the celebrated Organ at Ulme This city gave birth to Henrietta Maria youngest daughter to K. Charles 1. to William Petre â—ho was Secretary and Privy-Counsellor to K. Henry 8. Edward 6. Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth and seven times Embassadour in foreign parts and lastly to Sir Thomas Bodley employ'd by Queen Elizabeth to several foreign Courts but especially famous for his founding the Publick Library in the University of Oxford call'd after his own name nn Thomas the last Earl of Exeter mention'd by our Author was succeeded by William his son and heir who dying without issue-male The Eaâ—â—s continu'd left that honour to David Cecil Son of Sir Richard Cecil who was second son to Thomas Earl of Exeter This David was succeeded by John his son and heir and he by his son of the same name o At the confluence of Ex and Clist is Topesham Topheshaâ— an ancient town that hath flourish'd much by the obstructions of the river Ex. Several attempts have been made to remove these dammes but none so effectual as the new works in the time of King Charles 2. at the vast expence indeed of the City of Exeter but to such advantage that Lighters of the greatest burden come up to the city-key On the east of Exeter is a parish call'd Heavy-tree Heavy-tâ—â—â— memorable for the birth of Hooker the judicious Author of the Ecclesiastical Polity and of that great Civilian Dr. Arthur Duck. The next parish is Pinhoe Pinhoe remarkable for bringing forth the two Rainolds John and William brothers zealous maintainers both of the Reform'd and the Popish Religion in their turns Not far from hence is Stoke-Canon Stoke-Câ—non given by K. Canute to the Church of Exeter a representation of which gift was to be seen not long ago in a window of the Parish-Church there viz. a King with a triple Crown and this Inscription Canutus Rex donat hoc Manerium Eccles Exon. Four miles east of Exon we pass the river Clyst near which upon Clyst-heath Clyst-heath the Cornish rebels were totally defeated An. 1549. by John Lord Russel afterwards Earl of Bedford p Next is Honnyton Honnyâ—â—â— where the market was anciently kept on Sundays as it was also in Exeter Launceston and divers other places till in the reign of K. John they were alter'd to other days Over the river Ottery is Vennyton bridge Vennytâ—â—-bridge at which in the time of Edw. 6. a battle was fought against the Cornish rebels q And upon the same river stands Budley Budley famous for being the birth-place of that great Statesman and Historian Sir Walter Rawleigh r From whence to the north east is Sidmouth Sidmouâ—â— now one of the chiefest fisher-towns of those parts s And Seaton Seaton where the inhabitants formerly endeavour'd to cut out a haven and procur'd a Collection under the Great Seal for that purpose but now there remain no footsteps of that work t The river Ax passeth by Ford Ford. to which Abbey the Courtneys were great benefactours it is now in the hands of Edmund Prideaux Esq Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury in the reign of K. Richard 1. was first Monk and then Abbot here Ax empties it self into the sea at Axmouth Axmoâ—â—â— formerly a good harbour for ships Several attempts have been made to repair this decay'd haven by the family of the Earles but all in vain u Crossing the country to the north-west we meet with Hartland Hartâ—â—â—â— the possessions of which Monastery were confirm'd by Richard 1. with the grant of great immunities particularly of a Court holding plea of all matters saving life and member arising in their own lands In the time of Q. Elizabeth a Bill was preferr'd in the house of Commons for finishing that port Not far from this is Clovelly-harbour Cloâ—â—â—â—â— secur'd by a Piere erected at great charges by the Carys who have had their seats here from the time of Richard 2. 'T is now the most noted place in those parts for herring-fishing At a little distance lies Hole or South-hold Sâ—â—th-hold the native place of Dr. John Moreman Vicar of Maynhennet in Cornwall towards the latter end of Henry 8. memorable upon this account that he was the first who taught his Parishioners the Lord's Prayer Creed and ten Commandments in the English tongue By which we learn in how short a time that language has entirely prevail'd against the native Cornish w Upon the river Ock is Okehampton â—kehampton which as it had formerly 92 Knights fees belonging to it so it is at present a good market town incorporated by K. James 1. sends Burgesses to Parliament and gives the title of Baron to the family of the Mohuns More to the north lies Stamford-Courtney Stamford-Courtney where began a great insurrection in the time of K. Edward 6. by two of the inhabitans one of whom would have no Gentlemen the other no Justices of Peace x At a little distance is North-Tawton North-Tawton where there is a pit of large circumference 10 foot deep out of which sometimes springs up a little brook or bourn and so continues for many days 'T is taken by the common people as a fore-runner of publick sorrow as that Bourn in Hertfordshire call'd Woobournmore Directly towards the north upon the river Moule lieth South-moulton â—outh-â—oulton an ancient town incorporate formerly call'd Snow-moulton when it was held by the Martyns by Sergeanty to find a man with a bow and three arrows to attend the Earl of Gloucester when he should hunt thereabouts x From hence to the south-west is Torrington â—â—rrington call'd in old Records Chepan-Torrington an ancient Borough which sent Burgesses to Parliament But that privilege hath been long discontinu'd both here and in other places in this County It was incorporated by Queen Mary by the name of Mayor Aldermen and Burgesses and hath yielded the title of Earl to George Duke of Albemarle the great Restorer of K. Charles 2. as after him to Christopher his only son and since to Arthur Herbert the present Earl late Lord Admiral y The river goes next to Bediford â—ediford mention'd by our Author for it's bridge It is so high that a ship of 50 or 60 tunn may sail under it For which and for number of arches it equals if not exceeds all others in England 'T was begun by Sir Theobald Granvill and for the finishing of it the Bishop of the Diocese granted out Indulgences to move the people to more liberal contributions and accordingly great sums of money were collected This place hath been in the possession of the Granvills ever since the Conquest a family famous particularly for Sir Richard Granvill's behaviour in Glamorganshire in the reign of W. Rufus and another of the same name under Q. Elizabeth who with one ship maintain'd a sea-fight for 24 hours against 50 of the Spanish Galeons and at last yielded upon
publick spirit For this reason the present Chancellor of the University at the same time providing for the memorial of himself has in this Library erected a Statue of Sir Thomas Bodley that great friend and patron of Learning with this Inscription THOMAS SACKVILLUS DORSETTIAE COMES SUMMUS ANGLIAE THESAURARIUS ET HUJUS ACADEMIAE CANCELLARIUS THOMAE BODLEIO EQUITI AURATO QUI BIBLIOTHECAM HANC INSTITUIT HONORIS CAUSSA PIE POSUIT That is THOMAS SACKVIL EARL OF DORSET LORD HIGH TREASURER OF ENGLAND AND CHANCELLOR OF THIS UNIVERSITY PIOUSLY ERECTED THIS MONUMENT TO THE HONOUR OF SIR THOMAS BODLEY KNIGHT WHO INSTITUTED THIS LIBRARY In the Reign of Henry the Seventh for the better advancement of Learning William Smith Bishop of Lincoln built new out of the Ground Brazen-Nose-College ff which was b With Exhibitions for 13 Scholars An. 1572. well endow'd by the pious and good old man Alexander Nowell Dean of St. Pauls About the same time Richard Fox Bishop of Winchester founded Corpus-Christi-College gg After these Cardinal Wolsey Arch-bishop of York on the site of the Monastery of St. Frideswide began the most noble and ample Foundation of all others 15 For Professors and two hundred Students which King Henry 8. with addition of Canterbury-College did richly endow and gave it the name of Christ-Church Christ-Church hh 16 Assign'd to a Dean Prebends and Students The same mighty Prince at the expence of his own Exchequer honored the City with an Episcopal See and the University with publick Professors And in our own age that the Muses might still be courted with greater favours Sir Thomas Pope Kt. and Sir Thomas White Kt. Citizen and Alderman of London have repair'd Durham and Bernard Colleges which lay almost buried in their own dust have enlarg'd their buildings endow'd them with lands and given them new names dedicating the former to the Holy Trinity ii this latter to St. John Baptist kk Queen Mary c The publick Schools at the time of Mr. Camden's writing ow'd their restitution to the piety and bounty of Queen Mary An. 1554. but the present fabrick in form of a stately Quadrangle was rais'd by the contribution of Sir Thomas Bodley and other Benefactors An. 1613. built from the ground the publick Schools And lately Hugh Price Dr. of Laws has happily laid a new foundation 17 With good speed and happy success as I wish call'd in honour of our Saviour Jesus-College ll These Colleges in number sixteen beside eight Halls mm all fairly built and well endow'd together with their excellent and useful Libraries do so raise the credit and esteem of Oxford that it may be justly thought to exceed all other Universities in the world nn Nor does it yield the precedence to any in Living Libraries for so with Eunapius I may term the men of profound learning nor in the admirable method of teaching all Arts and Sciences nor in excellent discipline and most regular government of the whole body But why this digression Oxford is very far from standing in need of a Panegyric having already gain'd the universal esteem and admiration of the world Nor would I by any means seem extravagant in the commendation of my mother University Let it suffice to say of Oxford what Pomponius said of Athens It is so eminent that there needs no pointing at it But by way of conclusion take this passage which begins the history of Oxford from the Proctor's book Chronicles and Histories do assure us that several places in different parts of the world have been famous for the studies of Arts and Sciences But of all such places of study among the Latins Oxford appears to be of the most ancient foundation to profess a greater variety of knowledge to be more firm in adhering to the Catholick Religion and to enjoy more good customs and greater privileges The Astronomers observe this City to be in twenty two degrees of longitude or distance from the fortunate Islands and in the northern latitude of fifty one degrees and fifty minutes 18 And thus much briefly of my dear Nurse-Mother Oxford As soon as Isis and Cherwell have joyn'd their * Besides this number valu'd at more than a thousand pound he gave 126 Volumes more in the year 1440. an in 1443. a much greater number with considerable additions at his death An. 1446. streams below Oxford the Isis with a swift and deeper current passes on to the south to find out the Tame River Tame which it seems long to have sought for Nor does it run many miles before the said Tame rising in the County of Bucks comes and joyns with it which river upon entrance into this County gives its own name to a Market-town of pleasant situation among rivers for the river Tame washes the north part of the town and two little brooks slide by it on the east and west sides This place has been in a flourishing condition ever since Henry Bishop of Lincoln in the reign of Henry 3. Claus 3 Hen. 3. brought the great road which lay before upon one side of the town through the middle of it Alexander that munificent Bishop of Lincoln Lord of this Manour to alleviate the publick odium he had contracted by his extravagant expences in building of Castles founded here a small Monastery And many years after the Quatremans a Family in former times of great repute in these parts built here an Hospital for the maintenance of poor people But neither of these foundations are at present to be seen though instead of them Sir John Williams Lord Williams of Tame Kt. advanced to the dignity of a Peer of this Realm by Queen Mary under the title of Baron Williams of Tame has here founded a beautiful School and an Alms-house oo 19 But this title soon determined when he left but daughters married into thâ— families of Norris aâ—d Wenman From hence the Tame runs near Ricot Ricot a neat seat which belong'd formerly to the Quatermans upon whose failure of issue male it was sold away by the Fowlers and Hernes till it came at last into the hands of the Lord Williams before-mention'd and by his daughter to the Lord Henry Norris Lord Norris whom Queen Elizabeth advanc'd to the dignity of a Peer by the title of Baron Norris of Ricot pp a person as well eminent for his honourable descent being deriv'd from the d Sir Edward Norris Knight marry'd Tridesaide younger daughter of Francis Viscount Lovel Lovels who were allied to most of the great families in England as more especially for his stout and martial sons whose valour and conduct are sufficiently known in Holland Portugal Bretagne and Ireland The next place visited by the Tame 20 Huseley where sometimes the names of Burentines flâ—urished as at Chalgrave is e The same place we find in the Catalogue of the British-Cities call'd by Ninnius and Huntingdon Cair Dauri by Alfred of Beverley
Kirkby-Thore in the same County MS. This County as to Pedigrees and the Intermarriages of greater Families has been well consider'd and illustrated by Sir Daniel Fleming a great Encourager and Promoter of Aniquities MS. WILTSHIRE STone-henge restor'd written by Sir Inigo Jones and publish'd by Mr. Webb 1658. Answer to Sir Inigo Jones by Dr. Charleton Vindication of Sir Inigo Jones by his Son in Law Mr. Webb Architect to King Charles 1. Publish'd 1665. Sammes of Stonehenge a separate Discourse in his Britannia A short Treatise upon the same Subject was written by Mr. John Gibbons MS. Wilton-garden describ'd in 22 Copper Cutts in folio At that time it had the reputation of one of the finest gardens in Europe Mr. Tanner of Queen's College in Oxford has made large Collections in order to the Antiquities of this County See Wiltshire pag. 107. WORCESTERSHIRE WOrcester's Eulogie or a grateful acknowledgment of her Benefactors by J. T. Master of Arts a Poem 1638. A large description of Worcestershire MS. is now in the hands of Thomas Abingdon Esquire It was written by his Grandfather an able and industrious Antiquary YORKSHIRE AND RICHMONDSHIRE A Catalogue of all the Bailiffs Mayors and Sheriffs of the City of York from the time of Edw. 1. to the year 1664. by ..... Hillyard Recorder of the same City York 1665. Some Observations upon the Ruins of a Roman-Wall and multangular Tower in York with the draught by Martin Lister Esquire Phil. Transact Num. 145. Jul. 10. 1683. The Antiquities of the City of York by Sir Thomas Widdrington MS. The original Manuscript is now in the hands of Thomas Fairfax of Menston Esq See Yorkshire pag. 734. Dr. Jonston of Pontefract hath made large collections in order to the Antiquities of this whole County which he is now digesting and fitting for the Publick The English Spaw-Fountain in the Forest of Knaresburrow by Edw. Dean M. D. 1626. Another Book upon the same Subject by Mich. Stanhop 1632. A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural Dialect 1683. WALES GIraldus Cambrensis's Itinerary of Wales A Manuscript of David Morganius mention'd by Vossius History of Penbrokeshire written by Geo. Owen Esq now in the hands of Howel Vaughan of Hengwrt Esquire TREATISES relating to SCOTLAND extracted out of Sir Robert Sibalds's Materials for the Scotch-Atlas THeatrum Scotiae by Robert Gordon in Latin Description of Edenburgh by his Son A description of Scotland and the Isles adjacent by Petruccius Ubaldinus in Italian King James 5th's Voyage round his Kingdom with the Hebrides and Orcades in French The Original Manners c. of the Scots by John Lesly Heroës Scoti by John Jonston A Catalogue of the Scotch Nobility in Scotch Andreae Melvini Gathelus Topographia Scotiae by the same hand An account of Rona and Hirta by Sir Geo. Makenzy Metals and Minerals in Scotland by D. Borthwick An account of Cathness by Mr. William Dundass An account of Sutherland by the same hand Observations upon Cathness by the same hand An account of Hadington deliver'd by the Magistrates of the place Description of part of the Praefecture of Aberdeen An account of a strange Tide in the river of Forth by the Reverend Mr. Wright Vindication of Buchanan against Camden per D. H.MS Collections relating to St. Andrews MS. The Antiquity of the Scotch Nation MS. Description of the High-lands of Scotland MS. Vindication of Scotland against Camden by W. Drummond of Hawthornden MS. An account of the metals found in Scotland by Mr. Atkinson MS. A description of Scotland and of the Northern and Western Isles MS. Scotia illustrata by Sir Rob. Sibalds Theatrum Scotiae or a description of the most considerable Cities and Gentlemen's Seats in the Kingdom of Scotland by J. Slezer Barclay's Treatise of Aberdeen-spaw Vid. Theatrum Scotiae pag. 30. IRELAND SIR James Ware hath given us an exact List of the Irish Authors in his Scriptores Hiberniae edit Dublin 1639. ISLANDS A Descripâ—ion of the Isle of Man in Dan. King's Antiquities of Cheshire An accurate Description of the same Island MS. out of which the Additional Account to the Isle of Man was extracted for me by Mr. Strahan of Baliol-College in Oxford A Description of Thule by Sir Robert Sibalds A Description of the Orcades by Mr. Wallace An Account of the Orcades by Matthew Mackaile A Discovery of the Tides in these Islands by the same Hand Description of Hethland and of the Fishery there by Jo. Smith A Table of Hethland with a description of it Observations upon the Aebudae An accurate Description of Jersey by Mr Fall 4o. ¶ Besides these there are great Numbers of Lieger-Books Charters Registers c. relating to the Religious Houses preserv'd in the Libraries of Sir Thomas Bodley Sir John Cotton c. and in the hands of several private Gentlemen a Catalogue whereof with the Proprietors is given by Mr. Tanner in his Notitia Monastica Antoninuss ITINERARY THROUGH BRITAIN As it is compar'd by Mr. BURTON with the several Editions Iter Britanniarum à Gessoriaco de Galliis Ritupis in Portu Britanniarum Stadia numero CCCCL ITER I. A Limite id est à Vallo Praetorium usque M. P. CLVI Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana Ab Remaenio A Bremenio Corstopilum m. p. xx Bramenio Corstopitum  Vindomoram m. p. ix   Vinoviam m. p. xix Viconia  Cataractonem m. p. xxii   Isurium m. p. xxiv  Ebur 17. Eboracum Leg. vi Victrix m p. xvii Ebur 17.  Derventionem m. p. vii   Delgovitiam m. p. xiii   Praetorium m. p. xxv  ITER II. Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  Iter à Vallo ad   Portum Ritupas   M. P. CCCCLXXXI sic  Ablato Tâ—lg A Blato Bulgio Castra Exploratorum m. p. * xii Ablat  * 10 15. Lugu-vall Luguvallum m. p. xii Lugu-vall  Voredam m. p. xiiii   Brovonacim m. p. xiii   Verterim m. p. * xiii * al. 20.  Lavatrim m. p. xiiii  * 16. Cataractonem m. p. * xiii * 16. Isuriam Isurium m. p. xxiiii Isuriam Eburacum 18. Eboracum m. p. xvii Eburacum 18. Cacaria Calcariam m. p. ix  Cambodun Camulodunum m. p. xx Cambodun  Mamucium m. p. xviii Mammuc Manuc  Condate m. p. xviii  * Vici Devam Leg. xx * Victrix m. p. xx * Leg. xxiii ci  Bovium m. p. x.   Mediolanum m. p. xx   Rutunium m. p. xii  Urio Con. Viroconium m. p. xi Urio Con.  Uxaconam m. p. xi  Penno-Cruc Pennocrucium m. p. xii Penno-Cruc  Etocetum m. p. xii  Mandues-Sed * 16. Manduessedum m.p. * vi ††16 Mandues-Sed  Venonim m. p. xii  Bennavent 16. Bennavennam m. p. xvii Bennavent Ban.  Lactodorum m. p. xii Lactorod  Magiovintum m. p. * xvii Magint * 12.  Durocobrivim m. p. xii Duro-Cobr Vero-Lam Verolamium m. p. xii Vero-Lam
Dikes so that probably the Saxons might draw them to divide the great Lordships or for some such purpose c Upon what ground Mr. Camden places Wodensburge Wodâ—â—burgâ— upon this Dike does not appear There are no remains of such a name in any village near it except it be Woodborow three miles south of it but then there is not the least sign or tradition of a battle fought there One would rather guess that Wanborow on the borders of Wiltshire and Barkshire is the town mention'd by our Historians For as Wodensdic pass'd into Wansdick so might Wodensburgh by the same reason be chang'd into Wanburh or Wanborow And without doubt this has been formerly a town of great note as appears by the quantities of Roman Coins that have been frequently found at it and the neighbourhood of a Saxon Camp on Badbury-hill plainly shews that the battle must have been fought hereabouts d Now to begin with North-Wiltshire the Thames before it comes to Creeklade receives from the north a little river call'd Churn not far from which is Pulton â—on a town within the bounds of Glocestershire yet belongs to and is reckon'd a part of Wiltshire where was a Priory of the Order of S. Gilbert founded in the time of Edw. 1. After this brook has enter'd the Thames they go to Cricklade â—klade call'd Creckanford Cricgelada c. and by the Saxon-Annals Creccagelade and Craeccilade where if the Monkish Writers could always be rely'd upon we might safely settle a Greek school which they in a manner unanimously affirm to have been founded or rather restored by that learned Archbishop of Canterbury Theodorus But those over-credulous Authors seem to have no other grounds besides the bare affinity of names and to make that a good argument â—ecem â—ptores â—4 l. 59. are willing to have it call'd Greklade which makes their opinion so much the more plausible How true the matter of fact may be I shall not undertake to determine since â—a Reâ— Alfredi that point has been already pretty warmly manag'd on both sides It is certain however that Cricklade has formerly been a town of great reputation for it appears by the Red Book in the Exchequer that there once belong'd to it 1300 Hidelands and it gave name to the Hundred of Cricklade which is now united to that of High-worth But if it's Greek-school have nothing to support it besides the similitude of names I fancy it may with more reason be deriv'd either from the British Cerigwlâd i.e. a stony country to which the nature of the soil does very well agree or from the Saxon craecca a brook and ladian to empty for here the Churn and Rey empty themselves into the Thames It has now a Free-school founded by Robert Jenner Esq and endow'd by him with 40 l. per Annum e The river Avon is our next guide call'd for distinction's sake Lower-Avon probably the Antona of Tacitus and the Bladon of William of Malmesbury which at it's first entry into Wiltshire crosses the Foss-way â—way still very plain in this part of the country From Cirencester it comes into this County near Kemble â—well and so runs west of Crudwell which gave the title of Baroness to Lady Mary Lucas of Crudwell whose Father John Lord Lucas â—r MS. built here a Free-school and endow'd it with 20 l. per An. by Ashley to Long Newnton Then west of Brokenbridge to Easton-Grey â—on and so not far from Sherston which appears to have been a Roman station as well by it's situation near this Consular Way as by the Roman Coins frequently found at it Some of the silver ones viz. of Antoninus Faustina Gordianus and Fl. Julianus are given to Ashmole's Musaeum in Oxford by Mr. John Aubrey What it 's name was in the Roman times we have no light in History but this in all probability was the place of battle between King Edmund and the Danes A. D. 1016. call'd by the Saxon Chronicle Sceorstan For as the agreement of the names justifie the conjecture so do the particular circumstances both of the place and action The several barrows hereabouts put it beyond all dispute that there has been a battle and the Inhabitants have to this day a tradition that it was against the Danes Now this of K. Edmund's lays best claim to it both because Sherston is nearer to Pen where the last battle before this was fought than any town yet assign'd to be the place and also because the account that Florence of Worcester has left us of that matter agrees very well to it He expresly says his Sceorstan was in Wiccia within the borders whereof this Sherston is For there is no doubt but Wiccia extended on both sides the Severn as far as the Kingdom of Mercia did now Camden has observ'd out of Ethelwerd that the Avon was the limit between Mercia and the Kingdom of the West-Saxons and the learned â—cil â—1 p. Sir Henry Spelman tells us that Aldhelm Abbot of Malmsbury was present at a Mercian Synod so that without doubt this part of Wiltshire belong'd to Mercia and consequently this Sherston might be in Wiccia And this is confirm'd by that passage in Brompton where he says that the cities of Cirencester and Chippenham were in the south part of the Country of the Wiccians From Sherston the Fosse passes by Alderton and Littleton-Drew and so east of West-Kington W Kington †Aubr MS in which parish on a Down call'd Ebdown is a single-ditch'd Camp suppos'd to be Roman Hence it goes to Castle-comb and so west of Slaughtenford Slaughtenford the very name of which denotes what the constant tradition of the Inhabitants has handed down concerning a great slaughter of the Danes in this place Their Camp might probably be * Ibid. that double Entrenchment in Bury-wood between Colern and North-Wraxall not far from which the Fosse enters Somersetshire at the Shire-stones f The Avon having cross'd the Foss-way runs directly to Malmsbury Malmsbury call'd by the Saxon Annals Mealdelmesbyrig which Geoffrey of Monmouth without any warrant from authentick History affirms to have been a town in the Roman times and built some hundreds of years before their coming into this Island However 't is certain that early in the Saxon times it was a Castle belonging to the Bishops of the West-Saxons and in all probability this is the place from whence the Charters from Eleutherius to Aldhelm are thus dated Actum publicè juxta flumen Badon As for the Altar-monument in the Church said to be King Aethelstan's it is so far from having been erected immediately after his death that it seems to have been put up long since the Conquest and possibly since the Reformation For William of Malmsbury tells us that this King was interr'd under the High-Altar whereas the monument is in the Nave of the Church and grass grows where the Choir was A. D. 956. after the Monks had
shut the gates against King Charles 1. when he laid siege to the place in the year 1643. Before that siege the City was adorn'd with eleven Parish-Churches but five of them were then demolish'd There is great provision for the poor by Hospitals particularly Bartholomew's Hospital maintains 54 poor men and women to whom there belongs a Minister Physician and Chirurgeon And Sir Thomas Rich Baronet a native of this place gave 6000 l. by Will for a Blewe-coat-Hospital wherein are educated 20 Boys 10 poor Men and as many Women maintain'd all cloath'd annually Besides these and three more there are many other Benefactions to encourage young Tradesmen and to place out boys Apprentices m As to this place being the seat of a British Bishop there is this farther confirmation that in the Hall of the Bishop's Palace is written Eldadus Episcopus Glocestrensis and Bishop Godwin says that Theonus was translated from Glocester to London in the year 553. n Just beyond Glocester the Severn passeth by Lanthony Lanthony a ruinated Priory built in the year 1136. as a Cell to that of St. John Baptist in Wales Above this on a little hill stood Newark-house which belong'd to the Prior and has been lately rebuilt by my Lord Scudamore the owner thereof o Below this the river Stroud Stroud runneth into the Severn upon which standeth a town of the same name famous for cloathing the water whereof is said to have a peculiar quality in dying Reds It is a market-town standing on the ascent of a hill snd is the chief residence of the Clothiers in these parts whose trade in this County amounts to 500000 l. per annum some making a thousand Cloaths a year for their own share Between this and Glocester standeth Paynswick Paynswick a market-town said to have the best and wholsomest air in the whole County and near it on the hill was Kembsborow-Castle Kembsborow Castle the fortifications and trenches whereof are still visible Beyond which lyeth Prinknersh once the mansion of the Abbot of Glocester a pleasant seat on the side of the hill 't is now the inheritance of John Bridgman Esq a descendant of Sir John Bridgman Lord chief Justice of Chester South of the river Stroud and not far from Minchin hampton a pretty market-town once belonging to the Nuns of Sion is Wood-chester Wood-chester famous for it's tesseraick work of painted beasts and flowers which appears in the Churchyard two or three foot deep in making the graves If we may believe tradition Earl Godwin's wife to make restitution for her husband's fraud at Barkley built a Religious-house here with those pretty ornaments that are yet to be seen p But now to return to our Author Barkley Barkley is the largest parish in the County and gives name to the greatest division The place is honour'd by giving title to George Earl of Barkley who hath a fair Castle here tho' not so large as formerly The little room where the unhappy King Edward was murder'd is still to be seen The Mayor here is only titular The manour of Kings-Weston tho' at 12 miles distance from Barkley is yet in the same Hundred and was as it appears by Domesday at and before the Conquest a parcel of the said manour of Barkley In the year 1678. it was purchas'd by Sir Robert Southwell who has there between the Avon and the Severn a very pleasant seat It hath a prospect into several Counties and the ships in Kings-road are at an easie distance The Southwells were formerly considerable in Nottinghamshire at the town of the same name from whence they removed into Norfolk In King James 1.'s time the eldest branch went into Ireland where the said Sir Robert enjoys a fair estate on the opposite shore to King-weston at King-sale and thereabouts q Alderly Alderly is now only famous for being the birth-place of Sir Matthew Hale Lord chief Justice of England who dying in the year 1676. lyeth buried in this Churchyard under a tomb of black marble r As Oldbury Oldbury in both parts of it's name carries something of antiquity so has it that title confirm'd to it by a large Campus major of the Roman Fortifications and where the Church now stands was the Campus minor there are in this County several more such s At a little distance from the Severn is Thornbury Thornbury only a titular Mayor-town The Castle design'd to be rebuilt had this Inscription This gate was begun 1511. 2 Hen. 8. by me Edward Duke of Buckingham Earl of Hereford Stafford and Northampton He was beheaded before he perfected his design for he had intended to make the Church at Thornbury Collegiate with Dean and Prebends They have here four small Alms-houses a Free-school and weekly market The most considerable Gentry heretofore paid an annual attendance at Thornbury-Court where the Abbot of Tewksbury was oblig d personally to say Mass t Puckle-Church Puckle-Church is now only a small village the seat of the Dennis's whose family have been 18 times High-Sheriff of this County Beyond this near Bristol lyeth Kingswood-forest Kingswoo◠formerly of a much larger extent but now drawn within the bounds of 5000 acres It consists chiefly of Coal-mines several Gentry being possessors of it by Patent from the Crown 'T is a controverted point whether it be a Forest or Chase for 't is said to have been dependant upon Micklewood that is now destroy'd Within it are two fine seats Barrs-Court in Bitton-parish belonging to Sir John Newton Baronet and Siston-house to Samuel Trotman Esquire Not far from Bristol lyeth Westbury Westbury upon Trin which river now is dwindled into a little brook Here was a famous College encompass'd with a strong wall built by John Carpenter Bishop of Worcester about the year 1443. who design'd to have been stil'd Bishop of Worcester and Westbury This with the adjacent Parishes in Glocestershire that lye round Bristol are under the Jurisdiction of the Bishop of Bristol On the top of St. Vincent's Rocks S. Vincen◠Rocks near Bristol * Aubr M is a roundish fortification or Camp the rampire and graffe thereof not great for by reason of the nearness of the rock which is as hard as marble the ground is not easily digg'd Whether those rocks towards the top consist mostly of petrify'd pieces of wood as some are inclin'd to think let the Naturalists examine The precipice of the Rock over the river Avon has made all Works on the west-side needless About two miles from St. Vincent's rocks is Henbury Henbury †Ibid. where is a Camp with three rampires and trenches from which one may conclude it to have been done rather by the Britains than any other people u The Fortifications mention'd by our Author to be at Derham Derham are I suppose the same with that ‖ Mon. Ba◠MS. Mr. Aubrey has taken notice of upon Henton-hill in that parish It is call'd
were Publick Stews call'd by the Latins Lupanaria wherein Whores prostituted and set to sale their modesty because they like rapacious She-wolves hale miserable silly people into their dens But these were prohibited by King Hen. 8. at a time when England was at the height of Lust and Luxury tho' in foreign nations they are still continu'd for gain under the specious pretence of making allowance to humane infirmity But I do not believe that they call'd this place in our language The Stews Stewes from these Bawdy houses but from the fish-ponds here for the fatting of ‖ Lucios Pikes and Tench and scowring off their muddy fennish taste Here I have seen the bellies of Pikes open'd with a knife to shew their fatness and the gaping wounds presently clos'd by the touch of Tenches and by their glutinous slime perfectly heal'd up Among these buildings there is a place for Bull-bating and Bear-bating with certain several Kennels of Band-dogs Canes cathenai which are so strong and bite so close that three of them are able to manage a Bear and four a Lion So that what the Poet said formerly of our Dogs That they could break the necks of Bulls is very true as is also what another observ'd That they are more fierce and eager than the Arcadian ones suppos'd to be engender'd of Lions w At what time this Borough was joyn'd to London by a bridge the City was not only enlarg'd but also modell'd into an excellent form of Government the Citizens being distributed into * Corpora sive Collegia Bodies or Colleges The City it self was divided into 26 Wards Wards and the management of all publick concerns put in the hands of as many ancient Men Tribus call'd in our language from their age Aldermen in Latin Senatores each of whom had the government of one Ward And whereas formerly they had for their chief Magistrate a Port-reve i.e. a †Praefectus Governour of the City King Richard ordain'd two Bailiffs instead of which King John granted them the privilege of choosing a Mayor Mayor yearly out of their twelve principal Companies and of nominating two Vice-Comites or Sheriffs the one call'd the King's and the other the City-Sheriff After this new Government was establisht 't is incredible how it grew in publick and private Buildings and is still growing the rest of the Cities in England rather decaying For to pass by the Senate-house call'd Guild-hall built with great beauty by 65 Sir Thomas Knowles Tho. Knowles Mayor and Leaden hall a large and curious piece of work built by Simon Eire for a common Garner to beat down the price of Corn in times of dearth That circuit of Pillars also or the middle Janus Bursa which the Common-people call the Burse but Queen Elizabeth nam'd the Royal Exchange 1567. Royal Exchange built by Sir Thomas Gresham Knight for the use of Merchants and the ornament of the City A magnificent thing it is whether you consider the Structure it self the resort of Merchants from all Nations or the variety of Commodities The same person being a great admirer of Learning consecrated a spacious house that he had in the City to the improvement of good Letters Gresham-College and settled gentele Salaries upon six Professors of Divinity Law Physick Astronomy Geometry and Musick that London might not only be as it were a shop of all kind of wares but a treasury also of Arts and Sciences To pass by also the house of the Hanse-Company 66 Commonly call'd the Stil-yard as the Easterlings-yard the conveyance of water into all parts of the City by pipes under ground and neat Castles for the reception of it together with the new Aquiduct lately contriv'd by Peter Maurice a German of great ingenuity and industry and by the help of a wheel with little pipes plac'd at a certain level brings water out of the Thames to a great part of the City Besides these I say it is in all parts so beautified with Churches and Religious houses that one would think Religion and Piety had made choice of it for their residence For it has in it 121 Churches more than Rome 67 As great and holy as it is her self can show besides †Nosocomia Xenodochia Hospitals and particularly in that Nursery of young boys call'd Christ-Church it maintains about 600 Orphans x and 1240 poor people that live upon Alms c. It would be too tedious to insist particularly upon the excellency of its Laws and Constitutions the dignity of its Governours loyalty and obedience to their Prince the courteousness of the Citizens the splendour of its buildings the many choice and excellent Wits it produces the pleasure of it's gardens in the Suburbs admirably stockt with foreign Herbs its numerous and well appointed fleet that incredible treasure of all sorts of Commodities particularly it furnishes Antwerp yearly with two hundred thousand †Pannorum Lancorum woollen Cloaths besides what it sends to other places and the great plenty of whatever either the necessity or convenience of humane life requires 68 About four hundred years since So what H. Junius says in his Philippeis is very true Tectis opibúsque refertum Lodinum si fas numeroso cive superbum Larga ubi foecundo rerum undat copia cornu London where circling riches still return Where num'rous tribes the stately piles adorn And willing plenty shakes her fruitful horn And J. Scaliger in his Book of Cities Urbs animis numeróque potens robore gentis For number strength and courage of her men Great London's fam'd Another also hammer'd out these verses concerning London if you vouchsafe to read them Wedding of Tame and 〈◊〉 Londinum gemino procurrit littore longè Aemula maternae tollens sua lumina Troiae Clementer surgente jugo dum tendit in ortum Urbs peramaena situ coelóque solóque beata Urbs pietate potens numeroso cive superba Urbsque Britannorum quae digna Britannia dici Haec nova doctrinis Lutetia mercibus Ormus Altera Roma viris Crysaea secunda metallis Stretch'd on a rising hill betwixt the strands London her mother Troy 's great rival stands Where heaven and earth their choicest gifts bestow And tides of men the spatious streets o'reflow London the mighty image of our Isle That we Great Britain of it self may stile Where Chryse Paris Rome and Ormus yield In metals learning people wealth excell'd Henry of Huntingdon also in the time of King Stephen 69 writes thus in commendation of London Ibis in nostros dives Londonia versus Quae nos immemores non sinis esse tui Quando tuas arces tua moenia mente retracto Quae vidi videor cuncta videre mihi Fama loquax nata loqui moritura silendo Laudibus erubuit fingere falsa tuis And thou rich London shalt my verse adorn Thou in my joyful mind art
designs took him off r In the late Civil wars being made a garrison it was almost ruin'd so that he left his project unfinish'd 22 And the old Castle defac'd The family of these Corbets is ancient and of great repute in this Shire and held large estates by fealty of Roger de Montgomery Earl of Shrewsbury about the coming in of the Normans viz. Roger Corbet the son held Huelebec Hundeslit Actun Fernleg c. Robert Corbet the son held lands in Ulestanston Corbet pranomen Rotlinghop Branten Udecot 23 And in later ages this family far and fairly propagated receiv'd encrease both of revenue and great alliance by the marriage of an heir of Hopton More to the south lies Arcoll Arcoll a seat of the Newports 24 Knights of great worship descended from the Barons Grey of Codnor and the Lords of Mothwy Knights and in its neighbourhood is Hagmond-Abbey Hagmond-Abbey which was well endow'd if not founded by the Fitz-Alanes Not much lower is pleasantly situated upon the Severn the Metropolis of this County risen out of the ruins of old Uriconium which we call Shrewsbury Shrewsbury and now a-days more softly and smoothly Shrowsbury Our Ancestors call'd it Scrobbes-byrig because the hill it stands on was well wooded In which sense the Greeks nam'd their Bessa and the Britains this city Penguerne that is the brow of Alders where likewise was a noble Palace so nam'd but how it comes to be call'd in Welsh Ymwithig by the Normans Scropesbery Sloppesbury and Salop and in Latin Salopia I know not unless they be deriv'd from the old word Scrobbes-berig differently wrested Yet some Criticks in the Welsh tongue imagine 't was call'd Ymwithig as much as Placentia from the Welsh Mwithau and that their Bards gave it that name because their Princes of Wales delighted most in this place It is situated upon a hill the earth of which is of a red-dish colour the Severn is here passable by two fair bridges and embracing it almost round makes it a Peninsula as Leland our Poet and Antiquary describes it Edita Pinguerni late fastigia splendent Urbs sita lunato veluti mediamnis in orbe Colle tumet modico duplici quoque ponte superbit Accipiens patriâ sibi linguâ nomen ab alnis Far off it's lofty walls proud Shrewsb'ry shows Which stately Severn 's crystal arms enclose Here two fair bridges awe the subject stream And Alder-trees bestow'd the ancient name 'T is both naturally strong and well-fortified by art for Roger de Montgomery who had it given him by the Conquerour built a Castle upon a rising rock i in the northern parts of this town after he had pull'd down about 50 houses whose son Robert when he revolted from King Hen. 1. enclos'd it with walls on that side where the Severn does not defend it k which were never assaulted that I know of in any war but that of the Barons against King John When the Normans first settl'd here 't was a well-built city and well frequented for as it appears by Domesday-book 25 In King Edward the Confessor's time it paid Gelt according to an hundred Hides In the Conquerour's time it paid yearly seven pounds c. it was tax'd 7 l. 16 s. to the King yearly There were reckon'd 252 Citizens 12 of whom were bound to keep guard when the Kings of England came hither and as many to attend him whenever he hunted which I believe was first occasion'd by one Edrick Sueona a Mercian Duke but a profligate villain who ſ An. Christi 1006. Flor. Wigorn. not long before had way-lay'd Prince Alfhelm and slain him as he was hunting At which time as appears by the same book there was t There are not now the least remains of any such custom a custom in this city That what way soever a woman marry'd if a widow she should pay to the King 20 shillings but if a virgin 10 shillings in what manner soever she took the husband But to return this Earl Roger not only fortify'd it but improv'd it much by other useful buildings both publick and private and founded a beautiful Monastery dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul and endow'd it liberally as he did likewise u The very marks of this Church are quite gone unless it was mistaken for St. Giles's yet standing in the same parish tho' ruinous and which some alledge was the ancient Parish-Church the Church-yard of it being yet their common place of burial St. Gregory's Church upon these conditions so a private history of this Monastery expresses it That when the Prebendaries thereof should die the Prebends should go to the Monks From which arose no small contest for the Prebendaries sons su'd the Monks to succeed their fathers in those Prebends and at that time Prebendaries and Clerks in England were not oblig'd to celibacy but it was customary for Ecclesiastical Benefices to descend hereditarily to the next of blood Prebends inheritable But this controversie was settled in Henry 1.'s reign That heirs should not inherit Ecclesiastical Benefices about which time laws were enacted obliging Clergy-men to celibacy Afterwards other Churches were here built and to pass by the Covents of Dominican Franciscan and Augustine Friers sounded by the Charltons Jenevills and Staffords there were two Collegiate Churches w Besides these there are two other Parish-Churches within the walls St. Alkman's and St. Julian's erected St. Chads with a Dean and ten Prebendaries and St. Mary's with a Dean and nine minor Prebends At this day 't is a fine City well inhabited of good commerce and by the industry of the Citizens their Cloath-manufacture and their trade with the Welsh very rich for hither all Welsh commodities are brought as to the common Mart of both Nations It 's Inhabitants art partly English partly Welsh they use both Languages and this must be mention'd in their praise that they have set up 25 A School wherein were more Scholars in number when I first saw it than any School in England one of the largest Schools in England for the education of youth for which Thomas Aston the first Head-School-master a man of great worth and integrity provided by his own industry a competent Salary l 26 It shall not now I hope be impertinent to note that when divers of the Nobility conspir'd against King Henry 4. with a purpose to advance Edmund Mortimer Earl of March to the Crown as the undoubtful and right heir whose father King Richard the second had also declar'd heir-apparent and Sir Henry Percy call'd Hot-Spur then addressed himself to give the assault to Shrewsbury c. At this city when Henry Percy the younger rebell'd against Henry the fourth and was resolutely bent to attack its walls which that King had made exceeding strong by a turn of Fortune he was prevented and his measures broken in a trice for the King himself was suddenly at his
which is large but barely surrounded with a single wall and by a huge mount with a round tower upon the top of it It was of such dignity heretofore that all the manours hereabouts appertaining to it were stiled the Honour of Tickhill In Henry the first 's reign it was held by Roger Busty but afterwards King Stephen made the Earls of Ewe in Normandy Lords of it Next King Richard 1. gave it to his brother John Plac. An. 3. Joan. Plac. M. 4. H. 3 In the Barons war Robert de * Veteri ponte Vipont took and detained it till Henry the thiâ—d deliver'd to him the castle of Carlisle and that County upon condition he would restore it to the Earl of Ewe But upon the King of France's refusal to restore the English to the estates they had in France the King dispossest him again John Earl of Ewe still demanding restitution of it from King Edward the first in right of Alice his great grandmother Lastly Richard the second King of England gave it to John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster Now the Dan which here begins to rise and frequently overflows its banks re-unites its scatter'd streams and after it hath run on in one entire chanel by Hatfield Chase where there is special good Deer-hunting i it divides it self again one stream running towards the river Idel which comes out of Nottinghamshire the other towards the river Are in both which they continue till they meet again and fall into the aestuary of Humber k Within the Island or that piece of ground encompassed by the branches of these two rivers are Diche-march and Marshland Marshland fenny tracts or rather River-islands about fifteen miles round which produce a very green rank grass good for cattel and are as it were set round with little villages Some of the inhabitants imagine the whole Island floats upon the water and that sometimes when the waters are encreased 't is rais'd higher just like what Pomponius Mela tells us of the Isle of Antrum in Gaul Among other brooks which water this place I must not forget to mention the Went because it arises from a pool near Nosthill Nosthill where formerly stood a monastery dedicated to that royal Saint Oswald St. Oswald which was repaired by A. Confessor to King Henry the first and at this day is the seat of the famous family of the Gargraves Knights l b Now the Seat of Sir Edmund Win Baronâ—â— Calder riv The river Calder which flows along the borders between this and Lancashire among other inconsiderable little places runs by Gretland situated on the very top of a hill and accessible but on one side where was digged up this Votive Altar sacred as it seems to the tutelar God of the city of the Brigantes It is to be seen at Bradley in the house of the famous Sir John Savil Kt. Baron of the Exchequer m 4 But now among Sir Robert Cotton's Antiquities DVI CI. BRIG ET NVM GG T. AVR. AVRELIAN VS DD PRO SE ET SVIS S. M. A. G. S. On the other side ANTONINO A◠〈◊〉 â—0â— III. ET GET COSS. Which is to be read Dui Civitatis Brigantum numinibus Augustorum Titus Aurelius Aurelianus dedicavit prose suis i.e. To the God of the City of the Brigantes and to the Deities of the Emperours Titus Aurelius Aurelianus hath dedicated this in behalf of himself and his As for the last remaining letters I cannot tell what they mean The Inscription on the other side is Antonino tertiùm Getae Consulibus Whether this Dui be that God which the Britains call'd Diw Dâ—i Gâ—â—â—â—f places or the peculiar and local Genius of that Ciâ—y may be decided by those who are better Judges But as Symmachus has it Lib 〈◊〉 As the souls are distributed among those that are born even so are the fatal Genii among Nations God does appoint every Kingdom its respective Guardians This was the perswasion and belief of the Ancients in those matters For to say nothing of foreign Nations whose Histories are fruff'd with such local Deities the Britains themselves had their Andates in Essex Dio. their Bello-tucadrus in Cumberland their Viterinus and Mogontus in Northumberland as will be more manifest from the Inscriptions I shall insert in their proper places And lastly 't is rightly observ'd by Servius Honoratus that these local Gods were never transitory or shifted from one Country to another But to return to the Calder Which with supplies from other currents is now become larger and therefore made passable by a very fine bridge at Eland not far distant from Grimscar where bricks have been dug up with this Inscription COH IIII. BRE For the Romans Vâ—pisâ—â— Probo who were excellent Masters in the arts of Discipline and War wisely took care to preserve their Souldiers from effeminacy and sloth by exercising them in times of peace either in draining the Country by casting ditches mending the high-way making of bricks building bridges or the like From hence the river Calder passes through the Mountains on the left by Halifax Halifax a very famous town situated from West to East upon the gentle descent of an hill This name is of no great antiquity not many ages since it was call'd Horton Some 〈◊〉 it was fâ—rmerly câ—â—â— The Câ—â—â—â— in the Grove as some of the Inhabitants say who tell us this story concerning the change of it A certain Clergy-man of this town being passionately in love with a young woman and by no means able to move her to comply with his lust grew stark mad and in that condition villanously cut off her head Her head was afterward hung upon an Ew-tree where it was reputed holy by the vulgar till quite rotten and was often visited in Pilgrimage by them every one plucking off a branch of the tree as a holy relique By this means the tree became at last a meer trunk but still retain'd its reputation of sanctity among the people who even perswaded themselves that those little veins which are spread out like hair in the rind between the bark and the body of the tree were indeed the very hair of the Virgin This occasion'd such resort of Pilgrims to it that Horton from a little village grew up soon to a large town assuming the new name of Halig-fax or Halifax which signifies holy hair Fax whâ—â— signifies For fax is used by the English on the other side Trent to signifie hair And that noble family of the Fairfax in these parts are so denominated from their fair hair And therefore whoever from the affinity of their names would have this to be what Ptolemy calls Olicana are certainly out This town is no less famous among the Commonalty for a By-law Halifax Law whereby they behead any one instantly that 's found stealing nor among the Learned who will have John de sacro Bosco Author of the Treatise De
Rhodes when the great Mahomet was worsted It is now in the hands of Mr. Ralph Thoresby of Leeds East from Knaresbrough stands Ribston-hall â—â—â—ston-â—all the pleasant Seat of the Right Honourable Sir Henry Goodrick Baronet Ambassadour from King Charles the second to the King of Spain now Privy-Councellor and Lieutenant of the Ordnance of the Tower of London hh Another river call'd Ure must be our next direction carrying us to Rippon â—â—ppon where in the Minster-yard is this modest Inscription for a two thousand pound Benefactor Hic jacet Zacharias Jepson cujus aetas fuit 49. perpaucos tantum annos vixit ii It brings us next to Burrowbridge â—â—rrwâ—dge where the Pyramids call'd by the common people the Devil's Arrows are most remarkable That they are artificial we have the opinion of Mr. Camden and the Devil's Coits in Oxofrdshire confirm it which Dr. 〈◊〉 of â—f â—â—th 〈◊〉 Plot affirms to be made of a small kind of stones cemented together whereof there are great numbers in the fields thereabout But whether our Author's conjecture of their being set up as Trophies by the Romans may be allow'd is not so certain A â—ct Sâ—aff 〈◊〉 later Antiquary seems inclin'd to conclude them to be a British work supposing that they might be erected in memory of some battel fought there but is rather of opinion that they were British Deities agreeing with the Learned Dr. Stillingfleet and grounding upon the custom of the Phoenicians and Greeks Nations undoubtedly acquainted with Britain before the arrival of the Romans who set up unpolish'd stones instead of images to the honour of their Gods kk Hard by this is Aldburrow confirm'd to be the Is-urium Is urium of the Ancients from several Roman Coyns and chequer'd Pavements digg'd up there some of which are now in the Musaeum of the ingenious Mr. Thoresby But to be a little more particular upon the remains of Antiquity they meet with take the following account which is the substance of a Letter from Mr. Morris Minister of the place Here are some fragments of Aquiducts cut in great stones and cover'd with Roman tyle In the late Civil wars as they were digging a Cellar they met with a sort of Vault leading as 't is said to the river if of Roman work for it has not yet met with any one curious enough to search it it might probably be a Repository for the Dead The Coyns generally of brass but some few of silver are mostly of Constantine and Carausius tho' there are two of Maximian Dioclesian Valerian Severus Pertinax Aurelius and of other Emperours as also of Faustina and Julia. They meet with little Roman heads of brass and have formerly also found coyn'd pieces of gold with chains of the same metal but none of late About two years ago were found four signet polisht stones three whereof were Cornelians The first had a horse upon it and a stamp of Laurel shooting out five branches the second a Roman sitting with a sacrificing dish in one hand and resting his other on a spear the third a Roman if not Pallas with a spear in one hand wearing a helmet with a shield on the back or on the other arm and under that something like a quiver hanging to the knee the fourth of a purple colour has a Roman head like Severus or Antonine Several Pavements have been found about a foot under-ground and compass'd about with stones of about an inch square but within are little stones of a quarter that bigness wrought into knots and flowers after the Mosaick-fashion No Altars are met with but pieces of Urns and old Glass are common In the Vestry-wall of the Church is plac'd a figure of Pan or Silvanus in one rough stone nyched ll From hence the Ure or Ouse runs to York York in the Antiquities whereof our Author has been so particular that we have little to add This ancient and noble City might have had an agreeable light if Sir Thomas Widdrington a person accomplisht in all Arts as well as his own profession of the Laws after he had wrote an entire History of it had not upon some disgust prohibited the publication The original Manuscript is now in the possession of Thomas Fairfax of Menston Esq Near the Castle stands the shell of Clifford's Tower which was blown up the 24th of April 1684. In the year 1638. in a house near Bishop-hill was found this Altar which is now at the Duke of Buckingham's house in York I. O. M. DIS DEABVSQVE HOSPITALIBVS PE NATIBVSQ OB. CON SERVATAM SALVTEM SVAM SVORVMQ P. AEL MARCIAN VS PRAEF COH ARAM. SAC f. NCD mm Dr. Tobias Matthews was Archbishop of this place * Inscript of the Church of York whose wife Frances a prudent Matron daughter of Bishop Barlow a Confessor in Queen Mary's time was a great Benefactress to the Church bestowing upon it the Library of her husband which consisted of above 3000 Books She is memorable likewise for having a Bishop to her father an Archbishop Matthew Parker of Canterbury to her father-in-law four Bishops to her brethren and an Archbishop to her husband nn The Cathedral Church after it had been burnt down in K. Stephen's time by little and little reviv'd The Thoresby mention'd by our Author was a great benefactor to it and the 29th of July 1631. laid the first stone of the new Quire to which at 16 payments he gave so many hundred pounds besides many other less sums for particular uses towards câ—â—â—ing on that work As he was Archbishop of 〈◊〉 so also was he Lord Chancellour of England and Cardinal Spelm. Gâ— in Cancellarius which I the rather take notice of here because he is omitted by Onuphrius as the Inscription of his seal testifies S. Johis Sci P. ad vincula presbyteri Cardinalis The dimensions of this Cathedral were exactly taken by an ingenious Architect and are as follows  Feet Length beside the buttresses 524 ½ breadth of the east-end 105 breadth of the west-end 109 breadth of the Cross from north to south 222 breadth of the Chapter-house 058 ½ heâ—â—ht of the Chapter-house to the Canopy 086 ½ height of the body of the Minster 099 height of the Lanthorn to the Vault 188 height to the top-leads 213 oo Southward from York is Nun-Apleton Nun-Apleton so call'd from a Nunnery founded there by the Ancestors of the Earls of Northumberland afterwards the seat of Thomas Lord Fairfax General of the Parliament-army who merits a memorial here upon account of the peculiar respect he had for Antiquities As an instance whereof he allow'd a considerable pension to that industrious Antiquary Mr. Dodsworth to collect those of this County which else had irrecoverably perish'd in the late wars For he had but just finish'd the transcript of the Charters and other Manuscripts then lying in St. Mary's tower in York before the same was blown up and all those sacred remains
also by his valour and conduct he so fortunately suppressed that by the self same Victory he both recovered the town surrender'd to him with the Spaniards in it and disarm'd the whole Kingdom of Ireland when with fire and sword they had not only resolved to rebel but were now actually revolting Off from Kinsale on the other side of the river lyes h Called at this day Kyrycurry Kerry-wherry Kerry-wherry a small territory lately belonging to the Earls of Desmond Just before it runs that i At present called Lee. river The river which Ptolemy calls Daurona Dauron and Giraldus Cambrensis by the change of one letter Sauranus and Saveranus which springing from the mountains of Muskerey passes by the principal City of the County grac'd with an Episcopal See whereunto is also now annext the Bishoprick of Clon which Giraldus calls Corcagia in English Cork Cork and among the natives k Corkig This Cork is now mostly inhabited with English who by their industry have so improved their estates trade and city that it far exceeds any city in Ireland Dublin only excepted Corcach It is of an oval form enclos'd with walls and encompass'd with the chanel of the River which also crosses it and is not accessible but by bridges lying along as it were in one direct street with a bridge over it 'T is a populous little trading town and much resorted to but so beset with Rebel-enemies on all sides that they are obliged to keep constant watch as if the town was continually besieged and dare not marry out their daughters into the country but contract one with another among themselves whereby all the Citizens are related in some degree or other They report here that Brioc the Religious person who in that fruitful age of Saints flourished among the Gauls and from whom the Diocese of Sanbrioch in Armorica commonly called St. Brieu S. Brieu takes its name was born and bred in this town Beneath Cork the chanel of the river is divided into 2 branches which uniting again make a large and very pleasant l It is called The Great Island Island over against the chief dwelling house of the Barries an antient and noble family and thereupon is called Barry Court For they are descended from Robert de Barry Barons Barry an Englishman of great worth one who was rather ambitious to be really eminent than to seem so he was the first man that was wounded in the conquest of Ireland G. Camâ—â—â— and that ever mann'd a hawk in that Island His posterity also by their great loyalty and valour have been honoured first with the title of m They are now Earls of Barry-more Baron Barry and afterwards with that of Vicount Butiphant by the Kings of England Vicount Butipcaâ— and from their riches and estates have been called by the people Barry More or Barry the great A little below this the river Saveren near Imokelly formerly the large possession of the Earls of Desmond falls from a creeky mouth into the sea As the Saveren watereth the lower part of this county so n Now commonly called Black-water Broodwater formerly Aven-more that is a great water supplies the upper Upon which is the seat of the noble family de Rupe or Roch Baron Roche transplanted out of England hither where it hath grown and flourished and now enjoys the title of Vicount Fermoy Vicount Fermoâ— In Edward the second 's time they were certainly Barons of Parliament Par. 9 〈◊〉 an 8 Ed. for George Roche was fined 200 Marks for not being present at the Parliament of Dublin as he was summoned As the river Broodwater which by its course for some time is the boundary between this County and Waterford runs into the sea and makes a haven stands Yoghall Yoghall not very large but walled round of an oblong form and divided into two parts the upper which is the greater part stretches Northward having a Church in it and a littley Abby without the wall called North Abby the lower part to the Southward is named the Base-town and has also an Abby called South Abby The convenience of the haven which hath a well fenced Kay in it as also the fruitfulness of the country hereabouts draws Merchants hither so that the town is prety populous and has a Mayor for its chief Magistrate At present the County of Cork reaches only thus far which as I have already observed was heretofore counted a Kingdom Kingdoâ— of Carâ— and was of greater extent containing Desmond also within the bounds of it King Henry 2. gave this Kingdom to 7 Sir Robert Robert Fitz-Stephens and 8 Sir Miles Miles de Cogan in these words Know ye that I have granted the whole Kingdom of Cork except the City and Cantred of Oustmans to hold to them and their heirs of me and my son John by the service of sixty Knights From the heir of this Fitz-Stephen 9 Sir George George Carew now Baron Carew of Clopton is descended in a right line who was not long since Lord President of Mounster and as I most willingly acknowlege has given me great light into the Irish Antiquities The County of WATERFORD ON the East of Ireland between the rivers Broodwater on the West and the Suire on the East the Ocean on the South and the County of Tipperary on the North lyes the County of Waterford a County very fair and delicate both in respect of pleasure and richness Upon Broodwater at its leaving the County of Cork stands Lismor â—â—smor remarkable for its Bishop's See where presided Christian Bâ—â—hop Christian the Bishop and Legat of Ireland about the year 1148. a person very deserving of the Church of Ireland educated at Clarevall in the same Cloister with St. Bernard and Pope Eugenius At present by reason the possessions hereunto belonging have been almost all of them alienated it is annext to the See of Waterford Near the mouth lyes Ardmor Ardmor a small village of which and this river thus heretofore Necham Urbem Lissimor pertransit flumen Avenmor Ardmor cernit ubi concitus aequor adit Avenmor guides his stream through Lismor town Small Ardmor to the ocean sees him run The little adjoyning territory is called Dessee â—â—see the Lord whereof descended from the Desmonds had since our time the honourable title of Vicount Dessee conferred upon him which died soon after with him for want of issue-male Not far from hence stands Dungarvan â—â—â—garâ—â—n upon the sea a town well fortified with a Castle and advantageously situated for a haven King Henry 6. gave this with the Barony of Dungarvan to John Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury but afterwards by reason it stood convenient to command that part of Mounster which was to be reduced the Parliament annext it to the Crown of England for ever â—â—ers Baâ—â—â— of Câ—â—raghâ—ore Near this the Poers an
of S. Patrick l. 2. rerum Anglicarum cap 26. and well supplied with fish from the river as it runs into the sea here famous for trade and for those sweet plains oaky woods and fine parks so entertaining about it Thus also William of Newborow Divelin a maritime City is the metropolis of Ireland it enjoys the benefit of a famous harbor and for trade and concourse of merchants rivals London It s situation is particularly pleasant and wholsome having hills on the south plains on the west and sea just the by it on the east and and the river Liffy on the north where ships ride safely Upon the river there are Kaies as we call them or certain works made to break the violence of the water For Caiare among the ancients signified to restrain Ad Auson lib. â— c. 22. check or hinder as the most learned Scaliger has observed Here the City wall well built of free stone begins fortified on the south with rampiers it has six gates which open into large suburbs on all sides The access on the south is by Dammes-gate near which stands the King's castle upon a rising well fortified with ditches and towers and provided with a good Arsenal built by Henry Loundres the Archbishop about the year 1220. In that suburb on the east side near St. Andrew's Church Henry the second King of England as Hoveden says caused a royal palace 22 Or rather banqueting-house to be built of smooth wattles very curious after the manner of this Country and here with the Kings and Princes of Ireland he kept a Chrstmas-day in great solemnity Over against it stands a fine College on the same spot where Alhallows Allhallows Monastery heretofore stood dedicated to the Indivisible and Holy Trinity endow'd with the privileges of an University by Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory Univâ—rsity b gun and foundâ—d in 1591 May 13. S ud n s â—dmiâ—ted in the year 1593. for the education of youth and lately furnished with a good Library which gives no small hopes that Religion and Learning will after a long exile return to Ireland formerly the seat of the Muses to which foreigners resorted as to the great Mart of liberal arts and sciences 1320. L. MS. of Baron Houth In the reign of Edward the second Alexander Bicknor Archbishop of Dublin having obtained from the Pope the privileges of an University for this place and instituted publick Lectures first began to recall them but this laudable design was broken by the turbulent times that followed The north gate opens towards the bridge which is arched and built of * F. vivo Saxo. free stone by King John who joyned Oustman-town to the City For here the Oustmanni which Giraldus says came from Norway and those Northern Islands setled according to our Histories about the year 1050. In this suburbs stood formerly the famous Church of S. Mary de Oustmanby for so 't is call'd in King John's Charter and also a House of Black Friers whither the King's Courts of Judicature were lately transferr'd On the west part of Dublin there are two gates Ormonds-gate and Newgate which is the common Gaol both leading to the longest suburb of this City named St. Thomas where stands also a noble Abbey of the same name called Thomas Court Thomas Court founded and endowed with large revenues by King Henry the second to expiate for the death of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury On the south we enter by S. Paul's gate and that call'd S. Nicholas opening into S. Patrick's suburb where stands the Palace of the Archbishop known by the name of S. Sepulcher with a stately Church dedicated to S. Patrick very fine within for its stone pavements and arch'd roof and without for its high steeple 'T is uncertain when this Church was first built but that Gregory King of Scots about the year 890 came in pilgrimage to it is plain from the Scotch history Afterwards it was much enlarged by King John and made a Church of Prebends by John Comy Archbishop of Dublin which was confirmed by Coelestine the third Bishop of Rome in the year 1191. After that again Henry Loundres his successor in this See of Dublin augmented the dignities of the Parsonages Pâ—rsonatuum as the words of the founder are and made it conformable to the immunities orders and customs of the Church of Salisbury At present it consists of a Dean a Chanter a Chancellor a Treasurer two Archdeacons and twenty two Prebendaries Stat. Parl. 18 Hen. 8. c. 15. the only light and lamp not to conceal a very noble Character which a Parliament of this Kingdom gave it of all pious and Ecclesiastical discipline and order in Ireland Here is also another Cathedral Church in the very heart of the City dedicated to the Holy Trinity but commonly call'd Christ's Temple Concerning it's foundation we have this passage in the Archives of that Church Sitric King of Dublin son of Ableb Count of Dublin gave a piece of ground to the Holy Trinity and to Donatus the first Bishop of Dublin to build a Church on in honour of the Holy Trinity and not only that but gold and silver also sufficient for that design and to finish the whole * Curâ—â— Church-yard This was done about the year 1012 at which time Lancarvanensis affirms that Sitric son of Abloie so he calls him flourished The work was begun by Donatus but carry'd on and finish'd by Laurence Archbishop of Dublin Richard Strongbow Earl of Pembroke commonly call'd Comes Striguliae whose tomb repair'd by 23 Sir Henry Henry Sidney Lord Deputy is to be seen here Robert Fitz-Stephens and Reimond Fitz-Girald On the south side of the Church stands the Town-hall built of square stone and call'd Tolestale Tolâ—stalâ— where Causes are try'd before the Mayor and where sessions and publick meeting of the Citizens are often held The City enjoys many privileges Formerly it was govern'd in chief by a Provost but in the year 1409 King Henry the fourth gave them the privilege of choosing every year a Mayor with two Bailiffs and of carrying a guilt sword before him Afterward King Edward the sixth changed these Bailiffs into Sheriffs There is nothing wanting to the grandeur and happiness of this City but the removal of those heaps of sand that by the flux and reflux of the sea are wash'd up into the mouth of the river Liffy and hinder great ships from coming up but at high water Thus much for Dublin the account whereof I confess to be mostly owing to the diligence and knowledge of James Usher Chancellor of S. Patricks whose variety of Learning and soundness of Judgment are infinitely beyond his years As for Robert Vere earl of Oxford whom Richard the second who was profuse in bestowing titles of honour made Marquiss of Dublin Maâ—qâ—â—â—â— of Dubâ—â—â— and afterwards Duke of Ireland I have took notice of him before and need not report it here
call'd Hogelyn John de Northon John de Breton and many others Item On the 16th before the kalends of July Dolovan Tobyr and other towns and villages bordering upon them were burnt down by the said malefactors Item Soon after this a great Parliament was held at London wherein a sad difference arose between the Barons upon the account of Pieirs Gaveston who was banish'd out of the Kingdom of England the day after the feast of S. John the baptist's nativity and went over into Ireland about the feast of the Saints Quirita and Julita together with his wife and sister the Countess of Glocester and came to Dublin in great state and there continued Item William Mac Baltor a stout robber and incendiary was condemn'd in the court of our Lord the King at Dublin by the Lord Chief Justice John Wogan on the 12th before the kalends of September and was drawn at a horse's tail to the gallows and there hang'd as he deserv'd Item This year a marble cistern was made to receive the Water from the conduit-head in Dublin such as was never before seen here by the Mayor of the City Master John Decer and all at his own proper expences This same John a little before made a bridge to be built over the river Aven-Liffie near the priory of S. Wolstan He also built the Chappel of S. Mary of the Friers minors wherein he was buried and the Chappel of S. Mary of the Hospital of S. John in Dublin Item This John Decer was bountiful to the convent of Friers Predicants in Dublin For instance he made one stone-pillar in the Church and laid the great stone upon the high altar with all its ornaments Item He entertain'd the friers at his own table on the 6th day of the week out of pure charity as the seniors have reported to their juniors Item The Lord John Wogan took ship in Autumn to be at the parliament of England and the Lord William Bourk was appointed Keeper of Ireland in his room Item This year on the eve of S. Simon and Jude the Lord Roger de Mortimer and his Lady the right heir of Meth the daughter of the Lord Peter son of Sir Gefferey Genevil arriv'd in Ireland As soon as they landed they took possession of Meth Sir Gefferey Genevil giving way to them and entring himself into the order of the Friers predicants at Trym the morrow after S. Edward the Archbishop's day Item Dermot Odympsy was slain at Tully by the servants of Sir Piers Gaveston Item Richard Bourk Earl of Ulster at Whitsontide made a great feast at Trym and conferr'd Knighthood upon Walter Lacie and Hugh Lacie In the vigil of the Assumption the Earl of Ulster came against Piers Gaveston Earl of Cornwal at Drogheda and at the same time turn'd back towards Scotland Item This year Maud the Earl of Ulster's daughter imbark'd for England in order for a marriage with the Earl of Glocester which within a month was consummated between them Item Maurice Caunton kill'd Richard Talon and the Roches afterwards kill'd him Item Sir David Caunton was hang'd at Dublin Item Odo the son of Cathol O Conghir kill'd Odo O Conghiâ— King of Connaght Item Athi was burnt by the Irish MCCCIX Peter Gaveston subdued the O Brynnes in Ireland and rebuilt the new castle of Mackingham and the castle of Kemny he also cut down and scour'd the pass between Kemny castle and Glyndelagh in spite of all the opposition the Irish could make and sâ— march'd away and offer'd in the Church of S. Kimny The same year the Lord Peter Gaveston went over into Englanâ— on the eve of S. John Baptist's Nativity Item The Earl of Ulster's son's wife daughter of the Earl oâ— Glocester came into Ireland on the 15th of October Item On Christmas-eve the Earl of Ulster returned out of England and landed at Drogheda Item On the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary Sir John Bonevil was slain near the town of Arstol by Sir Arnold Pover and his accomplices and buried at Athy in the Church of the Frierâ— predicants Item A Parliament was held at Kilkenny in the octaves of thâ— Purification of the Blessed Mary by the Earl of Ulster John Wogan Justiciary of Ireland and others of the nobility wherein a difference among certain of the great men was adjusted and many proviso's made in the nature of statutes that might havâ— been of good consequence to the Kingdom if they had been observ'd Item Shortly after Sir Edward Botiller return'd out of England where he had been knighted at London Item The Earl of Ulster Roger Mortimer and Sir John Fitz-Thomas went over into England Item This year died Sir Theobald Verdon MCCCX. King Edward and Sir Peter Gaveston took theiâ— march for Scotland against Robert Brus. Item There was this year a great scarcity of corn in Ireland * Eranca an eranc of corn sold at the rate of twenty shilling and upwards Item The Bakers of Dublin were punish'd after a new way foâ— false weights For on S. Sampson the Bishop's day they werâ— drawn upon hurdles at the horses tails along the streets of thâ— City Item In the Abby of S. Thomas the Martyr at Dublin Sir Neiâ— Bruin Knight Escheator to our Lord the King in Ireland departed this life his corps was buried at the Friers-minors in Dublin witâ— such a pomp of tapers and wax-lights as never was before seen iâ— this Kingdom This year a Parliament was held at Kildare wherin Sir Arnold Pover was acquitted of the death of the Lord Bonevil for it waâ— found Se defendendo Item On S. Patrick's day Mr. Alexander Bickenor was witâ— the unanimous consent of the Chapter made Archbishop of Dublin Item The Lord Roger Mortimer in the octaves of the nativity of the Blessed Virgin return'd into Ireland Item This year died Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln MCCCXI In Thomond at Bonnorathie the Lord Richarâ— Clare gave the Earl of Ulster's party a very strange defeat Thâ— Lord William Bourk and John the Lord Walter Lacy's Son werâ— taken prisoners with many others This battle was fought on thâ— 13th before the kalends of June and great numbers both of thâ— English and the Irish slain in it Item Tassagard and Rathcante were invaded by the rapperies namely the O Brinnes and O Tothiles the day after S. John Baptist's nativity Whereupon in the Autumn soon after a greaâ— army was rais'd in Leinster to defeat them both in Glindelory anâ— in other woody places Item In August a Parliament was holden at London between thâ— King and the Barons to consider the state of the Kingdom and thâ— King's houshold and a committee of six Bishops six Earls and six Barons was appointed to consult the good of the Realm Item On the 2d day before the Ides of November the Lord Richard Clare cut off 600 Galegolaghes Item On All saints day last past Peter Gaveston was banished out of England by the Earls and Barons and many good statutes were
Mortality Foundation of the Hospitallers and Order of St. John of Jerusalem Fol. MONMOVTHSHIRE LAmentable News from Monmouthshire of the loss of 26 Parishes in a great Flood which hapn'd January 1607. Publish'd the same year The manner of the Wire-Works at Tinton in Monmouthshire Ray English words pag. 194. NORFOLK SEE Sir William Dugdale's History of Imbanking Of the lamentable Burning of East Derham in the County of Norfolk July 1. 1581. in verse black Letter publish'd 1582. History of the Norfolk-Rebels by Alexander Nevil a Kentish-man with the History of Norwich and a Catalogue of the Mayors Publish'd 1575. Norfolk's Furies or a View of Kitt's Camp with a table of the Mayors and Sheriffs of Norwich c. done out of Latin into English by R. W. 1615. The Antiquities of Norwich writ by Dr. Jo. Caius are mention'd by Dr. Fuller but still remain in Manuscript Norwich Monuments and Antiquities by Sir Thomas Brown M. D. a Manuscript in the hands of the learned Dr. More the present Bishop of Norwich Nashe's Lent-Stuff containing an account of the growth of Great Yarmouth with a Play in praise of Red-herring Publish'd 1599. A description of the town of Great Yarmouth with a Survey of Little Yarmouth incorporated with the Great c. in a sheet A Survey of Norfolk was taken by Sir Henry Spelman Knight in Latin and is still in Manuscript in the Bodleian-Library at Oxon. A relation of the damages done by a tempest and overflowing of the Tyde upon the coasts of Norfolk and Lincolnshire The West prospect of Linn-Regis a sheet Urn-burial or a discourse of the Sepulchral Urns lately found in Norfolk by Sir Thomas Brown 1669. Mercurius Centralis or a Discourse of Subterraneal Cockle Muscle and Oyster-shells found in digging of a Well at Sir William Doylie's in Norfolk by Tho. Lawrence A. M. in a Letter to Sir Tho. Browne 1664. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE HIstory of the Cathedral Church of Peterburrow by Simon Gunter Prebendary Publish'd with a large Appendix by Simon Patrick D. D. then Dean of this Church and now Bishop of Ely Fol. 1685. The Fall and Funeral of Northampton in an Elegy first publish'd in Latin since made English with some variations and addititions and publish'd An. 1677. The state of Northampton from the beginning of the Fire Sept. 20. 1675. to Nov. 5. in a Letter to a Friend 1675. Names of the Hides in Northamptonshire by Francis Tate MS. Wood's Athenae Vol. 1. p. 349. A Survey of this County is said to have been intended by Mr. Augustin Vincent Wood's Athenae vol. 1. p. 349. NORTHVMBERLAND A Chorographical Survey of Newcastle upon Tine by ..... Grey An. 1649. England's Grievances in relation to the Cole-trade with a Map of the river of Tine and the situation of the town and corporation of New-castle 1655. A Survey of the river Tine grav'd by Fathorne The Antiquities of the ancient Kingdom of Northumberland are now ready for the Press compil'd by Mr. Nicolson Archdeacon of Carlisle who designs shortly to publish the Book under this Title Norðanhymbraric or a description of the ancient Kingdom of Northumberland The work will consist of eight parts whereof he stiles the I. Northanhymbria or an account of the Bounds and natural History of the Country II. Northanhymbri the Original Language Manners and Government of the People III. Annales the Succession and History of the several Dukes Kings and Earls from the first institution of the Government down to the Conquest IV. Ecclesiastica Religious Rites observ'd by the Pagan Inhabitants before the establishment of Christianity together with the state of the Church and the succession of Bishops in it afterwards V. Literae Literati the state of Learning with a Catalogue of the Writers VI. Villare the Cities Towns Villages and other places of note in an Alphabetical Catalogue VII Monumenta Danica Danish Remains in the Language Temples Courts of Judicature Runic Inscriptions c. To the whole will be prefix'd a Prefatory Discourse of the condition these parts of the Isle were in upon and some time before the coming in of the Saxons wherein notice will be taken of many pieces of Brittish and Roman Antiquities never yet observ'd Large Collections have been made by Sir Robert Shafto relating to the Antiquities of the County of Northumberland Mr. Clavering of Callaly a very knowing Antiquary has also done great service to his native Country in this kind NOTTINGHAMSHIRE THE Antiquities of the County of Nottingham by Dr. Robert Thoroton OXFORDSHIRE MAnuscript History of Alchester in the hands of Mr. Blackwell History and Antiquities of the University of Oxford by Anthony à Wood fol. Twine's Vindication of the Antiquity of the University of Oxford Natural History of Oxfordshire by Dr. Robert Plot folio Survey of Woodstock by Mr. Widows Athen. Oxon. vol. 2. p. 119. Parochial Antiquities or the History of Ambrosden Burcester and other adjacent Towns and Villages in the North-east parts of the County of Oxford delivering the general Remains of the British Roman and Saxon Ages and a more particular account of English Memoirs reduc'd into Annals from 1 Will. Conq. to 1 Edw. 4. with several Sculptures of ancient and modern Curiosities 4o. By the Reverend Mr. White Kennet B. D. An account of an Earthquake in Oxfordshire Philosoph Transact Num. 10. p. 166. Num. 11. p. 180. A Relation of an Accident by Thunder and Lightning in Oxford Philosoph Transact Num. 13. pag. 215. RVTLANDSHIRE ANtiquities of Rutlandshire by Mr. Wright Folio SOMERSETSHIRE THE ancient Laws Customs and Orders of the Miners in the King's Forest of Mendipp in the County of Somerset London 1687. 12o. Proposals for a Natural History of Somersetshire have been publish'd by Mr. John Beaumont A Letter from Mr. Beaumont giving an account of Ookey-hole and other subterraneous Grotto's in Mendip-hills Philosoph Transact 1681. Num. 2. Ookey-hole describ'd An. 1632. Thermae Redivivae by Mr. John Chapman 1673. with an Appendix of Coriat's Rhimes of the Antiquities of the Bath Johnson in his Mercurius Britannicus hath given an account of the Antiquities of the Bath with a ground-plot of the City A Discourse of the several Bathes and hot waters at the Bath with the Lives and Characters of the Physicians that have liv'd and practis'd there Together with an Enquiry into the Nature of S. Vincent's Rock near Bristol and that of Castle Cary by Dr. Thomas Guidot Enlarg'd by the same hand with the addition of several Antiquities 1691. The Antiquities of the City of Bath collected in Latin by the same Author MS. STAFFORDSHIRE NAtural History of Staffordshire by Dr. Robert Plot. Fol. Genealogies of the Nobility and Gentry in this County MS. written by Mr. Erdswick and now in the collection of Walter Chetwind Esq who very much improv'd it SVFFOLK AN account of some Saxon Coins found in Suffolk Philosoph Transact Num. 189. 1687. WARWICKSHIRE THE Antiquities of Warwickshire by Sir William Dugdale WESTMORLAND THE Antiquities of Westmorland collected by Mr. Thomas Machel of
more cheerfully than most other nations submitted to the laws and customs of the Romans as appears by Tacitus in the life of Agricola And though it may be that the doctrine of the Druids despising the heathen Gods acknowleding only one God and rewards and punishments after death might contribute to their embracing the Gospel yet I think that the very great courage high generosity and excellent parts of the people did more being once convinced that the Roman laws and government was better than their own Of the fifth the letters are too imperfect if the reverse be not a pavilion or seat of state I know not what it is The sixth seems to be a visor the letters now not visible or it might be ill-made in imitation of Commodus usually set forth with his head wrap'd in a Lion's skin feigning himself to be Hercules The seventh is a British rough uncomb'd head the letters are vanished Those above the Horse on the reverse seem to be set the averse way from the right to the left hand The eighth as likewise the twenty fourth and thirty sixth seem to be a Ship or Galley with oars Vid. Mons Bouteroue in Clothaire An. Ch. 511. the figure is better there expressed than in ours It was coined by a Christian Prince or City because all of them are adorned with crosses either upon the stern or yards S. Aug. Ser. 22. de diversis saith It is necessary for us to be in the ship and to be carried in the wood that can pass through the sea of this world This wood is the Cross of our Lord. S. Paulinus seems to refer it to the yards Et rate ornata titulo salutis S. Chrys rather to the stern Quod Christus sit Deus Crux navigantium gubernaculum The same doth Ephr. Syrus Upon divers Coins of the Roman Emperors is a stern joyned to a globe as if they steer'd the whole world On the reverse is Duro which I question not was Durobernia or Canterbury now the chief seat of the great Archbishop and Primate of the Nation The ninth is an Horse under the Sun and Moon whether it signified according to their opinion that beast to be chiefly subject to those Planets or that next the Sun and Moon the chiefest benefit they reaped was from the Horse or any other imagination I am ignorant The tenth is an Head and I think foreign and not British most of those being without ornament but this hath a Crown or Garland And what if Dubno should be mistaken for Dumnorix or some other Prince unknown to us The eleventh hath an Head with a Diadem of two rows of Pearls perhaps for some of the Oriental Emperors and not unlikely of Constantine the Great both for the goodness of the face and his being one of the first who carried that sort of Diadem He may well be placed here as being born of a British Lady The reverse is a Dove hovering over a Cross an emblem not unusual in the first times of Christianity intimating that the Cross is made beneficial unto us by the Holy Spirit Masseius and Osorius testifie that the Christians at their first coming to Meliapor the city of St. Thomas found such a one there engraved in stone in his own time as was verily believed The like is reported by Bosius in the vault of St. John Lateran and by Chiffletius upon an Altarstone in Besançon The twelfth of Cunobeline the letters upon the reverse begin the name of some place but what I know not The thirteenth by the letters BR seems to be the head of Britannia as there were many the like of Rome and other places the reverse is also according to many Roman Coins a man on horseback as in that exercise they called Decursio The fourteenth seems a Woman's Head with a Crown the letters worn out On the reverse compared with the sixteenth twenty fourth and thirty fifth seems to be inscribed some sacred vessel or utensil The fifteenth seventeenth and eighteenth having no inscriptions are to us unintelligible The sixteenth seems an ill-shapen Galley with the keel upwards The nineteenth seems to be the head of some Town or Country some say that Julius Caesar but 't is more certain that Claudius brought one or more Elephants into Britain against their enemies The twentieth hath an Head covered with an antick sort of Helmet The reverse seems an ill-fashioned Gryphon It is somewhat strange that those fond kind of imaginations should have lasted so long and in these remote parts of the world Concerning the twenty first vid. Tab. 1. c. 29. what it or the twenty second signifies I cannot imagine The twenty third seems the figure of an ordinary British foot-soldier armed with a head-piece and armour down to his thighs and a club upon his shoulder The twenty fourth hath a Galley with a Cross upon the stern yet not at the handle of the stern being upon the wrong side of it Vid. Coin 8. The letters I understand not as neither the reverse The twenty fifth also is utterly unknown The twenty sixth seems to be the head of some of the Gothic kings of Spain the like being found in Ant. Augustinus and Monsieur le Blanc On the reverse is a kind of Dragon seen also upon the Greek and Gallick Coins as well as British Such a one as this is by Monsieur le Blanc described for Childeberts pag. 58. The twenty seventh twenty eighth and twenty ninth having Runic inscriptions might probably be made for some of the kings of Cumberland in which County are still extant some Runic Monuments The thirtieth hath an Head which I would gladly believe to be of Arviragus because on the reverse is an Essedarius or Covinarius a fighter upon a chariot with his dart or like weapon in one hand and his quiver of arrows at his back A kind of fight which was strange to Julius Caesar and forced him to turn his back Territa quaesitis ostendit terga Britannis Great Caesar flies the Britains he had sought So terrible was it to the Romans that his flatterers upon some imagin'd prodigy took it to be an omen of the overthrow of Arviragus a very couragious and warlike Prince De temone Britanno Excidet Arviragus The thirty first is in the learned Monsieur Bouteroue's judgment from whom it is copied supposed to be king Lucius the first Christian king of Britain The truth of whose story is largely discoursed by Archbishop Usher in his Primord Eccles Britan. where he seems to say that it is confirmed by all Historians that king Lucius king in Britain was the first Christian king in the world Which also seems strongly confirmed by what he saith That the Scots beyond the wall under Victor I. immediate successor to Euaristus under whom Lucius was converted received also the Christian Faith pag. 41 42. But that there is some difference about the time when king Lucius lived but greater about what part of Britain he reigned in As likewise
Scots and * Pehiti in the margin Picti Picts and the Saxons were supply'd by the Britains with all necessaries to carry on the war against them Upon which they staid in the country for some time and liv'd in very good friendship with the Britains till the Commanders observing that the land was large and fruitful that the natives were no way inclin'd to war and considering that themselves and the greatest part of the Saxons had no fix'd home send over for more forces and striking up a peace with the Scots and Picts make one body against the Britains force them out of the nation and divide the country among their own people Thus much Witichindus The origine and etymologie of the Saxons like as of other nations has been confounded with fabulous conjectures not only by Monks who understood nothing of Antiquity but even by some modern men who pretend to an accuracy of judgment One will have them deriv'd from Saxo son of Negnon and brother of Vandalus another from their stony temper a third from the remains of the Macedonian army a fourth from certain knives which gave occasion to that rhime in Engelhusius Quippe brevis gladius apud illos Saxa vocatur Unde sibi Saxo nomen traxisse putatur The Saxon people did as most believe Their name from Saxa a short sword receive Crantzius fetches them from the German Catti and the learned Capnio from the Phrygians l Another opinion is that they came from Sassen natives or inhabitants which in the modern Saxon in Saten though there wants a reason how that câ—me to be peculiar to them when the neighbours had an equal share to it Of these every man is at liberty to take his choice nor shall I make it my business to confute such fabulous opinions m Stillingfleet Orig. Britan. p. 306. rejects this opinion because there can no probable account be given how the Sacae left their own country to people Saxonie He seems most to favour that of the Sachs oâ— short swords as the Quirites had their name from Quirts a sort of spear and the Scythians from Scytten to shoot with a Bow Only I think the conjecture of those learned Germans who imagine that the Saxons are descended from the Saci Saxons from the Saca◠〈◊〉 Asia the most powerful people of Asia n See Seld. Polyolb p. 72. that they are so called as if one should say Sacasones that is the Sons of the Sacae and that out of Scythia or Sarmatia Asiatica they pour'd by little and little into Europe along with the Getes the Swevi and the Daci L. 11.14 lanctâ—â—â— deserves credit the best of any other And indeed the opinions of those men who fetch the Saxons out of Asia where mankind had its rise and growth does not want some colour of reason For besides that Strabo affirms that the Sacae as before the Cimerii had done did invade remote Countries and called a part of Armenia Sacacena after their own name Ptolemy likewise places the Sassones Suevi Massagetes and Dahi in that part of Scythia and Cisner Cisnâ—â— has observed that those nations after they came into Europe retained the same vicinity they had formerly in Asia Nor is it less probable that our Saxons came from either the Sacae or Sassones of Asia Mitâ—â—â— Neaâ—â—â— than it is that the Germans are descended from the Germani of Persia mentioned by Herodotus which they almost positively conclude from the affinity of those Languages For that admirable Scholar Joseph Scaliger has told us that Fader muder brader tutchter band and such like are still used in the Persian Language in the same sense as we say father mother brother daughter bond But when the Saxons first began to have any name in the world they lived in Cimbrica Chersonesus which we now call Denmark where they are placed by Ptolemy who is the first that makes any mention of them And in that place of Lucan Longisque leves Axônes in armis Light Axons in long arms We are not to read Saxones as some Copies have it but the truer reading is Axônes Axôâ—â—â— Peopâ—â—â— Gaul While they lived in this Cimbrica Chersonesus in the time of Dioclesian they came along with their neighbours the Franks and mightily infested our coasts so that the Romans appointed Carausius to repell them o Whether the early piracies of the Saxons upon that coast mention'd by a great many Authors is to be so interpreted as if they then dwelt between the Elb and the Rhine or only drew down thither to carry on their trade of robbing whilst still their habitation was in the Cimbrick Chersonese is a question amongst the learned Camden here and Bishop Stillingfleet Orig. Britan. p. 309. favour the former opinion But Archbishop Usher Primord c. 12. p. 215. fol. thinks they came down much later Afterwards passing the river Albis part of them broke in by degrees upon the Suevian Territories which at this day is the Dukedom of Saxony and part took possession of Frisia and Batavia which the Franks had quitted For the Franks who had formerly inhabited the inmost of those Fens in Friseland some whereof are now washed into that Sea which at this day we call the Zuider-see and afterwards had possessed themselves of Holland being received into protection by Constantius Chlorus Constantine the Great and his sons and sent to cultivate the more desart parts of Gaul these I say either forcing a passage with the sword into more plentiful countries or else as Zosimus â—â—simus tells us driven out by the Saxons left Holland From which time all the inhabitants of that Sea-coast in Germany who lived by piracy have gone under the name of Saxons as before they were called Franks Those I mean who lived in Jutland Sleswick Holsatia Ditmarse the Bishoprick of Breme the County of Oldenburg East and West Friseland and Holland For the Saxon nation as is observed by Fabius Quaestor Ethelwerd â—thelwerd â—ephew's â—ephew to â—ing Aâ—â—â— stonâ—shed aâ—out the â—â—aâ— 950. who was of the Royal line of the Saxons included all the Sea-coast between the river Rhine and the city Donia which now is commonly called Dane-marc This Author not to conceal a person who has been so serviceable to me was first discovered by the eminent Mr. Thomas Allen of Oxford a person of great learning and amongst many others communicated to me From this coast it was that the Saxons encouraged by the many slaughters of the Romans frequently broke into the Roman provinces and for a long time annoy'd this Island till at last Hengist himself came That this Hengist set sail for England out of Batavia or Holland and afterwards built the Castle of Leyden is confirmed not only by the Annals of Holland but also by the noble Janus Dousa a man of admirable parts and learning who of that burg or tower writes thus â—he seâ—nd Ode Lâ—ydâ—n Quem circinato moenium ut ambitu
cause probably was to improve his own mannour of Topesham to which one of the Hughs of this family perhaps the same procur'd a weekly market and a yearly fair which Edward Courtney Earl of Devonshire in an out-fall with the citizens threw into the chanel of the river Isc which hinders ships from coming to the town so that all merchandize is brought thither by land from Topesham a little village three miles from the city Nor are these heaps remov'd tho' it is commanded by Act of Parliament o From these a small village hard by is call'd Weare Weare but formerly Heneaton which belong'd heretofore to Austin de Baa from whom by right of inheritance it came to John Holand Ch. 24 Eâ— who in a seal that I have seen bore a lion rampant gardant among flower de luces The government of this City is administer'd by 24. of whom u Thâ—s City was incorporated by K. John and made a County by K. Henry 8. one yearly is chosen Mayor who with four Bayliffs manages all publick affairs As for the position the old Oxford-Tables have defin'd it's longitude to be 19 degrees 11 minutes It 's latitude 50 degrees 40 minutes This City that I may not omit it has had it's Dukes For Richard 2. King of England of that name made John Holand Earl of Huntingdon and his brother by the mother's side first Duke of Exeter Dukes of Exeter Henry 4. depriv'd him of this honour and left him only the title of Earl of Huntingdon which being beheaded soon after 6 For conspiracy against the King he lost together with his life Some few years after Henry 5. supply'd this Dukedom with Thomas Beaufort Earl of Dorset descended from the house of Lancaster an accomplish'd Souldier He dying without issue John Holand the son of that John already mention'd as heir to Richard his brother that dy'd without issue and to his father was restor'd to all again having his Father's honours bestow'd upon him by the bounty of Henry 6. and left the same to his son Henry who whilst the Lancastrians stood flourish'd in great honour but after when the house of York came to the Crown his example might well shew us how unsafe it is to rely upon the smiles of fortune For this was that Henry Duke of Exeter who notwithstanding his marriage with the sister of Edward 4. was reduc'd to such misery Phil. Coâ—â—naeus câ—â— 50. that he was seen to beg his bread ragg'd and bare-footed in the Low-countries And at last after Barnet-fight where he behav'd himself stoutly against Edward 4. he never was seen more till his body was cast upon the shore of Kent as if he had been shipwrack'd Long after this Exeter had it's Marquess namely Henry Courtny descended from Catherine the Daughter of Edward 4. rais'd to that honour by Henry 8 7 And design'd heir-apparent But to this Marquess as well as to the first Duke a great fortune did but raise great storms which as presently sunk him endeavouring a change of Government For among other things because with mony and counsel he had assisted Reginald Poole that was afterwards Cardinal and had left England to intriegue with the Emperor and the Pope against his King and Country who had then withdrawn from the Romish Communion he was arraign'd found guilty and beheaded with some others But now by the bounty of K. James Thomas Cecil Lord Burghley enjoys the title of Earl of Exeter Earlâ— of Exeter a man truly good and the worthy son of a most excellent father being the eldest son of William Cecil Baron Burghley Lord Treasurer of England whose wisdom has long supported the peace of this Kingdom nn From hence to the very mouth there is nothing of antiquity besides Exminster Exminâ—â—â—â— formerly Exanminster bequeath'd by King Alfred to his younger son and Pouderham Pouderham a castle built by Isabel de Ripariis now for a long time the seat of a very noble family the Courtnies Knights who being descended from the Earls of Devonshire and related to the best families are to this day flourishing and most worthy of such noble ancestors 8 Under Pouderham Ken a pretty brook enters into Ex which riseth near Holcombe where in a park is a fair place built by Sir Thomas Denis whose family fetcheth their first off-spring and surname from the Danes and were anciently written Le Dan Denis by which name the Cornish call'd the Danes Upon the very mouth on the other side as the name it self witnesses stands Exanmouth Exanâ—â—â— known for nothing but it's bare name and the fisher-hutts there More eastward Otterey Otterey that is a river of otters or water-dogs which we call Otters as the name it self implies runs into the sea it passes by Honniton Honniâ—â—â— well known to such as travel these parts 9 And was given by Isabel heir to the Earls of Devonshire to K. Edward the first when her issue fail'd p and gives it's name to some places Of which the most remarkable above Honniton is Mohuns-ottery which belong'd formerly to the Mohuns from whom it came by marriage to the Carews below Honniton near Holdcombe where lives the family of Le Denis Knights who take their original and name from the Danes S. Mary's Ottery so call'd from the w Iâ— was suppress'd by a Parliament held at Leicester in the reign of Henry 5. College of S. Maries which John de Grandison Bishop of Exeter founded who had got the wealth of all the Clergy in his Diocese into his own hands For he had persuaded them to leave him all they had when they dy'd as intending to lay it all out in charitable uses in endowing Churches and building Hospitals and Colleges which they say he perform'd very piously From the mouth of this Ottery the shore goes on with many windings to the eastward by Budly q Sidmouth r and Seaton s formerly fine havens but now so choak'd with sand heap'd before the mouth of them by the flux and reflux of the sea that this benefit is almost quite lost Now that this Seaton is that Moridunum â—â—idunum in Antoninus which is seated between Durnovaria and Isca if the book be not faulty and is lamely call'd Ridunum in the Peutegerian Table I should conjecture both from it's distance and the signification of the name For Moridunum is the same in British that Seaton is in English namely a town upon a hill by the sea Near this stands Wiscombe â—â—omb memorable upon the account of William Baron Bonevill who liv'd there whose heir Cecil brought by marriage the titles of Lord Bonevill and Harrington with a brave estate in those parts â—his in County â—merset â—â—ster to Thomas Grey Marquess of Dorset Under these the river Ax empties it self from a very small chanel 10 After it hath pass'd down by Ford where Adelize daughter to Baldewin of Okehampton founded an Abbey for
youth who was heir apparent to the Crown with his little page into a †Actuoriola small skiff without any tackle and then launched them out to sea that it might might be charg'd with his guilt Edwin being helpless and distracted with grief threw himself headlong into the sea l Beneath this Middleton another little river rises which runs by a small market-town call'd Bere Bere where for a long time together the ancient and famous family De turbidâ villâ commonly call'd Turbervill Turbevil had their seat 14 Whereof as some were famous so Hugh Turberville in the time of K. Edw. 1. was infamous with his traiterous practices with the French But to return to the western parts of the shire At the rise of Frome where the soil is most fruitful Blackmore-forest once well wooded now more naked affords very good hunting This is commonly call'd t It is long since disafforested The forest of white-hart Forest of Whitehart The occasion of it's name the inhabitants have by tradition that K. Henry 3. having been a hunting here amongst several Deer he had run down spar'd the life of a milk-white hart which afterwards T. de la Linde a gentleman of this County with others in his company took and kill'd but they were soon made sensible how dangerous it is to provoke a Lyon For the King being highly incens'd at it find them severely and their very Lands which they held to this day have pay d into the King's Exchequer annually a pecuniary acknowledgment by way of fine call'd White-hart-silver Shirburn Whitehart-silver Shirburn which is likewise call'd Shirburn-castle borders upon this forest formerly Scireburn Fo rs limpidus that is by interpretation a spring of clear water and as it is sometimes written Fons clarus plac'd on the decline of a hill and very pleasant as Malmsbury says by reason of the multitude of it's inhabitants and it 's delightful situation 't is at present u In some old evidences it is term'd Fons clarus Lel. Itineâ—â—â—r M. S. Vol. 2. the most frequented town in this County it 's woollen manufacture turning to the best account In the year of our Lord 704. an Episcopal See was erected here and Aldelm was first consecrated Bishop Afterwards in the reign of King Etheldred Herman Bishop of Sunning being advanc'd to this Bishoprick transferr'd his Episcopal See hither and annext the Bishoprick of Sunning to it which in William the Conqueror's reign he transferr'd to Salisbury reserving Shirburn to his successors for a retiring place to whom it now belongs m and one of them named Roger built a fortify'd castle in the Eastern part of it beneath which was a large marsh and many fish-ponds which being fill'd up are converted into fruitful meadows x Leland says in his time it was about two miles in compass and subsisted partly indeed by making of cloath but mostly by all manner of trades jointly Itinerar Vol. 2. But the Cathedral Church immediately upon the translation of the See was converted into a monastery and seems very ancient tho' not many years ago in y The quarrel was occasion'd by the Monks taking the liberty to baptize in the Chappel of Allâ—aâ—lows the fontstone whereof one of the towns-men defac'd Lel. Itinerar an uproar between the townsmen and the monks it was set on fire plain signs of which appear in the blackness of the stones Below this the river Ivell of which we shall speak elsewhere with many turnings and windings glides on westward to Clifton Cliftoâ— formerly the seat of the family of 15 Malbanc Maulbauch from which it hereditarily descended to the family of the Horseies Knights z From them it came by purchase to the Heles and now to the Hâ—â—veys where it enters into Somersetshire More to the East the famous river Stoure yielding plenty of Tench and Eel particularly flows on to Stourton the seat of the Barons of Stourton Stourtoâ— taking it's source from six springs in Wiltshire Where it first enters into this County it runs thro' Gillingham-forest Gillingâ— where Edmund surnam'd Ironside put the Danes to flight in a very remarkable battle and then visits Shaftsbury three miles off Shaftâ—â—â— seated on the top of a hill 16 Very defective of water the Britains call'd it Caer Paladur as the common people falsly imagine and Septonia the Saxons Sceaftes-byryg perhaps from the Church-spire which they call'd Scheaft A little before the Normans came in it had 104 houses in it and three mint-masters as I have read in the Book so often cited by me It was afterwards more famous for the Nunnery founded by that pious woman Elfgiva wife to Edmund King Alfred's nephew's son and had about ten Parish-Churches But 't is most remarkable for the report that our Historians make of one Aquila The Pâ—â—phecy 〈◊〉 Aquila who prophesy'd concerning the change of the British government Some think it was the bird call'd Aquila that is an Eagle others that 't was a man of that name who foretold that the government of Britain after having been in Saxon and Norman hands should return at length to the ancient Britains who likewise would have it older than time it self altho' 't was infallibly built by Alfred For Malmsbury the historian has told us that there was an ancient stone in his time remov'd out of the ruines of the walls into the Chapter-house which had this Inscription ANNO DOMINICAE INCARNATIONIS ALFREDUS REX FECIT HANC URBEM DCCCLXXX REGNI SUI VIII King Alfred built this city in the year of our Lord DCCCLXXX and the eighth of his reign I was the more willing to insert this Inscription for clearing the truth of the matter because in all the Copies I have seen 't is wanting excepting one which belongs to the Lord Burghley High Treasurer of England 17 And I have been inform'd that it continu'd there till the time of K. Henry 8. yet the Inhabitants have a Tradition that an old City stood upon the place which is call'd the Castle-Green and by some Bolt-bury now a fair plain so sited that as of one side it joineth to the town so of another it is a strange sight to look down to the vale under it whereby in the west-end of the Chappel of S. Jâ—hn as I hear now standeth a Roman Inscription revers'd From thence the Stoure streaming along by Now the possession of George Husey Marnhill from whence Henry Howard 18 Brother of Thomas last Duke of Norfolk receiv'd of K. James the title c. had his title of Baron Howard of Marnhill Baron Hâ—â—ard of Marnhiâ— Stourmâ—ster before he was created Earl of Northampton makes to Stourminster that is a monastery or minster upon the Stoure a very mean town and lowly seated to which Newton-castle is joyn'd by a stone bridge where there is a b 'T is cut off by a deep and wide ditch
affectu divae pietatis inhaerens Ecclesiaeque juges amplificavit opes Melchisedech noster merito Rex atque Sacerdos Complevit verae religionis opus Publica jura regens celsa palatia servans Unica Pontificum gloria norma fuit Hinc abiens illinc meritorum fulget honore Hic quoque gestorum laude perennis erit The two fair tops that lofty Sion grace Cedars of Libanus that all surpass The world 's great lights and the two gates of heav'n Thunder from one from one is light'ning giv'n Among the blest Apostles they excel Peter in honour and in learning Paul One ope's mens hearts and one the starry sphere One guides to heav'n and one receives us there One's doctrine shew's our journey and one's keys One is the way and one the gate of bliss The builder one one the foundation laid By both a temple for kind heav'n is made England be glad and pay just thanks to Rome Eternal health to Glastenbury's come Against our foes two fortresses are shown That all the world the Faith 's great tow'rs shall own Blest Ina faithful servant of his God These lasting gifts upon his realm bestow'd Virtue and goodness all his thoughts possest The Church's old revenues he encreast Our great Melchisedech our prince and priest His equal care of piety and state To Crowns and Mitres an example set In heav'n his works their blest reward receive And here his worthy praise shall ever live In those early times several very devout persons serv'd God here and especially Irish who were maintain'd at the King's charge and instructed the youth in Religion and the liberal sciences For they made choice of a solitary life that they might prosecute their divine studies with more retiredness and inure themselves to a severe course of life to qualifie them for taking up the Cross But at length Dunstan a man of excellent wit and judgment after his reputation of sanctity and learning had given him access to the conversation of Princes instead of these brought in Monks of a newer Order namely Benedictines and was himself first made Abbot over that large body settl'd there and these by the bounty of good and pious Princes got so much wealth as even exceeded that of Kings After they had for about 600 years together as it were reign'd in great abundance for all their neighbours were at their beck they were driven out by Henry 8. and the Monastery which by degrees had grown into a little city 24 Environ'd with a large-wall a mile about and replenish'd with stately buildings demolish'd and laid level with the ground how large and how stately it has been may be gather'd from the ruines I shall be reckon'd among those in our age who are taken with every fable should I speak any thing of the Wallnut-tree 25 In the holy Church-yard here which never buds before the feast of S. Barnabas and on that very feast day shoots out leaves 26 But that is now gone and a young tree in the place or the †Corrâ— Hawthorn-tree 27 In Wirral-park hard by which buds on Christmas-day as if it were in May f and yet if any one may be trusted these things are affirm'd by several credible persons Before I leave this head take in short what Giraldus Cambrensis an eye-witness has deliver'd at large concerning Arthur's Grave in this Church-yard When Henry 2. King of England had learn'd from the songs of the British Bards The we like Artâ— that Arthur the most noble heroe of the Britains whose courage had so often shatter'd the Saxons was bury'd at Glassenbury between two Pyramids he order'd search to be made for the body and they had scarce digged seven foot deep but they light upon a * Cippus cross'd stone or a stone in the back-part whereof was fasten'd a rude leaden Cross something broad This being pull'd out appear'd to have an Inscription upon it and under it almost nine foot deep they found a Coffin made of hollow'd oak wherein were reposited the bones of the famous Arthur As to the Inscription which being taken from the original was formerly writ in the monastery of Glassenbury I thought it proper to give a draught of it because of the Antiquity of it's letters The letters have a sort of barbarous and Gothick appearance and are a plain evidence of the barbarity of the age which was so involv'd in a fatal sort of mist that no one was found to celebrate the name of K. Arthur A subject without all dispute worthy the parts and invention of the most learned who by praising so great a Prince might have procur'd to themselves the reputation of wit For that strong bulwark of the British government may justly reckon this amongst his greatest misfortunes that the age did not afford a Praecoâ—â—m Panegyrist equal to his Virtues But now take a view of the Cross and Inscription Nor will it be improper to subjoyn what our Countryman Josephus Iscanus no mean or ordinary poet has said of Arthur in his Antiocheis 28 Wherein he describ'd the wars of the Christians for recovery of the Holy land and was there present with King Richard 1. speaking of Britain Hinc celebri fato foelici claruit ortu Flos Regum Arthurus cujus cùm facta stupori Non micuere minùs totus quòd in aure voluptas Et populo plaudente favus Quemcunque priorum Inspice Pelaeum commendat fama tyrannum Pagina Caesareos loquitur Romana triumphos Alcidem domitis attollit gloria monstris Sed nec pinetum coryli nec sydera solem Aequant Annales Latios Graiósque revolve Prisca parem nescit aequalem postera nullum Exhibitura dies Reges supereminet omnes Solus praeteritis melior majórque futuris From this blest place immortal Arthur sprung Whose wondrous deeds shall be for ever sung Sweet musick to the ear sweet honey to the tongue Look back turn o're the great records of fame Proud Alexander boasts a mighty name The Roman Annals Caesar's actions load And conquer'd monsters rais'd Alcides to a god But neither shrubs above tall pines appear Nor Phoebus ever fears a rival star So would our Arthur in contest o'recome The mightiest heroes bred in Greece or Rome The only Prince that hears this just applause Greatest that e're shall be and best that ever was But this Heroe to observe it by the way out of Ninnius if it be worth our notice was call'd Mab-Uter i.e. a horrible son because from his childhood he was of a cruel temper and Arthur which signifies in British a horrible bear or an iron hammer to break the †Molae grinders of Lyons Take also if you please some other monuments of this place tho' not altogether so ancient being out of William of Malmsbury What is a mystery to all mankind I would willingly set down if the truth could only be hammer'd out i.e. what those Pyramids mean Pyramids at
quarries some such little miracles of sporting Nature And I have seen a stone brought from thence winded round like a serpent the head whereof tho' but imperfect jutted out in the circumference and the end of the tail was in the center u But most of them want the head In the neighbouring fields and other places hereabouts the herb Percepier â—ercepier grows naturally all the year round It is peculiar to England and one tastes in it a sort of tartness and bitterness 't is never higher than a span and grows in bushy flowers without a stalk It provokes urine strongly and quickly and there is a water distill'd out of it of great use as P. Poena in his Miscellanies upon Plants has observ'd w Scarce five miles from hence the river Avon parts Bristol in the middle â—â—tow call d by the Britains Caer Oder Nant Badon i.e. the City Odera in Badon valley In the Catalogue of the Ancient Cities it is nam'd Caer Brito and in Saxon it is BrightstoÆ¿ i.e. a famous place But a Amongst the rest Leland in his Comment upon the Cygnea cantio pag. 152. those who have affirm'd it to be the Venta Belgarum have impos'd both upon themselves and the world The City is plac'd partly in Somersetshire and partly in Glocestershire so that it does not belong to either having distinct Magistrates of it's own and being a county incorporate by it self It stands upon a pretty high gâ—ound between the Avon and the little river Frome what with walls and the rivers guarded very well for it was formerly enclos'd with a double wall It casts such a beautiful show both of publick and private buildings that it answers it's name and there are what they call Goutes in Latin Cloacae built in the subterraneous caverns of the earth to carry off and wash away the filth x so that nothing is wanting either for neatness or health But by this means it comes that Carts are not us'd here It is also so well furnish'd with the necessities of life and so populous that next to London and York it may justly claim a preeminence over all the cities in Britain For the trade of many nations is drawn thither by the advantage of commerce and of the harbour which brings vessels under sail into the heart of the city And the Avon swells so much by the coming in of the tide when the Moon descends from the Meridian and passes the place opposite that ships upon the shallows are born up 11 or 12 fathoms The citizens themselves drive a rich trade throughout Europe and make voyages to the remotest parts of America At what time and by whom it was built is hard to say but it seems to be of a late date since in all the Danish plunders it is not so much as mention'd in our Histories For my part I am of opinion it rose in the decline of the Saxon government since it is not taken notice of before the year of our Lord 1063. wherein Harald as Florence of Worcester has it set sail from Brytstow to Wales with a design to invade it In the beginning of the Norman times Berton an adjoyning farm and this Bristow paid to the King as 't is in Domesday book 110 marks of silver and the Burgesses return'd that Bishop G. had 33 marks â—â—am of â—â—â—ster and 1 mark of gold y Afterwards Robert Bishop of Constance plotting against William Rufus chose this for a seat of war and fortify'd the little city with that inner wall I suppose part of which remains to this day z But a few years after the Suburbs began to enlarge on every side for on the south Radcliff where were some little houses belonging to the suburbs is joyn'd to the rest of the city by a stone-bridge which is so set with houses that you would not think it a bridge but a street This part is included within the walls and the inhabitants have the privileges of citizens There are hospitals built in all parts for the poor and neat Churches for the glory of God Amongst the rest the most beautiful is S. Mary's of Radcliffe without the walls into which is a stately ascent by a great many stairs So large is it the workmanship so exquisite and the roof so artificially vaulted with stone and the tower so high that in my opinion it goes much beyond all the Parish Churches in England I have yet seen In it the founder William Canninges has two honorary monuments the one is his image in the habit of a Magistrate for he was five times Mayor of this City the other an image of the same person in Clergy-man's habit for in his latter days he took Orders and was Dean of the College which himself founded at Westbury Hard by it is also another Church call'd Temple the tower whereof as often as the bell rings moves to and again so as to be quite parted from the rest of the building and there is such a chink from top to bottom that the gaping is three fingers broad when the bell rings growing first narrower then again broader Nor must we omit taking notice of S. Stephen's Church the stately tower whereof was in the memory of our grandfathers built by one Shipward 41 Alià s Bâ—rstaple a citizen and merchant with great charge and curious workmanship On the east also and north parts it was enlarg'd with very many buildings and those too included within the walls being defended by the river Frome which after it has pass'd by these walls runs calmly into the Avon making a quiet station for ships and a creek convenient to load and unload wares which they call the Kay Under this The marsh between the confluence of Avon and Frome is a champain ground which is set round with trees and affords a pleasant walk to the citizens Upon the south-east where the rivers do not encompass it Robert natural son to King Henry 1. commonly call'd Robert Rufus Consul of Glocester because he was Earl of Glocester built a large and strong Castle for the defence of his city a and out of a pious inclination set aside every tenth stone for the building of a Chappel near the Priory of S. James which he also erected just under the City He took to wife Mabil daughter and sole heir of Robert Fitz-Hamon who held this city in fealty of William the Norman This castle yet scarce finish'd was besieg'd by King Stephen but he was forc'd to draw off without doing any thing and the same person not many years after being prisoner there was a fair instance how uncertain the events of war are Beyond the river Frome over which at Frome-gate is a bridge one goes obliquely up a high hill of a steep and difficult ascent from whence there is a pleasant prospect of the City and haven below it This upon the top runs into a large and green plain shaded all along the middle with a double rank of trees
Ambri famous for the Monastery of 300 Monks founded here by Ambrosius on purpose that they should pray for the souls of those that were slain by the treachery of Hengist as also for being the burial-place of Quinever wife to the victorious King Arthur whose tomb was found here within this last Century and this Inscription on the wall in massy-gold letters R. G. A. C. 600. the antiquity of which is very suspicious not only because by this computation she must have liv'd almost 50 years after K. Arthur but also because several Historians of good credit affirm that she was bury'd at Glassenbury Here was a Synod held in King Edgar's reign and A. D. 995. Elfrick was elected Archbishop of Canterbury at this place It enjoy'd great Privileges at the time of the Conquest for in Domesday-book we find Amblesbury nunquam geldavit nec hidata fuit In the year 1177. the Abbess and 30 Nuns were for their incontinence and loose lives expell'd and dispers'd into other Religious Houses to be kept under stricter discipline whereupon King Henry gave this Monastery to the Abbey of Fontevralt and so a Convent of those Nuns were sent over the same year and admitted into full possession of this Abbey After it came to be in great repute and not only Q. Eleanor was Nun here but also Mary daughter of K. Edw. 1. and 13 Noblemen's daughters were veil'd here on Assumption-day A. D. 1285. ff Next is Everley Everley or Eburlegh the country-seat of King Ina above which in the way to Lurgeshall on the highest hill in Wiltshire call'd Suthbury-hill is a vast fortification encompass'd with two deep ditches and of an oval figure All along the declivity of the hill there runs a deep trench ditch'd on both sides made probably to secure their communication with some watering place in the neighbouring Bourn It certainly appears to have been a Danish Camp whereby they seem to have commanded all this part of the Country and 6 or 7 barrows in the plain beneath may be thought to preserve the memory of a battle here Near this place is Escourt Escourt where not far from a great Causey suppos'd to be a Roman Vicinal way there was dug up last summer a large earthen vessel with two lesser pots in it one of which was full of ashes or bones The largest of these might probably be an * Rigaltii observat in Auctores Agrarios Obruendarium of the Romans wherein they inclos'd their Vascula Cineraria c. About four miles north of this place is Great-Bedwyn which in the Saxon times †Monast Angl. T. 1. p. 97. Hist Abend was a Metropolis of the bounds of Cissa a Viceroy of Wiltshire and Berkshire under the King of the West-Saxons This Cissa built a Castle in the south part of that city and call'd it Cisse the ditches of which are yet to be seen Here it was that Wulfere and Escwin fought a bloody battle An. 675. and the place has been lately honour'd by giving to the world the most famous Physician of his time Dr. Thomas Willis Not far from hence eastward is Tokenham Tokenham the best seat of his Grace the Duke of Somerset Being now return'd to the banks of the Avon we meet with Uphaven Uphaven for which Peter de Manly procur'd a weekly market of Henry 3. by presenting to him a Palfrey About a mile to the west is a large irregular Camp call'd Casterley Casterley it has but a single trench and the name seems to point out to us something of Roman About 2 miles north-west is Merdon Meâ—don which might probably enough be the Meretune or Meredune of the Saxon Annals famous for the battle between King Etheldred and the Danes For here remain to this day the marks of entrenchments and the largest barrow in these parts except Silbury together with a tradition of a sight and of some great man's being bury'd under the barrow gg But Silbury Silbury is the largest and most uniform barrow in this County and perhaps in all England Upon what account it was rais'd we have no light from antiquity the tradition is that King Sill or King Silber was here bury'd which if compar'd with History comes nearest to Ceol King of the West-Saxons who might possibly be slain hereabouts as his Uncle and Predecessor Ceaulin was slain at Wodensdike unless one should say that it comes from sel great and beorg a hill or barrow And since our Author from this hint makes a digression about Barrows Several sorts of Barrows we may also take notice that there are several sorts of them upon these Downs 1. Small circular trenches with very little elevation in the middle 2. Ordinary barrows 3. Barrows with ditches round them 4. Large oblong barrows some with trenches round them others without 5. Oblong barrows with stones set up all round them There are grounds to believe that few or none of these are land-marks as Mr. Camden would have them About half a mile from Silbury is Aubury Aubury * Aubr Monument Britan. MS. a monument more considerable in it self than known to the world For a village of the same name being built within the circumference of it and by the by out of it's stones too what by gardens orchards inclosures and such like the prospect is so interrupted that 't is very hard to discover the form of it It is environ'd with an extraordinary Vallum or Rampart as great and as high as that at Winchester and within it is a graff of a depth and breadth proportionable from which Mr. Aubrey inferrs that it could not be design'd for a fortification because then the Graff would have been on the outside From the north to the south port are 60 paces and as many from the west port to the east The breadth of the Rampart is 4 perches and that of the graff the same The graff has been surrounded all along the edge of it with large stones pitch'd on end most of which are now taken away but some marks remaining give one the liberty to guess they stood quite round From this place to West-Kennet †Aubr ibid. West-Kennet is a walk that has been enclos'd on each side with large stones only one side at present wants a great many but the other is almost if not quite entire above which place on the brow of the hill is another Monument encompass'd with a circular trench and a double circle of stones four or five foot high tho' most of them are now fallen down the diameter of the outer circle 40 yards and of the inner 15. Between West-Kennet and this place is a walk much like that from Aubury thither at least a quarter of a mile in length About 80 yards from this monument in an exact plain round it there were some years ago great quantities of humane bones and skeletons dug up which probably were the bones of the Saxons and Danes slain at
has been a long series of successors no less eminent for wealth and honour than for piety and devotion 5 But among others St. Swithin continues yet of greatest fame not so much for his sanctity as for the rain which usually falls about the feast of his translation in July by reason the Sun then is Cosmically with Praesepe and Aselli noted by ancient writers to be rainy Constellations and not for his weeping or other weeping Saints Margaret the Virgin and Mary Magdalen whose feasts are shortly after as some superstitiously credulous have believed and by a peculiar privilege are Chancellors to the Archbishop of Canterbury and Prelates of the Garter Some of these at great expence have beautify'd and enlarg'd this Church particularly Edington and Walkeling but above all Wickham who with incredible cost built the West part of the Church from the Choire a neat and curious piece of work in the middle of which between two pillars is his own monument The Church has been accordingly dedicated to new Patrons Amphibalus Peter Swithin and lastly to the Holy Trinity by which name it is at present call'd Among the Saxons it was in great repute for being honour'd with the Sepulture of some of their Kings whose bones were gathered by Richard Fox Bishop and put into little gilded Coffins which with their several Inscriptions he placed upon a wall that runs along the upper part of the Quire It was formerly call'd h Ealdan-Mynster Chron. Sax. Ealden-mynster i.e. the old Monastery or Minster to distinguish it from the more modern one i Niwan-Mynster Chron. Sax. NeÆ¿an-mynster i.e. New Minster which King Aelfred founded and to build the Offices belonging to it bought of the Bishop a certain peice of ground for every foot whereof he paid one Mark according to the publick Standard This new College as well as the old one was first founded for marry'd Priests who were afterwards expelled by Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury upon the miracle of a Cross speaking and condemning the Order and so Monks were brought into their room These two Monasteries had their walls so near one another that when they were singing in one the noise was a disturbance to the other upon which arose some quarrels between the two Societies that afterwards broke out into feuds This reason and another inconvenience of a great confluence of waters which ran down the streets from the West-gate and making a standing pool at this new Monastery did infect the air with unwholsome vapours caus'd the Church 200 years after it's first building to be remov'd into the northern suburbs to a place call'd Hide Hide-Abby where by the licence of Henry 1. the Monks built a large and beautiful Monastery which within a few years by the treachery of Henry of Blois Bishop of Winchester as a private little History of that place tells us was miserably burnt down in which fire was consum'd that famous Cross the gift of Canute the Dane that as some old Records deliver it cost him the yearly revenue of all England But the Monastery was raised again to a noble fabrick as the present ruines testifie and grew by degrees till that fatal period for the destruction of Monks For then this house was demolished and the other of St. Trinity which is the Cathedral Church upon ejection of the Monks had a new foundation of a Dean and 12 Prebendaries At the East-side of the Cathedral stands a spacious k It was built A. D. 1137. by Henry Bishop of Winchester Leiger-Book of St. Cross in the hands of Mr. Worsley palace of the Bishop's call'd Wolvesey fortify'd by several turrets almost surrounded by the river and reaching to the City-walls m In the south suburbs there is a neat College that answers it which William of Wickham Bishop of this See the greatest patron and encourager of Learning that was in England A College bâ—â—â—â— by William of Wickham and whose memory shall be celebrated through all ages in the Monuments of Learning built for a publick school which affords great numbers of learned men both to Church and State In this are maintain'd gentilely a Warden 10 Fellows 2 Masters 70 Scholars l Particularly 3 Chaplains 3 Clerks an Organist 16 Choristers and the statutable servants with some others There are also other eminent buildings in this City most of them consecrated to religious uses which because time has destroy'd I have no mind to mention n tho' I cannot but take notice of that * Partheâ—â—â—m St. Mary's Abby Nunnery or Monastery for Virgins which Aelfwide wife to King Alfred founded it having been so noble a piece of building as the ruines of it still shew and the place out of which Henry 1. Maud wife to Henry 1. took his wife Maud daughter of Malcolm King of Scots by whom the Royal families of the Saxons and Normans were united and by which means that Prince gain'd much on the affections of the English For she was great grand-daughter to Edmund Ironside by his son Edward The banished and a Lady not only endow'd with all the vertues becoming a Queen but more especially eminent for piety and devotion Whereupon this old Tetrastick was made in her commendation Prospera non laetam fecêre nec aspera tristem Aspera risus ei prospera terror erant Non decor effecit fragilem non sceptra superbum Sola potens humilis sola pudica decens Nor bless'd rejoyc'd nor when unhappy mourn'd To laughter grief and joy to fear she turn'd Nor beauty made her frail nor sceptres proud Humble tho' great and scarce more fair than good As to Guy Earl of Warwick so famous in story who in a single combat here conquer'd Colbrand that Danish †Typhoëus Giant and Waltheof Earl of Huntingdon beheaded in this place where afterward was the Chapel of St. Giles and as to the famous adjoyning Hospital of St. Cross founded by Henry de Blois Brother of King Stephen and Bishop of this City and farther endow'd by Henry de Beaufort Cardinal I shall say nothing of all these because a full relation is already given of them in our common Histories As to the Earls of Winchester Earls of Winchester to pass by Clito a Saxon who at the coming in of the Normans was depriv'd of this ancient honour King John made Saer Quincy Earl of Winchester The Quincy's Arms. whose Arms were * Baltheus militaris a Fesse with a †Lemniscus label of seven as I learn'd from his seal To him succeeded Roger his son who bore in a field Gules seven ‖ Rhombos Mascles voided Or. But he dying without Issue male the honour was extinct in him for he marry'd the oldest daughter and co-heir by a former wife of Alan Lord of Galloway in Scotland in whose right he was Constable of Scotland But by her he had only 3 daughters of whom the eldest was marry'd to William de Ferrariis Earl of
Ouse as appears by a distich in a window of S. Helen's Church there and turned the high road hither for a short cut it became so much frequented as to be reckon'd amongst the principal towns of this County having a Mayor and much enriching it self by steep'd barley sprouting and chitting again which the Greeks call Byne and we Mault Mault It hath besides a Cross of excellent workmanship in the middle of the Market-place erected as 't is reported in the reign of K. Henry 6. by the fraternity of St. Cross instituted by him As Cissa was the founder of this Abbey so Cilla as I have it out of an old book King Cedwalla's sister built a Nunnery at Helnestow near the Thames where her self presided over the Virgins who were afterwards translated to Witham In the heat of the war between Offa and Kinulph the Nuns upon the building of a castle there retired from thence For after that Kinulph was overthrown whatsoever lay under his jurisdiction from the town of Wallingford in the south part from Ichenilde-streete as far as * Now Ashbury near Whitehorse Hill Essebury and in the north part as far as the River Thames King Offa seiz'd upon Near unto it north-west lies Lee which by the daughter of a certain Knight sirnam'd de Lee fell to the family of the Besiles Besiles Lee. Fetiplace and thence came to be call'd Besiles-Lee and from that family in right of marriage to Richard Fetiplace whose progenitor Thomas brought some honour to his posterity by matching with Beatrix a natural daughter of John 1. King of Portugal 1 And widow to Gilbert Lord Talbot from whom they are descended But now let us return Hard by Abington the little River Ock which washes the south-side of the town and over which Sir John St. Helens Knight formerly built a bridge gently falls into the Ouse It hath it's rise in the vale of White-horse scarce a mile or two from Kingston-Lisle Viscounts Lisle anciently the possession of Warin de Insula or Lisle a noble Baron John Talbot a younger son of that famous Warriour John Earl of Shrewsbury being by the mother's side descended from that Baron was first created Baron L'isle 2 By K. Henry 6. as Warin de Insula was before in regard of his being possess'd of this place as if that honour were annext to it and afterwards Viscount L'isle 3 By a Patent without any such regard This title by the favour of our Kings hath in a continued series still flourish'd in his posterity For to sum up all in short when Thomas Talbot son of that John dy'd issueless being shot through the mouth with an arrow as in a skirmish he was defending his estate against Baron Barkley Edward Grey who had marry'd his sister receiv'd the same honour from King Richard 3. and had a son nam'd John whose only daughter and heir being an infant was contracted to Charles Brandon by King Henry 8. and thereupon he became Viscount L'isle but she dying before the solemnization of the marriage this his title dy'd with her Afterwards the same King Henry conferr'd this honour upon Arthur Plantagenet a natural son of King Edward 4. who had marry'd Elizabeth the sister of John Grey Viscount L'isle Edmund Dudley's widow And upon his dying without issue-male John Dudley son of Edmund Dudley by the same Elizabeth Grey afterwards Duke of Northumberland 4 In the time of K. Edward 6. was honour'd by the same King with this title But he being attainted 5 By Queen Mary Queen Elizabeth restor'd in blood his son Ambrose and before she created him Earl of Warwick the same day made him Baron L'isle 6 Who ended his life issueless and Robert Sidney his sister's son a person illustrious for his so noble descent and his own virtues was honour'd with the title of Viscount L'isle 1605. by King James who had before created him Baron Sidney of Pensherst and likewise made him Lord Chamberlain to his Royal Consort Queen Ann d Thence this river Ock just now mention'd runs between Pusey Pusey still in the possession of a Family of that Sirname and held by a Horn given to their ancestors by King Canutus the Dane e and the two Denchworths hard by Denchworth where two noble and ancient Families have long flourish'd Hide at South-Denchworth and Fetiplace at North-Denchworth both which may seem to have sprung from the same stock considering they give the same Coat of Arms. After this the Ock receives a nameless rivulet which flows out of the same Vale about Wantage call'd in Saxon Wanating anciently a Royal Vill and the birth-place of the famous King Alfred which at his death he bequeath'd to Alfrith It was made a market-town not long after by the interest of that valiant Soldier Foulk Fitzwarin upon whom Roger Bigod Earl Marshal of England had bestow'd it for his singular courage and great conduct in War and it now owns for it's Lords the Bourchiers Earls of Bath descended from the race of the Fitzwarins of which family some are bury'd here f The Ouse leaving Abington presently receives the Tame out of Oxfordshire of which river elsewhere and now by a compound word being call'd Thamisis the Thames The Thames Sinodun first makes a visit to Sinodun an high hill defended with a deep ditch where 't is certain in ancient times there was a Roman fortification for the ground being now broken up with the Plough Roman Coins a certain sign of antiquity are now and then found by the Ploughmen Bretwel Beneath it at Brettwell there was a Castle if it were not really upon this hill which Henry 2. Rob. Montensis took by force a little before his making peace with King Stephen From hence the Thames bends it's course to the once chief City of the Attrebatii call'd by Antoninus Galleva Attrebatum by Ptolemy Galeva but both of them through the carelesness of Copiers name it wrong instead of Gallena Gallena and these likewise in the Greek Copies obtrude upon us 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by a transposition of the letters for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For I have been of the opinion that it was so call d in the British tongue as it were Guall hen that is the Old Fort. Which name being still kept and Ford from a shallow place in the river added to it a See this opinion confuted in the Additions to Wiltshire the Saxons in ancient times call'd it b Wealingford Walingeford and Walingford by the Saxon Annals according to the several ages Guallengaford and Wallengaford and we now-a-days by contraction Wallingford Wallingford In K. Edward the Confessor's time it was counted a Borough and contain'd in it as we find in Domesday book 276 * Hagas houses yielding 9 pound †De Gâ—â—â— Tax and those that dwelt there did the King service on horseback or else by water Of those
Moels and the Courteneys much augmented his estate His son Robert who marry'd the daughter and heir of the Lord Botereaux enrich'd the family more and then Robert his son who had to Wife Eleanor the daughter and heir of William Molines upon which account he was honour'd among the Barons of the Kingdom by the name of Lord Molines and during the Civil Wars between the Houses of York and Lancaster was beheaded at New-castle made great additions to it Thomas his son slain at Salisbury in his father's life-time left Mary an only daughter married to Edward Lord Hastings with whom he had a great estate But Walter brother to the said Thomas begat Edward Hungerford father of that Walter whom Henry 8. created Baron Hungerford of Heytesbury and condemned afterwards for a very heinous crime nevertheless Queen Mary restor'd his children to every thing but the dignity of Barons h Not far from hence towards the South lies Widehay â—idehay long the seat of the Barons of St. Amand â—â—ons of Amand. whose estate by marriage came to Gerard Braybrok and Elizabeth his eldest grand-daughter by his son Gerard transferr'd the estate by marriage to William Beauchamp who being summon'd to Parliament by the name of William Beauchamp of St. Amand â—â—uchamp 〈◊〉 Amand was a Baron as his son Richard also was who had no legitimate issue From thence the river Kenet taking it's course between Hemsted Marshall anciently held * Per virgam Marescalliae by the Rod of the Marshalsea and belonging to the Marshals of England where †Sir Thomas Thomas Parry Treasurer of the Houshold to Queen Elizabeth built a very fine seat and Benham Valence so call'd from it's belonging to William Valence Earl of Pembroke 7 But Queen Elizabeth gave it to John Baptista Castilion a Piemontes of her Privy Chamber for faithful service in her dangers comes to Spinae Spinae the old town mention'd by Antoninus which retaining still it's name is call'd Spene but instead of a town is now a poor little village scarce a mile from Newbury a noted town that had it's rise out of the ruines of it For Newbury Newbury with us is as much as the New Borough that is in regard to Spinae the more ancient place which is quite decay'd but hath left the name in part of Newbury it self still call'd Spinhamlands And if nothing else yet this certainly might prove that Newbury fetcht it's original from Spinae for that the inhabitants of Newbury owns the little village Spene for their mother tho' Newbury compar'd with Spene is for it's buildings and neatness a very considerable town and much enrich'd by cloathing well seated upon a plain and has the river Kenet running through it In the Norman Conquest this town fell to Ernulph de Hesdin Earl of Perch Lib. Inquisitionum whose great grandson Thomas Earl of Perch being slain at the siege of Lincoln the Bishop of Chalons his heir sold it to William Marshall Earl of Pembroke who likewise held the mannour of Hempsted hard by spoken of before as did his successors Marshals of England till Roger Bigod for his obstinacy lost his honour of Earl Marshal and possessions too which notwithstanding by much †precariò intercession he obtain'd again for life i The Kenet continues on his course from hence and receives by the way the little river Lamborn Lamborn which at it's rise imparts the name to a small market-town that in ancient times belong'd to Alfrith K. Alfred's Cousin having been left him by the said King in his Will and afterwards was the Fitzwarin's who obtain'd the privilege of a market of Henry 3. But now it belongs to the Knightly family of Essex which derives it's pedigree from William de Essex Under-Treasurer of England in Edw. 4.'s time and from those of the same sirname in Essex that liv'd in great repute and honour there From thence this little river runs beneath g In the late Civil Wars it was a garrison for the King Dennington Dunnington-castle call'd also Dunnington a little but very neat castle seated on the brow of a woody hill having a fine prospect and windows on all sides very lightsome They say it was built by Sir Richard de Abberbury Knight founder also of God's House beneath it for the relief of the poor Afterwards it was the residence of h It was the house of Jeoffery Chaucer and there under an Oak commonly call'd Chaucer's Oak he is said to have penn'd many of his famous Poems The Oak till within these few years was standing Chaucer then of the De la Poles and within the memory of our fathers of Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk And now the Kenet having run a long way passes at last by Aldermaston Aldermaston which Henry 1. gave to Robert Achard from whose posterity by the De la Mares it came at length by right of marriage to the Fosters a Knightly family At last it runs into the Thames having first with it's windings encompass'd a great part of Reading This little city or town of Reading Reading call'd in Saxon * Per virgam Marescalliae Rheadyge of Rhea that is the River or of the British word Redin signifying Fern which grew in great plenty hereabouts for the neatness of it's streets the fineness of it's buildings for it's riches and the reputation it hath gotten for making of cloath goes beyond all the other towns of this county tho' it hath lost it's greatest ornaments the beautiful Church and very ancient Castle k For this as Asserius tells us the Danes kept possession of when they drew a ditch between the Kenet and the Thames and hither they retreated after King Ethelwolph had routed them at Inglefield Inglefield a little village in the neighbourhood which gives name to a noble and ancient family But it was so demolish'd by K. Henry 2. because it was a place of refuge for King Stephen's party that nothing now remains of it but the bare name in the next street Near to this K. Hen. 1. having pull'd down a little Nunnery founded in former times by Queen Alfritha to expiate for some crimes built a most magnificent Abbey for Monks and enrich'd it with great Revenues Which Prince to use the very words of his Charter of Foundation Because three Abbeys in the kingdom of England were formerly for their sins destroy'd that is Reading Chelsea and Leonminstre which were long in Lay-mens hands by the advice of the Bishops founded a new Monastery at Reading and endow'd it with Reading Chelsea and Leonminstre In this Abbey was interr'd the Founder himself King Henry 7 With his wife both veil'd and crown'd for that she had been a Queen and professed Nun. Maud the Empress together with his daughter Maud as appears by the private history of the place tho' some report that she was bury'd at Becc in Normandy Who as well
another small river that runs into it from the East â—â—â—kesbuâ—â—â— between which is seated Tewkesbury in the Saxon tongue Theocsbury by others nam'd Theoci Curia so call'd from Theocus that there led the life of an hermit a large and fair town having 3 bridges over 3 rivers leading to it famous for the making of woollen cloth â—â—â—tâ—rd and smart biting Mustard but formerly most noted for an ancient Monastery g founded by Odo and Dodo two brothers in the year of our Lord 715 where their palace formerly stood as they shew us by the following inscription HANC AULAM REGIA DODO DUX CONSECRARI FECIT IN ECCLESIAM Which being almost ruin'd by age and the fury of Wars was repair'd by Robert Fitz-hamon Fitz-hamon a Norman 4 Lord of Corboile and Thorigny in Normandy translating Monks from Cranborn in Dorsetshire hither piously designing to make what satisfaction he was able for the loss the Church of Bajeux in Normandy sustain'd which Henry 1. consumed with fire to free him from prison but afterwards repenting of the fact rebuilt it It cannot saith William of Malmesbury be easily conceiv'd how much Robert Fitz-hamon adorned and beautified this Monastery where the stateliness of the buildings ravish'd the eyes and the pious charity of the Monks the affections of all persons that came thither In this Monastery he and his successors Earls of Glocester were interr'd who had a castle hard by call'd Holmes that is now ruin'd Neither was it less famous for the bloody overthrow that the Lancastrians received in this place in the year 1471 in which battel many of them were slain more taken and beheaded their power so weaken'd and their hopes so defeated by the death of Edward the only son of K. Hen. 6. and he very young whose brains were barbarously beaten out here that they were never afterwards able to make any head against King Edw. 4. Whence J. Leland writes thus of this town Ampla foro partis spoliis praeclara Theoci Curia Sabrinae qua se committit Avona Fulget nobilium sacrisque recondit in antris Multorum cineres quondam inclyta corpora bello Where Avon's friendly streams with Severn joyn Great Tewkesbury's walls renown'd for trophies shine And keep the sad remains with pious care Of noble souls the honour of the war From hence we go down the stream to Deorhirst Deorhirst which is mentioned by Bede it lyeth very low upon the Severn whereby it sustaineth great damages when the river overfloweth It had formerly a small Monastery which was ruined by the Danes but reflourished under Edward the Confessor who as we read in his Will assigned it with the government thereof to the Monastery of St. Denis near Paris But a little after as Malmesbury saith it was only an empty monument of antiquity h Over-against this in the middle of the river lies a place call'd Oleneag and Alney by the Saxons now the Eight i.e. an Island Famous upon this account that when the English and Danes had much weaken'd themselves by frequent encounters to shorten the War it was agreed that the fate of both nations should be determin'd by the valour of Edmund King of the English and Canutus King of the Danes in a single combat who after a long doubtful fight agreed upon a peace and the Kingdom was divided between them but Edmund being quickly taken out of the world not without suspicion of poyson the Dane seised upon the whole i From Deorhirst the river Severn 5 Runneth down by Haesfield which K. Hen. 3. gave to Richard Pauncefote whose successors built a fair house here and whose predecessors were possessed of fair lands in this country before and in the Conqueror's time in Wiltshire after various windings and turnings parts it self to make the Isle of Alney rich and beautiful in fruitful green meadows and then hastens to the chief city of the county which Antoninus calls Clevum or Glevum the Britains Caer Gloui the Saxons Gleaucester we Glocester Glocester the vulgar Latins Glovernia others Claudiocestria from the Emperour Claudius who as is reported gave it that name when he here married his daughter Genissa to Arviragus the British King whom Juvenal mentions Regem aliquem capies vel de temone Britanno Excidet Arviragus Some captive King thee his new Lord shall own Or from his British chariot headlong thrown The proud Arviragus comes tumbling down as if Claudius his three wives brought him any daughters besides Claudia Antonia and Octavia or as if Arviragus was known in that age when his name was scarce heard of in Domitian's reign But leaving those that make their own conjectures pass for the records of venerable antiquity I should rather adhere to Ninnius his opinion who derives this name from Glouus the great grand-father of King Vortigern only I find Glevum mention'd long before by Antoninus which the distance from Corinium with its name confirm to be the same But as the Saxon name Gleauecester came from Glevum so Glevum by analogy came from the British name Caer Glowi and that I believe from the British word Glow which in their language signifies fair and splendid so that Caer Glow is the same as a fair City Upon the same account among the Greeks arose the names of Callipolis Callidromos and Callistratia and amongst the English Brightstow †And Shirley and in this County Fair-ford 6 Fairley c. This City was built by the Romans on purpose to be a curb to the Silures and a Colony placed there call'd Colonia Glevum for a The Inscription is still to be read at Bath I have seen the remains of an ancient stone in the walls of Bath near the North-gate with the following Inscription * decurio DEC COLONIAE GLEV VIXIT ANN. LXXXVI This City lyes extended upon Severne and on that side where it is not wash'd with the river is secured in some places with a strong wall being beautify'd with many fair Churches and handsome well-built Streets On the south part was once a Castle built of square stone but now almost quite ruin'd it was first raised in the time of William the Conqueror and 16 houses were demolished in that place as Doomsday book mentions it to make room for this edifice About which as Roger de Monte writes Roger the son of Myles Constable of Glocester commenced his action at Law against King Henry 2. and also Walter his brother lost the right he had both to the City and Castle Ceaulin King of the West-Saxons first took this City by force of arms from the Britains in the year 570. then it came under the Jurisdiction of the Mercians under whom it long flourished in great repute here Osrick King of the Northumbrians by the permission of Ethelred King of the Mercians founded a great and stately Monastery for Nuns over which Kineburga Eadburga and Eva all Mercian Queens successively presided Edelfieda likewise that famous Lady
of the Mercians adorned it with a noble Church in which her self lyes intomb'd Not long after when the whole County was ravaged by the Danes these sacred Virgins were forc'd to depart and the Danes as Aethelwerd that ancient Author writeth after many turns and changes of war set up their tents at Gleuu-cester Now those ancient Churches having been ruin'd in these calamitous times Aldred Archbishop of York and Bishop of Worcester erected a new one for Monks which is the present Cathedral and hath a Dean and six Prebendaries belonging to it Which Church in former ages receiv'd great additions and ornaments from several Benefactors for J. Hanly and T. Farley Abbots added the V. Mary's Chapel Nicholas Morwent built the western front from the ground very beautiful b Thomas G. Horton Abbot joyned to it the northern cross Isle Abbot c Frowcester Trowcester built the curious neat Cloysters and Abbot Sebrook the great and stately Tower The south Isle was rebuilt with the offerings that devout people made at the shrine of King Edward 2. who lyes here interr'd in an Alabaster tomb And not far from him lyes in the middle of the Quire the unfortunate Robert Curt-hose the eldest son of William the Conqueror Duke of Normandy in a wooden monument 7 Who was bereft of the Kingdom of England for that he was born before his Father was King depriv'd of his two s ns the one by strange death in the N. Forest the other despoiled of the Earldom of Flanders his inheritance and slain he himself dispossessed of the Dukedom of Normandy by his Brother K. Henry 1. his eyes pluck'd out and kept close Prisoner 26 years without contumelious indignities until through extream anguish he ended his life Beyond the Quire in an Arch of the Church there is a wall built with so great artifice in the form of a semicircle with corners that if any one whisper very low at one end and another lay his ear to the other end he may easily hear each distinct syllable k In the reign of William the Conqueror and before the chief trade of the city was forging of Iron for as it is mention'd in Doomsday book there was scace any other tribute requir'd by the King than certain d A Dicar of Iron contain'd to barrs Blunt's Tenures Icres of Iron and Iron bars for the use of the Royal Navy and a few pints of Honey After the coming in of the Normans it suffer'd some calamities when England was all in a flame by the Barons wars being plunder'd by Edward the son of Henry 3. and after almost laid in ashes by a casual fire But now by the blessing of a continued peace it doth prosper and reflourish and having the two adjacent hundreds added to it is made a County of it self and is call'd The County of the City of Glocester l And Henry 8. in the memory of our Fathers augmented the state thereof by erecting an Episcopal See with which dignity as Geoffry of Monmouth saith it was formerly honour'd and I have reason not to question the truth of this assertion m since the Bishop of * Câ—osis Cluve is reckon'd among the British Prelates which name being deriv'd from Clevum or Glow doth in part confirm my conjecture that this is the Glevum mention'd by Antoninus n The river Severne having now left Glocester o and uniting its divided streams 8 Windeth it self by Elmore a Mansion House of the Gises ancient by their own lineal discent being in elder times owners of Apseley-Gise near Brickhill and from the Beauchamps of Holt who acknowledge Hubert de Burgo Earl of Kent whom I lately mentioned benâ—ficious to them and testifie the same by their Armories Lower upon the same side Stroud a pretty river slideth into Severne out of Coteswold by Stroud a Market-town sometimes better peopled with Clothiers and not far from Minching-Hampton which anciently had a Nunnery or belonged to Nuns whom our Ancestors named Minchings waxeth broader and deeper by the ebbing and flowing of the tyde it rages like the aestuation of the sea towards which it hastens with frequent turnings and windings But in its course toucheth upon nothing memorable except Cambridge Cambridg a e It has only five or six houses small Country-hamlet where Cam a little river runs into it f Where this action is mention'd by the Saxon-Annals it is said to have been at Cambridge which is prov'd rather to be Bridgnorth in Shropshire See the County under that title at which bridge as Aethelwerd writeth when the Danes passed over by filing off laden with rich spoils the west Saxons and Mercians receiv'd them with a bloody encounter in Woodnesfield in which Healfden Cinuil and Inguar three of their Princes were slain On the same side of the river not much lower standeth Berkley Berkeys in the Saxon tongue Beorkenlau eminent for a strong Castle and its Mayor who is the chief Magistrate as also for the Lords thereof the Barons of Barkley of an ancient and noble family 9 Descended from Robert Fitz-Harding to whom King Henry 2. gave this place and Barkley Hearnes Out of this house descended many Knights and Gentlemen of signal note of which was William Baron of Barkley 10 Who was honoured by King Edward 4. with the style of Viscount Barkley by King Richard the 3. with the Honour of Earl of Nottingham in regard of his mother daughter of Thomas Mowbray Duke of Norfolk and Earl of Nottingham and by King Henry 7. with the office of Marshal of England and dingity of Marquess Barkley who in the reign of Henry 7. was made Viscount and Marquess Barkley E. of Nottingham and Marshal of England but because he died without issue those titles ceased with him p If you would know by what stratagem Godwyn Earl of Kent Earl G dwyn's 〈◊〉 a man fit and prepar'd for any wicked design got the possession of this place take this short account of Walter Mapes who lived 400 years since for it is not unworthy the Reader 's perusal Berkley is a village near Severne of the yearly value of 500 l. in which was a Nunnery govern'd by an Abbess that was both noble and beautiful Earl Godwin a notable subtle man not desiring her but hers as he pass'd by left his nephew a young * That this is not the original of the name is plain from the Saxon Bricgstow which plainly points out to us a bridge or passage over the river proper handsom spark as if seized with sickness till he should return back thither and instructed him to counterfeit an indisposition till he had gotten all who came to visit him both Lady Abbess and Nuns with child And to carry on the intreague more plausibly and more effectually to obtain the favour of their visits the Earl furnish'd him with rings and girdles that by those presents he might the more easily corrupt and gain their inclinations There needed
those places which we now call Academies and Universities were in former ages fitly call'd Studies Universiâ—â— call'd Studies as St. Hierom speaks of the flourishing Studies of France Epist ad Râ—stâ—â—â— Monaâ—hâ— For the name of University for publick Schools of Learning obtain'd first about the reign of King Henry 3. and if I am not mistaken this word did not at first so much signifie the place of study as the Society of Students But perhaps this may seem out of my road Now the worthy Patrons and Favourers of Learning began to furnish the City and Suburbs with stately Colleges Colâ—eges Halls and Schools and to endow them with ample Revenues for before this time the greatest part of the University stood without North-gate Then in the reign of King Henry 3. John Baliol of Bernard-castle who died in the year 1269. Father of John Baliol King of Scots Book of Mailros founded Baliol-College s And soon after Walter Merton Bishop of Rochester transferr'd the College which he had built in Surrey to Oxford in the year 1274. endow'd it and call'd it Merton-College t 9 And these two were the first endow'd Colleges for Students in Christâ—ndâ—m Then William Archdeacon of Durham repair'd and restor'd the Foundation of King Alfred which we now call University-College u About which time the Scholars having been somewhat rude to Otto the Pope's Legate or rather his Horse-leach sent hither to suck the blood of the poor people they were excommunicated and treated with great severity At which time as Richard of Armagh tells us there were reckon'd in this University no less than thirty thousand Students Under King Edward the second Walter Stapledon Bishop of Exeter built Exeter-College and Hart-Hall w and the King after his example a Royal College commonly call'd Orial x and St. Mary-Hall About which time the Hebrew tongue began to be read by a Jewish Convert Regist Mon. Hâ—â— for whose stipend every Clerk in Oxford contributed one penny for every mark of his Ecclesiastical revenue After this Queen Philippa wife of King Edward 3. built Queens-College y and Simon Islip Arch-bishop of Canterbury Canterbury-College The Scholars now abounding in peace and plenty grew insolent upon their good fortune and divided into the factions of the Northern and Southern men carrying on the quarrel with open arms and all manner of hostility upon which the Northern-men retir'd to Stanford and there set up publick Schools But after a few years when the storm was blown over and the feuds forgot they all return'd hither again 10 Recall'd by Proclamation directed to the High-Sheriff of Lincolnshire upon penalty to forfeit their Books and the King's displeasure and Statutes were enacted to prohibit all persons from professing at Stanford to the prejudice of Oxford About that time William Wickam Bishop of Winchester built a magnificent Structure call'd New College z into which the ripest Lads are every year transplanted from his other College at Winchester 11 And he about the same by the tract of the City wall built a fair high wall embattled and turretted Then Richard Angervil Bishop of Durham calld Philobiblos or The Lover of Books y At his death An. 1345. he left his voluminous Library to Durham-College with liberty of access upon certain conditions to all Scholars At the dissolution of which house in the reign of Henry 8. some of the Books of this admirable collection were remov'd to the Publick Library some to Baliol College and some came into the hands of Dr. George Owen a Physician of Godstow who bought the said College of Edward 6. began a publick Library And his Successor Thomas de Hatfield z This College is much rather to be ascrib'd to Richard de Bury for when the Monks of Durham had begun their buildings for a Seminary to their own Convent it was furnisht and endo'wd by this great and generous Prelate built Durham-College for the benefit of the Monks of Durham and Richard Fleming Bishop of Lincoln founded Lincoln-College About the same time the Benedictine Monks 12 By a Chapter held among them laid their monies together and encreased Glocester-Hall built before by John Lord Giffard of Brimsfield for Monks of Glocester built Glocester-College at their own proper cost and charges bb where were constantly maintain'd two or three Monks of every House of that Order who afterwards should profess good Letters in their respective Convents 13 Nicholas Wadham of Merefield in the County of Somerset hath assign'd a fair portion of lands and money for the propagation of religion and learning which I note incidently by way of congratulation to our age that there are yet some who graciously respect the advancement of good learning To speak nothing of the Canons of St. Frideswide there were erected no less than four beautiful Cells of Friers in the Suburbs where there often flourisht men of considerable parts and learning In the next age during the reign of King Henry 5. Henry Chichely Arch-bishop of Canterbury founded two eminent Colleges one of which he dedicated to the memory of All-Souls cc and the other to St. Bernard Not long after William Wainster Bishop of Winchester built Magdalen-College remarkable for building fine situation and pleasure of adjoyning groves and walks dd At the same time the a The ground was purchast by the University An. 1427. and upon several contributions the Structure was soon after begun but was intermitted till by the piety and bounty of Humfrey Duke of Glocester it was farther carried on but not compleated till the year 1480. Divinity School Dâ—â—inity School was erected a work of such admirable texture and beauty that the saying of Xeuxis may justly be inscrib'd upon it It is more easie to envy than to imitate this work Publick L brary And above this School was a Library furnisht with one hundred twenty nine choice Volumes procur'd from Italy at the great expence of Humphrey the Good Duke of Glocester a chief Patron and admirer of Learning But most of these Books are long since embezell'd and converted to private uses 14 In the giddy time of King Edward the sixth But now may all happiness attend the generous design the worthy Sir Thomas Bodley Thâ—mas Bâ—dâ—ey Kt. formerly a Member of this University with extraordinary charge and indefatigable pains is furnishing a new Library in the same place with the best Books procur'd from all parts of the world that the University may enjoy a publick Arsenal of Wisdom and he himself an everlasting honour ee And since it was a good custom of the Ancients in all their Libraries to erect Statues of Gold Pâ—al 35. c. 2 Silver or Brass both to those who had instituted them and those who had adorn'd them with excellent Writings that time and Age might not triumph over Benefactors and that the curiosity of Mankind might be satisfied while they enquired after men of worth and
ridge to the north and separate this County of Oxon from that of Bucks at the foot whereof are seated many little towns of which the most remarkable are Watlington a small Market-town belonging formerly to Robert D'oily tt Shirburne Shirburne where was heretofore a small Castle of the Quatremans now a seat of the Chamberlains descended from the Earls of Tankervil who bearing the office of Chamberlain to the Dukes of Normandy their posterity laying aside the old name of Tankervil call'd themselves Chamberlains from the said office which their Ancestors enjoy'd 24 To omit Edgar Algar and other English-Saxons Official Earls of Oxford The title of Earl of Oxford Earls of Oxford has long flourisht in the family of Vere who derive their pedigree from the Earls of Guisnes and their name from the town of Vere in Zealand They owe the beginning of their greatness in England to K. Henry the first who advanced Alberic de Vere for his great prudence and integrity to several places of honour and profit as to be Chamberlain of England and Portreve of the City of London and to his son Henry Duke of Normandy son of the daughter of King Henry and right heir to England and Normandy this was the title he used before his establishment in this kingdom to divert him from King Stephen who had usurpt the Crown and to oblige him to his own party he granted and restor'd the office of Chamberlain which he had lost in those civil wars and offer'd him the choice of these four Earldoms Dorset Wilts Berks and Oxon. And after this Maud the Empress and her son Henry then in possession of the Throne by their several Charters created him Earl of Oxford Of his posterity not to mention every particular person the most eminent were these that follow Robert de Vere who being highly in favour with King Richard the second was by him advanct to the new and unheard of honours of Marquess of Dublin and Duke of Ireland of which he left as one well observes nothing but some gaudy titles to be inscribed upon his tomb and matter of discourse and censure to the world For soon after through the envy of the other Courtiers he was degraded and miserably ended his life in banishment 25 John the first of that name so trusty and true to the House of Lancaster that both he and his son and heir Aubrey lost their heads therefore together in the first year of King Edward 4. John de Vere a man of great ability and experience in the arts of war and as eminent for his constant fidelity to the Lancastrian party fought often in the field against K. Edward the fourth for some time defended St. Michael's mount and was the chief assistant to King Henry the seventh in obtaining the Crown Another John in the reign of Henry the eighth in all parts of his life so temperate devout and honest that he was distinguisht by the name of John the Good He was great Grandfather to the present Earl Henry the eighteenth Earl of this family and Grandfather to the two noble Brothers Francis and Horatio Vere who by their admirable courage and military conduct and their many brave and fortunate exploits in the Low-Countries have added no small lustre to their ancient and honourable family This County contains 280 Parish Churches ADDITIONS to OXFORDSHIRE a THE County of Oxford call'd by the more early Saxons Oxna-ford-scyre and afterwards Oxen-ford-scyre does by its situation particularly the north-east parts of it Otmore and the adjacent places exactly answer the original of * See Camd. at the beginning Glocestershire Dobuni as lying low and level Though most parts of it bear corn very well yet its greatest glory is the abundance of meadows and pastures to which the rivers add both pleasure and convenience For beside the five more considerable ones the Thames Isis Cherwell Evenlode and Windrush †Plot. p. 18. it has at least threescore and ten of an inferiour rank without including the smaller brooks What our Author says of the hills being clad with woods is so much alter'd by the late Civil wars that few places except the Chiltern-country can answer that character at present for fuel is in those parts so scarce that 't is commonly sold by weight not only at Oxford but other towns in the northern parts of the shire b To follow our Author Burford Buâ—ford in Saxon Beorgford not Beorford as it is famous for the battel mention'd by our Author fought probably on the plaâ—e call'd Battle-edge west of the town so also for a Council conven'd there by the Kings Etheldred and Berthwald An. 685. at which among many others Aldhelm Abbot of Malmsbury afterwards Bishop of Shirburne being present was commanded by the Synod to write a Book against the error of the Brittish Churches in the observation of Easter Which I the rather take notice of here because Sir Henry Spelman calls it only Synodus Merciana An. 705. without fixing any certain place or the exact time whereas both are evident from ‖ De Pontif. lib. 5. Malmsbury and the Leiger-book of that Abby There has been a Custom in the town * Plot. p. 349. of making a Dragon yearly and carrying it up and down the streets in a great jollity on Midsummer-eve which is the more remarkable because it seems to bear some relation to what our Author says of Cuthred's taking from the enemy a banner wherein was painted a golden Dragon only to the Towns-men's Dragon there is a Giant added for what reason not known c Next is Ensham Ensham in Saxon Egonesham the eminence whereof in those times is confirm'd by the early mention of it and by Aethelred's Charter mention'd by our Author which terms it Locus celebris Here it was that in the year 1009. the same King Aethelred by the advice of Alphege Arch-bishop of Canterbury and Wulstan Arch-bishop of York held a General Council wherein many Decrees were establisht relating to the government of Church and State it is call'd by †Concil â— â— p. 510. Sir Henry Spelman Aenham c Our next guide is the river Evenlode not far from which near Chastleton is a Fortification which the learned Dr. Plot imagines might be cast up about the year 1016. when Edmund Ironside met Canute the Dane Châ—stâ—eton but if that conjecture be built purely upon its being near the Four-shire-stone which generally goes for the old dceorstan where the battle was fought the place of the battle being ‖ See Aâ—â—â— to Wâ—tshire undeâ— Shâ—râ—â—â— as it probably ought remov'd from this place that opinion is destroy'd d More to the North is the Monument of Roll-rich R ll-rich-stones * Plot. p. â—â— a single Circle of stones without Epistyles or Architraves and of no very regular figure †〈◊〉 Except one or two the rest of them are not above four foot and a half high What the
an honourable series of Earls and Lords are descended From hence passing through Earls-Coln so call'd by reason of its being the burying place of the Earls of Oxford where Aubry de Vere 24 In the time of King Henry 1. founded a small Convent and took himself a religious habit it goes on to Colonia which Antoninus mentions and makes a different place from Colonia Camaloduni Whether this Colonia Colonia be deriv'd from the same word signifying a Colony or from the river Coln let Apollo determine k For my part I am more inclin'd to the latter opinion since I have seen several little towns that adding the name of Coln to that of their respective Lords are call'd Earls-Coln Wakes-Coln Coln-Engain Whites-Coln This city the Britains call'd Caer Colin the Saxons Coleceaster and we Colchester Colchester 'T is a beautiful populous and pleasant place extended on the brow of an hill from West to East surrounded with walls and adorn'd with 15 Parish-Churches besides that large Church which Eudo Sewer to Henry 1. built in honour of St. John This is now turn'd into a private house In the middle of the city stands a castle ready to fall with age Historians report it to have been built by Edward son to Aelfred when he repair'd Colchester which had suffer'd very much in the wars 25 And long after Maud the Empress gave it to Alberic Vere to assure him to her party But that this city flourish'd even more than ever in the time of the Romans abundance of their coins found every day fully evince l Though I have met with none ancienter than Gallienus the greatest part of them being those of the Tetrici Victorini Posthumus C. Carausius Helena mother to Constantine the Great Constantine and the succeeding Emperours The inhabitants glory that Fl. Julia Helena mother to Constantine the Great was born in this city daughter to King Coelus And in memory of the Cross which she found they bear for their arms a Cross enragled between four Crowns Of her and of this city thus sings Alexander Necham though with no very lucky vein Effulsit sydus vitae Colcestria lumen Septem Climatibus lux radiosa dedit Sydus erat Constantinus decus imperiale Serviit huic flexo poplite Roma potens A star of life in Colchester appear'd Whose glorious beams of light seven climats shar'd Illustrious Constantine the world's great Lord Whom prostrate Rome with awful fear ador'd The truth is she was a woman of a most holy life and of an unweary'd constancy in propagating the Christian Faith whence in old inscriptions she is often stiled PIISSIMA and VENERA-BILIS AUGUSTA Between this city where the Coln emptieth it self into the sea lyes the the little town of St. Osith the old name was * Cice by the Saxon Annals Chic Chic the present it receiv'd from the holy Virgin St. Osith S. Osithe who devoting her self entirely to God's service and being stabbed here by the Danish pyrates was by our ancestors esteem'd a Saint In memory of her Richard Bishop of London about the year 1120. built a Religious house and fill'd it with Canons Regular This is now the chief seat of the right honourable the Lords Darcy Barons Darcy of Chich. stiled Lords of Chich who were advanc'd to the dignity of Barons by Edward the sixth 26 When he created Sir Thomas Darcy his Councellor Vice-Chamberlain and Captain of the Guard Lord Darcy of Chich. m From hence is stretch'd out a vast shore as far as Nesse-point Nesse in Saxon Eadulphesness What was once found hereabouts let Ralph de Coggeshal tell you who wrote about 350 years ago In the time of King Richard on the sea-shore in a village call'd Edulfinesse were found two teeth of a Giant Giants of such a prodigious bigness that two hundred of such teeth as men ordinarily have now might be cut out of one of them These I saw at Cogshal and handled with great admiration Another I know not what Gigantick relique was found near this place in the beginning of Q. Elizabeth by the noble R. Candish I can't deny but there have been men of such extraordinary bulk and strength as to be accounted prodigies whom God as St. Austin tells us therefore produc'd in the world to show that comeliness of body and greatness of stature were therefore not to be esteem'd among the good things because they were common to the impious with the virtuous and religious Yet we may justly suspect what Suetonius hath observ'd that the vast joints and members of great beasts dugg up in other countries and in this kingdom too have been commonly term'd and reputed the bones of Giants Bones of Giants n From this point the shore runs back a little to the Stour's mouth famous for a sea-fight between the Saxons and Danes in the year 884. Here is now seated Harewich Harewiâ—â— a very safe harbour as the name imports for the Saxon Hare-Æ¿ic signifies as much as an haven or bay where an army may lye 27 The town is not great but well peopled fortified by art and nature and made more fencible by Queen Elizabeth The salt-water so creeketh about it that it almost insulateth it but thereby maketh the springs so brackish that there is a defect of fresh water whcih they fetch-some good way off o This is that Stour which parteth Essex and Suffolk and on this side runs by no memorable place only some fat pastures But not far from the spring of this river stands Bumsted which the family of the Helions held by Barony 28 From whom the Wentworths of Gosfield are descended And in those parts of this county which are opposite to Cambridgeshire lyes Barklow Barkl w. Old Baâ—rows famous for four great Barrows such as our ancestors us'd to raise to the memory of those Soldiers that were kill'd in battel and their bodies lost But when two others in the same place were dugg up and search'd we are told that they found three stone Coffins and abundance of pieces of bones in them The Country-people have a tradition that they were rais'd after a battel with the Danes And the †Wall-wort or Dwarf-elder that grows hereabouts in great plenty and bears red berries they call by no other name but Dane's-blood Danes-blood denoting the multitude of Danes that were there slain Lower among the fields that look pleasantly with Saffron is seated g Call'd formerly Walden-burg and afterwards Cheping-Walden Walden Waldâ—â— a market-town call'd thence Saffron-Walden 29 Incorporated by King Edward 6. with a Treasurer two Chamberlains and the Commonalty It was famous formerly for the castle of the Magnavils which now scarce appears at all and for an adjacent little Monastery 30 Founded in a place very commodious in the year 1136. Commonly call'd Maâ—dâ—villeâ— in which the Magnavils founders of it lye interr'd Jeffrey de Magnaville was
and Thet are not very unlike 'T is now but thin peopled tho' pretty large and formerly a populous and famous place Besides other marks of it's Antiquity it shews a huge mote thrown up to a great height fortify'd with a double rampire and formerly too as they say with walls Some will have it to have been a work of the Romans but others are rather inclin'd to think it done by the Saxon Kings under whom it was in a flourishing condition for a long while But by the cruelty of Sueno the Dane who set it on fire in the year 1003. and that of the Danes who spoil'd it 6 years after it lost all it's dignity and grandeur To restore which Arfastus the Bishop remov'd his Episcopal See from Elmham to this place and his successor William spar'd neither cost nor pains for it's ornament so that under Edward the Confessor there were reckon'd in it 947 Burgesses And in the time of William the Conquerour it had 720 mansions whereof 224 stood empty and their chief Magistrate was stil'd Consul 1 Which name may intimate that it was a Roman town But when Herbert sirnam'd b Leasung in Saxon signifies a Lye or trick Losenga as being almost made up of lying and flattery the third Bishop that rais'd himself to this honour by ill arts and bribery had translated this See to Norwich it relaps'd as if come to it 's last period Nor did the Monastery of Cluniacks built there by his means make amends for the removal of the Bishop The house was built by Hugh Bigod as appears from what he says in his original Foundation-Charter I Hugh Bigod Steward to King Henry by his consent and the advice of Herbert Bishop of Norwich plac'd Cluniac-Monks in the Church of St. Mary lately the Episcopal See of Thetford which I gave them and afterwards founded them another more convenient without the village Then the greatest part of the City which had stood in the hither bank fell to decay by little and little but in the other part tho' that too fail'd very much about two ages since there were seven Churches besides three small Monasteries one whereof they say was built in memory of the English and Danes slain here For our Historians tell us that the most holy King Edmund a little before his death engag'd the Danes hard by for seven hours together not without vast loss on both sides and that at last they parted with equal success such effect had those frequent turns of fortune on both sides that it had made them altogether senseless NORFOLK By Robt. Morden The Yare has not run much towards the east till a little river Wentsum by others call'd Wentfar empties it self into it from the south Upon this near it's rise is a square entrenchment at Taiesborrough containing 24 Acres It seems to be an Encampment of the Romans possibly that which by the Chorographical Table publish'd by Mark Velser is call'd Ad Taum Higher up upon the same river formerly stood Venta Icenorum 〈◊〉 Iceâ—â—m the most flourishing City of this People but now it has lost the ancient name and is call'd Caster â—â—â—â—â—r Nor need we wonder that of the three Ventae in Britain this alone should have lost it's name when it has lost it's very being For now setting aside the broken walls which in a square contain about 30 acres the marks where the buildings have stood and some Roman Coins which they now and then dig up there is nothing left h But in after-ages Norwich at three miles distance had it's rise out of this standing near the confluence of Yare and another anonymous river call'd by some Bariden which in a long course 11 By Fakenham which K. Hen. 1. gave to Hugh Capel and K. John afterward to the Earl of Arundel with it's dinted and winding banks comes this way by Attilbridge leaving Horsford â—â—â—sfâ—â—d to the north where the Castle of William de Casinet or Cheney who in the reign of Hen. 2. was a chief man among the Nobility lies overgrown with bushes and brambles The Norwich â—â—â—wich above-mention'd is a famous City call'd in Saxon Norðƿic i.e. the northern bay or bosom if Æ¿ic in Saxon signifies a bay or winding 〈◊〉 what â—â—gnâ—fâ—es â—â—â—g the 〈◊〉 as Rhenanus has told us for here the river runs along with crooked windings or the northern Station if Æ¿ic as Hadrianus Junius will have it signifie a secure Station where the houses are built close one to another or else the northern castle if Æ¿ic as 12 Archbishop Alfrick the Saxon has affirm'd denote a Castle i But if I should imagine with some that Norwich were the same with Venta what were it but a downright renouncing Truth For it has no better title to the name of Venta than either Basil has to that of Augusta â—â—â—usta or Baldach to Babilonia â—â—â—coâ—â— Namely as this latter rose upon the fall of Babilonia and the former upon that of Augusta just so our Norwich grew up long after the decay of the ancient Venta Which appears from it's British name in Authors Caer Guntum wherein as in the river Wentsum or Wentfar we find the plain remains of the name Venta For the name of Norwich does not appear in any Writer before the time of the Danish wars So far is it from having been built either by Caesar or Guiteline the Britain as some fabulous Authors tell you who swallow every thing that comes without either consideration or judgment However at present upon account of it's wealth populousness neatness of buildings beautiful Churches with the number of them for it has a matter of 30 Parishes as also the industry of it's Citizens Loyalty to their Prince and Civility to Foreigners it is to be reckon'd among the most considerable Cities in Britain It 's Latitude is 52 degrees 40 minutes the Longitude 24 degrees 55 minutes 'T is pleasantly seated long-ways on the side of an hill reaching from south to north a mile and a half the breadth of it is hardly half so much and towards the south it draws it self in as it were by little and little like a Cone It is fortify'd with walls that have a great many turrets and eleven gates on all sides except the east which the river defends with a deep chanel and steep banks after it has with it's winding reach wash'd the northern part where 't is made passable by four bridges In the infancy as it were of this City and the reign of King Etheldred a Prince of no manner of policy or conduct Sweno the Dane who invaded England with a great army first spoil'd and then burnt it Notwithstanding which it recover'd it self and as appears by the Conquerour's Survey-book in the reign of Edward the Confessor reckon'd 1320 Burgesses At which time to use the expression of that Book it paid 20 pound to the King and 10 to the Earl and beside that 20
shillings 4 Prebendaries 6 Sextaries of honey and ‖ Ursum sex canes ad ursum a bear with 6 dogs to bait him Now it pays 70 pound by weight to the King a hundred shillings * De Gersuma as a fine to the Queen with an ambling Palfrey 20 pound †Blancas blank also to the Earl and 20 shillings fine by tale In the reign of William 1. this was the seat of a Civil war which Ralph Earl of the East-Angles rais'd against that King For after he had escap'd by flight his wife along with the Armorican Britains endur'd a close siege till for want of provisions she was forc'd to get off and quit her Country And at that time the City was so impair'd that as appears by the same Domesday there were scarce 560 Burgesses left in it Lanfrank Archbishop of Canterbury mentions this surrender in a Letter to King William in these words Your kingdom is purg'd from the infection of the Britains or Armoricans the Castle of Norwich is surrender'd and the Britains that were in it and had lands here in England upon granting them life and limb have took an oath to depart your Dominions within forty days and never to return more without your special licence From that time forward it began by little and little to recover it self out of this deluge of miseries and Bishop Herbert whose reputation had suffer'd much by Simoniacal practices translated the Episcopal See from Thetford hither He built a very beautiful Cathedral on the east and lower part of the City in a place till then call'd Cow-holme near the Castle the first stone whereof in the reign of William Rufus and year of our Lord 1096. he himself laid with this Inscription DOMINUS HERBERTUS POSUIT PRIMUM LAPIDEM IN NOMINE PATRIS FILII ET SPIRITUS SANCTI AMEN That is Lord Bishop Herbert laid the first stone in the name of the Father the Son and Holy Ghost Amen Afterwards he procur'd a Licence from Pope Paschal to confirm and establish it the mother-Church of Norfolk and Suffolk and endow'd it liberally with lands sufficient for the maintenance of 60 Monks who had their neat and curious Cloysters But these were remov'd and a Dean six Prebendaries with others put in their places After the Church thus built and an Episcopal See plac'd here it became a Town as Malmsbury has it famous for Merchandise and number of Inhabitants And in the 17th of King Stephen as we read in some ancient Records Norwich was built anew was a populous town and made a Corporation That King Stephen also granted it to his Son William for an Appennage as they call it or inheritance is very evident from the publick Records But Henry the second took it from him and held it himself notwithstanding Henry his Son the Junior-King as they call'd him when he endeavour'd after the Crown had promis'd it in large terms to Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk whom he had drawn over to his party Bigod however adhering to the young King who could not over-rule his eager hopes of the Crown with Justice and Equity miserably harrass'd this City and is thought to have rebuilt that Castle on the high hill near the Cathedral within the City encompast with a trench of such vast depth that in those times it was lookt upon as impregnable But Lewis of France under whom the rebellious Barons had joyn'd against King John easily took it by siege The reason why I fancy Bigod repair'd the Castle is because I observ'd Lions saliant cut in a stone in the same manner as the Bigods formerly us'd them in their seals of whom tho' there was one that made use of a Cross And this was the condition of Norwich in its infancy But in the next age it increas'd mightily and abounded with wealthy Citizens who by a humble petition in Parliament desir'd liberty of Edward the first to wall their City round and afterwards accordingly did it to the great strength and ornament of it †They obtain'd of King Richard the second that the Worsted made there might be transported In the year 1403. they obtain'd leave of Henry the fourth instead of Bailiffs which they had before to elect a Mayor yearly and in the very heart of the City near the market-place built a most beautiful Town-house which on the set days are furnisht with all manner of provisions 'T is partly indebted to the Netherlands who after they could no longer endure the tyranny of the Duke of ‖ Albani Alva nor the bloody Inquisition setting up flockt hither in great numbers and first brought in the manufacture of * Of Saies Baies and other Stuffs now much in use light worsted stuffs ‖ Levidenâ—ium quorundam pannorum But why am I so long upon these matters when they are all with the History of the Bishops the succession of their Magistrates and the fury of that villanous rebel Kett against this City very elegantly describ'd by Alexander Nevil a person eminent both for birth and learning I will only add that in the year 1583. the Citizens by the help of * Instrumento Hydragogico an artificial Instrument convey'd water through pipes into the highest part of the City And here I could summon both Polydore Virgil the Italian and Angelus Capellus the Frenchman to answer before the Tribunal of venerable Antiquity how they come to affirm that our old Ordovices who liv'd almost under another Hemisphere inhabited this Norwich I could bring the same Action against our Country-man Caius but that I am satisfy'd 't was nothing but a natural love of his native Country that blinded the learned old man And I have nothing more to add about Norwich unless you have a mind to run over these verses made upon it by John Johnston a Scotchman Urbs speciosa situ nitidis pulcherrima tectis Grata peregrinis delitiosa suis Bellorum sedes trepido turbante tumultu Tristia Neustriaco sub duce damna tulit Victis dissidiis postquam caput ardua coelo Extulit immensis crevit opima opibus Cultus vincit opes cultum gratia rerum Quam benè si luxus non comitetur opes Omnia sic adeò sola haec sibi sufficit ut si Fo rs regno desit haec caput esse queat A town whose stately piles and happy seat Her Citizens and Strangers both delight Whose tedious siege and plunder made her bear In Norman troubles an unhappy share And feel the sad effects of dreadful war These storms o'reblown now blest with constant peace She saw her riches and her trade increase State here by wealth by beauty wealth 's out-done How blest if vain excess be yet unknown So fully is she from her self supply'd That England while she stands can never want an head From Norwich the river Yare with the increase of other waters that take the same name rowls on in a winding chanel and abounds with the fish call'd a
an ancient family but now of execrable memory for a most cruel and horrible plot never parallel'd in any age which Robert Catesby of Ashby St. Leger the dishonour of his family running headlong upon villanies gaping after the most detestable cruelties and impiously conspiring the destruction of his Prince and Country lately contriv'd under a specious pretext of Religion Of this let all ages be silent and let not the mention of it convey this scandal to posterity which we our selves cannot reflect on without horrour nay the dumb and inanimate Beings seem to be moved at the hainousness of such a villanous conspiracy Hard by is Fawesley Faweâ—â—â— where the Knightleys have long dwelt adorn'd with the honour of Knighthood descended from the more ancient family of Knightley of Gnowshall in Staffordshire And more eastward upon the Nen whose chanel as yet is but small stands Wedon on the street Wedâ—◠〈◊〉 the Street once the royal seat of Wolpher K. of the Mercians and converted into a Monastery by his daughter Werburg a most holy Virgin whose miracles in driving away Geese from hence some credulous writers have very much magnified I shou'd certainly wrong truth shou'd I not think tho' I have been of a contrary opinion that it is this Wedon which Antonine in his Itinerary calls Bannavenna Bennavenna Bennaventa Bannâ—â—na 〈◊〉 Isaâ—â—â—na 〈◊〉 naâ—â—â— and once corruptly Isannaventa notwithstanding there remain not now any express footsteps of that name so much does length of time darken and change every thing For the distance from the ancient Stations and Quarters on both sides exactly agrees and in the very name of Bannavenna the name of the river Aufona Avenna now Nen the head whereof is near it in some measure discovers it self Likewise a Military-way goes directly from hence northward with a Causey oft broken and worn away but most of all over-against Creke a village where of necessity it was joyn'd with bridges but elsewhere it appears with a high ridge as far as Dowbridge near Lilborne A little more northward I saw Althorp â—â—â—â—p the seat of the noted family of the Spencers Knights allied to very many Houses of great worth and honour out of which Sir Robert Spencer the fifth Knight in a continued succession a worthy encourager of virtue and learning was by his most serene Majesty K. James lately advanced to the honour of Baron Spencer of Wormleighton Hard by Althorp Holdenby-house 〈…〉 â—â—denby makes a noble appearance a stately and truly magnificent piece of building erected by Sir Christopher Hatton 〈◊〉 Christoâ—er Hatâ—◠〈◊〉 died 〈◊〉 1591. Privy Counsellour to Qu. Elizabeth Lord Chancellour of England and Knight of the Garter upon the lands and inheritance of his great grandmother heir of the ancient family of the Holdenbys for the greatest and last monument as himself afterwards was wont to say of his youth A person to say nothing of him but what is his due eminent for his piety towards God his love for his Country his untainted integrity and unparallel'd charity One also which is not the least part of his character that was always ready to encourage Learning Thus as he liv'd piously so he fell asleep piously in Christ Yet the monument the learned in their writings have rais'd to him shall render him more illustrious than that most noble and splendid tomb in St. Paul's Church London deservedly and at great charges erected to the memory of so great a person by Sir William Hatton Kt. his adopted son Beneath these places the Nen glides forward with a gentle small stream and is soon after encreas'd by the influx of a little river where at the very meeting of them the City called after the river Northafandon and in short Northampton â—orthampâ—â—n is so seated that on the west-side it is water'd with this river and on the south with the other Which I was of late easily induced to imagine the ancient Bannaventa but I err'd in my conjecture and let my confession atone for it As for the name it may seem to have had it from the situation upon the north-side of the Aufona The City it self which seems to have been all of stone is in it's buildings very neat and fine for compass large enough and wall'd about from which walls there is a noble prospect every way into a spacious plain Country On the west-side it hath an old Castle 10â—5 â—egister of Andrews beautiful even by it's antiquity built by Simon de Sancto Licio commonly call'd Senliz the first of that name Earl of Northampton who joyned likewise to it a beautiful Church dedicated to St. Andrew for his own sepulture and as 't is reported re-edified the town Simon the younger also his son founded without the town ‖ De Pratis De la Pree a Nunnery It seems to have lain dead and neglected during the Saxon Heptarchy neither have our Writers made any where mention of it in all those depredations of the Danes unless it was when Sueno the Dane with barbarous fury and outrage ravag'd all over England For then as Henry of Huntingdon reports it was set on fire and burnt to the ground In the reign of St. Edward there were in this City as we find in Domesday 60 Burgesses in the King 's Domain having as many Mansions of these in King William 1.'s time 14 lay waste and 47 remained Over and above these there were in the new Borough 40 Burgesses in the Domain of K. William After the Normans time it valiantly withstood the siege laid to it by the Barons during the troubles and slaughters with which they had then embroil'd the whole Kingdom Who being maliciously bent against King John for private and particular reasons did yet so cloak them with pretences of Religion and the common good â—â—â—rtitus 〈◊〉 that they termed themselves The Army of God and of Holy Church At which time they say that military work was made they call Hunshill But it stood not out with like success against Hen. 3. their lawful King as it did against those Rebels For when the Barons brought up and now inur'd to sedition begun a war against him in this place he made a breach in the wall and soon won it by assault After this as before also the Kings now and then held their Parliaments here for the conveniency of its situation as it were in the very heart of England and in the year of Christ 1460. a lamentable battel was here fought wherein such was the Civil division of England after the slaughter of many of the Nobility Richard Nevill Earl of Warwick took that most unfortunate Prince King Hen. 6. then a second time made Prisoner by his subjects To conclude the longitude of Northampton our Mathematicians make 22 deg 29 min. and the latitude 52 deg 13 min. d From hence the Nen hastens by Castle-Ashby where Henry Lord Compton has begun a very fine House near which is
with its Fairs Richard Harecourt obtain'd from King Edward 1. e The battel was fought at three miles distance from this town but because this was the most remarkable it was therefore said to be at Bosworth-field Mr. Burton Hist of Leicestershire p. 47. has given us several remains of that engagement as pieces of armour arrow-heads c. digg'd up there Near this town within the memory of our grandfathers the right of the Crown of England happen'd to be finally determin'd by a battel For there Henry Earl of Richmond with a small body of men gave battel to Richard the third who in a most wicked manner had usurp'd the Crown and whilst for the liberty of his Country Henry with his party valiantly expos'd himself to death he happily overcame and slew the Tyrant and in the midst of blood and slaughter was with joyful acclamations saluted King having by his valour deliver'd England from the dominion of a tyrant and by his prudence eas'd the nation from the disquiet of civil dissentions d Hereupon Bernardus Andreas a Poet of Tholouse who liv'd in those days in an Ode to Henry 7. alludes thus to the Roses which were the †Insignia Device of that King Ecce nunc omnes posuere venti Murmura praeter Zephyrum tepentem Hic Rosas nutrit nitidósque flores Veris amoeni Now the rough tempests all have breath'd their last All winds are hush't except the gentle west By whose kind gales are blushing Roses blown And happy spring with all its joys comes on Other things worthy our mention near this way we do not meet with unless it be at a greater distance f This place is largely desrib'd by Mr. Burton in his History of Leicestershire p. 16. Ashby de la Zouch Ashby Barons Zouch of Ashby a most pleasant town now belonging to the Earls of Huntingdon formerly to Alan de la Zouch 7 Who descended from Alan Viscount of Rohan in Little-Britain and Constantia his wife daughter to Conan le Grosse Earl of Britain and Maud his wife the natural daughter of Henry the first a Baron who bore for his arms on a Shield Gules 10 Bezants This man having marry'd one of the heiresses of Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester in her right came to a great estate in this County but having commenced a suit against John Earl of Warren who chose rather to determine the matter by Sword than by Law he was kill'd by him in the King's-hall at Westminster An. 1279. And some few years after the daughters and heirs of his Nephew convey'd this estate by their marriages into the families of Seymour 8 Of Castle Cary. and Holland Hollands 9 Yet their father first bestow'd this Ashby upon Sir Richard Mortimer of Richards-castle his Cousin whose youger issue thereupon took the surname of Zouch and were Lords of Ashby But from Eudo a younger son of Alane who was slain in Westminster-hall the Lords Zouch of Haringworth branch'd out and have been for many descents Barons of the Realm But this town came afterwards to the family of Hastings who have here a very magnificent seat of which family William procured from Henry the sixth the privilege of certain Fairs Nor ought I to pass over in silence Cole-Overton â—â—â—ton the seat of H. de Bellomont or Beaumont 10 Descended from Sir Thomas Beaumont Lord of Bachevill in Normandy brother to the first Viscount Which Sir Thomas as some write was he who was slain manfully fighting at such time as the French recover'd Paris from the English in the time of King Henry the sixth branch'd from that famous family of the Viscounts de Bellomont It hath a name of distinction from Pit-Coles 〈◊〉 Coles being a bituminous earth harden'd by nature and here to the Lord of the Manour's great profit digg'd up in such plenty as to supply the neighbouring Country all about with firing The river Soar as I have already observ'd cuts through the middle of this County which rising not far from the Street-way and encreasing with the addition of many running waters flows gently Northward and in its course passes by the West and North-sides of the principal town of the Shire call'd by Author's g In the Saxon it has several names according to the several Copies Legerceaster Ligoraceaster Lygraceaster Legraceaster Legoraceaster In reading our ancient Histories it ought to be carefully distinguish'd from the British Caerlegion or Caerleon West-Chester which is nam'd Legeceaster Legaceaster and by middle ag'd writers Legacestre See a large description of this place in Mr. Burton's Antiquities of Leicestershire p. 160 c. Lege-cestria Leogora Legeo-cester and Leicester Leicester It is a place that shows great antiquity and no less beauty in its buildings In the year 680 when Sexwulph by King Ethelred's order divided the kingdom of the Mercians into Dioceses he plac'd here a Bishop's seat and became himself the first Bishop of this See But after few years the See being translated to another place that dignity determin'd and the reputation of the town by little and little decay'd till Edelfleda a noble Lady in the year after our Saviour's nativity 914 repair'd and fortify'd the place with new walls so that Matthew Paris in his Lesser History writes thus Legecestria is a most wealthy city and encompast with an indissoluble wall of which if the foundation were strong and good the place would be inferiour to no city whatsoever At the coming in of the Normans it was well peopled and frequented and had many Burgesses Twelve of whom as we find recorded in William the first 's Book were by ancient Tenure to go with the King as often as he went to war But in case he made an expedition by sea then they sent four horses as far as London for the carriage of arms or other necessaries This town paid to the King yearly thirty pounds by tale and twenty in Ore 11 That is by weight and five and twenty h A measure containing our pint and a half or in weight 24 ounces Sextaries of Honey i This as Mr. Burton observes was done by Richard Lucie Lord Chief Justice of England to whom the government of this nation was committed the King then being absent in Ireland A. D. 1173. But in the time of Henry the second it was oppress'd with great miseries and the walls demolisht when Robert sirnam'd Bossu that is Crook-back Earl of Leicester endeavour'd an insurrection against his Prince Which Matthew Paris delivers in these words For the contumacy of Earl Robert in opposing the King the noble city of Leicester was besieged and ruin'd by King Henry and the wall which seem'd indissoluble thrown down to the very foundation quite round Let me add out of the said Lesser History That the walls being faulty in the foundations when they were undermin'd and the props burnt that supported them fell in great pieces which remain
occasion to derive it from hay seem to lye under the same inconvenience in that the soil does not favour either of these or at least not so much as to render the place eminent for them I would not willingly go any farther than the Saxon heah deep the remains whereof our Northern parts still retain in their how which they use for deep or low and the breakings in of the sea with the banks made against it sufficiently declare how much the nature of the place contributes towards this conjecture c Upon the confines of Norfolk lyes Tydd Tydd a small village but famous for the once Rector of it Nicholas Breakspear who planted Christianity in Norway for which good service to the Church he was afterwards made Cardinal and in the year 1154 Pope under the name of Hadrian the fourth d To endeavour the discovery of any thing that looks like Roman hereabouts would be a search as fruitless as unreasonable and for its condition in the Saxon times Ingulphus fully answers that whose history no doubt is the best intelligence for those parts For which reasons we shall take leave of it and go along with our Author into the second part of this County having first observ'd that this as well as Lindsey division has had its Earls and gave title to Henry Rich Lord Kensington created Earl of Holland Apr. 3. 22 Jac. 1. He was succeeded by Robert his son who had the additional title of Earl of Warwick by the death of Charles Rich Earl of that place his Cousin-german Whereupon both titles are at present enjoy'd by the right honourable Edward Rich stil'd Earl of Warwick and Holland e Kesteven Kesteven Mr. Camden observes is call'd by Aethelwerd Ceostefne Sylva the wood Ceostefne The reason of it is this because there was really a great forest at this end of the division where now are the large fenns call'd Deeping-Fenns c. A plain argument whereof is that the trunks of trees are dugg up in several ditches thereabouts which lye cover'd some two foot with a light black mold And Mr. Neal to whom the world is indebted for this and other discoveries in this County tells me that in a ditch of his own just at the edge of the fenns there was about 12 years ago several trunks of trees lying in the bottom and in another place as many acorns turn'd out of one hole as would fill a hat very firm and hard but colour'd black and now there is no tree standing near that place by a mile except here and there a willow lately set The same Gentleman assures me he has by him the copy of the Exemplification of the Letters Patents of Jac. 1. dated at Westminster Febr. 15. in the fifth of his reign over England and over Scotland the 41. wherein he recites by way of Inspeximus the Letters Patents of Henry 3. dated at Portsmouth the 23d of April in the 14th of his reign who thereby disafforested the said forest of Kesteven in perpetuum which was also confirm'd by the Letters Patents of Edward the third in the 20th of his reign wherein the said forest is butted and bounded to extend on one side from Swafton to East-Deeping as Caresdike extends it self which is a dike running cross the top of the Fenns not only of Deeping-Fenn but also of that great fenn beyond the river Glen call'd Lindsey-level and on the other side it extends to the division call'd Holland f Having made our way into this division by a previous account why some old Authors call it a wood or forest whereas now there appearing no such thing the readers might be surpriz'd let us accompany Mr. Camden to Stanford Stanford the first remarkable place we meet with As to the Antiquity of it our English Historians afford us very large testimonies Henry Huntingdon lib. 5. pag 203. in his description of the wars between Edmund Ironside and the Danes calls it an ancient city and Ingulphus p. 515. tells us there were Terms held at Stamford and Hoveden in the book of Crowland p. 249. calls it Stamfordshire being a County-town and very commodious it is for that use this end of Lincolnshire adjoyning to it being 36 miles from Lincoln and the end of Northamtonshire next it on that side no less from Northamton which distance is a great inconvenience to the inhabitants so often as their business calls them to the Assizes Stow p. 131. tells us there was a Mint for coyning of money in Stamford-Baron in the time of King Athelstan but this probably was some privilege granted to the Abbots of Peterburrow for this is that parish that 's within Northamtonshire and is within a distinct liberty granted to the Abbots of Peterburrow g Mr. Neal before-mention'd has an old Manuscript fragment of an history that says Stamford was an University long before our Saviour's time and continued so till the year 300 when it was dissolv'd by the Pope for adhering to Arrius For the first founder of it that Author quotes Merlin a British Historian But whatever deference we pay to the authority of the History from the circumstances it seems pretty plain as the same Gentleman has observ'd that it must be of longer date than Ed. 3. For upon that quarrel mention'd by Mr. Camden which happen'd between the Southern and Northern Scholars the latter it seems came hither in Nov. 1333. and return'd to Oxford before 1334. so that their short stay could not allow them any great opportunities for building But here are still the remains of two Colleges one call'd Black-hall and the other Brazen-noze in the gate whereof is a great brazen Nose and a ring through it like that at Oxford And 't is evident that this did not take its pattern from Oxford but Oxford from it because Brazen-nose College in Oxford was not built before the reign of Henry the seventh and this is at least as old as Edw. 3. or probably older h So much for the University there The government of the town Mr. Camden tells us An Alderman and 24 Câ—â—burgâ—ers is by an Alderman and 24 Comburgenses When this begun is not so certain being much elder than the first Charter they have For there is a list of sixty upon the Court-Roll sworn there before the Incorporation viz. from 1398. to 1460. the first year of Edward the fourth So that Edward the fourth by his Charter seems rather to confirm an old custom than establish a new one 'T is very observable here that they have the Custom which Littleton the famous Common-Lawyer calls Burrough English Burroâ—g Eng â—â— viz. the younger sons inherit what Lands or Tenements their fathers dye possess'd of within this Manour i My Lord Burghley founded a Hospital here but when Mr. Camden says he is bury'd in the Parish-Church of S. George in Stamford it is a mistake for he lyes in S. Martin's Church in Stamford-Barron which is in Northamptonshire k After the death of
Parliament that separates that Dutchy from the Crown of England King Hen. 4. grants Quascunque alias libertates jura Regalia ad Comitatum Palatinum pertinentia adeo liberè integrè sicut Comes Cestriae infrà eundem Comitatum Cestriae dignoscitur obtinere Which ancient reference proves plainly that the County of Chester was esteem'd the most ancient and best setled Palatinate in this Kingdom And although the Bishop of Durham doth in ancient Plea lay claim to Royal jurisdiction in his Province à tempore conquestûs anteà yet it is evident that not Durham it self much less Ely Hexamshire or Pembroke was erected into a County Palatine before Chester And as this is the most ancient so is it the most famous and remarkable Palatinate in England insomuch that a late Author Bâ—cman who usually mistakes in English affairs says of Cheshire Comitatui singulare est quòd Titulum Palatinatus gerat solis Germanis alià s notum b Having premis'd thus much concerning the nature of Palatinates let us enter upon the County it self wherein the river Dee first leads us to Banchor Banâ—hâ—â— famous for the Monastery there But before we go any farther it will be necessary to arm the reader against a mistake in * Mâ—â— i◠〈…〉 Poâ—â—â—â—â— Malmesbury who confounds this with the Episcopal seat in Caernarvonshire call'd Bangor whereas as Mr. Burton observes the latter was like a Colony drawn out of the former That Gildas the most ancient of our British writers was a member of this place we have the authority of Leland but upon what grounds he thinks so is not certain †Bâ—â— Eâ—â—â—â— lib. â— As for Dinothus he was undoubtedly Abbot there and sent for to meet Austin at the Synod which he call'd here in this Island Whether Pelagius the Heretick beiong'd also to this place as Camden intimates is not so certain Ranulphus Cestrensis tells us in his time it was thought so by some people ‖ Pâ—â—câ—◠〈◊〉 c. 3 Tradunt nonnulli c. and John of Tinmouth in the life of St. Alban expresly says that he was Abbot here But this man's relation to the place is not like to derive much honour upon it the remains of Roman and British Antiquity that have been discover'd there by the Plough-men for now the place is all corn-fields are a much greater testimony of it's ancient glory * Lâ—â—â— Such are the bones of Monks and vestures squar d stones Roman coyns and the like c From hence the river Dee runs to Chester the various names whereof are all fetch'd from the affairs of the Romans the British from the Legion and the Saxon Ceaster from the Fortifications made in that place upon account of the Legion being there quarter'd That the Legio xx was there is agreed on all hands but by what name it was call'd or when it came over are points not so certain but they may admit of some dispute For the first it is generally call'd Legio Vicesima Victrix and Camden assents to it but that seems to be defective if we may depend upon the authority of an old Inscription upon an Altar digg'd up in Chester A. D. 1653. and compar'd with what Dio has said of this Legion The Inscription is this I. O. M. TANARO T. ELVPIVS GALER PRAESENS GWTA PRI·LEG·XXW COMMODO · ET LATERANO COS. V. S. L. M. Which I read thus Jovi Optimo Maximo Tanaro Titus Elupius Galerius Praesens Gubernator Principibus Legionis Vicesimae Victricis Valeriae Commodo Laterano Consulibus Votum solvit lubens merito For if that Legion was call'd simply Vicesima Victrix what occasion was there for doubling the V To make it Vigesima quinta would be a conjecture altogether groundless and yet if the first V denote Victrix the second must signifie something more 'T is true Mr. Camden never saw this Altar yet another he had seen which was digg'd up at Crowdundal-waith in Westmorland should have oblig'd him not to be too positive that those who thought it might be call'd Valens Victrix or Valentia Victrix were necessarily in an errour VARONIV ......... ECTVS LEG XX. V. V. c. Here also we see the V. is doubl'd Whether the latter signifie Valeria will best appear out of Dio that great Historian who in his recital of the Roman Legions preserv'd under Augustus hath these words concerning the 20th Legion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The 20th Legion saith Dio which is also call'd Valeria and Victrix is now in Upper-Britain which Augustus preserv'd together with the other Legion that hath the name of Vicesima and hath it's winter-quarters in Lower-Germany and neither now is nor then was usually and properly call'd Valeria Mr. Burton is induc'd by the Westmorland-monument to make an addition to Victrix and sets down Valens but why this passage should not have induc'd him rather to make choice of Valeria I confess I perceive no â—eason For first the distinction he makes between the Vicesima in Britain and that in Germany is plain not only from the natural constâ—uction of the words but likewise because Dio's 19 Legions which were kept entire by Augustus cannot otherwise be made up Next supposing this distinction 't is very evident that he positively applies the name Valeria to the first and as plainly denies that the second ever had that title And why should not we as well allow the name of Valeria to this as we do to other Legions the additional titles of Ulpia Flavia Claudia Trajana Antoniana The second head When this Legion came over or when they were here settl'd cannot be precisely determin'd That this was a Colony settl'd by Julius Caesar as Malmesbury seems to affirm implies what never any one dreamt of that Julius Caesar was in those territories Giving an account of the name Caerlegion he lays down this reason of it quod ibi emeriti Legionum Julianarum resedere The learned 4 Selden would excuse the Monk by reading Militarium for Julianarum 〈◊〉 ad 〈…〉 but that his own ancient Manuscript would not allow To bring him off the other way by referring Julianarum not to Caesar but Agricola who in Vespasian's time had the sole charge of the British affairs seems much more plausible Before that time we find this Legion mention'd by Tacitus in the Lower-Germany and their boisterous behaviour there And in Nero's time the same Author acquaints us with their good services in that memorable defeat which Suetonius Paulinus gave to Queen Boadicia So that whenever they might settle at Chester to repel the incursions of the active Britains it plainly appears they came over before Galba's time from the reign of which Emperour notwithstanding Mr. Camden dates their landing here Another Altar was found at Chester with this Inscription It was discover'd by the Architect in digging for a Cellar in the house of Mr. Heath and was view'd and delineated by Mr. Henry Prescott a curious Gentleman of that city to whom we are
IMP. M AURELIO ANTONINO AVC SEVER LVCII FILIO LEC. IIV VG P sic Together with these two fragments Centurio c This was lately in the School-wall at Kaêr Lheion but is now rased out †7. VECILIANA d This is in the Garden-wall at Moin's Court but the first line VIII and this character 7. are not visible See Reines Syntag. Inscr pag. 977. VIII 7. VALER MAXSIMI f Here also about the time of the Saxon Conquest was an Academy of 200 Philosophers who being skill'd in Astronomy and other Sciences observ'd accurately the courses of the Stars as we are informed by Alexander Elsebiensis a very scarce Author out of whom much has been transcrib'd for my use by the learned Thomas James Tho. James of Oxford who may deservedly be stiled 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as one that is wholly intent upon Books and Learning and is at present God prosper his endeavours out of a desire of promoting the publick good busily employ'd in searching the Libraries of England on a design that is like to be of singular use to the Commonwealth of Learning In the time of K. Henry 2. when Giraldus writ this City seems to have been a place of considerable strength For we find that Yrwith of Kaer Lheion a courageous Britain defended it a long time against the English forces till at last being over-power'd by the King he was dispossest of it But now a fair instance that Cities as well as Men have their vicissitude and fortune that is become an inconsiderable small town which once was of so great extent on each side the river that they affirm St. Gilian's the house of the honourable Sir William Herbert a person no less eminent for wit and judgment than noble extraction to have been in the city and in that place the Church of Julius the Martyr is said to have stood which is now about a mile out of the town From the ruins also of this City Newport Newport had its beginning seated a little lower at the fall of the river Usk. By Giraldus 't is call'd Novus Burgus It is a town of later foundation and of considerable note for a Castle and a convenient harbour where there was formerly some Military-way mention'd by Necham in these verses Intrat auget aquas Sabrini fluminis Osca Praeceps testis erit Julia Strata mihi Increas'd with Usk does Severn rise As Julia Strata testifies That this Julia Strata was a way we have no reason to question and if we may be free to conjecture it seems not absurd to suppose it took its name from Julius Frontinus who conquer'd the Silures Not far from this Newburgh saith Giraldus there glides a small stream call'd Nant Pènkarn passable but at some certain fords not so much for the depth of its water as the hollowness of the chanel and deepness of the mud It had formerly a ford call'd Rhŷd Penkarn now of a long time discontinued Henry 2. King of England having by chance pass'd this ford the Welsh who rely too much upon old prophecies were presently discouraged because their Oracle Merlinus Sylvester had foretold that whenever a strong Prince with a freckled face such as King Henry was should pass that Ford the British Forces should be vanquish'd During the Saxon Heptarchy this County was subject to the Mountain-Welsh call'd by them Dun-settan Dun set who were yet under the government of the West-Saxons as appears by the ancient Laws At the first coming in of the Normans the Lords Marchers grievously plagued and annoy'd them especially the above-mention'd Hamelin Balun Hugh Lacy Walter and Gilbert de Clare 1 Miles of Glocester Robert Chandos Pain Fitz-John Richard Fitz-Punt and c. and Brien of Wallingford To whom the Kings having granted all they could acquire in these parts some of them reduced by degrees the upper part of this County which they call'd Over-Went and others the low lands call'd Nether-Went Parishes in this County 127. ADDITIONS to MONMOVTHSHIRE a MYnydh Kader mention'd by our Author is the name of many Mountains in Wales thus denominated as Kader Arthur Kader Verwin Kader Idris Kader Dhinmael Kader yr Ychen c. which the learned Dr. Davies supposes to have been so call'd not from their resemblance to a Kà dair or Chair but because they have been either fortified places or were look'd upon as naturally impregnable by such as first impos'd those names on them For the British Kader as well as the Irish word Kathair signifying anciently a Fort or Bulwark whence probably the modern word Kaer of the same signification might be corrupted b Lhan Lhan properly signifies a Yard or some small Inclosure as may be observ'd in compound words For we find a Vineyard call'd Gwin-lhan an Orchard Per-lhan a Hay-yard Yd-lhan a Church-yard Korph-lhan a Sheep-fold Kor-lhan c. However as Giraldus observes it denotes separately a Church or Chapel and is of common use in that sense throughout all Wales probably because such Yards or Inclosures might be places of Worship in the time of Heathenism or upon the first planting of Christianity when Churches were scarce c That this Jeffrey of Monmouth as well as most other Writers of the Monkish times abounds with Fables is not deny'd by such as contend for some authority to that History but that those Fables were of his own Invention seems too severe a censure of our Author's and scarce a just accusation since we find most or all of them in that British History he translated whereof an ancient copy may be seen in the Library of Jesus-College at Oxford which concludes to this effect Walter Arch-Deacon of Oxford composed this Book in Latin out of British Records which he afterwards thus render'd into modern British We find also many of the same Fables in Ninnius who writ his Eulogium Britanniae about three hundred years before this Galfridus Arturius compos'd the British History As to the regard due to that History in general the judicious Reader may consult Dr. Powel's Epistle De Britannica Historia rectè intelligenda and Dr. Davies's Preface to his British Lexicon and ballance them with the arguments and authority of those that wholly reject them Near Monmouth stands a noble House built by his Grace Henry Duke of Beaufort call'd Troy the residence of his eldest son Charles Marquiss of Worcester who is owner of it and of the Castle and Manour of Monmouth settled upon him with other large possessions in this County by the Duke his father e The English names of Went-set Wentse◠c. and Wents land have their origin from the British word Gwent whereby almost all this Country and part of Glocestershire and Herefordshire were call'd till Wales was divided into Counties But it seems questionable whether that name Gwent be owing to the City Venta or whether the Romans might not call this City Venta Silurum as well as that of the Iceni and that other of the Belgae
little guilty of that humour who were so very troublesom to their neighbours that Antoninus Pius dispossess'd them of a great part of their territories for no other reason as Pausanias tells us in these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i.e. Antoninus Pius depriv'd the Brigantes in Britain of much of their lands because they began to make incursions into Genounia a Region under the Jurisdiction of the Romans I hope none will construe this as a reproach for my part I should be unlike my self should I now go to scandalize any private person much less a whole Nation Nor was this indeed any reproach in that warlike age when all right was in the longest sword Robberies says Caesar among the Germans are not in the least infamous so they be committed without the bounds of their respective Cities and this they tell you they practise with a design to exercise their youth and to keep them from sloth and laziness Upon such an account also the Paeones among the Greeks had that name from being †Percussores Strikers or Beaters as the Quadi among the Germans Reâ—â—e Reâ—â—â— and also the Chaldaeans had theirs from being ‖ Grassatores Robbers and Plunderers When Florianus del Campo a Spaniard out of a piece of vanity carried the Brigantes out of Spain into Ireland and from thence into Britain Some Copies call those in Ireland Birgantes without any manner of grounds but that he found the City Brigantia in Spain I am afraid he carried himself from the Truth For if it may not be allow'd that our Brigantes and those in Ireland had the same name upon the same account I had rather with my learned friend Mr. Thomas Savil conjecture that some of our Brigantes with others of the British nations retir'd into Ireland upon the coming over of the Romans Some for the sake of ease and quietness others to keep their eyes from being witnesses of the Roman insolence and others again because that liberty which Nature had given them and their younger years had enjoy'd they would not now quit in their old age However that the Emperour Claudius was the first of all the Romans who made an attempt upon our Brigantes and subjected them to the Roman yoke may be gathered from these verses of Seneca Ille Britannos Ultra noti littora Ponti caeruleos Scuta Brigantes dare Romulaeis colla catenis Jussit ipsum nova Romanae jura securis Tremere Oceanum 'T was he whose all-commanding yoke The farthest Britains gladly took Him the Brigantes in blue arms ador'd When the vast Ocean fear'd his power Restrain'd with Laws unknown before And trembling Neptune serv'd a Roman Lord. Yet I have always thought that they were not then conquer'd but rather surrender'd themselves to the Romans because what he has mention'd in a Poetical manner is not confirm'd by Historians For Tacitus tell us that then Oslerius having new conquests in his eye was drawn back by some mutinies among the Brigantes and that after he had put some few to the sword he easily quieted the rest At which time the Brigantes were govern'd by Cartismandua Caâ—tismandua a noble Lady who deliver'd up King Caratacus to the Romans This brought in wealth and that Luxury so that laying aside her husband Venutius See The Romans in Britain Tacitus she marry'd Vellocatus his armour-bearer and made him sharer with her in the government This villany was the overthrow of her House and gave rise to a bloody war The City stood up for the Husband and the Queen's lust and cruelty for the Adulterer She by craft and artifice got Venutius's brother and nearest relations cut off Venutius could no longer brook this infamy but call'd in succours by whose assistance partly and partly by the defection of the Brigantes he reduc'd Cartismandua to the utmost extremity The Garisons Wings and Cohorts with which the Romans furnisht her brought her off in several battels yet so that Venutius kept the Kingdom and left nothing but the War to the Romans who could not subdue the Brigantes before the time of Vespasian For then Petilius Cerealis came against this People with whom he fought several battels not without much bloodshed and either wasted or conquer'd a great part of the Brigantes But whereas Tacitus has told us that this Queen of the Brigantes deliver'd Caratacus prisoner to Claudius and that he made up a part of Claudius's triumph it is a manifest * Fault in Time 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in that excellent Author as Lipsius that great Master of ancient Learning has long ago observ'd For neither was Caratacus Prince of the Silures in that triumph of Claudius nor yet Caratacus son of Cunobelin for so the Fasti call the same person that Dio names Catacratus over whom Aulus Plautius if not the same year at least the very next after †Ovans triumphavit triumph'd by way of Ovation But these things I leave to the search of others tho' something I have said of them before In the time of Hadrian when as Aelius Spartianus has it the Britains THE WEST RIDING of YORKSHIRE by Rob t Morden could no longer be kept under the Roman yoke our Brigantes seem to have revolted amongst the rest and to have rais'd some very notable commotion Else why should Juvenal who was a Cotemporary say Dirue Maurorum attegias castra Brigantum Brigantick forts and Moorish booths pull down And afterwards in the time of Antoninus Pius they seem not to have been over submissive since that Emperour as we observ'd dispossess'd them of part of their territories for invading the Province of Genunia or Guinethia on Allie of the Romans If I thought I should escape the Censure of the Criticks who presuming upon their wit and niceness do now-a-days take a strange liberty methinks I could correct an error or two in Tacitus relating to the Brigantes One is in the 12th book of his Annals where he writes that Venutius the person we just now mention'd belong'd to the City of the Jugantes è civitate Jugantum I would read it Brigantum which also Tacitus himself in the third Book of his History seems to confirm The other is in the Life of Agricola Brigantes says he foeminâ Duce exurere Coloniam c. i.e. the Brigantes under the conduct of a woman began to set fire to the Colony Here if we will follow the truth we are to read Trinobantes for he speaks of Queen Boodicia who had nothing to do with the Brigantes whereas 't was she that stir'd up the Trinobantes to rebellion and burnt the Colony * Maldon Camalodunum This large Country of the Brigantes grows narrower and narrower and is cut in the middle like Italy with the Appennine by a continu'd ridge of Mountains that separate the Counties into which it is at present divided For undâ—r these Mountains towards the East and the German Ocean lay Yorkshire and the Bishoprick of Durham
increase is owing partly to Michael de la Pole who upon his advancement to the Earldom of Suffolk by King Richard the second procur'd them their privileges and partly to their trade of Iseland-fish dâ—y'd and harden'd term'd by them Stock-fish Stockfish which turns to great gain and has strangely enrich'd the Town Immediately upon this rise they fortify'd the place with a brick wall and many towers on that side where they are not defended by the river and brought in such a quantity of stones for ballast Coblestones as was sufficient to pave all parts of the Town As I have been inform'd by the Citizens they were first govern'd by a Warden then by Bailiffs after that by a Mayor and Bailiffs and at last they obtain'd from Henry the sixth that they should be govern'd by a Mayor and Sheriff and that the City should be a County incorporate of it self as the Lawyers term it Concerning the first Mayor of this City it may not be tedious to relate this passage from the Register of the Abbey de Melsa or de Meaux tho' the stile be barbarous William de la Pole De la Pole Kt. was first a Merchant at Ravens-rod skilful in the arts of trade and inferiour to no English Merchant whatsoever He afterwards living at Kingston upon Hull was the first Mayor of that Town and founded the Monastery of St. Michael which now belongs to the Carthusian Monks near the said Kingston His eldest son 4 Sir Michael Michael de la Pole Earl of Suffolk caused the said Monastery to be inhabited by that Order William de la Pole aforesaid lent King Edward many thousand pounds of gold during his abode at Antwerp in Brabant For this reason the King made him chief Baron of his Exchequer gave him by Deed the Seigniory of Holderness with many other Lands then belonging to the Crown and made him a Baneret If any one questions the truth of this C 5 E R 3. m 28. the Records of the Tower will I hope fully satisfie him there it is expresly William de la Pole dilectus valectus mercator noster Now Valectus Valectus or Valettus J. Tilius that I may observe it once for all was then an honourable title both in France and England but afterwards coming to be meanly apply'd to servants so that the Nobility disliked it the title was changed and he was call d Gentleman of the Bed chamber h From Hull a large promontory shoots out into the Sea call'd by Ptolemy Ocellum Ocellum by us at this day Holderness Holderness A certain Monk has call'd it Cava Deira that is to say the hollow Country of the Deiri in the same sence that Coelosyria is so call'd signifying hollow Syria i The first place a man comes at on this winding shore is Headon Headon which formerly if we 'll believe Fame that always magnifies Truth was a very considerable place by reason of merchants and shipping k For my part I have faith enough to believe it notwithstanding 't is now so diminish'd partly by reason of its being too near Hull and partly because the Haven is block'd up and useless that it has not the least shew of that grandeur it pretends to have had Which may teach us that the condition of Towns and Cities is every jot as unstable as the state and happiness of men King John granted to Baldwin Earl of Albemarle and Holderness and to his wife Hawis free Burgage here so that the Burgesses might hold in free burgage by the same customs with York and * Nâ—â—â— Lincoln Nichol. At present the Town begins to flourish again and has some hopes of attaining to its former greatness Somewhat farther in the same Promontory there stands an ancient Town call'd Praetorium Praeâ—â—â—â—â— by Antoninus but we now name it Patrington Patâ—â—â—gâ— as the Italians do Petrovina from the Town Praetorium That I am not mistaken here the distance from Delgovitia and the name still remaining do both shew which also does in some sort imply that this is the Petuaria which goes corruptly in Copies of Ptolemy for Praetorium But whether it took the name from the Praetorium which was their Court of Justice or from some large and stately edifice for such also the Romans call'd Praetoria does not appear l The Inhabitants do still boast of their antiquity and the former excellence of their Haven nor do they less glory in the pleasantness of the place having a very fine prospect on this side as it looks toward the Ocean and on that as it surveys the Humber and the shores about it together with the green skirts of Lincolnshire The Roman way from the Picts wall which Antoninus the Emperour first trac'd out ends here So Ulpian tells us that High-ways of that nature end at the Sea at a River or at a City Somewhat lower stands Winsted Wâ—nâ—â—d the Seat of the Hildeards Knights and a little higher Rosse is seated which gives name as it did heretofore a seat to that famous race of Barons de Rosse Baron 〈◊〉 Rosse and upon the sea Grimston-garth where the Grimstons long flourish'd From hence at no great distance stands Rise formerly the House of those Noblemen call'd de Faulconberge In the very tongue of this Promontory where it draws most towards a point and takes the name of Spurnhead Ratâ—â—â— and Râ—â—burg stands the little village Kellnsey which shews plainly that this is the Ocellum in Ptolemy for as Kellnsey Keâ—â—â—ey comes from Ocellum so without doubt this Ocellum is deriv'd from Y-kill which signifies in British a Promontory or a narrow slip of ground as I have already said m From Ocellum the shore gradually withdraws and with a small bending runs northward by Overthorne and Witherensey little Churches call'd from the sisters that built them Sisters-kirks Sisters-kirks and not much wide of Constable-Burton Conâ—â—â—â— so nam'd from the Lords of it who by marriages are ally'd to very honourable families and flourish in great splendour at this day Robert of this House as we find it in Meaux-Abbey-book was one of the Knights of the Earl of Albemarle who being old and full of days took upon him the Cross and went with King Richard to the Holy Land Then by Skipsey which Drugo the first Lord of Holderness fortify'd with a Castle Here the shore begins to shoot again into the Sea and makes that Bay call'd in Ptolemy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gabrantovicorum which some Latin Translators render Portuosus sinus others Salutaris Sinus Sâ—â—taris Neither of them express the sence of the Greek word better than that little town in the turn of it call'd Suerby Sueâ—â—y For that which is safe and free from danger is by the Britains and Gauls call'd Seur as we also do in English who probably derive it from the Britains There 's no reason therefore why we should
then by Mask where there is great store of lead From thence by Richmondia commonly Richmond â—â—chmond the chief city of this Shire enclos'd with walls of no great compass yet by the sâ—burbs which shoot out in length to the three gates it is pretty populous It was built by Alan the first Earl who not daring to rely upon Gilling â—â—lling his village or manour hard by to withstand the assaults of the Saxons and Danes whom the Normans had strip'd of their inheritances grac'd it with this name signi ying a Rich Mount and fortify'd it with walls and a very strong castle situated upon a rock from whence it looks down upon the river Swale which with a great murmur seems to rush rather than run among the stones The village Gilling was rather holy upon the account of Religion than strong in respect of its fortifications ever since Oswius K. of Northumberland by the treachery of his Hospitis Host was slain in this place which is called by Bede Gethling To expiate whose murder a Monastery was built here which was highly esteem'd and honour'd by our ancestors More towards the north stands Ravenswath â—â—vensâ—â—th a castle encompass'd with a pretty large wall now ruinous which belonged to those Barons called Fitz-Hugh â—â—ron Fitz-â—â—gh descended from an old line of English who were Lords of this place before the Norman Conquest and flourish'd till the time of Henry 7. being enriched with great estates by marriages with the heirs of the famous families of the Forneaux and Marmions which went at last by females to the Fienes Lords Dacre in the South and to the Parrs Three miles below Richmond the Swale flows by that old city which Ptolemy and Antoninus call Caturactonium â—â—â—uractoâ—â—â—m and Catarracton but Bede Catarractan and in another place the village near Catarracta â—â—â—aricke which makes me think that name given it from the Catarract seeing here is a great fall of water hard by tho' nearer Richmond where as I already observ'd the Swale rather rushes than runs its waters being dashed and broken by those crags it meets with And why should he call it a village near Catarracta if there had been no cataract of the waters there That it was a city of great note in those times may be inferr'd from Ptolemy because an Observation of the Heavens was taken there For in his Magna Constructio lib. 2. cap. 6. he describes the 24th parallel to be through Catarractonium in Britain and to be distant from the aequator 57 degrees Yet in his Geography he defines the longest day to be 18 Equinoctial hours so that according to his own calculation it is distant 58 degrees â—gnum 〈◊〉 nisi noâ— habet But at this day as the Poet says it has nothing great but the memory of what it was For it is but a very small village called Catarrick and Catarrick-bridge â—â—tarrick â—â—â—dge yet remarkable for its situation by a Roman highway which crosses the river here and for those heaps of rubbish up and down which carry some colour of antiquity especially near Ketterickswart and Burghale which are somewhat distant from the bridge and likewise more eastward hard by the river where I saw a huge mount as it were with four bulwarks cast up with great labour to a considerable height m What it might suffer from the Picts and Saxons when with fire and sword they laid waste the Cities of Britain I cannot certainly tell yet when the Saxon Government was establish'd it seems to have flourish'd though Bede always calls it a village till in the year 769 it was burnt by Eanredus or Beanredus the tyrant who destroyed the Kingdom of Northumberland But immediately after he himself was miserably burnt and Catarractonium began to raise its head again for in the 77th year after King Etheldred solemnized his marriage with the daughter of Offa King of the Mercians here Yet it did not continue long flourishing for in the Danish outrages which followed it was utterly destroy'd The Swale after a long course not without some rubs flows pretty near Hornby Hornby a castle of the family de S. Quintin which afterwards came to the Cogniers and besides pleasant pastures and country villages sees nothing but Bedal Bedal situated upon another little river that runs into it which in the time of King Edward the first gloried in its Baron 3 Sir Brian Brian Fitz-Alan Fitz-Alan famous for his ancient Nobility being descended 4 From the Earls of Britain and Richmond from the Dukes of Britain and the Earls of Richmond but for default of issue-male this inheritance was brought by daughters to the Stapletons and the Greys of Rotherfeld The Swale being now past Richmondshire draws nearer to the Ure where it sees Topcliffe Topcliffe the chief seat of the Percies call'd by Marianus Taden-clife who says that in the year 949. the States of Northumberland took an oath of Allegiance there to King Eldred the West-Saxon brother to Edmund n At the very confluence of these two rivers stands Mitton Mitton a very small village but memorable for no small slaughter there For in the year 1319 when England was almost made desolate by a raging plague the Scots continued their ravages to this place and easily routed a considerable body of Priests and Peasants which the Archbishop of York had drawn together against them But now to return From Catarractonium the military-way falls into two roads that towards the north lies by Caldwell Caldwell and Aldburgh Aldburgh which imports in the Saxon language an old burgh By what name it went formerly I cannot easily guess It seems to have been a great City from its large ruins and near it by a village called Stanwig lies a ditch of about eight miles long drawn between the Tees and the Swale As the Way runs towards the ‖ Circium north-west twelve miles off it goes by Bowes Bowes at present a little village and sometimes writ Bough where in former ages the Earls of Richmond had a little castle a tribute called Thorough-toll and their Gallows But formerly it was called in Antoninus's Itinerary Lavatrae Lavatrae and Levatrae as both its distance and the situation by a military way which is visible by the ridge of it do plainly demonstrate The antiquity of it is farther confirmed by an old stone in the Church used there not long ago for a Communion-table with this Inscription in honour of Hadrian the Emperour IMP. CAESARI DIVI TRAIANI PARTHICI Max filio DIVI NERVAE NEPOTI TRAIANO Hadria NO AVG. PONT MAXM COS. I. P.P. COH IIII. F. IO. SEV This fragment was also dug up here NO L. CAE FRONTINVS COH I. THRAC In Severus's reign when Virius Lupus was Legate and Propraetor of Britain the first Cohort of the Thracians was garison'd here â—neum Bâ—â—neum for whose sake he restored the Balneum or bath also
diffus'd her Charity all over the Country This Castle is washt on the East by the river Eden and on the other sides there are great trenches as if the first builder had intended to draw the water round it But the attempt prov d ineffectual from whence they have an old rhyme hereabouts Let Uter Pendragon do what he he can The river Eden will run where it ran h The Barons of Wharton are still possess'd of Wharton-hall Whaâ—â—-haâ—â— Philip the last Baron mention'd by our Author was succeeded in this Honour by Philip his grandchild son of Sir Thomas his eldest son who dy'd in his father's life time who still enjoys it i Instead of saying with our Author that the Musgraves Musgâ—â—â— were so calld from the towns of that name 't is more probable the towns had their name from the Family For the name of Musgrave is to be reckon'd among those which have been taken from Offices and Civil or Military Honours and is of the like original as Landtgraff Markgraff Burggraff c. among the Germans And indeed this name and Markgraff now turn'd into Marquis are probably the same The signification of both is Dux Limitaneus and anciently Musgrave or Mosgrave was all one as in our later language a Lord Warden of the Marches 'T is therefore no Compliment to this honourable Family to foist the name as some have done into one or two Copies of Battle-Abbey-Roll having enough of true old English honour and not needing to borrow any of its lustre from the Normans Yet even this opinion if it should prevail destroys our Author's that the Family of the Musgraves had their name from these villages k Not far from hence is Brough 〈◊〉 consisting at present of two good villages Upper otherwise Church-Brough where the Church standeth whereof Robert Eglesfield Founder of Queens-College in Oxford was Rector and procur'd the appropriation thereof from King Edward the third to the said College Here also stands the Castle of Brough and a tower call'd Caesar's tower which is probably the Propugnaculum our Author speaks of because the Castle was in his time raz'd to the ground the walls of the Tower only remaining which was lately rebuilt by the Countess of Pembroke before-mention'd Near the bridge there is a Spaw-well lately discover'd by the present Vicar of the place the Reverend Mr. John Harrison The other village is call'd Lower-Brough from its situation and Market-brough from a Market held there every Thursday l The next old town is Apleby Aâ—â—â— which hath several testimonies of its ancient splendour tho' at present it be very much decay'd Henry the first gave them privileges equal to York that City's Charter being granted as 't is said in the fore-noon and this in the afternoon Henry the second granted them another Charter of the like Immunities and Henry the third in whose time there was an Exchequer here call'd Scaccarium de Apleby a third Which were in omnibus sicut Eboracum and confirm'd by the succeeding Kings of England When it was first govern'd by a Mayor does not appear but 't is certain that in the reign of Edward the first they had a Mayor and two Provosts which seem to have been formerly men of principal note i.e. Sheriffs or the same as we now call Bailiffs and sign'd the publick Acts of the Town along with the Mayor * 〈…〉 tho' at present they only attend the body of the Mayor with two Halberds Brompton makes mention of Apleby-schire which should seem to imply that at that time it had Sheriffs of its own as most Citieâ— had though we now call them Bailiffs For in the second year of Edward the first in a confirmation-Charter to Shap-Abbey we find this Subscription Teste Thomâ filio Johannis tunc Vice-Comite de Apelby Unless one should 〈◊〉 that Westmoreland was call'd the County of Apelby or Apelby-schire as indeed Brompton seems to intimate But the Scotch-wars by degrees reduc'd it to a much lower condition †〈…〉 In the 22th of Henry the second it was set on fire by them and again in the 1â—th of Richard the second when of 2200 Burgages by due computation of the Fee-farm-rents there remain'd not above a tenth part as appears by Inquisitions in the Town-chest Since which it never recover'd it self but lay as it were dismember'd and sâ—atter'd one street from another like so many several villages and one could not know but by Records that they belong'd to the same body For which reason it is that Mr. Camden mentions no more than Burgh-gate whereas Bongate Battle-burgh Dungate Scattergate are all of them members of this ancient Town and probably the Burrals also which may be an evidence of its having been wall'd round that word implying Burrow-walls and the rather because at Bath in Somersetshire they call the town walls by the same name of Burrals Concerning the condition and misfortunes of this place take this Inscription placed in the Garden belonging to the School-house amongst many others of Roman antiquity collected by Mr. Bainbrigg of whom our Author makes an honourable mention ABALLABA QVAM C. C. FLVIT ITVNA STATIO FVIT RO. TEM MAVR AVREL. HANC VASTAVIT FF GVIL R. SCOT 1176. HIC PESTISSAEVIT 1598. OPP. DESERT MERCATVS AD GILSHAVGHLIN F. DEVM TIME The CC. in the first line is Circumfluit the F F in the fourth Funditus and the F in the end Fuit So that here we have its situation its Roman Antiquity and the devastations made in it by War and Pestilence together with the remove of the Market to Gilshaughlin four or five miles north-west of the town 'T is said that the present Earl of Thanet whose Ancestors on the mother's side the Viponts and Cliffords have been Lords of this Country and flourish'd at Apelby for above 480. years designs to set up and encourage the Cloath-working-trade in this town m The endowment made to the School by the two persons mention'd in our Author was far short of what has been added since by some modern Benefactors the chief whereof was Dr. Thomas Smith the present Bishop of Carlisle who particularly along with Mr. Rand. Sanderson erected a new dwelling house for the use of the School-master 〈◊〉 castle n From Apleby the river carries us to Buley-Castle which is now set in farm to the Musgraves but was no doubt formerly a seat of the Bishops of Carlisle as our Author observes For it is said to have been erected at several times by two or three Bishops and there is still in being an account of several Ordinations held there 〈…〉 Next Eden runs to Crakenthorp hall a pleasant seat the East-side of it where the chief branch of the Machels a family of good note in this Country ‖ Gâ—illanâ—s Heraldry have always resided from the Conquest downwards to this very day nor do any Records afford an account how much longer they have flourish'd here The present Lord of the
this day call it Bulness â—ess and tho' it is but a very small village yet has it a Fort â—imenâ— and as a testimony of its antiquity besides the tracks of streets and pieces of old walls it has a harbour now choakt up and they tell you that there was a pav'd Cawsey ran all along the shore from hence as far as Elenborrow h A mile beyond this as appears by the Foundations at low water begins the Picts-wall that famous work of the Romans formerly the bound of the Province and built to keep out the Barbarians who in those parts were as one expresses it continually * Circumlatraverunt barking and snarling at the Roman Empire I was amaz'd at first why they should be so careful to fortifie this place when 't is fenc'd by a vast arm of the Sea that comes up some eight miles but now I understand how at low-water 't is so shallow that the Robbers and Plunderers made nothing of fording it That the figure of the Coast hereabouts has been alter'd appears plainly from roots of Trees cover'd over with Sand at a good distance from the shore which are commonly discover'd when the Tide is driven back by the violence of Winds I know not whether it be worth the while to observe what the Inhabitants tell you of Subterraneous Trees without boughs Trees under ground they very commonly dig up discovering them by the Dew 10 In Summer which never lyes upon the ground that covers them Upon the same Friths a little more inward is Drumbough-Castle of late times the possession of the Lords of Dacre but formerly a Station of the Romans Some will have it the Castra Exploratorum but the distances will by no means allow it There was also another Roman Station which by a change of the name is at present call'd e To distinguish it from Burgh under Stane-more in Westmoreland Burgh upon Sands Burgh upon Sands 1307. from whence the neighbouring tract is call'd the Barony of Burgh This by Meschines Lord of Cumberland was bestow'd upon Robert de Trivers from whom it came to the * The Morvils call'd de Burgh super Sabulones Lib. Inq. Morvills the last of whom Hugh left a daughter who by her second husband Thomas de Molton had Thomas Molton Lord of this place and father of that Thomas who by marriage with the heir of Hubert de †Vaulx Vallibus joyn'd Gillesland to his other possessions all which were carry'd by Mawd Molton to Ranulph de Dacre But this little Town is noted for nothing more than the untimely death of King Edward the first Edw. 1. after he had triumph'd over his enemies round about him He was a Prince exceeding famous in whose valiant breast God as it were pitcht his Tent and as by courage and wisdom so also by a gracefulness and stateliness of body rais'd him to the very highest pitch of Majesty Providence exercis'd his youth with constant wars and difficulties of State to fit him for the Government which after he came to it he so manag'd by conquering the Welsh and subduing the Scots that he deserves the Character of one of the greatest Ornaments of Britain i The Inhabitants say that under this Burgh in the very aestuary there was a Sea-fight between the Scotch and English and that ‖ Reverso aestu when the Tide was out it was manag'd by the Horse which seems no less strange than what Pliny relates not without great admiration of such another place in Caramania This aestuary is call'd by both Nations Solway-Frith Solway-Frith from Solway a Town of the Scots that stands upon it But Ptolemy names it more properly Ituna for the Eiden a very considerable river Ituna Eiden river which winds along Westmoreland and the inner parts of this County falls into it with a vast body of waters Hist Mailros still remembring what rubs and stops the carcasses of the Scots gave it in the year 1216. after it had dâ—own'd them with their loads of English spoils and swallow'd up that plundering Crew The Ituna or Eiden assoon as it enters this County receives from the west the river Eimot flowing out of the Lake call'd Ulse or Ulse-water which I mention'd before Near its bank upon the little river Dacor is f Here is a Castle standing which formerly has been a magnificent building and a seat of the family but there are no remains of a Monastery nor does it appear by any Records to have been standing since the Conquest Dacre-Castle Dacre noted in latter ages for giving name to the family of the Barons de Dacre â—arons Dacre and mention'd by Bede for having a Monastery in his time as also by Malmesbury for being the place where Constantine King of the Scots and Eugenius King of Cumberland put themselves and their Kingdoms under the protection of King Athelstan k Somewhat higher at a little distance from the confluence of Eimot and Loder at which is the round trench call'd King Arthur's Table stands Penrith which implies in British a red hill or head for the ground hereabouts and the stone of which it is built are both reddish 'T is commonly call'd Perith Perith. and is a noted little market town fortify'd on the west-side with a Royal Castle which in the reign of Henry 6. g It is now in ruins and was never repair'd out of the ruins of Maburg nor was that ever a Roman Fort but a Danish Temple This is very obvious to a curious eye and will be shewn at large in Mr. Nicolson's History of the Kingdom of Northumberland Part 6. was repair'd out of the ruins of Maburg a Roman Fort hard by It is adorn'd with a pretty handsome Church l has a large Market-place with a Town-house of wood for the convenience of the Market-people which is beautify'd with Bearâ— climbing up a ragged staff the Device of the Earls of Warwick Formerly it belong'd to the Bishops of Durham but when Anthony Becc Bishop of this See was grown haughty and insolent by his great wealth Edward the first as we read in the book of Durham took from him Werk in Tividale Perith and the Church of Simondburne For the benefit of the Town W. Strickland Bishop of Carlisle descended from a famous family in those parts did at his own proper charges draw a Chanel or water-course from h This is a Rill falling from the Peat-Mosses in the Fells about Graystock from whence it has its name Peterill or the Little-river Petre. Upon the bank of this lay Plompton-park very large Call'd oâ—â—â— Haâ—a de Plompten and formerly set apart by the Kings of England for the keeping of Deer but by King Henry 8. with greater prudence planted with houses being almost in the frontiers between England and Scotland m Near this I saw several remains of a demolish'd City which for its nearness to Perith they call Old Perith
antient and noble family have flourished from the first conquest of this country by the English who were afterwards advanced to the honour of Barons o Now Earl of Tyrone Curraghmore Upon the bank of the river Suire stands Waterford â—â—terford the chief City of this County Of which thus old Necham Suirius insignem gaudet ditare Waterford Aequoreis undis associatur ibi Thee Waterford Suir 's streams with wealth supply Hasting to pay their tribute to the sea This City which the Irish and Britains call Porthlargy the English Waterford was first built by certain Pirats of Norway Though 't is situated in a thick air and on a barren soil and close built yet by reason of the convenience of the haven p It was once but now Cork may claim that honour 't is the second City in Ireland for wealth and populousness and has ever continued q It s motto was Intacta manet Waterfordia But in the course of the Irish rebellion begun An. 1641. by means of the Popish Clergy it became exceeding faulty Now that the English Inhabitants daily encrease we may expect it will recover its former reputation particularly loyal and obedient to the Crown of England For since it was first taken by Richard Earl of Pembroke it has been so faithful and quiet that in our Conquest of Ireland it has always secur'd us from any attempts on this side Upon this account the Kings of England have endowed it with many and those considerable privileges which were enlarged and confirmed by Henry 7. for behaving themselves with great valour and conduct against Perkin Warbeck a sham-Prince who being but a young fellow of mean extraction had the impudence to aim at the Imperal Diadem by pretending to be Richard Duke of York the second son of King Edward 4. King Henry 6. gave the County of Waterford 〈◊〉 of â—â—terford together with the City to John Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury in words which so clearly set forth the bravery of that warlike man that I cannot but think it worth the while and perhaps some others may think it so too to transcribe them from the Record We therefore says the King after a great deal more wherein one sees the defect both of the Latin and eloquence of the Secretaries of that age in consideration of the valour of our most dear and faithful Cousen John Earl of Shrewsbury and Weysford Lord Talbot of Furnival and Lestrange sufficiently shewn and proved in the wars aforesaid even to his old age not only by the sweat of his body but many times by the loss of his blood and considering how our County and City of Waterford in our Kingdom of Ireland with the Castle Seigniory Honour Lands and Barony of Dungarvan and all the Lordships Lands Honours and Baronies and their appurtenances within the same County which by forfeiture of rebels by reversion or decease of any person or persons by escheat or any other title of law ought to vest in Us or our progenitors which by reason of invasions or insurrections in these parts are become so desolate and as they lye exposed to the spoils of war so entirely wasted that they are of no profit to us but have done and now do many times redound to our loss and charge and also that the said lands may hereafter be better defended against the attempts and incursions of enemies or rebels do ordain and create him Earl of Waterford with the stile title name and honour thereunto belonging And that all things may correspond with his state and greatness we hereby of our special grace certain knowledge and free motion that the Grandeur of the Earl may be supported more honourably do give grant and by these presents confirm unto the said Earl the County aforesaid together with the aforesaid title stile name and honour of Earl of Waterford and the city of Waterford aforesaid with the fee-farm castles lordships honours lands baronies and all other appurtenances within the County as also all mannors hundreds wapentakes c. along the sea-coast from the town of Yoghall to the city of Waterford aforesaid To have and to hold the said County of Waterford the stile title name and honour of Earl of Waterford and likewise the city of Waterford aforesaid with the castle seigniory honour land and barony of Dungarvan and all other lordships honours lands and Baronies within the said County and also all the aforesaid mannors hundreds c. to the abovesaid Earl and to the heirs males of his body begotten to hold of us and our heirs by homage fealty and the service of being our Seneschal and that he and his heirs be Seneschals of Ireland Seneschal of Ireland to us and our heirs throughout our whole land of Ireland to do and that he do and ought himself to do in the said office that which his predecessors Seneschals of England were wont formerly to do for us in that office In witness whereof c. However while the Kings of England and their Nobility who had large possessions in Ireland were either took up with foreign wars in France or civil dissentions at home Ireland was quite neglected so that the English interest began to decay r See the Statute of Absentees in the County of Caterlogh and the power of the Irish grew formidable by reason of their absence and then it was enacted to recover their interest and to suppress this growth of the Irish strength that the Earl of Shrewsbury for his absence and carelesness should surrender the Town and County of Waterford to the King and his successors and likewise that the Duke of Norfolk the Baron Barkley Ann. 28. H. 8 the Heirs Female of the Earl of Ormond and all the Abbots Priors c. of England who held any lands there should surrender them to the King and his successors for the same faults The County of LIMERICK THus far we have surveyed the maritime counties of Mounster two remain that are inland Limerick and Tipperary which we are now come to The County of Limerick lies behind that of Cork Northward between Kerry the river Shanon and the county of Tipperary fruitful and well inhabited but it has few remarkable towns The West part of it is called Conilagh Conilagh where among the hills Knock-Patrick Knock-Patrick that is St. Patrick's hill is most eminent for its height from the top whereof one has a pleasant prospect into the sea and along the river Shanon which at a great distance falls from a wide mouth into the Vergivian Ocean At the bottom of this hill the Fitz-Giralds liv'd for a long time in great honour Knight of the Vally Qu. Elâ—z An. 11. till Thomas call'd the Knight of the Valley or de Glin when his graceless son was put to death for Arsony for 't is treason by the laws of Ireland to set villages and houses a fire was also found an Accessary and had his estate
these are most a It is not so at this day but on the contrary is as safe and secure as any part of Ireland sadly infested with those pernicious people the O-Tooles and O-Birnes Among these Glynnes lays the Bishoprick of Glandilaugh which has been desolate and forsaken ever since it was annexed to the Archbishoprick of Dublin In other parts this County is very well town'd and peopled and surpasses all other Provinces of Ireland for improvement and beauty 't is divided into five Baronies Rathdown Newcastle Castle-Knoc Cowloc and Balrodry which I cannot as I should indeed desire give a particular account of because I am not well acquainted with the extent and bounds of them First therefore I will only glance along the sea-coast and then follow the rivers as their course leads me into the inner parts of this County none of which are twenty miles distant from the shore To begin in the south the first place we meet with upon the coast is Wicklo Wâ—â—â—lo 〈◊〉 a Coâ—ty 1606. where is a narrow haven with a rock hanging over it enclosed with good walls instead of a Castle which as other Castles of this Kingdom is prohibited by Act of Parliament to be commanded by any one as Governor that is not an English man by reason those Irish men that have bore that charge heretofore have to the damage of the Government either made ill defence in case of an assault or suffered prisoners to escape by their connivance But let us hear what Giraldus says of this port who calls it Winchiligillo There is a port at Winchiligillo on that side of Ireland next Wales which receives the tide every high water and ebbs with the sea and though the sea has gone back and quite left it yet the river which runs into the sea here is all along as it goes salt and brackish Next upon the top of a hill by the sea-side stands New-castle whence may be seen those shelves of sand call'd the Grounds which lye along for a great way upon this coast yet between them and the shore the water is said to be seven fathom deep A little higher where the b It is the bound between the Counties of Dublin and Wicklow so that the part already described south of that river is comprehended in the County of Wicklow Bray a small river runs into the sea stands Old Court â—ld Court the estate of the Wallenses or Walshes of Caryckmain a family not only ancient and noble but very numerous in these parts Next to this is Powers Court â—wers â—â—â—rt formerly as the name it self shews belonging to the Poers a very large castle till Tirlaugh O Toole in a rebellion overthrew it From the mouth of the Bray the shore runs in and admits a bay within that compass where at the very turn of the * Cubiti elbow lyes the little Island of S. Benedict which belongs to the Archbishop of Dublin This bay is call'd Dublin-haven into which runs the Liffy 〈◊〉 v. Lifâ—â—y Giâ—ius Aâ—â— Liff the noblest river of this County though the spring of it be but fifteen miles from the mouth the course of it is so winding and crooked that first it goes south by S. Patricks land and then west after that it plies northward watering the County of Kildare and at length eastward by Castle Knoc heretofore the Barony of the Terils whose estate by females was transferr'd to other families about the year 1370 and by Kilmainam formerly belonging to the Knights of the order of S. John of Jerusalem now converted to a place of retirement for the Lord Deputy This Liffy is certainly mentioned in Ptolemy though the Librarians have carelesly depriv'd it of its proper place For this river Libnius is describ'd in the present editions of Ptolemy to lye in the same latitude in the other part of the Island whereas there is really no such river and therefore now if the reader pleases let it be re-call'd from exile and restored to its Eblana Of it thus Necham Viscera Castle-Knoc non dedignatur Aven-Liff Istum Dublini suscipit unda maris Nor thee poor Castle-Knock does Liffy scorn Whose stream at Dublin to the Ocean 's born For Dublin is but seven miles distant from the mouth of it eminent and memorable above all the Cities of Ireland the same which Ptolemy calls Eblana Eblana Dublin we Develin the Latins Dublinium and Dublinia the Welsh Dinas Dulin the Saxons Duflin the Irish Balacleigh that is a town upon Hurdles for so they think the foundation lyes the ground being soft and quaggy as was Sevill in Spain which Isidore reports to be so call'd because it stood upon pales fastned in the ground which was loose and fenny As for the antiquity of Dublin I have met with nothing that I can positively say of it that the City must needs be very ancient I am satisfy'd upon Ptolemy's authority Saxo Grammaticus makes it to have been sadly shatter'd in the Danish wars afterwards it sell under the subjection of Edgar King of England as his Charter already mentioned testifies 21 Wherein he calleth it the noble City of Ireland Next the Norwegians got possession of it and therefore in the life of Gryffith ap Cynan Prince of Wales we read that Harald the Norwegian after he had subdu'd the greatest part of Ireland built Dublin This Harald seems to be that * Pulchricomus Har-fager first King of Norway whose pedigree stands thus in the life of Gryffith From Harald descended * Other wise call'd Abloâ—eus Anlasus and Olanus Auloed from Auloed another of the same name This Auloed had Sitric King of Dublin Sitric had a son Auloed whose daughter Racwella was mother to Gryffith ap Cynan born at Dublin while †Thirdelacus Tirlough reign'd in Ireland This by the by At length upon the first arrival of the English in Ireland Dublin was soon taken and gallantly defended by them when Ausculph Prince of Dublin and afterwards Gothred Prince of the Isles fiercely assaulted it on all sides A little after an English Colony was transplanted from Bristol hither by King Henry the second giving them this City which was perhaps at that time drain'd of Inhabitants in these words with all the liberties and free customs which those of Bristol enjoyed From that time it flourished more and more and in many doubtful and dangerous circumstances has shown great instances of its loyalty to the Kings of England This is the Royal City of Ireland and the most noble * Emporium Mart wherein the chief Courts of Judicature are held The City is well wall'd neatly built and very populous c Dublin is more tâ—an as big again as it was when Camden wrote the buildings much more supmtuous and the City every way much more glorious and magnificent An old writer describes it to be noble for its many Inhabitants very pleasantly situated Joscelinus de Furnesiâ— In the life
if these vices had not continued among them even till our times the right of succession had been more certain and neither the Gentry nor Commonalty so much stain'd with the blood and murther of their own relations about the right of inheritance nor the whole Kingdom so infamous among foreign nations upon this account But this falls not within the compass of my design This Archiepiscopal dignity had not been long instituted till it was again confirmed by Vivian the Pope's Legat so that the opinion of some who prefer the See of Armagh and make it more ancient than that of Canterbury pleading that in this respect it ought to have the upper seat in all General Councils is but vain and empty for Armagh is the younger sister by many ages And besides precedence in General Councils is never given according to the antiquity of Sees Lib. 1. of â—oly Ceâ—â—monies Sâ—â—t 14. but all Prelates of what degree soever take place among their fellows according to their ordination or promotion During Vivian's abode in Ireland Armagh was reduc'd and subjected to the English by 43 Sir John Curcy John de Curcy who did little hurt to the Country but was very favourable to the Religious there and is said to have repair'd the Church which since our time was burnt together with the whole City by John O-Neal so that nothing remains at this day but some few watled cottages and the ruinous walls of the Monastery Priory and Archbishop's Palace Among the Bishops of this See the most eminent are S. Malachy the first that restrain'd Clerks from marrying in Ireland a man of great learning and piety in that age and who was no more tainted with the barbarity of the Country than Sea-fish with the saltness of the sea-water as S. Bernard who writ his life at large has told us Then Richard Fitz-Raulf commonly call'd Armachanus who wrote very sharply against the Friers Mendicants about the year 1355 abhorring that voluntary way of beggery in a Christian Near Armagh upon a hill are still visible the remains of an old Castle call'd Owen-Maugh which is said to have been the habitation of the King of Ulster More to the East lyes Black-water in Irish More i.e. great which is the boundary between this County and Tir Oen whereof we shall speak in its proper place In and about this County all the power and Interest is in the Mac Genises O-Hanlons O-Hagans and many of the family of the O-Neals who have distingush'd themselves by several sirnames The County of DOWN. NExt on the east lyes the County of Down very large and fruitful reaching as far as as the Irish sea bounded on the north with the Lough Eaugh or as it is called by a later name Logh-Sidney and on the south with the County of Louth from which it is separated by the river Newry Upon this river at its very entrance into the County a town of the same name was built and fortified since our memory by 44 Sir Nicholas Nicholas Bagnal Marshall of Ireland who by his excellent conduct did many memorable exploits here and and very much improved the County Not far from hence lyes the river Ban the less so called from the solitary mountains of Mourne from whence it rises and runs through the territory of a It is called Evaugh Eaugh belonging to the family of Mac Gynnis â—ac Gynâ—â—â— who had formerly a sharp contest with the O Neals that tyranniz'd in Ulster 45 Whether they were vassals to O-Neal and whether c. whether they should find O Neals soldiers provision c. which kind of service they called Bonoghty It had also an Episcopal See at Dramore above which upon the bank of the b Lough-Neagth Lough Eaugh lye the territories of c Killulto Kilwlto and Kilwarny much incumber'd with woods and boggs Thus much of the inner parts Upon the coast the sea insinuates it self with so many chops and creeks and the Lough spreads it self so very much near Dyffrin a woody vale heretofore the inheritance of the Mandevils and since of the Whites that it makes two Chersoneses Lecal Lecal on the south and Ardes on the Aquiâ—â—â—e north Lecal is a rich soil the remotest part of Ireland to the east The utmost promontory in it is now called by the mariners S. John's Foreland The Proâ—â—â—ory â—â—nium but by Ptolemy Isanium which perhaps comes from Isa a British word signifying lowest In the very streights of it stands Dunum â—â—â—um a flourishing town taken notice of by that name in Ptolemy but not in its proper place 't is now call'd Down â—â—â—n is very ancient a Bishop's See and remarkable for the tombs of Patrick Patricks â—â—â—â—chre Brigid and Columba who have this rhyming distich writ upon them Hi tres in Duno tumulo tumulantur in uno Brigida Patricius atque Columba pius One tomb three Saints contains one vault below Does Brigid Patrick and Columba show This monument of theirs is said to have been demolished by Leonard Gray Lord Deputy in Henry the eighth's time For certain upon his being accused of male-administration and found guilty the prophanation of S. Patrick's Church was among other things objected against him The Religious have contended as much about the burial-place of this S. Patrick as ever the Cities of Greece did about the native Country of Homer Those of Down will have it among them upon the authority of the verses aforesaid Those of Armagh fix it among them from that passage but now cited from S. Bernard The Monks of Glastenbury in England have challenged it and offer the Records and monuments of their Abbey to clear and make good their title And lastly the Scots some of them affirm him not only to be born near Glascow among them but buried there too 46 At Kirk-Patrick In this Down John Curcy a warlike Englishman and far more devout than generally soldiers are first setled the Benedictine Monks after he had reduc'd these parts and translated the Monastery of Carick which Mac Eulef King of Ulster had built in Erinaich near S. Finin Mac-Nell's Fountain into the Isle of Ynis-Curcy so called from him and by him well endow'd with lands and tenements Before that Endowment of Monastiries the Monks of Ireland like those anciently in Egypt whose order the pious Congellus that is as they interpret it A fair pledge brought into Ireland were wholly devoted to prayer and so industrious as not only to supply their own wants but those of others by the labour of their own hands But this like all humane institutions was but short liv'd their manners corrupted and riches by little stifled that piety which first gave them being in the world Robert Roberd de Mons de Immutatione Ordinis Monachorum Abbot of Molism in Burgundy took a great deal of pains to recover this ancient discipline persuading his disciples to live by
side there is an ancient fort and a dwelling house built at the charge of the Chamberlans for the fee farm of the Isle was granted by Queen Elizabeth to G. Chamberlane son to Sir Leonard Chamberlane of Sâ—â—rburne in Oxfordshire when he recovered it from the French And under this fort the sand with violent drifts from the Northwest overlaid the land so that now it serveth thereabout most for comes is hardly seven miles from the promontory Le Hague in Normandy and about eight miles in compass The soil is rich and produces both grass and corn very well The Island contains one church and about eighty houses I need hardly take notice of a gyants tooth found here The Gyâ—â—â—oorth 〈◊〉 civ 〈◊〉 l. 15. 〈◊〉 9. which was full as big as a mans fist since St. Austin says he has seen one so large that it might be cut into a hundred teeth as big as any ordinary mans From hence there runs a ridge of high rocks for some way to the westward which 3 Which have their several Eddies and therefore are dreaded c. are dreaded by the mariners who call them the Quasquettes 4 Out of one of the which properly named Casquet there gusheth a most sweet spring of frâ—sh water to the great comfort of the Island fishermen beating up and down hereabout At these to remember incidently that the memory of a well-deserving Patriot may not perish the fleet which John Philipot Citizen of London set forth and manned at his own private charges had a glorious victory over a rabble of Pirates who impeached all traffick taking their Captain and fifteen Spanish ships that consorted with them Which worthy man also maintained 1020 Soldiers at his own pay for the defence of the Realm against the French who sore infested the southern coast in the beginning of the reign of King Richard the second to omit his great loans to the King and other good and laudable offices to his country Under these southward lies Caesarea Câ—sarea mentioned by Antoninus hardly twelve miles distant which the French havve contracted in pronouncing just as they have done Caesaris Burgus in Normandy and as the Spaniards Caesaraugusta in Spain for they call it Gearzey â—â—â—rsey as they do Cherburgh for Caesaris Burgum and as Saragosa is generally spoke for Caesaraugusta Gregorius Turonensis call it Insula Maris quod Constantiae civitati adjacet i.e. the Island of the sea that lyeth to the City Constantia and tells us how Praetextatus Bishop of Roan was confined here Thus Papirius Massonius calls it Insula littoris Constantini because it lies over-against Constantia an old City which seems to be called in Ammianus Castra Constantia â—â—â—ra â—onstanâ—â—â—oritoâ—um and in former ages Moritonium for Robertus Montensis writes thus Comes Moritonii id est Constantiarum unless this be the gloss of the Librarian for Moritonium or Mortaigne as it is now call'd is more remote from the sea This Island is about thirty miles in compass and defended with rocks and quicksands which are shallow places dangerous for such as sail that way The soil is fertil so that the Isle has great plenty of fruit and good stocks of cattle and sheep many whereof carry b They have six horns three on each side one bent towards the nose another towards the neck and the third standing upright between the other two but these now are become very rare four horns The air is very wholesom the Inhabitants are subject to no distempers but * Agues Fevers and those in the month of September which therefore they call Settembers for this reason there are no Physitians to be found among them The Island affords very little fewel and therefore they use a sea-weed instead of wood which they term Uraic Uraic and which is supposed to be Pliny's Fucus marinus Fuâ—us Mâ—rinus produced very plentifully in rocks and craggy Islands This being dried in the sun serves for fire and after it is burnt the ashes is as good as marle or dung for manuring the fields and fallows and does as much enrich them But they are not to gather this but in the spring and in the summer and then only on certain days appointed by the Magistrate And at the times allowed they repair with their Cars to the shore or in boats to the neighbouring rocks with great joy and readiness However the poor people are permitted to take up all that the sea casts up of it for their own uses The midland part of this Isle is somewhat high and mountainous but the valleys under these hills are finely watered with brooks and very pleasant being planted with fruit-trees but apple-trees especially of which they make Cyder The villages stand thick and make in all twelve parishes which have the advantage of many fine creeks for ships the securest of which is that on the south-side of the Island S Hilarius between the towns of S. Hilary and S. Albans which harbour has also a little Isle belonging to it and therein a garison that cuts off all manner of access S. Hilary Bishop of Poictiers that was banished hither is said to be buried here For the town which is dedicated to his name lies just over-against the Island and is reckoned the chief both because of its trade and market and also upon the account of a Court of Justice which is fixed here On the east-side where it looks towards the City Constantia over-against it stands a very strong castle situated upon a steep rock called by the proud name of Mont-Orgueil repaired by Henry the 5th Mont Oâ—gue◠〈◊〉 iâ— to say A p oud thiâ—â— and commanded by the Governor of the Isle who was formerly stil'd The Keeper of the Isle and in Henry the 3d's time had a yearly Salary of 200 l. On the south but at greater distance lies S. Malo which takes this new name from Maclovius a man of great piety being formerly called the city Diablintum and Aletum Aletum in the old Notitia for in a Manuscript of Isiodorus Mercator it is expressly read Civitas Diablintum quae alio nomine Aletum i e The City Diablintum otherwise called Aletum The people apply themselves to fishing but especially to Agriculture The women make great gain by knitting hose which they call Gersey Stockes As for the State and Polity of this Isle whoever the King of England sends to govern it is the supream Magistrate He substitutes a Bailiff who with twelve Jurors chosen out of each parish by their respective parishioners to sit and assist him has the trial of pleas In capital causes he 's to have seven of these assessors with him in civil three only c A very particular account of the Island of Jersey is lately publish'd by Mr. Philip Falle Rector of S. Saviour in that Island Twenty miles north west of this lies another Island which Antoninus calls Sarnia Sarnia and we
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Old Time moves slowly though he knows no stay And steals our voices as he creeps away Unseen himself he hides from mortal view Things that are seen and things unseen does shew However I comfort my self with that Distich of Mimnermus which I know by experience to be true 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Oblectes animum plebs est morosa legendo Ille benè de te dicet at ille malè E'en rest contented for thou l't ever find Thy labours some will blame and some commend The Preface to the Annals of Ireland AS the Press had got thus far the most honourable William Lord Howard of Naworth out of his great Zeal for promoting the Knowledge of Antiquity communicated to me the Annals of Ireland in MS. reaching from the Year 1152. to the Year 1370. And seeing there is nothing extant that I know of more perfect in this kind since Giraldus Cambrensis and the excellent Owner has given me leave I think it very proper to publish them The World is without doubt as much indebted to the Owner for preserving them as to the Author himself for writing them The Stile is rough and barren according to the Age it was writ in yet the Contents give great Light into the Irish History and would have been helpful to me if I had had the use of them sooner As they are I here present them to the Reader faithfully copied exactly from the Original even with the Errors if he has any thing of this nature more perfect I hope he 'll communicate it if not he must be content with this till some one or other will give us a more compleat account of these Affairs and continue it down to the present Time with mâ—r eleg ance a Work of no great Difficulty THE ANNALS of IRELAND IN the Year of our Lord MCLXII died Gregory the first Archbishop of Dublin a worthy Person in all respects and was succeeded by Laurence O Thothil Abbat of S. Kemnus de Glindelagh a pious Man Thomas was made Archbishop of Canterbury MCLXVI Rothericke O Conghir Prince of Conaught was made King and Monarch of Ireland MCLXVII Died Maud the Empess This Year Almarick King of Jerusalem took Babylon and Dermic Mac Morrogh Prince of Leinster while O Rork King of Meth was employed in a certain expedition carried away his Wife who suffer'd her self to be ravish'd with no great difficulty For she gave him an Opportunity to take her as we find in Cambrensis MCLXVIII Donate King of Uriel founder of Mellifont Abby departed this Life This year Robert Fitz Stephens neither unmindful of his promise nor regardless of his faith came into Ireland with thirty * Militibus Knights MCLXIX Richard Earl of Strogul sent a certain young Gentleman of his own family nam'd Remund into Ireland with ten Knights about the Kalends of May. The same Earl Richard this year attended with about 200 Knights and others to the number of a thousand or thereabouts arriv'd here on S. Bartholomew's eve This Richard was the son of Gilbert Earl of Stroghul that is Chippestow formerly Strogul and of Isabel Aunt by the Mother's side to K. Malcolm and William King of Scotland and Earl David a hopeful man and the morrow after the same Apostle's day they took the said City where Eva Dermick's daughter was lawfully married to Earl Richard and her Father gave her MCLXX. S. Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury suffer'd martyrdom This same year the City of Dublin was taken by Earl Richard and his party and the Abby de Castro Dei i. of God's Castle was founded MCLXXI Died Dermick Mac Morrah of a great age at Fernys about the Calends of May. MCLXXII The Valiant King Henry arriv'd at Waterford with 500 Knights and among other things bestow'd Meth upon * Dominus Sir Hugh Lacy. The Abbey de Fonte vivo was founded this year MCLXXIV Gelasius Archbishop of Armagh the first Primate of Ireland a pious man died at a great age He is said to have â—een the first Archbishop that wore the Pall His Predecessors were only titular Archbishops and Primates in reverence and honour to S. Patrick the Apostle of this Nation whose See was so much esteem'd by all men that not only Bishops and Priests and those of the Clergy submitted themselves to the Bishop but Kings and Princes Gilbert a Prelate of great worth succeeded him in the Archbishoprick MCLXXV William King of Scots was taken prisoner at Alnwick MCLXXVI Bertram Verdon founded the Abbey of Crokesdenne MCLXXVII Earl Richard died at Dublin about the Kalends of May and was buried in Trinity Church there This year Vivian a Cardinal call'd from S. Stephens in the Mount Caellius was sent Legat of the Apostolick See into Ireland by Pope Alexander MCLXXVIII On the ninth of the Kalends of December the Abby de Samaria was founded This same year Rose Vale that is to say Rossglass was founded MCLXXIX Miles Cogan and Ralph the son of Fitz-Stephen his Daughter's Husband were slain between Waterford and Lismore c. as we read in Cambrensis The same year Harvie Mont Marish enter'd into the Monastery of S. Trinity in Canterbury who founded the Monastery of Mary de Portu i.e. of Don Broth. MCLXXX Was founded the Abby of the Quire of Benedict and also the Abby of Geripount This Year Laurence Archbishop of Dublin on the 18th of the Kalends of December died happily in Normandy within the Church of S. Mary of Aux After him succeeded John Cumin an Englishman born at Evesham elected unanimously by the Clergy of Dublin the King himself stickling for him and was confirm'd by the Pope This John built S. Patrick's Church at Dublin MCLXXXIII Was confirm'd the Order of the Templers and Hospitallers and the Abby De Lege Dei was founded MCLXXXV John the King's Son made Lord of Ireland by his father came into Ireland in the 12th year of his age which was the 13th since his father's first coming the 15th since the arrival of Fitz-Stephens and the 14th since the coming of Earl Richard and return'd again in the same 15th year of his Age. MCLXXXVI Was confirm'd the Order of the Carthusians and the Grandians This year Hugh Lacy was kill'd treacherously at Dervath by an Irishman because the said Hugh intended to build a Castle there and as he was shewing an Irishman how to work with a Pick-ax and bow'd himself down forwards the Irishman struck off his Head with an Axe and so the Conquest ended The same year Christian Bishop of Lismore formerly Legat of Ireland who copied those vertues which he had both seen and heard eminent in his pious Father S. Bernard and Pope Eugenius a venerable person with whom he liv'd in the Probatory of of Clareval and by whom he was made Legat of Ireland after his Obedience perform'd in the Monastery of Kyrieleyson happily departed this Life Jerusalem and our Lord's Cross was taken by the Sultan and the Saracens
and holding there could not be three persons and one God Among other tenents he asserted that the blessed Virgin our Saviour's mother was an harlot that there was no resurection that the holy Scripture was a mere fable and that the apostolical See was an imposture and a groundless usurpation Upon these Articles Duff was convicted of heresie and blasphemy and was thereupon burnt at Hoggis green near Dublin on the Monday after the octaves of Easter in the year 1328. MCCCXXVIII On Tuesday in Easter-week Thomas Fitz John Earl of Kildare and Chief Justice of Ireland departed this life and was succeeded in the office of Justiciary by Frier Roger Outlaw Prior of Kilmaynan The same year David O Tothil a stout rapperie and an enemy to the King who had burnt Churches and destroy'd many people was brought out of the castle of Dublin to the Toll of the City before Nicholas Fastol and Elias Ashburne Judges of the King's-Bench who sentenc'd him to be dragg'd at a horse's tail through the City to the Gallows and to be hang'd upon a Gibbet which was after executed accordingly Item In the same year the Lord Moris Fitz Thomas rais'd a great army to destroy the Bourkeyns and the Poers The same year William Lord Bourk Earl of Ulster was knighted at London on Whitsunday and the King gave him his Seigniory Item This year James Botiller married the daughter of the Earl of Hereford in England and was made Earl of Ormond being before called Earl of Tiperary The same Year a Parliament was held at Northampton where many of the English Nobility met and a peace was renew'd between the Kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland and confirm'd by marriages It was enacted also that the Earl of Ulster with several of the English Nobility should go to Berwick upon Tweed to see the marriage solemniz'd The same year after the solemnity of this match at Berwick was over Robert Brus King of Scots William Lord Burk Earl of Ulster the Earl of Meneteth and many other of the Scotch Nobility came very peaceably to Cragfergus whence they sent to the Justiciary of Ireland and the Council that they would meet them at Green Castle to treat about a Peace between Scotland and Ireland but the Justiciary and Council coming not accotding to the King's appointment he took his leave of the Earl of Ulster and return'd into his own Country after the Assumption of the blessed Virgin and the Earl of Ulster came to the Parliament at Dublin where he staid six days and made a great entertainment after which he went into Conaught The same year about the feast of S. Catharine the virgin the Bishop of Ossory certified to the King's Council that Sir Arnold Pour was upon divers Articles convicted before him of heresie Whereupon at the Bishop's suit Sir Arnold Poer by vertue of the King's Writ was arrested and clapt in the Castle of Dublin and a day was appointed for the Bishop's coming to Dublin in order to prosecute him but he excused himself because his enemies had way-laid him for his life So that the King's Council could not put an end to this business wherefore Sir Arnold was kept prisoner in the Castle of Dublin till the following Parliament which was in Midlent where all the Irish Nobility were present The same year Frier Roger Outlaw Prior of the Hospital of S. John of Jerusalem in Ireland Lord Justice and Chancellor of Ireland was scandalized by the said Bishop for favouring heresies and for advising and abetting Sir Arnold in his heretical practice Wherefore the Frier finding himself so unworthily defamed petitioned the King's Council that he might have leave to clear himself which upon consultation they granted and caused it to be proclaim'd for three days together That if there were any person who could inform against the said Frier he should come in and prosecute him but no body came Upon which Roger the Frier procured the King 's Writ to summon the Elders of Ireland viz. the Bishops Abbots Priors and the Mayors of Dublin Cork Limerick Waterford and Drogheda also the Sheriffs and Seneschals together with the Knights of the Shires and the better sort of Free-holders to repair to Dublin out of which six were chosen to examine the cause viz. M. William Rodyard Dean of the Cathedral-Church of S. Patrick in Dublin the Abbot of S. Thomas the Abbot of S. Mary's the Prior of the Church of the holy Trinity in Dublin M. Elias Lawles and Mr. Peter Willebey who convened those who were cited and examined them all apart who deposed upon their Oaths that he was a very honest faithful and zealous embracer of the Christian Faith and would if occasion serv'd lay down his Life for it And because his vindication was so solemn he made a noble entertainment for all them who would come The same year in Lent died Sir Arnold Pouer in the Castle of Dublin and lay a long time unburied in the house of the predicant Friers MCCCXXIX After the feast of the annunciation of the bless'd Virgin Mary the Irish nobility came to the Parliament at Dublin to wit the Earl of Ulster Moris Lord Fitz Thomas the Earl of Louth William Bermingham and the rest of the Peers where was a new peace made between the Earl of Ulster and my Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas and the Lords with the King's Council made an Order against riots or any other breach of the King's peace so that every Nobleman should govern within his own Seignory The Earl of Ulster made a great feast in the Castle of Dublin and the day after the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas made another in S. Patrick's Church in Dublin as did also Frier Roger Outlaw Lord Chief Justice of Ireland on the third day at Kylmaynan and after this they went all home again The same year on S. Barnaby's eve Sir John Bermingham Earl of Louth was kill'd at Balybragan in Urgale by the inhabitants and with him his own brother Peter Bermingham besides Robert Bermingham his reputed brother and Sir John Bermingham son to his brother Richard Lord of Anry William Finne Bermingham the Lord Anry's Uncle's son Simon Bermingham the aforesaid William's son Thomas Berminghan son to Robert of Conaught Peter Bermingham son to James of Conaught Henry Bermingham of Conaught and Richard Talbot of Malaghide a man of great courage besides 200 men whose names are not known After this slaughter Simon Genevils men invaded the Country of Carbry that they might by their plunder ruin the inhabitants for the thefts and murders they had so often committed in Meth but by their rising they prevented the invasion and slew 76 of the Lord Simon 's men The same year also on the day after Trinity-sunday John Gernon and his brother Roger Gernon came to Dublin in the behalf of those of Urgale that they might be tried by the Common-law And on the Tuesday after S. John's-day John and Roger hearing the Lord William Bermingham was a coming to Dublin left
and made ready to entertain the Conquerors whosoever they should be usually saying upon this occasion That it would be a shame if such Guests should come and find him unprovided It pleasing God to bless them with the Victory he invited them all to Supper to rejoice with him giving God the thanks for his success telling them He thought the things look'd as well upon his Table as running in his Fields notwithstanding some advis'd him to be saving He was buried in the Convent-church of the Friers-predicants of Coulrath near the river Banne Item The Earl of Ormond Chief Justice of Ireland went into England and Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Kildare was made Chief Justice of Ireland by a charter or commission after this manner Omnibus c. To all whom these Presents shall come greeting Know ye that we have committed to our faithful and loving Subject Moris Earl of Kildare the office of Chief Justice of our Kingdom of Ireland together with the Nation it self and the Castles and other Appurtenances thereunto belonging to keep and govern during our will and pleasure commanding that while he remains in the said office he shall receive the sum of five hundred pounds yearly cut of our Exchequer at Dublin Vpon which consideration he shall perform the said office and take care of the Kingdom and maintain twenty Men and Horse in arms constantly whereof himself shall be one during the enjoyment of the said commission In witness whereof c. Given at Dublin by the hands of our beloved in Christ Frier Thomas Burgey Prior of the Hospital of S. John of Jerusalem in Ireland our Chancellor of that Kingdom on the 30th of March being the 35th year of our reign Item James Botiller Earl of Ormond return'd to Ireland being made Lord Chief Justice as before whereupon the Earl of Kildare resign'd to him MCCCLXI Leonel son to the King of England and Earl of Ulster in right of his Wife came as the King's Lieutenant into Ireland and on the 8th of September being the Nativity of the blessed Virgin arriv'd at Dublin with his Wife Elizabeth the Daughter and Heir of William Lord Burk Earl of Ulster Another Pestilence happen'd this year There died in England Henry Duke of Lancaster the Earl of March and the Earl of Northampton Item On the 6th of January Moris Doncref a Citizen of Dublin was buried in the Church-yard of the Friers-predicants in this City having contributed 40 l. towards glazing the Church of that Convent Item There died this year Joan Fleming wife to Geffery Lord Trevers and Margaret Bermingham wife to Robert Lord Preston on S. Margaret's eve and were buried in the Church of the Friers-predicants of Tredagh Item Walter Lord Bermingham the younger died on S. Lawrence-day who left his Estate to be divided among his Sisters one of whose Shares came to the aforesaid Preston Item Leonel having arriv'd in Ireland and refresh'd himself for some few days enter'd into a War with O Brynne and made Proclamation in his Army That no Irish should be suffer'd to come near his Army One hundred of his own Pensioners were slain Leonel hereupon drew up both the English and the Irish into one body went on successfully and by God's mercy and this means grew victorious in all places against the Irish Among many both English and Irish whom he knighted were these Robert Preston Robert Holiwood Thomas Talbot Walter Cusacke James de la Hide John Ash and Patrick and Robert Ash Item He remov'd the Exchequer from Dublin to Carlagh and gave 500 l. towards walling the Town Item On the feast of S. Maur Abbot there happen'd a violent Wind that shook or blew down the Pinnacles Battlements Chimnies and such other Buildings as overtop'd the rest to be particular it blew down very many Trees and some Steeples for instance the Steeple of the Friers-predicants MCCCLXII In the 36th year of this King's reign and on the 8th of April S. Patrick's church in Dublin was burnt down through negligence MCCCLXIV In the 38th year of this reign Leonel Earl of Ulster arriv'd on the 22d of April in England leaving the Earl of Ormond to administer as his Deputy On the 8th of December following he return'd again MCCCLXV In the 39th of this reign Leonel Duke of Clarence went again into England leaving Sir Thomas Dale Knight Deputy-keeper and Chief Justice in his absencc MCCCLXVII A great feud arose between the Berminghams of Carbry and the People of Meth occasion'd by the depredations they had made in that Country Sir Robert Preston Knight Chief Baron of the Exchequer put a good Garrison into Carbry-castle and laid out a great deal of mony against the King's Enemies that he might be able to defend what he held in his Wife 's right Item Gerald Fitz-Moris Earl of Desmond was made Chief Justice of Ireland MCCCLXVIII In the 42d year of the same reign after a Parliament of the English and Irish Frier Thomas Burley Prior of Kylmaynon the King's Chancellor in Ireland John Fitz-Reicher Sheriff of Meth Sir Robert Tirill Baron of Castle-knoke and many more were taken Prisoners at Carbry by the Berminghams and others of that Town James Bermingham who was then kept in Irons as a Traytor in the castle of Trim was set at liberty in exchange for the Chancellor the rest were forc'd to ransom themselves Item The Church of S. Maries in Trim was burnt down by the negligent keeping of the fire in the monastery Item On the vigil of S. Luke the Evangelist Leonel Duke of Clarence died at Albe in Pyemont He was first buried in the city Papy near S. Augustin and afterwards in the Convent-church of the Austin Fryers at Clare in England MCCCLXIX In the 43d year cf this reign Sir Willium Windefore Knight a Person of great valour and courage being made the King's Deputy came into Ireland on the 12th of July to whom Gerald Fitz-Moris Earl of Desmond resign'd the office of Chief Justice MCCCLXX In the 44th year of this reign a Pestilence rag'd in Ireland more violent than either of the former two many of the Nobility and Gentry as also Citizens and Children innumerable died of it The same year Gerald Fitz-Maurice Earl of Desmond John Lord Nicholas Thomas Lord Fitz-John and many others of the Nobility were taken Prisoners on the 6th of July near the Monastery of Magie in the County of Limerick by O-Breen and Mac Comar of Thomond many were slain in the Fray Whereupon the Lieutenant went over to Limerick in order to defend Mounster leaving the War against the O-Tothiles and the rest in Leinster till some other opportunity This year died Robert Lord Terell Baron of Castle Knock together with his son and heir and his Wife Scolastica Houth so that the Inheritance was shared between Joan and Maud the sisters of the said Robert Terell Item Simon Lord Fleming Baron of Slane John Lord Cusak Baron of Colmolyn and John Taylor late mayor of Dublin a very
Frith 896. Ederington 173. Edeva 372. Edgar an Officiary Earl of Oxford 267. King Edgar 49 53 66 71 8â— 102 117 138 558 655. Edgcombs 10. Edgcomb Peter 28. Edgcot 279. Edghill 499 509. Edgworth 302 309 326. Edgware 306. Edilfred King of Northumberland 556. Edilwalcâ— 123 129 168 180. Edindon 88. Edindon Will. de 88. Editha 90 269 529. Edmonton 325. Edmund Ironside 48 63 217 234 246 310 327 343 468. Edmund Son to Henry 7 76. King Edmund kill'd 238. St. Edmund 365 368 375 379 384 398 399 477. St. Edmund 's Ditches â—08 Promontoâ—y 390 398. Edmund of Woodstock 213 4â—3 Edmund of Langley 302 412 434 757. Edmund Earl of Lancaster 317 319. Edmund Crouchback 450. Edmunds Hen. 728. S. Edmundsbury 368. Edred 196. EDRI 1050. Edrick Duke of Mercia 93. Edrick Sueona 546. Edrick Streona 239. Edrick Sylvaticus 586. Edward Son to King Alfred 349. K. Edward murder'd by Aelfrith 45. Edward the Elder 68 238 281 282 286 365 529. Edward the Confessor 44 52 145 256 318 339 342. Edward I. 318 650 665 695. Edward II. 53 236 237 246 247. Edward III. 145 156 318 695. Edward IV. 256 270 370 430 435 758. Edward V. 332 333. Edward VI. 214 318 696. Edward the Black Prince 15 198 302 695. Edward Son of Henry III. 236. Edward Son of Richard II 696. Edward Son of Henry VI. 234 696. Edward Son of George Duke of Clarence 507 508. Edward Son of Edmund Langley 412 757. Edwardeston 371. K. Edwn 156. Edwin a Saxon Potentate 578. Edwin expos'd to Sea in a small Shiff 47. Edwin a Dane 391 399. Edwin Earl of Richmond 757. Edwin Earl of Mercia 526. Edwin first Christian King of Northumberland 711 719 725 736. Effingham 156. Egbert Archbishop of York 719. Egbert King of the West-Saxons 13 99 106 307 308. Egbert King of Kent 201 221 222. Egelred Archbishop of York 721. Egelrick Abbot 462 778. Egelward 521. Egerton Tho. Lord Chancellor 550. Egertons a Family 557 560. Earls of Bridgwater 78. Egfrid the Northumbrian 558 755 772 779 780 784 795. Egga Earl of Lincoln 474. Egremond Joh 756. Eglwys Abernoâ— 641. Eglesfield Robert 273. Egleston 773. Eglington-castle and Family 914. Egremont 821. Egwine Bishop 521. Ehed in Welsh 587. Eight an Island 234. Eike 365. Eilrick 865. Eimot 808 817. Eira 952. Eire Simon 323. Ela Count. of Sarum 88 93. Elaia 597. Eland 708. Eldad Bish of Glouc. 247. Elden-hole or Eden-hole 495 498. Edol E. of Gloucester 251. K. Eldred 762 768. Eleanor Sister to Henry III. 504. Wife to Edward I. 18â— 279 282 285 289 305 308 320 321 325 434 469. Wife to Henry III. 97 109 317. Daughter of William Molineâ— 141. â—â—fe to James Earl of Abingdon 104 275. Daughter of Humph Bohun 319 580. Daughter of Tho. Holland 6â—2 ELECTRIDA 1103. Edenburrow 824. Elephants xlv their Bones 347. Elesford 194. Elentherius Bish of Winchester 86. Eâ—â—giva 48. Elford 537. Elfwold 796 853. Elfrick Archb. 110. Elgina 943 955. Eâ—â—am 200. Eligug 640. Elingdon 106. Eâ—â—iot Sir Th. 97. Q. Elizabeth 100 148 152 177 189 192 214 318 342 696 773. Elizabeth Daughter of Baron Marney 45. Daughter of Sir J. Moigne 47 48. Wife of W. Montacute 58. Sister of J. Grey 139. Countess of Guildford 161. Countess of Winchelsea 82 317. Daughter of Henr. Stafford 180. Daughter of the Duke of Norfork 18â— Lady Dacres 219. Wife of Henry VII 3â—8 Daughter of the Earl of Rutland 319. Princess of Orange 333. Daughter of W. de Burgo â—â—0 Wife to K. Edw. IV. 413. Ella 420. Ellandunum 90. Ellan u ' Frugadory 1019. Ellenhall 531 538. Ellesmer 550. Ellestre 302 305. Ellingham 131. Ellis Tho. 724. Sir William 478. Elmesley 754. Elmet 711. Elmham 374. 393 401. Elmley-castle 520. Elmore 235. Elphege 80. Elphingston a Barony 922. William 940. Elrich-road 462. Elsing 393. Elstow 287. Eltesley 403 420. Eltham 189. John de 15 22 319 506. Elton 424 430. Elwy-river 687. Ely 408. Emeline Daughter of Ursus D'Abtot 520 522. Emely 983. Emildon 860. Emlin 624 626. Emma 44. Enderbies 288. Enermeve Hugh 463. Enfield 325 326. Engains 438 471. Engerstan 342 346. England and English cxxxiii cxxxiv. English-men Guardâ— to the Emperor of Constantinople clxiiii Eniawn 586. Enion Brhenon 691. Enion of Kadivor 609. Eniscort 992. Ensham 254. Entweissel 787. Enzie 955. Eohric 408. Eoldermen clxxii Eoster cxxx Eoves 521. EPIDIUM 1071. EPIDII 925 931. Episcopal Seeâ— translated out of Towns into Cities 168 533. Epiton 175. Epping-forest 355. Epsom 165. Equiso clxix Equites clxxix Eraugh 977. Erchenwald 153 34â— Erdburrow 448. Erdeswicks 531. ERDINI 1009. Erdsley 577. Eresby 47â— 478. Ereskins 922. Ereskin John 942. Thomas 896. Erghum Ralph 79. Eridge 179. S. Erkenwald 315. Ermingard 281. Erming-street 403 424. Ern riv 929. Erwash riv 484 492. Eryth 409. Erytheia 455. Erwr Porth 654. Eschallers Steph. de 4â—3 Escourt 111. Escricke 721 736. Escroin 111. Esk riv 834 897. Eskilling 54. Eslington 859. Espec Walter 735 754. Esquires clxxxiâ— Essedae xxxiii xli Essenden 456. Essex family 142 342. William de ibid. Swaine de 341. Henry de â—43 Essex County 339. Essengraves 200. Eston 345. Estotevills 463 715 754 756 834. Estotevill Robert 738. Esturmy a family 97. Etat 862. Ethelardus 512. Ethelbald King of the Mercians 460. Ethelbert first christian King of the Saxons 344. King of the East-angles 371 576 578. Ethelbury-hill 579. S. Ethelreda 409. Ethelreda 367. Etheldred King 49 61 62 117 156 774 803. Ethelfeda 235 445 492 50â— 511 529 537 538 551 54â— 558 560 563 590. Ethelhelm 100. Ethelwald Clito 86. Ethelwold Bishop of Winchester 410 41â— K. Ethelwolph 142 155. Ethered 485. ETOCETVM 550 534 537. Eva Q. of the Mercians 235. Eubaea 207. Eubo 956. Eudo 28 351 437 443 470 471. Evershot 45. Evell 58. Evelmouth 62. Evelins 164 214. Evelin Sir John 107. George â—6â— 164. John 2â—4 Evenlode riv 254. Evereux Walter de 93. Everinghams 483. Everley 97 110. Evers 754 775 859. Eversdon 2â—3 Evesham 521. Eugenius K. of Cumberland 861. Euguinum 792. EYAIMENON GABRANTOVICORVM 740. Eumer 736. Eure 729 283. Eure a family 279 753. Eusdale 906. Eustace 196. Eustachius 754. Euston 380. Ewe in Noâ—mandy 177 191 707. Ewell 217. Ewelme 266. Ewias a family 85 574 578. Ewias Robert Earl of 575. Ewias mountains 589. Ewias 595. Ex riv 29. Exanmouth 32. Exchequer clxv Exeter 30. Earls of 791. Ex Island 31 32. Exminster 32. Exmore 29. EXTENSIO 374. Exton 423. Eya 345. Eymouth 901. Eysteney 374. Eynsham 479. Eythorp 280. F. FABARIA 1104. Fair foreland 1020. Fairfax Tho. Lord 736. Tho. 734. Samuel 512. Henry 732. a noble family 708 755. Fairford 235 250. Fairley 237. Fair Isle 1073. Fakenham 386. Falcons 632. Falkirk 926. Falkland 928. Falkesley 529 530. Falmouth 7. Falstoff Sir John 388. Fane le despenser 191 192. Fanellham 399. Fare what 537. Farendon 137. Fariemeiol 238. Farle 108. Farley castle 69 105. Tho. 235. Farmers 430. Farmington 249. Farn Island 1103.