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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A00997	The Roman histories of Lucius Iulius Florus from the foundation of Rome, till Cæsar Augustus, for aboue DCC. yeares, & from thence to Traian near CC. yeares, divided by Flor[us] into IV. ages. Translated into English.; Epitomae de Tito Livio bellorum omnium annorum DCC libri II. English	Florus, Lucius Annaeus.; Pass, Simon van de, 1595?-1647, engraver.; Bolton, Edmund, 1575?-1633?	1619 (1619)	STC 11103; ESTC S102361	97,168	532

Ammianus Marcellinus in his eighteenth booke and lornandes an vsurper and concealer of Florus his wit vnder the I'mperour Iustinian What the translatour thinkes worthy of thy precious time to knew further requires a large booke rather then an Epistle and that also wil be but a briefe vpon a briefe of all the old Roman wisedome ciuill and martiall as here thou hast of their facts Enioy this translation in the mean time and let not vnthankfulnes strangle any intendments for thy more satisfaction nor shew thee ignorant of such a treasure as which after aboue one thousand foure hundred yeers cōtinuance twice the time of this storie growing stronger in the world by one language more then his owne when the Roman empire it selfe the subiect of the booke hath long since in a manner come to nothing doth giue great hope that it is to be immortall Farewell THE PREFACE OF LVCIVS FLORVS THE People of Rome from King Romulus to Caesar Augustus for the space of seuen hundred yeeres performed so many noble deeds both in peace and warre that if a man compare the magnitude of their empire with the number of the yeeres hee will thinke it greater then for the time They displayed their warlike ensignes so farre and wide vpon the globe of the earth that such as reade their performances may learne in them not the actions of one people but of all mankind For they were tossed with so many labors and perils that to establish their empire Vertue and Fortune seeme to haue contended Which thing though it be also principally worth the knowing neuerthelesse for so much as the very greatnesse it selfe is an impediment to it selfe and the varietie of matter makes the mind abruptly flit from one thing to another I will imitate them who draw the maps of countreyes and comprehend the whole image of that great Body within as it were a narrow table And in so doing my hopes are that I shall offer vp somewhat towards the admirable honours of the whole worlds soueraigne people when together and yet distinctly in it selfe I shall aduance into view their empires vniuersall greatnesse Imagining therefore the whole people of Rome were but as one single person and then running ouer all their time thinke how they began and how they grew strong then how they attained to a certaine flower as it were of youth and how in a sort they afterwards waxed old wee shall therein find foure degrees or maine progressions The first reuolution was vnder kings for almost two hundred and fiftie yeeres in which space they wrestled and stroue about their Mother-citie with their neighbours This may be the time of their infancie The following period from the Consulship of Brutus and Collatinus to the Consulship of Appius Claudius and Quintus Fuluius comprehends those two hundreth and fiftie yeeres in which they subdued Italy This was a time most famous for manhood and deeds of Cheualrie It may well be therefore tearmed their youthfull age From hence to Augustus Caesar are those other two hundreth and fiftie yeeres in which he settled peace thorow all the world And this compasse of time is the very Mans estate and as it were the strength and ripenesse of the Roman Empire From Augustus Caesar to our dayes there haue not passed many fewer then two hundreth yeeres in which through the vnworthinesse of Emperours the force of the Roman people waxt old as it were and wasted it selfe sauing that vnder the gouernment of Traian their sinewes requicken and beyond all expectation the old age of the empire as if the youth thereof were restored growes greene againe and flourisheth THE HISTORIE OF THE ROMANS The first Booke CHAP. I. Of ROMVLVS first King of Romans THe first founder of the citie and empire of Rome was ROMVLVS the sonne of Mars and Rhea Syluia This the Vestall Priestesse great with child confest of her selfe nor did fame long doubt thereof when Romulus by commaundement of Amulius throwne into the riuer together with his brother Remus could not be drowned For the Genius of Tiber both checkt down his waters and a shee-wolfe following the crye of the babes left her yong ones and with her teats discharged towards them the office of a mother And in this plight found vnder a tree Faustulus the kings shepheard conueyed them to his farme-farme-house and bred them vp Alba built by Iulius was then the chiefe citie of Latium which his father Aeneas had reared Amulius was the foureteenth king from these and expelled his brother Numitor of whose daughter Romulus was borne Hee therefore in the first heats of his youth chased his vncle Amulius out of the royall seat and restored his grandfather himselfe delighting in the riuer and mountaines among which hee had beene educated was busied in plotting the walls of a new towne These brothers were twinnes and it was therefore agreed betweene them to make the gods iudges which of them should first enter vpon the gouernement and rule Remus tooke his stand vpon mount Auentine and Romulus vpon mount Palatine It was the fortune of Remus to see birds first and they were sixe Vultures Romulus saw last but had twelue So hauing the vpper hand in this triall by bird-flight he builds his citie full of hope that it would proue a martiall one according as those birds accustomed to bloud and rauine did portend A trench and rampire seemed sufficient to defend the new citie whose narrownesse while Remus derided and leapt ouer in reproofe thereof hee was slaine whether by his brothers commandement or no is doubtfull Certaine it is that hee was the first sacrifice and consecrated the new cities fortification with his bloud There wanted inhabitants Neere hand grew a groue which hee makes a place of sanctuarie and thither a wondrous companie of men did forthwith flocke some of them Latins some shepheards of Hetruria and other of them some of those beyond-sea Phrygians who were vnder Aeneas and of those Arcadians who hauing Euander for their Generall had come flowing in Thus of as it were diuerse elements he gathered together one Body and himselfe composed of them the Roman people This was a worke of Time the increase of inhabitants was a worke of Men. Therefore they sought wiues from among the neighbours whom when they could not obtaine by suit they tooke by force For they pretending to make shews and games on horsebacke the maids assembled from parts about to behold them were seised as lawfull pray This ministred an occasion of present war The Veientes were beaten and put to flight The Caeninensians had their towne taken and rased and king Romulus with his owne hands offered vp to Iupiter Feretrius the magnificent spoyles which he had gayned from his aduersarie King The gates of Rome were betraid to the Sabines by a silly Virgin who had bargayned to receiue for reward that which they carryed on their left hands doubtfull whether shee meant their shields or bracelets

so many more heads as I haue slain spring out of their owne bloud as it were out of Lernas serpent And what a Senate was that when vpon the oration of Appius the Blinde the kings ambassadours who were sent backe out of the citie with their gifts and presents confest to Pyrrhus vpon his demand of what they thought concerning the enemies seat that the citie seemed a temple the Senate a parliament of kings Againe what manner of men were the Generals themselues in camp when Curius sent the kings physician back who made offer in secret for a certain summe to poyson him and Fabricius hauing the choise giuen by Pyrrhus refused to share a kingdome with him Or what were they in time of peace when Curius preferred his earthen dishes before the Samnits gold and Fabricius vsing Censorian seueritie condemn'd it for riotous in Rufinus a Consularie nobleman because hee had siluer plate in all to a tenne pound weight Who wonders now if the people of Rome with such qualities courages and martiall discipline obtained victory or that by this one Tarentine warre they should in foure yeeres space bring into subiection as they did the greatest part of all Italy most puissant nations most rich common-weals most fertill countreys Or what doth so much surpasse beliefe as when you compare the beginnings of the warre with the conclusion Pyrrhus conquerour in the first field harrased trembling Italy Campania Liris and Fregellae came within ken of Rome then almost taken as he beheld it from the castell of Praeneste and within twentie miles off filled the eyes of the quaking citie with smoak and dust The same prince enforced twice after that to quit his campe twice wounded and beaten ouer land and sea into his Greece againe peace and quiet and the spoiles which were gotten from so many the richest nations so infinite as Rome was not wide enough to containe her owne victorie For there neuer entred a more glittering or more goodly triumph because before this time shee had beheld nothing but the cattell of the Volscians the heards of the Sabins the chariots of the Galls the manufactures of the Samnits armes But had you beene now a spectator the captiues were Molossians Thessalians Macedonians the Brutian Apulian and Lucaner the pompe consisted of gold purple statua's tables the delicacies of Tarent But Rome saw nothing which contented her more then those beasts with towrs on their backes of which shee had stood in such feare and they againe sensible of their captiuitie followed drouping with down-hanging neckes after the horse their Masters CHAP. XIX The Picenian Warre ALI Italie forthwith enioyed peace for after Tarent who should dare to do oughts sauing onely as the Romans thought it good of their own meere motion to prosecute the enemies friends Hereupon they conquer'd the Picentines and their chiefe citie Asculum by Generall Sempronius and the field in the time of battel suffring an earth-quake hee appeased the goddesse Tellus by promising to build her a Temple CHAP. XX. The Sallentine Warre THe Sallentines were added by Marcus Atilius cōmander in chiefe for that seruice to the Picentines together with the head-towne of that prouince Brundusium renowned for a port And in this conflict Pales the shepheards deitie of her owne accord demanded a Temple for her selfe in lieu of victorie CHAP. XXI The Vulsinian Warre THe last of the Italian nations who remained constant in their truth to vs were the Vulsinians the richest people of all Etruria and now humble suitours for assistance against their late slaues who had set vp the libertie giuen them by their lords ouer the giuers themselues and getting the power of the State among them did accordingly tyrannize But Fabius Gurges the Roman captaine made the villains smart for their villanie CHAP. XXII Of Seditions THis is the second age of the Roman people and as it were their youth a time in which they were most fresh and budding out in certaine fierie shoots boild ouer as it were in iollitie of spirit On the other side that wildenes which they retained of their shepheardish originall breathed foorth some-what still which was vntamed in thē Thence it came that the armie making a mutinie in the campe stoned Postumius their Generall to death for refusing to giue them the shares he promised That vnder Appius Claudius they would not ouercome the enemie whē they might That vnder Generall Volero most withdrawing their seruice they crusht the Consuls fasces Thence it was that they punisht the most honourable commanders they had with banishment for resisting their pleasure as Coriolanus whome they condemnd to the plough Which iniurie he would as harshly haue chastised with his sword if his mother Veturia when he was now readie to charge had not disweapond him with weeping Yea as Camillus himselfe because in their conceits hee had not made the shares of the Veientine spoiles indifferent between the Commonaltie and the souldier But he a much better man did rescue the besieged in Rome taken and reuenged their quarel vpon the Galls their enemies to whom but euen now they were humble suitours In such sort they contended also with the Se nate it selfe about settling the rules of right that abandoning their houses they threatned emptinesse and vtter decay to their natiue countrey CHAP. XXIII The cities first discord THe first intestine dissention hapned throgh the vnrulinesse of Vsurers who exercising villanous crueltie the whole people departed in armes to the Sacred Hill and very hardly not but vntill they had obtained Tribunes and were perswaded also by the authoritie of Menenius Agrippa a wise and eloquent man could be drawne to return The fable of that old oration effectuall enough to induce concord is extant In which is fained that The parts of mans bodie were once vpon a time at odds together for that all the rest doing their seuerall offices the bellie only was idle but in the end when they found themselues almost pined to death by the separation they became good friends againe for that by the meate which by the stomachs ministerie was conuerted into bloud the veines were filled with nourishment CHAP. XXIIII The cities second discord THE tyrannie of the Decemuirs embroiled the citie the second time in the very heart thereof Ten princes elected for that purpose had bookt the lawes cull'd out of such as were brought from Greece at the peoples commandement and the whole rule of Roman iustice was described by them in Tenne Tables after which though their commission determined they neuerthelesse retained the soueraigne power vpon a tyrannicall humor Appius Claudius was puft vp more then all his partners with so great pride as hee secretly resolued to deflowre a free-borne virgin forgetting Lucretia forgetting the expulsion of kings and the lawes which himselfe had enacted Virginius her father therefore when hee saw his childe by false practice iudged a bond-woman he made no bones to kill her

the lake Iuturna These broght the tidings and were generally thought to be Castor and Pollux because they were a paire to haue been at the battell because they were gorie and to haue come fresh out of Macedonia because they were panting hot as yet CHAP. XIII The Illyrian warre THe as it were infection of the Macedonian war drew in the Illyrians They were entertain'd in pay by king Perses to trouble all they could the Romans at their backes Anicius lieutenant Praetor subdued them in an instant It was enough that he razed Scodra their principall citie The whole nation did forthwith yeeld it selfe To bee briefe this warre was made an end of before they at Rome did heare it was begun CHAP. XIIII The third Macedonian warre with Andriscus THE Carthaginians and Macedonians as if it were agreed vpon betweene them each to bee thrice ouercome tooke armes againe by a kinde of fate both of them about a time But the first who threw the yoake off were the Macedonians by so much harder to be reduced then before while it was held a matter of nothing to reduce thē The cause of the war is in a manner to be blusht at For Andriscus a very base fellow vnknown whether a free man or a bond certainely one who tooke pay did enter vpon the quarrel and kingdome at once And for that hee being but a meere counterfeit was notwithstanding called Philip by the people by reason of resemblance it filled his kingly shape and kingly name with a kingly spirit also Therefore while the people of Rome contemning these matters employed no greater a person against him then Iuuentius a Praetor they rashly venter on a man strong at that time not onely in Macedonians but in huge ayds out of Thrace Wherby they otherwise inuincible were ouercome in battell not by true and very kings but this phantastike and playerly one But Metellus another Praetor tooke a most sound reuenge for the losse of Iuuentius and of the legion which hee commanded for hee both cōdemn'd Macedonia to the state of bondage brought Andriscus in chaynes to Rome deliuerd vp into our hands by that Vaiuod or pety king of Thrace to whom hee had fled for succour fortune neuerthelesse shewing him thus much fauour in his miseries that the Romans carryed him aswell in triumph as if hee had beene a king indeede CHAP. XV. The third Carthaginian or Punicke warre THe third war against Africa was short in respect of the time for it was but foure yeeres worke and in comparison of the other two the least in labour For the fight was not so much with the men as with the citie it selfe the euen whereof was certainely the greatest that could bee for it made an end of Carthage To comprehend in minde the summe of those three times it was thus in the first the warre was begun in the second it was driuen away out of our coasts in the third it was ended The cause of this last warre was for that contrary to the articles of league the Carthaginians had once prepared an army at land and sea against the Numidians and often terrifide the borders of Masinassas kingdome Wee bare fauour to this good and friendly king When the war was settled the Senate debated what should become of Carthage Cato whose hatred admitted no satisfaction would haue it vtterly rased but when the Consull demanded anothers opinion Scipio Nasica stood to haue it preserued lest the feare of a riuall citie remoued the felicitie of Rome might growe ouer-ranke and riotous The Senate made choise of a middle way which was to remoue the citie out of her old seate For nothing seemed to them more honorable then to haue such a Carthage as should not bee feared Manilius therefore and Censorinus Consuls the people of Rome inuading Carthage the nauie thereof which vpon ouerture of peace they willingly yeelded was in sight of the citie fired Then calling foorth the princes they commanded them vppon perill of their heads to depart the countrey Which blacke decree kindled so great choler in them as they resolued to endure the worst that could be rather then obey it Lamentations hereupon did forthwith fill the citie and the crie went round To ARMES the finall resolution beeing whatsoeuer came of it to rebell Not for that they had now any hope left to free themselues but because they held it better that Carthage should bee ruind by their owne hands then their enemies The furie of the rebels may be coniectured by this that they pluckt downe house-tops and houses with that timber to build a new nauie for want of yron brasse their smiths wrought gold and siluer into armour and the matrons clipt the haire of their heads to make cordage for engins Mancinus Consull the siege waxt hot both at land and sea The hauen of the fortifications and the first and second wal were dismantled when the castle notwithstanding called The Byrs made such a resistance as if it had been another citie Though there was no doubt of ouerthrowing it yet the Scipio's seemd ordaind by destinie for that purpose The people therefore of Rome require to haue a Scipio for accomplishing that warre And that was the sonne of Paulus conquerour of Macedonia whom the sonne of that great Scipio Africanus had adopted to vphold the glory of his house with this intention of the fates that the citie which the grandfather had humbled the grand child should subuert The enemies being shut vp within the castle the Romans sought also to cut off the sea But the Carthaginians digge out a new hauen vpon another side of the towne not to flie out at for no man did beleeue they could escape but from the which a new armada issued as if it had growne vp suddainely of it selfe Meane-while no day nor night went ouer their heads in which some new worke some new engine some new band of forlorne fellowes appeared not like so many sodaine flashes of flame rising out of cinders after the fire hath been buried in ouerwhelming rubbish But things at last growing absolutely desperate fortie thousand men yeelded themselues and that which you would scarce thinke Asdruball was the first man of them How much more boldly did a woman the wife of the captaine who taking her two children threwe herselfe with them from the top of the house into the middle of the fires following that Queenes example which had founded Carthage How mightie a citie was destroid may by the long continuance of the burning to let other arguments goe be conuinced For the fire which the enemies themselues had kindled of their owne accord in their dwellings and temples with intent that so much of the citie as they were not able to deliuer from the Roman triumphs might be consumed could not be extinguished in seuenteene whole dayes together CHAP. XVI The Achaian warre COrinth the Metropolis of Achaia presently followed the fortune of Carthage as if that were an age

staid such as were shrinking cōfirming them and finally cried and flew through all the squadrons with his eyes and hands in that perturbation it is reported hee debated within himselfe what to doe with himselfe if the worst befell and his countenance was as of a man who meant to make his owne hand his owne executioner had not fiue cohorts of the Pompeian horse crossing the battell as sent by Labienus to guard the campe in danger giuen a semblant of flying which either Caesar did himselfe beleeue or cunningly laying hold vpon the occasion of that seeming charged as vpon flyers and did thereby both put fresh spirit into his owne people and did also daunt his enemies for his people thinking they had the vpper hand followed the more boldly and the Pompeians while they supposed their fellowes ranne away did fall themselues to running How great the slaughter was of the enemies and the wrath and furie of the victorious may bee by this coniectured such as escaped out of the field betaking themselues to Munda and Caesar commanding them to bee forth with besieged a rampire was made by piling vp dead bodies dragg'd thither from all about and fastned together with speares and iauelins An abominable spectacle euen among the barbarous But Pompeis sonnes despairing in truth of victorie Cnaeus Pompeius flying out of the battell and wounded as he was in the legge seeking to saue himselfe in the desarts and vnfrequented places was ouertaken at the towne Lauro and there so little he as yet despaired was slaine by Pesennius who had him in chase Meanewhile fortune hid Sextus Pompeius safe in Celtiberia reserued for other warres after Caesars death Caesar returnes victorious home the pomp of his first triumph was furnished from the Rhene and Rhone and with the image of the captiue Ocean in gold The stuffe of the second was bay-tree of Aegypt and for shewes the images of Nile and Arsinoe and of the watch-towre Pharus as it burnt in the top like a flaming beacon The third was the chariot of Pharnaces and the spoyles of Pontus The fourth represented king Iuba and his Moores Spaine twice conquered Pharsalia Thapsus and Munda those greater arguments matters then ouer which hee triumpht were not mentioned Here for a while were weapons layd aside the following calme without bloud and the cruelties of warre were made amends for with goodnesse not a man put to death by commandement except Afranius for whom once pardoning was enough and Faustus Sylla because Caesar had learnd to feare him for his father in law and Pompeis daughter with her vncles by Sylla's side in this hee tooke care to make posteritie secure His countrey therefore not ingratefull all sorts of honours were heaped vpon this one prime man images about the temples in the theater a crowne deckt with rayes a chaire of state in the Senate-house a pinacle vpon his house top a month in the Zodiac and besides all these himselfe proclaimed Father of his countrey and perpetuall Dictator last of all and it was unknowne whether it were with his good liking Antonius Consull the ornaments of a king were offred all which prooued but as ribbands or trimmings of an host ordained to be slaine in sacrifice For the mildnesse of this prince was lookt vpon with enuious eyes and the power it selfe which conferred benefits was to free mindes cumbersome Nor was the forbearance of him an acquitall any longer for Brutus and Cassius and other Patricians Lords of the highest ranke conspired to assassinate him How great is the force of fate the conspiracy was knowne far abroade a scroll was giuen also to Caesar himselfe vpon the very day of the fact though an hundred beasts were sacrificed yet not one of them had any signe of luckines He came into the Senate-house with a meaning to aduance a warre against the Parthians there the Senators stabd at him as he sat in his court-chair with twenty three wounds he was driuē to the ground So he who had embrewed the whole earth with ciuill bloud did with his owne bloud ouerflow the Senat-house CHAP. III. CAESAR Octauianus CAesar and Pompey slaine the people of Rome seem'd to haue returned to the state of their ancient libertie and had returned indeed if Pompey had left no children nor Caesar an heire or which was more pestilent then both if once his fellow in office and then his riuall in honour that firebrand of Caesars power and whirlewind of the ensuing age Antonius had not ouer-liued For while Sextus Pompeius seekes to recouer his fathers estate no part of the sea was free from feare of him while Octauius reuengeth his fathers bloud Thessalia was againe to be stirred while Antonius variable-witted either disdained that Octauius should succeed to Caesar or for loue to Cleopatra takes vpon him to bee a king for hee had no other way to be safe but by turning vassall In so great preturbation we are to bee glad notwithstanding that the whole power of Rome came to be setled vpon Octauius first Caesar Augustus who by his wisedome and dexteritie reduced into order the body of the empire shaken and distempted on all sides which without all doubt could neuer haue been brought together and made to agree vnlesse it had beene gouernd by the authoritie of some worthie one as with a soule or mind Marcus Antonius Publius Dolobella Consuls fortune now busie in transferring the empire to the house of the Caesars the troubles of the citie were various and manifold that as in the change of yeerely seasons the stirred heauens doe thunder and signifie their turnings by the weather so in the change of the gouernmēt of the Romans that is to say of all mankind the world troubled throughout and the whole body of the empire was turmoiled with all sorts of perils and with ciuill warrs both at land and sea CHAP. IIII. The Mutinensian warre THe first cause of ciuill breach was Caesars last will and testament in which Antonius being named but in the second place he grew starke mad that Octauius was preferred and for that cause opposed the adoption of that most spiritfull yongman with an inexpiable warre For seeing him not fully eighteene yeeres old tender fit to be wrought vpon and open to abuse both defaced the dignitie of Caesar's name with reuiling termes and diminisht his inheritance with priuie thefts disgraced him with foule phrases and gaue not ouer by all the wayes hee could inuēt to impeach his adoption into the Iulian family lastly enterprised a warre for ouer-bearing the yong noble gentleman and with an armie raised in Gall on this side the Alpes besieged Decimus Brutus for resisting his practices Octauius Caesar pitied for his youth and wrongs gracious for the maiestie of that name which hee assumed calling his adoptiue fathers old souldiers to arms hee then a priuate person who would giue credit to it sets vpon the Consull deliuers Brutus from siege and strips Antonius out of