward's Death yet before he was known to be dead there were sent some of the chief Citizens by the City of London to the Prince then at Kingston with his Mother who by John Philpot that was one of them acquainted him That his Father was undoubtedly dying and had the manifest Signs of Death upon him and beseeched his Favour to The Citizens of London desire the King's Protection and Protection of the Citizens and his City of London which was his Chamber it being unspeakably disturbed he was so far from it being ready not only to venture their Estates but also if needful to lay down their Lives for him with Request to him he would come and Reside there and further prayed him he would vouchsafe to put an end to all Discords and Differences between the Citizens and the Duke of Lancaster 6 Ib. f. 194. n. 10 20. which was performed next day by several Persons sent to London for that purpose Froysart 7 F. 196. a. col 2. says England was then to be Governed by the Duke of Lancaster by Accord of all the Land yet soon after the Coronation 8 Walsingh f. 198. n. 20 30. perceiving all things in the Kingdom were like to become new and his Care not to be valued amongst new Men and fearing if any thing should happen amiss to the King or Kingdom it might be imputed to him and that he should for the good he did receive small or no Thanks with the King 's The Duke of Lancaster with the King's Leave retired from Court Leave he retired from Court and went to his Castle of Kenelworth before his departure he promised the King if he should need his assistance to come to him with a greater appearance then any Lord in England or do any other thing that might tend to his Profit or Honour The French on the 21st of August 9 Ib. n. 40 50. The French land in the Isle of Wight landed in the Isle of Wight burnt and plundered some Towns and received a Composition of the Inhabitants to save the rest They then burnt 1 Ib. f. 199. n. 20 30. Hastings in Kent and indeavoured to burn Winchelsey but were repulsed as also at Southampton by Sir John de Arundel the Earl's Brother On the 4th of that month 2 Rot. Clause â— Ric. â—I M. 37. Dâ—rs A Parlement called Writs were issued for a Parlement to meet Fifteen days after Michaelmass The Cause of Summons was declared by the Arch-Bishop of 3 Rot. Parl. 1 2 3 4 5 6. Canterbury and rehearsed by Monsieur Richard Lescrop 4 Ib. n. 11. The Cause of of Summons which were That the Commons would advise the King how in the best manner his and the Kingdom 's Enemies might be resisted and how the Expences of such Resistance was to be born with the greatest Ease to the People and Profit and Honour to the Kingdom The Commons 5 Ib. n. 12. The Commons desire to have a Committee of Lords for their assistance pray the King That for the Arduity of their Charge that is the Declaration of Summons que pur l'arduite de lour charge and for the feebleness of their Powers and Senses la Feoblesce de lours poairs sens That it would please the King to grant them to have the Prelates and Lords under-written for their Ayd and Assistance to Commune or Treat especially with them in their Affairs for the more hasty and good Exploit of the Business wherewith they were charged 6 Ib. n. 13. that is the King of Castile and Leon Duke of Lancaster the Bishops of London Ely Rochester and Carlisle the Earls of March Arundel Warwick and Angos the Lord Nevill Monsieur Henry Lescrop Richard Lescrop and Richard de Stafford which was granted by the King in Parlement The Duke of Lancaster immediately 7 Ibm. The Duke of Lancaster makes his Excuse to the King for not being of that Committee His Relation how he had been accused of Treason and Excuse stood up and falling upon his Knees towards the King humbly prayed him to hear him a little in a weighty Cause that concerned himself and then said the Commons had chosen him for one of the Lords to Commune with them of the said Matters but desired the King would please to Excuse him for that the Commons had spoken Evilly of him and so ill that he had committed manifest Treason if their Report was true which God forbid being always careful not to do any such thing as the truth was notably known and said further None of his Ancestors of * Noâ—e Tâ—â—mas Eâ—rl of Lancaster and his Brother Henry Grandfather to his Wife Blanch in the time of Ed. II. one side or other was ever Traytor but good and Loyal and it was a marvellous thing he should stray out of the Line marveillous chose serroit sil vorroit forveier hors de lyne for that he had more to loose then any other in the Kingdom And more he said That if any Man of what Estate or Condition soever he was should be so hardy as to affirm Treason or other Disloyalty upon him or His general Challenge to defend himself by his Body other thing done by him prejudicial to the Kingdom he was ready to defend himself by his Body or otherwise by Award of the King and Lords as if he were the poorest Knight Bachelor of the Realm Whereupon 8 Ib n. 14. The Lords Excuse him the Prelates and all the Lords stood up and with one Voice Excused and prayed him to leave off such Words for they thought no Man living would say any such thing The Commons 9 Ibm. The Commons Excuse him also said it was apparent and notorious that they thought him free from all Blame and Defamation les Comunes avoient le dit Duc excusez de tout Blasme Diffame inasmuch as they had chosen him to be their principal Ayd Comforter and Counsellâ—r in this Parlement praying with one Voice to have them excused Then the Duke said the Words had been long thrown about the Kingdom falsely and he wondered how any Man could or would begin or continue such a thing for the Disgrace and Danger that might thence arise because the first Inventor of such Speeches by which Debate might be moved between the Lords He moves for a Law against the Inventors
of such Reports of the Land was a manifest and very Traytor for such Debates might turn to the Destruction of the Kingdom for ever and he prayed that a good Ordinance and a just and speedy Punishment might be provided in that Parlement for such Talkers and Inventors of Evil Reports or Dreams sur tieux parlours trouvours de mesongs to avoid such Mischiefs for the time to come but for the time past all should be forgiven as to his own Person After this 1 Ibm. n. 17 18. The Commons pray Three things of the King and Lords First That Eight continual Counsellors may be appointed for that the King at present was Innocent and of Tender Age for the amendment of several Mischiefs and the Salvation of the Realm which was then in greater Danger then ever it was before the Commons prayed the King and Lords of Parlement for Three things especially First That they would in that Parlement Appoint and Name Eight Persons of divers Estates to be the continual Counsellors of the King for the Business of the Kingdom together with the King's Officers to be such Persons as best knew and most diligently would and could take pains in the amendment of the Mischiefs and for the good Government and Salvation of the Realm and the Commons might know the Names of those Counsellors which also may be the Expenditors and Directors of what was to be given toward the Wars Secondly That they would please to 2 Ib. n. 19. Secondly Such to be appointed as were to be about the King's Person Name and Appoint in that Parlement such as should be about the King's Person People of Virtuous and honest Conversation that might Educate him accordingly and that the Charge of the King's House might be born with the Revenue of the Crown so as what was granted for the Wars might only be employed that way Thirdly That the 3 Ib. n. 20. Thirdly That the Land might be observed Common Law and other Statutes and Ordinances of the Land might be Observed Ratified and Confirmed and the People Governed by it and that it might not be defeated with Masterships and Singularities of any about the King c. saving in all things the Regalities and Dignity of the King to which the Commons would not any prejudice should be done any way by their Demands The Answer to these Demands 4 Ib. in the end of the number The general Answer was That the Prelates and Lords would Advise together commanding the Commons to return to their place commandant as communes de retournir a lour place and Treat of their other Charges given to them tretir de lours autres â—â—arges a lours douez between that time and Thursday next a quel jour ils furent commandez a retournir en parlement c. to hear the Answer to their Requests The first 5 Ibm. n. 21 22. The particular Answer to the first Request Request of the Commons was Repeated before the King and Lords and by them granted so as the Chancellor Treasurer and Keeper of the Privy Seal Justices of the one Bench and the other and all other Officers of the Realm may execute their Offices without the presence of such Councellors who by Advice of the Lords were 6 Ib. n. 23. Nine the Bishops of London Carlisle and Salisbury the Earls of March and Stafford Messires Richard de Stafford and Henry Lescrop Banerets and Messires John Deverose and Hugh Segrave Bachelors Which 7 Ib. n. 25. Nine Prelates Earls and others chosen in Council for this year esluz en conseil pur ceâ—â— An were Sworn before the King himself to do what they were chosen for in the presence of many Lords of Parlement As to the Second Request to 8 Name and Assign such as To the second Request should be about the King's Person the Lords of Parlement there answered That it seemed to them for many Causes too heavy and hard a Request trop chargeant dure Request to place any Person about the King that should not well please him or to Remove any Officer or Servant if it were not by his Express Will and for notable fault to be proved against such Officers and Servants Wherefore the Lords would not willingly meddle with these Matters peront les Seigneurs ne verroient voluntres entre mettre To the other 8 Ib. toward the end of the number part of this Request the Lords Answered They would by good Deliberation speak with the Great Officers of the King's Houshold and if by their advice it could be done saving the State and Honour of the King what they desired should be performed For the 9 Ib. in the end of the number To the Third Third at present it seemed reasonable to all the Lords it should be granted The Lords and Commons * Ib. n. 27. Two Fifteenths and Two Tenths granted perceiving the great danger of Destruction the Nation was in by reason of the great Wars as well by Sea as Land for the defence of the Kingdom and resistance of its great Enemies granted to the King Two Fifteenths without Cities and Burghs and Two Tenths within Cities and Burghs for Two years praying the King That as well the Money of the Tenths and Fifteenths as the Tenths granted by the Clergy and Money for the Subsidy of Wooll might be in the keeping of Especial Treasurers by the King 's Appointment which were William Special Treasures appointed to receive them Walworth and John Philypot Merchants of London who were to give an Accompt of their Receipts and Disbursements in manner as the King and his great Council should order In this 1 Ib. n. 41 42 43. Parlement Alice Perrers was brought into the Lords House where Sir Richard Lescrop Steward of the King's Houshold by the Command of the Prelates and Lords Recited in the presence of the said Alice an * See this Ordinance here in the 50th of Ed. III. Alice Perrers accused in Parliament Ordinance made in the Parlement holden at Westminster in the 50th of Edward the Third That no Woman especially Alice Perrers should prosecute any Business in the King's Courts by way of Maintenance upon pain of forfeiture and Banishment out of the Kingdom and the said Seneschal or Steward surmised to the said Alice and the Lords That she had incurred the pain of it and forfeited against the Ordinance in Two Points First That Sir Nicholas Dagworth was ordered by the King's Council to go into Ireland upon several great Matters profitable to the King and his Realm the said Alice after the Ordinance made perswaded the King and procured at the Court at Havering by her singular Suit That the said Nicholas should be countermanded and his Voyage staid to the great damage of the King and Realm Secondly That one Richard Lyons for certain Misprisions of which he was Convict in the said Parlement submitted himself to the King's Grace viz. his
Second Many Riots and Insurrections in the Nation there happened many Riots Insurrections and Rebellions in many places of the Kingdom The Historians tell us this Three Groat Tax and the Insolence Incivility and Rudeness of the Collectors to young Maidens was the cause of them They The Three Groat Tax the supposed cause of them might at first be the pretence and give occasion to put in execution what the Leaders and Contrivers of the intended general Insurrection of the Villanes Natives Bond-Tenents and Clowns designed in the First of this King the Demands and Practices of these Men being built upon the same foundation These Insurrections began first in Kent and Essex In Kent under They began in Kent Essex Wat Tiler Jack Straw the Leading of Wat Tiler in Essex under the Conduct of Jack Straw The 2 Wals f. â—47 n. 40 50. f 248. A. D. 1381. Bulk of the People were Villains Bond-Tenants Country Clowns such as were in Debt and knew not how to satisfie their Creditors and Criminals who feared the Severity of the Law The Kentish Rebels Rendezvoused upon Black-heath to a vast number on 3 Ibm. f. 249 250 251 252 253 c. Their Pretences Wednesday June 12. Their Pretences were Liberty changing the Evil Customs of the Nation and cutting off the Heads of all the Lawyers great and small and all that had any Offices in the Law or Relation to it any way where-ever they could find them for that the Nation could not enjoy a true Liberty until they were killed 4 Ibm. The King sent to them to know the Reason of that Commotion and the gathering together of such a Multitude They told the Messengers they met to speak with the King about certain matters and ordered them to go back and let him know he must come to them and hear what they desired Some about the King persuaded him to go forthwith The Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Simon de Sudbury then Chancellor and Sir Robert Hales Prior of St. Johns of Jerusalem then Lord Treasurer earnestly dissuaded him moving him rather to think of suppressing than going to speak with such a Rabble about Business 5 Ibm. Of which these rude People having notice they threaten to cut off their Heads And forthwith marching towards London came to Southwark where they pulled down 6 Froys c. 383. Their Practices Houses brake open the King's Prisons and let forth the Prisoners who joined with them The Bridge-Gate was shut against them but by the Assistance of their Friends in the City and by their Menaces and Threatnings of the Citizens if they had not free Passage into the City the 7 Ibm. Wals ut supra Gates were opened and they passed backwards and forwards into and out of the City as they pleased giving out they came only to search for Traytors to the Kingdom and at that time paid for what they called for which got them Reputation with the low and ordinary Citizens of whom a great many joined with them Next Day which was the Feast of Corpus Christi or 13th of June they marched through the City to the Savoy the Duke of Lancaster's House whom they called Traytor and hated above all Men This 8 Ibm. House they burnt and beat down and destroyed all the rich Furniture throwing his Gold and Jewels into the Thames as likewise all his Plate first breaking it into small pieces and made it by Proclaclamation Capital for any one to retain any thing to his own use that they might shew the People what they did was not out of Covetousness 9 Ibm. From hence they went to the Temple then an Habitation for Lawyers this they demolish and burn all their Books and Papers with the Records that were there kept 1 Ibm. From this Place they go to Clerkenwell where they destroy all the Goods in the Hospital of St. John and set fire on that Magnificent Building 2 Ibm. They now divided themselves into Three Bodies one went to Heybury a Mannour belonging to the Hospital of St. Johns near London where they were busie in destroying and plundering all the Goods belonging to it and pulling down a Noble House that stood there 3 Ibm. A second Body of them which were most of Essex and the Countries adjoining lodged themselves upon Mile-end-Green and the third about St. Katherines and Tower-hill Next Day being Friday and June 14th 4 Frâ—â—s c. 384. Wals â—t supra the King with several Noblemen went to Mile-end-Green and telling them he was their King asked those People being about 60000 what they would have They told him They desired he would make them free themselves their Heirs and Lands and that they might not be called or reputed Bond-men The King granted their Desire on condition they would return home and leave Two or Three only of every Parish or Town to stay and bring with them their 5 Append. n. 103. Charters of Freedom Sealed with the Great Seal which should contain what they demanded With this and with mighty and most quick Dispatch having received some of their Charters they were satisfied and went to their own Places and Countries At the very same time 6 Froys Wals ut supra the Kentish-men and those with them who placed themselves on the Tower-hill and about St. Katherines went into the Tower the Gates being open without Resistance though there were in it 600 Archers and 600 other Armed Men who were so terrified and astonished at the Number Noise and Practices of this vast Multitude that they never regarded who went in or who went out from whence they took out the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Lord Chancellor Sir Robert They cut off the Heads of the A. Bp. of Canterbury Sir R. Haleâ— c. Hales Lord Treasurer John Leg one of the King's Serjeants at Arms and a Franciscan Frier and upon Tower-hill cut off their Heads After this they went into the City and cut off the 7 Ibm. Heads of many English and Flemings there They drew out of the Church of the Augustin Friers 13 Flemings and out of other Churches 17 more and cut off their Heads in the Streets that being their only way of Murther with mighty Shouts and Rejoycing Next Day being the 15th of June 8 Ibm. they began to do as they had done the Day before cut off many Heads pull down and burn Houses The King then sent to them to let them know their Companions at Mile-end-Green upon their receiving Charters of Freedom were separated and gone home to live quietly with offer to them of Charters according to the same Form if they would accept them 9 Ibm. Wat Tiler their Great Leader replied He would embrace Peace if he liked the Conditions Thinking this way to have delayed the King and Council so as that Night he might have put his Design in execution which was to kill the King and
giving Aid to support these great Charges When the Duke of Lancaster 2 Wals f. 309. n. 20 30 40. Commissioners to be sent to the Parlement of Scotland from England and the same from Scotland to English Parlements The Scots kâ—pt not this Agreement was sent to Renew the Truce with Scotland it was agreed That for the Ease of both Nations and to save Charges there should be sent Commissioners of both Nations to every Parlement of either Nation who should represent the Injuries done to each other upon the Borders and receive Satisfaction according to the Judgment of the Lords The Scots sent not to this Parlement but did much Injury upon the Borders and received a Force from France to join with them against the English But hearing there were Preparations making against them toward or just after the end of the Parlement they sent their Commissioners who were rejected and sent home without Treaty The Chancellor 3 Rot. Parl. 7 Ric. II. n. 11. The Chancellor quickens the Lords to dispatch the King's Business c. Laying aside other Debates spake to the Lords a second time and told them The King commanded them to have due Consideration of the necessary Matters that had been declared to them and of the apparent importable Mischief and of the great Necessity he had for Money to prevent them And that they would Treat by themselves diligently upon these things with as much speed as might be laying aside the Debate of any other Matter in the mean time and to report their Advice from time to time to him And said further the King commanded them to treat from Day to Day and dispatch what they came for and not to depart from Parlement without his special Licence under the Peril that might happen And then 4 Ibm. n. 12 13. The Lords and Commons grant 2 half 15ths the Lords and Commons considering the outrageous Charge the King was to be at by reason of the War on every side then open granted two half Fifteenths upon Condition the Clergy would contribute and grant as became them In this Parlement 5 Ibm. n. 18. The Bishop of Norwich accused by the Chancellor His Crime and Punishment the Bishop of Norwich was accused by the Chancellor in several Articles for his Miscarriages in his late Expedition One was That he had promised to serve the King with such a Number of Men for a whole Year and served but half a Year and then returned with his Army ruined c. Of which Article he could not clear himself 6 Ibm. n 23. and therefore was adjudged to make Fine and Ransom at the King's Pleasure and the Temporalities of his Bishoprick to be seized for that Purpose Sir William Ellingham Sir Thomas Trivet Sir Henry de Ferrers 4 Knights accused for selling Fortresses and Sir William de Harnedon were accused in Parlement before the Lords 7 Ibm. n. 24. for receiving Money for the Delivery of several Fortresses the Sums in the whole amounting to 20000 Franks in Gold They all made pitiful Excuses and craved the King's Mercy 8 Ibm. n. 25. The Judgment against them Judgment was pronounced by the Chancellor That they should refund what they had received to the King and remain in Prison until they had made Fine and Ransom to him Before 9 Wals f. 308. n 10. A Truce with the French for half a year Christmas the Duke of Lancaster went into France to Treat of Peace between the Two Kingdoms but brought back with him a Truce only until Midsummer next following when he was to return again upon the same Errand In the beginning of February 1 Ibm. n 20 30. Sedition moved in the City of London A Shoemaker the great Promoter of it How it was stayed John Northampton alias Comberton who had been Major the Year before moved Sedition in the City of London and went up and down the Streets often with great Numbers of People following him and when the present Major Sir Nicholas Brembre prepared to oppose him a Shoemaker one of his Favourers moved the Rabble to stand by him who by the Advice of Sir Robert Knolles was taken out of his House and had his Head cut off Which Act stayed the Insurrection and Commotion of People at that time who as it was then said had conspired to Murther the Major and many other worthy Men of the City This Shoemaker's Name was John Constantyn who was the Cause of great Disturbances Commotions and Insurrections in the City who was not drawn out of his House and presently beheaded by the Advice of Sir Robert Knolles tho' very probably he might be the Person that did seize or ordered him to be seized 2 Pat. 7 Ric. Ii M. 16. p. 2. but was taken on the 11th of February at the Head of the Rabble and carried presently to the Guild-Hall and arraigned as one of the first Movers of Sedition by Witnesses sworn and examined and his own Confession was adjudged to Death and had his Head cut off which Judgment was presently Recorded and was afterward confirmed by the King 3 Claus 7 Ric. II. M. 9. on the 9th of February preceeding John Northampton was sent to Corfe-Castle there to be kept Prisoner until the King by Advice of his Council should otherwise dispose of him In Lent the Duke of Lancaster 4 Wals f. 308. n. 40 50. f. 309. The Duke of Lancaster marched with a great Force into Scotland and his Brother the Earl of Buckingham went with a very great Force towards Scotland of Knights Esquires and Archers but staid so long upon the Borders as all the Victuals were consumed whereby the Inhabitants received more Injury than by the Invasion of the Scots Toward Easter he entred Scotland where by his Delays the Scots had time enough to secure their Goods and Persons and finding nothing but Hunger and Cold returned with a hard Report having lost Returns with a hard Report many Men and Horses After their Departure the Scots invaded the North Parts plundered the Country and burnt Towns as the English had done in Scotland This Year 5 Rot. Claus 7 Ric. II. M. 10. Dors A. D. 1385. A Parlement at Salisbury The Duke of Lancaster accused of Treason by a Frier The Frier murthered before he came to make good his Information there was another Parlement holden at Salisbury on the Friday after St. Mark or 25th of April In this Parlement says Walsingham Fol. 309. n. 20 30 40 50. a Carmelite Frier accused the Duke of Lancaster that he designed to kill the King and usurp the Kingdom The Duke desired he might be secured until he made good the Accusation against him and was so But the Night before the Day on which he was to do it he was most barbarously murthered Tho' he says he was accused in Parlement yet as he relates the Story it was before the Council and must be so
this myn oth but as the words stonde And if it be so that I come agayn or do agayn this oth or any party thereof I yhelde me here cowpable as an Heretyk and to forfeit all my goods to the Kings will without any other process of Law and thereto I require the Notary to make of all this which is my will an instrument agayns me Et ex habundanti idem VVillielmus Dynett eodem die voluit recognovit quod omnia bona catalla sua mobilia nobis sunt forisfacta in casu quo ipse juramentum predictum seu aliqua in eodem juramento contenta de caetero contravenerat ullo modo And moreover the same VVilliam Dynett the same day granted and acknowledged that all his Goods and Chattels were forfeit to us in case he any ways contraven'd the said Oath or did any thing against what was contemned in it Taxes in this KING's Reign THE Lords and Commons perceiving the great danger of Rot. Parl. 1 Rich II. n. 27. Destruction the Nation was in by reason of the great Wars as well by Sea as Land for the defence of the Kingdom and resistance of its great Enemies they granted to the King Two Fifteenth without Cities and Burghs and Two Tenths within Cities and Burghs for Two years Praying the King that as well the Money of the Tenths and Fifteenths as the Tenths granted by the Clergy and Money for the Subsidy of Wooll might be in the keeping of Especial Treasurers by the King's appointment which were William Walworth and John Philypott Merchants of London who were to give an Account of their Receipts and Disbursements in manner as the King and his great Council should order In this Parlement the Commons for the arduity of their Charge Ib. n. 11 12. and feebleness of their Powers and Knowledge prayed the King to have John King of Castile and Leon Duke of Lancaster and Four Bishops Four Earls and Four Barons there named by them for their Ayd and to confer with them about the hasty and good exploit or dispatch of the things wherewith they were charged In the Second of Richard the Second in Quindena paschae part Rot. Parl. 2 Ric II. n. 13. in quindena Paschae 2. n. 13. upon Condition the Marc a Sack added upon Wooll and Sixpence the Pound upon Merchandise given in the last Parlement at Glocester might be remitted the Lords and Commons granted the Subsidy of Wooll as it was before that Parlement for One year from Michaelmas next coming and likewise a Sum upon divers Persons of the Kingdom for which see the Appendix n. 102. The Prelates Lords and Commons perceiving the great Perils Rot. Parl. 2 Ric. II. Die Mercurii prox post Festum Sancti Lucae p. 2. n. 29. with which the Land was environ'd and the great and outrageous Expences the King was to be at for the salvation and defence thereof granted to him the Subsidy of Wooll Leather and Woollfells for Three years of Wooll 43 s. 4 d. the Sack of Woollfells as much for every Two hundred and forty accounting Sixscore to the Hundred and for Leather 4 l. 6 s. 6 d. every Last which were exported by Denizens and Strangers and as an additional Grant they gave more 13 s. 4 d. for every Sack of Wooll as much for every Two hundred and forty Woollfells and for every Last of Leather 26 s. 8 d. Also they gave Sixpence in the Pound for every Pound value Ibm. n. 30. of Merchandise as well of Denizens as Strangers imported or exported for One year The Lords and Commons upon the same Reasons and Suggestions Rot. Parl. 3 Ric. II. n. 16. Die lunae prox post festum sancti Hillar Ibm. n. 17. as in the last Parlement granted the King One Fifteenth and half without Cities and Burghs and One Tenth and half within And seeing the King could not Maintain the Charge of the War without them they granted the Subsidy of Wooll Woollfells and Leather for One year after the Term the last granted should expire The Lords and Commons gave Three Groats of every Lay Person Rot. Parl. 4 Ric II. Die Lunae prox post Festum omnium Sanctorum of the Nation Males and Females except very Beggars and so as the richer or more sufficient in every Town should help the poorer so as no one paid above Forty Groats In the Fifth year the Parlement began on the Morrow of All-Souls Rot. Parl. â— Ric. II. n. 4â— and 67. or 3d of November in which the Lords and Commons granted the Subsidy of Wooll Woollfells and Leather as it was last granted until Candlemas next On the 25th of February it being then expired they grant the same Subsidy as it was last received to Midsummer next following and from that time for Four years In the Sixth of Richard the Second in the First Parlement that Rot. Parl. 6 Ric. II. n. 15. year the Lords and Commons perceiving the danger the Nation was in granted a Fifteenth and a Tenth In the Seventh of Richard the Second in the First Parlement Ib. 7 Ric. II. n. 13. that year the Commons with the assent of the Lords gave Two half Fifteenths In the Second Parlement this year holden at Salisbury the Lords Ib. 7 Ric. II. n. 10. and Commons considering the great Charge the King had been and was to be at for Maintaining his Estate his many Wars and Defence of the Kingdom granted Half a Fifteenth and Half a Tenth In the Eighth of Richard the Second the Lords and Commons Ibm. n. 10. grant Two Fifteenths upon Conditions there mentioned In the Ninth of Richard the Second the Lords Great Men Ibm. n. 10. and Communities of Counties Cities and Burghs granted to the King for the Voyage of the Duke of Lancaster into Spain keeping of the Sea and Marches of Scotland a Tenth and Fifteenth and Half a Tenth and Fifteenth And then the Prelates and Noblemen and Great Men Proceres Ibm. n. 11. Magnates and the Communities aforesaid granted to the King the Subsidy of Wooll Woollfells above the ancient Custom of 6 s. 8 d. a Sack 42 s. 4 d. of Denizens and 46 s. 8 d. of Strangers and of Leather and Pelts or Woollfells pellibus lanutis in like manner according to the Rate In the Tenth of Richard the Second the Lords and Commons Ibm. n. 18. grant to the King Half a Tenth and Half a Fifteenth also Three Shillings per Tun upon Wine and Twelvepence in the Pound upon other Merchandise coming in and going out upon Condition the the Commission made to Fourteen continual Counsellors might no ways be repealed and that they might execute the Power granted by that Commission without disturbance In the Eleventh of Richard the Second the Parlement began Ibm. n. 11. on the Morrow of the Purification or 3d of February the Lords and Commons then granted Half a Tenth and Half a