resolv'd to discover the Matter to those Captains and Officers as should be able to defeat him in his Contivance and to that purpose strictly observ'd his Motions For he look'd upon it as a base and unworthy Thing that he who had undergone a good part of the Toils and Hazards of the War for the sake of his Father and Brother should be now left alone as a Prey to the Enemy without all Hopes of Deliverance He inform'd therefore some of the Captains and most considerable Officers of the intended Departure of Agathocles and his Companions the next night Whereupon all the Body forthwith made up to him P. 769. and not onâ—y put a stop to his Voyage but acquainted the common Soldiers how the Plot was laid who being both griev'd and enrag'd together laid hold on him and bound him and so committed him to custody An Anarchy following hereupon there was nothing Agathocles in Bonds by his own Men. but Tumult and Confusion throughout all the Camp And when Night came on a Rumour was spread over the Camp that the Enemy was just falling in amongst them Upon which all were so possess'd with a Panick Fear that having none to Command them every one was preparing to get away at which very time they that had the Custody of the Prince in as great a Consternation as the rest thought that some or Ant. Ch. 305. other call'd them forth who thereupon came out with Agathocles in his Chains along with them at which fight the whole Army were so affected with Pity and Compassion that they cry'd out Unloose him let him go Being freed from his Chains he presently after with a small Attendance stole away He steals out of Africa and took Shipping about * At the setting of the Pleiades or Seven Stars the beginning of October in the Night in Winter-time and away he got And thus to preserve himself forsook his Children whom the Soldiers presently upon the News of their Father's Flight knock'd on the Head and then chose Captains from among themselves and made Peace with the Carthaginians upon these His 2 Sons kill'd by the Soldiers Conditions viz. That the Greeks should receive Three hundred Talents and should restore all the Towns they then held and that all that would might take up Arms Peace made with the Carthaginians with the Carthaginians and receive the usual Pay That the rest should be transported to Sicily and should have Selinunt for their Habitation The greatest part of the Soldiers who were faithful to what they had agreed had all as faithfully perform'd to them But those Cities and Towns that held out in Hopes and Expectations of Relief from Agathocles were all taken by force of Arms whose several Governors the Carthaginians crucifi'd and the rest they bound in Chains and employ'd them to Till and Repair by their own Labours those Parts of the Country that they had before wasted and destroy'd And thus the Carthaginians after they had been harrass'd and vext with a Four Years War recover'd their former Peace and Liberty Ant. Ch. 305. In this Expedition of Agathocles into Africa any one may observe most remarkable Accidents and the Divine Providence in the Punishment inflicted upon his Sons For being routed in Sicily he lost the greatest part of his Army A little time after he overcame the Conquerors with a very inconsiderable Body of Men in Africa In Sicily being thrown out of all the Cities he was coop'd up by a close Siege within the Walls of Syracuse In Africa he gain'd all the Towns except Carthage and closely besieg'd the Carthaginians in that City by which Fortune seem'd to make it her Business to let every one see what Power she had to retrieve those Things that seem'd to be in a desperate Condition But after that Agathocles in the height of his Prosperity had murder'd Opellas against all the Laws of Friendship and Hospitality God made it manifestly apparent that for that piece of Wickedness acted upon that Man whatever happen'd to him afterwards was order'd and dispens'd by his own hand For the very Month and Day of the Month that he kill'd Ophellas and brought over to him all his Army the very Moral 〈◊〉 ‑ 〈◊〉 same Day and Month he again lost both his Sons and his Army And that which is more especially to be observ'd was That God as a just Law-giver inflicted on him a double Ant Ch 305. Punishment for he who had most wickedly destroy'd his Friend was depriv'd of two Sons together even by the Hands of those that came along with Ophellas This Remark ought not to offend those who slight and despise such Providences As for Agathocles as soon as he landed in Sicily by a hasty flight out of Africa he Agathocles 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aegista sent for part of his Forces and march'd to the Consederate City of the Aegestines And being in want of Money exacted the greatest part of the Estates of those that were rich in which Place were Ten thousand Inhabitants This many of them took very heinously and met together in private Cabals But he finding out that the 〈◊〉 were plotting against him he brought most dreadful Calamity upon the City For drawing out all the Poor out of the Town he cut all their Throats upon the Bank of the River Scamander And all those who seem'd to be richer than the rest he put to several P. 770. Tortures to force them to confess how much Money they had For some he broke upon the Wheel others he bound to his Engines of Battery and shot them away like Stones And of others he cut out the Ankle-bones of their Feet and by his cruel and unmerciful Dealing put them to most horrible Torments He invented likewise another sort of Ant. Ch. 305. Punishment not much unlike the Phalerian Bull for he made a Bed of Brâ—â—s exactly after the shape of a Man wherein were several Openings and hollow Places on every side Those that he intended to torment he put into this Bed and then put fire under it and burnt them to Death In this only this Engine differ'd from the Bull. That those that perish'd and were consum'd in those strait and narrow Holes were expos'd to the view of every one He would likewise break in pieces the Ankle-Bones of some of the rich Women with Iron Pincers and cut off the Breasts of others and would sometimes lay a weight of Tiles upon the Loins of Women with Child till he forc'd the Child to leap as it were forcibly out of the Womb. While the Tyrant was in this manner endeavouring to find out all the Wealth every Body had and the whole City was in Terror and Astonishment some burnt themselves and their Houses together and others hang'd themselves And thus Aegesta in one black and doleful Day had the Prime and Flower of her Youth cut off But the young Women and Children the Tyrant transported into
the Persian War by Neoptolemus his Verses Philip's Pride His Murther The Cause of it and how it was done and by whom WHen Pythodorus was chief Governor of Athens and Quintus Publius and Tiberius Olymp. 111. 1. Ant. Ch. 334. An. M. 3609. Aemilius Mamercus were Roman Consuls the Hundred and Eleventh Olympiad was celebrated wherein Cleomentis Cletorius wan the Prize In this Year Philip began the War against the Persians and forthwith sent A taâ—us and Parmenio before into Asia to free the Greek Cities there from Slavery He himself intending to have the Concurrence of the Gods consulted the Oracle at Delphos whether or no he should be victorious over Philip consults the Oracle the King of Persia The Answer was thus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Ox is crown'd when 's end is near at hand To offer him a Man doth ready stand This doubtful Answer Philip constru'd to his own advantage as if the Oracle had expresly foretold that he should lead away the Persian King as a Victim to the Sacrifice But in truth it fell out quite otherwise and by the effect it appear'd that it had a contrary Signification to wit that Philip in a Throng at the time of a Sacred Festival was to be knock'd on the Head like a Bullock crown'd with a Garland for Sacrifice In the mean time he was very jocund as if he had conquer'd Asia already and concluded the Gods were engag'd with him in the Expedition Without delay therefore he offer'd most costly and magnificent Sacrifices and at the same time solemnized the Marriage of his Daughter Cleopatra by Olympias He Marry'd her to Alexander King of Epirus Brother of Olympias Having therefore a desire of a considerable Appearance of Philip's pompous Festivals at the Marriage of his Daughter Cleopatra the Graecians at this Nuptial Festivity conjoin'd with his Religious Sacrifices he made most pompous Preparation for the Entertainment of his Friends and Guests both with Musick Dancing and Feasting To this End he Invited those that were his special Friends and Familiars all over Greece and commanded his Servants and Attendants that they should invite as many Strangers from all Places as were of their own Acquaintance And his main design in all this was that he might assure all the Graecians of his Kindness towards them and testify his Gratitude by these Friendly Entertainments for the Honours conferr'd upon him A vast Concourse of People therefore were got together from all Places to the Solemnity of these Nuptials which were magnificently Solemniz'd at * Or Aegeas Aeges in Macedonia with all sorts of Sports and Plays so that not only Noblemen and Persons of Quality but even many great Cities presented Philip with Crowns of Gold Among the Cities Athens made one and when the Common Cryer with a loud Voice presented the Crown sent from them to Philip he clos'd with this That if any Plotter of Treason against Philip should hereafter slee to Athens for shelter he should be forthwith deliver'd up By this accidental Publication of this Cryer it seem'd to be intimated as it were by some Divine Providence that some piece of Treachery was near at hand to be executed There were several other the like Words as by a Divine Instigation uttered which portended the King's Death There was then at the Festival Neoptolemus the Tragedian Neoptolemus the Poet. remarkable above all others for the Loudness of his Voice and Famous and Eminent in other respects He had commanded him to repeat some Verses which he was ordered to compose especially relating to the Persian Expedition Whereupon he began to recite a Witty Poem proper as he thought to Philip's intended Passage into Asia wherein he set forth the Glory and Greatness of the Persian King and though he was so Famous all the World over yet that Fortune would some time or other bring him down The Poem was thus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Y 're Minds are Higher than the Sky o'er-grown The greatest part of Earth you wish y 're own Houses to Houses join Fools without end You would y 're Lives as well as Lands extend But doleful Death alas Although ye do Creep towards it will gallop unto you Of long Hopes very shortly cut the Clue He added likewise other to the same Sense with these But Philip resting wholly upon these recited his Thoughts were altogether full of his Conquering the King of Persia And he much revolv'd in his Mind the Answer given him by the Oracle which agreed in all Points with the Words of the Tragedian After the Feast for that time was ended and the Sports were to be renew'd the next Day a great number of People in the Night-time flock'd into the Theatre And whereas twelve Images of the Gods amongst other sumptuous Preparations most curiously wrought and richly adorn'd were brought forth in pompous Procession the Image of Philip cloth'd like the Gods in every respect made the Thirteenth hereby arrogating to Philip's Pride himself a Place as if he would be inthron'd among the * There were 12 chief Gods among the Greeks they were call'd Olympii their Names Jupiter Mars Mercury Neptune Vulcan Apollo Juno Vesta Minerva Ceres Diana Venus Vid. Herodotus in Terpsicore Gods The Theatre being now full he himself came forth cloathed in a white Robe his Life-Guard following him at a great Distance designing thereby to evidence it to all that he judg'd himself secure in the Hearts and Affections of the Grecians and therefore stood not in need of the Guard of his Halberteers While he was thus with loud and joyful Acclamations cry'd up as it were to the Stars and the whole Multitude resounded his Praise upon a sudden and beyond all Mens expectation he was treacherously †Phi. murder'd murther'd But for the Clearer and more distinct Understanding of the History in this matter we This was about our 24th of September The manner and occasion of Philip's Murther shall first relate the Causes and Grounds of this Assassination There was one Pausanias a Macedonian of the City call'd Oristis one of the King's Esquires of the Body and for his Beauty dearly belov'd of him This Man taking notice how much another young Youth of the same Name was doted on by Philip fell upon him with very foul and opprobrious Language telling him he was an * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hermaphradite for that he prostituted himself to the Lust of every one that would He resented this Disgrace very ill but conceal'd it for a while Afterwards consulting with Attalus what was to be done for the future he determin'd presently after in an unusual manner to put an end to his own Life For within a while after in a Battel wherein Philip was engag'd against Plurias King of the Illyrians Pausanias in the heat of the Fight interpos'd himself between the
and Herbs Their first way of Living and Colewort Leaves which grew in the Fens and Bogs having first try'd the Taste of them But above all and most commonly they fed upon the Herb call'd Agrostis because it was sweeter than any other and was very nourishing to Mens Bodies And it 's very certain that the Cattel much covet it and grow very fat with it At this Day therefore Superstitious Persons in memory of its usefulness when they Sacrifice to the Gods they worship them with their Hands full of this Herb For they conceive Man from the frame of his Nature and * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from his lightness frothy Constitution to be a watery Creature something resembling the Fenny and Marish Ground and that he hath more need of moist than of dry Food They say the Egyptians afterwards fell to another Course of Diet and that was eating of Fish wherewith they were plentifully supply'd by the River especially after the Inundation when it was return'd within its former Bounds And they eat likewise the Flesh of some Cattel and cloath'd themselves with their Skins That they made their Houses of Reeds of which there are some Marks amongst the Shepherds of Egypt at this day who care for no other Houses but such like which they say serves their turn well enough Afterwards in process of time after many Ages they fell to those Fruits which were made more apt and fit for Mans Food amongst which was Bread made of Lotus which invention some attribute to Isis others to Menas one of the antient Kings The Priests indeed do make †Mercury Hermes the Inventer of all Arts and Sciences but say that their Kings found out all things necessary for the Support of Mens lives and therefore that Kingdoms antiently were not inheritable but given to such as had been most useful and serviceable to the People thereby either to induce their Kings to be kind and beneficial to all their Subjects or for that as most agreeable to the Truth it was a Law registred in their Sacred Records commanding them so to do At the first as some of them i. e. the Priests have fabulously reported the The Kings of Egypt Gods and * Heroes Demy-Gods reign'd in Egypt for the space almost of Eighteen Thousand Years the last of which was Orus the Son of Isis Afterwards they say that Men reign'd there for the space of Fifteen Thousand Years to the Hundred and Eightieth †Ant. Ch. 58. Olympiad at which time I my self came into Egypt in the Reign of * Ptolemy Dionysius the Younger before Christ 58 reign'd with Cleopatra the Year before Christ 49. Ptolemy who took upon him the Name of Dionysius the Younger Most of their Kings were Natives of the Country There were a few in the mean time that were Ethiopians Persians and Macedonians Four of them that were Ethiopians reign'd not in a continued Line but at several times for the space of Thirty Six Years or thereabouts From the time that Cambyses conquer'd the Nation the Persians reign'd for the space of a Hundred Thirty Five Years reckoning the Defections of the Egyptians within the time occasion'd by the intolerable Cruelty of the Governours and their Impiety against the Egyptian Gods Last of all the Macedonians tul'd there for the space of Two Hundred Seventy Six Years The rest of the Princes were Egyptians to the number of Four Hundred and Seventy Men and Five Women The Egyptian Priests keep Registers in their Temples of all their Kings successively from many Generations past to what Greatness and Majesty every one of them arriv'd what were their particular Tempers and Inclinations and their Actions in their several times To write particularly of every one of them as it would be tedious so it would be altogether superfluous inas much as many things concerning them are insignificant and of no use and therefore we have limited our selves to treat only of those Matters that are most remarkable and worthy remembrance After the Gods they say Menas was the First King of Egypt He taught the 1. Menas the First King after the Gods People the Adoration of the Gods and the manner of Divine Worship how to adorn their Beds and Tables with rich Cloaths and Coverings and was the first that brought in a delicate and sumptuous way of Living Many Ages after reign'd Gnephachthus Father of Bocchoris the Wise who leading 2. Gnephachthus an Army into Arabia through many barren and desert Places his Provision fail'd so that for the space of one day he was forc'd to take up with such mean Food as the common People among whom he happen'd then to be could supply him with which he eat so heartily and relisht with so much delight as for the future he forbad all Excess and Luxury and curs'd that King who first brought in that Sumptuous and Luxurious way of Living and this change and alteration of Meat and Drink and Bedding was so delightful to him that he order'd the Curse before mention'd to be enter'd in the Sacred Records in the Temple of Jupiter at Thebes which was the chief Reason why the Fame and Reputation of Menas became to be clouded in future Generations They say the Posterity of Gnephachthus to the number of Fifty Two reign'd for the space of Fourteen Hundred Years in which time there 's found nothing worthy of Remark Afterwards reign'd Busiris and Eight of his Posterity after him the last of 3. Busiris which of the same Name with the First built that great City which the Egyptians call * The City of the Sun Heliopolis the Greeks Thebes it was in Circuit a †About 20 Miles Thebes built Hundred and Forty Furlongs adorn'd with stately publick Buildings magnificent Temples and rich Donations and Revenues to Admiration and that he built all the Private Houses some Four and others Five Stories high And to sum up all in a word made it not only the most beautiful and stateliest City of Egypt but of all others in the World The Fame therefore of the Riches and Grandure of this City was so nois'd abroad in every Place that the Poet Homer takes notice of it in these Words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nor Thebes so much renown'd Hom. Illiad lib. 9. Whose Courts with unexhausted Wealth abound Where through a Hundred Gates with Marble Arch To Battel Twenty Thousand Chariots march Although there are some that say it had not a Hundred Gates but that there were many large Porches to the Temples whence the City was call'd Hecatompylus a Hundred Gates for many Gates Yet that it was certain they had in it Twenty Thousand Chariots of War for there were a Hundred Stables all along the River from Memphis to Thebes towards Lybia each of which were capable to hold Two Hundred Horses the Marks and Signs of which are
these Words viz. The Cure of the Mind Adjoyning to this were the Images of all the Gods of Egypt to every one of whom the King was making Offerings peculiarly belonging to each of them that Osiris and all his Associates who were plac'd at his Feet might understand his Piety towards the Gods and his Righteousness towards Men. Next to the Library was a stately Room wherein were Twenty Beds to eat upon richly adorn'd in this House were the Images of Jupiter and Juno together with the Kings And here it 's suppos'd the King's Body lies inter'd Round the Room are many Apartments wherein are to be seen in curious Painting all the Beasts that are accounted Sacred in Egypt Thence are Ascents to the top of the whole Monument of the Sepulcher which being mounted appears a Border of Gold round the Tomb of Three Hundred Sixty Five Cubits in Compass and a Cubit thick within the Division of every Cubit were the several Days of the Year ingraven with the natural rising and setting of the Stars and their Significations according to the Observations of the Egyptian Astrologers This Border they say was carry'd away by Cambyses and the Persians when he conquer'd Egypt In this manner they describe the Sepulcher of King Osimanduas which seems far to exceed all others both for Magnificence and Curiosity of Workmanship The Thebans boast they were the most antient Philosophers and Astrologers of Astrology of the Thebans any People of the World and the first that found out exact Rules for the improvement both of Philosophy and Astrology the Situation of their Country being such as gave them an Advantage above others more clearly to discern the rising and setting of the Stars And that the Months and Years are best and most properly order'd and dispos'd by them for they measure their Days according to the Motion of the Sun and not of the Moon and account Thirty Days to every Month and add Five Days and a quarter to every Twelve Months and by this means they compleat the whole Year but they add no intercalary Months nor substract any Days as it is the Custom of many of the Greeks But these of Thebes seem most accurately to have observ'd the Eclipses of the Sun and Moon and from them do so manage their Prognostications that they certainly foretel every particular Event The Eighth of this King's Race call'd after the Name of his Father Vchoreus Vchoreus the Builder of Memphis built Memphis the most Famous City of Egypt For he chose the most convenient Place for it in all the Country where Nile divides it self into several Branches and makes that part of the Country call'd Delta so nam'd from the shape of the Greek Letter †δ Delta Delta which it resembles The City being thus conveniently situated at the Head of the River commands all the Shipping that sail up it He built it in Circuit a Hundred and Fifty Furlongs and made it exceeding strong and commodious in this manner For Nile flowing round the City and at the time of its inundation covering all round on the South Side he casts up a mighty Rampart of Earth both for a Defence to the City against the raging of the River and as a Bulwark against an Enemy at Land on every other side likewise he dug a broad and deep Trench which received the violent Surges of the River and fill'd every Place round the Rampart with Water which fortify'd the City to Admiration This Place was so commodiously pitcht upon by the Builder that most of the Kings after him prefer'd it before Thebes and remov'd the Court thence to this Place From that time therefore the Magnificence of Thebes began to decrease and Memphis to increase to the Times of Alexander King of Macedon who built a City call'd after his own Name near the Sea and planted it with Inhabitants Alexandria which all the succeeding Kings of Egypt still made it their business to inlarge For some so beautify'd it with Royal Palaces some with Ports and Arsenals and others with magnificent Buildings and rich Donations that it 's judg'd by most to be Second if not the first City of the whole World But we shall treat of this particularly in its proper Time and Place But the Builder of Memphis after he had finish'd the Rampart and Trench built Palaces not inferior to others built elsewhere yet much below the state and grandure of the former Kings For the Inhabitants of this Country little value the short time of this present Life but put an high esteem upon the Name and Reputation of a Virtuous Life after Death and they call the Houses of the Living Inns because they stay in them but a little while but the Sepulchers of the Dead they call Everlasting Habitations because they abide in the Graves to infinite Generations Therefore they are not very curious in the building of their Houses but in beautifying their Sepulchers they leave nothing undone that can be thought of Some have thought that the City of which we have but just now spoken was The Name of Egypt so call'd from the Daughter of the Founder and tell a Fabulous Story that the River Nile in the shape of a Bull fell in love with her and begat Egyptus famous among the Inhabitants for his admirable Vertue from whom the whole Country was call'd Egypt for coming to the Crown by Descent he was exceeding kind to his Subjects just and diligent in all his Affairs and therefore was judg'd justly to merit Honour and Esteem from all and for his gracious Disposition generally applauded After the Death of this King and Twelve Descents Miris came to the Crown of Egypt and built a Portico in Memphis towards Miris or Maris his Lake See Herodotus Euterpe lib. 2. c. 149. the North more stately and magnificent than any of the rest And a little above the City he cut a Dyke for a Pond bringing it down in length from the City Three Hundred and Five and Twenty * Ten Schaenes every Schaene 32 Furlongs is about 48 Miles but some say a Schaene is 60 Furlongs then it 's 90 Miles and upwards Furlongs whose use was admirable and the Greatness of the Work incredible They say it was in Circuit Three Thousand and Six Hundred Furlongs and in many Places Three Hundred Foot in depth Who is he therefore that considers the greatness of this Work that may not justly ask the Question How many Ten Thousand Men were imploy'd and how many Years were spent in finishing it Considering the Benefit and Advantage by this great Work brought to the Government none ever sufficiently could extol it according to what the Truth of the thing deserv'd For being that Nile never kept to a certain and constant height in its Inundation and the fruitfulness of the Country ever depended upon its just proportion he dug this Lake to receive such Water as was superfluous that it might neither immoderately
to enter with part of his Army When he saw a competent number enter'd he fell upon them in the open Plain and fought them with that resolution that the Bactrians put the Assyrians to flight and pursuing them to the next Mountains kill'd a Hundred Thousand of their Enemies but after the whole Army enter'd the Bactrians were overpower'd by number and were broken and all fled to their several Cities in order to defend every one his own Country Ninus easily subdu'd all the rest of the Forts and Castles but Bactria it self was so strong and well provided that he could not force it which occasion'd a long and tedious Siege so that the Husband of Semiramis who was there in the King's Camp being Love-sick impatient of being any longer without his Wife sent for her who being both discreet and couragious and indowed with other noble Qualifications readily imbrac'd the opportunity of shewing to the World her own natural Valour and Resolution and that she might with more safety perform so long a Journey she put on such a Garment as whereby she could not be discern'd whether she were a Man or a Woman and so made that by it she both preserv'd her Beauty from being scorcht by the heat in her Journey and likewise was thereby more nimble and ready for any business she pleas'd to undertake being of her self a youthful and sprightly Lady and this sort of Garment was in so high esteem that the Medes afterwards when they came to be Lords of Asia wore Semiramis's Gown and the Persians likewise after them As soon as she came to Bactria and observ'd the manner of the Siege how Assaults were made only in open and plain Places most likely to be enter'd and that none dar'd to approach the Cittadel because of its natural Strength and Fortisication and that they within took more care to defend the lower and weaker parts of the Walls than the Castle where they neglected their Guards she took some with her that were skilful in climbing up the Rocks and with them with much Toyl pass'd over a deep Trench and possess'd her self of part of the Castle whereupon she gave a Signal to them that were assaulting the Wall upon the Plain Then they that were within the City being suddenly struck with a Panick Fear at the taking of the Castle in desperation of making any further defence forsook the Walls The City being taken in this manner the King greatly admir'd the Valour of the Woman and bountifully rewarded her and was presently so passionately affected at the sight of her Beauty that he us'd all the Arguments imaginable to persuade her Husband to bestow his Wife upon him promising him as a Reward of his Kindness to give him his Daughter Sosana in Marriage But he absolutely refus'd upon which the King threatn'd him that if he would not consent he would pluck out his Eyes Menon hereupon out of fear of the King's Threats and overpower'd with the Love of his Wife fell into a distracted Rage and Madness and forthwith hang'd himself And this was the occasion of the advancement of Semiramis to the Regal state and dignity Ninus having now possess'd himself of all the Treasures of Bactria where was abundance of Gold and Silver and settled his Affairs throughout the whole Province of Bactria return'd with his Army to his own Country Afterwards he had a Son by Semiramis call'd Ninyas and dy'd leaving his Wife Queen Regent She bury'd her Husband Ninus in the Royal Palace and rais'd over him a Mount of Earth of a wonderful bigness being Nine Furlongs in height and ten in breadth as Ctesias says So that the City standing in a Plain near to the River Euphrates the Mount many Furlongs off looks like a stately Cittadel And it 's said that it continues to this day though Ninâ—ve was destroy'd by the Medes when they ruin'd the Assyrian Empire Semiramis was naturally of an high aspiring Spirit ambitious to excel all her Predecessors in glorious Actions and Semiramis builds Babylon therefore imploy'd all her Thoughts about the building of a City in the Province of Babylon and to this end having provided Semiramis Reign'd Ann. Mund. 2006 Ant. Chr. 2944. Petavius says Abraham was born in the 24. h Year of her Reign lib. 1. c. 2. Architects Artists and all other Necessaries for the Work She got together Two Millions of Men out of all Parts of the Empire to be imploy'd in the building of the City It was so built as that the River Euphrates ran through the middle of it and she compass'd it round with a Wall of Three Hundred and Sixty Furlongs in Circuit and adorn'd with many stately Turrets and such was the state and grandeur of the Work that the Walls were of that breadth as that Six Chariots abreast might be driven together upon them Their height was such as exceeded all Mens belief that heard of it as Ctesias Cnidius relates But Clitarchus and those who afterwards went over with Alexander into Asia have written that the Walls were in Circuit Three Hundred Sixty Five Furlongs the Queen making them of that Compass to the end that the Furlongs should be as many in number as the Days of the Year They were of Brick cemented with * Bitumen Asphaltes Brimstone in height as Ctesias says Fifty †Orgya is 6 Foot so 50 Crgya's is 100 Yards Orgyas but as some of the later Writers report but Fifty Cubits only and that the Breadth was but a little more than what would allow two Chariots to be driven afront There were Two Hundred and Fifty Turrets in height and thickness proportionable to the largeness of the Wall It is not to be wondred at that there were so few Towers upon a Wall of so great a Circuit being that in many Places round the City there were deep Morasses so that it was judg'd to no purpose to raise Turrets there where they were so naturally fortify'd Between the Wall and the Houses there was a Space left round the City of Two Hundred Foot That the Work might be the more speedily dispatcht to each of her Friends was allotted a Furlong with an allowance of all Expences necessary for their several Parts and commanded all should be finish'd in a Years time which being diligently perfected with the Queen's Approbation she then made a Bridge over the narrowest part of the River Five Furlongs in length laying the Supports and Pillars of the Arches with great Art and Skill in the Bottom of the Water Twelve Foot distance from each other That the Stones might be the more firmly joyn'd they were bound together with Hooks of Iron and the Joints fill'd up with melted Lead And before the Pillars she made and placed Defences with sharp pointed Angles to receive the Water before it beat upon the flat sides of the Pillars which caus'd the Course of the Water to run round by degrees gently and moderately as far as to the broad sides of
young Lamb out of the Kettle to the admiration and astonishment of the young Women who now thinking they might with great assurance depend upon what she promis'd resolv'd to observe her in all her Commands and all of them but Alcetis who out of a pious and natural Affection to her Father would not lay Hands upon him cudgell'd him to Death Whereupon Medea pretended that Vows and Prayers were first to be made to the Moon before his Body was dissected and cast into the Cauldron To which end she carried the Young Ladies with Torches and Fire-brands to the top of the highest part of the Palace where Medea to spin out time mumbled out a long Prayer P. 178. in the language of Colchis that the Argonauts might make the Assault in the mean time who now seeing the Fire from the Turret concluded the King was dispatch'd and therefore in a Body they made hastily to the City where presently mounting over the Walls they enter'd the Palace with their drawn Swords and kill'd the Watch that oppos'd them As soon as Pelias his Daughters were come down to boil their Father unexpectedly seeing Jason with the rest of the Noble Youths his Companions enter'd into the midst of the Palace they grievously cry'd out with exceeding sorrow and lamentation Having now neither power to revenge themselves upon Medea nor time to purge themselves from the horrid fact that by her Delusions they had committed they had forthwith murder'd themselves if Jason pitying their miserable Condition had not prevented them and comforted them with this Consideration that their present Misery was not occasion'd by their own malitious Contrivance but that they were without any Fault of theirs led aside by the deceit of another He promis'd them likewise that their whole family should be civilly and honourably us'd Having therefore call'd together a General Assembly he excus'd what was done and declar'd that he had dealt far more gently with the Authors of those Injuries than they deserv'd and what he had done was far short of what he and his had suffer'd Then he plac'd Acastus the Eldest Son of Pelias upon his Father's Throne and carry'd himself with all due respect to the King's Daughters and in performance of what he had promis'd it 's said he at length marry'd them to the greatest Persons of Quality Alcestis the Eldest he marry'd to Admetus the Thessalian the Son of Pheretes Amphinome to Andraemon the Brother of Leonteus and Eradne to Canas the Prince of Phocis the Son of Cephalus And these were the things afterwards done by Jason Then arriving with the rest of the Heroes in the Isthmos of Peloponesus he there sacrific'd to Neptune and dedicated the Ship Argo to that God Having gain'd the special favour of Creon King of Corinth he was made Free of the City and ever after dwelt among the Corinthians When the Argonauts were preparing every one to return into his own Country they say Hercules made this Proposal Olympick Games instituted by Hercules This was the first Institution But the Olympicks were not an Aera till 460 Years after An. Mund. 3174 in the 37th Year of Vzziah King of Judah before Christ 774. that to obviate the unexpected Blasts and Frowns of Fortune they should enter into an Oath mutually to assist each other whenever any of them stood in need of help and that they should pick out the most remarkable place in Greece for the celebrating of Sports and a General and Solemn Meeting of all the Grecians and that the Games should be celebrated in honour of Jupiter Olympus the greatest of the Gods Upon which the Heroes enter'd into the Association propos'd and left it to Hercules to institute the Games who made choice of the Ground in the Territories of Elis near to the River Alpheus for the General and Solemn Meeting and dedicated the Place to the chiefest of the Gods from whom it was call'd Olympick Having therefore appointed Horse-coursing Wrestling and other Oymnick Sports and ordered their several Prizes and Rewards he sent Messengers to all the Cities to acquaint them with the institution of these Games He was in no small Honour and Repute before upon the account of his Expedition with the Argonauts But this Institution of the Olympick Games much more advanc'd his praise for he was so cry'd up amongst all the Grecians and was so eminently famous in the esteem of most of the Cities that many desir'd to enter into a League of Friendship with him and to stand and fall with him in all Dangers whatsoever His Valour and Military Art was so admir'd by every Body that he presently got together a vast Army with which he went through the whole World desiring to benefit all Mankind Upon which account all unanimously agree that he has attain'd to a state of Immortality But the Poets according to their prodigous P. 179. way of relating matters say that Hercules himself alone and without any Arms perform'd all those famous Actions reported of him But we have before given an Account of all those things that are fabulously related concerning this God And now it remains that we should proceed with the History of Jason It 's said that he and Medea as Man and Wife liv'd together Ten Years in Corinth and of her begat first Two Twins Thessalus and Alcimena and a Third call'd Tisandrus much younger than the other Two During all this time they say Medea was greatly belov'd of her Husband being eminent not only for the excellency of her Beauty but for her Prudence and other Virtuous Qualifications But it 's said that when she grew old and her Beauty began to decay Jason fell in love with Glauces the Daughter of Creon and courted the young Lady to marry her The Father agreed to the Match and appointed a Day but Jason they say first apply'd himself to Medea in order to persuade her to a voluntary Divorce telling her that he did not marry this other Lady out of any aversion or disgust to her but that he might have Children to be Heirs to the Royal Family Hereat the Woman storm'd and appeal'd to the Gods for Revenge the Witnesses of his Oath and Vows However it 's said Jason without any further regard to her marry'd the King's Daughter Medea therefore being commanded to leave the City having only one Day allow'd her by Creon to prepare for her Departure by the Art of Witchcraft she chang'd the Form of her Countenance and enter'd the Palace in the Night and by a Root found out by Cerces her Sister which being kindled was of such a nature as it could not be extinguish'd she set the Palace on Fire And now all being in a Flame Jason sprang out from the Burning and escap'd but Glance and her Father Creon hem'd in on every side by the Fire were both consum'd Some Historians say that Medea's Sons presented the new Bride with poyson'd Plasters which she applying to her self miserably perish'd and her Father
all the rest of the Grecians For he took Three hundred and forty Ships Twenty thousand Prisoners and a vast Sum of Money The Persians greatly perplexed with this dreadful Blow fell a Building a greater Number of Ships than they had before for the great Successes of the Athenians after this struck them with Fear and Terror and from this time the City increas'd both in Wealth and Power and became famous abroad for the Glory of their Arms. The Athenians dedicated the Tenths of the Spoil to their Gods with this Epigram Since Seas from Europe Asia did divide And Mars first rag'd with bloody Hand Among Mankind the Sun hath not espy'd So sad a Fight from Sea or Land From the Phenician Fleet when strongly man'd An Hundred Ships were took these slew Thousands of Medes made Asia sighing stand Sad and oppress'd with th' Armed Crew These were the things done this Year CHAP. XIV A great Earthquake in Sparta the War upon them by the Helots and Missenians PHedon was now Archon of Athens and Lucius Furius Medullinus and Marcus Manlius Vulso Consuls of Rome when a most sad and unexpected Calamity Olym. 77. 4. Ant. Ch. 467. happened to the Spartans for by an Earthquake there not only the Houses were wholly overturn'd but above Twenty thousand Souls buried in the Rubbish A great Earthquake in Sparta The City shak'd for a long time together and many by the violent Fall of the Walls of the Houses miserably perished and the Houshold-goods and Riches of all sorts were by this dreadful Shake swallow'd up Thus were they punished as by some angry Deity taking Vengeance upon their Crimes And were afterwards brought under many other Calamities by the Hands of Men upon the Accounts following The Helots and Missenians inraged not long before against the Lacedemonians The Helots conspire against Sparta bridled their Anger for a time whilst they fear'd the Power and Grandeur of the City of Sparta But when they observ'd that the greatest part of the City and Inhabitants were destroyed by the late Earthquake setting light by them that were left they enter'd into a League and with joint Force made War upon the Spartans But Archidamus King of Sparta by his Prudence had preserv'd many of the Citizens from the late Ruin and with these resolutely goes forth against the Enemy For while the City was in the height of this terrible Convulsion Archidamus suddenly headed his Army and hasten'd into the open Field and commanded the rest to follow him by which means this remnant Ant. Ch. 467. was preserv'd Having then marshal'd his Men he prepared for Battle The Helots with the Missenians in their first Heat with great Confidence march'd against Sparta supposing there was none to make any Defence But when they understood that Archidamus was ready with the Citizens that were left to defend the City and Country they desisted from their Design Afterwards P. 275. from a Fort they had in Missenia they made daily inrodes into Laconia The Spartans send to the Athenians for Aid who furnish'd them with Supplies The War between the Messenians Lacedemonians And at length by their Diligence in procuring Assistance from the rest of their Confederates they got together an Army equal to their Enemies Nay at the beginning of the War they were far superior but afterwards they dismis'd the Athenians in truth suspecting that they favour'd the Messenians but pretending that the Forces of the other Confederates were sufficient for the present Service The Athenians looking upon it as a Slight and an Affront departed grumbling full of Indignation with their Hearts boyling with Revenge against the Lacedemonians which Hatred increased every day more and more and this was the first Cause of the Enmity between the Athenians and the Lacedemonians which afterwards broke out into open Hostility and fill'd the Cities with Cruelty and Bloodshed and all Greece with Misery and Calamity But we shall write of these things distinctly in their due place After this the Lacedemonians with the Forces of their Confederates besieged Ithome In the mean time all the Helots revolted from the Lacedemonians and join'd with the Messenians And now though the War had continued ten Years compleat wasting one another with various Successes yet they could not decide the Controversy CHAP. XV. The War between the Argives and the Mycenians WHen Theaginidas was Archon of Athens and Lucius Emilius Mamercus and An. Mu. 3504. Olymp. 78. 1. Ant. Ch. 466. Lucius Vopiscus Julius Consuls of Rome began the Seventy Eighth Olympiad wherein Parmenidas Possidoniates was Victor At that time the War broke out between the Argives and the Mycenians upon the following Occasion The Mycenians by reason of the ancient Renown and Glory of their Country would never submit to the Government of the Argives as all the rest of the Cities in the Territory of Argos did but were still governed by their own Laws distinct from them of Argos They contended likewise with the Argives concerning the Holy Rights of the Temple of Juno and to have the sole Management of the Nemean Games Besides when the Argives made a Law that none should aid the Lacedemonians at Thermophyle unless the Spartans would relinquish and give up part of their Country to them of Argos they of Mycena only of all the other Cities in the Territories of Argos join'd with the Lacedemonians And lastly they of Argos were jealous lest by the Growth of their Power their ancient Courage should so revive as to contend with them for the Sovereignty For these Reasons they had an evil Eye to the Mycenians and some time not long before had a longing Desire to ruin their City And now they thought a fit Occasion and Opportunity was offer'd them to accomplish what they before design'd in regard the Spartans seemed not to be in a Condition by reason of their late Calamity to aid and assist them To this end they marched against 'em Ante Chr. 466. with a great Army both from Argos and their Confederates and having routed 'em drove 'em within the Walls and besieg'd their City The Mycenians made a stout Defence for a time but wearied out and wasted by Famine the Laccdemonians partly thro' Wars of their own and partly thro' the late Ruins by the Earthquake unable to assist 'em and the help of the other Confederates failing they became a Prey to the Conquerors The Argives made all the Citizens Captives and consecrated a Tenth of the Spoil to God and laid the City even with P. 276. the Ground Such was the End of Mycena a City in former times flourishing Mycena in Greece ruin'd in all Prosperity that had bred and brought up Men famous in their Generations that had been glorious in the World by brave and noble Actions and now lies wast and forsaken unto this day These were the Affairs of this Year CHAP. XVI The Death of Hiero. LYsiatus being Governour or Archon of
Built the City calling it from the Name of the Spring Thurium The City in length contain'd four Streets The first they call'd Heraclea the second Aphrodisiade the third Olympiad the fourth Dionysiad The bredth was divided into three Streets the first call'd Heroa the other Thuria and the last Thurina When all these Streets were fill'd with Houses the City appear'd very compact and beautiful But the Thurians continued not long at Peace amongst Sedition at Thurium themselves for a grievous Sedition and not without some cause began to disturb their Common-wealth For the Sybarites the ancient Inhabitants shar'd all the chief Places of the Magistracy amongst themselves and left only the inferior Ant. Ch. 445. Offices to the new Colonies And the Wives of the antient Citizens were first admitted to Sacrifice before those that were lately brought into the Freedom of the City And besides they ingross'd all the Land next to the City and divided it among themselves and left that which was far off to the new Comers This Fire of Dissention broke out into a devouring Flame insomuch that the new Colony then more powerful than the other destroy'd almost all the ancient Inhabitants and brought the whole City into their own Power But the Country being very Rich and more than was sufficient for them that remain'd they sent for many out of Greece to till and improve the Land amongst whom they divided both the Houses in the City that were destitute of Inhabitants and the Land in the Country The Inhabitants grew very Rich in a short time and entring into League with the Crotonians govern'd their Common-wealth from thenceforth with great Commendation and having setled a Democracy divided the Citizens into ten Tribes and gave them Names according to their several Countries Three that came out of Peloponesus they call'd the Arcadian Achaian and Elean The same Number of them that came from other more remote Parts of Greece they nam'd the Beotian Amphyctonidae and Doridae according to their several Tribes The four residue from other Countries of Greece they call'd the Jadans Athenaidae Enboedae and Islanders Out of the most learned and best accomplish'd Citizens they chose for their Legislator Charonidas who examin'd the Laws of every Country and pickt out of every one what he judged to be the best and digested them all into one Body or Systeme But Charonidas his Laws Ant. Ch. 445. he added many himself of his own Contrivance To rehearse some of which it will not be unprofitable to the Reader And first he institued That whoever Married a second Wife and brought a Stepmother amongst his Children should 1 Concerning second Marage P. 296. be remov'd from the Senate and Common Assemblies for he judg'd that Man could never advise his Country well who was so imprudent in his own Family For they that were once well Marry'd ought to rest satisfied with such a Happiness and such as are unfortunate in their first Match and yet against their own experience commit a second Fault in the same kind justly deserve to be noted for Fools To False Accusers he appointed this Punishment That they should be led through the City Crown'd with the Shrub-Tamarisk that it might 2 False accusers appear to all that the Offender was guilty of the highest Wickedness And it is reported that some Convicted of this Offence to avoid the disgrace have kill'd themselves By the severity of this Law false Informers the Plague of the Common-wealth were driven out of the City and the Citizens lived in great prosperity Charonidas made likewise a new Law never before instituted by any former Legislator concerning keeping bad Company For he found by Experience That both the Manners and Judgments of good and honest 3 Bad Company Men were often depraved by the society and familiarity of wicked Men and drawn aside from the Paths of Virtue to the filthiness of Vice and that such Company like an infectious Disease seised the Minds of the very best with it's Contagion and Corruption For the way to Vice is down the Hill with a very easy descent by reason whereof many of more than ordinary Integrity insnar'd with the inticing Charms of Pleasure have fallen into the highest degree of Wickedness desiring therefore to prevent this mischief he severly forbad the keeping company and familiarity with lewd Men And fram'd a Process against ill Society and impos'd a severe Fine upon such as should be found Guilty And he made moreover another Law more excellent than this past Ant. Chr. 445. by by all the ancient Lawmakers That is That all the Children of the Citizens should learn to * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 4 Teaching to Write Write and the City should pay the Master Wages For he knew that they who were poor were not able to be at the Charge and by consequence must lose the advantage of Instruction for their Children For he prefer'd and not without Cause the †〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The praise of the Art of Writing knowledge of Writing to be learnt in the first place before all other Arts For by the help of this many things conducing to the publice Good are preserv'd to Posterity as Suffrages Decrees Epistles Wills Laws and other things necessary for Instruction Who can sufficiently set forth the praises this Art By this the Memory of the Dead is preserv'd amongst the living by these Messengers they that are at the greatest distance far absent may be Convers'd with as present These preserve the Opinions of the wisest Men the Answers of the Gods the Learning of Philosophers all the Sciences of the World and hand them down to Posterity for ever Life is due to Nature but how to live well we ow to the Books of the Learned so that by this good Law at the public Care and Charge those who were illiterate before wholly depriv'd of those great Blessings were now improv'd by more happy Education so that we may say he far exceeded those former Lawmakers who appointed Phisicians for the curing of private Mens Distempers at the charge of the Public for they provided cures for Mens Bodies but he for Ignorance and disease of Mens Souls And we never desire to have need of a P. 297. Phisician but are always unwilling to part with a learned Man Many Poets have Celebrated these Laws concerning evil Company among others are these If one Herd with bad Company I ask not what he is but see Such as his Friends are such is he Ant. Chr. 457. Of his Law concerning Stepmothers mention is made thus The lawgiver say they Charonidas amongst others made this Law Let him have no repute but of a Fool That sets a Stepdame o're his House to Rule Nor let him for a civil Office sue Who to an old Plague dares to add a new If good luck in a Wife thou hast had then Stick at a good hand if bad as most Men Th' art Mad
Samians who approached their City easily reduced it and there established a Democracy And having impos'd a Mulct of Eighty Talents upon them and receiv'd as many Youths for Hostages he committed them to the care and custody of the Lemnians and so having in a short time finish'd with good success all for which he was sent he return'd to Athens After this a grievous Sedition happen'd in Samos some being for the Democracy Seditions in Samos others endeavouring to set up an Aristocracy whereby the City was in a mighty popular Tumult They who were against the Democracy went over to Sardis in Asia to Pissuthines the Persian Governor to desire aid who lends them Seven Hundred Soldiers hoping by this means to bring Samos under his power P. 302. The Samians with this aid loosing from Asia in the Night stole secretly upon the City and by the help of their Accomplices enter'd and surpriz'd it and being thus easily possess'd forthwith eject all of the contrary Faction Then having stollen and carry'd away the Hostages out of Lemnos and strengthen'd Samos with Garrisons they declare themselves open Enemies against the Athenians who again send against them Pericles with Sixty Sail who overcame them in a Sea Fight though they had Seventy Sail. Upon this with the help of Twenty Five Ships which join'd him from Chios and Mitylene he besieg'd Samos and some few Days after leaving part of his Forces to maintain the Siege with the rest he made against the Phenician Fleet which the Persians sent to the aid of the Samians The Samians taking advantage of the opportunity of his departure suddenly set upon the rest of his Fleet and routed them with which success they grew very proud and haughty But Pericles hearing of the ruin of his Fleet left behind return'd without delay and got together a strong and numerous Navy fully resolving utterly to ruin the Enemy's Fleet And being speedily supplied by the Athenians with Threescore Ships and with Thirty from Chios and Mitylene he renew'd the Siege both by Sea and Land wearying the City with continual Assaults He was the first that made use of those warlike Engines call'd Battering Rams and Scorpions by the assistance and ingenuity Battering-Rams and Scorpions Ant. Chr. 439. of Artemon the Lacedemonian And by his fierce and violent Assaults battering down the Walls with his Engines the City fell into his Hands And after he had put to Death the Authors of the defection he caus'd the Samians to pay Two Hundred Talents in Compensation for the charge of the War He carry'd away likewise all their Ships and demolish'd the Walls and when he had restored the Democracy return'd into his own Country To this time the Thirty Years Truce between the Athenians and the Lacedemonians continued unviolated And with these things was this Year remarkable When Myrichides govern'd the state of Athens Lucius Julius and Marcus Geganius Olym. 85. 1. An. Mu. 3531. Ant. Chr. 438. were Roman Consuls The Eleans then celebrated the Eighty Fifth Olympiad in which Crisus of Himera was the Second Victor In these times in Sicily Ducetius formerly Prince of the Siculi planted the Country of the Callatines and having setled there many Colonies began at length to take upon him the Sovereign power over the Siculi But falling sick both his Life and his Designs Ducetius dies vanish'd together The Syracusians now being Lords of all the Cities of Sicily except Trinacria War between the Syracusians and Trinacrians resolv'd to gain that likewise by force of Arms for they were exceedingly jealous of the Trinacrians because they were very rich lest they should at any time after gain the Sovereignty of the * Sicilians Siculi to whom they were related as Kindred This City both then and ever had many valiant Men amongst them and upon that account was ever esteem'd the principal City of the Siculi for it was full of good Commanders Men of brave and daring Spirits The Syracusians therefore gathered together all their Forces both from Syracuse and from among their Confederates and march'd against the Trinacrians who being destitute of all assistance by reason the rest of the Cities were subject to Syracuse were in a bloody Battel hard put to it and after a resolute and valiant opposition all gallantly dy'd upon the spot For those that were wounded rather than to undergo the disgrace of being Captives dispatched themselves They of Syracuse having obtain'd this Victory over a People never before subdu'd P. 303. made all the Inhabitants Captives and raz'd the City to the Ground The richest of the Spoils they sent to Delphos as a grateful Offering to the Gods CHAP. VI. The Corinthian War against Corcyra Potidea revolts from the Athenians Quarrels in Thurium Meton's Year Heraclea in Italy built Potidea besieg'd by Phormio GLaucides the Chief Magistrate of Athens Titus Quintus and Agrippa Furius Olym. 85. 2. An. M. 3533. Ant. Ch. 437. Consuls of Rome The Syracusians being Victorious as is before related fell a building of Ships of Three Oars upon a Bank and doubling the number of their Horse busi'd themselves in raising a Land-Army And that they might raise and get together a great Treasure and Fond of Money they exacted larger Contributions from their Subjects and this they did with a Design to subject all Sicily by degrees to their Dominion Whilst these things were in doing the Corinthian War as it 's call'd broke The Corinthian War forth upon the following occasion The Epidamnians the Inhabitants of the Coasts of the Adriatick Sea being Colonies brought from Corcyra and Corinth were greatly distress'd with Tumults and Seditions amongst themselves where the stronger Party cast many of the contrary Faction out of the City whereupon the Exiles join'd together and calling the Illyrians to their Assistance and Confederacy they made against Epidamnum with a great Fleet And being the Barbarians were very strong they easily possess'd themselves of the Country and besieged the City They of Epidamnum not able to resist so great a Force Ant. Chr. 437. sent to Corcyra for aid who were of the same Stock and Kindred but being disregarded by them they made their Application to the Corinthians owning that City to be their only Metropolis and desired a Supply of more Citizens in the room of those that were ejected The Corinthians partly out of pity to them of Epidamnum and partly out of an old grudge they bore them of Corcyra for that they only of all the Colonies brought from them thither neglected to send to them as their Metropolis the usual Offerings decreed Aid to be sent to them of Epidamnum And accordingly they sent both a new Supply of Citizens and a Guard of Souldiers sufficient for the defence of the City The Corcyreans much inrag'd at this fitted out a Fleet of Fifty Sail against them The Admiral of which Fleet after his arrival commanded them of Epidamnum to receive the Exiles And then
refus'd then that their Embassadors should denounce War against P. 307. them in the name both of them and their Confederates Upon hearing of the Embassadors an Assembly was call'd to debate this matter where Pericles that far surpass'd all the rest in Eloquence and strength of Reason gave his Reasons against the abrogating of the Decree He alledged it was a step to Bondage and Slavery and against the common good to yield to the Demands of the Lacedemonians but advis'd them rather that they should draw all their Goods and Concerns out of the Country into the City and being now Masters at Sea to enter into a War with the Lacedemonians And hereupon making an accurate Discourse of the War he told them what a Multitude of Confederats they had what a brave and well man'd Fleet they were Masters of what a vast Treasure they were possessed of brought from Delos gather'd from the common Contribution of the Cities amounting to Ten Thousand * A Common Talent was about an Hundred Eighty Seven Pounds Ten Shillings of our Money Talents and though Four Thousand of it were spent in the building of the †The Propyle was a stately Gate or Porch belonging to the Acropolis or Citadel Propyle or Citadel and in the Siege at Potidea yet every Year Four Hundred and Sixty Talents were rais'd by Tribute from their Confederates And besides all this that the Adornments belonging to the Shows and the Persian Spoils amouned to Five Hundred Talents more And that in the Temples and other publick Works of the City there were great Riches so that the very Image of Minerva it self alone was worth Fifty Talents of Gold whose Ornaments were so plac'd that they might be taken off and all of them when necessity requir'd might be borrow'd from the Ant. Ch. 431. Goddess so that they be faithfully restor'd in time of Peace And as to the Estate of the Citizens he told them through the Enjoyment of a long Peace the City was grown exceeding Rich he added moreover that they had Twelve Thousand Armed Men besides their Confederates and what were in their Garrisons And those in their Garrisons together with their Colonies were more than Seventeen Thousand and that they had ready a Fleet of Three Hundred Sail. On the contrary the Spartans were Poor and far inferior to the Athenians in Naval Forces Having fired the Citizens with these Discourses he vehemently pressed the People not to give ear to the imperious Demands of the Lacedemonians And by the earnestness of his Speech he easily prevail'd for which reason he was called Olympius Aristophanes the Comick Poet who flourished in the time of Pericles mentions these things in the Verses following Ye Poor and Country Swains consider well The Words I speak if you would know they 'll tell Your Country how destroy'd a Spark but small Brought from Megara's Law blown up with all By him hath rais'd such Smoak of War Blood Fears As draws from Eyes of Greece continual Tears And likewise the Comick Poet Eupolis in other Verses says of Pericles whom Ant. Ch. 431. they call Olympius Thunder and Lightening he rais'd in Greece Of Eloquence who was the Masterpiece Only among the Orators his Darts Were left fast fixed in the Hearers Hearts And these were the causes of the Peloponesian War as they are related by Ephorus The principal Grecian Cities thus provoked to War the Lacedemonians in a general Convention with them of Peloponesus declar'd War against the Athenians and forthwith sent their Embassadors to the King of Persia to enter into a League offensive with them Embassadors were likewise sent to desire Two Hundred Ships of their Confederates in Sicily and Italy And now being join'd with the Peloponesians and having rais'd a Land-Army from several Parts and prepared with all things necessary for War they first begin At that time in Beotia the City Platea was a free City in league with the Athenians P. 308. But some of the Citizens designing to enslave the Place in contrivance with the Beotians promis'd to bring the City under their Power if they would but send them a Guard of Souldiers The Beotians therefore sent Three Hundred Souldiers in the Night to Platea who being let into the Gates the Traytors deliver'd up the City into their Hands But the Plateans willing to approve their Platea entr'd in the Night by the Thebans Faithfulness to the Athenians at first thinking that the whole Army of the Thebans were entr'd sent Embassadors to them to treat and make Terms But when Day appear'd and they of Platea understood how small a Number the Enemy was they all as one Man came upon them and Fought with great resolution for their Common Liberty But because the Fight was in the Streets the Thebans being better Souldiers at the first destroy'd many of the Plateans But afterwards they in the Houses even the very Boys and Children by throwing down Tyles from the Roofs so sorely gall'd the Thebans that they were forc'd to fly that part of them who got out of the City clearly escap'd but another part that fled for shelter to a little House at length were compell'd to give The Thebans driven out of Platea up themselves to the will of the Enemy The Thebans being inform'd by them that had escap'd of this misfortune with all their force hasten'd to the City By reason of which suddain incursion many of them who liv'd in the Country and those abroad being taken at unawares were kill'd and many Prisoners taken the whole Country being fill'd with Fears Devastations and Robberies In the mean time the Plateans sent to the Thebans to intreat them to depart out of their Coasts promising they would release the Prisoners Upon which conditions the Matter was Compos'd and the Thebans receiv'd the Captives and restor'd the Plunder to them of Platea and so return'd home The Plateans had sometime before sent to Athens for Aid and had brought much of their Goods out of the Country into the City The Athenians hearing of their Distress hastned away to them a competent Number of Souldiers who tho' they March'd with all expedition yet they Ant. Ch. 431. could not prevent the Thebans But what was left in the Country they brought into the Town The Women and Children and those that were infirm they got together in a Body and convey'd them to Athens Hereupon the Lacedemonians judging the Athenians had broke the League gather'd Forces together from all parts both from Sparta and from the rest of the Peloponesians The Confederats of the Lacedemonians were the Peloponesians wholly except the Argives for they then stood Neuters Those out of Peloponesus were the Megareans Ambraciots Leucadians Phocians Beotians many of the Locrians over against Eubea and the rest those of Amphissa Those that sided with the Athenians were the Inhabitants of the Sea-Coasts of Asia the Carians Dorians Ionians them of the Hellespont and all the Islanders except
Authors of the Truce insomuch as they of Argos cast Stones at the Officers of the Army and had order'd them all to be put to death which had been executed if by great intercession their Lives had not been spared but their Goods were confiscated and their Houses pull'd down The Lucedemonians also intended to have put Agis to Death but upon his Agis threatned to be put to Death promise to wipe off the stain of the late miscarriage by his future Services with much adoe he was spar'd However for the future they join'd with him Ten Persons approv'd for their Wisdom and Prudence without whose Advice he was strictly charg'd not to do any thing for the time to come After this when the Athenians had sent forth a Thousand well-arm'd Men and Two Hundred Horse by Sea to them of Argos under the command of Nichetes Ante Chr. 420. and Nichostratus to whom Alcibiades join'd himself though then in no command for the great love and kindness he bore towards the Mantineans and Eleans the Argives in a common Assembly decreed that notwithstanding the former Agreement they should make it their business to carry on the War with all their Power To that end all the Officers incouraged every one their own Souldiers who readily and heartily follow'd their Leaders and encamp'd out of the Walls of the City There it was concluded to be most advisable to begin first with an Expedition against Orchomenia in Arcadia To that purpose having advanced into Arcadia they besieg'd the City and wearled it out with Orcomenia taken by the Argives daily Assaults and having taken the Town they march'd to Tegea determining to force that likewise The Tegeans desiring speedy aid from the Lacedemonians they with the strength of their whole City and of their Confederates made for Mantinea conceiving that by Besieging of that a stop would be easily put to the Siege of Tegea But the Mantineans being inforc'd by the Assistance of their Confederates march'd out with the Youth of their City and had an Army in the Field ready to oppose the Lacedemonians Presently hereupon Battel was joyn'd and a select Band of the Argives consisting of a Thousand well disciplin'd and expert Souldiers were the first that put the Enemy to flight and made a great Slaughter in the Pursuit But the Lacedemonians returning from Ant. Chr. 420. A Battel between the Lacedemonians and the Mantineans the Pursuit and Slaughter of those they had routed in another part of the Army fell upon the Conquering Argives and surrounding them made no question but to cut them off every Man And whereas these brave Men although far inferior in number prevail'd in a great measure against their Enemies the Lacedemonian King being earnest to perform his Promise to the Citizens and to wipe off the stain of his former disgrace by some great and remarkable Action in the Head of his Army ran through all sorts of Difficulties in the Fight and had kill'd them all upon the spot if he had not been prevented for Pharax one of the Ten join'd with the King as his Council a Man of great authority in Lacedemon commanded the Souldiers to open a way for the Arcadians lest fighting with Men in a desperate condition they came to experience what Valour can do when it 's driven to a necessity The King restrain'd by his Command a Passage was made for the Enemy to break through as Pharax had ordered And in this manner these Thousand Men got off and the Lacedemonians having gain'd an eminent Victory set up a Trophy and return'd Home The former Year ended Antopha was chief Governour at Athens and Four Military Tribunes Caius Furius * Titus Quinctius Quintilius Olymp. 90. 3. An. Mund. 3554. Ante Chr. 419. Marcus Posthumus and Aulus Cornelius bore the Office of Consuls at Rome At that time the Argives and Lacedemonians had several Meetings and Messages to and fro about entring into a League one with another which was effected P. 327. accordingly Upon this the Mantineans now deserted by A League between the Lacedemonians and the Argives the Garrison put in there by the Argives were forc'd to come under the power of the Lacedemonians About the same time the Thousand choice Men before spoken of in the City of Argos conspir'd to overthrow the Democracy and set up an Aristocracy from among A Sedition in Argos themselves And having many Associates and Abettors in this Affair of the wealthiest and most couragious Men of the City they forthwith seiz'd upon the Tribunes of the People and the Heads and chief of those that were for Popular Government and cut their Throats The rest being terrified repealed all the ancient Laws and began to order all Affairs in the Commonwealth according to the Will and Pleasure of these Men. And after they had thus govern'd for the space of Eight Months they were by an insurrection of the People depos'd and the Democracy restor'd Another Disturbance likewise arose in Greece for upon a Difference happening between the Phoceans and the Locrians the matter came to a decision by the Sword The Phoceans were Conquerors Quarrels and a Fight beween the Phoceans and Locrians and kill'd above a Thousand of the Locrians In the mean time the Athenians under the Command of Niceas took Two Ant. Ch. 419. Cities * Cithera in Peloponesus Cithera and †Nicea a Port Town in Megara Nicea and in * Melus in Thessaly Melus which was taken by Storm they put all but Women and Children to the Sword and them they made Captives In Italy the Fidenates put the Roman Ambassadors to Death upon a light occasion At which base act of Injustice the People of Rome were highly incens'd and decreed to revenge it by a War To this end they made Manius Aemilius Dictator and according to the Custom join'd with him Aulus Cornelius the Master of the Horse When all things were in readiness he marcht against the Fidenates with all expedition who drew out and met him upon which there was a sharp Ingagement and so continu'd for a long time and after many were cut off on both sides they parted at length upon equal Terms At this time Euphemus was chief Magistrate at Athens and the Military Tribunes Olymp. 90. 4. An. Mu. 3555. Ant. Chr. 418. Lucius Furius Lucius Quinctius and Aulus Sempronius again executed the Consular Dignity at Rome At this time the Lacedemonians inforc'd by the Aid of their Confederates made an incursion into Argaia and took the small Town of of Argias kill'd the Inhabitants and raz'd the Castle Then hearing that they of Argos had enlarged their Walls out as far as to the Sea they marched thither and pull'd them down and return'd Home The Athenians made Alcibiades General who with Twenty Ships under his Command was order'd to do the utmost he could to restore the Argives to their former Government for there was such
Thousand Horse Timeus says they were not much above an Hundred Thousand He drew up all his Ships into the Creek near Motys intending the Syracusians should hereby be assur'd that he invaded not Sicily with a design to make War upon them either by Sea or Land Then being join'd by the Aegestines and other Confederates he rais'd his Camp from Lilibeum and march'd towards Selinunte When he came to the River Mazarus he takes Emporium at the first Assault Approaching afterwards nearer to the City he divides his Army into Two Parts and encamping round the City raises his Engines and Batteries and begins to assault the Town with great Vigour For he built Six high Towers and brought as many Battering Rams P. 360. to the Walls and with the multitude of his Darters and Slingers forc'd the Citizens from the Forts and Bulwarks The Selinuntines had been now a long time disus'd from Sieges and in regard they were the only People of Sicily Ant. Chr. 406. that sided with the Carthaginians against Gelon they little expected they should have been brought into such Dangers by them whom they had so far engag'd and therefore were in great Consternation and Amazement seeing the abundance of Engines the greatness of the Army and imminent Danger wherewith they were inviron'd Yet they were not altogether without hope but expecting speedy Aid from Syracuse and other Confederate Cities all the People as one Man join'd together and drove the Enemy from the Walls The Young Men couragiously slighted all Hazards The Old Men ran from Place to Place upon the Walls to furnish the other from time to time with all things necessary for the defence beseeching them not to suffer the Enemy to enter The Women and Children brought Meat and Weapons to them who were fightfor their Country not regarding that Modesty and Sobriety which in times of Peace they were commendable for The Fear was so great that even Women were regardless of the Dangers Hannibal promis'd the Plunder of the Town to his Souldiers applies his Engines to the Walls and with the best of his Souldiers whom he reliev'd from time to time with fresh Supplies begins the Assault At the first Word of Command at one instant the Trumpets sounded to Battel and the whole Army with a great Shout ran up to their several Posts the Walls were batter'd by the Rams and the Souldiers from the High Towers gall'd the Selinuntines with Ante Chr. 406. their Darts For the Selinuntines injoying a long Peace their Hands were not inur'd to Action and therefore were easily driven from thence the Wooden Towers being far higher than they In the mean time part of the Wall being batter'd down the Campanians willing to make themselves remarkable on a sudden rush'd into the City and at the first greatly terrify'd those that were in that part of it but presently many coming in to assist them the Enemy was repuls'd with great Loss For the Rubbish lying in the way where they enter'd when they were driven back to the Breach they were so cumber'd that many were cut off Night approaching the Carthaginians drew off In the mean time the Selinuntines sent forth some Horsemen in the Night to Agrigentum Gela and Syracuse to desire aid with all speed for that they were not able any longer to stand it out against so great an Army The Geleans and Agrigentines thought it best to wait for the Aids from Syracuse that with conjoin'd Forces they might set upon the Carthaginians But the Syracusians having certain intelligence that Selinunte was Besieg'd without delay struck a Peace with the Chalcideans with whom they were then in War and gather'd all their Forces together from every Place But because they suppos'd that the City was only Besieg'd and not in any danger to be suddenly taken they protracted the time to make the greater Preparation In the mean time Hannibal as soon as it was light renew'd the Assault on every side of the Town and presently possess'd himself of that part of the Wall where the Breach was made Ant. Ch. 406. and of another Breach made in another part near adjoining and when he had remov'd the Rubbish with the choicest of his fresh Men he sets upon the Selinuntines and forces them by degrees to give Ground but was not able quite to break them who now had all at stake Many fell on both sides The Carthaginians P. 361. were still supply'd with fresh Men but the Selinuntines had none to reinforce them And thus the Assault was renew'd every Day for the space of Nine Days with great Resolution and Courage and much loss on both sides At length when the †Spaniards Iberians began to enter at the Breaches the Women from the tops of the Houses fill'd all Places with Cries and Lamentations And the Selinuntines now judging the Town to be lost endeavour'd to block up all the nar̄row Passages and Streets and by that means the Contest continu'd a long time But while the Carthaginians were making their way by force the Women and Children from the Tops of the Houses mawl'd them with Tiles and Stones so that the Carthaginians for a long time were sorely gall'd not being able to come up together in those narrow Passages the Walls on both sides being strongly man'd and besides being so vex'd with those that cast down Stones upon the Tops of the Houses This throwing down of Darts and other things from the Roofs of the Houses continu'd till Evening But the Carthaginians still renewing the Fight by pouring fresh Men into the City the other were tir'd out their number decreasing and their Enemies still increasing so that the Selinuntines were at last forc'd to desert the Straits The City thus taken nothing was to be seen but weeping and wailing among Selinunte taken and raz'd the Grecians and on the other side among the Barbarians exultation and * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ant. Chr. 406. shouts of Victory Those were terrify'd with the greatness of their Misery every where before their Eyes These now Victorious commanded to kill and destroy where and whom they pleas'd At length the Selinuntines got in a Body together in the Market-Place and there fought it out to the last Man The Barbarians raging in all Parts of the City rifled all the Houses The Persons The cruelty of the Carthaginians in Selinunte they found there they either burnt them and their Houses together or dragging them into the Streets without any respect to Age or Sex whether they were Women or Children Young or old without the least pity or commiseration they put them all to the Sword and after the barbarous manner of their Country they mangled their Carcases some carry'd about multitudes of Hands tied round their Bodies others in Ostentation bore about the Heads of the Slain upon the Points of their Swords and Spears They only spar'd Wives who fled with their Children to the Temples and to these only
Thousand as Timeus relates but Ephorus says Twenty Thousand Hannibal when he saw his Souldiers so distressed drew out those that were encamped and came to the Relief of his shattered Troops setting upon the Himereans now in disorder by the Pursuit Upon which there began another sharp Dispute in which at The Himerians repuls'd Ant. Chr. 406. length the Himereans were put to flight but Three Thousand of them stood their Ground and bore the brunt of the whole Carthaginian Army and after they had signaliz'd their Valour all died upon the Spot After this Fight Five and Twenty Gallies which were sometime before sent to the aid of the Lacedemonians from the Siculi now returning Home arriv'd at Himera but a Rumour spread through the City that the Syracusians with all their Forces and Confederates were come to the Relief of the Himereans Hannibal in the mean time imbarques many of his best Souldiers in his Gallies which lay at Motys in order to Sail for Syracuse to surprize the City now that it wanted sufficient â—trength to defend it as he suppos'd And therefore Diocles Commander in chief of them who were sent in aid of the Himereans advis'd the Captains of the Vessels to sail with all speed to Syracuse lest when they had lost the best of their Souldiers in the next Fight their own City should be taken by force To which end it was thought advisable to leave the City for a while and to imbarque one half of Diocles's Forces to go along with the Fleet till they were past the Coasts of Himera and to leave the other half for the defence of the City till the Gallies return'd The Himereans took this grievously but being it was not in their power to do otherwise Gallies were fill'd in the Night with Women and Children and other things to be transported to Messena Then Diocles with those under his Command prepar'd for his Journey back into his own Country leaving the Bodies of them that were slain unbury'd And so many of the Himereans with their Wives and Children went along with him as could not be otherwise transported for want of Shipping But they that were left for the defence of the City watcht every Night in Arms upon the Ant. Chr. 406. Bulwarks And although the Carthaginiaus constantly upon the approach of Day made frequent Assaults in every Place found the City yet they upon the Walls indefatigably bore the brunt believing the Ships would return speedily to which very Day they held it out couragiously But the next Day after that the P. 364. Fleet was in sight far off at that instant the Wall was batter'd down by the Engines and the Spanish Regiment in a full Body rusht into the City part of the Barbarians forcing the Guard from the Walls and another part that possessing the Breaches made way for the rest of the Army to enter At length the City was Himcra ruin'd enter'd and the Barbarians with all Savage Cruelty kill'd all in their way till by the Command of Hannibal they forbore their Butcheries In the mean time the Souldiers plunder'd all the Houses of all things * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 valuable Here Hannibal robb'd and spoil'd all the Temples and after he had taken out those that fled thither for Refuge he set them on Fire and raz'd the City to the Ground Two Hundred and Forty Years after the setling of the Inhabitants there Among the Prisoners the Women and Children he commanded to be kept safe but the Men to the number of Three Thousand he caus'd to be brought to a rising Ground there near at Hand where Amilcar his Grandfather perish'd by the Army of Gelon and there with all sorts of Taunts and marks of Disgrace put them all to Ant. Chr. 406. the Sword Afterwards he disbanded many of his Forces among the rest he sent the Sicilians who sided with him to their several Countries and with them the Campanians who made great complaint of the Injustice of the Carthaginians for that they contributing so much to their Successes had not rewarded them proportionably to the Services they had done them in the War However Hannibal ship'd his Army leaving a small Guard with his Confederates and with his Transport Ships and Gallies loos'd from Sicily and arriv'd at Carthage loaden with abundance of Prey The whole City came out to meet him and receiv'd him with loud and joyful Acclamations as a General that had performed greater things by far in so short a time than ever any before him At this time Hermocrates the Syracusian returned into Sicily He was in great Esteem Hermocrates returns into Sicily among the Syracusians because in the War against the Athenians he was remarkably serviceable to his Country He was afterwards sent as Admiral with Thirty Five Sail to the aid of the Lacedemonians but by a contrary Faction at Home being condemn'd to Banishment he deliver'd up the Command of the Fleet in Peloponesus to those who were deputed by the Government Afterwards Hermocrates banish'd Syracuse having receiv'd a considerable Sum of Money from Pharnabazus whose Favourite he was he sail'd to Messina and there built Five Gallies and hir'd a Thousand Souldiers with his own Money and taking likewise with him a Thousand of those that were forc'd from Himera he attempted with the help of his Friends to return to Syracuse But being prevented in this Design he march'd up into the Country to Selinunte and took in part of the City with a Wall and Ant. Chr. 406. got together as many of the Selinuntines as surviv'd the late Destruction and with them and many others which he receiv'd into the Place he made up a Body of Six Thousand choice Men. From thence he made an Excursion and spoil'd the Country of the Motyâ—ans overcame them that issu'd out of the City against them and kill'd many of them driving the rest within their Walls Presently after he broke into the Borders of the †Panorma now Palermo Panormitans and carry'd away abundance of Plunder He kill'd likewise Five Hundred of the Citizens that stood in Battalia before their City to oppose him and shut up the rest within their Walls and wasted and spoil'd likewise all the other Countries that were subject to the Carthaginians for which he was in high Esteem among the Sicilians Hereupon the Syracusians likewise presently began to repent when they saw that they had Banisht one whose Valour merited so much to the contrary So that when he was often nam'd and discours'd of in Publick Assemblies the People gave many hints and signs of their desire to have him recall'd Hermocrates therefore understanding that his Name was up among the Syracusians us'd his utmost endeavour to return knowing that his Enemies and Rivals would oppose it with all their P. 365. Might And thus stood things in Sicily at this time CHAP. VIII Thrasybulus assaults Ephesus The Lacedemonians besiege Pylus surrender Chalcedon besieg'd
or possess'd with fear lest Imilcar should slip into the Town when the Souldiers were gone forth would not stir but commanded the Souldiers to abide within the Town by which means they that fled came safe into the Camp But Daphneus march'd forward and incamp'd in the place where the Enemy before lay to whom flockt presently the Souldiers out of the Town with Dexippus and forthwith a Council of War was held where all shew'd themselves very uneasie and discontented that the opportunity was neglected in taking full Revenge of the Conquer'd Ant. Chr. 40. Barbarians and that their Officers when they might have so easily destroy'd them by a Sally out of the Town had suffer'd so many Ten Thousands clearly to escape Hereupon a Tumult arising in the Assembly with a great noise and clamour one Menes a Camarinean one of the Officers stood up and accused the Commanders of Agrigentum to such a degree that he so exasperated the whole Assembly that they that were accus'd could not be heard to speak for themselves but Four of them were out of hand ston'd by the inraged Multitude The Fifth call'd Argeus in favour of his Youth was discharged Dexippus likewise the Lacedemonian was ill spoken of that he who was General of so considerable a Body of Men and ever esteem'd a Man more expert in Martial Affairs than most others should carry it so basely and treacherously After the Council was broke up Daphneus endeavour'd to force the Carthaginians Camp but discerning it to be excellently well Fortify'd drew off Then he blockt up all the Passages with his Horse intercepted the Forragers and prevented all Provision being brought in to the Enemy whereby they were reduc'd to great straits and necessities for not daring to ingage and yet in the mean time starving for want of Bread their Misery was the greater and many were famish'd to Death Upon this the Campanians and almost all the rest of the Mercenaries in a Body came to Imilcar's Tent to demand their allowance of Bread and threatned to fall off to the Enemy if they had it not But Imilcar being inform'd that the Syracusians had loaded their Ships with abundance of Corn for Agrigentum upon which he rely'd as his last shift persuaded the Souldiers to be patient Ant. Chr. 403. a few Days and in the mean time pawn'd to them the drinking Vessels of the Carthaginian Souldiers Hereupon he sent for Forty Gallies from Panormus and Motya and lay in wait for the Ships that brought the Provision For the Syracusians never suspected the Carthaginians durst appear at Sea being now Winter and who had some time before lost their Power and Dominion there Therefore sailing on with great assurance they were on a sudden attack'd by Imilcar with Forty Sail who presently sunk Eight of their Ships and drave the rest upon the Shoar All which being thus taken the Scene of Affairs was so chang'd on both sides that the Campanians that were with the Agrigentines P. 379. perceiving the desperate Condition of the Grecians corrupted with Fifteen Talents fell away to the Carthaginians Besides the Agrigentines at the beginning of the Siege when things went ill with the Carthaginians were very profuse and prodigal both in their Corn and other things and therefore when the Affairs of the Barbarians were much alter'd to their advantage the Besieg'd being so many Thousands penn'd up together were insensibly and by degrees brought into great want It 's reported that Dexippus the Lacedemonian also was brib'd with Fifteen Talents for he on a sudden told the Italian Commanders that it was better to withdraw and carry on the War in some other Place for here they were likely to be starv'd The Officers therefore considering of Ant. Chr. 403. what he had said march'd away with the Army to the Sea as if now the time limited by their Commissions had been determin'd After their departure the Generals with the other Officers met in a Council of War and ordered that an Account should be taken what Provision was left in the City and when a Return was made of the Scarcity they saw it was absolutely necessary to quit the Place whereupon they commanded all to be ready to be gone the next Night Upon this there was a lamentable out-cry The lamentable Condition of the Inhabitants of Agrigentum in every House throughout the whole City of Men Women and Children being in a distraction through fear and dread of the Enemy on the one hand and care of their Goods and Estates on the other which now they must be forc'd in a great measure to leave to the Rapine of the Barbarians and as an aggravation being those very things wherein a little before they plac'd their happiness However at length seeing that Fortune had stript them of all their Riches they judg'd it was wisdom to do what they could to save their Lives Then might be seen not only the mighty wealth of a flourishing City forsaken but also a multitude of miserable People left behind for those that were sick and infirm were disregarded by them of their own Family whilst every one sought to preserve himself and those that through Old Age could not remove were in the like condition Many that preferr'd Death before the Ant. Chr. 403. leaving of their Country kill'd themselves chusing rather to dye in their own Houses But that multitude of People that did go forth were guarded by the Souldiers to Gela so that all the Ways and Country towards Gela swarm'd with a promiscuous multitude of Women and Children amongst whom were young Ladies who though they had now chang'd their former soft and delicate way of Living into the fatigues and sorrows of tedious Journeys yet being quickned and stirr'd up by fear bore all Difficulties with eminent Patience They all came at length safe to Gela and afterwards Leontium was given to them by the Syracusians to inhabit Imilcar entring the City with his Army not without some fear and jealousie Agirgentum taken by the Carthagineans kill'd almost all he found in it not sparing those that fled into the Temples for refuge but haling of them from the Altars slew them with great cruelty There it s said Gellias who was so eminent above the rest of his Countrymen in the greatness of his Wealth and integrity of his Conversation ended his Life with the Loss of his Country For he with some others fled to the Temple of Minerva hoping the Carthaginians would not commit any outrages against the Gods But when he perceiv'd the cursed Impiety of the Men he set Fire to the Temple and together with the Wealth that was there consecrated to the Gods burnt himself by one act preventing Three Evils as he conceiv'd the Impiety of Gellias burns himself in the Temple the Enemy against the Gods the Rapine and Plunder of the vast Treasure that was there and that which was the greatest the abuse of his own Body Imilcar having spoil'd
with all the Horse and Foot he could confide in with all possible speed for he concluded he had no better course to take to disappoint the Horsemen that were gone than to prevent all intelligence judging his Design would be more easily accomplish'd if he were sooner at Syracuse than they could believe which happen'd accordingly For the Horsemen thought that Dionysius durst neither stay with nor be far from his Army And therefore now as confident that they had gain'd their purpose they nois'd Abroad that Dionysius pretended to fly from Gela for fear of the Carthaginians but in truth he fled from the Syracusians In the mean time Dionysius having marcht without stop almost * 19 Leagues or 50 English Miles P. 393. 400 Furlongs came about Midnight to the Gates of Acradine with 100 Horse and 500 Foot and finding them shut against him caused Reeds there ready gather'd out of the Fenns with which the Syracusians used to burn Lime to be put to the Gates While the Gates were on Fire those that marcht flower came up to him And when they were burnt down he forthwith entred through Acradine with all the Forces with him Upon which those Horsemen who were very few that were of the Noblest Birth and greatest Wealth without staying for the Peoples help got together in the Market-Place to oppose the Enemy but were presently surrounded with the Mercenaries and every Man kill'd with Darts and Pikes Then Dionysius scouring the Streets of the City put all to the Sword he met that were running Dionysius's Rage and Cruelty in Syracuse here and there to aid their Fellows and not only so but enter'd likewise into the Houses of those he took to be his Enemies of whom he cut the Throats of some and banish'd others The rest of the Horsemen escap'd out of the Walls to that part of the City call'd Acradine About break of Day the next Morning all the rest of the Mercenaries and the whole Sicilian Army came to Syracuse but the Geleans and Camarineans incens'd against Dionysius turn'd off to Leontium Imilcar at length forc'd by the Circumstances of his Affairs sends an †〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Modern Times a Trumpet Herald to Syracuse to offer Terms of Peace to the Conquer'd This was very acceptable News to Dionysius and thereupon Peace was made upon these Conditions That besides the ancient Colonies the Sicanians Selinuntes Agrigentines and the Himereans should be under the Power of the Carthaginians That they of Gela and Camerine should be suffer'd Ant. Ch. 403. A Peace by the Carthaginians with Dionysius to inhabit in their own Cities yet without Walls and be Tributary for the future to the Carthaginians That the Leontines Messenians and all the Sicilians should be free and injoy all their own Laws and Liberties save that the Syracusians should be subject to Dionysius When all these Articles were ratify'd the Carthaginians past over to Lybia after they had lost above one half of their Army by the Plague which afterwards raging through Lybia Multitudes perish'd both of the Carthaginians and their Confederates And now we are come to the end of the Wars of the Peloponosian War in Greece and of the first Carthaginian War with Dionysius in Sicily And so having finished what we hitherto design'd we shall treat in the next Book of those Affairs thar fell out afterwards BOOK XIV IT 's Common and Natural to every Man to be touch'd to the Quick to hear himself PREFACE Evil spoken of For even they that are so notoriously Wicked that they cannot escape Reproaches yet if they be told of their Faults are presently in a Rage and do all they can to palliate and cover their Crimes with fine-spun Excuses Every one therefore ought to be very careful to avoid the doing of that which is of bad report especially those that are in high Place and Power and advanc'd above others in Dignity For their actions by reason of their eminency in the World being more conspicuous than others their Faults and Miscarriages likewise are more obvious Therefore let none in such places of Power and Authority think to avoid Censures and Reproaches if they are Corrupt and Unjust in their Administration For should they escape Infamy and Disgrace during their Lives yet let them be assur'd that after-times will publish that Truth to the stain of their Memory which was stifled and smother'd some time before Let this therefore startle wicked Men to consider that they leave behind them an ugly Representation of themselves to the view of Posterity for ever For though those things that follow after Death do nothing at all concern us as some Philosophers have spread abroad among the Common People yet a wicked Course of Life is far the worse inasmuch as the remembrance of it is hateful to all Posterity Of which truth he who seriously considers things related in this Book may find ready at hand most clear and evident Examples For the Thirty Tyrants of Athens who by their Covetousness and Ambition involv'd their Country in dreadful Calamities thereby in a short time not only lost their Authority but left behind them an immortal stain and dishonour to their Names And the Lacedaemonians who had undoubtedly gain'd the Sovereignty of all Greece lost what they gain'd when they began to oppress their Associates and Confederates For the Thrones of Princes are supported by Justice and Mercy but are overturn'd by Cruelty and Oppression of their Subjects As we may see in the Example of Dionysius the Tyrant of Syracuse who though he had the smiles of Fortune above all the other Princes before him yet Plots were to intrap him all his Life long so that for fear of being Assassinated he was necessitated to wear an Iron Breast-plate upon his Coat and after his Death became an Instance and Example of the Peoples hatred to all succeeding Generations But we shall speak of these things P. 396. in their proper Places And now we come to those Affairs that have a Coherence with them before related only distinguish'd by difference of Times For in the foregoing Books we have treated of Things that were done from the sacking of Troy to the End of the Peloponnesian War and the Athenian Dynasty which comprehends the space of Seven hundred Seventy nine Years In this we shall add what next follows in order and begin with the Thirty Tyrants of Athens and from thence come down to the Taking of Rome by the Gauls wherein is contain'd the History of Eighteen Years CHAP. I. A Peace between the Athenians and Lacedaemonians The Athenians disagree about the Manner of their Government The Government by Thirty The Cruelty of the Thirty Tyrants and especially towards Theramenes BY the Dissolution of the Government at Athens which happen'd the Seven hundred and Eightieth year current from the Destruction of Troy the City was involv'd in an Olymp. 94. 1. An. M. 3568. Ant. Ch. 402. Anarchy at that
Syracusians He was a Man civil and courteous to all and almost the Richest and of greatest Interest of any Man in Athens there was not therefore a Family but it lamented his Death the Memory of his kind and sweet Disposition forcing Tears from every one yet the Tyrants did not in the least remit any thing of their acts of Injustice and Violence but growing still rather worse and worse in all manner of Villanies they cut the Throats of Threescore of the richest Men in They cut the Throats of the Richest in the City Ant Ch. 402. P. 398. the City that they might rowl in their Estates The miserable Citizens being thus Slaughtered and Butchered every day almost all that had any thing to lose fled out of the City Then they put to death Autolicus a most excellent and fluent Orator And at length every Man that was in any respect Eminent or Remarkable they sacrific'd to their raging Lusts By these Cruelties they so wasted and destroy'd the City that above The Cruelty of the Tyrants one half of its Inhabitants ran away and left it And although the Lacedaemonians saw the City thus spoil'd and ruin'd yet they laugh'd in their Sleeves having no desire it should ever recover its strength any more as was very evident by many convincing arguments For they made a Decree that all the Fugitives from Athens in every part of Greece should be carry'd back bound to the Tyrants and whosoever did oppose the Execution of this Decree should be fin'd Five Talents This was in truth look'd upon as a very cruel and inhumane Edict but the other Cities stood so much in awe of the Power of the Spartans that it was every where obey'd But the Argives were the first that shew'd their Abhorrence of the Lacedaemonian cruelty and pitying the miserable Condition of the Exiles receiv'd them with all tenderness of Compassion The Thebans likewise decreed a Mulct to be impos'd upon him that did not to his power assist any Fugitive whom he saw to be carry'd away by Force To this pass were brought the Affairs of Athens CHAP. II. Dionysius his Projects to strengthen himself in the Sovereignty of Sicily The Syracusians Revolt They are dispersed IN the mean time Dionysius the Tyrant of Sicily having made Peace with the Carthaginians Ant. Ch. 402. bent all his Care to strengthen himself in the Sovereignty For he judg'd that the Syracusians now brought under by the War had nothing to do but to seek after the recovery of their Liberty Perceiving therefore the Island belonging to the City which was naturally fortify'd would be easily defended by a small Garrison he divided it from the rest of the City by a strong Wall in which he built many high Towers near one to Dionysius strengthens himself in Sicily another and under it guard-Guard-houses and Lodgings which would contain great numbers of Men He built likewise there at great expence a * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Castle which commanded the City that it might be a shelter ready to fly to upon any suddain commotion with the same Wall he took in the Arsenal near to the little Port call'd Laccius capable to receive Threescore Sail and had a Gate through which only one Ship at a time could enter Then he mark'd out the best pieces of Land and gave them to his Friends and Officers the rest he equally distributed amongst the Citizens and in the number of Citizens he accounted Manumitted Slaves and call'd them Neopolites New Citizens He bestowed likewise Houses every where upon the common People except those Houses that were in the Island and those he gave as a Reward to his Friends and Mercenaries Having now firmly fix'd himself in the Throne as he conceiv'd he march'd out with an Army against the Sicilians with a design to being them into Slavery who as yet were free especially those who had lately assisted the Carthaginians To this end he lay Dionysius besieges Herbessus now call'd Palazzulo Ant. Ch. 402. before the City of Herbessus and furnish'd himself with every thing necessary for the Siege They of Syracuse that were listed upon this Expedition having got Arms into their hands met together in private Cabals and blam'd one another for that they did not assist the Horsmen in deposing of the Tyrant It happen'd at that time that one of Dionysius's Captains threatning a Soldier for his saucy Language and presently offering to beat him upon his sharp Retorts the Soldiers were so enrag'd that they kill'd the Officer whose Name was Doricus and calling out with a loud voice to the Citizens to A Conspiracy against Dionysius stand up for their Liberty they sent for the Horse from Aetna for they at the beginning of the Tyranny left the Tyrant and possess'd themselves of that Castle Dionysius being now terrify'd with the defection of the Syracusians broke up the Siege and hasts away with all speed to Syracuse and to possess himself of the City before any of his Enemies Upon his flight thither the Fomenters of the Rebellion created them their Captains and Leaders who had kill'd the Officer and being join'd with the Horse from Aetna they encampt in the * Hills over the City Epipoli as they are call'd lying over against the Tyrant blocking up his passage into the open Field These Revolters likewise continually sent Messengers to Messina and Rhegium to sollicit their aid at Sea for the recovery of their Liberty For these Cities at that time commonly set forth no less than Fourscore Gallies well Mann'd which they then sent to the Syracusians to assist them Besides all this they in the Epipoli promis'd by the Common Cryer a great reward to him that should kill the Tyrant and P. 399. that they would Enfranchize all Foreigners that would come over to them And now having provided Engines for the battering down of the Wall they Assaulted the Island every day and kindly receiv'd all Strangers that came to them Upon this Dionysius Dionysius penn'd up in the Island Ant. Ch. 402. seeing himself forsaken of the Mercenaries and that he was so straitly penn'd up call'd his Friends together to consult what was best to be done in the present Exigency For he so far despair'd of keeping the Sovereignty that he did not so much as seek how he might subdue the Syracusians but by what kind of Death he might put an end to his Life lest he should be forc'd to a shameful Abdication of the Government Heloris one of his Friends but others say the Poet his Father told him that the memory of his being a King would be the Glorious Ornament of his Sepulcher and Polyxenus his Father-in-law advis'd him to break through upon the swiftest Horse he had and get away to those parts under the power of the Carthaginians and crave help of the Campanians whom Imilcar had left to defend his Conquests in Sicily But Philistus who afterwards writ the History gainsaid
as he march'd But Imilco seeing all things succeed according to his Hearts desire march'd with his Army against Messina earnest to possess himself of that City by reason of its fit and convenient situation for the Haven there was very commodious capable to receive his whole Fleet which consisted of about Six hundred Ant. Ch. 394. Sail and by that means having the Command of the Sea in those parts he judg'd he should be able to intercept all the Shipping that should be sent both from Italy and Peloponnesus to aid them of Syracuse While he was musing and considering of these things he made Peace with them of Hymera and the Inhabitants of Cephalaedium And taking in the City of Lipara he impos'd a Mulct of Thirty Talents upon the Islanders Then Imilco marches to Messina in order to besiege it he march'd straight away with his Forces for Messina his Fleet sailing near at hand over against him and in a short time encamp'd at Pelorides not above a * Betwixt Seven and Eight Miles Hundred Stages from thence When they of the City-heard of the approach of the Enemy they began to disagree about the concerns of the War For some of them understanding the great strength of the Carthaginian Army and seeing how they deserted by their Confederates and that they wanted their Horse which were then at Syracuse were of Opinion that the City could not be defended Besides to their further discouragement their Walls were down in many places and they had now no time to make necessary P. 427. Preparations for their Defence Therefore they sent away their Wives and Children and all their choicest Goods and the richest of their Treasures to the neighbouring Cities Others there were who remembred an old Prophesie whereby it was foretold by the Oracle That the Carthaginians should be carriers of Water in that City which was commonly interpreted in that Sense as might portend most advantage to themselves as if the Carthaginians should be Slaves in Messina From hence they were very confident and by this means greatly encourag'd others so that they resolv'd to undergo the utmost extremity in defence of their common Liberty They sent out therefore presently a select number of their briskest young Men to Pelorides to prevent the Enemies Inroads into the Country who did according to Order Upon which Imilco seeing the Messinians dispers'd and scatter'd in order to oppose his Descent he commanded Two hundred Ships to make towards the City For he hop'd Ant. Ch. 394. as he might easily conjecture that the whole Garrison of Messina would be so earnest in opposing his breaking into their Borders that the City would be left unguarded so that it would be easie for his Fleet to enter and at that time the North Wind blew fresh by which means the Ships were carry'd with a full Gale straight into the Harbor and though the Guard sent to Pilorides hasten'd back with all speed yet the Enemies Fleet was in before they return'd And now the Carthaginian Army coming in on every side speedily batter'd down the Walls entred and took the City Messina As many of the Messinions as engag'd with the Enemy died valiantly upon the spot the rest fled to the next Cities many of the common People fled to the Mountains near at hand and were dispers'd and scatter'd into several Garrisons in the Country Some were taken by Messina taken by the Carthaginians the Enemy others that were got into narrow Creeks about the Harbour flung themselves into the Sea thinking they should be able to swim over to * Which is not above a Mile and an half to Rhegium in Italy Land on the other side but of Two hundred scarce Fifty recover'd the Shoar of Italy Afterwards Imilco entred Messina with his whole Army and the first thing he set upon was the Besieging the Castles and Forts near to the City but being very strong and bravely defended by them that had fled thither when he saw he could not win them by force he return'd to the City And having refresh'd and recruited his Army resolv'd to march against Syracuse The Sicilians bearing an inveterate hatred to Dionysius having now a fair opportunity all of them except the Assarines fell to the Carthaginians Dionysius therefore to the end he might be supply'd with Men sets free all the Slaves and Servants of the Syracusians and with them sufficiently Mann'd Threescore Gallies he was furnish'd likewise Ant. Ch. 394. with a Thousand Mercenaries from the Lacedemonians Passing likewise from place to place through the Country he fortify'd all the Castles and strong Holds and furnish'd them with Provision But his greatest care was to fortifie the Castles of the Leontines and to that end laid up Stores and Magazines there brought in from all parts He likewise persuaded the Campanians who at that time inhabited in Catana to remove and reside at the City Aetna because it was a place of great strength After things thus setled Dionysius led forth his Army an hundred and sixty Stages from Syracuse and encamp'd near to a place call'd Taurus He then had with him Thirty thousand Foot and something above Three thousand Horse His Navy consisted of a Hundred and fourscore Ships of which there were but few that had Three Oars on a Bank In the mean time Imilco demolish'd Messina and commanded his Soldiers to pull down Messina raz'd the Houses to the ground so as not one stick should be left standing or one Stone upon another which was effectually executed by burning some and pulling down others For by so many hands the business was done in a trice and such was the ruine and desolation of the City that that place which was so lately full of Inhabitants could now scarce be known where it stood For Imilco considering how remote it was from the P. 428. Confederate Cities and yet the best Port and Situation in all Sioily judg'd it absolutely necessary either to ruine it as he had done or at least so far to destroy it as that it could not be repair'd in a long time And thus Imilco having sufficiently discover'd his implacable hatred to the Grecians commanded Mago the Admiral to sail with the whole Fleet to the Promontory of Taurus Here the Sicilians inhabited in great numbers but Ant. Ch. 394. without any Head or certain Commander Dionysius had heretofore given the Country of the Naxians to these Sicilians but they induc'd by the Promises of Imilco then dwelt upon this Hill which was naturally fortisy'd and there at that time they were and so continu'd after the War in a City strongly Wall'd call'd Tauromenium from its situation Tauromenium built upon Taurus Imilco himself by swift marches came with his Army to the before mention'd place of Naxia Mago sailing all along near to the Coast But because Mount Aeina had a little before vomited out Fire as far as to the Shoar the Army at land could
the Rock and another being destroy'd after the same manner the rest in all haste retir'd and because the Rock was very steep being in a great terror and amazement they all miserably perish'd The Romans hereupon sending Ambassadors to 'em to treat upon Terms of Peace obtain'd it upon these Conditions That upon receiving a Thousand pound weight of Gold they would leave the City and depart out of the Roman Territories After this because the Houses were destroy'd and many of the Citizens kill'd the Romans gave leave to every one that would to build and roof'd and cover'd all the Houses at the Publick Charge which were therefore ever after to this day call'd the Publick Houses And because every Man built according to his own Humour where he pleas'd the Streets were made very narrow and crooked which notwithstanding the Riches of the City in succeeding Times could never be reform'd Some have reported that the Roman Matrons gave all their golden Ornaments for the redeeming of their Country for which they have this Honour allow'd them That they may at any time be carry'd in Chariots through the City The Romans being thus impoverish'd and brought low by the late Calamity the Volsci took the advantage and rais'd Arms against them Upon which the Consular Tribunes got their Forces together and march'd out into the Campus Martius as 't is call'd and encamp'd about * 25 mile Ant. Ch. 385. Two hundred Stages from the City The Volsci far exceeded the Romans in number and set upon their Camp Upon which the Senate much concern'd for them in the Field made Marcus Furius Dictator who ordered the young Men in the City to take up Arms with whom he march'd out in the night and came upon the backs of the Volsci when they were very busie and intent in assaulting the Romans and easily put them to flight Upon which they within the Camp sallying out the Volsci by this means were hemm'd in on every side and almost all cut off And thus this Nation who were before a strong and potent People by this Overthrow were brought extream low and weaker than any of the Nations round about them The Dictator afterwards hearing that Bola was besieg'd by the Aequi march'd thither and kill'd most of the Besiegers Thence he mov'd to * Sutrium Sutrinum a Colony of the Romans but then possess'd by the Aequi and falling upon them on the sudden he made a great Slaughter among them and restor'd the City to them of Sutrinum About this time the Gauls in their march from Rome besieg'd Veascus a Confederate City of the Romans upon which the Dictator march'd against them fought and routed them and seiz'd their Bag and Baggage amongst which was the Gold weigh'd at Rome and recover'd almost all the Prey and Plunder they had gain'd in taking of the City And though he had perform'd all this good Service yet the Tribunes of the People Ant. Ch. 385. through Envy deny'd him a Triumph Yet some relate that he did Triumph in a Chariot drawn with four white Horses for the Victory against the Thuscans and within two Days after was fin'd by the People in a great Sum of Money which we shall mention hereafter in its proper place Those Gauls that went to Japygium design'd to return through the Roman Territories but the Cerii laid an Ambush for them in the Night and cut them all off in the Plains of Trausium Callisthenes the Historian began his Grecian Memoirs from this Year wherein the Peace P. 457. was made between the Graecians and Artaxerxes and ended them with the Year the Temple of Delphos was taken and rifled by Philomelus the Phocian comprehending an Account of Affairs for the space of Thirty Years in Ten Books And now being come to the Peace between Artaxerxes and the Greeks and the Danger threatned to Rome by the Gauls according to our purpose at the beginning we shall put an end to this Book BOOK XV. HAving throughout the whole Work us'd the Common and accustom'd Liberty P. 458. PREFACE of an Historian we have both prais'd the Good and condemn'd the Bad as they have fallen in our way to the end that those whose Genius and Inclination prompts them to Virtue may be the more encourag'd to Noble Actions in hopes of having the Glory of their Names continu'd to all succeeding Generations and on the other hand that they that are bent to Wickedness may be curb'd and restrain'd from the Heat at least of their Impiety by those marks of Dishonour and Disgrace fix'd upon them Since therefore we have brought down our History to the times wherein the Lacedaemonians fell by the sudden and unexpected Slaughter at Leuctra and the like again not long after at Mantinea whereby they lost the Sovereignty of Greece We judge it part of our Province to keep close to the former Course and Method of Writing and therefore by the way in the first place to blame and reprehend the Lacedaemonians who justly deserve it For who cannot but judge them worthy of Censure and that justly who having a well-settled Empire and Government descended to them from their Ancestors and by their Valour supported and defended for the space of above Five hundred Years should now in a Moment ruine it by their own Folly and Imprudence For they that were before them preserv'd the Grandeur and Glory of their Conquests by their Lenity and Tenderness towards their Subjects but these their Posterity by their Cruelty to their Confederates and Pride and Ambition in making War upon the Grecians most deservedly lost all by their Rashness and Inconsideratness For those that hated them for the Injuries they had before suffer'd greedily took the advantage now they were low to revenge themselves on them as their Enemies And they whose Forefathers were never before Conquer'd were so much the more despis'd by how much they deserv'd the greater Contempt who by their Vices had stain'd the Virtue and Glory of their Ancestors The Thebans therefore who for many Ages before were forc'd to stoop to them as their Superiors having now beyond all Mens expectations conquer'd the Lacedaemonians were made Chief Commanders of Greece But the Lacedaemonians after they had once lost their hold could never after recover their ancient Glory and Dignity But enough of this we shall now return to the Course of our History The preceding Book the Fourteenth in Order ends with the Ruine of Rhegium by Dionysius and the Taking of Rome by the Gauls which happen'd the Year next before the Expedition of the Persians into Cyprus against Evagoras We shall her begin this Book with that War and end it with the Year next preceding the Reign of Philip the Son of Amyntas CHAP. I. Artaxerxes's Expedition against Evagoras in Cyprus The Actions there at Sea and Land The Lacedaemonians begin new Quarrels in Greece As first with Mantinea Dionysius gives himself to Poetry Peace concluded with Evagoras by Orontes the Persian General
that Summer For they were reputed the most valiant Men of all the Arcadians and therefore the Spartans in former times were us'd to account these their fastest and truest Friends in all Fights and Engagements But when Winter drew on and the River running under the Town swell'd high by the Rains the Lacedemonians dam'd up the River with Earth and Rubbish and turn'd the Current into the City so that all the place round about was like to a standing Pool by reason whereof the Houses fell down which amaz'd them of Mantinea that they were forc'd to deliver up the City Which being thus taken the Citizens suffer'd no other hardships from Mantinea taken the Lacedemonians save only that they were order'd to return to those Ancient Villages from whence at first they came they were forc'd therefore to leave their Country and Ant. Ch. 383. Dionysius designs upon Aepyius settle themselves and their Families in the Villages About this time Dionysius the Tyrant of Syracuse had a design to gain the Cities lying upon the Adriatick Sea and that which chiefly mov'd him to it was because he covered to be Master of the Jonian Sea as they call it to the end he might have a free and open passage to Epirus and to have Towns and places for his Ships ready to touch at For he was every day making preparation to Transport great number of Forces into Epirus and to rifle and plunder the rich Temple at Delphos To this end he made a * Molussus a part of Epirus League with the Illyrians by the help of Alcetas the Molossian who was then an Exile at Syracuse And the Illyrians being then engag'd in a War he sent them Two thousand Soldiers and Five hundred Grecian Arms the Arms they distributed amongst the strongest and stoutest of their Men and the Auxiliaries they mixt here and there in several of their own Companies and Regiments The Illyrians having now rais'd a great Army made an irruption into Epirus in order to restore Alcetas to his Kingdom and wasted and spoil'd the Country without opposition or controul Afterwards a sharp Battle was fought between them and the Molossians in which the Illyrians were Victors and kill'd A great slaughter of the Molossians above Fifteen thousand of the Molossians which Slaughter of the Epirots being made known to the Lacedemonians they sent them aid to curb and bridle the fierceness and cruelty of the Barbarians During the transaction of these Affairs the * Paros an Island of the Egean Sea near Delos Lyssus built by Dionysius in Pharos Parii by the encouragement of an old Prophecy sent forth a Colony to the Adriatick Coast where they built Pharos by the help of Dionysius in an Island so call'd For not many years before he had sent a Colony thither and built the City Lyssus by the advantage of which place when he had little else to do he rais'd an Arsenal for Two hundred Gallies and Wall'd the Town in so large a Circuit that it exceeded in compass all the Cities of Greece He likewise built stately Schools and Colledges on the on the side of the River * Or rather Anapis in Sicily Olymp. 96. 1. A. M. 3588. Ant. Ch. 382. P. 465. Ant. Ch. 381. P. 465. Anapus with Temples and other beautiful Fabricks to advance the Glory and Greatness of the City And now ended the Year when Diotrephes for the next was Archon of Athens and Lucius Valerius and Aulus Manlius were Roman Consuls At Aelis was solemniz'd the Ninety ninth Olympiad in which Dicon the Syracusian wan the Prize At this time the Pharii who were now seated in the Island Pharos Wall'd in the City they had built near the Sea side not in the least injuring the Barbarians the Ancient Inhabitants of the Island but allotted them a place very strong and excellently well fortify'd But this nestling of the Greeks was a great Eye-sore to the natural Inhabitants therefore they sent for the Illyrians bordering upon the Continent over against them who pass'd over to Pharos in many small Vessels to the number of Ten thousand Men and upwards and fell upon the Greeks and kill'd many of them But he who was made Governor of Lyssus by Dionysius with a great Fleet set upon the Shipping of the Illyrians and took and sunk all of them kill'd Five thousand of their Men and took Two thousand prisoners Dionysius being now in great want of Money began an Expedition with Threescore Gallies into * Tyrthenia by the Greek but mistaken Hetruria under colour to scour the Seas of Pyrats but in truth to rob a famous Temple in those parts which was very full * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of rich Gifts and Donations It stood in the Suburbs of Agylla a City of Hetruria where was the Arsenal which they call the Towers He landed in the Night and forcing in at break of day accomplish'd his Design For there being but a small Guard in the Castle he easily over-power'd them rifled the Temple and took out above a Thousand Talents And tho' they of Agylla sally'd out to repel the Enemy yet he routed 'em took many Dionysius rifles a Temple at Agylla in Hetruria to get Money prisoners and after he had wasted and spoil'd the Country sailed back to Syracuse where he rais'd no less than Five hundred Talents by the sale of the Spoils Having thus fill'd his Coffers he rais'd Soldiers from all parts and got together a great Army so that it was evident to the apprehension of all that he design'd War against the Carthaginians And these were the things done this year Afterwards the Dignity of Archon was conferr'd upon Phanostratus at Athens And Olymp. 99. 2. Ant. Ch. 381. the Romans made Four Military Tribunes Consuls Lucius Lucretius Servius Sulpitius * Caius Lucius Emilius and Lucius Furius At this time Dionysius the Tyrant of Syracuse being prepar'd for the War against Carthage watch'd for a fair occasion to colour and countenance his Design Discerning therefore that the Cities subject to the Carthaginians were inclin'd to a Revolt he receiv'd into his Protection as many as would come to him and enter'd into a League with them carrying himself with great complacency and winning behaviour Upon this the Carthaginians first sent Ambassadors to him and demanded the restitution of the Cities which being deny'd was the occasion of a new War The Carthaginians therefore entred into Confederacies with their Neighbours and all Another War with the Carthaginians by Dionysius Ant. Ch. 381. join'd together in the War against the Tyrant And because they prudently foresaw the greatness of the War they Listed Soldiers out of the choicest of the Citizens and laid up great Sums of Money wherewith they hir'd a vast number of Foreigners And having made Mago their General who at that time bore the Title of King they Transported many Thousands of Soldiers both into Italy and Sicily for they had decreed
Lords of all Greece both by Sea and Land Sparta in its strength For the Thebans were overaw'd by a Garrison the Corinthians and Argives were tyr'd out with Wars one with another the Athenians for their Covetousness and Cruelty exercis'd among those they had Subdu'd were despis'd by all the Grecians On the other hand all were afraid of the Lacedemonians because they were very Populous expert Soldiers and unweari'd in their Attempts Insomuch that the greatest of the Princes in those times I mean the King of Persia and Dyonysius the Tyrant of Sicily Courted the Spartans and were ambitious of their Alliance Afterward when Nico govern'd at Athens and Six Military Tribunes were Created Olymp. 100. 2. Ant. Ch. 377. Consuls at Rome Lucius Papyrius Caius Cornelius Lucius Manlius Caius Servilius Valerius Aulius and Quintius Fabius the Carthaginians enter'd with an Army into Italy and Restor'd the Hipponiats to their City whence they had been Expuls'd and kindly receiv'd * Menenius all the Exiles that came in to them from all Parts Not long after a great Plague happen'd in Carthage which Raging more and more A Plague in Carthage Ant. Ch. 377. swept away abundance of the Inhabitants insomuch that they were in great danger to have lost their Sovereignty For the Africans slighted and deserted them the Inhabitant of Sardinia supposing they had now a fit opportunity Revolted and rose up in Arms against them Moreover a Remarkable Judgment of God fell upon Carthage The Carthaginians kill one another in the Streets at this time for the City was all on a sudden in an uproar fill'd with Tumult Fear and Horrour and many running Arm'd out of their Houses as if an Enemy had entr'd the Place Fought Wounded and Killd one another in the Streets At length the Gods being Appeas'd by Sacrifices and they deliver'd out of their sad Afflictions they presently Subdu'd the Africans and Recover'd Sardinia After these things when Nausinicus chief Governor of Athens and four Military Olymp. 100. 3. An. M. 3594. Ant. Ch. 376. The Boetian War Tribunes Marcus Cornelius Servilius Quinctius Marcus Furius and Lucius Quinctius were Cloth'd with the Consular dignity at Rome the Beotian War so call'd broke out between the Beotians and the Lacedemonians upon the Accounts following The Lacedemonians against all Law and Justice forcibly detain'd the Citadel of Cadmea and had forc'd many Persons of Quality to fly out of their own Countrey The Exiles therefore upon a private Consult among themselves by the help of the Athenians return'd in the Night into their City and in the first place kill'd all those they judg'd sided with the Lacedemonians surprizing them in their Houses when they were asleep then they stirr'd up all P. 470. The Thebans get in a Body to retake the Citadel the Common People to appear for their Liberties upon which the whole City of Thebes readily came in to their assistance and getting into a Body clapt about Cadmea at break of Day In the mean time the Lacedemonian Garrison that was in the Citadel which consisted of no fewer than Fifteen hundred Men sent a Messenger to Sparta to inform them of the Insurrection in Thebes and to desire Aid with all speed However Ant. 376. they from the Bastions in the Citadel beat off the Besiegers killing and wounding many Upon this the Thebans concluding that great Forces would be brought out of Greece to the assistance of the Lacedemonians sent Ambassadors to Athens to put them in mind how they had been assisted by the Thebans at that time when they rescu'd their Commonwealth from the Slavery they suffer'd under the Thirty Tyrants and therefore that they should press them that they would hasten with all the force they had to help them to Reduce Cadmea before any Aid came from Sparta The People of Athens as soon as they heard what was desir'd by the Thebans decreed that without delay a Strong and Considerable Army should be sent to help them The Athenians assist the Thebans to regain their Liberty both to demonstrate their Gratitude for their former Services and likewise hoping thereby so to oblige the Thebans as that they should ever find them fast and constant Friends to assist them at all times against the growing and boundless power of the Lacedemonians For the Thebans were lookt upon not to be Inferior to any in Greece for number or valour of Men. In conclusion the Athenians made Demophoon General over Five thousand Foot and Five hundred Horse who drew out before Day next Morning and hasted away with a swift March that he might be before the Lacedemonians however the People of Athens were ready and prepar'd to March out with all their Forces into Beotia if the Thebans had occasion for them Demophoon with great expedition beyond expectation appear'd in view of them of Thebes and Souldiers came together with the like Zeal and Earnestness from other Cities of Beotia so that the Thebans had now a numerous Army consisting of no less than Twelve thousand Ant. Ch. 376. Foot and about Two thousand Horse and all Chearfully and Readily bestirr'd themselves to Besiege the Citadel The Army divided themselves into parties and assaulted the Place by turns persisting without any Cessation Night and Day In the mean time they in the Castle incourag'd by their Officers bore the Brunt with great Courage hoping to receive speedy Succours from the Lacedemonians And indeed they Valiantly stood it out while they had any Victuals left killing and wounding many of the Assailants having the advantage of the strength of the Fort. But when their Provision grew low and the Lacedemonians lingr'd in sending Relief the Garrison began to Mutiny For the Lacedemonians were for the standing of it out to the last Man but the Auxiliaries from the Confederate Cities who were the greater number were for delivering it up so the Spartans who were but few were forc'd to Surrender the Citadel and being dismiss'd according to Articles return'd to Peleponnesus At length the Lacedemonians The Citadel is surrender'd came with their Army to Thebes but having lost their opportunity through the slowness of their March all was to no purpose But they Try'd three of the Officers of the Garrison by a Council of War and Condemn'd two of them to Die and impos'd so great a Mulct and Fine upon the Third as that he was never able to pay it Afterwards the Athenians return'd into their own Country and the Thebans spent much time in vain in the Siege of Thespis During these affairs the Romans sent a Colony of Five P. 471. hundred Citizens into Sardinia upon Terms of being free from Tribute Afterwards when Callias was Lord Chancellor of Athens and four Military Tribunes Olymp. 100 4. Ant. Ch. 375. Lucius Papyrius Marcus * Publiu Publius †Cornelius Titus * Tiâ—o Cornelius and †Luc. Quinctius Quintus Lucius were honour'd with the
Athenians forthwith led out a great Army against the Plateans and having entred the Confines of Platea by this sudden and unexpected Irruption they found many of the Citizens stragling in the Fields who were presently snapt up by the Horsemen the rest fled into the City and having no Confederates to assist them were forc'd to deliver up themselves upon such Terms and Conditions as the Enemy was pleas'd to allow 'em For they were to leave the City and take away with them only their Houshold Goods and never more set foot in Baeotia After this the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thebans raz'd Platea and took Thespia that sided against them by assault The Plateans fled to Athens with their Wives and Children and were there kindly receiv'd into the Franchises and Liberties of the City And in this condition stood the Affairs of Baeotia all that time The Lacedemonians had now sent Mnasippus Mnasippus sent to Corcyra by the Lacedemonians The City Cor-Tyra in the Island Corcycyra with a Fleet of Sixty five Sail and Fifteen hundred Men under his Command to Corcyra which after he arriv'd at the Island and had taken the Exiles on board he sail'd into the Haven and presently possess'd himself of Four of their Gallies and forc'd the rest upon Land which they of * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Corcyra burnt to prevent their falling into the Enemies hands he routed them likewise in a Land Fight tho' they had advantageously possessed themselves of a Hill insomuch as all the Corcyrians every where were in fear and amazement The Athenians had some time before sent Timotheus the Son of Conon to the aid Ant. Ch. 371. Timotheus sent by the Athenians to Corcyra came too late of the Corcyreans with a Navy of Sixty Sail but before he came in to succour them he sail'd into Thrace and brought over many of the Cities there to the Athenian Interest and enlarg'd his Fleet with Thirty Sail But because he came too late to the assistance of them of Corcyra the people of Athens were very angry at him and took away his Commission yet when he return'd to Athens with a great number of Ambassadors that came along with him to confirm the Leagues with the Athenians and besides brought in â—â—motheus disearded the Fleet in good Order being more than they were by Thirty Sail the People rescinded the former Decree and restor'd him to his Command Before this they had Restor'd likewise prepar'd Forty Gallies more so that their whole Fleet was Fourscore and had made also plentiful Provision of Corn Arms and all other things necessary for the War But for the present they sent Five hundred Men to the aid of them of Corcyra under the Command of Ctesides who enter'd privately in the Night into * Corcyra where he found the Townsmen in bad circumstances by their Sedition and ill management of Cresides câ—mes to the City Corcyra from Athens Affairs relating to the War But forthwith quieting all Parties he made it his business to put all things in a posture of Defence and by this means put Heart and Courage into the Besieg'd In the first place he made a Sally and cut off Two hundred of the Enemy Presently after in a sharp Engagement he kill'd Mnasippus and many of his Army And Mnasippus kill'd Ant. Ch. 371. P. 482. now when the War was almost at an end in Corcyra arriv'd Timotheus and Iphicrates with the Athenian Fleet who coming too late did nothing worth remembring save that they took Nine Gallies Men and all sent by Dionysius out of Stcily to the assistance of the Lacedemonians under the Command of * Cissides Cassidas and Crinippus and by the Sale of the Captives rais'd Threescore Talents with which they paid off the Soldiers While these things were acting Nicocles an Eunuch in Cyprus treacherously murther'd Evagoras Murther'd in Cyprus King Evagoras and made himself King of Salamis In Italy the Romans fought with the Prenestines and routed and kill'd many of them Afterwards when Asteius was chief Magistrate at Athens and Six Military Tribunes viz Olymp. 101. 4. Ant. Ch. 370. Earthquakes in Peâ—oponnesus Marcus Furius Lucius Furius Aulus Posthumus Lucius Lucretius Marcus Fabius and Lucius Posthumus executed the Office of Consuls at Rome there hapned such dreadful Earthquakes and Inundations in Peloponnesus throughout all the Cities and over all the Country that are incredible to relate For never in any former Ages did the like Calamity fall upon the Grecian Cities which were now swallow'd up together with their Inhabitants and certainly some Divine Power contriv'd and executed this remarkable ruine and destruction of Mankind Nay the time when it was done aggravated the greatness of the calamity For the Earthquake hapned not in the day when the distressed might have found out some way or other to have help'd themselves but in the night when the Houses by the violence of the shake fell down in confused heaps so that by the darkness of the Night and the suddenness of the ruine Men were in that perplexity that they knew not which way to turn themselves for security insomuch as the greatest part of the Inhabitants buried in the rubbish of the Houses miserably perish'd But as soon as Ant. Ch. 370. it was Day some came running out of the Houses and thinking they had escap'd the danger fell into a far greater and unexpected mischief for the Sea rag'd to that degree and broke in with that violence that it swallow'd up them and their Houses together Two Cities of Achaia one call'd Helica and the other Bura chiefly suffer'd by this sad accident of which two Helica was of the greatest account of any of the Cities of Helica and Bura swallow'd up Achaia There was a very hot dispute concerning the cause of this Evil. Indeed the Natural Philosophers do generally ascribe all such Events to Natural Causes and necessary Circumstances and not to any Divine Hand But they who have more reverend Thoughts and Sentiments of a Deity give a very probable account of this Matter that this Destruction was the effect of the Anger of the Gods for the impious violation of the Rights of Religion of which we shall give a more particular account The Three Cities of Jonia were accustom'd to have a general Assembly of all the Jonians at Mycale and thereabouts where in a certain solitary place according to Ancient Rites they offer'd many costly Sacrifices to Neptune which * Pan Ionian A general Festival of the Ionians Panionion Festivals the Ionians not being able to solemnize at that place by reason of the frequent Wars and Disturbances they remov'd those Assemblies to a more secure place not far from Ephesus But sending to Delphos to consult there with the Oracle they were commanded to take Images from the most Ancient Altars of their Forefathers meaning from Helica a City of the Country formerly call'd Ionia but now
Turns of Messina The Thebans having dispatch'd all these things in the space of Eighty five Days leaving a strong Garrison for the defence of Messina return'd to their own Country And the Lacedemonians having now unexpectedly rid themselves of the Enemy sent some of the greatest men of their City to Athens and upon a Treaty concerning the Principality it was agreed that the Athenians should be Masters at Sea and the Lacedemonians have the chief Command at Land But afterwards both Cities executed the Sovereignty in Common About the same time the Arcadians Created Lycomedes General and sent him away Pallene taken by Sterm by the Arcadians with five thousand strong and lusty young Men to Besiege Pallene in Laconia who took it by Storm and put above Three hundred Lacedemonians there in Garrison to the Sword And having plunder'd the City and wasted and spoil'd the Country return'd home before the Lacedemonians could send them any Relief The Beotians likewise being desir'd by the Thessalians to Free them from the Tyranny of Alexander the Pherean then but feeble and almost broken sent Pelopidas with a Pelopidas sent into Thessaly strong Army into Thessaly with Orders to Manage affairs there to the advantage of the Beotians When he came to Larissa he possessed himself of the Castle then Garrison'd by Alexander thence he March'd into Macedonia and made a League with King Alexander and receiv'd Philip his Brother as an Hostage and sent him to Thebes And having perfected whatever he thought might be for the Service of the Beotians he return'd into his own Country Things standing thus the Arcadians Argives and Eleans unanimously agreed to make Several Countrys Confederate against Sparta P. 493. War upon the Lacedaemonians and to that end to send Ambassadors to the Beotians to persuade them to join with them in the War They accordingly Consented and sent forth an Army of Seven thousand Foot and Five hundred Horse under the Command of Epaminondas and the other Beotarchs The Athenians hearing of the preparations of the Beotians against Peloponnesus sent an Army against them under the Command of Ant. Ch. 367. Chabrias their General who when he arriv'd at Corinth rais'd Men out of Megera Pellene and Corinth and made up an Army of Ten thousand Men who being join'd with the Lacedaemonians and other Confederates at Corinth their whole Forces were no less than Twenty thousand They made it first their Business to guard all the Passages and to do all they could to prevent the Beotians from breaking into Peloponnesus To this The narrow Pass of Peloponnesus between two Seas Lechaeum lying on the West and Cenchrea on the East end they drew a Wall with a deep Trench from * Cenchrea to * Lechaeum to block up the entrance that Way The thing was done with that quickness and expedition through multitude of Hands and diligence of those Employ'd that the Place was Fortifi'd before the Beotians could reach thither As soon as Epaminondas came up to the Place upon diligent view of the Fortification he discern'd that that part kept by the Lacedaemonians was the Weakest and therefore did all he could to draw them out to a fair Field Battle tho' they were almost three times his Number But when he saw they would not stir but kept themselves within their Epaminondas breaks again into Peloponnesus Fortifications and Trenches he made a fierce Assault upon them Storming them in every Part But the Action was Hottest and Sharpest on both sides where the Lacedemonians were Posted for there the place was of easiest Entrance and most difficult to be kept But Epaminondas having with him the flower of Thebes with much ado beat off the Lacedaemonians and so clearing the Way broke in with his Forces and laid the passage plainly open into Peloponnesus which was an Action nothing Inferior to any he had done before Hereupon he forthwith March'd to Trezene and Epidaurus and Wasted Ant. Ch. 367. and Harrass'd the Country round about but could not take the Cities being very strongly Garrison'd but Sicyon * Pheâ— in Elis. Pheunte and some others submitted to him Then he March'd with his Army against Corinth And having routed the Townsmen in an Encounter he pursu'd them to the very Walls Where some of the Beotians puffed up with their good Success Rashly broke through the Gates into the City upon which the Corinthians in a great Fright shut themselves up in their Houses But Chabrias the Athenian General both Cordially and Faithfully made Head against the Beotians and Drove some of them out of the City making a great slaughter of the rest In the heat of this Action the Beotians approach'd to Corinth with their whole Army in Battalia to the great Terror of the Inhabitants Upon which Chabrias with his Athenians forthwith made a Sally out of the City and having possessed himself of the Hills Adjoyning there bore the brunt of the Enemies Charge On the other side the Beotians encourag'd being strong of Body and of long experience in Feats of Arms doubted not but to Rout the Athenians But the Chabrians by the advantage of the higer Ground and continual Succours coming in to them out of the City so defended themselves that they Kill'd and grievously Gall'd their Assailants and beat them off So that the Beotians after the Loss of a great Number of their Men not being able to do any thing drew off their Forces But Chabrias having thus Baffl'd the Enemy for his Valour Faithfulness and Military Conduct was Cry'd up and greatly Admir'd CHAP. VIII Dionysius sends Gauls and Spaniards to the assistance of the Lacedemonians Pelopidas and Istmenias clapt up by Alexander Tyrant of Pherea The Boeotians pursu'd by the Phereans brought off by Epaminondas then a private Soldier The Fight between the Arcadians and Lacedemonians Dionysius falls upon the Carthaginian Territories in Sicily Dionysius dyes The cause of his death The cruelty of Alexander the Pherean at Scotusa Epaminondas breaks again into Peloponnesus Coos Peopled and Wall'd The end of the Laconick and Beotick War by the Mediation of the Persian King ABout this time arriv'd at Corinth Two thousand Gauls and Spaniards sent by Dionysius the Tyrant to the Lacedemonians from Sicily who had Five Months Pay advance Olymp. 102. 4. Ant. Ch. 366. The Grecians to try their Valour drew them out against the Enemy who so far approv'd themselves stout and valiant Men as that they routed and kill'd many of the Beotians and their Confederates And after they had been very useful in the War and purchas'd Aids arriv'd at Corinth from Dionysius to themselves Praise and Esteem both for their Courage and Service and had been rewarded according to their Merits by the Lacedemonians they were sent back into Sicily at the end of the Summer After these things Philiscus Ambassador from Artaxerxes King of Persia came into Greece P. 494. Artaxerxes sends again to compose Matters in Greece but in
make all the hast possibly he could to relieve them and therefore charg'd them to look to the Place and not in the least to be afraid for he would be presently with ' em The Cretians observ'd their Orders with all Expedition by which the Lacedemonians strangely and on a suddain prevented the ruine of their Country For if the stratagem had not been discover'd Epaminondas had certainly surprizd Sparta So that the Policy and contrivance of both the Generals justly challenge their due praise yet the prudent Care of a skilful Commander must here especially be attributed to the Lacedemonian Epaminondas having now march'd all the Night long at break of day came up to Sparta But Agesilaus who was left to guard the City having had P. 501. intelligence but a little before did what he could to put the City into a posture of Defence To this end he commanded the Boys that were of any considerable bigness and the Old Men to the roofs of the Houses that they might be in a capacity to drive back the Enemy from thence Then placing all the strong and lusty Men in the several difficult Passes that led into the City and blocking up all other places where possibly an entrance might be made he waited for the coming of the Enemy Epaminondas having divided his Army into Three parts made an Assault round the Town at one and the same time but when he discern'd in what order the Spartans were Ant. Ch. 361. Epaminondas Assaults Sparta plac'd to oppose him he presently understood that his Design was discover'd However tho' he was much obstructed by the strait and narrow Passages and forc'd to fight in small Parties with great Bodies of Men at once and many were kill'd on both sides yet he would not draw off till the Lacedemonian Army came up near unto Sparta The Spartans therefore being now enforc'd with so great a strength and Night coming on he left off the Assault Draws off Then he was inform'd by some Prisoners that the Mantineans with all the Power of the City were hastning towards him to the assistance of the Lacedemonians Upon which he march'd away and encamp'd not far from the City But presently commanding his Soldiers to eat their Suppers and leaving there a Body of Horse whom he commanded to kindle Fires all the Night he march'd away with the rest of the Army with a design on a sudden to cut off all them that were left in Mantinea The next day having march'd a long way he unexpectedly Assaulted them of Mattinea but fail'd in his Design and tho' he had as a diligent Commander provided all things that were necessary The taking of Mantinea prevented yet Fortune now oppos'd him and so he lost the Prize For as soon as he came near the City that was then naked and without any Defence Six thousand Athenian Auxiliaries entred into Mantinea at the other end of the Town under the Command of Hegelocus a person of good Esteem among the Citizens who having put a sufficient Garison into the City with the rest stood in Battalia ready to engage And presently appear'd the Armies both of the Lacedemonians and the Mantineans And now every one prepar'd to put all Ant. Ch. 361. to the hazard of a Battle and therefore sent for their Allies out of all parts The Aeleans Lacedemonians Athenians and some others sided with the Mantineans their Forces amounted to above Twenty thousand Foot and Two thousand Horse The most considerable persons of Arcadia for Riches and Valour together with the Acheans Boeotians Argives and some of the Peloponnesians and other Confederates join'd with the Tegeans in the whole to the number of above Thirty thousand Foot and Three thousand The Battle at Mantinea Horse And now the Armies on both sides took the Field in order to decide the Matter and drew up in Battalia and the Sooth-sayers from the view of the Sacrifices offer'd here and there Declar'd Victory to their several Parties The Mantineans and the rest of the Arcadians because the War was in their own Country were in the Right Wing supported by the Lacedemonians drawn up next to them Next to the Lacedemonians were plac'd the Aeleans and Achoeans and some others of the weaker part of the Army compleated that Wing The Left Wing consisted of the Athenians On the other side the Thebans plac'd themselves in the Left Wing opposite to the Arcadians And the Argives held the Right The rest of the Army Aeubeans Locrians Sicyons Messineans Maleans P. 502. and Aeneans and the other Confederates made up the main Battle The Horse on each side were plac'd on both Flanks The Armies being thus drawn up while they stood facing one another for some time the Trumpets at length sounded a Charge and the Armies set up so great a shout as if both sides were assur'd of the Victory The Horse from the Wings first Charg'd one another with the greatest Fury imaginable The Athenian Horse Charged the Thebans but were worsted not so much by the Valour and Hardiness of the Thebans or their skill in Martial Affairs for in these the Athenians were inferior to none as by their number and being better Arm'd and appointed and far exceeding the other in Order and manner of Battle For the Athenians had very few Darters amongst them whereas the Thebans had thrice as many besides Slingers and Archers from the Thessalians who were us'd to be exercis'd in that way of Fighting from their Childhood and by that means were always very serviceable in all Encounters The Athenians therefore what with being Gaul'd by the Light Arm'd Men and over-power'd by the Horse were forc'd to fly Yet because they fled out from the Wings they easily repair'd the Damage they sustain'd for they broke not into their own Foot in their flight but falling in with some Eubeans and some other Mercenaries that were sent out before to take in some Hills near the place with whom they had a sharp Engagement they put every Man of them to the Sword For the Theban Horse did not pursue them that fled but Charg'd in upon the Enemies Foot with a design to break through 'em upon which the Dispute was very hot and sharp but at length the Athenians fled outright But the Colonel of the Aelean Horse who was in the Rear-guard of the * The Mantinean Army Army succour'd them and cuting off many of the Boetians renew'd the Fight And thus was the Rout in the Athenians Left Wing in a great measure repair'd by the Aelean Horsemen In the Engagement by the Horse in the other Wing the success was doubtful a little while But within a short time the Mantineans were put to the Rout by the multitude and strength of the Boeotian and Thessalian Horsemen and with great Loss were forc'd to fly for shelter to their own Battalion of Foot And this was the issue Ant. Ch. 361. of the Engagement between the Horse
the Leontines But the Syracusians getting into a Body pursu'd the Mercenaries and engag'd them in their march but were forc'd to retire with the loss of a great Number of their Fellow Citizens But Dion thô he had obtain'd a great Victory yet he was willing to forget the Injuries offer'd him by the Syracusians For when they sent a Trumpet to him to have Liberty Ant. Ch. 354 to carry off the Bodies of the Dead he not only agreed to that but freely discharg'd many Prisoners without Ransom For many when they were ready to be knock'd on the Head in the Pursuit declar'd they were Favourers of Dion's Party and by that means escaped present Death Afterwards Dionysius sent Nypsius a Citizen of Naples a Valiant and expert Soldier as his General and with him Transport-Ships loaden with Corn and other Provision who loosing from Locris made straight for Syracuse In the mean time the Garison-Soldiers of the Tyrant in the Castle tho' they were driven then to the utmost Extremity for want of Bread yet endur'd Famine for some time with great Resolution But at length Nature stooping to Necessity and having no prospect of Relief any other way they call'd a Council of War in the Night and resolv'd to surrender the Castle and themselves to the Syracusians the next Day Night therefore being now ended the Mercenaries sent Trumpets to the Townsmen to treat of Peace which was no sooner done but presently Nypsius at spring of day arrives with the Fleet and anchor'd in the Port of * A Fountain call'd Arethusa near Syracuse Arethusa Whereupon on a Sudden their present Necessities were turn'd into large and plentiful Supplies of all sorts of Provision Then the General having landed his Men call'd a Council of War and in an Oration fitted for the present Occasion so spoke to 'em that he wrought 'em to a Resolution chearfully to undergo all future Hardships to the utmost Extremity And thus the Acropolis ready to be deliver'd into the Hands of the Syracusians was unexpectedly preserv'd Hereupon Ant. Ch. 354. the Syracusians with all speed Mann'd out as many Gallies as they had at hand and on a sudden fell upon the Enemy while they were discharging their Vessels of their Corn and Provision And although this Incursion was Sudden and Unexpected and that the Garison in the Castle oppos'd the Enemies Galleys in a tumultuous and disorderly Manner yet it came to a formal Sea-fight in which the Syracusians got the Victory and sunk some of the Enemy's Ships took others and forc'd the rest to the Shore Being encourag'd with this Success they offer'd to the Gods abundance of Sacrifices for the Victory But giving themselves in the mean time to Quaffing and Drinking and likewise Slighting 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lifted up like Metors in the Air. and Despising them in the Castle as a beaten Enemy they were careless in their Guards So that Nypsius desirous to repair his late Loss by a new Engagement orders a select Body of his Men in the Night and on the sudden assaults the Wall lately built and finding the Guard through overmuch Confidence and their Surfeiting and Drunkenness fallen fast asleep set Scaling-Ladders made for the purpose to the Walls By which means some of the stoutest Fellows of the Garison mounted the Wall kill'd the Centinels and open'd the Gates This sudden Assault being made upon the City the Syracusian Commanders * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not yet recover'd of their drunken Fit endeavour'd to help their Fellows as well as they could But through their Wine not knowing how to use their Hands some were knock'd on the Head others took to their Heels And now the City being taken and almost all the Soldiers issu'd out of the Castle and entred within the Walls and the Citizens by reason Syracuse taken by Dionysius his Soldiers in the Castle of this sudden and unexpected Surprize and the Confusion that was amongst them being even at their Wits end all places were fill'd with Slaughter and Destruction For the Tyrant's Soldiers being above Ten thousand Men and in good Order and Discipline Ant. Ch. 354. none were able to withstand them but through Fear and Confusion and the Disorder of an ungovernable Multitude through want of Officers all went to wrack When they came into the Forum being now Conquerors they presently rush'd into the Houses and Ransack'd and Plunder'd all to a vast Value of Wealth and made Captive a great Multitude of Women Children and Servants In the straight and narrow Passages and some other Places the Syracusians made Resistance and never ceas'd fighting Multitudes being kill'd and as many wounded And even all the Night long they kill'd one another as they fortun'd to meet in the Dark and there was no place in the City but what was cover'd The sad Condition of the Syracuse and strew'd with Dead Carcasses As soon as it was Day the Light discover'd the Greatness of the Calamity and Misery The Citizens having now no means left to be deliver'd but by the Aid and Assistance of Dion sent forth some Horsemen with all speed to the City of the Leontines earnestly to intreat him that he would not suffer the Country to be a Prey to the Enemy but that he would pardon their former Miscarriages and commiserate them in their present Distress and relieve and raise up their Country from that low and despicable Condition wherein they then were Dion who was a Man of a brave Spirit and had a Soul well principled with the Rudiments of Philosophy and so was mild and easie to be Persuaded remember'd not the former Injuries of the Citizens but hir'd his Soldiers to march away to the Expedition and with these he made a swift March to Syracuse and came to the Hexapylae There he The Six Gates so call'd drew up his Army and march'd forward with all speed and there met him above Ten thousand Women and Children and old People who fled out of the City who all prostrated themselves at his Feet and beseech'd him with Tears that he would rescue them Ant. Ch. 354. from their wretched and miserable Condition The Soldiers of the Castle having now accomplish'd what they aim'd at after they had plunder'd all the Houses about the Forum set them on fire and then breaking into the fest made a Prey of all they found in them at which very nick of time in the very height of their Rapines Dion forcing into the City in many places at once sets upon the Enemy now eager in plundering and kill'd Syracuse reliev'd by Dion all he met as they were carrying away all sorts of Houshold-Goods bundled upon their Shoulders For coming upon them on the sudden as they were Scatter'd and Dispers'd here and there bringing away their Prey they were all easily knock'd on the Head After Four thousand and upwards were slain some in the Houses and others in the Streets and High-ways the
rest fled into the Castle and clapt the Gates upon them and so escap'd Dion when he had perform'd this Exploit the most Glorious of any ever before quench'd the Fire and so preserv'd the Houses that were all on a Flame and firmly repair'd the Wall that fronted the Castle and so by one and the same piece of Work he both defended the City and strengthned the Garison within the Acropolis Then he cleans'd the Town of the Dead Bodies erected a Trophy and Sacrific'd to the Gods for the Deliverance of his Country On the other hand the People to testifie their Gratitude to Dion call'd a General Assembly and by an unanimous Vote made him * Dion made Chief Magistrate over the Syracusians chief Governor with full and absolute Power and conferr'd upon him the Honours due to a Demy-god Afterwards agreeable to the Glory of his other Actions he freely pardon'd all that had maliciously injur'd him and by his frequent Admonitions brought the People to mutual Peace and Concord For all the Citizens of all Ranks and Degrees highly honour'd and applauded him as their great Benefactor and as the only Saviour of their Countrey CHAP. V. The Continuance of the Social War Iphicrates and Timotheus join'd Admirals with Chares by the Athenians Iphicrates and Timotheus accus'd by Chares and fin'd and remov'd Chares joins with Pharnabasus and routs the Persians The End of the Social War Philip subdues the Confederates IN Greece the Social War growing on apace wherein the Chians Rhodians Coons and Byzantines join'd together against the Athenians great Preparations were made on both sides to make a Decision of the Quarrel by a Sea-Fight The Athenians tho' they had rigg'd out a Fleet of Sixty Sail under the Command of Chares yet they sent out others for the further strengthening of them that were employ'd before under the Commands of Two of the most Eminent of their Citizens Iphicrates and Timotheus who were invested in equal Power of Command with Chares to carry on the War against their rebellious Confederates On the other side the Chians Rhodians and Byzantines being furnish'd with an Hundred Sail from their Confederates waste and spoil the Islands Imbrus and Lemnos belonging Ant. Ch. 354. to the Athenians Thence they made for Samos with a great Army and harass'd the Country and besieg'd the City both by Sea and Land Many other Islands likewise under the Government of the Athenians they wasted and spoil'd and by that means got together a Treasure for the carrying on of the War The Athenian Generals therefore joining their Forces resolv'd in the first place to besiege Byzantium But the Chians and their Confederates raising their Siege at Samos and preparing to relieve Byzantium the Fleets on both sides met in the Hellespont And now just as they were ready to join Battel there arose suddenly a violent Tempest which prevented their Design However Chares was resolv'd to fight tho' Nature herself with the Wind and Seas conspir'd against him but Iphicrates and Timotheus by reason of the Storm refus'd Chares attesting the Faithfulness of the Soldiers accus'd his Colleagues of Treason and wrote Letters to the People of Athens whereby he inform'd them that they wav'd fighting purposely out of Design At which the People were so incens'd that they condemn'd them both and having fin'd them in many Talents revok'd their Commissions Chares now having the sole Command of the Fleet designing to free the Athenians from Ant. Ch. 354. Charge and Expence did a very rash Act Pharnabasus had revolted from the King and was now ready to engage with a very small Force the Persian Lord-Lieutenants who had in their Army Seventy thousand Men Chares joins this Man with all his Forces so that they totally routed the King 's and Pharnabasus in Gratitude for the Service gave him as much Money as was sufficient to pay all his Soldiers This Act of Chares was at first very grateful and acceptable to the Athenians but after that the King by his Ambassadors complain'd of the Injurie done him by Chares they altogether chang'd their Notes and were as far the other way For a Rumor was spread abroad that the King had promis'd Three hundred Sail for the Aid and Assistance of the Athenians Enemies Upon which the People were so terrify'd that they decreed to agree Matters with the Revolters and finding them as willing to embrace Terms of Peace as themselves the Business was The End of the Social War easily compos'd And this was the end of the Social War after it had continu'd four Years In the mean time in Macedonia Three Kings that is to say of Thrace the Paeones and Illyrians confederated against Philip. These Princes being Borderers upon the Macedonians could not brook without Envy his growing Power And though they had had Experience that they were not his equal Match singly being not long before conquer'd by him yet by joining their Forces together they confidently concluded that they should be able to deal with him But Philip coming suddenly upon them while they were raising their Forces and as yet without any form'd Troops being in readiness in this Surprize he broke them in pieces and forc'd them to stoop to the Yoak of the Macedonian Kingdom CHAP. VI. The Beginning of the Sacred or Phocian War Philomelus seizes the Temple at Delphos after he had routed the Locrians How the Oracle at Delphos was first discover'd and the Beginning of the Tripode The Athenians and others join with Philomelus AFter Callistratus was created Archon at Athens and Marcus Fabius and Caius Plotius Olymp. 106. 2. An. M. 3595. Ant. Ch. 353. The Sacred War Consuls of Rome the War call'd The Sacred War broke forth which continu'd Nine Years For Philomelus the Phocian inferior to none in Impudence and Wickedness having seiz'd the Temple at Delphos occasion'd the Sacred War on the Account following After the Lacedaemonians were routed by the Thebans at the Battel of Leuctra the Thebans made great Complaints against them in the Court of the Amphictyons for their seizing of Cadmea Upon which they were adjudg'd to pay to them a great Sum of Money The Phocians likewise were accus'd and condemn'd by the same Court to pay many Talents to the Use of the Oracle at Delphos because they had intruded into a large Piece of Land call'd Cirrhaea belonging to the Oracle and had till'd and plough'd it But the Muâ—ct being neglected to be paid the * The Priests and Officers of the Temple Hieromemones accus'd the Phocians in the Senate of the Amphictyons and pray'd them if the Money were not paid that the Lands of the sacrilegious Persons might be confiscated and devoted to the Deity They requird likewise that the rest that were condemn'd among whom were the Lacedaemonians should pay what was due upon that account and pray'd That if they did not observe what was so order'd that then they should be prosecuted as hateful Enemies by all the Grecians
where the King was who receiv'd him as his Friend but order'd the Hundred Noblemen as Authors of the Rebellion to be darted to death Presently after when Five hundred more of the Chiefest of the Sidonians came to him Ant. Ch. 349. with all the Badges of Submission imaginable he call'd Tennes back and ask'd him whether he was able to deliver the City into his Hands for he earnestly desir'd to possess himself of the Place upon any Terms whatsoever rather than upon Treaty to the end that the utter Ruin of the Citizens might be a Terror unto the rest when Tennes assur'd him he was able to effect it the King being still implacable caus'd all the Five hundred who carry'd Olive-Branches before them as Suppliants for Mercy and as Tokens of Submission to be shot to death with Darts Afterwards Tennes readily perswades the Egyptian Mercenaries to receive him and the King within the Walls and so by this treacherous Tennes the Betrayer of Sidon put to death by the King who made use of his Treason Sidon taken It s miserable Condition according to the Prophecy of Ezek. 28. 21. Contrivance Sidon came again into the Hauds of the Persians Then the King judging that Tennes could do him no further Service caus'd his Throat to be cut likewise In the mean time the Sidonians had burnt all their Shipping before the King came lest any of the Inhabitants consulting their own particular Safety should get away by Sea At length when the Sidonians saw that the Enemy was entred and many Thousands of Men ranging here and there and dispers'd all over the City they shut themselves up with their Wives and Children in their Houses and set them on fire and so all consum'd together It 's said there were above Forty thousand with Houshold-Servants that perish'd in these Flames After this Destruction of the Sidonians by which the whole City and Inhabitants were consum'd to Ashes the King sold the Rubbish and Relicts of the Fire for many Talents For being the City was very Rich there was found a vast Quantity of Gold and Silver melted down by the Flames Thus sad was the Calamity under which the Sidonians suffer'd The rest of the Cities being terrify'd with this Destruction Presently surrender'd themselves to the Persians A little before this Artemesia the Princess of Caria died having Ant. Ch. 349. govern'd Two Years Idreius her Brother succeeded in the Principality and reign'd Seven Years In Italy the Romans made a Truce with the Prenestines and entred into a League with the Samnites and cut off the Heads of Two hundred and sixty in the Forum of those that sided with the Tarquins In Sicily Leptines and Callipus the Syracusians being furnish'd with a considerable Army besieg'd Rhegium which was still held by a Garison of Dionysius the Younger and having forc'd out the Garison they restor'd the Rhegians to their * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 own ancient Government CHAP. IX Evagoras beheaded in Cyprus Artaxerxes marches against Aegypt and gains all Aegypt by the Policy of Mentor Lost many of his Men at the Lake of Sorbon Mentor advanc'd Mentor's Stratagem to subdue Hemias Prince of Aterne Zena raz'd by Philip. The King of Aegypt Abdicates his Kingdom and flies to Aethiopia AFterward Apollodorus being Chief Magistrate at Athens and Marcus Valerius and Olymp. 107. 3. Ant. Ch. 348. An. M. 3598. Caius Sulpitius Roman Consuls all the Cities of Cyprus surrender'd themselves to the Persians excepting Salamis which was then besieg'd by Evagoras and Phocian and which Protogoras King of Salamis stoutly defended In the mean time Evagoras endeavour'd to regain the Kingdom of his Ancestors and contriv'd to be restor'd to his Ancient Right by the help of the Persian King But being Ant. Ch. 348. afterwards accus'd before Artaxerxes who thereupon reliev'd Protogoras he laid aside all hopes of being restor'd and having afterwards clear'd himself of all that was laid to his Charge he was intrusted with the Government of a larger Province in Asia which he so misgovern'd that he was forc'd to fly again into Cyprus where being seiz'd he had his Head struck off But Protogoras voluntarily submitting himself to the Persian King Evagoras beheaded kept the Kingdom of Salamis without any Rival for the time to come In the mean time the King of Persia after the Ruine of Sidon being join'd with the Artaxerxes marches against Aegypt Forces that came from Argos Thebes and the ancient Cities march'd with his whole Army against Aegypt When he came to the * Sorbon is the Lake of Sorbon Great Lough or Lake through ignorance of the Places he lost part of his Army in the Boggs there call'd Barrathra But in regard we have before in the First Book spoken of the Nature of this Lake and the strange Things there happening we shall now forbear to repeat them Having pass'd these Gulphs he came to Pelusium the first Mouth of the River Nile where it enters into the Sea Here the Graecians lay close to the City but the Persians Encamp'd forty Furlongs off In the mean while the Aegyptians in regard the Persians had given them a long time to prepare all things necessary for the War had made strong Defences and Fortifications at all the Mouths of Nile especially at Pelusium because it was the First and most conveniently situated where Five thousand Men were in Garison under the Command of Philophoron The Thebans above all the Graecians had a Desire to evidence their Valour and to that end they first of all valiantly attempted to force the Trench which was both Straight and Deep and carried it but as soon as they had gain'd it those of the Garison made a Sally upon which there was a sharp Engagement insomuch as the Dispute was very hot on both sides and continu'd all the Day the Night scarcely putting an end to the Contest The next day the King divided the Greeks into three Brigades every one had a Greek The Persian Army divided into three Brigades Ant. Ch. 348. Commander with whom was join'd a Persian Officer such as was most esteem'd for Valour and Loyalty The First Brigade was of the Baeotians under the Command of Lacrates a Theban and Rosaces a Persian This Rosaces was descended from some of those seven Persians who depos'd the Magi and was Governor of Ionia and Lydia He led a great Body both of Horse and Foot all of Barbarians The Second Brigade was of the Argives Commanded by Nicostratus with whom was Aristazanes a Persian who was employ'd as an Envoy in all the King 's special Affairs and next to Bagoas the Trustiest and Chiefest of his Friends He had Five thousand Soldiers and Fourscore Galleys under his Command The Third Brigade was led by Mentor he who betray'd Sidon who formerly commanded the Mercenaries His Collegue was Bagoas a bold Fellow and none more ready in of executing any Villany in whom the King put great Confidence
Valour and Conduct all the Greek Cities through Sicily readily submitted to him and he as readily set them at Liberty to govern by their own Laws Many Cities likewise of the Sicani Sicilians and other Countries subject to the Carthaginians sent presently their Ambassadors to him in order to be receiv'd into a League and be his Confederates But the Senate and People of Carthage perceiving that their Officers were sluggish and unactive in the Management of the War determin'd to send over others with a considerable Additional Force And to that end with all Dispatch they rais'd out of their own City and from among the Africans all such as they judg'd able to bear Arms for this Expedition And besides they took care to be provided with a sufficient Stock of Money and listed Mercenaries out of Spain Gaul and * In Italy now the States of Genoa Ligurla They fitted out likewise a great Navy both of †Men of War Olymp. 109. 4. Ant. Ch. 339. An. M. 3605. Long Ships and others for carrying Provision and in all other Respects were so careful and diligent that nothing was wanting that was necessary At the time when Nichomachus was chief Magistrate at Athens and Caius Martius and Titus Manlius Torquatus were Roman Consuls Phocion the Athenian subdu'd and expuls'd Clitarchus Prince of * Eretria whom Philip had set over that City In Caria †Pizodarus Petinthus besieg'd by Philip in Thrace in Propontis Pexodorus the youngest Brother expell'd Adam out of the Principality and reign'd Five Years to the time of Alexander's Expedition into Asia But the Power of Philip still encreasing he march'd with an Army against * A City in Euboea now Negropont Perinthus which favour'd the Athenians and much obstructed him in his Designs He push'd on the Siege therefore with all Eagerness and to that end incessantly batter'd the Walls with his Engines from time to time relieving those that were tir'd with fresh Men He made likewise Approaches with Towers of Fourscore Cubits high mounting much above the Walls whereby he greatly annoy'd the Besieg'd being so high above them He so ply'd them likewise with his Battering Rams and undermin'd the Foundations of the Walls to that degree that a great part of them tumbled down But the Perinthians defended themselves with that Valour that they speedily rais'd up a new Wall upon which there were such Disputes and * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Fighting the one to gain and the other to defend the Wall that it was to be admir'd In the mean time while they were thus eagerly contending on both Sides Philip being well furnished with * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Shot mightily gall'd them upon the Wall But the Perinthians though they lost many Men every Day were reinforc'd with Supplies of Men Darts and Shot from Byzantium so that hereby becoming of equal Force with the Enemy they took Courage and valiantly stood to it for the Preservation of their Country However the King remitted nothing of his former Heat and Diligence and dividing his Army into several Battalions girt the City round and relieving his Men by Turns assaulted the Walls continually Night and Day He had an Army of Thirty thousand Men and a vast Multitude of Darts and Engines both for Battery and other Purposes so that the Besieged were very sorely press'd The Siege having now continued long and many of the Townsmen killed and wounded and Provision growing scanty the Town was upon the Point of being surrender'd when Fortune favouring the Distress'd handed to them an unexpected Deliverance For the growing Power of the King being nois'd abroad throughout Asia the King of Persia who now began to suspect the Greatness of Philip commanded by his Letters the Lords Lieutenants of the Sea-Coasts to assist the Perinthians with what Forces they could Upon which they all unanimously sent to Perinthus a great Number of Mercenary Soldiers Plenty of Coin sufficient Provision Weapons and all other Things necessary for War The Bizantians likewise sent thither a Commander and the best of their Soldiers The Forces now equal on both sides and the War reviv'd there was now again so sharp an Encounter both to gain and defend the City as that none could possibly exceed For Philip by the continual Batteries of the Rams brought down part of the Wall and by his Shot forc'd the Besieg'd from the Buâ—warks so that he made his way with a strong Body of Men through the Ruins of the Wall and scal'd the Bulwarks that were before clear'd of them that should have defended them The matter being disputed hand to hand at the Swords point Death and Wounds follow'd inasmuch as the Rewards of Victory put Life into the Valour of both Parties For the Macedonians being assur'd they should have the Plunder of a rich City and likewise be honourably rewarded by Philip were resolv'd valiantly to undergo all Hardships whatsoever The Besieged on the other hand having as it were before their Eyes the Miseries attending a Place taken by Storm with generous and undaunted Resolutions shunn'd nothing of Hazard for their own and the Preservation of their Country The Situation of the Place contributed much all along to the Besieged for the Batteling the Enemy For Perinthus is situated on the Sea-side upon a rising Neck of Land in a Peninsula stretch'd out a Furlong in length The Houses are close together and very high for one stands above another according to the Ascent of the Hill and the Form of the City represents as it were a Theatre And therefore though a large Breach was made in the Walls yet they within were but little prejudic'd thereby for the strait and narrow Passage being barricado'd the higher Houses were instead and as advantageous as a Wall Philip therefore having gain'd the Wall after much Toil and Hazard found another far stronger made by the Situation of the Houses And besides all these Disadvantages he saw that every thing necessary for War was readily and in great abundance sent to them from Byzantium therefore he divided his Army into two Bodies the one half he left with the best of his Commanders to carry on the Siege and with the rest he marches speedily away to Byzantium and lays close Siege to it on a sudden Upon whick the Townsmen were put into great fear and perplexity having before sent away their Soldiers Arms and other things necessary for War to the Perinthians These were the things done at Perinthus and Byzantium at that time Here Ephorus one of the Writers ends his History with the Siege of Perinthus In his Memoirs he comprehends the Affairs both of the Greeks and Barbarians from the return of the * This Return was about the time the Ark was taken by the Philistines 80 Years after the Ruin of Troy before Christ 1100 Years Heraclide for the space of almost Seven hundred and fifty Years and divides his History into Thirty Books to every one of which he
that the Name of the King was only chang'd but that the Government should not be manag'd a jot worse than it was when his Father was alive He courteously likewise gave Audience to the Ambassadors and desir'd the Grecians that they would have the same Kindness for him that they had for his Father which he so esteem'd as that he look'd upon it as part of his Inheritance Then he employ'd himself in the frequent Trainings of the Soldiers and in Martial Exercises and brought the Army readily to submit to his Commands Attalus the Uncle of Cleopatra Philip's other Wife conspir'd to gain the Kingdom and therefore he resolv'd to take him out of the way For Cleopatra was brought to bed of a Son a few Alexander â—n rives how to kill Attalus Days before the Death of Philip and Attalus was sent a little before as General with Parmenio his Colleague with an Army into Asia where by his Bribes and fair Tongue he so gain'd the Hearts of the Soldiers that the Army was wholly at his Devotion Therefore the King conceiv'd he had just cause to be jealous of him lest if he should side with the Grecians who he knew were his Enemies he should by that means gain the Kingdom to himself Therefore he made choice of Heccateus one of his Friends and sent him with a considerable Army into Asia with Command to bring over Attalus alive if Ant. Ch. 333. he could and if he could not effect that to take the first Opportunity to kill him When he came into Asia he join'd his Forces with Attalus and Parmenio and watch'd a fit Opportunity to execute what he was commanded In the mean time Alexander being inform'd that many of the Greciani were hatching some Mischief in order to new Commotions his Thoughts were greatly perplex'd and Conspiracies among the Grecians against Alexander disturb'd For the Athenians Demosthenes stirring them up against the Macedonians rejoyc'd at the News of Philip's Death and resolv'd that the Macedonians should no longer domineer over Greece To this end they sent over Ambassadors to Attalus and privately consulted with him concerning the Management of the whole Affair and stirr'd up many of the Cities to assert their Liberties The Etolians made a Decree to recall the Exiles of Acarnania whom Philip had driven out of their Country The Ambrociots by the Persuasion of Aristarchus drave outthe Garison that was there and restor'd the Democracy The Thebans likewise decreed to cast out the Garison that was in the Citadel of Cadmea and that Alexander should never with their Consent have Command in Greece The Arcadians Ant. Ch. 333. also as they were the only People that refus'd to give their Consent that Philip should be General of Greece so they now rejected Alexander The rest of the Peloponnesians as the Argives Eleans Lacedaemonians and some others were with all their might for their own Government To conclude many of the Nations beyond Macedonia waited for an Opportunity to rebell and great Commotions there were among the Barbarians in those Parts Notwithstanding all which and the Fears that were every where in the Kingdom and though he was but a Youth yet in a short time beyond all expectation he overcame all those Difficulties and made all plain and clear before him reducing some to their Duty by fair and smooth Words and others through fear and dread of Punishments and the rest he compell'd by force to stoop to his Sovereignty In the first place he so far gain'd upon the Thessalians both by Promises of large Rewards and by his smooth and courteous Language telling them how near of kin he was to them by his Descent from Hercules that they by a Publick Decree declar'd him General of Greece as that which descended to him from his Father Having gain'd this Point he brought over the bordering Nations to the same Good Opinion of him Then he went to Pyle and in the Senate of the Amphictyons he so manag'd his Matters that by the General Consent of all he was created Generalissimo of all Greece He assur'd the Ambrociots Alexander made General of Greece in a kind and smooth Oration made to them That he had that Kindness for them that he would presently restore them to that Liberty which they so lately sought to recover But to strike the greater Terror into those that regarded not his Words he came with a swift March with an Army of Macedonians in an hostile manner into Baeotia and encamping near Cadmea struck a Terror into the City of the Thebans About the same time the Athenians hearing of the King 's coming into Boeotia slighted Ant. Ch. 333. him no longer For the Quickness of the Youth and his diligent dispatch of Business greatly terrify'd the Revolters Hereupon the Athenians order'd every thing they had in the Country to be brought into the City and the Walls to be repair'd and guarded as well as they could and sent Ambassadors to Alexander to beg pardon that they had no The Athenians send Ambassadors to Alexander sooner own'd his Sovereignty and order'd Demosthenes to accompany the Ambassadors But he came not with the other to Alexander but return'd from Citherone to Athens either because he was afraid upon the account of the Speeches he had publickly made against the Macedonians or that he was not willing to displease the Persian King For it is reported that he had receiv'd great Sums of Money from the Persians to beat down the Interest of the Macedonians by his Orations Which was hinted they say by Eschines in one of his Speeches wherein he upbraids Demosthenes for taking of Bribes in these Words Now the King's Gold plentifully bears all his Charges But this will not serve his turn long for * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a debaucht Course Covetousness is never satisfy'd with Abundance But to proceed Alexander return'd a very courteous Answer to the Ambassadors which freed the Athenians from their Fears and he order'd all the Ambassadors and * Of the Amphictyons Members of the Council to meet him at Corinth where when those who were usually Members of the General Council were come the King by a gracious Speech so prevail'd with the Grecians that they created him General of all Greece and decreed him Aid and Assistance against the Persians in order to revenge the many Injuries the Greeks had receiv'd Ant. Ch. 333. from them Having gain'd the Honour he thus sought for he march'd back with his Army into Macedonia Having now given an Account of the Affairs of Greece we shall relate next what things were done in Asia For Attalus presently upon the death of Philip began to set up for himself and to that end made a League with the Athenians in order by their joint Concurrence to oppose Alexander But afterwards he chang'd his Mind and fent a Letter written to him by Demosthenes to Alexander and in many smooth and flattering Expressions endeavour'd to
Philip have suffer'd just Punishment He added further That his wonderful Successes and Prosperous Atchievements were Evidences of his Divine Birth For as he was never yet overcome by any so he should be ever Victorious for the time to come Alexander being greatly pleas'd with these Answers after he had bestow'd many rich Alexandria built Ant. Ch. 329. and stately Gifts upon the Oracle return'd back on his way for Egypt where he intended to build a great City In order whereunto when he came there he directed the Overseers of this Work to build it between the Marishes and the Sea and measur'd out the Ground himself and mark'd out the Streets and call'd it Alexandria after his own Name It had a very commodious Situation being near unto the Haven of * An Island near Aegypt now joyn'd to Alexandria by a Bridge thoâ— formerly a days sail as â—omer says Pharos He order'd and contriv'd the Streets with that Prudence as that the Etesean Winds should with their comfortable Gales refresh all parts of the City For these so cool the Air by their Breezes from the * The Medi erranean Great Sea as that the Inhabitants by so welcome and delightful Temperature of the Heat are very healthful He likewise drew a large and wonderful strong Wall round the City and inasmuch as it lay between a large Pond on the one side and the Sea on the other there were but two narrow Ways and Passes by Land to it so that it was easie to be defended by a small Guard The City was in form like unto a Soldier 's Coat one large and beautifully built Street running almost through the middle of the Town in length from Gate to Gate * Five Miles forty Furlongs in breadth an hundred Foot adorn'd with most stately Structures both of Temples and private Houses Alexander likewise built a large and stately Palace of most admirable Workmanship And not only Alexander but all the succeeding Kings of Egypt from time to time to our present Age have enlarg'd this Palace with most costly and sumptuous Buildings The City likewise it self has been enlarg'd in after-times so that by many it is reputed to be one of the Greatest and most Noble Cities in the World for Beauty rich Revenues and plentiful Provision of all things for the comfortable Support of Man's Life far excelling all others and far more populous than any other For when I was in Egypt I was inform'd Ant. Ch. 329. by them that kept the Rolls of the Inhabitants That there were above Three hundred thousand Freemen that inhabited there and that the King receiv'd above Six thousand Talents out of the yearly Revenues of Egypt But when the King had appointed some of his Friends to oversee and take care of the Building of Alexandria and had setled all the Affairs of Egypt he return'd with his Army into Syria As soon as Darius had intelligence of his coming he got all his Forces together and prepar'd all things necessary in order to fight him For he order'd the Swords and Lances Darius his Preparations to be made much longer thinking by that advantage Alexander gain'd the Victory in Cilicia He provided likewise two hundred hook'd Chariots drawn with four Horses a piece so contriv'd as to strike Terror into the Hearts of his Enemies For in every one of them on both sides the Horses which drew the Chariot by Iron Chains were fix'd in the Yoak-Darts of three Spans long with their Points full in the Faces of the Enemy Upon the lower Parts of the Axle-trees were two others fastned directly as those before pointing into the Enemies Faces but longer and broader and at the top of them were fix'd sharp Hooks Having compleatly furnish'd and set forth his Army with glittering Arms and stout Commanders he march'd from Babylon with Eight hundred thousand Foot and no less than Two hundred thousand Horse In his march Tygris was on his right and Euphrates on his left Hand where he past through a very rich Country abounding in Forage for his Horse and supplying sufficient Provision of all Things for his Soldiers Ant. Ch. 329. He made all the haste he could to reach Niniveh there to fight the Enemy because it was a large and Champain Country convenient for the drawing up of so great an Army When he came to a Village call'd Arbela he there encamp'd and every day drew up his Army in Battalia and train'd and exercis'd them for he was much afraid lest amongst so many Nations differing in Language one from another there should be nothing but Tumult and Confusion in the heat of the Fight He had indeed but lately before sent Ambassadors to Alexander to treat upon Terms of Peace and had offer'd to him all the Countries lying within the Liver Halys and Two thousand Talents of Silver and now sent others to him much commending him for his generous and honourable Usage of his Mother and the rest of the Captives and desir'd to make Peace with him and offer'd all the Lands lying within the River Euphrates with Three thousand Talents of Silver and one of his Daughters in Marriage And further promis'd That if he would be content to be his Son-in-Law he should be joint Partner with him in the Kingdom Alexander imparted all these Proposals offer'd to him by Darius to his Friends whom he call'd together for that purpose and wish'd them freely to deliver their Opinions in this matter When none durst speak their Minds in a Business of so high a Concernment Parmenio stood up and said If I were Alexander I would accept of the Terms offer'd and make Peace To whom Alexander reply'd And if I were Parmenio I would do the same And so uttering several other Words manifesting a Greatness and Nobleness of Mind he Ant. Ch. 329. rejected the Conditions offer'd by the Persians and preferring Honour before Profit or other Advantage he spoke to the Ambassadors in this manner As two Suns in the Heaven would disorder the Course of the Universe so two Kings Reigning together upon Earth would turn all into Tumult and Confusion Therefore he commanded them to tell Alexander's Answer to Darius's Ambas 〈…〉 s. Darius That if he affected the Superiority then to come and try it out with him for the whole Empire by the Sword but if he preferr'd Wealth and Ease before Honour that then he should submit to Alexander and so he might Reign over others as a King but yet receive his Kingdom at the hands of Alexander as a Fruit of his Bounty Having said this he presently after broke up the Assembly and march'd with his Army towards the Enemy's Camp In the mean time the Wife of Darius dy'd and Alexander bury'd her honourably according to her Quality When Darius receiv'd Alexander's Answer he was out of all hopes of putting an end to the War by Letters and Messages and therefore he train'd his Soldiers every day thereby making them
together for their remaining Liberties But the Athenians in regard they had receiv'd many Kindnesses and Marks of Honour from Alexander beyond all the rest of the Cities continu'd quiet and firm in their Duty But many of the Peloponnesians and some others entred into the League and inroll'd their Names as Soldiers for the Army so as according as every City was able they sent forth the choicest of their Youth and rais'd an Army of Twenty thousand Foot and Two thousand Horse The Management of the whole War was left to the Lacedaemonians who were resolv'd to lay all at Stake and made Agis General Antipater hearing of the Defection of the Greeks compos'd all Matters relating to the War in Thrace as well as he could and march'd with all his Forces into Greece having no less than Forty thousand Greek Auxiliaries as Confederates Hereupon a great Battel was fought wherein Agis though he behav'd himself with great Valour and Resolution was kill'd and at length the Lacedaemonians having stood to it stoutly for a long time upon their Confederates giving Ground likewise retreated towards Sparta There fell of the Lacedaemonians and their Confederates in this Battel above Five thousand and Three hundred Of those with Antipater Three thousand and Five hundred There was one Thing very Remarkable concerning the Death of Agis Having fought with great Gallantry and Resolution and receiv'd many Wounds he was carry'd off by the Soldiers in order to be brought back to his own Country but being surrounded by the Enemy and finding no likelihood to escape he charg'd his Soldiers forthwith to be gone and preserve themselves for the further Service of their Country He himself remain'd and with his Sword in his Hand fought it out upon his Knees and kill'd several of the Assailants till at length being shot through the Body with a Dart he there dy'd after he had reign'd Nine Years Thus far for Europe we shall now return again to the Affairs of Asia CHAP. VII Alexander comes to Babylon The Wealth found there Views his Troops at Sitacana The Riches there Thence goes into the Country of the Uxians Marches towards Persepolis A Company of maim'd Greeks met Alexander His Bounty to them He takes Persepolis gives it up to the Plunder of the Soldiers The Riches of the Cittadel of Persepolis Alexander's Feast at Persepolis Persepolis burnt at the Instigation of Thais Darius murder'd DArius being routed at Arabela fled towards the higher Provinces to the end that he might both by the distance of the Place recruit himself and likewise have more time to raise a new Army He came first to Ecbatane where he stay'd for some time and there receiv'd his broken Troops that came in to him and arm'd again such as had lost their Arms. He sent likewise for the Militia out of the Neighbouring Provinces and dispatch'd Messengers to the Lord-Lieutenants and Commanders in Bactria and the upper Praefectures wishing them to abide firm to him in their Faith and Loyalty Ant. Ch. 328. In the mean time Alexander after he had buri'd those that were kill'd in the Battel enter'd Arbela where he found abundance of rich Furniture of the Kings and vast Treasures of the Barbarians amounting to Three thousand Talents of Silver But because he judg'd that the Air thereabouts must needs be infected through the Stench of the Bodies that lay there slain he presently remov'd his Camp and came with all his Alexander comes to Babylon Forces to Babylon where he was chearfully receiv'd by the Inhabitants and splendid Entertainment afforded to the Macedonians And there his Army was refresh'd after the many Toils and Difficulties they had undergone And thus in the Confluence of all Things desirable and free and noble Entertainment of the Citizens he continu'd in the City above Thirty Days Then he made Agatho of Pydna Governor of the Castle with a Garison of Seven Hundred Macedonians To Apollodorus of Amphipolis and Menetes of Pelea he gave the Government of Babylon and of all the Prefectures as far as to Cilicia and order'd them to raise what Forces they could and gave them a Thousand Talents for that purpose He made Mithrinas who betray'd the Castle of Sardis Lord Lieutenant of Armenia Of the Monies that he found in Babylon he gave to every Horseman * About 19 l. Six Minas to every Auxiliary Five to each of the Macedonian Phalanx Two and to every Foreign Mercenary Two Months Pay The King removing from Babylon as he was in his March there came to him Recruits from Antipater Five hundred Macedonian Horse and Six thousand Foot Six hundred Recruits come to him Thracian Horse and Three thousand Five hundred Trallians From Peloponnesus Four thousand Ant. Ch. 328. Foot and almost a Thousand Horse Among these were sent Fifty of the Sons of the King 's special Friends from Macedonia design'd by their Fathers to be of the King's Life-Guard Having receiv'd these he march'd forward and came after Six Decampments into the Province of Sitacina And here he stay'd several Days in regard the Country abounded in all Things necessary for the Life of Man and for that he had a mind his Soldiers should refresh themselves after their tedious March And had a Purpose likewise to take a more exact View and Account of his Troops and to inlarge the Commands and Governments of his Captains and Commanders and so to strengthen his Army both by the Number of Soldiers and Valour of their Officers All which he forthwith put in Execution and making choice of the most Deserving with the utmost Care possible he advanc'd many from very considerable Places of Trust and Authority to much higher Preferments by which means he both promoted his Officers and gain'd their Hearts and Affections at the same time He took care also for the better Government of the Common Soldiers and by many new Inventions put every thing into a better Order and Posture than they were before To conclude when he had so manag'd every thing as that he had gain'd the Love of the whole Army and made them in all Points observant to his Commands and was assur'd for Valour they would give Ground to none he march'd forward in order to finish by fighting what further remain'd When he came to the Province of Susiana he presently without any difficulty gain'd the Possession Ant. Ch. 328. of Susa the Royal City the most beautiful Palace of the Universe which was voluntarily surrender'd to him by Abuletes the Lord Lieutenant of the Province But some Writers Enters Susa have said That this was done by order from Darius himself to them that otherwise would have been both Loyal and Faithful to his Interest and that this was done by the Persian King for this end that Alexander being taken up with Matters of such great Moment as taking Possession of famous and noble Cities and loading himself with vast Treasures Darius might gain more time for the raising of fresh
Persepolis and in his way receiv'd Letters from Teridates Governor of the City whereby he signify'd to him That if he hasted away and prevented those that were coming to relieve Persepolis he would deliver the City into his Hand Upon which he made a swift March and pass'd his Army over the River Araxis by a Bridge then laid for that purpose As the King was on his March a most sad Spectacle presented it self which stirr'd up just Hatred against the Author Pity and Compassion for the irreparable Loss of those that suffer'd and Grief and Sorrow in all the Beholders For there met him certain Greeks whom the former Kings of Persia had made Captives and Slaves and fell down at his Feet they were near Eight hundred most of them then old Men and all A Company of Greeks in a sad Condition mâ—t Alexander maim'd some having their Hands others their Hands others their Feet some their Ears and others their Noses cut off If any were expert in any Art and had made a considerable Progress therein all his outward Members were cut off but such only as were necessary for the Management of his Art So that all that beheld their Venerable old Age and the sad mangling of their Bodies greatly pity'd the miserable Condition of these poor Creatures Especially Alexander so piti'd their sad Condition that he could not reâ—rain from Weeping These all with one Voice cry'd out and intreated him That he would Succour and Relieve them in these their Calamities Upon which the King call'd the chiefest of them to him and told them that he would take special Care of him and promis'd he would see them sent honourably to their own Country as became the Dignity of his Person Upon which they consulted together and at length concluded That it was better for them to remain where they were than to return into their own Country For when they were return'd they should be scatter'd here and there and all the Days of their Lives be Mock'd and Despis'd by reason of their sad Misfortunes But if they continu'd together as Fellows in their Misery the Calamity of their Fellow-Sufferers would be an Allay and some Comfort to every one of them in their own Adversities Upon this they made a second Address to the King and declar'd to him what they had resolv'd upon and desir'd him he would afford such Relief to them as was most agreable to their present Circumstances The King consented to what they had determin'd and order'd to each of them Three thousand * Nâ—ar 100 l. Drachmas Five Suits of Rayment to every Man and as many to each Woman and to every one of them Two Yoke of Oxen Fifty Sheep and as many * Every Medimna by some contaâ—â— Eighteen 〈◊〉 Fifty Bushâ—ls Medimnas of Wheat And commanded they should be free from all Taxes and Tribute and gave strict Charge to the Officers employ'd that none should offer them any Injury And thus Alexander according to his natural Goodness and innate Generosity comforted these poor miserable People He then call'd the Macedonians together and told them That Persepolis the Metropolis of the Kingdom of Persia of all the Cities of Asia had done most Mischief to the Graecians and therefore he gave it up to the Plunder and Spoil of the Soldiers except the King's Palace This was the richest City of any under the Sun and for many Ages all the private Houses were full of all sorts of Wealth and what ever was desirable The Macedonians therefore forcing into the City put all the Men to the Sword and rifl'd and carry'd away every Man's Goods and Estate amongst which was abundance of rich and costly Furniture and Ornaments of all sorts In this Place was hurri'd away here and there vast Quantities of Silver and no less of Gold great Numbers of rich Garments some of Purple others embroider'd with Gold all which became a plentiful Prey to the ravenous Soldiers And thus the great Seat Royal of the Persians once famous all the World over was now expos'd to Scorn and Contempt and rifl'd from top to bottom For though every Place was full of rich Spoil yet the Covetousness of the Macedonians was insatiable still thirsting after more And they were so eager in Plundering that they fought one with another with drawn Swords and many who were conceiv'd to have got a greater Share than the rest were kill'd in the Quarrel Some Things that were of extraordinary Value they divided with their Swords and each took a Share Others in Rage cut off the Hands of such as laid hold upon a Thing that was in Dispute They first ravish'd the Women as they were in their Jewels and rich Attire and then sold them for Slaves So that by how much Persepolis excell'd all the other Cities in Glory and Worldly Felicity by so much more was the Measure of their Misery and Calamity Then Alexander seiz'd upon all the Treasures in the Cittadel which was a vast Quantity of The Treasures of Persepolis Ant. Ch. 328. Gold and Silver of the Publick Revenues that had been heaping up and laid there from the time of Cyrus the first King of Persia to that Day For there was there found an Hundred and twenty thousand Talents reckoning the Gold after the Rate of the Curtius l. 5. c. 13. Silver Part of this Treasure he took for the Use of the War and order'd another Part of it to be treasur'd up at Susa To this purpose he order'd that a multitude of Mules both for Draught and Carriage and Three thousand Camels with Pack-saddles should be brought out of Babylon Mesopotamia and Susa and with these he convey'd all the Treasure to the several Places he had appointed For because he extreamly hated the Inhabitants he was resolv'd not to trust them with any Thing but utterly to ruin and destroy Persepolis Of whose Palace in regard of its stately Structure we conceive it will not be impertinent if we say something This stately Fabrick or Cittadel was surrounded with The Dâ—scription of Persepolis a treble Wall The first was Sixteen Cubits high adorn'd with many sumptuous Buildings and aspiring Turrets The second was like to the first but as high again as the other The third was drawn like a Quadrant foursquare Sixty Cubits high all of the hardest Marble and so cemented as to continue for ever On the four Sides are brazen Gates near to which are Gallowes's of Brass twenty Cubits high these rais'd to terrify the Beholders 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Or Crosses of Brass Ant. Ch. 328. and the other for the better strengthening and fortifying of the Place On the East-side of the Cittadel about Four hundred Foot distant stood a Mount call'd the Royal Mount for here are all the Sepulchres of the Kings many Apartments and little Cells being cut into the midst of the Rock into which Cells there 's made no direct Passage but the Coffins with the dead Bodies are
and Wagons loaden with Provision And therefore the King being thus unexpectedly Reliev'd and Preserv'd not only quitted the People from paying of Tribute for the future but bestow'd upon them many other Privileges and bountiful Rewards and chang'd their old Name into Evergetâ— And now when Alexander came into their Country they receiv'd him with all the Demonstrations of Love and Kindness and he rewarded them with marks of his Grace and Favour suitable to his State and Dignity And return'd the like Favour to the Gedrosians their Neighbours who had entertain'd him likewise with the same Respect And over these two Nations he made Teridates Governor In the mean time while he staid in these Parts some brought him Intelligence that Satibarzmes with a great Body of Horse out of Bactria had enter'd the Country of the Arians and had withdrawn the Inhabitants from their Allegiance Upon which the King sent him part of the Army under the Command of Erigyus and Stasanor He himself in the mean time in a few days subdu'd Arachosia and caus'd them to submit to his Government CHAP. IX Alexander marches against the Paromisades His troublesome March. Comes to Mount Caucasus A Battel in Area by Alexander's Officers against Satibarzanes who is kill'd in a single Combat by Erigius Bessus brought to Alexander His Punishment Alexander kills some Barbarians unexpectedly after they had surrender'd their City He marches to the River Indus Mophis his remarkable delivery up of himself and his Army AT the End of this Year Euthycritus was created Chief Governor of Athens Lucius Olymp. 113. 1. Ant. Ch. 326. An. M. 3622. The Cold Country of the Paropamisades Plotius and Lucius Papyrius executing the Office of Roman Consuls At this time was celebrated the Hundred and thirteenth Olympiad Then Alexander led his Army against the Paropamisades This Country lies very far North and is covered over with Snow and by reason of the Sharpness of the Cold People cannot endure to come into their Country The greatest Part of it is open and plain without any Trees and has in it many Towns scatter'd here and there The Roofs of their Houses are cover'd with Tyles running up in shape like a Spire in the Middle is a Hole to let in Light and to evaporate the Smoke And the Walls of their Houses are so close jointed and cemented that the Inhabitants are sufficiently guarded against the Cold. By reason of the great The Descript of the Paropamisades Country Driffs of Snow they keep within their Houses most part of the Year where they have every thing necessary for their Provision laid up in store They cover their Vines and Fruit-Trees all the Winter with Earth and uncover them again when the Spring approaches The Nature of all this Tract is such that nothing that is Green or Pleasant is seen in any Part of it But Snow glittering with Ice covers all Places No sorts of Fowl or Birds breed here no Wild Beasts feed in the Woods or Forests Insomuch as that there 's neither Entertainment for any Stranger nor Hospitality one with another throughout the whole Country Notwithstanding all these Difficulties yet the King encourag'd by Ant. Ch. 326. the Hardness of the Macedonians and put on forward by his own daring Resolution overcame all the Disadvantages of the Place But yet some of the Soldiers and others that straggl'd and kept not up to the rest were so tyr'd that they were left behind Others by the Brightness and Sharpness of the Snow and reflection thereof upon their Eyes were destroy'd Nothing could be seen at a distance save only the smoke that discover'd the Villages which was a sign to the Macedonians that there were Inhabitants not far off The Towns being thus discover'd and gain'd the Soldiers after their great hardships refresh'd themselves with the Plentiful store of Provision they found in the Houses and in a short time all the Inhabitants submitted After this he march'd forward and came near to Caucasus where he Encamp'd That Caucasus Mountain by some is call'd Paropamisus Having pass'd over the Breadth of the Mountain in sixteen days march he built a City call'd Alexandria near the Foot of the Mount at a Pass which opens a Way into Media In the middle of Caucasus is a Rock ten Furlongs in Compass and four in Height wherein the Inhabitants pretend to shew * Promotheus See this Story in Ovid ' Mesam Lib. 1. and other Pâ—â—ts his Cave the Fabulous Vulture's Nest and the Chains and Fetters He built likewise other Cities each distant a days Journey from Alexandria In these he planted Seven thousand of the Barbarians Three thousand of those that follow'd the Camp and as many of the Mercenary Soldiers as would Hence he march'd into Bactria for he heard that Bessus had Usurp'd the Crown and Ant. Ch. 326. had rais'd a Numerous Army These were the things then done by Alexander In the mean time the Commanders that were sent into Area there found the Ring-leaders of the Rebellion with a strong Army under the Command of Satibarzanes an Experienc'd and Valiant General The Armies Encamp'd near to one another and sometimes would engage in considerable Bodies and at others in light Skirmishes by a few on either side At length it came to a General Battel and in the midst of the Fight wherein the Valour of the Barbarians was such that the Issue was very doubtful Satibarzanes himself to discover who he was pluck'd off his Helmet with his own Hand and challenges any of his Enemies Commanders to fight with him Hand to Hand Upon Satibarzanes kill'd by Erigyus in a single Combat in Area which Erigyus makes up to him and a stout Combat there was in which Erigyus was the Victor The Barbarians upon the Death of their General were so disheartned that upon Quarter they gave up themselves to the King In the mean while Bessus had taken upon him the Name of King and having Sacrific'd to the Gods invited his Friends to Feast with him In the midst of his Cups he began to Quarrel with one of his Companions call'd Bagodoras and the Contest growing higher he fell at length into such a Rage as that he resolv'd to kill him but chang'd his Mind through the Persuasion of his Friends Bagodoras thus narrowly escaping with his Life fled in the Night to Alexander The Chief of the Commanders mov'd by the Consideration of his Escape and stirr'd up by hopes of Rewards conspir'd together and Ant. Ch. 326. Bessus brought to Alexander seiz'd upon Bessus and brought him to Alexander for which the King bountifully rewarded them As for Bessus he gave him up into the Hands of Darius his Brother and the rest of his Kindred to punish him in such manner as they thought fit who after they had put him to all manner of Torments and us'd him with all the Despite and Disgrace imaginable they cut his Body into small pieces and hurl'd every part here
knock'd on the Head The Ringleaders of the Sedition in Cyrene being terrify'd with the return of the Exiles Ophellas routs Thimbro made Peace with Thimbro and resolv'd to join with him against Ophellas But Ophellas routed Thimbro and took him Prisoner and recover'd all the Towns and deliver'd the Cities with their Territories into the Hands of Ptolemy And thus the Cyrenians and the Cyrene possessed by Ptolemy neighbouring Cities lost their former Liberty and became subject to Ptolemy Perdiccas and King Philip having overcome Ariarathes and deliver'd the Province to Eumenes and so departed out of Cappadocia When they came into Pisidia they determin'd to raze those two Cities one of the Larandians the other of the Isaurians For in the Laranda s 〈…〉 by Perdiccas life time of Alexander they had killed Balacrus the Son of Nicanor who was appointed to be their General and Governor of the Province Laranda therefore they took upon the first Assault and put all that were able to bear Arms to the Sword and sold all the rest Ant. Ch. 321. for Slaves and laid the City equal with the Ground As for the City of the Isaurians it was large and well fortify'd and mann'd with resolute and stout Men and therefore P. 640. after they had assaulted it two Days together and had lost a great number of Men they were forc'd to draw off For the Inhabitants being plentifully furnish'd with Weapons and all other Things necessary for the enduring of a Siege were resolute to undergo all Hazards and readily sold their Lives for the Defence of their Liberty But upon the third Day having lost many of their Citizens insomuch as they were not able sufficiently to man their Walls for lack of Men they put in execution a most Heroical Piece of Resolution worthy for ever to be remembred For perceiving that they were destin'd to inevitable Destruction and had not Force sufficient for their Defence they judg'd it not advisable to deliver up the City and all that they had to the Will of the Enemy insomuch as their certain Ruin with the most barbarous Usage was obvious before their Eyes Therefore they all unanimously resolv'd to die honourably together to that end in the Night they shut up their Wives Children and Parents in their Houses and set them on The sad Destruction of the City of the Isaurians Justin l. 3. c. 6. says This was done by the Cappadocians And Orosus says the same lib. 3. c. the last fire making Choice by that means to perish and be bury'd together When the Flame mounted up into the Air the Isamians threw all their Wealth and every thing that was Valuable or that might be of any advantage to the Enemy into the Fire The Besiegers were stricken with Admiration at the Sight and ran here and there seeking where to break into the City but those that remain'd upon the Walls for their Defence threw many of the Macedonians down headlong from the Battlements At which Perdiccas much more admir'd and enquir'd what was the Reason that having set all their Houses and every thing besides on fire they were so diligent and careful to defend the Walls At length when Perdiccas with his Macedonians were drawn off from the City the rest of the Isaurians cast themselves headlong into the Fire and so every one's House became a common Sepulchre for himself and all his Relations Perdiccas the next day gave the Ransacking Ant. Ch. 321. of the City to the Soldiers who when the Fire was extinguish'd found much Silver and Gold in the Rubbish the City having been Rich and Prosperous a long time together After this Destruction Perdiccas marry'd two Wives Nicea the Daughter of Antipater to whom he was contracted and Cleopatra Alexander's half Sister the Daughter of Philip Perdiccas marries two Wives by Amyntas Perdiccas indeed had entred into League with Antipater before he was establish'd in his Government and upon that account the Marriage was consummate But after he had gain'd the King's Forces and was possess'd of the Superintendency and Administration of the Affairs of the Kingdom he chang'd his mind For affecting the Affects the Kingdom of Macedon Kingdom his Design was to marry Cleopatra concluding that for her sake and by her Authority the Sovereign Power would be yielded up to him by the Macedonians But because he had no mind as yet to discover his Intentions to comply with the present Circumstances of Affairs he marry'd Nicea lest Antipater should oppose him in his Projects Ant. Ch. 321. But Antigonus smelling out what he was contriving and being one that had a great kindness for Antipater and the most active Man of all the Commanders Perdiccas resolv'd to dispatch him and take him out of the way Loading him therefore with false Accusations and unjust Aspersions his Design appear'd plainly to take away his Life But Antigonus being a crafty Man and of a bold Spirit made as if he would defend himself against those Things that were laid to his Charge But in the mean time he secretly prepar'd for his flight and in the Night with Antigonus secretly opposes him his Servants and his Son Demetrius went aboard some Ships that belong'd to Athens and sail'd into Europe on purpose to confederate with Antipater About that time Antipater and Craterus were in the Field against the Aetolians with Thirty thousand Foot and Two thousand five hundred Horse For they only remain'd unconquer'd of those that were P. 641. engag'd in the Lamian War But the Aetolians though they were press'd upon by such mighty Forces yet were not at all discourag'd but having got together Ten thousand brave sprightly Men betook themselves to the difficult Passes in the Mountains where they had before dispos'd and lodg'd much of their Wealth and all their Wives Ant. Ch. 321. Children and Old People And though they had quitted the Cities that was not Tenable yet they plac'd strong Garisons in those that were fortisied and so undauntedly waited for the approach of the Enemy Antipater and Craterus therefore having entered Aetolia when they saw all the Cities that were weak and untenable forsaken of their Inhabitants made towards them that were posted in the Fastnesses of the Mountains At the first Assault they made upon those dreadful and unaccessable Precipices they lost Multitudes of their Men for the Valour of the Aetolians being supported and confirm'd by the Strength of the Places easily repuls'd the Enemy that ran themselves upon Difficulties that were insuperable But afterwards when Craterus his Soldiers in the Winter had secur'd themselves by Huts and warm Tents the Aetolians were forc'd to abide in the depth of Winter in Places cover'd over with Snow where they remain'd in great lack of Provision so that they were reduc'd to a most desperate Condition For they were The great strait of the Etolians brought to that strait that they must of necessity either leave the Mountains
to cut off all ways and means of Retreat to Alcetas this done those upon the Tops of the Mountains by the Advantage of the steepness and difficulty of the Places easily put the Phalanx to flight Hereupon Alcetas his Men being surrounded with the Multitude of their Enemies and all Passes block'd up between them and their Foot they look'd upon themselves all as dead Men. Therefore seeing no other Remedy or Means left to escape Alcetas with the Loss of Multitudes of his Men at length with much ado broke through his Enemies and got to the Foot Hereupon Antigonus marching down from the Hills with his whole Army and his Elephants the Enemy who were far inferior in Number were mightily terrify'd For all the Confederates were not above Sixteen thousand Foot and Nine hundred Horse whereas the Forces of Antigonus besides Elephants were above Forty thousand Foot Ant. Ch. 319. and Seven thousand Horse Those therefore with Alcetas considering that they should meet with Elephants in the Front and be surrounded with Multitudes of Horse and forc'd to engage with Foot far exceeding them both in Number of Men and in the Skilfulness of their Arms and besides had the Advantage of the higher Ground fell into Confusion and Amazement nay the Enemy hasted and came upon them so fast that they were not able to draw up their Men in due order of Battel so that the whole Army was presently broken in pieces and Attalus Docimus and Polemo and many other Commanders were taken Prisoners But Alcetas with his Life-Guard his Children Alcetas receiv'd into Termessus and those Pisidians that sided with him got into Termessus a City of Pisidia Then Antigonus came to an Agreement with the Captains his Prisoners and the rest he dispos'd of among his own Troops using them with all Humanity and by this means greatly encreas'd his Army But about Six thousand Pisidians valiant Men resolv'd to stick to Alcetas and promis'd they would never desert him upon any Terms whatsoever For they lov'd him intirely for the Reasons following For When Alcetas after the Death of Perdiccas had no Confederates in Asia he determin'd by some acts of Kindness or other to engage the Pisidians because he knew he should thereby gain a Warlike People that had a Country very difficult to enter and full of strong Forts to be his Confederates Therefore in every Expedition he always bestow'd special P. 652 Ant. Ch. 319. Marks of Honour upon them above all the rest of his Confederates For he so divided the Spoil of his Enemies that the Half was ever allotted to them Moreover by his Familiarity and Freedom in Converse daily Invitations of the most eminent Persons amongst them to his Table and by his Bounty and Liberality in bestowing upon them many large Gifts and Rewards he ingross'd to himself the Love of all So that now having anchor'd all his Hopes and plac'd his chiefest Confidence in them he was not frustrated in his Expectation For when Antigonus encamp'd with his whole Army before Termessus and demanded Alcetas to be deliver'd up to him and the Elders of the City had determin'd to give him up all the young Men got together and resolv'd to run all Hazards and the utmost Extremity for his Preservation The Elders indeed at first endeavour'd to disswade the young Men and draw them off from their former Resolve wishing them not to involve their Country in War for the sake of one Macedonian But when they saw that they could not allay the Heat of the young Men they secretly consulted together and in the Night sent away a Messenger to Antigonus and by him faithfully promis'd That they would deliver Alcetas up to him either dead or alive To this end they desir'd him That by assaulting the City for some Days he would decoy the young Men to sally out and while he was skirmishing with them to feign a Flight by this means when the young Men were out of the City and busy in Pursuit they should have an Opportunity to accomplish their Design Antigonus assented hereunto and drew Ant. Ch. 319. off from the City at a further Distance and so egg'd on the young Men to Skirmishes and light Pickeerings The * Or Aldermen Elders now discerning Alcetas left alone they employ'd the faithfullest of their Servants and the most active Men of the City that were not engag'd with him and with them in the Absence of the young Men set upon him but could not take him for he kill'd himself with his own Hand lest he should fall alive Alcetas murder'd into the Power of the Enemy But they laid his Body upon a Bier casting over it a course Cloth and carry'd it out of the Gates and unknown to them that were skirmishing deliver'd it to Antigonus By this Device they freed their Country and prevented a War but they could not avoid the Fury of the young Men. For when they return'd and understood what was done through that ardent Love and Affection they bore Alcetas they were so enrag'd at their Governors that they first possess'd themselves of a part of the City and resolv'd to set the Houses on fire and after to issue out with their Arms and betake themselves to the Mountains and wast and destroy all the Country round belonging to Antigonus But afterwards they alter'd their Purpose as to the burning of the City and began by robbing and spoiling miserably to lay waste a great part of the Enemy's Country In the mean time Antigonus having receiv'd the Body of Alcetas us'd it with all the Disgrace and Contumely imaginable for the space of three Days together and then beginning to putrify contemptuously cast it out without any Burial and so march'd out of Pisidia But the young Men of Termessus bearing still a Love and Respect to the abus'd Body of the Dead took it up and decently bury'd it He was of so kind and obliging a Nature Ant. Ch. 319. that there was something singular in him of Love and Respect to all those that deserv'd well and therefore he was ever towards such unchangeable in his Love and Affection Antigonus having left Pisidia made towards Phrygia with his whole Army When he came to the City of the Cretiens Aristodemus the Milesian brought him the News of Antipater's Death and that the chief Command together with the Protectorship of the Antipater's Death Kings was devolv'd upon Polysperchon the Macedonian He was pleas'd with the News and now his Hopes were exalted for he made it his Business to Rule and Govern all the Affairs of Asia and to gain the Absolute and Sovereign Command there without stooping to any And thus stood the Affairs of Antigonus at this time In Macedonia while Antipater was seiz'd with a grievous Sickness and old Age making way for his Dissolution the Athenians sent Demades who was look'd upon as one P. 653. that had manag'd Things with the Macedonians with a great deal
one left and the very Face of the Country was so chang'd that new Rivers and Ponds appear'd in the room of the Old CHAP. III. The Innundations at Rhodes Antigonus kills Pitho getting him into his power by Dissimulation Then marches into Persia Revolters from Antigonus cut off in Media He divides the Asian Provinces and contrives to destroy all the Argyraspides Gets great Treasure in Susa Cassander besieges Olympias in Pydna The great Distress to which it was reduc'd Amphipolis surrender'd to Cassander He kills Olympias Marries Thessalonices Builds Cassandra Imprisons Rhoxana and her Son Alexander His Expedition into Peloponnesus against Alexander the Son of Polysperchon The History of Thebes Cassander rebuilds Thebes ABout this time hapned a Flood near the City of Rhodes which destroy'd many of the Inhabitants The first Flood did little prejudice because the City was but Olymp. 116. 1. An. M. 3656. Ant. Ch. 314. then newly built and far larger in Compass But the second was more Mischievous and destroy'd Multitudes The last fell out at the Beginning of the Spring accompany'd with violent Storms of Rain and Hail-stones of an incredible Bigness for they were a Mina in weight and sometime more so that they not only beat down Houses but kill'd The 〈…〉 dations at Rhodes many Men. And in regard Rhodes was built in Form of a Theatre and that the Water ran for the most part into one Place the lower Parts of the City were presently fill'd with Water for that the Winter being now look'd upon to be over no care was taken to cleanse the Channels and Aqueducts and the Pipes likewise in the Walls were choked up so that the Waters flowing in altogether on a sudden all the Ground about the * Some Monument in the Town in Memory of some remarkable Event either Goâ—d or Bad. Deigma as it is call'd and the Temple of Bâ—cchuss was fill'd with Water and now it rising up like a standing Pond to the Temple of Esculapius all were in a Consternation and could not agree together what should be done in order to their Preservation Some were for making to the Ships and others for hasting to the Theatre Some now almost surrounded with the Evil that threaten'd them in great Terror and Amazement climb'd up to the top of the highest Altars and others to the top of the Pedestals of the Statues The City being in this Danger to be overwhelm'd and ruin'd with all its Inhabitants Ant. Ch. 314. on a sudden they were unexpectedly deliver'd For the Wall burst asunder in a large Breach and the Water that stood on an Heap made its way through and ran with a violent Current into the Sea and so every one presently had free passage to his own House It was of great advantage to these distressed People that this Inundation was in the day time For most of the Citizens ran to the highest parts of the City for shelter And another advantage was that the Houses were not built of Tile but of Stone so that they who got to the House-tops escap'd without any great Damage However there perish'd in this common Calamity above Five hundred Souls and some of the Houses were born down to the Ground and others very ill torn and shaken And in this danger was Rhodes Antigonus while he Winter'd in Media discover'd Pitho plotting to draw over the Soldiers then in their Winter-Quarters partly by Bribes and partly by fair Promises to his own Interest and to make a Turn and Defection in the Army But Antigonus cover'd and conceal'd his Design and made show as if he gave no Credit to the Informers but chid them as those that contriv'd only to set him and Pitho together by the ears In the mean while he caus'd it to be nois'd abroad That he intended to leave Pitho with a considerable Ant. Ch. 314. P. 696. Army for his Defence Lord-Lieutenant of the higher Provinces and he wrote likewise to him and desired him to hasten to him with all speed that after they had consulted together of some weighty Affairs they might forthwith march away into the Lesser Asia To the parts on the Sea-Coasts Thus he manag'd his Business whereby to remove all ground of Suspicion and to get the poor Man into his hands upon an expectation and hopes to be left Governor of those Provinces For it was a difficult matter to take one by force who was in so great Repute with Alexander and for his Valour advanc'd by him to Places of Honour and who being then Governor of Media was a help and support to the whole Army Pitho was at that time in the furthest Parts of all Media in his Winter-Quarters and had now corrupted many who had promis'd to join with him in the Defection His Friends likewise acquainting him by their Letters with Antigonus his Purpose possess'd him with an Expectation of mighty Things And thus guil'd to Antigonus he went who having now seiz'd his Prey brought him before a Council of War even of his own Antigonus kills Pitho Confederates where he was easily convicted and forthwith had his Head chopp'd off Hereupon Antigonus gathering all his Army together committed the Government of Media to Orontobates a Median born but made Hippostratus General of the Army who Ant. Ch. 314. had Three thousand 500 foreign Foot-Soldiers under his Command He himself taking with him the Body of his Army went to Ecbatana where receiving Five thousand Talents of massie Silver he march'd into Persia and it cost him twenty days march before Antigonus marches into Persia he arriv'd at the Capital City Persepolis In the mean time while Antigonus was on his march Pitho's Friends who were concern'd with him in the Conspiracy the chief of whom was Meleager and Menoetas and other Well-willers of Eumenes and Pitho who were scatter'd abroad into Corners met together to the number of Eight hundred Horse and in the first place wasted the Territories of the Medes who refus'd to join with them Then receiving Intelligence where Revolters from Antigonus cut off in Media Hippestratus and Orontobates lay encamp'd they broke in upon them in the night and were not far off from effecting what they design'd but being overpower'd by number and having only entic'd some of the Soldiers to run the same course with them they were forc'd to retreat yet some of the nimblest of them all being Horse-men made many sudden Incursions upon the Country and caus'd a great Consternation and Hubbub amongst them but were atlast inclos'd in a place compass'd about with Rocks and were there all kill'd or taken But Meleager and Cranes the Median and some of the better sort of them stood it out to the last and died with their Swords in their hands And this was the Condition of the Conspirators in Media As for Antigonus as soon as he came into Persia the People honour'd him as a King as he that was now undoubtedly absolute Lord of all
and that the Enemy was surrounding them at their backs they were forc'd likewise to give way and be gone The whole Carthaginian Army being thus put to flight the Barbarians made toward Carthage whom Agathocles pursu'd but a little way and then return'd and took the Pillage of the field In this Battle were slain Two hundred Grecians and not above a Thousand Carthaginians though some have written above Six Thousand Amongst other rich spoiles there were found many Chariots in the Carthaginians Camp in which were carri'd above Twenty thousand pair of Fetters and Manacles For concluding that they would easily overcome the Greeks they agreed together to take as many Prisoners as they could and threw them into the Dungeons setter'd hand and foot but God I conceive purposely sets himself by meer contrary Events to cross the expectations of such who proudly before hand resolve what shall absolutely be done Agathocles having now Routed the Carthaginians both beyond their and even his own expectation blockt them up within their Walls and thus we see Fortune whose common Course it is to make Chequer-work of good and bad success of Routs and Victories in their several turns now humbled the Conquerors as well as those that were before conquered For the Carthaginians after they had beaten Agathocles in Sicily in a great Battle besieg'd Syracuse and now Agathocles having Routed them in Africa Besieges Carthage And that which was most to be admir'd was that this Prince was beaten by the Ant. Ch. 308. Barbarians in the Island when all his Forces were with him whole and intire but now is Victorious in the Continent over the Conquerors with a piece of a broken and shatter'd Army The Carthaginians therefore concluding that this miserable misfortune was brought upon them by the Gods they all betook themselves to Prayers and Supplications to the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 All sorts of Prayers Deity especially thinking that Hercules the Tutelar god of their Country was angry at them they sent a vast sum of Mony and many other rich Gifts to Tyre For in as much as they were a Colony which came out from them they us'd in former Ages to send the Tenth part of all their Revenues as an Offering to that God But after that they grew wealthy and their Revenues very great they began to flack in in their Devotion and sent thither but a small pittance to their God Being therefore brought to repentance by this remarkable Slaughter they remembred all the Gods in Tyre they sent likewise out of their Temples to the Images of Golden Shrines in order to Supplications supposing they should prevail the more in averting the Anger of the God by sending sacred gifts to pacifie him They gave just cause likewise to their God Saturn to be their Enemy for that in former times they us'd to sacrifice to this god the sons of the most eminent persons but of later times they secretly bought and bred up Children for that purpose And upon strict search made there were found amongst them that were to be sacrific'd some Children that were chang'd and put in the place and room of others Weighing these things in their Minds and now seeing that the Enemy lay before their Walls they were seiz'd with such a pang of Superstition as if they had utterly forsaken the Religion of their Ant. Ch. 308. P. 740. Fathers That they might therefore without delay reform what what was amiss they offer'd as a publick sacrifice Two hundred of the Sons of the Nobility and no fewer than Three hundred more that were liable to censure voluntarily offered up themselves Cruel Superstition for among the Carthaginians there was a Brazen Statue of Saturn putting forth the Palms of his Hands so bending towards the Earth as that the Boy that was laid upon them in order to be sacrific'd should slip off and so fall down headlong into a deep fiery Furnace Hence it 's probable that Euripides took what he fabulously relates concerning the sacrifice in Taurus where he introduces Iphigenia asking Orestes this Question 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But what Sepulchre will me dead receive Shall th' Gulf of Sacred Fire then me have The ancient Fable likewise that is common among the Grecians that Saturn devour'd his own Children seems to be confirm'd by this Law among the Carthaginians But after this change of affairs in Africa the Carthaginians sent to Amilcar into Sicily The actions at Syracuse to hasten over to their assistance with all speed and order'd that all the Beaks of Agathocles his Ships should be carri'd to him When the Messengers arriv'd he commanded them not to say any thing of the Routing of their Forces but to noise it abroad among the Soldiers that Agathocles his Fleet and Land Army were both utterly destroy'd And he himself sent away some that were newly come from Carthage to Syracuse together Ant. Ch. 308. with the Iron Beaks to demand the delivery up of the City and to tell them that all their Forces were cut off by the Carthaginians and their whole Navy burnt and that if they would not believe them the Beaks of their Vessels there shew'd were a sufficient evidence of the truth of what they related when they that were in the City heard of this overthrow of Agathocles many believ'd it But the leading men of the City minding to keep private a matter that was yet uncertain and to prevent Tumults forthwith dismist the Messengers and sent them away They cast out of the City likewise the Kindred and friends of the Exiles and Eight thousand at least of others that seem'd to be uneasie under the Government whereupon when so great a Number on a suddain were forc'd to leave the place of their Birth the City was full of Confusion Lamentation and crying of Women running up and down in the Streets neither was there any House at this time that had not its share of weeping and mourning For they who favour'd the Tyrant bewail'd the Ruin of Agathocles and the loss of their Sons others wept for those of their friends who they suppos'd were all cut off in Africa others griev'd and mourn'd for them that were compell'd to forsake their Houses and the Gods of their Fore-fathers and who were neither suffer'd to stay nor could get well out of the City by reason of the Siege And besides these most grievous and bitter sufferings which they labour'd under they were forc't to fly with their Wives and drag along with them their little young Children But Amilcar courteously receiv'd and secur'd the Exiles and march'd to Syracuse with his Army as if he should forthwith possess himself of the City Ant. Ch. 380. upon the account of the place being destitute of Inhabitants and the misery those were in as he heard who were left behind However he sent Messengers before and promis'd pardon to Antandrus and all those that sided with him if he
Postpones the true pleasure of the thing at too great a distance from the first Relation Bomilcar therefore picking out a select number of Men in the * Neopo 〈…〉 New City as it 's call'd not far distant from the Old Carthage dismist all the rest then having call'd togther Five hundred of the Citizens who were * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ‑ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 privy to his Design and about a Thousand Mercenary Soldiers he declar'd himself sole Monarch of the Carthaginians Then he divided his Troops into Five Bodies and set upon the City killing all that he met in the High-ways upon which an incredible Terror and Amazement possest the whole City At first the Carthaginians suspected that the Town was betray'd and that the Enemy had broke in by that means But when the Truth was known the young Men Marshall'd themselves and made against the Tyrant who hasten'd into the Forum killing all he met in the Streets and slaughtering great numbers of naked and unarm'd Citizens But Ant. Ch. 306. the Carthaginians mounting the tops of the Houses that were round about 〈◊〉 Market-place cast down showers of Darts from thence so that the Conspirators the place being altogether expos'd to the Shot were gall'd most grievously Whereupon in a 〈◊〉 Body they forc'd their way through the narrow Passes and got into the New City being ply'd and wounded with Darts and Arrows all along as they came under the Houses Then possessing themselves of a Hill the whole City being now in Arms the Carthaginians drew up their Camp in the face of the Rebels At length they sent some P. 756. of the Ancientest and Gravest of their Citizens to them and remitted what was past and so all things were peaceably compos'd Towards all the rest indeed they perform'd their Articles and because of the Cloud that hung over the City pass'd by the Crimes committed but without any regard had to their Oaths they most ignominiously tormented Bomilcar and put him to death And thus the Carthaginians when their Common-wealth was near upon the point of expiring recover'd their Ancient Form of Government In the mean time Agathocles loaded all his Transport-Ships with Spoils and such of the Agathocles sends Spoils to Syracuse most lost in a Storm Cyreneans as he found not fit and serviceable for the War he put on board and sent them to Syracuse But a fierce Tempest overtook them in which some of the Ships were lost and others were cast upon the Pithecusian Islands bordering upon Italy so that very few arriv'd at Syracuse In Italy the Roman Consuls assisted the Marsilians who were sorely prest by the Samnites Affairs of Italy and were Conquerors killing great numbers of the Enemy upon the place Then they march'd through the Country of the Umbri and invaded Hetruria then in War with them and took a Castle call'd Caprium by Storm But the Inhabitants sending their Ambassadors to Treat upon Terms of Peace they made Peace with the Tarquinians for Forty Years But with the rest of the Hetrurians only for one Year CHAP. III. Demetrius frees all the Grecian Cities takes the Pireum at Athens Demetrius Phalerius flies to Ptolemy Honours given to Demetrius in Athens He sails to Cyprus his Acts there Besieges Salamis His great Engines Ptolemy sails to Cyprus Sea Fight between Ptolemy and Demetrius wherein Ptolemy is routed Antigonus takes the Title of King and the like do several other Captains Agathocles his Acts at Utica in Africk Ty'd pris'ners to a great Engine The sorts of People in Africa Xenodocus routed in Sicily by Agathocles his Captains Agathocles his Acts in Sicily What was done by Archagathus in Africa Maschala inhabited by some Greeks that came from Troy Apes their Custom among the Pithecusce The Carthaginians draw out Thirty thousand Men out of Carthage Misfortunes to Agathocles his Captains in Africa The Army block'd up and almost starv'd Agathocles beats the Carthaginians at Sea near Syracuse His Captain Leptines harasses the Agrigentines Agathocles Feasts the Syracusians His jocund Temper His Cruelty Routed in Africa Carthaginian Camp burnt The misfortune afterward to both Armies by one Cause Agathocles in Chains by his own Men. Steals out of Africa The Soldiers kill his Two Sons They make Peace with the Carthaginians Agathocles his exceeding Cruelty at Aegista and afterwards at Syracuse AT the end of the Year Anaxicrates was Created Chief Governor of Athens and Olymp. 118. 2. Ant. Ch. 305. Appius Claudius and Lucius Volutius Consuls at Rome At this time Demetrius the Son of Antigonus being furnish'd with Two strong Armies one by Land and the other by Sea and provided of Weapons and all other necessaries for the War set forth from Ephesus with full Orders and Instructions to set all the Grecian Cities at liberty and in the first place to free Athens that was then held by a Garison of Cassander's To this purpose he arriv'd at the Pireum with his Fleet and upon his first arrival caus'd the Edict to Demetrius set all the Cities in Greece free be proclaim'd and then assaulted the Pyreum on every side But Dionysius the Governor of the Fort Mynichia and Demetrius Phalerius whom Cassander had made President of the City with a strong Body of Men beat off the Enemy from the Walls But some of Antigonus's Men forc'd their way near the Shoar and scal'd and got over the Walls whereupon many within came in to them as their Assistants and in this manner was the Pyrcum taken Dionysius the Governor fled into Mynichia and Demetrius Phalerius into the City The next day he with some others was sent by the City to Demetrius and after he had treated with him concerning the Liberty of the City and his own preservation Demetrius Phalerius flies into Aegypt he prevail'd so far as to be dismiss'd with a safe Conduct and so without any further Care or Concern for Athens he fled to Thebes and thence to Ptolemy into Egypt And thus he who had Govern'd the City for the space of Ten Years was in this manner thrust out of his Country The People of Athens being hereupon restor'd to their Liberty Ant. Ch. 305. decreed publick Honours to them that were the Authors of their Deliverance Demetrius forthwith brings up his Engines and Battering Rams and Besieges Munychia both P. 757. by Sea and Land But the Dionysians made a stout resistance and by the advantage and difficulty of the heighth of the places to be Assaulted beat off the Demetrians for Munychia is not only strong by Nature but by Art also defended by high Walls though Demetrius indeed far exceeded the other in number of Men and Warlike preparations At length after the Assault had continu'd for the space of Two Days together many of those within being wounded and kill'd by the Shot from the Engines so as that there were not Men enough left to defend the Place the Garison Soldiers began to Flag In the mean time
in which were carri'd about Forty thousand Soldiers together with Horse and Auxiliaries from the Pirats Besides there were on Board abundance of all sorts of Darts Arrows and other Engines fit for the carrying on of an Assault And along with all these there follow'd almost a Thousand Vessels belonging to private Men full of Wares and Merchandize And whereas the Country of the Rhodians had been free from all devastations for many years together a vast multitude of men that had inricht themselves by the losses of others in the War flockt thither from all places Demetrius therefore drawing up his Fleet in a line of Battle as ready prepar'd for a Sea sight commanded his Men of War Ant. Ch. 303. which carri'd Engines upon their Fore Castles to cast Darts and Arrows of three spans long to sail before and the Transport Ships and such as had Horses on board they that row'd in lesser Vessels tow'd after them by Cable Ropes In the Rear came the Pirats Vessels and a numerous Company as is before said of Merchants Ships loaden with Corn and other Provisions so that all the Sea between them and the Island and opposite shoar seem'd to be cover'd over with Ships which struck a great Terror and Amazement into those that had the prospect from the City For the Rhodian Soldiers who were plac'd upon the Walls there waited for the Enemies approach the old Men and Women likewise had a prospect of them from the tops of their Houses for the City was in its situation like a Theater and all being amaz'd and terrifi'd with the greatness of the Fleet and glittering of the Arms were in no small perplexity for all they had in this World was now lying at stake Demetrius now at last arriv'd at the Island and Landed his Men and then encampt Rhodes bes 〈…〉 by Demetrius near the City but not within the Cast of a Dart which done he forthwith sent out some of the Pirats and others fit for the purpose to spoil and pillage all before them both by Sea and Land He cut down also all the Trees of the Country next adjoining and raz'd the Towns and with the Timber and materials from thence he fortifi'd his Camp drawing round it a treble Trench and many great and strong Ramparts so that by the misery and losses of the Enemy he effectually provided for his Armies security Then by the labour of his whole Army and the Seamen that came along with him in a few daies he took in with a Rampart of Earth all that part of Ground lying between his Landing place and the City and inlarg'd the Haven for the more commodious Ant. Ch. 300. riding of his Ships In the mean time the Rhodians sent Ambassadors to him intreating him he would not do any thing that might be irreparable But when they perceiv'd he would not hearken to any Terms laying aside all hopes of composing matters they sent Messengers to Ptolemy Lysimachus and Cassander praying their assistance because that War was made upon them upon their account Both Inhabitants that were not Free of the City and Foreigners lately come in were admitted to take up Arms if they thought fit for defence of the place the rest of the Rabble tha were useless they put forth out of the City both to prevent scarcity of Provision and lest any uneasie under the present Circumstances they were in should betray the Town Then taking an account of the number of them in Arms they found there were of the Citizens Six thousand of Inhabitants and strangers One thousand They made likewise a Decree that all Servants that had approv'd themselves honest and faithful in all hazards and dangers P. 776. should be bought off from their Masters and set free and inroll'd into the number of the Citizens Then a Proclamation was made that whosoever di'd in the War should be buri'd at the publick charge and that his Parents and Children should be maintain'd out of the City Treasury that Portions should be given to the Daughters out of the publick stock and that the Sons when they were grown up should be crown'd and adorn'd in the Theater at the time of the Festivals of Bacchus with all sorts of Arms and Armour With these promises all were presently excited to stand to it to the last and Ant. Ch. 303. indure the utmost extremity and then they made it their business as far as it was possible to provide all other things that were necessary for all being unanimous the Rich brought in their Money and the Smiths and other workmen earnestly set themselves to the making of Arms and all were so intent upon their business that every one strove to exceed each other Some therefore imploi'd themselves in making Engines to cast Darts and shoot stones and others in making and preparing other things same repair'd the Walls where they were defective and many loaded men with stones to carry to the Walls They sent out likewise Three swift sailing Vessels against the Enemy and the Merchants that brought them in Provision These setting on them upon a sudden sunk many of the Merchant Ships who were gone ashore to rob and spoil the Country and burnt no few that were driven up to land and what they receiv'd for the Redemption of Captives they brought with them back into the City For the Rhodians had agreed with Demetrius what the value of Redemption on both sides should be that is for every Freeman a Thousand Drachma's and for every Servant and Bondman Five hundred Demetrius being furnish'd with plenty of all things necessary for the making of Engines began to make two call'd Testudo's the one against the Engines Ant. Ch. 303. that cast stones and the other against those that shot Darts and Arrows these they plac'd upon the Foredecks of two Transport Ships which mov'd from place to place and were chain'd close together He likewise made two Towers four stories high apiece higher than those Turrets belonging to the Town in the Harbour both which likewise were plac'd upon two Ships of equal height and joyn'd one to another that both might be equally ballast when they were forc'd forward He built likewise a Rampart upon a Fore footed piece of Timber nail'd together to float upon the Water in order to beat off the Enemy in any Attack they might make upon the Ships where the Engins were plac'd At the same time while he was making these he got together a Number of the strongest Water Boats and fenc'd them with Boards and Planks round and made Loop-holes in the sides to shut at pleasure and in these he plac'd Engines to shoot Darts and Arrows of three spans long at a great distance together with such Soldiers as knew very well how to make use of them and with them some Cretian Archers Coming up therefore with his Ships within the Cast of a Dart he sorely gall'd the Townsmen with his Darts and Arrows being the Engines in
bound together by Plates of Iron In the middle part he plac'd strong Planks of Timber a Cubit distance one from another for those that forc'd the Engine forward to stand upon The whole was mov'd upon Eight strong and large Wheels whos 's Felloes were Two Cubit thick cover'd with strong Iron Plates Thwart over the Spokes were contriv'd * Instruments to turn the Engine P. 780. Antistâ—â—pta's to turn about the Engine in a trice when ever they pleas'd At every corner of the Machine were Pillars rais'd little less than a hundred Cubits high every one of an equal length so compacted together as that the whole Machine was Nine Stories high In the first were Three and forty Beds and in the highest Nine The three sides of the Engine were lin'd on the outside with Iron Plates fastn'd with Nails to prevent all damage from Fire that might be shot or cast from the City In every Story at the Front were made Loop-holes proportionable and in shape to the nature of the Artillery that was thence to be discharged To these were Shutters fastn'd to the Engine to draw up for the better defence of them within that threw the Darts for they were lin'd with Skins stuff'd with Wooll to deaden the force of the Stone-shot Every Story was furnish'd with two Ant. Ch. 30â— large Ladders that whatever was necessary might be brought in to them at one and the same time by one while others were going down upon other occasions by the other that so every thing might be dispatcht without tumult and confusion There were chosen out of the whole Army the strongest Men to the number of Three thousand and four hundred to move the Engine forward of whom some from within and others plac'd behind so forc'd it forward that Art and Strength together much facilitated the motion He mad also * Artificial Covers over Mens Heads made of strong Timber covered over with raw S 〈…〉 Testudo's by some to fill up Trenches and Ditches and with others to bring up Battering Rams He made likewise Galleries through which they that were imploy'd might pass and repass with safety at their pleasure By the help and assistance likewise of the Seamen he plain'd and laid even all the way along which the Engines were to be brought up to the space of Four Furlongs so that the breadth of the Work fac'd as much of the City-Wall as consisted of Six Divisions between the Turrets and of Seven of the Turrets themselves The multitude of Artificers and Workmen that were got together were no less than Thirty thousand Men. Every thing therefore through multitude of hands being perfected and compleated sooner than could be imagin'd Demetrius became a Terror to the Rhodians for not only the greatness of the Engines and the multitude of Men but the Valour and Diligence of the King in carrying on of Sieges amaz'd them Ant. Ch. 302. for he was extraordinary ingenious in invention and contriv'd many things beyond all the Art and Industry of the Artificers whence he got the Name of * Poliorches 〈◊〉 Poliorches for he was so fierce and violent in his Assaults that no Wall seem'd to be so strong as to be a sufficient Defence to the Besieg'd against him And besides he was so Tall and Beautiful that he look'd like a Demy God insomuch as those who came to him but as Guests and Strangers and saw his Gracely Meen cloath'd with Royal Majesty they were struck with Admiration and would often attend upon him in his Expeditions meerly to have the satisfaction in looking at him Moreover he was of an high and noble Spirit that scorn'd not only to stoop to the common sort but even to Princes themselves And that which was most strange and peculiar only to himself was in times of Peace he was given to Drukenness and Banqueting to Dancing and Rioting and would imitate even the Manners of Bacchus himself such as is fabulously reported he us'd to practise when he was upon Earth But in times of War he was very active and serious insomuch as he went beyond all the rest both as to his Head and Hand when any thing was to be done For in his time and by his contrivance were made the greatest Darts and such sort of Engines as far exceeded all other Nations in the World And after this Siege and his Father's Death he launch'd forth the greatest Ships that ever were before seen In the mean time the Rhodians perceiving how the Enemy's Works went on built another Wall within answerable to that which was now presently to be Assaulted and to this purpose they us'd the Stones that Wall'd in the Theater and pull'd down some neighbouring Houses and some Temples for the same purpose vowing to the Gods to build larger and fairer Ant. Ch. 302. P. 781. The Acts of the Rhodian Sea-Captains if the City were preserv'd They sent out likewise Nine Ships and commanded the Captains that infesting every part and surprizing what Ships they could they should sink some of those they took and bring in others into the City Harbour These Captains divided their Squadron into three parts Damophilus with the Ships which the Rhodians call'd * Guard Ships Phalacidae sail'd to * Carpathus an Island between Rhodes and Creete now Scarpanto Carpathus were surprizing many of Demetrius's Fleet he sunk some and burnt others that were drawn up upon the Shoar making choice of such Prisoners as might be most useful and serviceable and many Ships that were carrying Corn and other Fruits out of the Island he brought away with him into his own Country Menedemus who commanded three small * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gallies betwixt two and three Tire of Oars made for Patara and Lycia and there found a Ship at Anchor and burnt her all her Men being before gone off to Land He took likewise many of the Enemies Transport Ships which carry'd Provisions to their Camp and sent them to Rhodes He took also a Ship of Four Tire of Oars coming out of Cilicia which carry'd a Royal Robe and other rich Furniture which Phila Demetrius his Wife had curiously wrought and had sent as a Present to her Husband He order'd the Garments to be convey'd into Egypt for they were Purple Robes fit for none to wear but Kings but the Ship he took away with him and sold all the Seamen he had taken both out of the Galley of four Tire of Oars and other Vessels Amyntas who commanded the other Ships sailed to the Islands and Ant. Ch. 302. falling in with some of the Enemy that were conveying away something of use for the Engines he sunk some of the Ships and brought in others to the City in which were taken Eleven famous Artificers most expert Artists in making of Darts and Engines After this was call'd a General Assembly wherein it was propos'd that the Statues of Antigonus and Demetrius should be pull'd down affirming that
as Demetrius should make Choice of except such as were Magistrates And thus the Rhodians after a whole Year's Siege put an end to the War honouring those with just Rewards who had approv'd themselves honest and faithful to their Country and such Slaves as had behav'd themselves stoutly and valiantly they set free and enroll'd them as Members of the City They set up likewise the Statues of the Kings Ptolemy Cassander and Lysimachus and of some others inferiour to them yet who had contributed much to the Preservation of the Place But that they might express their Gratitude Ant. Ch. 302. and Thankfulness to Ptolemy above all the rest they sent some of their Priests to consult the Oracles of Ammon whether they should worship Ptolemy as a God or no And being answer'd That they should they consecrated to him a Four-square Grove in their P. 785. City building on every side thereof a Gallery of a Furlong in length and call'd it Ptolemeum or Ptolemy's Gallery They repair'd also the Theatre and the Parts of the Walls that were thrown down and made them and all the other Places that had been ruin'd far more Beautiful and Glorious than they were before Demetrius having ratifi'd the Peace with the Rhodians according to his Father's Commands loos'd from thence with his whole Army and passing by the Islands he arriv'd at Aulis in Boeotia minding with all speed to set the Grecians at Liberty for Cassander and Polysperchon grown bold through the absence of the Enemy had not long before wasted and harrass'd many Parts of Greece And first of all he freed the City of the Calcideans from a Garison of the Boeotians and forc'd the Boeotians out of fear of him to fall off from their League with Cassander Afterwards confederating with the Aetolians he prepar'd to make War upon Polysperchon and Cassander During these Transactions Eumelus the King of Bospherus Cimmerius having now reign'd Vid. antea Olymp. 17. 3. how he di'd Ant. Ch. 302. Six Years ended his Days after whom succeeded Sparticus his Son who reign'd Twenty Years Having now given an Account of the Affairs of Greece and Asia we shall pass over to other Parts of the World In Sicily Agathocles on a sudden and without any Provocation invaded the Inhabitants Agathocles robs the Liparians of the Lipari Islands being then in full and perfect Peace and Security and exacted from them Fifty Talents of Silver At which time many thought that 't was then spoken from a Divine Spirit when 't was said That God would remarkably pursue him for his Wickedness The Liparians then desir'd him that he would give some time to make up the Money that was short declaring that to that time they never made use of the Dedicated Treasure But Agathocles forc'd him to give him the Money that was in the * In the Prytaneum Sacred Treasury Upon some of which was stamp'd the Image of Aeolus and upon others Vulcan and when he had got it he set sail and away he went But there arose a Storm that broke in pieces Eleven of the Ships that carry'd the Money Which gave occasion to many to conclude that Aeolus who is said to have Command of the Winds in those Parts executed Vengeance upon him at his first setting forth And that Vulcan at his latter end punish'd the Tyrant in his own Country according to the just Desert of his Wickedness burning him alive with hot Coals For it was one and the same Justice and Divine Will that forbore and pass'd over those that sav'd and preserv'd their Parents at the Foot of Mount Aetna and that exerted his Power in punishing those that had impiously prophan'd the Deity But what is now said concerning the Return and Misfortunes of Agathocles shall be further Ant. Ch. 302. confirm'd when we come to the Time proper for that Relation but now we must apply our selves to what was done in those Parts of Italy that lay bordering one upon another The Romans and Samnites after a War of Two and twenty Years and Six Months continuance by their mutual Ambassadors at length made Peace one with another But Sempronius one of the Consuls broke into the Country of the Aequi and took Forty Towns in Forty Days time at the most and bringing the whole Country into absolute Subjection to the Roman Yoke return'd home and most worthily and gloriously triumph'd But the Romans enter into a League with the Marsi Peligni and Marrycini When the former Year was ended Leostratus was chosen Chief Magistrate of Athens for this succeeding and Servius Cornelius and Lucius Genucius were created consuls at Rome Olymp. 119. 2. Ant. Ch. 301. In the time of whose Governments Demetrius resolv'd to make War upon Cassander and to restore Liberty to the Grecians and above all other Concerns to put the Affairs of Demetrius 〈◊〉 the Cities in Greece at Liberty Greece into a good and happy Condition because he hop'd by the Liberty granted thereby both to advance his own Reputation as also to break those Captains of Cassander's as were join'd with Prepalaus and that by falling upon Cassander he should gain the Sovereign Power to himself The City of Sicyon was then held by a Garison of Ptolemy the King of which Philip a brave and gallant Man was Governor upon this Place Demetrius P. 786. made a sudden Attack in the Night and broke in within the Walls whereupon the Garison Soldiers presently hurri'd into the Castle Demetrius being now possess'd of the Town posted himself between the Houses and the Cittadel and being just upon the point of bringing up his Engines they within were so terrify'd that they surrender'd upon Terms and then sail'd away into Aegypt Afterwards having prevail'd with the Sicyons to remove and settle themselves within the Castle he laid that part of the City that adjoin'd to the Haven even to the Ground which was a Place before every way strongly fortify'd Then joining with the Inhabitants and helping them to build * In the Cittadel Houses and restoring them to their former Liberty he was honour'd by these he had thus oblig'd as a Demi-God for they call'd the City Demetriades and appointed Sacrifices Festivals and Sports with other Honours to be Yearly celebrated and offer'd in Memory of him as the Builder of their City But Time and Turns of Fortune put an end to these Solemnities The Sicyons therefore being fix'd in a far better Place than they were before have continu'd there from that very time to this day For the Site of the Citadel is large and Plain compass'd in on every side with inaccessible Rocks so as no Engine can possibly approach or come near it It 's furnish'd likewise with plenty of Water by which the Inhabitants greatly inrich their Gardens and Orchards And therefore all approv'd the Wisdom and ingenious Contrivance of the King that had provided for them every Ant. Ch. 301. thing conducing to their Pleasure
succinct an Account as we can tracing the Steps of Homer Hesiod and Orpheus George Monachus or the Monk who writ in Greek a Chronical History Out of the History of Diodorus concerning the Corinthian Kingdom HAving given an Account of these Things it remains we should now speak of Corinth and Sicyon how they were planted and inhabited by the Doreans for almost all the Nations in Peloponnesus except the Arcadians were removed from their ancient Seats at the time of the return of the Heraclidae who leaving out Corinth in the Division sent Messengers to Aletes and gave him the said Province together with the neighbouring Territory This Man became very famous and enlarg'd Corinth where he reign'd 38 years After his Death the eldest and next of Kin ever succeeded in the Kingdom down to the Reign of Cypsellus 427 years after the return of the Heraclidae The first that reign'd at Corinth after Aletes was Ixion who held the Kingdom 38 years After whom Agesilaus reign'd 37 years and after them Prumnes 35 years and his Son Bacches as long who was the most famous and renown'd of any of his Ancestors so that those that reign'd after him were not call'd Heraclidae but Bacchidae After Bacches Agelas enjoy'd the Throne 30 years Eudamus 25 Aristomedes 35 who after his Death left behind him a Son call'd Telestes a little Child who was depriv'd of his Father's Kingdom by Agemon his Uncle and Guardian who reign'd 16 years After him Alexander came to the Crown and enjoy'd it 25 years and was then kill'd by Telestes who had been before depriv'd of the Kingdom of his Ancestors which he now regain'd and possess'd it 12 years and then was murder'd by some of his own Kindred and Automenes reign'd in his stead One year after which the Bacchidae the Posterity of Hercules enjoy'd the Kingdom for above 200 years and all govern'd together with equal Authority but every year they created one among themselves Prytanis who had the Power of a Monarch for 90 years till the time of the Reign of Cypsellus who put an end to that sort of Government These therefore are the Kings of Corinth Bacches reign'd 35 years The same George of the Original of the Romans A Fragment out of the 7th Book of Diodorus Siculus SOme Writers have erroniously held that Romulus who built Rome was the Son of Aeneas But this cannot possibly be true since there were many Kings that reign'd in course between Aeneas and Romulus the City being built the 2d Year of the 7th Olympiad which was above 430 years after the Trojan War For Aeneas gain'd the Kingdom of the Latines 3 years after the Destruction of Troy and reign'd only 3 years and after his Death was ador'd as a God Ascanius his Son succeeded him and built Alba call'd at this day Longa. He gave the City this Name from the River which was then call'd Alba and now Tiber But Fabius who writ an History of the Roman Affairs speaks otherwise of the naming of this City For he tells a Story how Aeneas was foretold by the Oracle that a Four-footed Beast should shew him the way to the Place where a new City should be built which came thus to pass Being about to sacrifice a * Alba is White White Sow then big with Young made her escape and ran away to a Hill whither she was pursu'd and there she brought forth 30 Pigs Aeneas wondring at the Accident and calling to mind the Answer of the Oracle forthwith went about to settle Inhabitants in the Place but being warn'd by a Vision in the Night to desist and not to build till after 30 years then next ensuing he left off his Design till the number of Years was compleated The Eclogs or Fragments of Diodorus Siculus out of the 21 st 22 d 23 d 24 th 25 th and 26 th Books that are now lost Out of the 21st Book 1. ALL Vice is to be avoided by every Wise Man but especially Covetousness For this through hopes and desire of Gain prompts many to acts of Injustice and so becomes the occasion of the greatest Mischiefs to Mankind For being * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Olymp. 119. 4. Ant. Ch. 299. in the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 very highest Sphere of Wickedness it involves not only mean Men but even Kings themselves in extream Calamities For Antigonus King of Asia as an Example of this Truth out of his insatiable desire beginning a War against Four other Kings who join'd against him viz. Ptolemy Lagus King of Aegypt Seleucus King of Babylon Lysimachus of Thrace and Cassander the Son of Antipater King of Macedonia perish'd in Battle * At Issus in Phrygia Plut. in Pyrrhus Anian lib. 7. being shot through the Body with Multitudes of Darts and Arrows tho' afterwards Bury'd in a Royal manner and his Son Demetrius with his Mother Stratonice who were then in Cilicia were forc'd to sail away with all the Wealth they had to Salamis in Cyprus that remaining still in the hands of Demetrius 2. Agathocles King of Sicily burnt all the Macedonian Fleet and so freed Corcyra when Agathocles frees Corcyra it was Besieg'd by Cassander both by Sea and Land and very near and likely to be taken Oh the many uncertainties of War For Folly and Fraud many times effect as great things as true Valour and Courage 3. Agathocles being return'd to the rest of his Army from Corcyra when he heard that the Ligurians and Tyrrhenians who were his Mercenary Soldiers had assisted those Agathocles King of Sicily puts 2000 Mercenaries to the Sword who kill'd his Son Archagathus in his absence put them all to the Sword to the number of Two thousand Upon which Account the Brutii deserting him he resolv'd to Besiege their City call'd * Aetini People of Sicily Agathocles takes Crotona in Italy Aethas But the Barbarians in great numbers falling upon him suddainly in the Night cut off Four thousand of his Men and so he return'd to Syracuse 4. Agathocles rigg'd out a great Fleet and sail'd into Italy and having a design to march his Army to Crotona he sent a Messenger before to Menedemus King of Crotona who was his particular Friend not to be afraid of his Motion which was meerly to deceive him and purposing to Besiege the Place he gave out that he was sending away his Daughter Lanassa with a Royal Fleet to Epirus to Marry her And by this Fraud he came upon them when they were unprovided and never suspected him Thereupon applying himself with all earnestness to the Siege he block'd up the Place by a Wall drawn from Sea to Sea And having by his Mines and Batteries ruin'd the greatest House of the Town the Crotoneans out of fear open'd their Gates and receiv'd his Army into the City who breaking in like a Flood first rifl'd all the Houses and then put all the Men to the Sword He likewise made a League with the
his Interest and determined to force Syracuse to Obedience and gain the Principality Hereupon the Syracusians created Hicetas General against Menon he continu'd the War for some time Menon all along seeking to avoid Fighting and could by no means be brought to ingage But when the Carthaginians join'd with Menon by which he became far stronger than the Syracusians they were forc'd to agree with the Carthaginians and deliver Four hundred Hostages for further Security of the Peace and to restore all the Exiles However when the Mercenary Soldiers were deny'd their right to give their Votes for the choosing of the Magistrates the City was presently in an uproar And both Syracusians and Mercenaries ran to their Arms But some of the better sort interpos'd and by much Intercession prevail'd with both parties to agree upon this Condition That the Soldiers should depart out of Sicily by such a time and take all their Goods along with them Hereupon the Foreign Soldiers March'd away from Syracuse and came to Messina where they were receiv'd into the City as Friends and Confederates The Mercenaries murder the Messinians in the Night and being kindly entertain'd in their Houses in the Night they Massacred all their Hosts and Marrying their Wives Seiz'd upon the City which they call'd Mamertina from Mars which in their own * Campania Country Language they call Mamers 13. For they that are not Members of the Democratical Government are not admitted by the Tribune of the People to give their Suffrage amongst them that are 14. It 's a commendable thing to be ever Terrible to an Enemy and always kind and courteous to a Friend 15. Since that at that time when you knew not what was best or fittest to be done you were catcht with fair and enticeing Words And now when you see Calamity upon the Country indeed you are taught another Lesson For to be Ignorant sometimes of things that may fall out in this Life is natural to Mankind But to be deceiv'd twice in the same thing argues a Man to be a Fool. And the oftner we are so deceiv'd the greater punishment we deserve Some of the Citizens are grown to that height of Covetousness that they would fain raise up the glory of their Families by the ruin of their Country For they that have so wickedly acted in assisting others pray how have they been us'd by them 16. Offences are to be forgiven and Peace to be kept for the time to come 17. Not they that offend but they that repent not of their offences ought to be severely punish'd 18. Mercy and Kindness amongst Men is more Ancient than Wrath and Revenge 19. It 's a commendable and desireable thing to lay aside all Animosities and instead thereof to return to Friendship and Amity For when a Man is reduc'd to Poverty and Straits he presently at the first Nod as it were runs to his Friends 20. Covetousness being naturally Ingrafted into Men no Man can be wholly free from this Vice Pride and a Tyrant's Robes ought to be left at home For he that enters into a free City ought to conform himself to the Laws of the Place He that is of a Princely Family and comes to a Kingdom by Hereditary descent is desirous likewise to succeed in the Glory and Reputation of his Ancestors For it 's a Base and Dishonourable thing to carry the Name of Pyrrhus the Son of Achilles and yet in Actions to imitate * Aâ— filthy ugly fellow kill'd by Achilles for his saucines by a box on the Ear. Hom. 2. lib. Iliad Thersites For the more honour and reputation any Person has gain'd so much the more the regard and respect will he have for them who were the Instruments of his Advancement and happy Successes Therefore what may be honourably and deservedly obtain'd should not be us'd unjustly and disgracefully when it is enjoy'd It is therefore Gentlemen a commendable thing by the example of other Mens Harms and Mistakes Wisely to provide for our own Security 21. It does not become any Man to have more regard to Strangers than his own kindred and to be more fearful to exasperate an Enemy than careful to preserve the good Will and Opinion of his Allies Out of the 22d Book 1. IT 'S the natural Property of the Epirots not only to fight for their Country but to run all hazards likewise for the Defence of their Friends and Allies 2. Decius the Roman Tribune Governor of Rhegium to revenge his Country of King About the 125 or 126. Olympiad Ant. Ch. 278. Pyrrhus kill'd all the Inhabitants save the Women whom he sold for Slaves and seized upon all the Goods and Estates of them that were slain These were Campanians who acted the same Cruelty here as the Mamertines did when they Massacred all the Messinians Decius puts all the Rhegians to death Afterwards because he made not an equal distribution of the Prey and Plunder taken from those miserable People he was Banish'd Rhegium by his own Country men the Campanians The Mamertines themselves assisted in this Butchery And with the Money that was left hir'd him to be their Captain and Chief Commander Afterwards a distemper falling into his Eyes he advis'd with a skilful Physitian who to revenge the Injuries and Cruelties done to his Country prescrib'd an application of Cantharides which wholly depriv'd him of his sight And the Physitian himself took Care to withdraw from Decius made blind by Cantharides Messina In Sicily in the mean time there were these Princes Hicetas at Syracuse Phintias at Agrigentam Tyndarus at Tauromenium and some others in the lesser Cities Phintias and Hicetas were at War one with another and sought a Battle at Hibleum in which Hicetas Petty Princes in Sicily at War one with another was Conqueror Afterwards making several Incursions one upon another and Robbing and Spoiling every where the Country by this means lay untill'd Hicetas puff'd up with his Victory ingag'd with the Carthaginians at the River Teria where he was beaten with the loss of a great number of his Men. At that time Phintias built Phintia and planted there the Geleons who were driven out of their Country It is Scituated at the Sea-side For both the Houses and Walls of Gela being utterly demolish'd after he had wall'd Phintia and made a stately Market place and built Temples for the Service of the Gods he Transplanted the People of Gela thither When he had committed the Murther he was hated by all the Cities under his Government who drave out all the Garisons among whom the first were the Agyrineans 3. King Ptolemy was Kill'd by the Gaus and the whole Macedonian Army utterly destroy'd Olymp. 129. 3. 4. Ant. Ch. 360. and cut off 4. A Cadmean Victory is a Proverb meant when the Conquerors have lost abundance of Men and the Conquer'd are little the worse because of the largeness of their Empire 5. Phintias the Builder of Phintia and Tyrant
besides the Vices this King was really guilty of he imputed many others to him invented of his own Head and always lessen'd his prosperous successes and aggravated his misfortunes which were really casual and turn'd them upon himself as the cause of them through his own miscarriages For whereas all know that Agathocles was a prudent and expert Soldier and Commander and was Bold and Couragious in the greatest Difficulties he all along in his History is continually calling him a weak headed Coward And yet who is there that is ignorant that none were ever under meaner Circumstances that afterwards attain'd to such a Degree of Sovereignty and Dominion For his Poverty and mean Birth was such that from his Childhood he was but a mean * A Potters Son Artificer But afterwards by his Valour he not only gain'd the Sovereign Power over all Sicily but Conquer'd a great part of Italy and Africa And any one may justly wonder at the Vanity of Timaeus who almost in every Page extols the Valour of the Syracusians and yet affirms him who Conquer'd them to be the greatest Coward of any Man living From these contradictions and inconsistencies it's clear and manifest that out of a private Pique and Disgust he betray'd the Trust of a faithful Historian And therefore his last five Books wherein are set forth the acts of Agathocles for very good reason were never approv'd by any 8. Callias likewise the Syracusian deserves as much to be Censur'd as the other who being inrich'd and advanc'd by Agathocles never leaves off praising him far above his Callias desert and so dishonouring History which should be the Herauld of Truth For whereas Agathocles in many things violated both the Laws of God and Man he cryes him up as the most Pious and Righteous Man in the World To conclude as Agathocles by force took away the Citizens Goods and most injuriously bestow'd them upon this Writer so this admirable Historiographer in way of requital loads him in his History with Praises of all sorts and sizes But in my opinion it were no difficult Task by way of grateful Return to repay favours receiv'd from Princes by moderate and due Praises and Commendations 9. After the * Mercenary Soldiers had agreed with the Syracusians they Marched away The Mamettines and were receiv'd by the Messenians as Friends and Confederates and being thus kindly entertain'd by the Citizens in the Night they Murther'd all their Landlords and took their Wives as their own and possessed themselves of the City 10 When Demetrius was a Prisoner at Pella Lysimachus sent an Ambassador to Seleucus to Caution him not to suffer him upon any Terms to get out of his Hands being as he Demetrius said an insatiably ambitious Man and one continually plotting against all the Kings and promis'd he would give him 2000 Talents if he would put Demetrius to death But Seleucus the King sharply rebuk'd the Ambassadors for perswading him not only to violate his Faith but to commit so horrid a piece of Wickedness against one so near related to him But he writ a Letter to his Son Antiochus who was then in Media to ask his Advice what should be done with Demetrius for he had resolv'd to release him and restore him hononourably to his Kingdom but was willing likewise to have the Favour acknowledg'd by his Son * Antiochus Soter Antiochus who had marry'd Stratonices the Daughter of Demetrius and had several Children by her Out of the 22d BOOK 1. WHen a Garrison was put into Rhegium by the Romans Decius a Campanian a covetous and impudent Fellow acted the Base and Treacherous Part of the Mamertines Decius for as they were receiv'd as Friends by the Messenians and seiz'd upon their City and cut the Throats of all the Messenians their Landlords in their own Houses and marry'd their Wives and possess'd themselves of the Estates of them they had murder'd so the Campanian Soldiers to whom with Decius the Garrison of Rhegium was committed by the Romans with the like Perfidiousness kill'd all the Rhegians and dividing their Goods amongst themselves possess'd themselves of the City But Decius the Governor after he had sold the Goods of these miserable People and shared the Money he had treacherously rais'd was expell'd from Rhegium by the Campanians his Co-partners in this wicked Fact But every one of these perfidious Villains at length met with their just Reward For Decius being seiz'd with a grievous pain in his Eyes sent for an Eminent Physitian of Rhegium who to revenge the Wrong done to his Country anointed Decius his Eyes with Cantharides and by this means having made him stark blind forthwith fled out of Messena 2. Phintias having tyrannically oppressed his Citizens and put to death many of the Wealthy Men of the City began to be hated by his Subjects for his Cruelty and therefore Phintias all being upon the point ready for a General Defection and he himself reduc'd to great streights on a sudden chang'd his former Course and ruling more moderately kept his Subjects within the bounds of their Duty and Obedience 3. Ptolomy King of Macedonia being indeed very Young and altogether unexpert in Military Affairs and naturally Rash and weak Headed made no provision for any thing Ptolemy Ceraunus Vid. Justin lib. 17. 25. Olymp 125. Ant. Ch. 279. Ush Ann. Apollodorus as he ought And therefore when he was advis'd by his Friends to stay for the Auxiliary Forces who were not as yet come up to him he disregarded their Council 4. Apollodorus affecting the Sovereign Power and minding to confirm the Conspirators in whhat they had undertaken sent for a young Man one of his Friends under colour of coming to Sacrifice and when he came he offer'd him up to the Gods and gave his Intrails to be eaten by the Conspirators and drunk to them in his Blood mixed with Wine 5. The same Apollodorus arm'd some Gauls and engag'd them with large Gifts and made use of them for his Life-Guard because they were naturally Cruel and ready to Apollodorus King of Cassandria in Macedonia execute any Villany He rais'd likewise a great Sum of Money by Confiscating and exposing to publick Sale the Goods of the Wealthy Citizens He grew very potent in a short time by increasing the Soldiers Pay and distributing Money among the Poorer sort Being wholly given up to Cruelty and Covetousness he squeez'd Money from the Citizens and forc'd both Men and Women with Racks and Torments to bring forth all their Gold and Silver for he made use of one Calliphon a Sicilian for his adviser an Arts master in Tyranny who had been long bred up a Courtier among many of the Tyrants in Sicily 6. When Pyrrhus had plunder'd Aegeas the Seat-Royal of the Kings of Macedonia he left there a Garrison of Gauls who being inform'd by some that there were great Treasures Pyrrhus cited by Ush An. 353. Before Christ 273. according
Articles made with Scipio their Enemies tho' confirm'd by solemn Oaths most Religiously observ'd and kept his promises with the Besieg'd and us'd them with all Humanity and Clemency when they fell into his hands His Faith and Integrity therefore being nois'd abroad all over Africa none surrendred up themselves into the hands of the Romans unless Scipio join'd in signing of the Articles 86. When there were only three Romans kill'd in the Skirmish and were left lying upon the Ground unbury'd all were very much troubled and concerned at it But Scipio with the Consent of the Consul writ a Letter to Hasdrubal to desire him to bury those Romans who presently order'd the thing to be done and when all was perform'd sent their Ashes to the Consul which added much to the Honour of Scipio as one whose Authority was prevalent even with the Enemies themselves 87. The Counterfeit Philip having beaten the Romans in a great Battle became Proud Cruel and Tyrannical there was not a Wealthy Person which he put not Pseudophilippus call'd Andriscus Liv. Book 50. Flor. Hist lib. 2. c. 14. Orosius lib. 4. c. 22. Ush An. 469. Before Ch. 149. P. Scipio most wickedly to death upon false Accusations He spar'd not his own intimate Friends but dispatch'd many of them out of the Way for he was naturally Fierce and Cruel Proud and Haughty in all his Familiar intercourses and at last deeply ingag'd in Covetousness and all manner of Vice 88. The Romans had such a kindness for Publius Scipio that tho' neither his Age nor the Laws did qualifie him yet they endeavour'd with all their might to Elect him Consul 89. Calpurnius the Consul after he had some Towns deliver'd up to him upon Articles contrary to the Terms agreed upon and against his Faith and Ingagements raz'd them * Lucius Calpurnius Piso to the ground and therefore in all his Designs and Contrivances afterwards he was disappointed as a Faithless and Treacherous Person as if some Deity set himself against him for he attempted many things but was never able to effect any thing 90. King Prusias being both of an ugly Visage and a mean and effeminate Presence was mortally hated by the Bythinians 91. After the taking of Carthage Scipio gave Liberty to the Sicilian Ambassadors to search among the Spoils and order'd every one to carry back into their several Cities Scipio such things as had formerly been taken away from them by the Carthaginians Upon which were found many Statues and Pictures of famous Men of exquisite Workmanship besides many things Devoted and Consecrated to the Gods some of Silver and others of Gold among which was the famous Phalarian Bull of Agrigentum made by Perilaus for the Tyrant Phalaris who caus'd the Artificer himself to make the first experiment of his own Art by executing that sort of punishment upon him which he had invented for the Torturing of others 92. In our time Caius Julius Cesar sirnamed for the greatness of his Actions * Divine Julius Cesar rebuilt Corinth Divus when almost a hundred Years after he saw the Ruins and Rubbish of Corinth was so compassionately Affected and withal desirous to make himself glorious that he put forth himself to the utmost to rebuild the City And therefore it is but just that the Humanity and Clemency that was eminently in this Man should be allow'd its just and due praises and that his Virtues should be Recorded in History for an everlasting remembrance to his eternal Praise and Honour For when his Ancestors were Extreme in their severity against this City he rectified their Excesses by his own Lenity and Moderation preferring Mercy before Cruelty Besides he far excell'd all that were ever before him in the Greatness of his Actions and upon the account of his Virtuous Qualifications was sirnamed Divus To conclude this Man was the most Famous and Renown'd for Eminency of Birth Fluency of Tongue the Art of War and Contempt of Riches of any whatsoever that was in his Age. 93. Viriathus of Lusitania the Captain of the Robbers was just and exact in distributing the Spoil and those who had valiantly behaved themselves in Battle he would A part of Spain now Portugal liberally reward according to their several Merits and he never converted any of the publick Moneys to his own private use and therefore the Lusitanians never shrunk or drew back from any hazardous undertaking when he Commanded them and was their Leader honouring him as the Common Benefactor and Saviour of their Country 94. Plautius the Roman Praetor greatly misgovern'd his Province being therefore Condemn'd by the People because he had dishonour'd his Government he fled from Rome C. Plautius 95. In Syria King Alexander being far unfit for so high a Station by reason of his Sloath and Meanness of Spirit gave up the Government of Antioch to Hierax and Diodotus Vid. Liv lib. 40. Alexander of Syria call'd Alexander Belas a Counterfeit Son of Antiochus Epiphanes See Joseph lib. 13. c. 8. Ush An. 470. Before Ch. 140. 96. The Kingdom of * In the Greek it is Aegypt but mistaken I conceive Demetrius Nicanor Son of Demetrius Soter Josephus ib. 1 Mac. 11. Olymp. 158. An. 1. Syria being now brought low and Demetrius being only the surviving Branch of the Royal Stock believing himself to be out of all Danger disregarded the Deportment of the former Kings who studied to ingratiate themselves into the good Opinion of their People by their affable and courteous Behaviour But he growing every day more and more unsufferable fell at length to downright Cruelty and all sorts of hainous Enormities The cause of all which is not only to be attributed to his own corrupt Disposition but to one of his Friends who had the Management of all the Affairs of the Kingdom For being a Wicked and Rash Fellow he incited by his Flattery the young Man to all manner of Wickedness At first therefore he put to death all that had sided against him in the War with unusual sorts of Punishments Afterwards when the Antiochians Taunted and Jear'd at him as they were wont to do * One Lastlienes he got together a Company of Mercenary Soldiers against them and commanded that they should be disarm'd but the Antiochians refusing to deliver them some he kill'd as they fell into his hands others he Murdered in their own Houses together with their Wives and Children upon which a great Uproar being rais'd in the City he burnt down most of the Town to the Ground and many that were accus'd to be Heads of this Commotion were put to death and their Estates Confiscated and brought into the Kings Exchequer And therefore many of the Citizens both out of Fear and Hatred of Demetrius Fled Ush An. 475. Before Ch. 145. out of the City and wander'd up and down all Syria watching for a fit time and opportunity to be reveng'd In the mean time Demetrius hated of every Body