be liueth and giueth life vnto Man Our onely God which inspireth euery one of vs his Children with his holy Word through our Lord Iesus Christ the Spirit of Life now in this latter times establish vs to hold the right Scepter and suffer vs of our selues to reigne for the good of the Land and the happinesse of the People together with our Enemies and to the doing of good We the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Boris Pheodorowich of all Russia sole Commander of Volodemer Mosco Nouogrod Emperour of Cazan King of Astracan Lord of Vobsko and great Duke of Smolensko of Twersko Vhorskoy Permskoy Vatskoy Bolharskay and of others Lord and great Duke of Nouagrod in the low Country of Chernego Rezan Polotskay Rostouskoy Yeraslauskoy Belozerskoy Leeflanskoy Owdorskoy Obdorskoy Condinskoy and all Siberia and the North parts Lord and Commander of Euerskoy Land and Cabardinskoy Country and of Cherces and Igarskoy Land as also of many others Lord and Commander with our Sonne Prince Phedar Borisowich of all Russia We haue bestowed on the Merchants of England viz. Sir Iohn Hart Knight Sir William Webb Knight Richard Saltanitall Alderman Nicolas Moshley Alderman Robert Doue William Garaway Iohn Harbey Robert Chamberlin Henrie Anderson Iohn Audwart Francis Cherie Iohn Merick Anthony Marlar Wee haue granted and licenced them to come with their ships into our Dominion the Country of Dwina with all manner of Commodities to trade freely from the Sea side and within our Dominions to the Citie of our Empire of Mosco Also there made sute vnto vs Sir Iohn Hart Knight and his Companie to gratifie them to trade to our Citie of Mosco and to our Heritage of great Nouogrod and Vobsko and to all parts of our Empire with their Commodities and to Trade freely without custome vpon which Wee the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Boris Pheodorowich of all Russia with our Sonne Prince Pheodor Borisowich of all Russia haue granted vnto the English Merchants Sir Iohn Hart Knight and his fellowes for our Sisters sake Queene Elizabeth free passage to come into our Kingdome of Mosco and into all the rest of our Dominions with all manner of Commodities to trade and traffick freely at their pleasure Also we haue commanded not to take any kinde of Custome for their goods nor any other Customes whatsoeuer viz. for passing by any place by Land nor for passing by any place by Water nor for Custome of their Boats or Head money nor for passing ouer Bridges and Ferries nor for any entrie of Wares as also all manner of other Customes or Duties whatsoeuer wee command shall not bee taken of them But they shall not bring other mens goods into our Dominions nor likewise recarry out of our Kingdome any other mens goods as their owne nor to sell or barter for other men Neither shall our Subiects buy and sell for them or from them neither shall they keepe any of our peoples goods or pawnes by them to owne or colour them Likewise they shall not send any of our Subiects to any Towne or Citie to buy Commodities But what Citie they come into themselues they shall sell their owne Commodities and buy our Commodities And when they shall come to our Heritage to great Vobsko and Nouagrod or to any other Citie within our Dominions with their Commodities that then our Gentlemen and Gouernours and all other officers shall suffer and let them passe according to this our Letter and to take no manner of Custome of them whatsoeuer for any of their Commodities for passing by nor for passage ouer any Bridges neither shall they take any other Custom whatsoeuer in all our Dominions And wheresoeuer they happen to come and doe proceed to buy and sell as also wheresoeuer they shall passe through with goods not buying of any Commoditie nor selling their owne then in those Cities they shall take of them no manner of Custome whatsoeuer as aforesaid and wee haue gratified and giuen them leaue to trade in all parts of our Dominions with their goods freely without Custome And likewise whensoeuer the English Merchants shall bee desirous to buy or sell or barter their wares with our Merchants wares for wares then shall they sell their wares whole sale and not by retaile Cloth by the pack and by Clothes and by remnants and Damasks and Veluets by the Piece and not by the Yard or asheene and such Commodities as is to be sold by waight not to sell them by the small waights that is to say by the Zolotnick Also they shall sell Wines by the Pipe and the Hogshead but by the Gallon Quart or Pot or Charke they shall not sell moreouer they shall buy sell and exchange their owne Commodities themselues and the Russe Merchants shall not sell or exchange for them or from them their Commodities neither shall they carry any mans goods to no manner of place vnder colour of their owne and which of the English Merchants would at any time sell his Commodities at Colmogro on the Dwina or at Vologda and at Yeraslauly they may and of all their Commodities throughout all our Cities and Dominion our Gentlemen Gouernours and all other Officers shall take no manner of Custome according to this our Imperiall Letter of fauour Also through all our Dominions Cities and Townes they shall hire Carriers Boats and men to labour or rowe in the said Boats at their owne cost Likewise when as the English Merchants shall desire to goe out of our Dominion into any other Kingdome or into their owne Land and that we thinke it good for them to take with them from our Treasure any Commodities to sell or exchange them for vs for such Commodities as shall be sitting to our Kingdome and to deliuer them to our Treasurer and with those their and our goods our Gentlemen and Gouernours shall suffer them to passe through all Cities and Townes within our Dominions without Custome as before And when they haue ended their Market and doe desire to goe from the Mosko then they shall appeare in the Chancerie to the Keeper of our Seale the Secretarie Vassily Yacolowich Schellcalou Likewise if there happen to the English Merchants any extremitie by Sea or that a ship be broken and that it be neere any place of our Kingdome then we command that all those goods shall bee brought out iustly and bee giuen to the English people that shall at that time bee in our Land or if they be not here then to lay them vp all together in one place and when the Englishmen come into our Land then to deliuer those goods to them Also wee haue bestowed on the English Merchants the House of Yourya in the Mosko by a Church of Saint Maxims neere the Marget to dwell in it as in former time keeping one House-keeper a Russe or one of their owne strangers but other Russe folkes they shall not keepe any Likewise these Merchants haue Houses in diuers our Cities as followeth A House
PVRCHAS HIS PILGRIMES IN FIVE BOOKES The first Containing Peregrinations and Discoueries in the remotest North and East parts of ASIA called TARTARIA and CHINA The second Peregrinations Voyages Discoueries of CHINA TARTARIA RVSSIA and other the North and East parts of the World by English-men and others The third Voyages and Discoueries of the North parts of the World by Land and Sea in ASIA EVROPE the Polare Regions and in the North-west of AMERICA The fourth English Northerne Nauigations and Discoueries Relations of Greenland Greenland the North-west passage and other Arctike Regions with later RVSSIAN OCCVRRENTS The fifth Voyages and Trauels to and in the New World called AMERICA Relations of their Pagan Antiquities and of the Regions and Plantations in the North and South parts thereof and of the Seas and Ilands adiacent The Third Part. Vnus Deus Vna Veritas LONDON Printed by William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Rose 1625. TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE AND RIGHT REVEREND FATHER IN GOD IOHN Lord Bishop of LINCOLNE Lord Keeper of the GREAT SEALE OF ENGLAND c. Right Reuerend and Honourable THese PILGRIMS deliuering a Historie of the World in their owne Trauels by Sea and Land not onely needed authoritie from the Admiraltie but fearing suspition of Riot without warrantable assemblie become humble Sutors for your Lordships fauour So shall they in the approbation of both to apply by a warrant of Ego dixi dij estis the Patriarchs mysticall Dreame to our Historicall purpose finde a Scala Coeli to ascend from the ground where they are prostrate Petitioners to the Princes Highnesse whence authorised they may againe descend and become the Commons of Common Readers Order requires a Medium betwixt Princely Height and his Lowlinesse whose function is also tearmed Holy Orders as further tying him to that equall inequalitie wherein hee beseecheth your Lordship as by speciall Office and in Proprietie to owne that which hee hath presumed to offer to the Prince in Capite Quemadmodum sub optimo rege omnia Rex imperio possidet Domini dominio Ad reges protestas pertinet ad singulos proprietas Many are the reasons which moued the Author to obtrude his PILGRIMS on your Lordship because he is deeply obliged Yours former fauours euen then when you were initiated in the Mysteries of Honour learning by seruice to Command in the Discipline of that Honorable Worthy Lord Chancellor EGERTON because some conceptions of this Worke were in your Honourable Iurisdiction of Westminster whither lest some traduce Trauellers for Vagrants they returne in hope of Sanctuarie not so much trusting to the ancient Liberties as to your Lordships liberall respect to literate endeauours because these Trauellers aduenturing the world seeke like Iacob at his going and returne a Reuerend Fathers Blessing and Confirmation The Author likewise being called on for his promised Europe submits himselfe to your Lordships Order heere tendring of that debt what hee is able in readie payment The worke it selfe also being a Librarie in this kind presents it selfe to your Honour the Founder of two famous Libraries one in Westminster where the Stones renued Fabrikes speake your Magnificence the other in that famous Nurserie of Arts and Vertue Saint IOHNS Colledge in Cambridge which sometime knew you a hopefull Sonne but now acknowledgeth your Lordship a happie Father where also the Author first conceiued with this Trauelling Genius whereof without trauelling he hath trauelled euer since Learning the Aduancer of your Honour hath secured her welwillers not to bee reiected in whatsoeuer indeauours Scribimus indocti doctique to aduance Learning The greatnesse of Nature to goodnesse of Nature varietie of Estates to a prime Pillar of State the Historie of Religions to a Religious Prelate of Antiquities to an Antiquarie cannot bee altogether vnwelcome that I mention not the dependance of London Ministers Liuings fined by the Times iniquitie on your Lordships equall Sentence These Causes haue moued One hath inforced these PILGRIMES are your Seruants fitly so called à Seruando saued by your Lordships hand when they were giuing vp the ghost despairing through a fatall stroke of euer seeing light Most humbly therefore sue vnto your Honour these PILGRIMES for acknowledgement esteeming your Lordships Name in fore-front a cognisance of blest Libertie and best Seruice Now when Ianus sends many with gratefull emulations to present their acclamations of a New Yeere presenting a wordie rather then worthy Present a World yea a New world in great part one Age younger to mens knowledge then America sometimes stiled by that Name I had written others Causes of my addresse to your Honour but dare not proceed to interrupt Others more weightie In all humble earnestnesse beseecheth now in this Festiuall time the Author with his PILGRIMES to finde Hospitall entertainment not at your Honours table where Great affaires of Church and State are feasted except some recreation some times permit but with Schollers and Gentlemen in the Hall which will welcome such Guests as your Lordship shall Countenance So shall you encourage euer to pray for the increase of your Lordships happinesse in the Happie Seruice of his MAIESTIE Your Lordships most bounden SAMVEL PVRCHAS THE CONTENTS OF THE CHAPTERS AND PARAGRAPHS IN THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE SECOND PART OF PVRCHAS HIS PILGRIMS CHAP. I. THe Iournall of Friar William de Rubruquis a French-man of the Order of the Minorite Friars vnto the East parts of the World Anno Dom. 1253. H. pag. 1. CHAP. II. Tartarian and Northerne Relations written in Latin by the famous Friar Roger Bacon H. p. 52 Relations of Vincentius Beluacensis the most of which he receiued from Friar Simon de Sancto Quintino one of the foure Friars sent by Pope Innocent the fourth to the Tartars seruing to the illustration of the former pag. 58. CHAP. III. Relations touching the Tartars taken out of the Historie of R. Wendouer and Mat. Paris with certaine Epistles of the same subiect pag. 60. CHAP. IIII. The first booke of Marcus Paulus Venetus or of Master Marco Polo a Gentleman of Venice his Voyages pag. 65. § 1. The voyages of Master Nicolo and M. Maffio from Constantinople to the Great Can and their comming home to Venice their second voyage with the Authour and returne ibid. § 2. Obseruations of M. Polo of Armenia Turkie Zorzania Baldach Persia Chirmain Cobniam Ormus Knaue-fooles paradise and other Easterne parts in Asia and Armenia the lesse pag. 69. § 3. Of Sapurgan Balac Thaican Scassem Balaxiam Bascia Chesmur Vochan Samarchan Carchan Peym the dreadfull Desart of Lop and Tanguth pag. 73. § 4. Of Carchoran the originall proceedings and exploits of the Tartars of Priest Iohn and his discendants Customes of the Tartars Of Bargu Erginul Xandu the Cans Citie and Palace of Muske of strange Sorcerers and anstere Monkes pag. 77. § 5. Of Cublai Can his Raigne and Acts Magnificent feasts and
very artificially wrought Among these some are so great that they contayne ten paces in length fastned to the earth as if they lay vpright neere vnto the which little Idols are placed which seeme to giue reuerence to the greater and both are much reuerenced The Religious men seeme to liue more honestly then other Idolaters abstayning from certaine things as Lecherie and other things although Lecherie seemes no grieuous sinne for they say if a woman seekes for loue to a man he may vse her without sinne but not if he seekes first to her They reckon the whole circuit of the yeere by Moones In these Moones they obserue fiue or foure or three dayes wherein they kill no Beast or Bird nor eat Flesh as is the vse with vs on Friday Saturday and Vigils The Lay-men marrie twentie or thirtie wiues as they are able to maintayne yet the first is accounted the more worthie and more legitimate The husband receiueth no dowrie from the wife but hee himselfe assigneth conuenient dowrie in Cattell seruants or money according to his abilitie If the wife become hatefull to the husband it is lawfull for him to diuorce her from him as he pleaseth They take for wiues their Kins-women or Mothers in law Marco together with his Father and Vncle remayned a yeeres space in this Citie for the dispatch of certaine affaires From the Citie Campion you goe twelue dayes iourney to the Citie Ezina bordering vpon a sandy Desart towards the North contayned in the Prouince of Tanguth Many Camels are there and many other beasts and Hawkes of diuers kinds The Inhabitants are Idolaters liuing of the fruits of the Earth forbearing merchandise §. IIII. Of Carchoran the Originall proceedings and exploits of the Tartars of Priest IOHN and his discendants Customes of the Tartars Of Bargu Erginul Xandu the Cans Citie and Palace of Muske of strange Sorcerers and austere Monkes ALl the Prouinces and Cities aforesaid Sachion Chemul Chinchitalas Succuir Campion and Ezina pertayne to Tanguth Hauing passed ouer the foresaid Desart you come vnto the Citie Carchoram which is in circuit three miles strongly rampierd with earth for they want stone Neere it is a great Castle and in it the Gouernors faire Palace This was the first place neere which in old times the Tartars assembled themselues And now we will declare how they began to raigne They dwelt in the North parts to wit in Ciorza and Bargu where are many and great Playnes without Cities and Townes but goodly Pastures Riuers and waters They had not a Prince of their Nation but payed tribute to a certayne great King named as I haue heard in their language Vmcan which in some mens opinion in our tongue signifieth Presbyter or Priest Iohn To him the Tartars gaue yeerely the tenths of all their beasts In processe of time the Tartars so encreased in multitudes that Vmcan was afraid of them and thought to disperse them into seuerall parts of the world And therefore when any rebelled he sent three or foure of an hundred of the Tartars into those parts so diminishing their power and the like he did in his other occasions deputing some of their principals to that purpose They seeing their ruine intended and loth to be separated one from another went from the places where they dwelt to the Desart towards the North where by remotenesse they might be safe and denyed to Vmcan their wonted Tribute It hapned that about An. 1162. the Tartars hauing continued some time in those parts chose a King among themselues a wise and valiant man named Cingis Can. He began to reigne with such iustice that he was beloued and feared of all as a God rather then a Prince insomuch that his fame brought all the Tartars in all parts to his subiection And hee seeing himselfe Lord of so valiant men would needs leaue those Desarts and commanding them to prouide Bowes and other weapons began to subdue Cities and Prouinces in which Conquests hee placed such iust Gouernours that the people were not offended The chiefe of them hee carried alongst with him with great prouisions and gifts Seeing therefore that he was aduanced to so great glorie and power he sent Embassadors politikly to Vmcan to intreate that he would bestow his daughter vpon him to be his wife Which he taking in very euill part answered with indignation and reiecting the Embassadors of Cingis said doth my seruant demand my daughter Get ye out of my sight and tell your Master if he euer make such demand againe I will make him die a miserable death But King Cingis leuying a great Armie went forth with an hostile minde and incamped in a certaine great Plaine named Tanduc sending vnto the King and signifying vnto him that he should defend himselfe But he comming with a mightie Armie descended to the Playnes and pitched his Tents within ten miles of the Campe of the Tartars Then Cingis commanded his Astrologers to shew him what euent and successe the battell should haue They cutting a Reed lengthwise in two parts set the pieces themselues into the ground and wrote vpon the one Cingis and on the other Vmcan and said vnto the King In the meane space while we reade the Coniurations it shall come to passe by the Idols power that these two parts of the Reed shall fight together And whose part shall ascend vpon the other that King shall obtayne victorie in the battell The multitude therefore running together to behold that spectacle the Astrologers beganne to mumble their prayers and reade their inchantments when presently the parts of the Reed being moued fought together vntill at length the part of Cingis ascended vpon the part of Vmcan Which being seene the Tartars assured of the future victorie were encouraged to the battell and Vmcan being slayne the Victorie and Kingdome and Vmcans daughter remayned to Cingis Cingis raigned sixe yeeres aâ—ter this in the which hee got many Prouinces and lastly when he endeuoured to winne a certaine Castle called Thaigin and came somewhat neere being shot in the knee with an Arrow he died and was buried in the Mountaine Altai The first King of the Tartars was called Cingis the second Cyn Can the third Bathyn Can the fourth Esu Can the fifth Mangu Can the sixth Cublai Can whose power is greater then all his Predecessors hauing inherited theirs and adding by Conquest in manner the rest of the World For he liued neere sixtie yeeres in his Gouernment The name Can signifieth Emperor All the great Cans and Princes of that bloud of Cingis are carried to the Mountaine of Altai to be buried wheresoeuer they die although one hundred dayes iourney from it And they which carrie the Corpse to the buriall kill all those that they meet in the way saying goe and serue our Lord the King in another life They kill also the better Horses When the bodie of great Cham Mongu the Predecessor of Cham Cublai was brought vnto
so often mentioned and praysed I smell a Friars Lyars hand in this businesse Our Mandevile trauelled from Ierusalem beyond Ierico from Christendome to remotest Ethnikes and hath fallen among Theeues The Friarly Priest and Leuite not onely neglected him but I am afraid played the Theeues thus to rob and wound him mayming the two former parts and iuggling in the third which I haue therefore chopped off not daring in the former but with the Nilus Dogge to taste and away for feare of a false Crocodile Here you may finde lyes by retaile efficta afficta affixa to this Mandevile who there is made a maunde vile full of such pedlerie vnworthy thy sight CHAP. VI. Briefe Collections of the Trauels and Obseruations of Sir IOHN MANDEVILE written by Master BALE Cent. 6. IOhn Mandevile Knight borne in the Towne of Saint Albons was so well giuen to the studie of Learning from his childhood that he seemed to plant a good part of his felicitie in the same for he supposed that the honour of his birth would nothing auaile him except hee could render the same more honorable by his knowledge in good Letters Hauing therefore well grounded himselfe in Religion by reading the Scriptures he applyed his studies to the Art of Physick a Profession worthy a noble wit but amongst other things hee was rauished with a mightie desire to see the greater parts of the World as Asia and Africa Hauing therefore prouided all things necessarie for his iourney hee departed from his Countrey in the yeere of Christ 1332. and as another Vlysses returned home after the space of foure and thirtie yeeres and was then knowne to a very few In the time of his trauaile he was in Scythia the greater and lesse Armenia Egypt both Lybias Arabia Syria Media Mesopotamia Persia Chaldaea Greece Illyrium Tartarie and diuers other Kingdomes of the World and hauing gotten by this meanes the knowledge of the Languages leâ—â— so many and great varieties and things miraculous whereof himselfe had beene an eye witâ—esse should perish in obliuion hee committed his whole Trauell of three and thirtie yeeres to writing in three diuers Tongues English French and Latine Being arriued againe in England and hauing seene the wickednesse of that Age hee gaue out this speech In our time said hee it may bee spoken more truly then of old that Vertue is gone the Church is vnder foot the Clergie is in error the Deuill raigneth and Simonie beareth the sway c. Hee dyed at Leege in the yeere 1372. the 17. day of Nouember being there buried in the Abbey of the Order of the Guilielmites The Tombe and Epitaph of Sir Iohn Mandevile in the Citie of Leege spoken of by Ortelius in his Booke called Itinerarium Belgiae in this sort MAgna populosa Leodij suburbia ad collium radices in quorum iugis multa sunt pulcherrima Monasteria inter quae magnificum illud ac nobile D. Laurentio dicatum ab Raginardo Episcopo Est in hac quoque Regione vel suburbijs Leodij Guilielmitarum Coenobium in quo Epitaphium hoc Ioannis à Mandeville excepimus Hic jacet vir nobilis D. Ioannes de Mandeville aliter dictus ad Barbam Miles Dominus de Campdi natus de Anglia Medicinae Professor deuotissimus orator bonorum largissimus pauperibus erogator qui toto quasi orbe lustrato Leodij diem vitae suae clausit extremum Anno Dom. 1371. Mensis Nouembris die 17. Haec in lapide in quo caelata viri armati imago Leonem calcantis barba bifurcata ad caput manus benedicens vernacula haec verba Voâ— qui paseis sor mi pour l'amour deix prâ—ïes por mi. Clipeus erat vacuus in quo olim fuisse dicebant laminam aeream eius in ea itidem caelata insignia Leonem videlicet argenteum cui ad pectus lunula rubea in campo caeruleo quem Lâ—mbus ambiret denticulatus ex auro Eius nobis ostendebant cultros ephipiaque calcaria quibus vsum fuisse asserebant in peragrando toto fere terrarum orbe vt clariùs testatur eius Itinerarium quod typis etiam excusum passim habetur PRincipi Excellentissimo prae cunctis mortalibus praecipue venerando Domino Edwardo ejus nominis Tertio diuina prouidentia Francorum Anglorum Regi Serenissimo Hiberniae Domino Aquitaniae Duci mari ac eius Insulis Occidentalibus dominanti Christianorum encomio ornatui vniuersâ—rumque arma gerentium Tutori ac Probitatis strenuitatis exemplo Principi quoq inuicto mirabilis Alexandri Sequaci ac vniuerso Orbi tremendo cum reuerentia non qua decet cum ad talem tantam reuerentiam minus sufficientes extiterint sed qua paruitas possibilitas mittentis ac offerentis se extendunt contenta tradantur CVm terra Hierosolymitana terra promissionis filiorum Dei dignior cunctis mundi terris sit habendâ— multis ex causis praecipuè illa quod Deus conditor coeli mundi ipsam tanti dignatus fuit aestimare vt in eo proprium filium Saluatorem mundi Christum exhibuerit geueri humano per incarnationem ex intemerata Virgine per eius conuersationem humillimam in eadem ac per dolorosam mortis suae consummationem ibidem atque indè per eius admirandam Resurrectionem ac Ascensionem in coelum postremo quia creditur illic in fine saeculi reuersurus omnia iudicaturus certum est quòd ab omnibus qui Christiano nomine à Christo dicuntur sit tanquam à suis proprijs haeredibus diligenda pro cuiusque potestate ac modulo honoranda Verum quia iam nostris temporibus verius quà m olim dici potest Virtus Ecclesia Clerus Daemon Simonia Cessat calcatur errat regnat dominatur ecce iusto Dei iudicio credita est terra tam inclyta Sacrosancta impiorum manibus Saracenorum quod non est absque dolore pijs mentibus audiendum recolendum Ego Ioannes Mandeuil militaris ordinis saltem gerens nomen natus educatus in terra Angliae in Villa Sancti Albani ducebar in Adolescentiamea tali inspiratione vt quamuis non per potentiam nec per vires proprias possem praefatam terram suis haeredibus recuperare irem tamen per aliquod temporis spacium peregrinari ibidem salutarem aliquantulum de propinquo Vnde in Anno ab Incarnatione Domini 1322. imposui me nauigations Marsiliensis marâ—s vsque in hoc temporis Anni 1355. scilicet per 33. annos in transmarinis partibus mansi peregrinatus sum ambulaui circuiui multas ac diuersas Patriaâ— Regiones Prouincias Insulas Turciam Armeniam maiorem minorem Aegyptum Lybiam bassam altam Syriam Arabiam Persiam Chaldaeam Aethiopiae partem magnam Tartariam Amazoniam Indiam minorem mediam ac partem magnam de maiori in istis
Wolues and Sheepe if they be poore the richer with Sables and Marterns of great price They weare black Bonets sharpe like a Sugar-loafe the men rather small then great wearing beards as we doe specially a certayne time of the yeere Their houses are of stone like ours with two or three lofts slope-roofed and diuersly painted and they haue one street onely of painters The great men for magnificence make a great Loft or Pageant and thereon erect two Tents of silke embroydered with gold siluer pearles and jewels and there stand with their friends This they cause to bee carried by fortie or fiftie Slaues and so goe thorow the Citie in solace The Gentlemen are carried on a simple Pageant by foure or six men without other furniture There Temples are made like our Churches so great that they may contayne foure or fiue thousand persons and haue in them two Statues of a Man and a Woman each fortie foot long all of one peece stretched on the ground and all gilded They haue excellent stone cutters They bring quarry stones two or three moneths iourney on shod Carts of fortie wheeles very high drawne by fiue or six hundred Horses and Mules There are also small Images with six or seuen heads and ten hands all holding diuers things one a Serpent another a Bird a third a Flower c. There are some Monasteries in which liue men of holy life immured within their houses that they cannot goe out whiles they liue and haue victuals euery day brought them There are innumerable like our Friars which goe vp and downe the Citie They haue a custome when one of their kindred dyes to clothe themselues in white many dayes made of Cotton their garments are made long to the ground with wide sleeues They vse Printing of their Books which he thought somewhat like those I shewed him at M. Thomas Giuntos printing house Their Citie is fortified with a thick wall within filled with earth able to carry fâ—ure Carts abrest with Towres and Artillery as thick as those of the great Turke The Ditch is wide and drie but they can make it runne with water at their pleasure They haue a kind of very great Oxen with long thin and with hayre The Cataians and Idolaters are forbidden to goe out of their Countries to goe on merchandise thorow the World Beyond the Desart aboue Corassam to Samarcand and till the Idolatrous Cities the 〈◊〉 rule which are Tartars Musulmans wearing greene sharpe Turbants of felt so making a difference betwixt them and the Persians which weare them red and betwixt them two for diuersitie of opinions in Religion are continual warres and disagreement about their Confines Bocara and Samarcand are two Cities of these Green-heads each a Signorie of it selfe They haue three particular sciences Chimia in the same sense as here Limia to make and cause loue and Simia to make men see that which is not The moneys which they haue are not Coyned but euery Gentleman and Merchant makes thin rods of gold and siluer as is before said of Campion and Succuir In the market place of Campion are euery day many Mountebankes which haue that science of Simia which compassed with a great multitude present strange sights as to cause a man to cut off his arme or thrust himselfe thorow with a sword and seeme to bee all bloudy with other like CHAP. X. A Treatise of China and the adioyning Regions written by GASPAR DA CRVZ a Dominican Friar and dedicated to SEBASTIAN King of Portugall here abbreuiated §. I. Of Camboia and the Bramenes there the cause of his going to China Of China and the neighbouring Regions I Being in Malaca building an house of my Order and preaching was informed that in the Kingdome of Camboia which is subiect to the King of Siam and lyeth toward the parts of China and doth confine with Champa whence commeth the most precious Calambach was great oportunitie to preach the Gospell and to reape some fruit Hauing leaue of my Prelate I tooke the iourney in hand And after the passing many troubles and hunger in the iourney with dangers and sicknesses I came a land and after I had reasonably informed my selfe by a third person conuersing with the People and with the Fathers euen before I knew it I found all to the contrary of that which they had told and that all were deceits of the simple Laytie which of light matters were mooued to presume of the people that which was not in them And besides this I found many hinderances for the obtayning of my desires and intent for first the King is a Bramene and the Bramenes are his principall men and his fauourites and most familiar because they are Witches for they are much giuen to bee pleased with witchcrafts and they doe nothing without consulting the Witches and Bramenes that are in the Kingdome for by this meanes they thriue by the Deuill And so the first thing that the King asked me was if I were a Witch The Bramenes doe worship among others one God which they call Probar missur which they said made the Heauens and the Earth and another God which they call Pralocussar this also hauing obtayned power of another which they call Praissur for to giue this licence to Probar missur and I shewed them that not onely he had not made the Heauen and the Earth but that hee had beene a very wicked man and a great sinner wherefore these Priests said that they would worship him no more hauing worshipped him thitherto with their God Praput prasar metri whereupon the hatred of the Bramenes increased towards me and from thence forward I had disfauours of the King which was mooued for the zeale of his God and the God of his Bramenes There met about these matters the Priests of the Idols and all of their troupe which goe for Priests and hold themselues for religious men and in their conuersation and life they are separated from all other people which to my thinking is the third part of the people of the Land the King thereof setting an hundred thousand men in the field This religious people or that holds it selfe for such are exceedingly proud and vaine and aliue they are worshipped for gods in sort that the inferiour among them doe worship the superiour like gods praying vnto them and prostrating themselues before them and so the common people haue a great confidence in them with a great reuerence and worship in sort that there is no person that dare contradict them in any thing and their wordes among them are held for so sacred that in no wise they will endure to be gainsayed Insomuch that it hapned sometimes whiles I was preaching many round about me hearing me very well and satisfying themselues of that which I said vnto them if there came any of these Priests and said this is good
the South the Riuer of Nanchiun becomes nauigable which runneth into Canton and the South Sea On the other side of the Hill at the Citie Naugau ariseth another great Riuer which visiteth the Prouinces of Chiansi and Nanquin and many Cities before hee enters the Sea Eastward Thus what comes from forraine Kingdomes to Canton is this way conueyed to the in-land Kingdomes as also from those hither Horses and seates or Chayres for carriage on mens shoulders Beasts for carriage and Porters being almost innumerable euery day yet all in good order The Mountayne is common to both Prouinces which are distinguished by a Gate erected among the stonie precipices All the way is set with Trees paued with stones frequenâ— with Hostries as secure by night as by day both by the guards of Souldiers and frequencie of Trauellers neither are their ouer-flowings by raynes On the Hill top is a neate Temple and therein a Garrison both Prouinces thence offered to the view Naughan signifieth the Southerne Inne Hee went in one of the Presidents Ships till hee came to the Citie Canceu by the way often entring into his owne Ship and discoursing with him of Europaean affayres Sciences and Religion But so many visitations for Magistrates hindred all dealing with his Sonne in this iourney so that by his Father it was deferred In this Citie Canceu resideth a Vice-roy greater then the Vice-roy of that Prouince they call him the Vice-roy of foure Prouinces Chiansi Fuchien Canton and Vquam not that all those Prouinces are subiect to him but because hee gouerneth two adioyning Regions or lesse Prouinces out of each of them The cause of appointing this Vice-roy extraordinarie was the multitude of Theeues in those parts which bordering on so many Prouinces could not easily by ordinarie course of Iustice bee apprehended whence two Regions out of each were committed to one who by Militarie forces repressed those insolences And because the militarie Magistrates are subiect to that Councell of Warre at Pequin the President was heere receiued with greater State aboue three thousand men were sent to meete him a league off with their Captaynes Colours and Armes many with Hand-gunnes mixed shooting off as he passed making a faire show on both sides the Riuer which there is not very large When hee was come into the Citie the Vice-roy with other Magistrates visited him with Gifts Prouisions Banquets and some companies were set to guard the Ships which was also done euery where such is the China veneration of such Magistrates by their inferiours Heere was a Bridge of Boates opened but once a day for Ships passage which haue payd their customes After they were past this Citie another Riuer addes it selfe to this whence they come into a place called Sciepathau about thirtie miles long in which are many Rockes dispersed on which the impetuous force of the water causeth many ship-wrackes goods lost and men drowned and requireth expert Ship-men a strange thing to see a Riuer full of shelues and sharpe rockes in the midst of the continent In the entrance of this dangerous passage is an Idoll Temple wherein the passengers deuoutly commend the safetie of their fortunes to these vanities which Scilan also heere did in vaine for although with multitude and industrie of Saylers his Ship auoyded the Rockes yet was that broken in which his Wife and Children were carryed though they escaped drowning by reason of her high building euery one getting vp into the highest decke which lifted vp it selfe aboue those shallower waters They cryed pittifully and Father Matthew hauing then gotten a Boate for himselfe came first and receiued them going himselfe into another lesse which went before to conduct the way Scilan sent for another Ship presently to Canceu Father Matthew was taken into another Ship of burthen which was in a gust ouer-throwne Iohn Barradas his boy was drowned and hee hardly recouered the Commodities by dyuing were gotten againe though much hurt by the water They came to a noble and populous Citie called Chiengan where the winde by night was so violent that it dispersed all the Fleet which hardly escaped wracke Scilan terrified with this disastrous passage by water purposed to goe by land to Pequin which is done at the Kings cost in certayn places there being Horses Lighters Porters prouisions ready prouided Now thinking to send backe Ricius to Xanceum least some might accuse him in a time of warre for bringing Strangers to the Court hee shewed some the wonders of his triangle Glasse which hee was willing to giue the President if hee knew he should hold on with him in the Iourney They acquainted their Lord and hee gaue him license to goe to Nanquin and to enter those two Prouinces of Cequion or Cechien and Nanchin or Nanquin Hee was carryed thither with two of Scilans seruants still hauing Souldiers from all places to guard him they thinking that some of his Sonnes were there carryed When hee came to that Mother Citie for before hee seldome went foorth to preuent all lets which is in twentie nine degrees to the Northermost part of the Prouince hee made shew of himselfe as one of Scilans houshold seruants and not knowing whither to goe to deliuer his Letters hee first went into a Temple of note which beares name of the Iron Pillar For they fable that one Huiunsin had some hundreds of yeeres agoe brought perfect Siluer out of Quick-siluer and had deliuered this Citie from a huge Dragon whom hee ouer-whelmed in the ground and tyed to that Iron Pillar and then flew with his whole house Mice and all into Heauen The building of this Temple is worthy the view against which are perpetuall Faires in which nothing is lacking to bee sold. The Priests are those which they call Thausu which let their hayre and beards grow When hee entred that Temple much concourse of people came about him to see a Stranger a strange sight there yea reputed holy for they had thought that the fame of that Idoll had brought him thither from farre Countries But when hee did no worship thereto hee was admonished to doe that which the greatest Magistrates refused not then threatned after they would force him till one of the Ship sayd hee worshipped no Idols But seeing the multitude still flocking about him he returned to the Ship and signified that hee came with the President whom euery man knew The seruants visited their Masters friends and receiued gifts of some especially of the Vice-royes Physician Scarcely had they sayled out of the chiefe Citie when they meete with a Lake admirable for the greatnesse and other things on all the bankes as farre as a man can see are innumerable Townes Castles Villages great Houses thence they may passe into Fuchien and thence to the Sea Eastward Amongst other Townes there is one Citie called Nancan at the foot of a Hill called Liu in which Hill are diuers Anchorites each in his
and in some Commotion The Magistrates petitioned the King against these abuses but sweetnesse of gaine had not only stopped that eare but procured grieuous penalties to those which withstood his Catch-poll-Eunuches which by those punishments grew more insolent Ours which wintered at Lincin happily escaped these Harpy-clutches who with their Presents arriuing at Nanquin rejoyced to see a Residence so prepared there These Presents intended for the King bred such an amazement in the beholders that others were ready to offer force to see them They still minding to present the King the weather now more cleare and peaceable Cataneus went to Amacao where was much rejoycing for these hopes but soone quenched with sorrow for losse of their ship which tradeth to Iapon men and goods lost on which ship all their Commerce dependeth They found themselues therefore vnable to maintayne three Residences the Iesuites Rector scraped all hee could for that purpose and added a Watch and Image of the blessed Virgin and Trigone Glasses Houre-gâ—afles and other Rarities to their Presents Father Diego Pantoia a Spanish Priest also accompanyed Cataneus to Nanquin and thence went with Ricius to Pequin with Sebastian and Emanuell Father Iohn was called from Nancian to reside with Cataneus at Nanquin They went with an Eunuch then going to Pequin with six ships who shewed them much kindnesse In Zinin a City of the Prouince of Sciantum is a Vice-roy which is as High Admirall ouer all the ships whether they carry prouision or other things which gaue kind entertaynment to Ricius telling him at parting Sithai that was Ricius his China name I also desire to goe to Paradise intimating that all his Heauen was not in earthly honours but that he minded also what the other pâ—eached Presently with great pompe and state hee followed him to his ship and there visited him with vsuall Rites of Vrbanity and a Present and wondred much at the sight of those Presents they carryed for the King He sent an Officer also to make him a readier way One Liciu had made way to this Vice-royes friendship who soone after killed himselfe hearing that vpon some complaint of his Books the King had commanded him to bee imprisoned and his Books to bee burned preuenting so the study of his Aduersaries to put him to some shamefull death Amongst those Eunuches which the King had sent to oppresse the people was one Mathan which dwelt at Linciâ— whose exactions had raysed the people and Souldiers into mutiny which burnt his Palace and killed his Seruants himselfe escaping disguised but the Captiue and Slaue of Couetousnesse no lesse then before Our Eunuch addressed himselfe to him but could not till the third time be admitted because his Gifts were not answerable to the others appetite Hee to make way for himselfe betrayed Ours to this Harpy they not knowing it saying that in one of his ships were strangers with precious Gifts for the King which he shewed closely to his Officers with these he might get the Kings fauour The Gouernour which in that and the Neighbour Cities had great command was his great friend of whom Ricius asked counsell he told him that now the Eunuches reigned and they almost only were the Kings Counsellors nor could the greatest Magistrates withstand their iniuries Yet the countenance of this Magistrate was a great helpe to him this being the man whom of all the Gouernours he most feared a man so well deseruing that his Citizens erected to him a Temple Image and Inscription who now also both countenanced Ricius what he might and gaue him the best aduice how to carry himselfe to this Eunuch and perhaps but for him they had lost all and themselues to This Capon had erected Palaces and Temples and had built a huge ship in which the King himselfe might haue sayled so many were the Cels Chambers Hals and other commodious Buildings thereof the Windowes Galleries of vndecaying wood carryed with many Meanders all shining with Vernish and glittering with Gold In this ship was hee carryed to ours where Ricius met him He viewed and liked all and downe on his knees to the Virgins Picture promised to procure her a place in the Palace Ricius modestly refusing his seruice for them to the King saying many Magistrates of best ranke had vndertaken that kindnesse he smiled saying none of them could doe so much as he with the King the King answeres my Petitions the same day to them or late or nothing The Eunuch which brought ours was sent away and all the Presents put a-board his ship Hee carryed the Iesuites with him to the Towre of Thiensin whither hee went to send thence the six moneths Tribute to the King he feasted them Comedies Rope-runners Tumblers Vaulters and Mimicke Ape-men attending the cheare with such disports as they had neuer seene in Europe One cast three great Kniues into the Ayre one after another and catched them againe in their sheathes another lay on the ground raysing his feete ouer his shoulders with which hee tossed vp and tumbled too and fro an Earthen Pitcher in such sort as hardly could bee done with the hands the like hee did with a Drumme on a Table A Comedie was acted only with gestures of disguised Gyants in glorious habits one from the Theatre pronouncing all their parts A Boy danced admirably and then as it were falling layd his hands on the ground and another Boy of Clay came forth which vsing his hands for feete imitated all the prankes of the other and fell to wrestle with the liuing Boy as if both had beene aliue We will leaue you Spectators here and now bring you forth another Actor which hauing in little while trauelled much and learned more of his Fellowes suddenly sent into Europe these Relations not vnworthy your view which I haue therefore examined with the Originall Spanish and the Latine Translation and cut off some superfluities to giue you more full content and to preuent Repetitions the rather because bee descendeth to many particularities which Ricius looking higher and knowing more hath omitted CHAP. VI. A Letter of Father DIEGO DE PANTOIA one of the Company of IESVS to Father LVYS DE GVZMAN Prouinciall in the Prouince of Toledo written in Paquin which is the Court of the King of China the ninth of March the yeere 1602. §. IIII. Difficulties of entring China their dwelling at Nanquin going from thence to Paquin with Presents for the King troubles in the way by an Eunuch RIght Reuerend Father in Christ the peace of Christ bee with you I thinke I doe not satisfie the dutie which I owe vnto your Worship for the loue which you haue alway shewed vnto mee and the Obligation wherein I am bound to so many most dearely beloued Fathers and Brethren of this Prouince if being as I am in this great Kingdome of China procuring the good of these Pagans whereunto it pleased our Lord to choose
per suas literas intimaâ—it vobis mandamus quatenus si cundem Regem vel ipsius Nauigium per mare coâ—tiguum terrae nostra tranâ—irâ— contingat vel in Terram nostram vel in feâ—da nostra alicubi applicarâ— ipsum suos benignè honorificè recipiatis permittentes eosdem in terra nostra a victualia 〈◊〉 sibi pâ—r forum legitimum de sibi necessarijs prouidere Actum apud Sanctum Germanum in Laia A. D. 1248. When the King of Norway had read this for hee is a discreet and modest and well learned man hee reioyced much and was gratefull to the bearer respecting him with Royall and bountifull gifts Thus writeth Matthew Paris of himselfe and his employment The cause of his going into Norway he further relateth that King Cnuto or Canutus hauing founded a famous Monastery of Saint Bennet of Holm in Norway of which title and order hee had founded another in England it happened that the said Abbie with the appurtenances was almost ruined by an impious Abbat who forsaking his Order and stealing away priuily the Seale of the Chapiter either sold or by forged writings fraudulently engaged almost all the possessions thereof wherein hee had the Sacrist the keeper of the Seale his copartner both in this fugitiue apostacie and treacherie Heereupon the Archbishop of Nidrosia in whose Diocesse the said Abbie was situate seised the same and the appurtenances into his hands alledging that the Monkes had only the habite but were altogether ignorant of Monastike order and Saint Bennets rule some of them also theeues and fugitiues The Monkes appealed to the Pope which caused the Archbishop to suspend his proceedings and the Prior recouering somewhat and gathering together a summe of money went to the Roman Court where the Abbat had beene a little before and intangled by writings the said house in fiue hundred markes which caused the Prior to returne frustrate and full of griefe But in his way hearing that the said Abbat was dead in the Abby of Saint Alban in Selio in Norway he and the Couent made choice of an Abbat and this Prior with another Monke and three hundred markes in mony together with the Kings letter being sent to Matthew Paris to take paines for their freedome it was procured happily that the temporalties of the said house were freed from the Caursines the Popes Vsurers then residing at London within one yeeres space But their Spiritualities were much maimed they by bribes purchasing delayes lest the Archbishop should take possession of the Iland which wholly belonged to the Abby and of it also expelling the Monkes Now the Cardinall Bishop of Sabine then comming Legate into Norway the Monkes sought to him for succour and hee counselled them to go and petition the Pope to prouide them of an Instructor and Reformer and he would write in their behalfe The Abbat therefore and Prior went with Letters from the King and Legate to the Pope who gaue them leaue to chuse any man of whatsoeuer Region or Monasterie to be their Instructer They answered the next day that all the World had not Monkes of that Order liuing in more composed order then England nor England any comparable by report to Saint Albans of which House they desired Matthew to be their Reformer of whose wisdome and faithfulnes they had had experience a man also almost familiar and friendly to their King and able by his meanes to order the rebellious and vnruly Hereupon the Pope gaue them this Briefe to the Abbat of Saint Albans Innocentius c. Dilecto Filio Abbati Sancti Albani in Anglia Ordinis S. Benedicti c. Cum sicut ex parte dilecti filij Abbatis Monasterij de Holâ—s Ordinis S. Benedicti Nistorsiensis Diocesis fuit propositum coram nobis idem Monasterium propter Pradecessorum suorum negligentiam sit in his quae ad Monasticum Ordinem pertinent deformatum nec inueniator in illis partibus aliquis qui statuta obseruantias eiusdem Ordinis bene sciat Nos ad supplicationem eiusdem Abbatis discretionem tuam rogamus attentius hortamur per Apostolica tibi scripta mandantes quatenus dilectum filium Fratrem Mattheum Monachum tuum qui dicitur probeta vitae ac religionis expertae ad idem Monasterium vt dictum Abbatem Monachos suos in regularibus disciplinis statutis quae ad eundem ordinem pertinent informet instruat transmittere pro diuina Apostolicae sedis ac nostra reuerentia non postponas Datum Lugduni c. Hereto the Abbat obeying and Matthew to his Abbat the businesse luckily succeeded and Monkerie both in that of Holâ—s and other Norwegian Monasteries was reformed I might here shew the great stirres which in the first Ages after the Conquest the Norwegians haue caused in Ireland Wales Man Anglesey the Hebrides and Orcades as also of Harald whom the Conquerour slue his two sonnes and daughter fleeing to Sueno King of Denmarke who gaue the daughter in Marriage to Ieruslaus or Waldemarus King of Russia and of Nicolas de Lynna a Franciscan Frier and Mathematician of Oxford before mentioned of whom Iacobus Cuoyen saith in his Iournall that he learned of a Priest who had descended of those which King Arthur had left to people the Ilands of Norway Anno 1364. that in the yeere 1360. the said Frier had comne into those Ilands and proceeding further by Art Magicke had described those Aâ—â—ike parts as the Map presents with foure Whirl-pooles or In-draughts Yea as Master Dee addeth at the Northerne Ilands the Record whereof at his returne he gaue to the King of England the Booke being called Inuentio fortunata or fortunae contayning a description from fiftie foure degrees to the Pole I might also adde out of Thâ—mas of Walsingham the Trauels of Henrie Earle of Darbie afterwards Henrie the Fourth King of England into Prussia and Lettow or Lithuania where by his helpe especially was taken Vilna the chiefe Citie Skâ—rgalle the King of Lettow hauing fled thither for refuge his Colours being first aduanced on the walls foure thousand slaine of which the King of Polands Brother and three thousand captiued Also I might adde the Voyage of Thomas of Woodstocke Duke of Glocester sonne to King Edward the Third along the Coasts of Denmarke Norway and Scotland Other Letters likewise of King Edward the Second to Haquin or Hacon King of Norway in behalfe of English Merchants there arrested with Entercourses betwixt the English and the Dutch Knights in Liefland But hauing only briefe mentions of these and them or the most of them recorded by Master Hakluyts industrie before I doe here but Index-wise referre the Reader thither I rather choose to giue new things and rare and such may seeme these Notes which Anno 1605. I writ from the mouth of Master George Barkeley HONDIVS his Map of the Arctike Pole or Northerne World POLUS ARCTICUS cum vicinis regionibus CHAP.
some furlongs bread and three or foure miles long There appeare euident signes in the stonie Mountaines that the ancient Greekes thence cut huge stones and carried them by Ships to build Chersona a Citie in those times famous as the Greeke Christians still report The Heraclians of Pontus sent thither a Colony The Fort of Ingermenum was also built by the Greekes as appeareth by Greeke Inscriptions and Scutcheons therein and thorow all the Isthmus to the walls were sumptuous buildings and innumerable Wells digged There were also two great High-wayes or Causies of stone There were many good Vineyards and Gardens now called Belbec and possessed by Greeke Christians or Italians and Iewes and a few Turkes Of the ruines the Turkes and Tartars make great Stalls and Enclosures for their beasts This Cheronesus Corsunum or Chersona the Turkes called Sari Germenum or Yellow Tower of the colour of that Tract whereof admirable ruines remaine to testifie the quondam splendor There are channells or conduits of hewen stone vnder ground foure miles to the Citie walls still containing cleere water From a place where is a Village of note and not farre off neere the Sea is a Greeke Monastery of Saint George with anniuersarie deuotion frequented of the Greekes remaining in Taurica with great concourse The Citie hath not beene inhabited these many ages the Walls and Towers sumptuously built are yet seene entire But the Turks carry thence excellent Marble and Serpentine Columnes and great stones by Sea for the vse of their publike and priuate buildings Of the Temples the very ruines are vtterly ruined and the houses lye buried in that Monument and Selfe-sepulchre The walls of a Greeke Monasterie remayne very large but without roofe and the ornaments spoyled The Russian and Polonian Chronicles relate that Volodâ—mir great Duke of the Russians or Kiou carried thence two doores of Corinthian Brasse and some artificiall Greeke Images which Broleslaus the second King of Poland translated from Kiou to Gnesna there yet in the great Church to be seene Volodimir tooke that Citie from Iohn Zemisca the Constantinopolitan Emperour but after marrying Anna the sister of Emperour Basilius and being baptized in that Monastery after the Greeke Rites by a certayne Patriarch hee restored it as is still related by the Christian remainders in those parts Before the Citie was the Promontorie Parthenium with a Temple and Image of that Goddesse and other Antiquities by Strabo related That which the Greekes called Iamboli the Turkes haue stiled Balachei as the Towre of fishes in regard of the plentie in that Sea It was fortified in a high great and stonie Mountayne by the Genuois whiles the proud cowardly Grecians which held that part of Taurica quarrelling amongst themselues lost it to them There they had a notable Port a strong and sumptuous Fortresse and there the Towres houses and walls with the Genuois Ensignes and Inscriptions lye ruined It is now inhabited of a few Greekes Iewes and Turkes and frequented by fewer Merchants and strangers by Sea Marcopia stretcheth further to the Mountaynes and Woods and is not so neere the Sea it hath had two Castles Greeke Temples and Houses sumptuous with many cleere Rils running out of the stone but eighteene yeeres after that the Turkes had taken it as the Greeke Christians affirme it was destroyed by a sudden and horrible fire Neither hath any thing remayned of note but the higher Fort in which is a goodly Gate adorned with Greeke writing and store of Marble and a high house of stone Into that house the Messengers of the Muscouites are by the barbarous Chans sometimes thrust and there endure hard keeping There remaynes the Greeke Church of Saint Constantius and another meane one of Saint George One Greeke Priest and some Iewes and Turkes dwell there Obliuion and Ruine hath deuoured the rest nor are there men or Stories of the quondam Inhabitants which I with great care and diligence euery-where sought in vaine An old Priest which I saw there said that a little before the Turkes besieged it two Greeke Dukes of the Imperiall bloud of Constantinople or Trapezond there resided which were after carried aliue into Constantinople and by Selim the Turkish Emperour slaine In the Greeke Churches on the walls are painted Imperiall Images and Habits The Tower and Citie Marcopia is nigh to Cercessigermenum a new Turkish Fort taking name from Cercessium but the Turkes and Tartars and Greekes also haue now lost the name The Greeke Dukes are said to haue there committed much wickednesse And in that stony Hill whereon it is seated it hath houses cut with admirable Artifice in the Rocke which still for the most part remayne entire although the place be become wooddie A Temple adorned with Marble and Serpentine Pillars now laid prostrate on the ground testifie the quondam glorie The Palaces or Houses of the Chans reach vnto the Mediterranean Taurica as Strabo cals it It hath a famous Towne and a principall Store-house called Baccasaray wherein he perpetually resideth That Towne is situated betweene two Mountaynes and a little Riuer flowes betweene whereof the Towne is named There is a stone Mosche and the Chans Sepulchres built within the Townes Liberty of the Christians ruines Not farre also from that Towne there is a Mahometan Monasterie and very many Tartarian Graues curiously raysed out of the Grecian ruines In the further end of that Towne there is another Towne called Salaticum adorned with faire buildings by the Turkes there inhabiting The Royall Seate or Mansion of the Chans is sumptuously garnished by the ancient Tartarian Princes with Houses Temples Sepulchres and exquisite Baths When the Princes with their Wiues oft giue themselues to ease pastimes pleasures and recreation they go thither For that place or Region is commodious for huntings it hath Orchards Vineyards Gardens and many store of good grounds and it is watered with Chrystaline streames There are Mountaynes and store of Woods wherein are seene very many ruines of Houses and large Forts and Cities yet they remayne desert and are of few or none inhabited Almassaray at the meeting of the Riuer Alma is a house of the Kings where he is woont not often to reside because he liues not there so commodiously as in other places and cannot lodge there with his Court for there is only one base Village There are some more obscure bordering Townes and Fortresses where they are woont to maintayne their Wiues Also not a few Castles where the Sultans the Chans brothers or their sonnes and wiues perpetually dwell That part of Chersonesus which the Chan with his Tartars possesse from Perecopia toward the Fenne or Lake to the Citie Cremum is cultiuated plaine champiâ—n fertile and plentifull of grasse but toward the Sea and the Palace of the Chan and his Townes Castles and Villages the Countrey is Mountaynous woodie well husbanded and very fruitfull The Mountaynes in that Coast are huge
Imperiall Pallace and beganne to gouerne the Empire more inclining to the Poles and forreiners then to the Russes which vntimely expressing himselfe hastned his ruine Seuentie noble Families of Boris his kindred or faction were exiled that their Goods might be â—hared amongst strangers and new Colonies of men planted brought into Russia His clemency was remarkable to Suisky who being condemned for not onely refusing to acknowledge this Emperour but vttering also reproachfull speeches of him as being of base Parentage and one which had conspired with the Poles to ouerthrow the Russian Temples Nobility and now his prayers ended and the fatall stroake on his knees expected on the seauenth of Iuly by vnexpected mercy euen then receiued his pardon The last which yeelded to him were the Plescouites Some tell of exceeding Treasures also which hee found laid vp for other purposes which through his profusenesse soone vanished The first of September was designed to his inauguration being New yeeres day to the Russes as sometimes to the Iewes but for other causes it was hastned and his Mother was sent for out of a Monasterie into which Boris had thrust her farâ—e from the Court An honorable Conuoy was herein employed and himselfe with great shew of Pietie went to meet her embraced her with teares and bare-headed on foot attended her Chariot to the Castle whence afterwards she remoued with her women into a Monasterie where the Noblest Virgins and Widdowes of Russia vse to sequester themselues from the World His Mother was noted to answere with like affection to him whether true or dissembled on both parts At his entrance to the Kingdome after Ceremonies ended Nicolas Cnermacouius a Iesuite made him a goodly Oration the like was done by the Senate To the Iesuits was alotted a faire place of entertaynment not far from the Castle wherein to obserue the Romish Rites and Holies and euen then by their meanes he had declared himselfe in that point but for feare of Suiskie hee stayed till fitter oportunitie Hauing thus setled things his care was to recompence the Poles to enter league with that Nation and to consummate the Marriage For which purpose hee sent three hundred Horsemen with Athanasius the Treasurer who in Nouember came to Cracouia had audience of King Sigismund where he with all thankfulnesse acknowledged the Kings forwardnesse with his Nobles to recouer his right whereto God had giuen answerable successe beyond expectation that he deplored the Turkish insolencies in Hungary and other parts to vindicate which he would willingly joyne with the Pole and other Christian Princes meane whiles hee was willing to make an euerlasting league with him and to that end entreated his good leaue to take vnto himselfe a Wife out of Poland namely Anna Maria the Daughter of George Miecinsie the Palatine of Sendomir to whom for money men and endangering of his owne life hee was so much engaged The eight day after the Contract was solemnely made by the Cardinall Bishop of Cracouia and the Embassadour with her Parents feasted by the King Demetrius had sent her and her Father Iewels worth 200000. Crownes Thus farre haue wee followed Thuanus and hee Iacobus Margaretus a French Captayne of Demetrius guard of Partisans which published a Booke hereof Now let vs present you a little English Intelligence touching this Demetrius and his respect to men of our Nation in those parts and first his Letter to Sir Iohn Mericke The Copie of a Letter sent from the Emperor DEMETRY EVANOWICH otherwise called GRISHCO OTREAPYOV the which Letter was sent to Master IOHN MERRICK Agent out of the Campe as Master MERRICK was taking his Iournie to the Sea-side the eighth of Iune Anno 1605. FRom the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Demetry Euanowich of all Russia To the English Marchant Iohn Merrick wee giue to vnderstand that by the iust iudgement of God and his strong power we are raised to our Fathers throne of Vladedmer Mosko and of all the Empire of Russia as great Duke and sole commander likewise we calling to memorie the loue and amitie of our Father the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Euan Vassilywich of all Russia and our Brother Theodor Euanowich of all Russia which was held and kept by them and other great Christian Princes in the same forme and manner doe we likewise intend and purpose to hold and keepe Loue and amitie but especially and aboue all others doe we intend to send and to haue loue and friendship with your King Iames and all you his English Merchants we will fauour more then before Further as soone as this our Letter doth come to your hand and as soone as you haue ended your Markets at the shipping place of Michael the Archangell then to come vp to Mosco to behold our Maiesties presence And for your poste Horse I haue commanded shall be giuen you and at your comming to Mosco then to make your appearance in our Chancery to our Secretarie Ofanasy Vlassou Written in our Maiesties Campe at Tooly in the yeare of the world Anno seauen thousand one hundred and thirteene The Copie of the translation of a Passe giuen to Master IOHN MERRICK which was giuen him in the time of his being in the Campe at Molodoue with the Emperour DEMETRY EVANOWICH otherwise called GRISHCO OTREAPYOVE FRom the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Demetry Euanowich of all Russia from Mosco to our Cities and Castles as also to the Castle of Archangell at the Shipping place and hauen to our Generals Secretaries and all other our Officers c. There did make suite vnto vs the English Marchant Iohn Merricke and his Company that we would gratifie them to be suffered to passe to the new Castle of Archangell or to the shipping place or hauen in regard of trafficke of Merchandise Also that if he doe send home any of his fellowes and seruants from the shipping place being of the English that then they might be suffered to passe into England Also that to whatsoeuer Citie of ours the English Marchant Iohn Mericke and his fellowes doth or shall come vnto then all yee our Generals Secretaries and oll other our Officers shall suffer them to passe euery where without all delay And as for our Customes as for passing by or for head mony our custome of goods you shall not take any of them nor of their seruants Likewise when the English Merchants Iohn Merricke with his fellowes and seruants shall come to the Castle of Archangell then Timophey Matphewich Lazaroue and our Secretary Rohmaneum Mocaryoued Voronoue at the foresaid Castle of Archangell shall suffer and permit the English Merchant Iohn and his companie to trade freely Moreouer when at the shipping place they haue ended and finished their Markets and that then the said Iohn Merricke shall desire to send into England any of his fellowes or seruants with goods then likewise they shall be suffered to passe But Russâ— people and other strangers of
Mosco shall not be suffered to passe further that if Iohn Merricke with his fellowes and seruants doe not goe for England but after their Market is ended doe purpose to come backe againe to Mosco that then at the Castle of Archangell Timophey Matphewich Lazaroue and our Secretarie Rohmaneeu Voronaue as also at all other our Castels and Cities our Generals Secretaries and all other our Officers shall let passe the English Merchant Iohn Merricke with his fellowes and seruants without all stay or hinderance and as for custome of them their goods or their seruants there shall not be any taken And after the Reading of this our Letter and Passe you shall keepe the Copie of it by you but this you shall deliuer backe againe to the said Iohn and his companie Written at our Campe at Molodone the yeare from the beginning of the World 7113. the eighteenth of Iune The last of Iuly 1605. at Archangell The Copie of the translation of a Commission that was sent from the Mosko from the Emperour DEMETRY EVANOWICH alias GRYSHCA OTREAPYOVE by a Courtier named GAVARYLA SAMOYLOWICH SALMANOVE who was sent downe to the Castle of Archangell to Sir THOMAS SMITH then Lord Embassadour as followeth THe great Lord Emperour and great Duke Demetry Euanowich of all Russia hath commanded Gauareela Samoylowich Salmanoue to goe to Vologda and from Vologda to the new Castle of Archangell or wheresoeuer he shall ouertake the English Ambassadour Sir Thomas Smith Also when he hath ouertooke the Ambassadour then Gauareele shall send the Ambassadour his Interpreter Richard Finch willing him to certifie vnto the Ambassadour that the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Demetry Euanowich sole commander of Russia hath sent vnto him one of his Courtiers in regard of his Maiesties affaires and after some two houres respite Gauareela himselfe shall ride to the Ambassadour and deliuer vnto him his Maiesties speeches as followeth THe great Lord Emperour and great Duke Demetry Euanowich of all Russia and of many Kingdomes Lord and commander Hath commanded thee Thomas the English Ambassadour to certifie vnto Iames King of England Scotland France and Ireland that by the iust iudgement of God and his strange power we are come and succeeded into the place of our Father and predecessours as also we are come to the throne of the great and famous Kingdome of Vlodemer Mosco and to the Empire of Cazan Astaracan and Siberia and of all the Kingdomes of the Empire of Russia being an Empire belonging to the great Lords Emperours and great Dukes of all Russia Moreouer we calling to memorie the sending loue and amitie betwixt our Father the great Lord and Emperour and great Duke Euan Vasilywich of all Russia of famous memorie as also our Brother the great Lord and Emperour and great Duke Feoder Euanowich of all Russia sole commander with their sister Elizabeth Queene of England in the like manner doe we purpose to haue sendings and to be in loue with your Lord King Iames and more then hath bin in former time And in token of our said loue and amitie we doe intend to fauour all his subiects in our Land and to giue vnto them freer libertie then they haue had heretofore and you his Ambassadour we haue commanded to dispatch without all delay or hindrance Therefore we would haue you to make knowne vnto your Lord King Iames our Maiesties loue And as soone as God shall grant the time of our Coronation to be finished and that we are crowned with the Emperiall crowne of our predecessours according to our manner and worthinesse then we the great Lord Emperor and great Duke Demeetry Euanowich of all Russia sole Commander will send our messenger to salute each other according to the former manner And concerning those Letters which were sent by you from Borris Godenoue we would haue you deliuer them backe againe to our Courtier Gauareela and after the deliuerie of our speeches to returne him to the Emperour vnder written by the Chancellour Ofanasy Euanowich Vlaseou The Copie of the Translation of a new Priuiledge that was giuen to the Company by the Emperour DEMEETRY EVANOWICH otherwise called GRYSHCA OTREAPYOVE the which Priuiledge was sent into England ouer-land by OLYVER LYSSET Marchant and seruant to the foresaid Company GOD the Trenitie before and without the beginning the Father the Sonne and the holy Ghost establish vs to hold and keepe our Scepter and Realme for the good of our Land and the happinesse of our people Wee the resplendant and manifest and not the miserable vpholder but sole commander the great Duke Demetry Euanowich by the mercy of God Casar and great Duke of Russia and of all the Empire of Tartaria and many other Kingdomes as also of the great Monarchie of Mosco Lord Emperour and Commander Haue bestowed and gratified vnto the English Merchants viz. Sir Thomas Smith Knight Sir Iohn Spencer Knight Sir Humfrey Wild Knight Robert Doue Robert Chamberline William Garaway Iohn Haruey Richard Stapers Iohn Merricke Richard Wryght Richard Cocks Thomas Farrington Richard Wych George Bowles Bartholomew Barnes Richard Bowldra Iohn Casten Edward Chery Thomas the sonne of Alexander alias Hicks we haue giuen them free liberty to come with their ships into our Realme and Dominion and to the Country of Dwina to the Castle of Archangel and to Colmogro with all maner of commodities and to trade freely as also to come from the sea side by land or by water to our great dominion and Caesars City of Mosco great Nouogrod and Vobsko and all other cities within our dominions to trade with all manner of commodities in the same forme and manner as heretofore was bestowed on the English Merchants in the time of our father of famous memory the great Lord and Caesar and great Duke Euan Vassilywich of all Russia sole Commander and as was granted vnto them in the time of our Brother the great Duke Theodor Euanowich of all Russia sole Commander And as for custome of their goods or for passing by as also for the custome of their boates or for Head-money or for going ouer bridges or Ferryes or for entrie of goods As also all manner of Custome whatsoeuer we command shall not bee taken of them Also the English Merchants shall not bring nor sell other mens goods in our Dominion as their owne neither shall our Subiects buy or sell or traffique for Also our Subiects pawnes they shall not keep by them nor send others about the Cities to buy goods but what Cities they come into themselues they shall trafficke and sell their owne commodities and buy Russe commodities freely And when they come into our Dominion of great Nouogrod and Vobsko or to any other Cities within our Realme to trafficke with their goods and that after the market is past they shall bee desirous to passe for Mosco or for England then our Gentlemen and Gouernours and all people shall according to this our Caesars Letter let them passe without delay
King some thing of no great value our King would haue sent him many precious things and dismissed you his Ambassadours honourably and haue sent his Ambassadours with you but now hee only endeth his Letter to your Emperour The Citie of Catay where the King dwelleth is built vpon an euen plaine ground and is incompassed round about with a Riuer called Yoâ—ga which falleth into the blacke Sea which is from the Citie Catay seuen dayes trauell so that there come no ships neerer the Citie Catay then seuen dayes trauell off but all things are transported in small Vessels and ship-boats The Merchandizes the King doth send into all parts of his Dominions of Catay and from thence are carried ouer the borders into the Land of Mugalla to the King Altine to the blacke Kollmakes to the Iron King into Boghar and other Dominions their Patriarkes and Friers trauell with the Commodities as Veluets Sattens Damaskes Siluer Leopard Skinnes Turkesses and blacke Zenders for which they buy Horses and bring them into Catay for in Catay are but few horses only Mules and Asses and Cloth they haue none their Horses and Siluer goeth into strange Countreyes or as they say Nemâ—sij the Siluer is made in Brickes which they call Kritsij valued each Kritsij at fiftie two Rubles their Apparell they weare with long broad hanging sleeues like the Gentlewomens Summer-coats or Lettiâ—ks in Russia the people are very faire but not warlike timorous most their endeuour is in great and rich traffick They told vs that not long before our comming the people of Mugalla had taken two Castles from them by deceit also they told vs that their King hath a stone which lighteth as the Sunne both day and night called in their Language Sarra and in our Tongue Iachaâ—t or Rubie another stone they say hee hath which driueth away water from it it is also called a Rubie There come to them Strangers or Nemtsij euery yeere with all manner of Merchandizes and barter for Deere Skinnes and Loshids Sables Beuers Veluets Taffataes and Zendews or Calico these strangers they say come to them out of the blacke Sea from the East and the South also they say there is a Riuer called Kartalla which falleth into the great Riuer Ob but they know neyther the head nor the fall of it they imagine it commeth out of the blacke Sea and falleth into it againe vpon this Riuer dwell many people with walking Herds For a triple testimony of Sir Iohn Merikes honourable courtesie I haue added this succeeding Patent which howsoeuer in some things it concurre with the former of Boris and Demetrius Yet those being obscurely translated or written this may illustrate them and it also presenteth both larger Priuiledges the Partriarkes name ioyned with the Emperours and the Golden Seale WE the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michaell Pheodorowich of all Russia sole Commander of Volodemer Mosco and Nouogrod Emperour of Cazan Emperour of Astracan Emperour of Siberia Lord of Plesco and great Duke of Sâ—olensky Twensky Vgorsky Psermesky Vatsky Bolgorsky and others Lord and great Duke of Nouogrod in the lower Countreyes Cheringosky Rahansky Rostouskey Yaraslausky Belozersky Vdorskey Obdorsky Condinsky and of all the Northerne parts Commander and Lord ouer the Country of Iuersky and Caberdynland Cherkaskey and of the Dukedomes of Igorskey and of many other Kingdomes Lord and Conquerour Together with the great Lord Philleret Neketich the holy Patriarke and Head of the Reuerend Clergie of the Imperiall Citie of Mosco and of all Russia by the flesh our naturall Father and by the power of the Holy Ghost our Spirituall Pastâ—r and Ghostly Father Whereas there was sent vnto vs the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michaell Pheodorowich of all Russia and to our Father the great Lord the holy Patriarke of Mosco and of all Russia From our louing Brother Iames by the grace of God King of England Scotland France and Ireland and of many others his Maiesties Ambassadour Sir Iohn Merike Knight and Gentleman of his Maiesties Priuie Chamber vpon both our Princely Affaires The said Sir Iohn Merike in the name of our said louing Brother King Iames requested our Imperiall Maiestie and our Father the great Lord the holy Patriarke to bee pleased graciously to fauour the English Merchants to grant them leaue to come with their shippes vnto our Port and Hanâ—ns of Archangell with all kind of Commoditieâ— and freely to traffique from the Sea side to our Imperiall Citie of Mosco and to our Patrimoniâ— of great Nouogrod and Plesco and vnto all other our Cities Townes and Countreyes of our Empire with all sorts of Commodities without paying of Custome in as ample manner as formerly hath beene granted to the English Merchants and that our Imperiall Maiestie together with our deere Father the holy Patriarke would be pleased to grant a new our gracious Priuiledges vnder our Princely Seale accordingly as our Predecessors Emperours and great Dukes of all Russia haue heretofore granted vnto them We therefore the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michaell Pheodorowich of all Russia sole Commander together with our deere Father the holy Patriarke of Mosco and of all Russia for the loue we beare to our most louing Brother the great Lord King Iames with whom wee are willing and desirous euer to remayne in the strongest bonds of brotherly loue and friendship haue graciously granted to his Kingly Maiesties Subiects the English Merchants Sir Thomas Smith Knight Sir Iohn Merike Knight Sir Richard Smith Knight Sir William Russell Knight Sir George Bowles Knight Hugh Hamersley Alderman Ralph Freeman Richard Wytch Morris Abbot Robert Bateman William Stone Rowland Healing Iob Hanby Richard Ironside Edward Iames Iohn Caslen Beniamin Deicrow Fabyan Smith and their fellowes free leaue to come with their shippes into our Kingdomes into our Countreyes of Dweena vnto the Port of Archangell and from thence to our Imperiall Citie of Mosco and of Nouogrod the Great and vnto Plesco and into all other the Cities of our Empire to trade and traffique with all kind of Merchandizes free of all Customes as well the great Customes as Tole vnlading of Vessels or Boats passages through any place by water or Land entries Head-money Bridge-money Ferryings or any manner of Customes or Duties whatsoeuer can bee named The English Merchants being thus licensed to trade in our Kingdomes free of all customes for their owne commodities shall neither colour nor sell strangers wares as their owne neither shall our people sell for them any of their goods nor yet shall they keepe any of our people vnder their protection and into what Cities the English Merchants themselues or their Factors or Seruants shall come with their goods it shall be lawfull for them freely to trafficke and sell their owne commodities in barter or otherwise against Commodities of our Countrey And whensoeuer the said Merchants shall come into our Patrimony of great Nouogrod and Plesco or into any other the Cities of our
moneths and the returne lesse then thirtie dayes and the same from the Kings to Chile from whence to Panama are sayled nine hundred leagues in lesse then two moneths eight being needfull for the going which is alreadie shorter then it was for putting to the Sea they finde better windes to performe it The Nauigation to the Westerne Ilands Malucas and Philippinas from Castile to the Streight of Magellane passeth foure thousand leagues and so for being so long as for the difficultie of passing the Streight of Magellanâ—s it is held for difficult to vse it and from Noua Espanna through the Westerne Gulfe which is in the South Sea This Nauigation was made from the Port of the Natiuitie in the Coast of Noua Espanna at this time it is made from the Port of Acapulco from whence to the Malucas and Philippinas they doe make a voyage of one thousand sixe hundred or a thousand and seuen hundred leagues which is sayled in two moneths or two and a halfe departing in Nouember which is the time most free from calmes And the returne to Noua Espanna is longer because not being able to returne the way they went it is necessarie to ascend to 39. degrees and depart in May and Iune when the Brises bee lesse and they stay foure moneths in sayling two thousand leagues that may bee in the iourney NAture hauing diuided these western Indies in two parts by the Isthmos or narrownesse from Porte bello to Panama placed the one to the North and the other to the South wherefore wee will call them the Indies of the North and of the South The Kings of Castile and Lion with the aduice of the supreme Councell of the Indies haue ordayned that in each place there bee a Vice-roy Courts and Gouernments and Bishopricks as hereafter shall bee shewed And first shall be entreated of the Northerne Indies which commonly they call Noua Hispania because the first discouerers which were Iohn Grijalua and his Companions hauing not seene in the Ilands houses of stone nor other things as in Spaine which here they found with people apparelled and more ciuill They named it New Spaine which exceedeth the other part of the Indies in pastures and therefore they haue innumerable Cattle of all sorts and it exceedeth also in husbandrie and fruits it hath no wine because generally the grapes doe not ripen with perfection the raines of Iuly and August not suffering them to ripen The vpper Ilands haue also great Pastures and a pleasant prospect for all the yeere they are greene and flourishing with great pleasantnesse and great Arcabucos which are very thick Groues and Inclosures and in the Playnes are great Lakes and Quagmires Neither Bread nor Wine grow in them for the great ranknesse of the ground doth not suffer it to ripen nor care the Riuers for the most part haue gold Florida Nicaragua and Guatimala are almost in this manner as of all more particularly wee will rehearse in their place and in the Table following shall the bounds of these Northern Indies bee seene THe Court of the Iland Hispaniola which in time and place is the first being neerest vnto Castile it hath of bounds East and West fiue hundred and fiftie leagues and North and South more then three hundred wherein are included the Ilands and Gouernments of Hispaniola Cuba Saint Iohn Iamayca Margarita and the fishing of the Pearle the Prouince and Gouernment of Venezuella and for neernesse the Prouinces of new Andaluzia Guayana and Florida with all the Ilands of the North Sea which doe passe a hundred which are named and are aboue sixe hundred great and small and those which doe leane toward the Coast of Terra firme the Mariners doe call of the Leeward and the other to the Weatherward The temperature of them all is commonly moist and exceeding hot and although they be plentifull in Pastures and Trees they are not so of the Seedes of Castile nor of Wheat Barly Vines nor Oliues but there is great store of great Cattell and small as Kine Mares Swine and Sheepe and therefore their principall trafficke is Hides and Sugar for there is great store and although in the most of them there is gold it is not sought for THe Countrie-men called the Iland of Hispaniola Ayti and Quisqueya which signifieth Roughnesse and a great Countrie The figure of it is like a Chesnut leafe it stands in nineteene degrees and a halfe of eleuation of the Pole it compasseth about foure hundred leagues and somewhat more and hath in length East and West an hundreth and fiftie and North and South from thirtie to sixtie where it is broadest it is very plentifull of Sugar and Cattell and of Yuca the roote whereof maketh the Cazabi the bread of the Countrimen They haue no Millet nor Wheat although they begin to reape some in the inward parts and coldest It is rich of Copper mynes and other metals and some veine of Gold though but little is gotten for want of workemen it hath ten Spanish Townes HONDIVS his Map of Hispaniola Cuba c. CUBA INSULâ— HAVANA PORTUS IAMAICA I. S. IOANNIS I. MARGARETAE CUBAE INSULAE PARS HISPANIOLA The Citie of Saint Dominicke or Domingo neere the Coast of the South on the Riuer of Ozama stands in the said 19. degrees and a halfe and 60. of Occidentall longitude from the Meridian of Toledo from whence vnto it there may bee by direct line one thousand two hundred fortie seuen leagues it hath aboue sixe hundred housholds There is resident in it the Audience or Councell the Officers of the Goods and Royall Treasure a Mint house and the Cathedrall Church And the Archbishoprick hath for Suffraganes the Bishopricks of the Conception de la Vega which is vnited with that of Saint Dominicke those of Saint Iohn Cuba Venezuela and the Abbotship of Iamayca and in the Citie are Monasteries of Dominicans Franciscans Mercenaries and other two of Nunnes a Grammar Schoole with foure thousand Pesos of Rent and an Hospitall with twentie thousand The Hauen which is great and capable of many ships is in the mouth of the Riuer Ozama and hath the Citie on the West which the Deputie Don Bartholomew Collon did build the yeere 1494. on the East side better and wholsomer in situation and the chiefe Knight of Alcantara Nicholas of Ouando being Gouernour of Hispaniola An. 1502. remoued it where now it is from the other side the Riuer to the East vpon occasion that the Citie had fallen by a great Earthquake The Village of Salualyon of Yguey eight and twentie leagues from Saint Dominicke to the East of the Archbishoprick the Captaine Iohn of Esquiuel did people it The Village of the Zeybo twentie leagues from Saint Dominicke to the East toward the Iland of Saona the Captaine also planted it in the time of Nicholas of Ouando The Village of Cotuy sixteene leagues from Saint Dominicke to the North
Other ten leagues thence standeth the Port of Siuill before the Point Negrillo from whence the Coast windeth vnto the Cabo de Falcon neere to Oristan and goeth by the South to the Port of Guayano And fiue leagues from this Coast are the Harmingas a dangerous shoale and seuen leagues further las Viuoras small Ilands compassed with shoales and to the South of them the Serrana and a little Iland compassed with shoales with other foure or fiue neere vnto it and to the North-west of it the Serranilla and to the West of it the Roncador another Rocke and to the South-west of it Saint Andrewes an Iland compassed with shoales North and South with Nombre de Dios about fortie leagues from it and neere from thence another called Sancta Catilina the Caymanes directly West from Iamayca twentie fiue leagues from the little Blackmoore which are two little Ilands sixe leagues the one from the other and the great Cayman another Iland of seuen leagues in length fifteene leagues from the Caymanes to the West and to the North Coast betweene Cuba and Hispaniola another shoale which is called Abre-oio The Iland of Saint Iohn of Port Rico which the Indians called Barriquen lyeth betwixt twelue and fifteene leagues from Hispaniola to the East of fortie fiue leagues in length East and West and from North to South betwixt twentie and thirtie very plentifull of all that Hispaniola hath and of Millet Yuca and of Mynes of Gold The temperature is good and almost one all the yeere except in December and Ianuary There is in it three Spanish Townes with a Gouernment and a Bishoppricke the President Iohn Ponce of Lion passed to discouer this Iland the yeere 1508. being Gouernour in the Prouince of Yguey for Nicholas of Ouando in Hispaniola and returned the yeere 1510. by order of the King to people it The Citie of Saint Iohn is in the beginning of the North Coast on the East side in eighteene degrees of height and they call it of Port Rico for the excellencie of the Hauen The Bishop and the Gouernour are resident in it and the Officers of the Kings Reuenues and it is Suffragane to Saint Domingo Arrecibo stands thirtie leagues to the West from Port Rico the Towne of Guadianilla or Saint German the New in the Westerne Coast three and thirtie leagues from Port Rico to the South-west There was in old time in this Iland another Towne which was called Guanica in the South Coast at the end of it where now is the Port of Mosquitos which is very good from whence it was remoued to another situation of the Westerne Coast which they call Aguada or the Watering with name of Soto-Mayor there is in this Iland a row of Mountaynes that diuide it in the middest East and West vnto the Sea and Borders of Saint German and heere is found the Tree called Tabernaculo which yeeldeth white Rozen like Gumme Anime and it serueth for Pitch for the ships and for fire or light and it is medicinable to take out the colde or numnesse and to cure wounds There are few Ports in this Iland for all the Coast of the North is very foule with shoales and Rockes those that are are to the East from the Port of Saint Iohn The Riuer of Luysa and that which they call Canoba and la Cabeça the farthest East point of the Iland neere to the Hill of the Loquillos and in it a Port which they call Saint Iames three leagues further is another called Yabucoa and three leagues from the Coast on this side of the passage is a little Illet and at the beginning of the South passage another which they call Boyqui and forward the Iland of Saint Anne Guayama a Port and afterward the Riuers Neabon and Xauia six leagues before the Port of Guadianilla two leagues to the East of the Riuer of Mosquitos in whose mouth is the Riuer called Guanica and six leagues from it the Cape Roio the furthest West of the South Coast and to the West of it toward Hispaniola is the Iland of Moua and to the North of it the Manico and Zecheo other two little Ilands the Port of Pines and the Port of Mayaguez and the Bay of Saint German the old and the mouth of the Riuer Guanabo or the Watering and that of Guabataca more forward and afterward in the North Coast that of Camay and of Cibuco and Tâ—a neere to Port Rico and in the middest of the Coast of the South Sea leauing vnto it the Haberianas foure or fiue little Ilands There is also much Ginger gathered in this Iland which is a Root like vnto Madder or Saffron which the Portugals brought from the East to this Iland of Barlouento The Ilands which are to the North of Saint Iohn Hispaniola and Cuba of which none is inhabited with Spaniards are called the Lucayos One the most Septentrionall is aboue twentie seuen degrees of altitude which is called Lucayoneque or Yucayoneque which hath almost to the West Bahama another Iland in twentie sixe degrees and an halfe of thirteene leagues in length and eight in breadth from whence the Channell of Bahama betweene Florida and the shoales Delos Mimbres taketh the name whereby the Currents of the Sea doe goe so swiâ—t to the North that although the wind be prosperous the ships cannot enter it and although they be contrary they goe with the Currents The shelues of Bimini are so called of an Iland in the middest of them of fiue leagues in length which the first Admirall gaue the name the first time he came to Cuba and it is that which Iohn Paul of Lyon did agree to inhabit Abacoa is another in the middest of the said shelfe of twelue leagues in length Cigateo of twentie fiue Curateo another small Iland in twentie sixe degrees and Guamma fifteene leagues of length and ten in breadth and neere vnto it Guanahani the first Land of the Indies which the first Admirall discouered which he called Saint Sauiour Yuma of twentie leagues and eight in breadth in twentie foure degrees and an halfe which the Admirall named Isabella in honour of the famous Queene Donna Isabella his particular Protectresse and that gaue him this Discouerie Iumeto in twentie three degrees and an halfe fifteene leagues in length to the North of Hispaniola Samana seuen leagues ouer betweene Iumeto and Guanima three square of eight leagues in length in twentie foure degrees Yabaque of ten leagues in twentie two degrees and an halfe Mira-par-vos are three little Ilands in triangle compassed with shelues to the South of Iumeto Mayaguana twentie leagues in length and ten in breadth is twentie three degrees Ynagua of ten leagues in twentie degrees and an halfe The Caycoâ— an Iland of fiue leagues in twentie one degrees and to the North of it is another called Hamaua and another Conciua Maçarey stands in twentie degrees compassed with shelues Abreoiâ— is a
vntill he passed Nombre de Dios. The Officers and Royall treasure are in Margarita and it and the Iland of Cubagua are in eleuen degrees a little more THe Gouernment of Venezuela parteth the bounds in the coast of Terra firme to the East with the new Andaluzia from whence to the Riuer of Hacha and Gouernment of Sancta Martha with which it ioyneth by the West is an hundred and thirty leagues and within the Land about eightie vnto the bounds of the new Kingdome of Granada In this Countrie are vaines of Gold of more then two and twentie carracts and a halfe it is plentifull of Wheate because there is two haruests in the yeare and most abundance of all kinde of Cattle great and small There goeth from this Prouince great store of Meale Bisket Cheese Bacon and much Cotten-linnen and in the port of Guayra in the Prouince of Caracas are laden many Cowe-Hides and Sarsaparilla There is in it eight Spanish Townes and the name Venezuela was giuen it because when the Belzares Almainâ—s went to gouerne in this Prouince the yeare 1528. by a couenant which they made with the Emperour they thought to inhabit in a Rocke and hils that are in the mouth of the Lake of Maracaybo where it falleth in the Sea a Towne which they named Venezuela It stands in 8. degrees a little more and from hence the Couernment tooke the name His first Towne is the Citie of Coro which the Indians call Coriana which commonly they call now Venezuela it stands in 11. degrees of altitude and 79. degrees one third part from the Meridian of Toledo one thousand and fiue hundred leagues from it here the Gouernor is wont to be resident and there is the Cathedrall Church suffragane to the Archbishop of S. Dominicke Iohn of Ampues built first this Citie and then those that went for the Belzares made their abode in it the first was Ambrose Alfinger it is so healthfull and of so good an ayre that there is no neede of Physitians The second place is our Lady of Carualleda in the Prouince of Caracas neere to the Sea East from Coro eightie leagues and with a bad Hauen Don Francisco Faiardo built it the yeare 1560. which went for that purpose from the Margarita S. Iames of Lyon in the same Prouince seuen leagues within the Land and three from Carualleda to the South and sixtie from Coro where at this time the Gouernour is most resident The new Valencia sixtie leagues from Coro and twentie fiue from S. Iames of Lyon seuen from the port of Burburata The Captaine Villacinda peopled it The new Xerez about fifteene leagues almost South from the new Valencia and twentie from the new Segouia and sixtie from Coro to the South-east a new Towne The new Segouias in the Prouince of Bariquizimito twentie leagues from Xerez to the South and tenne from Tucuyo and eightie from Coro to the South-east where the Officers royall the Gouernour and the Lieuetenant are resident at times Iohn of Villegas peopled it in the yeare 1552. The Citie of Tucuyo is famous because in it they slew the tyrant Lope of Aguirre it stands tenne leagues from Segouia to the South-west eightie fiue from Coro it is the habitation of the Captaine Caruajal Truxillo or our Ladie of Peace in the Prouince of Cuycas about eightie leagues almost to the South direct from Coro somewhat to the East and twentie fiue from Tucuyo directly to the West The Auditor Vallejo discouered this the yeare 1549 the Bacheller Tollosa being Gouernour in it and the yeare 1559. the Captaine Iames Garâ—ia of Paredes inhabited Truxillo and there may be in this Gouernment more then 100000. Indies tributaries and in them are not comprehended from eighteene vnder nor aboue fiftie yeares because the supreme Counsell of the Indies hath prouided that in no place of this Orbe these doe pay tribute and because daily they increase and diminish in number it cannot be said precisely and perfectly how many there are The Lake of Maracaybo which the Castilanes call of our Lady is of fresh water it entreth fortie leagues within the Land from the Sea and hath more then tenne in breadth and eighty in compasse with many Townes vpon his Borders in the end of it entreth a Riuer that descendeth from the new Kingdome of Granada by the which and the Lake Marchandise are transported which came to the new Kingdome of Castile and to other places some of the men of this Lake doe liue in Boates their houses being made in the Trees within the water and at the Border whence it tooke also at the first the name of Venezuela sayling by some parts of this Lake ye can see no Land there enter into it other great Riuers it runneth to the Sea it hath about halfe a league of mouth and in it the shoale and rocks abouesaid The Ports Capes and Points of the coast of this Gouernment and those annexed vnto it are to the West Marcapaâ—a the Vrchila an Iland against the Riuer Oynare neere to another called Rocke of the Ilets and afterward the Cape of the Codera and Puerto Flechardo and the hauen of Sardinas or Pilchers and opposite the I le of Aues or Birds before Burburata a maruellous hauen which the Bachiler Tolosa peopled and is a Scale or Port for the new Kingdome Nueuo Reyno Prouinces of Peru and after that is Gulfo triste and to the North of the Bonayre an Iland of ten leagues in length and eight in breadth and afterward Punta seca and right against it Curacao and a little forward Curacaute foureteene leagues in length right against the Cape of S. Roman to the South of the Iland of Aruba S. Roman entreth twentie leagues into the Sea it standeth twelue from Coro the Indians doe call it Paraguana it lacketh a little to be an Iland it may haue in compasse twenty fiue leagues and more of plaine ground with a Mountaine almost in the middest it is discouered a great way into the Sea There is at the beginning of the Gulfe of Venezuela the entrance and channell of the Lake of Maracaybo and at the entrance of it the Riuer Mitare and to the West the Monkes three little Ilets close by the Point and Cape of Coquibocoa where onely in all the Indies was found waight and touch for the Gold and afterwards the deepe Baye Balua Honda and the Portete the Cape de Vela which the Captaine Alfonsus of Ojeda named when Americo Vespucio went with him the first time much after that the Admirall discouered this coast which stands in 12. degrees somewhat more And there is from the Cape de Vela to the Riuer of Hache eighteene leagues without any stone in them nor water but raine water This Gouernment remained destroyed since the time of the Almaines because they would not inhabit onely seeke to make slaues and to waste the Countrie They called first the Riuer
in the Coast of this Bishopricke on the North Sea is the Riuer of Aluarado where the bounds of the Bishopricke of Guaxaca and the Riuer of Almeria doe ioyne neere to the Riuer of Saint Iohn of Vlua where the Towne of Medellin was built by Andrew of Tapia the yeere 1522. when the Marquesse Don Fernando Cortes sent the said Andrew of Tapia and Gonçalo of Sandeuall to conferre with Christopher of Tapia which had Warrants to take away the Gouernment of New Spaine from the Marquesse and the Factor Salazar and the Ouer-seer Peralmindez dispeopled The Riuer of Almeria springeth in the long Rowe in the Prouinces of Totonaques and Micantle and betweene Mountaynes it goeth into the North Sea and against this Riuer is the Iland of Sacrifices which the Captayne Grijalua gaue the name vnto and the Riuer of Zempoala to the North from Veracruz and vpward the Riuer of Saint Peter and Saint Paul which springeth in the same Rowe and the Riuer of the Cazones Tuspa and Tamiagua neere the Gouernment of Panuco THe Bishopricke of Guaxaca so called by the Prouince wherein it is and Antequera by the Citie where the Cathedrall is resident betweene the Bishopricke of the Angels and the Bishoprickes of the Councell of Guatemala is of one hundred and twentie leagues from the one Sea to the other by the Confines of the Bishopricke of Tlascala and sixtie by the Confines of Chiapa and one hundred in breadth by the Coast of the South Sea and fiftie by the North Sea wherein are included the Prouinces of la Misteca high and low the high fortie leagues from Antequera to the West the low more to the South Sea Iohn Nunnez Sedenno and Fernandâ— of Badaioz inhabited first the Citie of Antequera and after the first Councell of Mexico inhabited it againe the only Iudges therein were Batchelour Iohn Ortiz of Matienzo and Delgadillo which was the first that as a man of Granada began to breed Silke in Mexico The President and Gouernour the Bishop Don Sebastian Ramirez began the Cathedrall Church the beginning of the good of those Kingdomes the Church hath all the Pillers of Marble of one piece very great and bigge and the Citie hath about foure hundred Spanish Housholds This Valley of Guaxaca from whence the Marquesse of the Valley taketh his Title beginneth from the Mountayne of Cocola in the bound of Guaxoloticlan In it is gathered much Silke Corne and Millet it hath the Zapoteca Tongue There hath beene in it good Mynes of Gold The situation of the Citie of Antequera which as hath beene said they call Guaxaca was inhabited with people of Mexico which lay in Garrison by order of the second Motezuma and the many Garrisons that the Kings of Mexico had through their Empire made general in it the Mexican Tongue The Riuer of this Citie doth sinke vnder the ground against Cimatlan and riseth two leagues off at the Mountaynes of Coatlan other two from Guaxaca and at a halfe a league from the Citie right against a Hill that stands to the North is a point of a little Hill and there goeth a glade of a Valley all plaine for the space of eight leagues which is the abouesaid faire Valley of Guaxaca pleasant and temperate and of a most healthfull Ayre where plentifully are gathered all kind of things and especially fruits of Castile most pleasant To the South-west stands the Prouince of Tutepeque which hath many Townes by the Sea-coast and is of more then sixtie leagues and that of the Riuer of Aluarado betweene the North and North-east and that of the Zapotecas to the North-east from Antequera and Guazacoaloco in the Confines of Tabasco all rough Countrey notwithstanding the rich Mynes of Gold little is gotten because of the roughnesse There are foure Spanish Townes The said Citie of Antequera is eightie leagues from Mexico to the South-east in the high way of Chiapa and Guatemala and the first that entred to pacifie this Prouince was Iohn Nunnez of Mercado the yeere 1522. by Commission of Don Fernando Cortes and from thence were men of War sent to serue the King Quantimoc in the defence of Mexico when Don Fernando Cortes subdued it The Treasurer Alfonso of Estrada when he did gouerne in Mexico inhabited the Village of Saint Alifonso de los Sapotecas twentie leagues from Antequera toward the North-east They liue in it by Gold Cotton-wooll and Millet there are aboue thirtie thousand Indians tributaries It stands betweene most high Hils Saint Iago de Nexapa is in the Valley of Nexapa twentie leagues from Antequera to the East in the way of Chiapa and Guatemala The Village of the Holy Ghost in the Prouince of Guazacoalco at the Coast of the North Sea in the Confines of Tabasco is ninetie leagues from Antequera Gonçalo of Sandouall inhabited it in the yeere 1522. It hath about fiftie Townes of Indians it stands on the border of the Riuer on the side of Chiapa this Riuer springeth in the Mountaynes of the Mixes and Choutales neere to Tecoaâ—tepeque and with the waters of the Neighbour Prouinces of Chiapa and the Choutales it goeth into the North Sea there enter into it ships of one hundred tun In all this Bishopricke there is no Riuer that doth not yeeld Gold and the Indians doe liue without want if they will worke for they lacke nothing for backe nor belly and they haue the Cacao a Fruit like Almonds which serueth for Money and they make Wine of it and it is eaten tosted and is held for a great sustenance They are wholsome Countreyes and pleasant The Silke was before nourished by the Castilians with the Mulberie Trees of the Countrey wherewith the Indians serued themselues for to make Paper of the second barke and the Spaniards haue planted so many of Castile that they grow infinitely and if the Indians did pay tithe of it and of other things fiue Bishoprickes might be made but none doe pay tithe but the Castilians onely This Bishopricke hath three hundred and fiftie Head-townes of Indians and in them and in three hundred Granges of more then an hundred fifty thousand tributary Indians one hundred and twentie Monasteries of Dominicke Friers and the rest Schooles of Priests for Doctrine The Coast of the North Sea of this Bâ—shopricke beginneth in the Riuer of Aluarado that commeth from the Mountaynes of the Zapotecas and betweene many other it goeth to the Prouince of Chinautla and crossing ouerthwart the Mountaynes whence it sprung goeth out into the North Sea betweene the Riuer of Guazacoalco and Saint Iohn of Vlua and there is also the Riuer called Agualulco whose mouth may serue for a Hauen and the diuided Rocke a point of the Land that commeth from the Mountaynes of Saint Martine named by ships that haue bin lost vpon a shoale full of Rockes vnder water which lye along the Coast right against them in the Coast of the South
the Purification to the South-west from Guadalaiara and thirtie leagues from it neere the port of the Natiuitie in the confines of the bounds of this Counsell and of that of Mexico in a very hot and sickly Countrie and vnto the end of the yeare 1531. Nunno of Guzman discouered one hundred and fiftie leagues of Land by the Coast of Xalisco which stand in somewhat more then 22. degrees In the Prouince of the Zacatecas are rich mines of Siluer and want of Water Corne and Millet there are three Townes of Spaniards and foure Camps appointed of mines those which they call of the Zacatecas are the principall fortie leagues from Guadalaxara to the North and eightie from Mexico wherein are ordinarie more then fiue hundred Spaniards fiue hundred Slaues one thousand Horses and Mules and one Monasterie of Franciscane Fryers and there is resident alwayes one of the Officers Royall of Guadalaiara In this Prouince also are the Mines of Auinyo in the confines of the Zacatecas and those of Saint Martin seuen and twentie leagues from the Zacatecas to the North-west wherein are wont to be about foure hundred Spaniards and Xerez of the Frontier thirtie leagues from Guadalaxara to the North and tenne from the mines of the Zacatecas in the way to them There are besides these other Reales or Campes whereof no mention is made because they are so famous The Village of the Erena the Mines called of the little Hat are fiue and twenty leagues from Zacatecas to the North-west neere to those of Saint Martin and others that are in the limits The Village of Nombre de Dios is sixtie eight leagues from the Citie of Guadalaiara and tenne from the Mines of Saint Martin to the North with a Monasterie of Franciscan Friers aboundant in Corne and Millet and good Mines in his Borders The Village of Durango in the Borders of the Mines of Saint Martin and the Valley of Saint Saluador eight leagues from Nombre de Dios a wholesome Countrie many Riuers with whose watering they gathered great store of Corne and Millet and of other Prouisions and in the Borders are the Mines of Saint Luke and a very good Salt-pit And the Indians of this Kingdome in many places were in armes and the Chichimecas and Guachachiles did great hurt in the way of Guadalaiara to the Zacatecas and this warre was very costly and tedious and was ended the Marquesse of Villamanrique being Viceroy The Indians are diuided in this precinct in one hundred and foure partitions or tribes The Prouince of new Bizkie is North-westward from the Zacatecas fiftie leagues from them a Countrie of Prouisions and much Cattell and of good Siluer Mines the Mines of Hindehe are in it of Sancta Barbola and of Saint Iohn and in it is the Prouince of Topia and in this discouery and inhabiting Franciscus Ybarra did many seruices The Prouince of Chiametla twenty leagues broad and long in the Coast of the South Sea about fortie leagues from Xalisco hath Mines of Siluer and in it stands Saint Sebastian a Village of Spaniards which was first of the Counsell of Mexico and it stands in more then 22. degrees Culiacan is a gouernment in the South Sea more to the East and West from Chiametla it is a plentifull Countrie of Victuals and showes of Siluer Mines whereof there is a Campe peopled which they call of the Virgins The Village of Saint Michael eightie leagues from Compostella and one hundred and three from Guadalaiara Nunno of Guzman inhabited it the yeare 1531. The Prouince of Civaloa the last and most Septentrionall of the new Kingdome of Galicia two and fortie leagues from Culiacan one hundred and fiftie from Guadalaiara to the North was a Towne built in it that was called Saint Iohn of Cinaloa of Spaniards and could not be kept This Prouince was discouered Don Antonie of Mendoca being Viceroy in new Spaine and they said there was a Citie seene wrought with stone which they called Granada and that those Indians were warriers and that in the Countrie was great store of Victuals Quibira stands in fortie degrees of a temperate and fruitfull soyle Cibola stands thirtie leagues from Culiacan toward the North and Quibira two hundred from Cibola to the East it is all of poore people for that they haue no Cotten they weare Deere skinnes and of the Countrie Kine which haue a lumpe on the ridge of the backe and long haire in the fore parts the hornes lesser then ours and in them consisteth the greatest part of the sustenance of the people for of the skinne they cloathe and make Shooes and Cords they eate the flesh and make tooles of the bones they haue sundry languages in this Prouince because they communicate little the one with the other California is a great point of the Land that putteth out to the Sea in the vttermost West of new Spaine in two and twentie degrees height from whence it extendeth to the North-west neere about two hundred leagues although of it there is no certaine notice nor of the Ports and Ilands of the Gulfe California which is made betweene the said point and Gulfe of new Spaine which goeth along that way as to the North-west in the which although there be many Riuers Capes and Points and landing-places there is no particular notice had of them because they are not much frequented At the beginning and entrance of this Gulfe are very long and narrow Ilands along the Coast and very close with it which is called the Guayauall that reacheth from the Riuer of our Ladie or of Sebastian of Bora vnto the Riuer of Christmas in Culiacan The Riuer of the Village of Saint Michael is called Ciguatlan and neerer to new Spaine is the Riuer of Pastla and against it the Desart Iland and afterward the Riuer of the Holy Ghost and the port of Xalisco and to the South of the point of California is Annublada or the Cloudie Iland and the Iland of Saint Thomas and the Iland of Flores and another which is called Las Monias IT was first called the Counsell of Guatemala of the confines because it was commanded first to be built in the confines of the Prouinces of Nicaragua and Guatemala without assigning any certaine Towne It hath in length East and West two hundred and fortie leagues and from the Meridian from 84. to 98. of longitude and North and South in breadth one hundred and eightie from 9. to 10. degrees of height vnto eighteene or nineteene in the which are comprehelded the Prouinces of Guatemala Soconusco Chiapa Suchitepeque the Verapaz Honduras and Cacos Saint Sauiour and Saint Michael Nicaragua Chuluteca Taguzgalpa and Costarica and in euery one of these Prouinces they alter in speech and according to the opinion of Religious men it was the worke of the Diuell for to plant dissentions and discord betweene these Nations which were bloody and reuengefull
as many from Saint Iames of Guatemala a moist Countrie and therefore the better for the Millet that in it is gathered twice a yeere and for Wheat There is Cotton wooll and some Cacao and much Fowle of those that giue the coloured feathers for the pictures which the Indians doe make which is a merchandize of this Prouince and the Kings of Mexico carried them from this Prouince which was the most esteemed thing they had and it was iudged for a great sinne to kill these Fowles but to plucke them and to let them flie There is in this Countrie but one Monasterie of Dominicke Friars with one Indian Towne of seuenteene Indian children that are there by order of the religious men for to instruct them the better for before they liued scattered and like sauages and now they liue like Christians and in temporall things politikely In this Prouince there is no Gouernour but a chiefe Iustice prouided by the Councell The Riuer of Zacatula diuideth this Prouince from the Prouince of Guatemala from the which it extendeth vnto the fresh Gulfe whither all the Riuers of it doe runne whereby and by the many falls of waters that descend from most high Hils the Countrie was so moist that the Millet rotted but it is bettered in the temperature since the cutting downe of the Woods it hath many Lions Tigres and Buffes whose flesh the Indians doe eate although it be luscious and soft it is called the Fresh Gulfe for the multitude of the Riuers which on that side doe enter into the Sea The water is fresh and there are exceeding great Fishes and specially the Manati which is the Sea calfe which swimmeth so delicately that being very great he maketh no noyse when hee fleeth he goeth to the Deepe and waxeth angrie and fierce against them that seeke him and giueth great strokes his flesh is very fat like vnto fat beefe THe Prouince and Gouernment of Honduras hath in length East and West by the coast of the North Sea more then one hundred and fiftie leagues and in bredth from the Sea vnto the bounds of Costa Rica and Guatemala in parts eightie it hath many Hills and is plentifull of Millet Wheat and all sorts of Cattell and some Mynes of gold and siluer there is in it sixe Spanish Townes in one Bishopricke and the first Bishop was Friar Iohn of Talauera Prior of Prado of the Order of Saint Ierome of Spaine The Citie of Valladolid in the Indian language is called Comayagua in more then sixteene degrees stands sixtie leagues from Saint Iames of Guatemala to the East and about fortie from the North Sea in it is the Gouernour resident and the Cathedrall since the yeere 1558. when it went from Truxillo whereat first it was and one Monasterie de la Merced The Captaine Alonso of Cacere◠pacified this Countrie by order of Don Peter of Aluarado it stands in the middest of the two Seas and from the one to the other are three and fiftie leagues from the Port de Cauallos or of Horses in the North Sea vnto the Bay of Fonseca in the South Sea and the Inginer Baptista Antoneli visited this way by order from the King because many thought that by it the trafficke of the North Sea was more easie to the South Sea and hee found that it had many inconueniences The Citie of Gracias à Dios is thirtie leagues from Valladolid almost to the West the Captaine Gabriel of Rojas peopled it 1530. for the benefit of the Mynes of gold that were thereabouts and had great encounters with the Indians which assaulted him many times in a Fort that he had But the Gouernours of Honduras and Nicaragua not succouring him by reason of grudges betweene them hee was forced to forsake it And in the yeere 1536. Captaine Gonçalo of Aluarado inhabited this Citie againe The Village of Saint Petro is thirtie leagues from Comayagua to the North somewhat aside to the West and eleuen from the Port of Cauallos where the Officers Royall are resident because the Port of Cauallos is sickly whither the dispatches of the ships doe come The President Don Peter Aluarado built it 1536. The Village of Saint Iohn of the Port de Cauallos is in 15. degrees of altitude eleuen leagues from Saint Peter foure from Comayagua it is inhabited with Factors of the Merchants and with Black-moores because it is an vnwholsome Port for although it be a Bay it is a good one it was called the Port of The Horses because some were cast in the Sea by a storme The Citie of Truxillo is sixtie leagues from Comayagua to the North-east and fortie from the Port of Horses to the East and one from the North Sea the Cathedrall was here the Hauen is called Saint Gil it is good though it be a Bay dead and sheltered where the ships that goe for Guatemala doe touch first Francisco de las Casas began to inhabit this Citie 1524. and because they were all people of Estremadura he called it Truxillo and Don Hernando Cortes ended the inhabiting of it when he went to the Ybueras The Village of Saint George of Olancho is fortie leagues from Comayagua to the East of fortie housholds and in her borders sixteene thousand tributarie Indians and much gold chiefly in the Riuer of Guayape ten leagues from this Towne This Valley of Olancho is very pleasant and profitable and in it was much gold gotten and the Gouernours of Honduras and Nicaragua had in other times great differences for euery one would haue it in his iurisdiction and therefore here it was where Gil Gonçales Dauila tooke one hundred and twentie thousand Pesos of gold of Hernando of Soto and dismissed the people which Pedrarias Dauila had for his defence and here Gabriel of Rojas defended the entrance of Gonçalo of Sandoual for Don Hernando Cortes did send him from Truxillo and here the Indians killed Iohn Grijalua a very famous Captaine and others The coast of this Prouince is all in the North Sea in the Gulfe which they call de Honduras which is all the Sea coast betweene this Prouince and Yucatun to the place where it ioyneth with it by Verapaz where it was called the Gulfe of Guanajos the first Point is of the Ybueras so called because they first found many pompions on the Sea which they call Ybueras in the language of Hispaniola it stands in sixteene degrees of height Neere to the Fresh Gulfe a Port for Guatemala where Saint Gil of Bonauista was built neere to the Cape of Three Points to the East from the Fresh Gulfe and Gil Gonçales Dauila peopled it 1524. And more to the East is the Riuer Piche and Rio Baxo and the Riuer of Vlua by another name Balahama before the Port of Horses which stands in fifteene degrees And afterward the Riuer and Point de la Sal and Triumpho de la Cruz a Cape of three points
no generall tongue that which is most vnderstood is that of the Pauches In the Prouince of the Musos and Colimas which by another name are called Canupeis fiue and twentie leagues in length to the North-west of Bogota a rough Countrie sound plentifull of Pastures Gold and Emeralds there are two Townes the Citie of the Trinitie twentie leagues from Sancta Fe to the North-west which the Captaine Lanchero inhabited the yeere 1582. when hee went to warre with the Indians Moscas a quicke and fearefull Nation and in these bounds stands the rich Mine of the Emeralds with many Indians which yet are peaceable and in the Prouince of Chiagnachi which signifieth Snailes for there be many The Village of Palma in the Colimas of a temper hotter then cold fifteene leagues from Sancta Fe to the North-west the Captaine Don Gutierre of Oualle built it 1572. in the Prouince of Tunia which tooke the name of the Cazique almost to the North direct to that of Bogota and in all like vnto it The Citie of Tunia stands two and twentie leagues from Sancta Fe to the North-east on a high hill a strong scituation for the warre with the Indians There goe out of this Citie aboue two hundred Horse-men and it is the most aboundant of Victuals of all the Borders and there is the greatest Market in all the Realme it hath one Monasterie of Dominicke another of Franciscane Friers The Captaine Gonçalo Xuarez Rondon built it for the President Gonzalo Ximenez of Pulsada The Citie of Pamplona seuenty leagues from Sancta Fe to the North-east hath one Monasterie of Dominick Friers much Gold is gotten in it it hath abundance of Cattle the Bachiller Michael Diaz of Armendariz peopled it The Village of Saint Christopher is thirteene leagues from Pamplona to the North the Captaine Franciscus of Caceres built it neere the Prouince of Grita so called because the Indians came out of the high wayes to shoute and crie after the Spaniards and to kill them little Gold is gotten in it and it hath commoditie for to breede Cattle The Citie of Merida in the bounds of the gouernment of Veneçuela and the New Kingdome fortie leagues from Pamplona to the North-east it is a plentifull Countrie of Mines of Gould and of Wheate The Citie of Belez thirtie leagues from Sancta Fe to the North and fifteene from Tunia hath one Monasterie of Franciscane Fryers the Captaine Goncalo Ximenez Roudou inhabited it It is a Countrie where many thunderboults fell and there fall not so many since the holy Sacrament of the Altar is there abiding it hath one fierie mouth that casteth many stones The Citie of Mariquita of Ybague by another name Saint Sebastian of the Gould is fortie leagues from Sancta Fe to the North-west the Captaine Pedroso peopled it 1551. in certaine Meadowes leaning to the hill the temper is very hot The Citie of Ybague is three hundred leagues from Sancta Fe almost to the West it is the first Towne of the New Realme that doth confine with Popayan the Captaine Andrew Lopez of Galarza peopled it 1551. by commission of the Counsell for to eschew the harmes these Indians did with those of Tocayma and Cartago and for to open the way to the gouernment of Popayan it hath a Monasterie of Dominicke Friers The Citie of the Victorie of the Remedies fiftie leagues from Sancta Fe to the North-west is very rich of Mines The Citie of Saint Iohn of the Plaines fiftie leagues from Sancta Fe to the South is a Countrie of much Gould The Citie of Tudela which the Captaine Peter of Vrsua built by order of the Bachiller Don Michael Diuz of Armendariz was disinhabited because the Indians Moxcas receiued hurt by it And there are of the limits of the Counsell of the new Realme seuen Townes of the gouernment of Popayan Sancta Fe of Antiochia Caramanta Arma Anzerma Cartago Saint Sebastian of the Siluer and Saint Vincent de las Pazes The Merchandize enters this Kingdome by the great Riuer of Magdalene from the Baranca of Malamba of the iurisdiction of Cartagena and the first that sent to discouer this Riuer was Garcia of Lerma Gouernour of Sancta Martha 1531. It entreth into the Sea so broad and strong that at the passing the Ships are wont to be in danger if they goe not somewhat distant for the combat of the current and working of the Sea It hath an Iland in the mouth it is nauigated more then one hundred and fiftie leagues and in more then three hundred it is not waded it commeth from aboue Popayan from two Fountaines that are fortie leagues distant by which ioyning the Riuer is made it was called of Magdalene because on that day was the mouth discouered in 12. degrees of height and six and twenty leagues from Cartagena The Prouince and Gouernment of Sancta Martha in the coast of Terra firme is seuentie leagues in breadth and length betweene Carthagena and the Riuer of Hache it is a plentifull Countrie of Millet and Potatoes much Gould and Copper and some Emeralds and other Stones in it are fiue Spanish Townes and though there be many of the Countrie-men the most are in warre The President Bastidas peopled the Citie of Sancta Martha 1525. neere to the Sea in 10. degrees of latitude and 74. of longitude one thousand foure hundred and twentie leagues from Toledo where is resident the Gouernour and Officers Royall and the Cathedrall suffragan to the New Kingdome The Port is reasonable This Gouernment hath foure Prouinces Pozignay Betona Chimica and Tayrona which signifieth a Forge and with great reason because in that Countrie are an infinite quantitie of diuersitie of Mettals and Stones of great esteeme and value Tenerife stands by the border of Rio Grande or the great Riuer which is that of Magdalene fortie leagues from Sancta Martha to the South-west part by the Sea and part by Land Franciscus Euriques did people it by order of Gonçalo Perez which gouerned in Sancta Martha by Commission of the President Lugo Tamalameque or Village of the Palmes is sixtie fiue leagues from Sancta Martha to the South and twentie from Tenerife two leagues from the Great Riuer the Captaine Bartholomew Dalua peopled it 1561. The Citie of los Reyes in the Valley of Vpari is plentifull of Millet Prouision and Cattle and of much Copper to the South-east of Sancta Martha fiftie leagues from it and thirtie from the Riuer of Hache the Captaine Sanct Anne peopled it by commandement of the Bachellor Michael Diuz La Ramada was built before called first new Salamanca fortie leagues from Sancta Martha to the East and eight from the Riuer of Plate at the ouerflowings of the Snowie Mountaine It stands in the Valley of Vpani where there is as much Copper as Stone The Merchandize of this Gouernment goeth vp to the New
Kingdome by the marsh of this Citie which is eight leagues from it by the Sea and afterward twelue vnto the Barranca of Malambo in the great Riuer Ocanna is also in this Gouernment which the Captaine Franciscus Hernandez inhabited 1572. and was first called Sancte Anne There is in the Coast of this Gouernment the Riuer of Buhia neere Ramada and the Riuer of Piras and that of Palomino where a Captaine of this name was drowned and the Riuer of Don Iames the Ancones of Buritaca and the Cape of Aguia neere Sancta Martha right against the hill of Bonda and the Riuer of Gayra to the West The Prouince and Gouernment of Cartagena in the Coast of Terra firme and the North Sea hath in length East and West from the Riuer of the Magdalene vnto the Riuer of Darien eightie leagues North and South and as many vnto the confines of the New Kingdome though men say it is more in Voyage The Countrie is Mountainous of Hils and Valleys of high Trees rainie and moist the seedes of Castile beare no seede there is no Wheate nor Gould but in some places There is much rozen made in some Mountaines of this Gouernment and Gums arromaticke and other liquors which they get out of the Trees and great quantitie of Sanguis Draconis and a very fragrant balme of great vertues The Citie of Carthagena Iâ—ands neare the Sea two leagues from the Point of Canoa to the West in tenne degrees of latitude and seuentie six of longitude one thousand foure hundred and sixtie leagues from Toledo of more then fiue hundred housholds among them aboue two thousand women In it is resident the Gouernour the Kings Officers treasurie Royall and the Cathedrall suffragan to the New Realme with Monasteries of Dominick and Franciscan Friers The scituation is plain and almost like an Iland the Sea compasseth it on the North side it is a rough coast and very shallow and on the land side it hath an arme of the Sea which reacheth to a Marish which is the Lake of Canapote which ebbeth floweth after the order of the Sea at the same houre and they passe from the Citie to Terra firme by a Bridge and a manner of a Causie which hath about two hundred and fiftie paces The Citie is built on Sand within two fathoms they finde fresh water though sometimes it is vnwholesome not so much as the coast of Nombre de Dios for the ayres in respect of the Marish are wont to cause diseases but for the most part it is wholsome The Hauen is one of the least of the Indies though the great Ships doe ride farre from the Citie It hath at the entrie an Iland like that of Escombrera in Cartagena of Castile whereby they called it Cartagena and the Iland was called Codego now they call it Caxes it hath two leagues in length little more then halfe a league in bredth it was wont to be inhabited with Indian Fishers it hath no water The first that saw Carthagena in the year 1502. was Roderick Bastidas the year 1504. Iuan de la Cosa or Iohn of the Thing went a shore and found Lewes Guerra and they were the first that began the warre with the Indians which were proud and bould and both men and women fought with venomed arrows Afterward returned Alonso of Oieda with Iohn of the Thing for Pilot Maior Americo Vespucio for Mariner some years after Gregorie of Obiedo took vpon him to inhabit Cartagena performed it not The year 1532. went Don Pedro of Eredia born in Madrid and inhabited it and pacified a great part of the Countrie though with labour and cunning because the people were very warlike and there was a woman that before they could take her being about eighteene yeeres old slew with her Bow eight Spaniards The Village of Saint Iames of Tolu is six leagues from the Sea to the South-west of Cartagena two leagues from it part by Sea for by Land it cannot be gone and part by the Marishes and Mountaines It is a sound Countrie of great breedings and tillage and fruits of Castile the President Don Peter of Heredia peopled it The Village of Marie thirtie two leagues from Cartagena to the South is also the inhabiting of Don Peter of Heredia in the yeare 1534. The Village of Sancta Cruz of Mopox is seuentie leagues from Cartagena by the Sea and Riuer of Magdalene neere whose border it stands whereby they goe about more then halfe the way it is not sound being among Quagmires A Captaine of Don Peter of Heredia peopled it 1535. The yeare of 1509. the Bachiller Eusico as hath been said inhabited Sancta Marie the auncient of the Darien which is in this Gouernment forsaking the Village of Saint Sebastian of Bona vista which the same Captaine Alonso de Oieda had inhabited in the furthest place of Vraba afterward the Captain Alonso of Heredia inhabited Saint Sebastian againe for the President his Brother in certaine little hils almost halfe a league from the Sea And in the yeare 1537. the Bachiller Iohn of Vadillo went out of Saint Sebastian with a good number of Souldiours and passing many troubles most rough Mountains thick woods came to the Citie of Antioquia of the gouernment of Popayan there was a Souldior that from theÌ„ce came to the Citie of the Plate in the Charcas which is 1200. leag The Barranca of Malambo which is a Custome house of the iurisdiction of Cartagena thirtie leagues from it on the border of the great Riuer and twenty from Sancta Martha six from the Sea where the Merchandize that are carried by Land to the New Realme are vnloaden from the Barranca are carried vp by the Riuer in Canooes Lower then Nopox entreth the Riuer of Cauca into the Riuer of Magdalene which also springeth about Popayan more toward Cartagena and to the West standeth the Knobbe and the point of Zamba and Butrio del gato or Arbolera and the seuen Cottages and the point of the Canowe two leagues from Cartagena and the point of Ycacos at the entrie of the port right against the Iland of Carex and the point of the Ship in Terra firme at the other lesser entrie of the port and almost to the North is a little Iland which is called Sardina and in the coast of Tolu the Ilands of Baru which are six and at the entrie of the Gulfe of Vraba the six which are called of Saint Bernard right against the Riuer Zenu and more within the Gulfe the strong Iland and the Tortoyse The port of Zenu stands fiue and twenty leagues from Cartagena it is a great Bay that hath his entrance by the East it is secure here they make store of Salt and it tooke the name of the Towne Zenu which standeth on the Riuer In the
it a loyall man to the King by order of the President Don Iames of Almagro which left him for Gouernour of the Prouince when hee went vnto it hauing ended the agreement with the President Don Peter of Aluarado The Riuer Bamba in the Prouince of the Pâ—râ—aes is a Countrie to Castile in the temperature of herbes flowres and other things it is a towne of shepheards it stands fiue and twentie leagues to the South-west of Saint Francisce of Quito the way to the Kings wherein are fortie thousand head of cattell the greatest part sheepe Here the Yugas had certaine Royall houses and here the President Belalcazar had a tedious battaile with the Indians and ouercame them and in this place was the agreement rehearsed of Don Iames of Almagro and Don Peter of Aluarado and in it was the Citie of Quito first built The citie of Cuenca which the Marques of Cauyete commanded to be built being Vice-roy of Piru which by another name is called Bamba one and fiftie leagues from Quito to the South is a Corregidorship prouided of the Vice-roy with one Monasterie of Dominicke another of Franciscan Friars In her iurisdiction are rich mynes of gold some of siluer and rich mynes of quick-siluer copper Iron and Brimstone The citie of Loxa otherwise called la Zarça eightie leagues from the citie of Quito toward the South and thirtie from Cuenca is a Gouernourship prouided by the Vice-roy it hath Monasteries of Saint Dominicke and of Saint Francis it stands in the way from Cuzco to Quito from whence it is eightie leagues in the faire Valley of Cuxibamba betweene two Riuers Captaine Antonie of Mercadillo built it in the yeere 1546. for to pacifie the countrimen which were somewhat disordered The citie of Zamora which is called of the Alcaydes is ninetie leagues from Quito South-eastward hauing passed the Rowe of the Andez it is a Gouernment prouided by the Vice-roy it hath a Monasterie of Franciscans they reape no Wheat because the countrie is very raynie it hath rich Mynes of gold wherin they find graines of foure pound waight and more the Captaine Mercadillo peopled it the yeere 1549. by a couenant with Captaine Benauente It stands twentie leagues from Loxa hauing past the Rowe which diuideth the bankes of the South Sea from the North the Indians did call it Zamora that part of the countrie is called Poroauca which signifieth Indians of warre much gold is gotten there and there hath beene graines brought to his Maiestie of twelue pound waight and there are Salt-pits of salt-water The citie of Iaen is fiue and fiftie leagues from Loxa and thirtie from the Chachapoyas Captaine Iames Palomino built it 1549. in the Prouinces of Chuquimayo in that of Chacaynga The citie of Saint Michael of Piura is in the Prouince of Chila one hundred and twentie leagues from Quito South-eastward and fiue and twentie from the Port of Payta where the bounds of this Councell doth end It is a Gouernment at the prouiding of the Vice-roy it hath one Monasterie of Mercenaries Though in this countrie rayne is holden for a wonder there are good watered grounds that beare good Wheat and Miller and the seedes and fruits of Castile The port of Payta stands in the iurisdiction of this Citie in fiue Southerne degrees which is good great and secure where the ships that goe from Guatemala to Piru doe touch The Marques Don Franciscuâ— Piçarro built it in the yeere 1531. the first of these Kingdomes and where the first Temple was erected in the honour of God and the holy Mother Church of Rome All the Prouince and borders of the Valleys of Tumbez are drie and the high-way of the Ingas passeth through these Valleys of Piura betweene trees and pleasant shadowes and betweene the principall Valley are ioyned two or three Riuers the Citie was built at the first in Tangazala from whence it was remooued because it was a sickly situation and now it stands betweene two Valleys and yet is somewhat sickly especially for the eyes for the great windes and dusts of the Summer and great moistures of the Winter The Citie of Saint Iames of Guayaquil by another name las Culata sixtie leagues from Quito and fifteene from the Sea to the South-west it is a Gouernment prouided by the Vice-roy the President Belalcazar peopled it and many of the Indians hauing rebelled and slaine many Spaniards the Captaine Franciscus of Orellana peopled it againe 1537. it is a most plentifull and pleasant Countrie and hath great store of hony in the hollow places of trees The waters of this Riuer which runne almost vnder the Equinoctiall are thought healthfull for the French disease and other sâ—ch like Many people went to the Riuer to recouer health for the multitude of the rootes of Zarçaparrilla that are in the Riuer it is not very great nor those that run to the South Sea are so bigge as those that runne into the North Sea because they runne but a little way but notwithstanding they are strong and with sudden flouds because they fall from the Mountaine The Indians doe vse many shiâ—ts for to passe them they haue in some places a rope ouer it and a basket on it and the passenger being put into it they pull him from the other side In other Riuers the Indian goeth riding on a trusse or straw and earneth the passenger behinde him in other places they haue a great Net of gourds vpon the which they lay the cloathes and the persons and the Indians fastened with certaine coardes goe swimming and pulling as coach-horses and a thousand other artes they vse for to passe the Riuers The Port of this Citie stands neere vnto it for the Riuer is very broad whereby they bring vp the merchandise from the Sea and they goe by land to Quito The yeere 1568. Captaine Contero planted the citie of Castro in the Valley of Vili the Licentiate Lope Garcia of Castro being Gouernour Vili is in the Prouinces of Bunigando Imdiuono and Gualapa which they call the Prouince of the Emeralds and he went about it from Guayaquil and discouered all these Prouinces from Passao vnto the Riuer of Saint Iohn which entreth into the South Sea The Citie of Puerto Viejo is about eightie leagues from Saint Francis of Quito to the West though not of open way and other fiftie from Saint Iames of Guayaquil whereby yee goe from Quito in her borders stands the Passao which is the first Port of the countrie of Piru and from it and from the Riuer of Saint Iames began the gouernment of the Marques Don Franciscus Piçarro and because this countrie is so neighbour to the Equinoctiall line that it stands in one degree some beleeue it is vnwholsome but in other parts as neere the Line men liue with much health plentie and abundance of all things for the sustenance of man against the opinion of the ancient
seedes The President Belalcazar inhabited this village and here hee beheaded the Marshall George Robledo It stands sixteene leagues from Ancerma the people of the countrie are so butcherly that the quicke are the sepulchre of the dead for it hath beene seene the husband to eate the wife the brother the brother or sister the sonne the father and hauing fatned any captiue the day that they are to eate him they bring him forth with many songs and the Lord commandeth that an Indian doe goe cutting off euery member and so aliue they goe eating him and after the inhabiting of Arma they haue eaten more then eight thousand Indians and some Spaniards haue also suffered this martyrdome The village of Saint Anne of Ancerma is fiftie leagues from Popayan to the North-east in the border of Cauca of the Councell of the new Kingdome gouernment and Bishopricke of Popayan without Cattell or Wheat very much annoyed with thunder-bolts the Captaine George Robledo built it by order of Laurence of Aldana Likewise the men of this countrie are eaters of humane flesh they goe naked they haue no Idols nor any thing to worship there are in this iurisdiction good Mynes of gold the climate is hot and many thunder-bolts doe fall The citie of Cartago fiue and twentie leagues from Popayan about the North-east is of the Councell of the New Realme Gouernment and Bishoprick of Popayan without Wheat or any seedes of Castile it is a temperate and wholesome countrie of little gold it rayneth much they breede no other cattell but Kine and Mares they haue many Mountaines in the which breede many Lions Tigres Beares and Dantas and wilde Boares they haue a Monasterie of Franciscan Friars the Captaine George Robledo inhabited it and it was called Cartaga because all the inhabiters were of Cartagena The village of Timana is fortie leagues from Popayan to the South-east and sixtie from Santa Fe of Bogota and thirtie from the Prouinces of Dorado here is a Lieftenant of the Gouernour which also hath at his charge Saint Sebastian de la Plata the Indians of their borders doe decay for they are so inhumane that in many places they haue publike shambles of men which they take captiue They haue their seate in the beginning of the Valley of Neyua the temper is most hot in their bounds is a Mountaine where they digge the Load-stone and the Indian Paezes are neere and the Pixaos which also are Caribes The Citie of Guadalaiara of Buga is fifteene leagues from Popayan to the North-east is of the bounds of the Councell of Quito and Diocesse of Popayan The Citie of Saint Sebastian of the Plate in the confines of this Gouernment is thirtie fiue leagues from Popayan and thirtie to the South-west from Santa Fe Diocesse of Popayan where are many Mynes of siluer and in her borders twentie foure repartitions it is three leagues from the Port of Onda in the great Riuer of Magdalen where those that come vp from Cartagena doe land it is built in a Plaine neere to the Riuer Guala there are many Earthqâ—akes and in Winter it is more hot then cold The Country-men goe to decay because the Caribes which they call del Rincon do eate them and haue publike shambles of them without any remedie for it and the President Belalcazar built this Citie The Citie of Almaguer is twentie leagues from Popayan to the South-east it is plentifull of Wheate and Millet and other seeds and cattle and it hath Gold the Captaine Alonso of Fuenmayor by order of the Licentiate Brizenyo Gouernour and Iudge of Accounts of Popazan peopled it being seated in a Hill of Zabana and the climate is fresh and the people doe weare Cotton-cloth S. Iohn of Truxillo and by another name Yscauce is thirtie leagues from Popayan to the South-east The Citie of Madrigall or Chapâ—nchica thirtie fiue from Popayan about the South a rough Countrey where they neither reape Wheate nor breed cattell though they gather Millet twice a yeere in their jurisdiction and for the roughnesse of the Countrey the men are euill to pacifie and in this Citie and in the Citie of Agreda and Almaguer are Mynes of Gold Agreda and by another name Malga stands fortie fiue leagues from Popayan to the South-west The Citie of Saint Iohn of the Pasture so called because it is a Countrey of many Pastures it stands fiftie leagues from Popayan about the South-west and as many from Quito about the North-east and in one degree from the Equinoctiall Diocesse of Quito in a good soyle of a good climâ—te and plentifull of Millet and other prouisions with Mynes of Gold In her borders are 24000. Indians of fee which are not Caniballs but of euill visages filthy and simple they had no Idols in the time of their Paganisme they beleeued that after death they should goe to liue in more ioyfull places The Riuer which they call Whoate is betweene Pasta and Popayan it is of a very delicate water and passed this Riuer is the Mountayne whither Gonçalo Piçarro did follow the Vice-roy Blasco Nunyez Vela and vnto the Riuer Augasmayo which is in this Prouince came the King Guaynacapa Beyond the Riuer Caliente or hoâ— Riuer in a Mountayne is a firie mouth that casteth store of smoake and it brake forth in ancient times as the Countreymen doe say The Philosophers being willing to declare what these firie mouthes or Aetnaes are doe say that as in the Earth are places that haue vertue to attract a vaporie substance and to conuert it into water whereof the continuall springs are made there are also places that doe attract to themselues dry and hote exhalations which are conuerted into fire and smoake and with the force of them they cast also another grosse substance which is dissolued into ashes or into stones and these are the fierie mouthes Saint Iohn de Pasto hath Monasteries of Dominicke Franciscan and Mercenarie Friers it is a cold Countrey with abundance of victuals it hath Sugar Mils and many Fruites of the Countrey and of Castile when the Captaine Lawrence of Aldona built it hee called it Villa viciosa de Pasto it stands fortie leagues from the South Sea towards the Iland Gorgoua There hath beene disinhabited or diminished in this Prouince the Citie of Antiochia the Village of Neyua in the Valley of Neyua twentie leagues from Tumana and it was through the rigour of the Indian Paezes and Pixaos and for the Manipos in the Valley of Saldauya and the Citie of Saint Vincent of the Paezes sixtie leagues from Saint Iohn of the Plaines in the confines of Popayan which Domingos Lozano built and the Citie of los Angeles twentie two leagues from Tocayma and nine from Neyua There is in the Coast which this gouernment extendeth on the South Sea from the Cape of Corrientes that stands in fiue degrees Septentrionall from
the Line the Riuer of Solinas betweene the Cape of Corrientes and the Iland of the Palmes in foure degrees one third part and in the Coast that lyeth vnto Gorgoua the Riuer of Saint Iohn among many other which make the Countrey boggie and right against the mouth the Iland of Gorgoua two leagues compasse where Don Franciscus Piçarro was forsaken of all his men with his thirteene companions The Riuer of Saint Lucar and the Riuer of Nicardo before the Riuer of Zedros in two degrees from the Line in which stands the I le del Gallo and after the Port of the Crosse and the point of Manglares where beginneth the Coast of Quito Of the gouernment of the Quixos and Canela there is no more notice but that it falls to the East of the Prouince of Quito and part of the South toward the gouernment of Iohn of Salinas there are in it three Spanish Townes with a Gouernour which the Vice-roy of Piru prouideth and in spirituall respect it is of the Bishopricke of Quito the Countrey is rough and Mountaynous without Wheate and little Mâ—ller with certayne Trees which seeme of Cinamon The first Towne is Baeça eighteene leagues from Saint Francis of Iuito toward the South-east where the Gouernour is Resident the Citie of Archidona is twentie leagues beyond Baeça the Citie of Auila stands to the North of Archidona The gouernment and Prouince of Pacamoros and Gualsango or of Iohn of Salinas whose bounds and limits are one hundred leagues which were assigned him to the East from twentie leagues before the Citie of Zamora in the Rowe of the Andes and as many more North and South It is a good Countrey in temper and disposition for Wheate seeds and cattle of rich Mynes of Gold where they haue pieces of great bignesse there are in it foure Townes of the Bishopricke of Quito for the Captaine Iohn of Salinas did build them The Citie of Valladolid is in seuen degrees height twentie leagues from Loxa to the South-east hauing past the Rowe of Piru the Citie of Loyola or Cumbruania is sixteene leagues to the East from Valladolid the Citie of Saint Iames of the Mountaynes fiftie leagues from Loyola toward the East and in her borders much gold and very high in touch and as touching the gold we need not intreat of his excellencies being holden for the Supreame power in the World It is gotten in these Mynes in three manners The first is in Pippens which are whole pieces without mixture of any other Metall that need not to be purified by fire and these graines commonly are like a Pompeon Seed and sometimes bigger of this gold is found but litle in respect of the rest The second sort is in stone which is a vaine that groweth in the stone it selfe and these stones are found in the gouernment of Iohn of Salinas very great all passed through with gold and some which are halfe Gold the which is found in Pits and Mynes and it is hard to worke The third is gotten in powder and is the greatest quantitie and this is found in Riuers or in places where some streame of water hath passed and the Riuers of these Indies haue many especially in the Kingdoms of Chile Quito New Realme of Granada and in the beginning of the Discoueries there were many in the Weather Ilands The highest in touch is that of Carabaya in the Piru and that of Valdiuia in Chile for it reacheth to twentie three Charracts and an halfe and yet it passeth THat which is called Piru is proper and particularly the bounds of the Councell of los Reyes and is comprehended North and South from sixe vnto seuen Southerne degrees of altitude which are two hundred and twentie leagues though in Voyage they put three hundred from the point del Aguia beyond Payta whereby it ioyneth with the Councell of Quito till passing the Citie and Port of Arequipa where beginneth the Councell of the Charcas East and West The inhabited part of this Councell hath about one hundred leagues from the Coast of the South Sea toward the East whereby her bounds remayne open vnto the Prouinces of the Riuer of Plate and of Brasill that which is from the Rowe where as hath beene said it rayneth continually vnto the Sea they call the Plaines of Piru in the which it neither rayneth nor thundreth because the great height of the Mountain doth shelter the Plaines in such sort that it permitteth no wind from the Earth to blow whereby the Sea wind reigneth which hauing no contrary doth not represse the vapours that doe arise to make raine in sort that the shelter of the Hill hindereth the thickning of the vapours and this want of matter causeth that in that Coast the vapours are so thinne that they make no more then a moyst or dankish mist which is profitable for their sowings which haue not without the mist so much vertue be they neuer so much watered The Countrey is all sandie grounds except the Valleyes which are made by courses of the Riuers that descend from the Mountayne where much Corne is gathered by the waterings Wine Oyle Sugar and the other Seeds and Fruits of Castile and of the Countrey In the skirts and hils sides of the Mountayne are great Pastures and breedings of cattell and the temper variable and as would be desired for the height is cold and the low hot and the middlemost partakers of the extreames as they are more or lesse neere them The gouernment of this Councell and of Quito and of the Charcas is in the charge of the Vice-roy and there are the Townes following in the circuit of this Councell The Citie of the Kings or of Lima because the Valley is so called which was the name of the Cazique and it is the greatest and broadest Valley of all those that are from Tumbez vnto it stands neere the South Sea in twelue degrees of Southerne altitude and eightie two from the Meridian of Toledo distant from it about one thousand eight hundred and twentie leagues by a greater circle it hath aboue three thousand housholds the Marques Don Franciscus Piçarro built it in the beginning of the yeere 1533. because suspecting that the President Don Peter of Aluarado would come downe to the Sea coast when hee went with an Host from Guatemala meanewhile that Don Iames of Aluarado went to resist him to the Prouinces of Quito hee went to intercept him the passages of the Sea Neere this citie on the East side passeth a Riuer from whence all the houses doe take water and their gardens wherein are excellent fruits of Castile and of the Countrie and it is one of the best Climates of the World seeing there is neither famine nor pestilence nor doth it rayne or thunder nor fall there any thunder-bolts or lightnings but the Heauen is alwayes cleere and very faire In this Citie is resident the Vice-roy the Royall Councell an assembly of chiefe Iustices
the Officers of the Kings Rents and treasurie Royall the Tribunall of the holy and generall Inquisition which was founded when the Inquisition of New Spaine was The Inquisitor generall in these Kingdomes was then the Cardinall Don Iames of Espinosa Bishop of Siguença it hauing proceeded with mature deliberation for the augmenting of our holy Catholike Faith and Christian Religion There is also in this Citie an Vniuersitie where very learnedly the Sciences are read and Schooles of diuers languages of the Indians in the which the Fathers of the Companie of Iesus are very diligent to reape fruit in the preaching of the Gospell In this Citie is the Archepiscopall resident whose Suffraganes are the Bishops of Chile Charcas Cuzco Quito Panama Nicaragua and the Riuer of Plate There are three Parishes and fiue Monasteries of the foure Orders and of the Companie of Iesus and two of Nunnes Callao which is her Port is two leagues from it great capable and very good where are store of houses one of Iustice a custome House one Church and one Monasterie of Dominicke Friars here hath beene seeene the Wine and the Water set to coole in the Sea in flaggons whence it is inferred that the Ocean hath the vertue to temper and refresh the ouer-much heate Many doe affirme that in this Citie are twelue thousand Women of all Nations and twentie thousand blacke Moores The Village of Arnedo in the Valley of Chancai is ten leagues from The Kings and halfe a league from the Sea with a Monasterie of Dominicke Friars rich of Vines the Earle of Nieua built it The Village of the Parrilla or Santa is by the Valley where it stands fiftie fiue leagues from The Kings and fifteene from Truxillo neere the Sea neere to a great and faire Riuer with a good Hauen in nine degrees where the ships that saile by the coast of Piru doe touch The Citie of Truxillo is in the Valley of Chimo which Don Iames of Almagro plotted first and afterward the Marqâ—es Don Franciscus Piçarro built it in the yeere 1533. It hath many Vines and fruits of Castile and Wheat it is all watered ground and a wholesome Countrie and there bee great Orchards of Oranges and breeding of Poultrie It stands in seuen degrees and a halfe eightie leagues from Lima neere the Sea with Monasteries of Saint Dominicke Saint Francis and Saint Augustine and another of the Mercenaries and Officers Royall prouided by the Vice-roy and in her bounds about fiftie thousand tributarie Indians in two and fortie repartitions The Port is two leagues off in an open Bay euill and of little securitie The Village of Miraflores is in the Valley of Zana ninetie fiue leagues from the Citie of The Kings to the North side and neere to the Sea The Citie of Chachapoyas or Saint Iohn of the Frontier is about one hundred and twentie leagues from the Citie of The Kings to the North-east it hath one Monasterie of the Mercenaries and another of the Franciscans in her bounds are Wheat Millet and Flaxe many Mynes of gold and more then twentie thousand tributarie Indians which held out valorously a long time against the Ingas but in the end they were ouer-come and for greater quietnesse of the Countrie they carried many of them vnto Cuzco and they inhabited in a Hill which is called Carmenga These are the whitest and best fauoured Indians of all the Indies and the Women very faire The Marshall Alfonsus of Aluarado entred in this Prouince the yeere 1536. by order of the Marques Don Francisco Piçarro and pacified it and built the said Citie in a strong situation called Leuanto and afterward he passed to the Prouince of the Guancas The Citie of Saint Iames of the Valleys or Moyobamba more then one hundred leagues from The Kings North-eastward and fiue and twentie from Saint Iohn of the Frontier stands in a very raynie soile and plentifull of Cattell The Citie of Lion of the Guanuco fiftie leagues from the Citie of The Kings to the North neere the high-way of the Ingas somwhat distant towards the East hath Monasteries of Dominicans Franciscans and Mercenaries and in her bounds thirtie thousand tributarie Indians Anno 1539. for the warre that the Tyrant Yllotopa made to this Prouince the Marques Don Franciscus Piçarro sent Captaine Gomez of Aluarado which built it and afterward it was disinhabited and Peter Barroso reedified it and after the battell of Chupas the Licentiate Vaca de Castro sent Captaine Pedro de Puelles to make an end of the plantation It stands in a good and wholesome situation abundant of victuals and Cattell it hath Mynes of siluer and the people is of good capacitie They reape much Wheat for the Indians haue learned to be good husbandmen for as before in these Indies there was no Wheat nor Barley nor Millet nor Panick nor any seede of the bread of Castile of Europe and they knew other kindes of Graine and Rootes only of the which Mayz or Millet was the principall being found in all the Indies the Countrimen haue since delighted much in it and haue receiued it well in those places where it is gathered because the Mayz is not so strong nor of so much substance as the Wheat it is fatter and hot and engendreth bloud it groweth in Canes and beareth one or two bunches and some Spaniards doe eate it where they haue no other shift The Citie of Guamanga or Saint Iuan of the Victorie sixtie leagues from Lima to the South-east in the way of the Ingas Bishoprick of Cuzco hath Monasteries of Dominicans Franciscans and Mercenaries and one of Nunnes and in her bounds more then thirtie thousand tributarie Indians it is plentifull of Wheate and Wine and rich of siluer Mynes The Marques Don Franciscus Piçarro built this Citie 1539. and placed it the first time in a towne of Indians called Guamanga neere to the great Row of the Andes and left for his Lieftenant the Captaine Francisco de Cardenyas Afterward it was remoued to the Playne where now it is neere to certaine small Hills on the South side and nigh to a Brooke of good water In this Citie are the best houses in Piru of stone and bricke the seate is healthfull without offence of the Sunne the Aire the Deaw or the Moisture or the Heate There are found in her borders certaine great buildings which the Indians say certaine white men with beards which came thither before the Ingas did build much differing from the building of the Ingas the most of the Countrimen of this Countrie are Mitimaes which is to say Transplanted for the Ingas did vse for the greater securitie of the Empire to take from one Prouince the people they did not trust and send them to liue in another Guamanga is sixtie leagues from Cuzco and in the way are the Hills and Playne of Chupas where Vaca de Castro and Don Iames de Almagro
the Countrimen which for being so great warriors haue alwayes beene euill to pacifie and there bee many out in the Mountaines and Breaches of the end of the Rowe the Prouinces of Arauco Tucapel and the Valley of Purâ—n the bounds and borders betweene the Citie of the Conception and los Confines and la Imperial In this Gouernment are eleuen Spanish Townes with a Gouernour placed in the matters of the Gouernment to the Vice-roy and Councell of Piru after the Councell that was in the Countrie was taken away and there is in it two Bishopricks Suffraganes to the Archbishoprick of the Kings In the Bishopricke of Saint Iames are foure Townes The Citie of Saint Iames in the time of the first inhabiting of Chile founded by Captaine Peter of Valdinia it stands in thirtie foure degrees and a quarter of altitude seuentie seuen of longitude one thousand nine hundred and eightie leagues from Toledo by a direct Line fifteene from the Sea and ten beyond the Valley of Chile which they named at the first New Extreame In it is the Cathedrall resident with Monasteries of Dominicke Franciscan and Mercenarie Friars in a plentifull soile of wheat Wine and other things and of very rich Mynes of gold and in her iurisdiction more then eightie thousand Indians in sixe and twentie repartitions This Citie is serued of the Port of Valparayso at the mouth of the Riuer Topocalma which passeth neere vnto it Captaine Valdinia peopled also la Serena in the yeere 1544. neere to a good Hauen it is the first Towne of Spaniards at the enâ—â—ie of Chile sixtie leagues from the Citie of Saint Iames somewhat North-west neere to the Sea in the Valley of Coquimbo with Monasteries of Franciscan and Mercenarie Friars It rayneth in it but three or foure times a yeere and in the Countries before it it neuer rayneth The Port which they call of Coquimbo stands in two and thirtie degrees it is a good Nooke where the ships of Piru doe make a stay In the Prouince of Chucuito which is on the other side of the Rome of the Andes in a cold and barren Countrie doe stand the Citie of Mendoça and of Saint Iohn of the Frontier for Don Garcia of Mendoça peopled them both The Citie of Mendoça is of the same height with Saint Iames about fortie leagues from it of a difficult way for the snow that is in the Andes The Citie of Saint Iohn of the Frontier stands to the South of the Citie of Mendoça In the Bishopricke of the Imperiall are seuen Spanish Townes which are the Citie of the Conception in seuen and thirtie degrees of height seuentie leagues to the South of the Citie of Saint Iames neere to the Sea Peter Valdinia inhabited it in the yeere 1550. The Gouernours are resident in it since the Councell that was there from the yeere 1567. vnto 1574. was taken away There are Monasteries of Dominicans Franciscans and Mercenarie Friarâ— The Port of this Citie stands in a nooke at the shelter of an Iland The Citie of the new village of los Infantes or los Confines Don Garcia of Mendoça peopled it and the Gouernour Villagran commanded it to be called dâ— los Confines It stands sixteene leagues from the Conception to the side of the Streight eight leagues from the Row of the Andes and foure from that which goeth along the Coast. It hath one Monasterie of Dominicans another of Franciscan Friars The warlike Indian come to the bounds of this Citie and the mayne Riuer Biobio by them and others which doe enter into it and the Riuer Ninequeten Peter of Valdinia peopled the Citie of the Imperiall 1â—51 which is in nine and thirtie degrees of height nine and thirtie leagues from the Conception toward the Streights side three leagues from the Sea where the Cathedrall is resident with one Monasterie of Franciscans another of Mercenarie Friars and in her bounds are more then eightie thousand Indians with many other that in her bounds are in armes The Riuer Cauten passeth neere it which is nauigable to the Sea though the Hauen bee not good nor secure Captaine Valdinia peopled also the Rich Village sixteene leagues from Imperiall about the South-eastward and about foure and fortie from the Conception neere to the Snowy Row with one Monasterie of Franciscans another of Mercenaries in a Countrey cold and barren of Bread and Wine The Citie of Valdinia in two leagues off the Sea and fiftie from the Conception to the Streight ward peopled also by Captaine Valdinia with Monasteries of Dominicans Franciscans and Mercenaries in a plentifull Countrie of Wheat and Seedes and in places of good pastures for Cattell and without Vines The merchandize comes vp by the Riuer of Valdinia which passeth neere it and the Port stands in the mouth of it in fortie degrees of height The Citie of Osâ—rno Don Garcia of Mendoça peopled sixtie leagues or more from the Conception to the port of the Streight seuen leagues from the Sea It hath one Monasterie of Dominicans another of Franciscans with another of Nunnes in a cold Countrie scarce of victuals but of much gold and in her bounds two hundred thousand Indians of repartition The Citie of Castro which was inhabited by the Licenciate Lope Garcia de Castro being Gouernour of the Kingdomes of Piru the which is called in the Indian tongue Chilue which is the last of the inhabited in Chile in an Iland of those that are in the Lake of Aucud or Chilue and the Archipelagus stands in three and fortie degrees of altitude one and fortie leagues to the South of Osorno with a Monasterie of Franciscans with twelue thousand Indians of repartition in her bounds for it is an Iland of fiftie leagues in length and from two vntill nine in breadth which the Sea made with other great ones tearing the Land vnto the Row of the Andes It is a mountaynous Countrey and close plentifull of Wheate and of Millet and Mynes of flying Gold on the Strand a thing fewe times or seldome seene The Gouernour Villagran tooke away the name of the Citie which was Cauyete that Don Garcia of Mendoça inhabited and commanded to call it Tucapel and afterward disinhabited it There are in this Gouernment which beginneth in two and twentie degrees the Port and Riuer of Copeapo and to the South of it the Port of Guascoin another Riuer and the Riuer of Coquimbo in two and thirtie degrees and past this the Port of the Cigua in the Riuer and the Port of Quintero at the mouth of the Riuer of Concagua before the Port of Saint Iames or Valparayso and the Port of Topocalma in the Riuer of Maypa and past the Riuer of Maule the Port of the Herradura at the mouth of the Riuer Itata before the Port of the Conception in the great Riuer of Biobio to the North the Iland of Saint Marie right against the State of Aranco and
Cape at the entrie of the Riuer of Plate on the South side IOhn Dias de Solis discouered the Riuer of Plate 1515. and Sebastian Gaboe an English-man going with an Armie by order of the Emperour in pursuit of the Fleete which Frier Garcia de Loaysa Commander had carried to the Ilands of the Malucos and conceiuing hee could not ouertake them he thought good to busie himselfe in something that might be profitable and entred the yeare 29. discouering the Riuer of Plate where he was almost three yeares and being not seconded with relation of that which he had found returned to Castile hauing gone many leagues vp the Riuer he found Plate or Siluer among the Indians of those Countries for in the warres which these Indians had with those of the Kingdomes of Piru they tooke it and from hence it is called the Riuer of Plate for before it was called the Riuer of Solis These Prouinces are ioyned with those of Brasil by the line of the markes they haue no determined bounds but by the Coast of the Sea that falleth to the North and entrance of the Riuer of Plate of the which the Countrie hath taken the name and the mouth of this Riuer may stand sixteene hundred leagues from the Bay of Saint Lucar of Barrameda All these Prouinces are very plentifull of Wheate Wine and Sugar and all other seedes and fruites of Castile doe grow well they haue great Pastures for all sorts of Cattle which haue multiplied infinitely especially the Horses and though they haue beene many yeares without thinking there were any Mines of Gold or of Siluer they haue already found a showe of them and of Copper and Iron and one of very perfect Amathists All these Prouinces are of one Gouernment with title Royall subordained for nearenesse to the Vice-roy of Piru with one Bishopricke wherein are three Spanish Townes and a great multitude of the Countrie men of big bodies and well conditioned And the Townes are the Citie of our Lady of the Assumption the first inhabiting and the head of this Prouince it stands in 25. degrees and a halfe of altitude the Captaine Iohn of Salazar built it by order of the Gouernour Don Peter Mendoça The territory thereof was first called Gurambare it hath Brasil at the right hand two hundred and eightie leagues and in this compasse it hath the Citie Royall at eightie leagues which the Indians call Guayra And on the side of Piru which is East and West it hath at foure hundred and eightie leagues the Citie of la Plata and at two hundred and eightie the Citie of Sancta Cruz de la Sierra or of the Hill which Nuflo of Chanes built To the South side which is toward the Straight of Magelane it hath very great and rich Countries and this Citie stands three hundred leagues from the mouth of the Riuer of Plate built neere to the Riuer Paraguaye on the East side with foure hundred Spanish Housholds and more then three thousand children of those that were borne to them in the Countrie which they call Mestizos in it are resident the Gouernour and Officers Royall and the Cathedrall which is called the Bishopricke of the Plate suffragan to the Archbishoprick of the Kings and in her iurisdiction more then 400000. Indians which doe increase daily Citie Royall was called by another name Ontiueros built by Ruidias de Melgareio it stands eightie leagues from the Assumption North-east toward the Land of Brasil neere to the Riuer Parana it stands in a good soyle of Victuals and Vines and much good Copper and great number of Indians which also doe much increase In this Riuer Parana neere the Citie Royall there is a great fall that no man dare come neere it by Land within two hundred paces for the great noyse and mist of the water and by the Riuer no Canoe nor Boate dare come neere by a league for the furie of the water doth carry it to the fall which is aboue two hundred fadomes off a steep Rock and it is so narrow and the water goeth so close that it seemes ye may throw ouer it with a dart Buenos ayres is a Towne which in old time was disinhabited neere the place where now it is built againe in the Prouince of the Morocotes in the borders of the Riuer of Plate in a plentifull soyle where all things of Castile doe grow very well the Gouernor Don Peter of Mendoça built it 1535. which caused all that which Gabote forsooke to be discouered All this Countrie is commonly plaine for except the Cordilleras or Rowes which are on the Sea coast and may be twentie leagues toward Brasil afterwards compassing all the Countrie toward the Riuer Maranyon and the Rowes of the Kingdomes of Piru all is plaine except some small hils There are knowne in the Coast of these Prouinces from the Land of Brasil vnto the Riuer of Plate fiue or six reasonable Ports the Port of Saint Vincent in 33. degrees height right against Buenabrigo an Iland where the line of the repartition passeth and six leagues to the South the Riuer Vbay and the Port and the Iland de la Cananea in 35. degrees and forward the Riuer de la Barca before the Port of Babia or Riuer of Saint Francis and the Iland of Sancta Catalina by another name the Port of Vera or Port of the Duckes de Peros and the Port of Don Roderigo twentie leagues to the South from Sancta Catalina an Iland 29. degrees and more to the South fiue leagues Close Hauen and fifteene the Inhabited Riuer and as much the Deepe-Bay from this and the Riuer Tiraqueri in 32. degrees and a halfe before the Cape of Saint Marie which is in 35. degrees at the entrie of the Riuer of Plate This Riuer is called in the Indian language Paranaguazu and commonly Parana hath his entrie and mouth in the South Sea from thirtie fiue vnto thirtie six degrees of altitude between the Capes of Saint Marie and Cape Blanke which is from the one to the other about thirtie leagues of mouth and from thence inward other tenne leagues in breadth with many Ilands in the middest and many very great maine Riuers which enter into it by the East and West side vnto the Port of the Kings which is a great Lake called of the Xarayes little lesse then three hundred leagues from the Riuer of Plate where enter many Riuers that come from the skirts of the Andes and they may be of those Riuers that proceede in the Prouinces of the Charcas and Cuzco which runne toward the North whereby entreth another maine arme into the said Lake which hath giuen occasion to thinke that this Riuer doth communicate with the Riuer of Saint Iohn of the Amazones others say that it commeth from the Lake of the Dorado which is fifteene iournies from the Lake of the Xarayes though there be opinions that there is no Darado
the same power In the Prouinces of Nicaragua and the Rich Coast one in the Iland of Cuba one Gouernour and Captaine which is resident in the Citie of Saint Christopher of the Auana there are besides the Gouernours of the Iland of Saint Iohn of Porte-rico Venezuela Soconusco Yucatan Cozuâ—el and Tabasco which is all one gouernment with authoritie to commend the Indians His Maiestie prouideth also the gouernments of Honduras the Margarite Florida new Bisquie Dorado those of the new Realme of Lion and that of Pacanoras Ygualsango which are for terme of life and the same in the Prouinces of Choco Quixos the Cynamom Ilands of Salomon Sancta Cruz of the Hill and the last is that of the new Andalusia Likewise there are prouided by his Maiestie the Rulerships following The Cuzco the Citie of the Plate and the seate of the mynes of Potosi and the prouince of Chicuito the Andes of Cuzco the citie of Truxillo Arrequipa Saint Iames of Guayaquil Guamanga the citie of the Peace Chiquiabo Saint Iohn of the Frontier Lion of Guanuco Old Hauen Zamora the inhabiting of the mynes of the Zacatecas in new Galicia Cuenca Loxa Tunja the citie of Mexico the citie of the Kings the prouince of Nicoya Chiefe Iusticeships are those of the village of Saint Sauiour of the prouince of Guatemala the inward part of Hispaniola Nombre de Dios the village of Chuluteca prouince of the Chiapa Zapotlitan the village of Nata Sancta Marie of the victorie in Tabasco And the chiefe Bayliwickes are in the citie of Saint Dominicke in Mexico in Guadalajara Saint Iames of Guatemala Panama holy Faith of Bogota Saint Francis of Quito the citie of the Kings the Plata In the Cities recited in euery one is a chiefe Bayliefe which hath a voice in Councell as a Ruler and Deputies named for the vse of his Office and in euery Court is another chiefe Bayliefe with facultie to name other two Deputies For the gouernment of the goods Royall are prouided by his Maiestie with the opinion of the supreme Councell of the Indies many Officers Factors Treasurers Tellers and Ouer-seers which all doe giue assurance in Castile and in the Indies of good and faithfull administration and because this new Commonwealth doth augment so much it seemed behoofefull to the seruice of God and of the King to ennoble and authorize it more with placing two Vice-royes one in New Spaine another in the Kingdomes of Piru that in the Kings name they should gouerne and prouide the things belonging to the seruice of God and of the King and to the conuersion and instruction of the Indians sustayning continuing inhabiting and ennobling of the said Kingdomes which experience hath shewed that it hath beene conuenient to the which Vice-royes instructions are giuen very particular of that which is recited and that they may haue in protection the holy office of the Inquisition and with their strong arme to defend and protect it that this conformitie as a fast knot may be the pure and true preseruation of the spirituall and temporall Estate which is the best and truest estate and most according to the Euangelicall estate The Vice-royes are commanded also and likewise the Iudges not to haue houses proper nor to trafficke nor contract nor be serued of the Indians neither haue any Grangeries nor meddle in Armies nor Discoueries that they receiue no guifts nor presents of any person nor borrow mony nor any thing to eate nor pleade nor receiue arbitrements That no Lawyer may plead where his father father in law brother in law cousin or sonne is Iudge That no Vice-roy President Iustice Iudge of the criminall Cases Solicitor nor their children may marry in the Indies That no Gouernours Rulers nor their Deputies may buy Lands nor build Houses nor trafficke in their iurisdiction That they may not farme the Bayliwickes nor Iaylorships nor other offices That no Gouernour Ruler nor chiefe Bayliefe during the time of his office may marry in the bounds of his iurisdiction That no Iudge be prouided for a Ruler neither shall the said Iudges or Bayliefs haue any charge in which they are to make any absence from their offices neither shall any office of iustice be giuen to the sonnes sonne in law brothers in law nor fathers in law of Presidents Iustices nor Solicitors nor to the Officers of the Courts and of the goods Royal neither to seruants nor allied of theirs and the same is commanded the Vice-royes And that none of the abouesaid Ministers doe accept warrant for recoueries nor other things nor serue themselues of the Indians without paying them That no Aduocate Scriueneâ— nor Relator doe dwell in the house of Iudge nor Bayliefe nor the Suiters serue the Iudges That the Iudges of Panama doe not accompanie themselues with the Dealers nor giue leaue to their wiues to accompanie them And that no Iustices of all the Courts shall haue much communication with the Suiters Aduocates nor Atturneys neither in body of a Court to goe to Marriages Funerals nor Spousals except it be a very weighty matter neither visite any Neighbour for any cause That they doe not meddle in matters of the Commonwealth nor any Iustice nor other minister of the Court may haue two offices in it And besides these many other Ordinances and good Lawes which are all concerning administration of iustice ANd because these Catholike Kings haue left nothing which most wisely they haue not prouided for according to their dutie the first thing they command the Vice-royes and all the Ministers in generall and particular is the good vsage of the Indians and their preseruation and the accomplishing of the Orders which are made as touching this for to punish the Offenders with great rigour and as the Indians doe learne the Castillan policie and can complaine and know in what things they receiue wrong for their greater ease it is prouided that they giue no place that the ordinarie writings be made in the suites betweene or with the Indians neither make any delayes as it is wont to happen by the malice of some Aduocates and Atturneys but that summarily they be determined keeping their vses and customes not being manifestly iniust and that by all meanes possible they doe prouide the good and short dispatch of them And hauing notice that in the interpretation of the Indians languages there were some fraudes for to preuent all it was ordayned that euery interpretation be made by two Interpreters which shall not confer both together about that which is controuerted by the Indian and that before they be receiued to the vse of the office they shall take their oath to administer it faithfully and that they receiue no guifts of the Indians suiters nor of others That they doe assist at the Agreements Courts and visitations of the Prisons That in their houses they heare not the Indians but to carry them to the Court. That the Interpreters be not Solicitors not
ibid. 499.50 Foxes black in Groneland 819.40 Frankes why the Westerne Christians are all called so 319.20 in marg Franke tongue spoken in Turkey what it is 140.50 Why so called ibid. in marg Fredericke the second Emperour married our Henry the thirds sister 62.40 Free-Schooles in China 276.1 French Poxe the first beginning of it 996 French Disease and cure common in Island 647.60 Frenoima in Iapon 323.60 Fresh fish pretily carried about in China 179.20 205.50 Fretum Hudson the extent of it Westwardâ— 852.60 And Southwards 853.10 Fretum Dauis discouered 464.1 Fretum Dauis a great Bay no hope of a Northwest passage that way 843.20 Store of Whales there ibid. The latitude 845.1 Freezing violent and incredible 491 Frisland the Ile 610 Frobishers Streights discouered 463.20 Sir Martin Frobishers three Voyages ibid. Frogges in engendring time eaten by the English at Sea 602.1 Frogges men ouercome made to personate them a prety story of it 1017.1 10 Frost in 63. degrees in America in Iuly 611.60 Frost at Midsummer in Groneland 846.30 Frost Iland and Sound in Groneland 820. 826.1 Frozen liquors lose their strength where that strength lies 493.10 Fruits of China 381.30 Fruits of West India there sorts and qualities 995. Those of Europe thrine better there ibid. See 958 961 Fryer Andrew in Tartary and when 16.10 25.10 Fryer Iohn de Plano Carpini in Tartary 17.1 Message and Precepts to the Tartars 60.1.10 His iourney into Tartary Cyprus and Persia 29.10 Fryer Matthew in China 314.30 316.30 Fryer Nicolo Dauicenzâ— and Fryer Guilmo de Tripoli sent for as Preachers into Tartary with Papall authoritie 67.20 They dare not proceed 67.30 Fryer Martine de Herrada goes into China 290 Fryer vnholsome meat to the Canibals 865.49 Fryers of Mugalla shorne and chast 800.1 Fryers quarrels in the West Indies vndid the Country 996.50 Fryers of the Papacie imitated by the Heathen Mexicans 1035 Fryers sent into China 290.40 Their names and company ibid. Their kind vsage in the ship 291 20. And at their landing in China 291.60 292. Their allowance of Diet 293.1 They are carried on mens shoulders 293 60. They receiue Presents of Silke 203.30 294.50 Made to kneele before the Gouernours of China 296.40 298.20 300. They chide with Omaacon about it 301.30 Certificates hanged at their doores 301.40 Carried in Chaires suffered to view the Citties 302.50 Restrained 303.10 Not permitted to see the Vice-roy ibid. Not suffered to buy Bookes of China 303.50 Suspected for Spies 304.1 Discouraged ibid. A Councell called concerning them ibid. Commanded to returne to fetch the Pâ—rat Limahon 305.1 Ships prepared for their departure 305.50 They depart 306 20. Prouisions for their Voyage ibid. 307.20 A storme takes them at Sea 308.309 They recouer toâ— Manilla in the Philippinaes ibid. Fryers in Russia their numbers none admitted but he that brings them some maintenance 448.40 The manner of their inuesting they vow to absteine from marriage flesh their riches and exercise of Merchandise 448.50.60 Their ignorance 449.10 Fryday much obserued in Russia 422.60 Frydayes fasted by them 21â— 1 Except the weeke after Lents 227.50 Fucaes Discoueries of a Passage 850. Ill rewarded in Spaine 850.40 Funerals of the Chinois 393.30 See Buriall and Mournings 99 30 Funerals and mournings of China 367 60. 368.20 181.50 Funerals of the Norwegians 617 20 Funerall Feasts of the old Islanders 664.1 Funerall Rites in Tanguth 75.50 76.1 10 Funerals of the Mexicans 1029.50 continued ten dayes Their Funerall Scutcheons Musicke c. 1030.1.10 Furlongs in China their proportion 341.60 Furniture of the China Houses 392.1 Furres great store 107.1 Where each best 416.10 Furres of Russia 213.60 Paid to the Emperour of Russia 430.20 Furres in Groneland 521.10 Furres and Beauer in New-found-land 586.10 Furres blacke Foxe is best 459.40 Fyrdafylce a Dukedom in Norway 656.40 Fyre where it is not so bright or hote as in other places 74.30 Fyre worshipped in Teray 242.50 Kindled by rubbing of sticks 983 Fyre perpetuall in the Mexican Temples 1014 Fyre put out euery fifty two yeares at Mexico 1050.40 1067.40 Fyres in the Earth in Island the reason 643 Fyres seene after a storme at Sea 728.20 Fyre-blower of Hell 267.1 Fyre-brands frozen 220.60 G GAme of the Prince the Tartars forbidden to destroy 86.20 Ganges the Citie where 49.20 Gardens floating on the waters 1006.40 Garlike much vsed in the Russian Cookerie 457 Gardarsholme a name of Island 654.40 Gates are the strength of the China Cities 301 Gaui a people the posteritie of those that slew Saint Thomas the Apostle they cannot come or be carried neere his Tombe 105.1 Gauil-kind in Russia 422.1 Geese perfect red where 484.50 Thought to be Barnacles ibid. Geese pretily catcht by the Indians 994.40 Gehennon the place of Molochs Sacrifices described 665.30 Geirhildawarta whence so named 654.50 Gelding of Beggars in Island 666 30 Gelding of themselues in Fasting where fed 1035.50 Gâ—nesis 2.6 Naturally expounded 892.20 in marg See also p. 895.40 937.50 Genoesi inhabit Taurica Cheâ—sonesus 635. 636 Geneâ—als in China their pompe 293 10 Gâ—nerals in Ruâ—sia purposely chosen vnmartiall men and why 436.30 How that remedied ibid. His vnder Officers Marshals Colonels and Captaines ibid. Generals of the field enâ—blized in Russia their children write themselues Generals 425.30 Their precedencie ibid. Gentiles where 232.1 30 Gentlemen their Estates in Russia 425.50 Gentlemen in Russia none but Souldiers 435.20 Gentry of Norway described 631 1 Georgians their name is Curgi 49 10 Saint George is the Duke of Muscouies Seale 221.40 Saint Georges Armes is the Hellespont 53.10 George Barkley his trauels 625 50. His going into Denmarke ibid. Into Prussia the Easterlings and Russia 628. Into Poland 629. Into Bohemia Silesia Prussia and backe into England Norway c. 630. His other trauels 631. Dyes at Bantam Georgia called Zorzania 69.50 The King is alwayes called Dauid Melicz ibid. The Inhabitants described 70.1 Georgians ouercome by the Tartars 113.40 Georgia diuided into two kingdoms 110.30 Whence called Alania or Albania ibid. The Cimmerian darknesse in Georgia ibid. Geologers in China 396.1 Germanes forbidden to winter in Island 650.40 Germany when first peopled 662 20 Geta the Riuer on the Frontiers of Cataia the way thither out of Russia 530.10 20 Ghospel expounded at dinner time 218.10 Giants bones found in Peru 889 40 Giants the Iland of them where 992.51 Giants of old in Mexico 1002.1 Giants first Inhabitans of the North 661. Their originall from Canaan Some in Norway Denmarke Suecia Iuitland Island c. ibid. A discourse whence and when they came one lately found fifteene Cubits long ibid. Giants described 261.20 Giazzo the Hauen where 51.40 Giazza in Armenia 66.60 The Merchandise there 69.40 Gideli 311.50 Gilhsidi in Russia wonne from the Tartars 518 Gilan the Prouince 244.30 Gilding Gold fairer with an herbe 972.1 Gilbert a Scottish Captaine his Acts in Russia 764. 770 Ginger where it growes 284.50
Opinion of the Resurrection ibid. Their Kings Buriall place 281.20 Their theeueries in the Borders 314 60. Their Custome to cease vpon the Goods of Strangers deceased 313. 316.10 When They conquered China how long they held it and how expelled See 376.20 Tartars vide Crim Tartars Nagayan Tartars Mordwit Tartars Chicasce Tartars Cheremisse Tartars c. Tatami are Iaponian Mats 326 10 Taurica Chersonesus now Cassaria 53.30 Taurica Chersonesus described from pag. 632. Vnto 643. The length of the banke 636.1 The soyle 636.50 The Seasons Soyle Bounds Originall Princes c. 637. Part belongs to the Turke and part to the Tartars ibid. Taurinum the Citie where 49 40 Tauris in Persia the Merchandise of it 70.40 Taute and Manse Ilanders of Cathaya 34.10 Tayth City in Catay 800.50 Described ibid. Tebeth the Prouince now a Wildernesse 90.20 How Trauellers passe it ibid. They desire Strangers to take their Daughters Mayden-heads 90 40. They are great Negromancers 90.60 And 91 20 Tebet a Tartarian people that for pitty eate their Dead Parents 23.1 They make Cups of their Sculles 23.10 30. They haue much Gold 23.10 Teeth couered with Gold 92 20 Teeth the fume of Quick-siluer makes them fall out 950.1 Telegas or Waggons in the Russian 242.20 Temple of the Sun in the Indies 893.60 Conuerted into a Monastery 895.60 Temple and Statua erected to a Gouernour 328 Temple a most huge one 281 1. With gilded Steeples 265. 267.10 Temples of Peru 1032. Of Mexico described 1033. 1133 40 Temples of Mexico described 1133.30 Their Muniton kept in them 1134.1 Temples of the Mexicans haue Cloysters and Couents 1049 30 Tempests yearely in China and strange ones 198.1.39.60 Tempests cruell ones in the Mountaynes of Cathay 36.20 Layed ibid. Tempests extreme ones in Hispaniola 997.1 Tempests vsuall at the new Moone 256 Tempests raysed by the Deuill 974 60 Tenduch the Prouince of the Tartarian Presbyter Iohn 710.20 Tenerise in the West Indies the scite and distance from Santa Martha Villages about it Mynes c. 885.40 Riuers ibid. Tennis play of the Mexicans the fashion of it 1127.40.50 Tensa the Lords of it command all in Iapon 324.20 They are as Heires apparent 325.40 Tenth of the Spoyles due to the Prince of the Crim Tartars 641 40 Tenths of Wooll the great Cham hath 88.22 Tents the huge number and richnesse of the Tartarian Princes 86.20 Tenure in Capite in Russia 424.10 Tephelis or Tiflis the Georgians chiefe Citie 55.1 Terme for Law suites in Island 650.50 Terzas the Armenian Christians in Persia 400 Testimoniall in the Russes Coffin 218.1 Tezcalipuca the Mexican Idoll his great Festiuall the cause and manner 1047 Thaican or Thracian the Castle where 73.20 Thebeth Chesmir Sensim and Bachfi orders of Southsayers in Tartarie 81.1.20 Theeues their Thumbes cut off 264.50 Theeues how punished in China 204.10 Theeues all the way betwixt the Dominion of the Mogores and Cathay 311.312 c. Theeuerie ignominions to Posteritie 335.40 Theft dispensed withall vpon Confession before the Sacrament 37.20.30 Theodosia or Capha the Citie in Taurica 636.20 Christianitie deâ—ayed there ibid. How farre from Constantinople ibid. Theologie of the Chinois 397 Theodulus of Acon his foolish message to Mangu-Chan 29.10.20 c. Thistles with Stalkes foure inches square in the Indies 897.60 Tholoman the Prouince Gold plentifull there 94.30 Thomas Edge his Voyage 464.60 His returne 466.1 And second Voyage ibid. His second Voyage and Commission 709. His third Voyage 467.10 His Iland ibid. His fourth Voyage ibid. Another Voyage 468.30 Another 469.10 Thomas Perez Ambassadour to China how vsed 267.20 Sir Thomas Button confident to finde the Northwest Passage 848.40 Sir Thomas Smith Embassadour into Russia 747. His stately intertainment puts the Russes out of their Complement ibid. Denies to giue the Copie of his Embassage beforehand 748.10 His Audience ibid. His entertainement 749. His second audience 750.40 Take his leaue and returnes for England 751.20 A message sent to him from Demetrius 759.20 Sir Thomas Smiths Iland 730.10 A barren place ibid. Sir Thomas Smiths Inlet discouered to the furthest end 725.30 Sir Thomas Smiths Sound the Latitude 847 Saint Thomas buryed in Malepur 138.40 Saint Thomas his Tombe stâ—aâ—ge things concerning it 105.1.40.50 Thornsting Prouince in West Island 665.10 Thorro King of Goâ—land c. Made and a God 659.50 Thred made of Indian Nuts and how 71.50 Thred of Conies haire 1132.40 Thred gotten out of a Leafe 557.10 Threshold the Tartars touch not 84.20 Throne a most stately one 279.30 Throne of the King reuerenced in his absence 392.40 Thule whether it bee Island 643.50 Thule is not Island 655.10 But one of the Brittish Iles or Scandia or Tylemarke in Norway 655.50 marg Thunder in 70. Degrees 42. minutes North 580 Thunder worshipped by the Mexicans their odde opinion one 1027.30 Thunderbolts frequent in the West Indies where 885.1.890.40 Thunderbolt one Beast killed with it exempts the Hâ—ard from tribute 87.50 Thursday the Etymâ—n 664.50 Tibaldo de Vesconti di Piacenza the Popes Legate at Acon 67.1 Chosen Pope and called Gregorie the tenth 67.10 Sendeth Preachers into Tartarie ibid. Tiburon the Cape on the West of Hispaniola 859.10 Tickes of the water troublesome in the West Indies their cure 975.10 Tien tautec what in Chinese 201.40 Tiflis the Metropolitan Citie of the Georgians 49.10 Tiger deuoures a man â— story of it 902.50 Tigres their battels with the Crocodile 931 Tigres of the West Indies can distinguish an Indian from a Spaniard 963.30 Tigres of India described how killed a Tigre tamed 991 Tigris the head of it 49.30 Timber how Island is supplyed with 662.40 Timochaim in Persia 70.50 72.20 Tingoesi the people described 527.30.551.40 Speake like Turkie-Cockes ibid. Nations beyond them 528.10 Their dexterity to take Fowle Fish and Venison ibid. See also 530.20 Neere to China 543.60 546 Tingui the Citie 96.40 Tinguigui the Citie Drunkennesse well ouertaken there 97.40 Tinna the chiefe Citie of the Russes in the Samoieds Countrey 526.10 Tinlau a Riuer 257.30 Tipany in Lapland 560.20 Tides in the Sea where none 518.30 Tides a discourse of them 930.1.10.20 c. Tids their Course come from the North 492 Tides the chiefe Argument of the Northwest passage 848.40 Tylemarke in Norway is Thule 655. marg Time of the day finely declared 409 30 Tyras the Riuer Nester in Moldauia 633.1 Tithes payed in Groneland 520.1 Tithes payed in the West Indies 908.50 Titicaca Lake the greatnesse thicknesse of the water sorts of the Fishes and Fowles and the taking of them 932.20 Title of the King of Sweden 771. Of the Emperour of Russia See Russian Emperour or Emperour of Russia of the King of Poland 783.1 Titles the Chinois Ambition of them 393.1 Titles a great Merchandize in Iapon 324.10 Titubul the Citie 291.30 Tlacaellec a valiant Mexican Generall his Acts 1011.1012.1013 c. Winnes a battell onely with Children 1014.10 Refuses the Kingdome 1015. His great Honour Death and Funerall 1016.10 Toade found aliue
Margarit Florida The spring which Iohn Ponce did seeke that renued the old men They of Florida knew neither Gold Siluer nor Monie The Coast of the North vnto the Baccallaos * Or Los Gamos The great Riuer of S. Marie * Laâ— Tortugas Baâ—ia de Carlos The Gulfe of noua Espania The Channell of Bahama Chap. 9. Of the limits of the Councell of Mexico Don Sebastian Ramirez Iudge of Granada goeth for President of S Dominicke Great conformity betweene Don Sebastian Ramirez and Don Hernando Cortes New Spaine m Sc. of the life they led in the Sâ—ewes n From the World Don Sebastian Ramirez brought in the breeding and ploughing Gouernment of Panuco S. Iago de los Valles Los Angelos The Bishop Don Sebastian Ramirez built the Citie of the Angels d Vulcan or Bolcan is a place whence fire issueth as Etna Hecla c Tlascala The Valley of Atlisco famous La Veracruz San Iuan de Vlua * A kinde of Parish or Schoole diuision Spa. partidos de doctrina Chap. 10. Of the Bishoprickes of Guaxaca Mechoacan and Yucatan of the Prouince of Tabasco which is the rest of the bounds described Guaxaca Title of the Marquesse of the Valley Stinking Riuer Tutepeque S. Alifonso of the Zapotecas S. Iames of Nexapa El Espirito Santo Golden Riuers Cacao money and Wine The Indians should pay no Tithes Riuer of Aluarado Guatulco The Bishopricke of Mechoacan Pazcuaro Zinzonza Guanaxâ—ato * Reâ—les Village of S. Michaell The Conception of Salaya The Village of S. Phillip Zacatula Colima Yucatan It was a deuise of those which said the Crosses were found of Latten in Yucatan whereas there neuer was Crosse in the Indies before the Spaniards A Man of 300. yeares old Merida Valladolid Campeche Salamanca Shallow Coasting Tides The Ports and points of this Gouernment a Or Sharpe b Or Bermeia c Or Alacranes A famous worshipping place of the Gentiles in Cozumel * Or take away sleepe Tabasco Riuers of this Prouince Lake of Xicalango Chap. 11. Of the bounds of the Counsel of Guadalaiara Guadalaiara The Holy Ghost Sancta Marie of the Lakes The Chichimecas Sauages Xalisco The Zacatecas The Erena * Or Sombrerece * The Name of God Nueua Vizcaya Chiametla S. Michael Ciualoa Quibira Cibola California Chap. 12. Of the Bounds of the Counsel of S. Iames of Guatemala a Or true Peace b Or Rich coast Guatemala Saint Iames. Saint Saluador The Trinitie Saint Michael Xerez * Or fierie mouthes like Aetna Cacao described Ports of this Gouernment Bottomlesse Lake Soconusco Chiapa * Or true peace Verapaz Picture feathers Golfâ— dulce Manati a fish described Chap. 13. Of Honduras Nicaragua and Costa Rica or the Rich Coast. Honduras * Or of our Lady of the Fâ—uour Visitation of the Inginer Baptista Antoneli of the way of the Port of Cauallos or Horses to the Bay of Fonseca * Thankes bee to God Saint Peter Saint Iohn Truxillo Saint George Valley of Olancho Points and Ports of this Gouernment * Or Shrimpe Babia honda Cabo de Gracias a Dios. Nicaragua * Or rich Coast. Granada Lake of Nicaragua Volcan of Massayatan and Mombacho Segouia Iaen Realeio Ports and Riuers of this coast * De Salinas Bruxelles Costa Rica Aranjuez Cartago Chap. 14. Oâ— the â—ndies of the South A great difference of tâ—mperature in the two rowes of Piru The two rowes doe runne almost 1000. leagues equall Qualities of the Prouince of Collao Quantities of the Countrie of Panama and her bounds Panama Portebello Saint Iames of Nata Acla A strange case of a Lizard Veragua The Conception The Trinitie * Holy Faith Charles The Ports El Escudo a Or Lâ—câ—sts b Las Miras c Or Little Pilcherd d Or Pilchard Chap. 16. The limits of the Counsell of Sancta Fe of Bogota which is the new Kingdome of Granada * Holy Faith Lake of Guatauita Saint Michael Tocayma The Trinitie * Or Flies The Palma Tunia Pamplona * Or Crying Merida Belez Thunderbolts Mariquita Ybague Victorie de los Remedios Saint Iohn of the Plaines * Or Flyes * Or Water-course Rio Grande or Magdâ—len Riuer Sancta Martha Tenerife Tamalameque The Kings a Sancta Ramada Ocanâ—a b Or Yong Pigeon c Or Nookes d Or the Needle Cartagena Citie of Cartagena Amazonian women Valiant Virago Saint Iames of Tolu The Village of Marie * Holy Crosse. Saint Sebastian * Or Water-course The Barranca El Daradâ— Guiana Great Tydes Piru or Peru. The two Rowes of the Indies of the South * Of Magellan The two great wayes of Piru Postes Piru is not all the Indies of the South Los Llanos Las Sierras Diuersitie of nature Chap. 17. Of the Councell of Saint Francis of the Quito * Or Cynamon El Quito Aire and seasons Athanalpa or 〈◊〉 * Friars de la Mâ—râ—ed or our Lady of Grace Riuer Bamba Cuenca Loxa * Or Briar Zamora Iaen Saint Michael of Piura Raine a wonder Payta High-way admirable San Iago de Guayaquil The Riuers that gâ—e to the North Sea are greater then those â—hat goe to the South Sâ—a Hâ—w the riuers are passed in Piru Castro Vili * Or old Porâ— Manta How the Emeralds do grow Ports Points of the coâ—st of this gouernment c Or Nooke d Or Pucâ—e A towne 〈◊〉 blacke Moores e Or white Cape f Or woolues The Giantâ— of the Point of Santa Helena Chap. 18 Of Popayan Quixos Canela Pacamorâ—s and Gualsongo which are 〈◊〉 rest of the bounds of the Councell of Quito The Citie of Popayan Cali. * Or great Cappes Antiochia Caramanta Arma. Canibals Inhumanitie of the Indians of the borders of Arma. Ancerma Cartago * Or Buffes Timana Inhumanitie of these Indians Where the Load-stone is found * Or eaters of humane flesh Buga Saint Sebastian of the Plate c Or Canibals Almaguer d Hisp. Iudge of Residencia Truxillo Agreda Saint Iohn de Pastor Religion What the Aetnaes are and whereof they proceede e Or the ranke Village of Pasture Neyua Saint Vincent The Angels Riuers Capes and Points of the Coast of this gouernment f Or Cedars 〈◊〉 Gualsongo In how many sorts the gold is gotten out in Piru and other places Barleuento Chap. 19. Of the bounds of the Councel or Audience of The Kings or los Reyes Mountaines cause that it rayneth not in the Playnes of Piru h Some are of opinion that all plants and trees are nourished by vapours yea that the vapours of the bloud nourish liuing Creatures So Gen. 2. a mist in Paradise c. The Sunne as Head of the World the Hart as Sunne in the Body causeth nourishment by vapours The Citie of The Kings or los Reyes Such holinesse of faith such meanes to establish it force gluing lips and Lettice together as Acosta complayneth Vniuersitie and Iesuites Sea cooleth Women and Negros Arnedo * Or Gridirâ—ni Truxillo Miraflores Chachapoyas Faire Indians Saint Iames of the Valleys Lion of Guanuco Qualities of the Millet Guamanga Great
the yonger did fight and forward are the buildings of Vilcaf in the high way in Andabaylas eleuen leagues from Guamanga which was the centre of the Ingas and here was the great Temple of the Sunne The Prouince of the Andabaylas is long and hath much tame Cattell and victualls from thence they come to the Riuer of Abancay nine leagues neerer Cuzco where the President Don Iames of Almagro the elder ouerthrew and apprehended Alfonso of Aluarado Generall of the Marques Don Francisco Piçarro There followeth the Riuer of Apurima eight leagues from Passado or the Passage which is very great and then the Hill of Vilcaconga where the said President Almagro ouer-came a great battell of the Indians before he won Cuzco and the Valley of Xaquixaguana is neere betweene two rowes of Hills not broad nor long where the President Pedro la Gasca by the vertue of those valiant and faithfull Captaines Ynojosa Peter of Vaâ—dibia Gabriel of Rojas Alfonsus of Aluarado and others of the which in their place shall be made mention particularly did ouer-throw Gonçalo Piçarro and tooke him and from this Valley to the Citie of Cuzco are fiue leagues and in this Valley they gather great store of Wheat and haue great store of Cattell EIght or ten leagues from the Citie of Guamanga somewhat North-westward are the Mynes of Guancabelica which they call El Assiento de Oropesa where ordinarily are resident more then three hundred Spaniards The Indians did worke in them to take out the red Oaker to paint themselues when in the time of their Paganisme they went to warre which is the Vermillion and the Licenciate Lope Garciae of Castro gouerning in Piru in the yeere 1566. a Portugall called Henrie Garces considering that of the Vermillion the quick-siluer is gotten went to make a triall and found it to be so This metall the Romanes carried from Castile in stone and out of it they got quick-siluer and held it for great riches The Indians knew it not nor minded any more then the vermilion The greatest profit it yeeldeth is to purifie the siluer from the earth Lead and Copper wherewith it groweth it eateth all the other metals and pierceth them as the Tin Iron and Lead and therefore they carry it in leather or vessels of earth Quick-siluer serueth also for other effects and medicinall matters In this seat of Guania Velica is a spring that as it springeth it congealeth in a soft stone of the which they make their houses and the Men or Beasts that doe drinke it die for within the body it conuerteth into a stone In the Bathes that are called of Inga neere the Cuzco are two spouts of water the one neere the other the first is hot and the second cold that it seemeth God did place them there for to temper themselues In the same bounds is a Spring that as it springeth it becomes good and white salt in this place the two great Rowes doe begin to separate themselues and make in the middest a great Champaine ground which is called the Prouince of Collao where are very many Riuers and there is the great Lake of Titicaca and great pasture grounds Though it be a plaine Countrie it hath the same height and distemperature of the Hills it hath no Trees nor Wood the bread that is eaten are rootes that are called Papas which grow also in all Piru it is a healthfull Countrie and much inhabited and multiplieth euery day it hath store of Cattell of all sorts The Lake of Titicaca compasseth eightie leagues and in some places it hath eightie fathom deepe and in this and in the waues are raysed when there is any winde so that it seemeth as a Bay of the Sea from which it stands about sixtie leagues twelue or thirteene Riuers enter into it and many Brookes and from it goeth a Riuer into another Lake which they call the Aulagas which hath no voyding place though because some Eyes of water haue beene seene that vnder ground goe into the Sea it is iudged that it might bee the water of these Lakes did goe opening a way through the entrailes of the Earth vnto the Sea Round about the great Lake are many Townes and in it great Ilands with great Tillage in them and there were the Indians wont to keepe their most precious things for greater securitie The great Citie of Cuzco Seate Royall of the Ingas and Head of their Empire and now of the Kingdomes of Piru by a Title which it hath of it from the Kings of Castile and Lion stands in thirteene degrees and a halfe height seuentie eight of longitude one hundred and fiue and twentie leagues from the Citie of The Kings to the South-east of more then one thousand Spanish housholds the Marques Don Franciscuâ— Piçarro founded it It hath eight Parishes and foure Monasteries of the foure Orders of Saint Dominicke Saint Francis Saint Augustine the Mercenaries and the Companie of Iesus and one of Nunnes Heere is resident the Cathedrall Suffragane to the Archbishopricke of The Kings There goe from this Citie since the time of the Ingas from the Market place foure high wayes towards the foure parts of the world one called Chinchasuyo to the North toward the Playnes and Prouince of Quito another Condesâ—yo to the West toward the Sea the third called Collaosuyo to the South and Chile and the fourth to the East which they call Andesuyo which goeth to the Andes and skirts of the Mountaine It stands in a soile of a good temper moderately fresh and healthfull free from all venemous wormes and plentifull of all things with a thousand kindes of fruits of Castile and smelling herbes and flowres at all times which are of great delight In her iurisdiction is the Valley of Toyma there is great trafficke of Coca and showes of Gold Siluer and Quick-siluer and there may bee in her borders about an hundred thousand tributarie Indians In all the parts of these Indies the Indians haue a great delight in carrying ordinarily in the mouth Rootes Boughes or Herbes and that which they most vse in all Piru is the Coca for as they say they feele little hunger and finde themselues with great vigour chewing it alwaies though it rather seemeth a custome inherited or a vice This is planted and groweth to small trees which are cultiuated and cherished and yeeld a leafe like myrtle and dried they carry it in baskets to sell and much mony is gotten by it In the Valley of Vilcabamâ—a stands Saint Francis of the victorie in Andesuyo between the Row of the Andes about twentie leagues from Cuzco to the East side with a Gouernour prouided by the Vice-roy it is of the Bishopricke of Cuzco in a rough ground and of great Mountaines The village of Saint Iohn del Oro is in the Prouince of Carabaya eightie leagues from Cuzco to the East South-east and thirtie to the East from the Lake
of Collao and it is called del Oro of the Gold for the great store that is in her borders The Citie of Arequipa is in sixteen degrees somewhat more one hundred and thirtie leagues from the Citie of The Kings almost to the South-east as the Coast runneth and sixtie from the Citie of Cuzco of the Bishopricke of Cuzco it hath Monasteries of Dominickâ— Franciscans and Mercenaries it hath fiftie thousand tributarie Indians and is of most pleasant temperature to liue in of all places in Piru They gather in her borders great store of Wine and Wheat The Port is at the entrie of the Riuer Chile which passeth neere the Citie where the merchandize is vnladen Arequipa stands in the Valley of Quilca fourteene leagues from the Sea In her iurisdiction is the Prouince of Condesuyo the Townes of the Hubinas Gollaguâ—â— Chiquiguanita and Quimistaca the Marques Don Francisco Piçarro built it 1534. it is very subiect to earth-quakes as all these Indies especially the Sea coasts In the yeere 1582. there was an earth-quake that almost ruinated this Citie and since there hath beene another and a breaking out of a fierie mouth whereof they tell strange things in the yeere 1586. There was another in the Citie of the Kings the ninth of Iuly which ran one hundred and seuentie leagues in length by the Sea side and fiftie within the Land it spoyled the Citie indangered few people because they went out into the fields and a little after the earth-quake was past the Sea went out of her bounds and entred a great way within the Land fourteene fathom deepe Such another earth-quake was in Quito the next yeere in the Citie of la Paz in the yeere 1581. a great high Rocke fell which tooke vnder it a great many Indian witch trees and the earth which fell did run one league and a halfe In Chile was another great earth-quake that ouer-threw Mountaines and Valleys stopped the Current of the Riuers brought the Sea out of her limits the space of some leagues cast downe whole Townes and slue many men The Philosophers say that the earth-quake proceedeth from the heate of the Sunne and of other celestiall Bodies which not onely doe draw the exhalation to themselues and the vapour of the superficies of the earth but that also which is in the bowels of it which comming out engendreth windes and raynes and if it happen that the earth is so close that the exhalation cannot come out any way then it mooueth from one part to another through the pores of the earth with great violence breaking forth as the powder in a Myne tearing with such a furious rage that it â—enâ—eth the earth where it is and openeth it selfe a way with great furie and so much more furiouâ— it is how much more the exhalation inclosed is greater The Village of Saint Michael de la Ribera is sixe leagues from the Sea in the Valley of Camana one hundred and thirteene leagues from The Kings two and twentie from Arequâ—pa to the part of the Equinoctiall of the Bishopricke of Cuzco The Village of Valverde in the Valley of Yca fiue and thirtie leagues from the Citie of The Kings ten from the Port of Sangalla is of the iurisdiction of The Kings and of the Archbishopricke her borders are plentifull of Wheat Millet and Fruits and of much Wine The Village of Cauyete or of Guarco by the Valley where it stands is distant from The Kings fiue and twentie leagues to the South one league and a halfe from the Sea her bounds are plentifull of bread the best of this Kingdome whence is carried great quantitie of meale to Terra firme Before the comming to this Valley are the Valleys of Chilca and Mala in the first it neuer rayneth neither passeth any Fountaine nor Brooke through it and they thinke of the Wells and it is full of arable grounds and fruits which grow onely by the deaw of the Heauen They catch many Pilcherds in the Sea and with euery graine of Millet they put into the hole where it is sowen one or two of the heads and with that moysture iâ— groweth well In the Valley of Mala Don Iames of Almagro and Don Franciscuâ— Piçarro being in quarrell the father Bouadilla of the Merced or Mercenarie Order as an Arbitrator resolued their differences through this Valley passeth a great Riuer which doth them great pleasure Fiue leagues forward is the Riuer of Guarco in a Valley most plentifull in all things where the Countrimen maintayned the warre foure yeeres against the Ingas and to preserue it they caused to build a Citie and called it Cuzco and erected for the triumph of the victorie a great Fortresse on a Hill that the waues of the Sea doe beate vpon the stayres Sixe leagues from Guarco is the Valley of Chincha famous pleasant and very plentifull where a Monasterie of Dominicke Friars was built in stead of the Temple of the Sunne which the Indians had with the Monasterie of the Virgins Then followeth the Valley of Yca which is no lesse noâ— lesse plentifull going out of the Valleys and Riuers of the Nasca and the principall is called Caâ—amalca where excellent Wines are made They goe from these Valleys to that of Hacari where stands Ocanna Camana and Quilca which is the Port of the Citie of Arequipa and forward are the Valleys o◠〈◊〉 and Tambopalla and the Deylo and them of Tarapaca Riuers and plentifull with good Mynes of siluer and neere the Sea the Indians of the Ilands of The Seales doe carry great store of Fowles dung for their grounds wherewith of a barren they make a plentifull ground There are in the coast of this Councel from the Point del Aguia of the Needle where it ioyneth with that of Quito in sixe degrees of Southerne altitude the Ilands and Ports following two Ilands which they call de Lobos in seuen degrees the one foure leagues from the Coast and the other more to the Sea and forward another called of Saint Rooke to the South-east neere to Pazcamayo and forward Puerto de Mal Abrigo ten leagues before the Port of Truxillo in seuen degrees and a halfe and seuen leagues from the Port of Guanape and of Sanctâ— in nine degrees and fiue leagues from this to the South Porte Fâ—rrâ—l and sixe from it that of Caâ—ma and afterward eight leagues the Port of Guarmey at the mouth of a Riuer and the 〈◊〉 twentie leagues to the South and the Port of Gaura where is a very great Salt pit and after this the Iland of Lima at the entrie of the Port of Collaâ— and twentie leagues to the South the Point of Guarco and one Iland de Lobos Marinos or Seale fisheâ— neere to it and the Point of Chica iâ— fifteene degrees and neere to the Nasca and forward the Point of Saint Laurence in the Valley of Quilca and neere the Riuer of Arequipa and the Creeke of Chulien and