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pars_fw-la secunda_fw-la seu_fw-la herbarum_fw-la distributio_fw-la nova_fw-la per_fw-la tabulas_fw-la cognationis_fw-la &_o affinitatis_fw-la ex_fw-la libro_fw-la naturae_fw-la observata_fw-la &_o detecta_fw-la authore_fw-la roberto_n morison_n med._n d._n &_o professor_n botanico_n regio_n folio_fw-la lactantius_n de_fw-fr mortibus_fw-la persecutorum_fw-la libre_fw-la accesserunt_fw-la s._n s._n perpetuae_fw-la &_o felicitatis_fw-la s_o maximiliani_n s._n felicis_n of_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o church_n a_o discourse_n write_v 1430_o year_n since_o in_o the_o time_n of_o decius_n the_o persecute_v emperor_n by_o cyprian_a bishop_n of_o carthage_n and_o martyr_n most_o useful_a for_o allay_v the_o present_a heat_n and_o reconcile_a the_o difference_n among_o we_o quarto_fw-la price_n 6._o d._n direction_n for_o the_o book-binder_n to_o place_v the_o map_n of_o this_o second_o volume_n of_o the_o english_a atlas_n 1_o germania_n pag._n 1_o 2_o albis_n fluvius_n generalis_fw-la pag._n 4_o 3_o circa_n hamburgensis_n pag._n 4_o 4_o saxonia_n inferior_n pag._n 53_o 5_o bremensis_n ducatus_fw-la pag._n 56_o 6_o lunenburgensis_n ducatus_fw-la pag._n 64_o 7_o mecklenburg_n ducatus_fw-la pag._n 69_o 8_o pomerania_n pag._n 76_o 9_o rugia_n insula_n pag._n 81_o 10_o marchia_n brandenburgensis_n pag._n 85_o 11_o vetus_fw-la vulgo_fw-la altmarck_n pag._n 88_o 89_o 12_o mittle_a marck_n pag._n 88_o 89_o 13_o nova_fw-la vulgo_fw-la newmarck_n pag._n 90_o 14_o anhalt_n principatus_fw-la &_o magdeburg_n ep._n 92_o 15_o brunsvicensis_fw-la pag._n 96_o 16_o luneburgensis_fw-la pag._n 101._o 17_o hildesheimensis_n pag._n 105._o 18_o halberstadiensis_fw-la pag._n 107._o 19_o turingia_n pag._n 109._o 20_o mansfeldiae_fw-la comitatus_fw-la pag._n 111._o 21_o saxonia_n superior_a pag._n 113_o 22_o misnia_n &_o voitlandia_n pag._n 115._o 23_o lusatia_n pag._n 119._o 24_o silesia_n ducatus_fw-la pag._n 121_o 25_o inferior_a pag._n 121_o 26_o gloganus_n ducatus_fw-la pag._n 124_o 27_o volaviensis_fw-la ducatus_fw-la pag._n 124_o 28_o breslaviensis_fw-la ducatus_fw-la pag._n 125_o 29_o lignicensis_fw-la pag._n 125_o 30_o grotganus_fw-la pag._n 126_o 31_o glatz_n comitatus_fw-la pag._n 127_o 32_o moravia_n pag._n 129_o 33_o bohemia_n pag._n 133_o 34_o franconia_n pag._n 137_o 35_o terriorium_n francofurtense_n pag._n 139_o 36_o henneburgensis_n ducatus_fw-la pag._n 140_o 141_o 37_o werthemiensis_fw-la comit._n pag._n 140_o 141_o 38_o river_n rhein_n pag._n 4_o 39_o palatinatus_n rheni_n pag._n 4_o 40_o badensis_fw-la marchionatus_fw-la pag._n 145_o 41_o alsatia_n pag._n 148_o 42_o upper_a alsatia_n pag._n 148_o 43_o lower_v alsatia_n pag._n 148_o 44_o strasburg_n pag._n 149_o 45_o wertenburgensis_n ducatus_fw-la pag._n 150_o
finish_v herman_n de_fw-fr salza_n master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n give_v law_n and_o constitution_n die_v kulmsche_n handveste_n for_o its_o government_n a_o specimen_fw-la of_o which_o ancient_a canon_n be_v give_v by_o lambecius_n out_o of_o a_o old_a dutch_a manuscript_n in_o the_o emperor_n library_n at_o vienna_n the_o city_n at_o present_a look_n old_a and_o ruinous_a but_o be_v still_o a_o bishop_n sec._n the_o lutheran_n be_v permit_v the_o exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n in_o private_a house_n by_o a_o public_a edict_n sign_v and_o publish_v in_o this_o city_n by_o john_n malachowski_n bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n the_o thirteen_o of_o march_n 1678._o 4._o thoorn_v build_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o culm_n by_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n for_o a_o post_n against_o the_o heathen_a prussian_n but_o not_o in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o now_o stand_v old_a thoorn_v be_v seat_v a_o mile_n westward_o from_o the_o new_a where_o to_o this_o day_n 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at_o dantzig_n it_o owe_v much_o of_o its_o beauty_n to_o henry_n stroband_n burgomaster_n of_o the_o town_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1609._o he_o build_v the_o gymnasium_n here_o and_o endow_v it_o with_o a_o considerable_a revenue_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o several_a lecturer_n and_o poor_a scholar_n he_o found_v also_o the_o hospital_n and_o public_a library_n and_o build_v anew_o the_o town-hall_n which_o be_v it_o not_o of_o late_o outdo_v by_o the_o stadthuis_n at_o amsterdam_n may_v be_v reckon_v the_o stately_a in_o europe_n of_o its_o kind_n the_o rest_n of_o this_o country_n comprchend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o ducal_z prussia_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o therefore_o as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n shall_v be_v treat_v of_o in_o the_o description_n of_o germany_n the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n whence_o this_o large_a and_o noble_a country_n shall_v have_v its_o name_n be_v utter_o unknown_a lithvania_n lithvania_n it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o bring_v the_o word_n from_o the_o latin_a lituus_fw-la a_o hunting-horn_n because_o forsooth_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v much_o addict_v to_o hunt_v erasmus_fw-la stella_fw-la a_o historian_n of_o good_a credit_n tell_v we_o some_o prussian_n under_o the_o command_n of_o litwo_n one_o of_o their_o king_n son_n come_v into_o these_o part_n about_o the_o year_n 573_o and_o call_v the_o land_n after_o their_o captain_n name_n litwania_n or_o litvania_n the_o polish_v historian_n agree_v general_o in_o this_o story_n that_o palaemon_n fly_v the_o fury_n of_o attyla_n leave_v rome_n and_o come_v with_o several_a italian_n into_o this_o country_n who_o give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o la_fw-fr italia_n which_o be_v afterward_o corrupt_v into_o lithvania_n the_o lithvanians_n themselves_o glory_n in_o this_o derivation_n of_o the_o name_n of_o their_o country_n and_o prove_v this_o story_n of_o palaemon_n true_a by_o the_o roman_a name_n of_o their_o noble_n vrsin_n column_n julian_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o etymology_n seem_v too_o far_o fetch_v stella_n aim_v fair_a though_o he_o miss_v the_o mark_n a_o little_a for_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o prussian_n do_v conquer_v this_o land_n and_o seat_n themselves_o in_o it_o though_o the_o additional_a story_n of_o prince_n litwo_n seem_v feign_v more_o likely_a it_o be_v that_o the_o prussian_n not_o satisfy_v with_o their_o change_n call_v the_o country_n lithvania_n from_o litwo_n which_o in_o the_o ancient_a prussian_a language_n signify_v a_o vagabond_n or_o wanderer_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v the_o alani_n inhabitant_n ancient_a inhabitant_n since_o the_o lithvanians_n do_v still_o retain_v some_o footstep_n of_o the_o name_n of_o these_o people_n in_o their_o lithalani_n and_o roxalani_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v compare_v the_o account_n which_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n give_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o ancient_a alani_n with_o what_o the_o best_a author_n say_v of_o the_o old_a lithvanians_n will_v easy_o perceive_v that_o they_o be_v not_o both_o one_o nation_n their_o language_n sufficient_o prove_v they_o to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o original_n with_o the_o prussian_n and_o what_o that_o be_v we_o tell_v you_o before_o about_o the_o year_n 1235_o ringeld_n son_n of_o gimbut_n government_n alteration_n of_o government_n of_o the_o posterity_n of_o palaemon_n be_v say_v to_o have_v first_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o great_a duke_n of_o lithvania_n in_o the_o year_n 1319_o gedimin_n who_o first_o build_v vilna_n refuse_v to_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o russian_a and_o enter_v novogrod_v with_o a_o army_n take_v volodimir_n and_o make_v all_o volhinia_n swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o magistracy_n of_o lithvania_n how_o large_a the_o dukedom_n be_v may_v appear_v from_o the_o vast_a territory_n he_o leave_v to_o each_o of_o his_o seven_o son_n at_o his_o death_n to_o montvid_n he_o give_v kiernova_n and_o slomin_v to_o narimund_n pinsko_n mozyr_n and_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o volodimir_n to_o olgierd_v creve_n and_o the_o country_n beyond_o as_o far_o as_o beresine_n to_o kieystut_n samogitia_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o troce_n lida_n vpide_v and_o subsylvania_n to_o coriat_n novogrod_n and_o volkowiski_n to_o lubart_n volodomir_n and_o volhinia_n to_o his_o young_a son_n jaunut_n vilna_n osmia_n and_o braslaw_n design_v he_o for_o great_a duke_n but_o soon_o after_o when_o the_o tartar_n begin_v to_o infest_v volhinia_n and_o kiow_n jaunut_n be_v depose_v and_o his_o brother_n olgierd_v make_v great_a duke_n in_o his_o place_n he_o in_o the_o year_n 1331_o fall_v upon_o the_o tartar_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o podolia_n which_o they_o have_v keep_v for_o some_o year_n about_o the_o same_o time_n demetrius_n duke_n of_o moscovy_n send_v a_o ambassador_n into_o lithuania_n to_o demand_v a_o restitution_n of_o all_o those_o province_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o russia_n the_o great_a duke_n immediate_o upon_o his_o arrival_n commit_v he_o to_o close_a custody_n and_o march_v forthwith_o in_o the_o head_n of_o his_o army_n towards_o moscovy_n surprise_v the_o duke_n in_o his_o palace_n and_o force_v he_o to_o accept_v of_o a_o peace_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o for_o the_o future_a the_o bound_n of_o lithuania_n shall_v reach_v as_o far_o as_o moscow_n and_o the_o river_n vgra_fw-mi when_o vladislaus_n jagello_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1386_o he_o promise_v that_o from_o thence_o forward_a the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithuania_n shall_v be_v annex_v to_o that_o crown_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o lithvanian_a and_o russian_a nobility_n take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o poland_n which_o be_v repeat_v in_o the_o year_n 1401_o and_o 1414._o but_o this_o obligation_n they_o afterward_o shake_v off_o for_o when_o the_o polander_n desire_v to_o join_v volhinia_n podolia_n and_o some_o other_o province_n of_o russia_n to_o their_o own_o kingdom_n the_o lithuanian_n loath_a to_o part_v with_o so_o fair_a possession_n oppose_v they_o with_o that_o vehemence_n that_o for_o several_a year_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o continual_a skirmish_n between_o the_o two_o nation_n at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1566_o difference_n begin_v to_o be_v compose_v which_o be_v final_o determine_v a._n d._n 1569_o by_o article_n draw_v up_o and_o subscribe_v to_o by_o both_o party_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o several_a ambassador_n of_o other_o nation_n the_o principle_n article_n agree_v upon_o be_v these_o that_o the_o lithuanian_n shall_v for_o the_o future_a disclaim_v all_o right_a and_o title_n to_o the_o province_n of_o podlachia_n and_o volhinia_n and_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kiow_n that_o they_o shall_v never_o by_o themselves_o elect_v a_o great_a duke_n but_o upon_o a_o vacancy_n repair_v to_o the_o place_n whither_o they_o
archbishopric_n of_o rheims_n fie_v to_o ansgar_a archbishop_n of_o hamburg_n by_o who_o he_o be_v make_v bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n he_o govern_v the_o church_n twelve_o year_n 4._o alfred_n founder_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o asvelde_n and_o seligensted_n he_o be_v bishop_n eighteen_o year_n 5._o marquard_n slay_v by_o the_o norman_n and_o dane_n a._n d._n 880._o who_o in_o his_o day_n overrun_v saxony_n westphalia_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o netherlands_o 6._o wigbert_n a_o better_a physician_n than_o divine_a who_o leave_v no_o monument_n behind_o he_o but_o a_o small_a book_n of_o medicinal_a receipt_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 884._o 7._o walbert_n of_o who_o little_o more_o be_v record_v then_o that_o he_o be_v bishop_n and_o die_v a._n d._n 903._o 8._o sehard_n who_o be_v two_o and_o twenty_o year_n bishop_n 9_o deuthard_n he_o give_v the_o communion-table_n of_o gold_n still_o keep_v in_o the_o cathedral_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 936._o 10._o ochwin_n abbot_n of_o perge_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v present_v to_o this_o church_n as_o a_o holy_a relic_n the_o body_n of_o epiphanius_n he_o govern_v 28_o year_n 11._o osdach_n 12._o gerhard_n who_o annex_v the_o two_o village_n of_o algermissen_n and_o silbrechthusen_v to_o the_o diocese_n 13._o bernhard_n count_n of_o sommerschenburg_n founder_n of_o st._n michael_n monastery_n 14._o gothard_n founder_n of_o st._n bartholomew_n church_n and_o monastery_n 15._o dithmar_n 16._o aziline_n or_o anselm_n 17._o heziline_n who_o some_o historian_n call_v echilo_n other_o hezel_n or_o wezel_n 18._o vdo_fw-la 19_o bruning_n 20._o berthold_n 21._o bernhard_n count_n of_o rotenburg_n founder_n of_o st._n gotthard_n monastery_n in_o remembrance_n of_o his_o predecessor_n of_o that_o name_n he_o annex_v the_o county_n of_o wintzenburg_n to_o this_o bishopric_n 22._o bruno_n 23._o herman_n 24._o adelgad_a 25._o berno_n 26._o conrade_n i._n 27._o heribert_n 28._o sigefride_n 29._o conrade_n ii_o founder_n of_o six_o monastery_n and_o nunnery_n whereof_o three_o be_v build_v in_o hildesheim_n and_o the_o rest_n at_o franckberg_n near_o goslar_n wulfinghausen_n and_o wintzhausen_n 30._o henry_n 31._o john_n who_o annex_v to_o his_o bishopric_n the_o county_n and_o city_n of_o peine_fw-fr 32._o otto_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lune_fw-fr burg_v who_o throw_v the_o count_n of_o woldenberg_n out_o or_o their_o estate_n annex_v they_o to_o his_o own_o diocese_n 33._o sigefride_n count_n of_o quernford_n founder_n of_o the_o city_n of_o gruncw_n and_o a_o great_a benefactor_n to_o sarstede_n and_o levenburg_n 34._o henry_n duke_n of_o waldenberge_n who_o enlarge_v the_o diocese_n with_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o county_n of_o damsel_n 35._o otto_n ii_o by_o who_o be_v add_v bockelem_n latter_a barenberg_n and_o the_o county_n of_o pfaffenburg_n now_o poppenburg_n to_o the_o bishopric_n 36._o henry_n the_o three_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n who_o give_v to_o the_o diocese_n the_o county_n of_o schladen_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o widenlage_n and_o woldenstein_n 37._o john_n schadeband_n 38._o gerhard_n baron_n of_o berge_n near_o minden_n of_o who_o buntingus_n report_v that_o he_o cover_v the_o tower_n of_o the_o cathedral_n at_o hildesheim_n with_o beat_a gold_n instead_o of_o lead_n 39_o john_n the_o three_o earl_n of_o hoya_n 40._o magnus_n duke_n of_o saxon-lawenburg_a who_o give_v the_o town_n of_o grune_n and_o hamelen_n with_o the_o county_n of_o homburg_n 41._o bernhard_n duke_n of_o luneburg_n 42._o ernest_n count_n of_o schavenburg_n 43._o henning_n 44._o barthold_n 45._o eric_n duke_n of_o saxon-lawenburg_a 46._o john_n brother_n to_o his_o predecessor_n eric_n this_o bishop_n lose_v more_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n then_o all_o his_o predecessor_n have_v bestow_v on_o the_o bishopric_n 47._o balthasar_z merklin_n a_o doctor_n of_o law_n and_o deputy-chancellor_n to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n v._n 48._o otto_n iii_o count_n of_o schowenburg_n 49._o valentine_n von_fw-mi thereleben_n a_o doctor_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n who_o sue_v the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n in_o the_o emperor_n court_n and_o recover_v back_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o lose_a bishopric_n 50._o frideric_n duke_n of_o holstein_n 51._o burchard_n some_o say_v nicolas_n von_n oberg_n 52._o ernest_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n 53._o ferdinand_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n archbishop_n and_o elector_n of_o collen_n 54._o maximilian-henry_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o collen_n and_o bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n bear_v duke_n of_o bavaria_n the_o eight_o day_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o other_o town_n and_o place_n of_o note_n in_o the_o diocese_n of_o hildesheim_n be_v 1._o peina_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o small_a city_n on_o the_o river_n fuse_n about_o twelve_o english_a mile_n from_o brunswic_n the_o town_n itself_o stand_v in_o a_o plain_a but_o the_o castle_n mention_v by_o latin_a author_n under_o the_o name_n of_o castrum_n poynum_n and_o represent_v as_o the_o chief_a bulwark_n of_o this_o bishopric_n be_v mount_v on_o a_o hill_n not_o far_o from_o peina_n be_v fight_v a_o famous_a battle_n in_o the_o year_n 1553_o betwixt_o maurice_n elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o albrecht_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n wherein_o the_o latter_a be_v conqueror_n and_o the_o former_a slay_v 2._o marienborg_n a_o fort_n not_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o hildesheim_n and_o situate_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o innerste_fw-mi it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o bishop_n henry_n iii_o when_o he_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n by_o the_o too_o powerful_a duke_n of_o brunswic_n 3._o poppenburg_n 4._o dassel_n 5._o bokenem_fw-la 6._o woldenburg_n with_o some_o other_o all_o of_o they_o chief_a town_n in_o so_o many_o county_n of_o the_o same_o name_n but_o of_o little_a other_o consequence_n episcopatus_n halberstadensis_fw-la descriptio_fw-la nova_fw-la exit_fw-la officina_fw-la jâ—â—â—sonis-waesbergione_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n 〈◊〉_d stephan_n swart_a the_o principality_n of_o halberstad_n irenicus_n be_v opinion_n that_o the_o city_n of_o halberstad_n which_o give_v name_n to_o this_o principapality_n be_v the_o same_o place_n with_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mention_v by_o ptolemy_n this_o conjecture_n though_o never_o confirm_v by_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o reason_n be_v embrace_v by_o appian_n a_o author_n not_o much_o give_v to_o mistake_n but_o whence_o it_o get_v the_o new_a name_n of_o halberstadt_n be_v not_o agree_v on_o bertius_fw-la a_o learned_a geographer_n but_o one_o that_o in_o this_o particular_a rely_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o authority_n of_o bruschius_n and_o schopper_n derive_v the_o word_n from_o a_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o rivers_n elb_n and_o ora_n neither_o of_o which_o come_v near_o this_o city_n dresser_n read_v the_o word_n albertistatt_fw-mi and_o werdenhagen_n with_o the_o most_o probability_n on_o his_o side_n guess_v from_o the_o imperfect_a foundation_n of_o as_o much_o build_n as_o be_v now_o stand_v still_o to_o be_v see_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o town_n and_o be_v never_o finish_v that_o its_o name_n be_v right_o at_o first_o give_v it_o halbe-statt_a or_o half_o a_o city_n this_o principality_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n as_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n as_o any_o of_o its_o neighbour-province_n and_o excel_v the_o most_o of_o they_o for_o pleasant_a forest_n and_o plenty_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o venison_n the_o large_a park_n in_o it_o be_v the_o hackel_n lie_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o country_n and_z giving_z name_n to_o the_o ancient_a barony_n of_o hackelborn_n in_o that_o neighbourhood_n on_o the_o north-west_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o fenny_a bog_n and_o marsh_n for_o some_o mile_n over_o which_o they_o have_v dam_n throw_v up_o and_o upon_o they_o highway_n lead_v to_o helmstadt_n brunswic_n etc._n etc._n the_o bishopric_n halberstadt_n which_o be_v only_o turn_v into_o a_o principality_n by_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n in_o the_o year_n 1648._o be_v first_o found_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a at_o salingstatt_n call_v afterward_o ostrowick_n in_o the_o year_n 780._o but_o soon_o after_o with_o permission_n of_o the_o same_o emperor_n be_v remove_v to_o this_o place_n by_o its_o first_o bishop_n hildegrine_n who_o be_v succeed_v in_o his_o diocese_n by_o the_o follow_a prelate_n 2._o dietgrine_n 3._o haymo_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 827_o leave_v behind_o he_o large_a commentary_n on_o the_o prophet_n and_o apostle_n some_o whereof_z be_v still_o extant_a 4._o hildegrine_n the_o second_o 5._o evelp_v 6._o sigismond_n monk_n of_o hirsaug_n 7._o bernhard_n burggrave_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o founder_n of_o the_o monastery_n at_o hadmersheim_n 8._o hildeward_n count_n of_o warlow_n 9_o arnold_n 10._o brantho_n 11._o burcard_n count_n of_o woburg_n bernard_n bucho_n 13._o dietmar_n 14._o harrand_v who_o some_o author_n call_v stephen_n 15._o reinhard_n who_o fight_v against_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o five_o in_o the_o wood_n of_o welpho_n and_o rout_v his_o
tract_n in_o latin_a contain_v its_o description_n and_o virtue_n the_o other_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o river_n in_o silesia_n rivers_n rivers_n it_o spring_v near_o the_o town_n oder_fw-ge not_o far_o from_o teschen_n on_o the_o border_n of_o moravia_n and_o pass_v by_o ratibor_n cossel_n oppelen_n brieg_n brieslaw_n glogaw_n beuthen_n and_o crossen_n with_o some_o more_o city_n of_o less_o note_n before_o it_o leave_v this_o dukedom_n other_o remarkable_a river_n be_v the_o bober_n neisse_n ohla_n and_o queiss_n beside_o these_o it_o be_v the_o honour_n of_o silesia_n that_o the_o vistula_n the_o best_a river_n in_o poland_n and_o the_o elb_n spring_v out_o of_o its_o mountain_n there_o be_v also_o in_o this_o country_n good_a store_n of_o pond_n and_o lake_n which_o yield_v plenty_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fresh_a water_n fish_n especial_o lamprey_n which_o be_v catch_v in_o prodigious_a quantity_n in_o the_o neisslish_a sea_n and_o some_o other_o water_n other_o commodity_n of_o the_o land_n be_v mad_a â—â—moâ—â—ies_n â—â—moâ—â—ies_n flax_n sweet_a cane_n or_o galengal_n wine_n especial_o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sagan_n and_o crossen_n silver_n copper_n lead_v iron_n and_o chalk_n they_o have_v plenty_n of_o saltpetre_n and_o some_o good_a salt_n though_o not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o be_v sufficient_a for_o their_o own_o use_n so_o that_o daily_o great_a quantity_n of_o this_o commodity_n be_v bring_v in_o from_o poland_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n they_o have_v all_o the_o sort_n of_o wild_a and_o tame_a beast_n that_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n afford_v butter_n cheese_n particular_o a_o kind_n of_o pitiful_a stuff_n make_v of_o ewe_n milk_n bacon_n honey_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o great_a trade_v commodity_n they_o have_v be_v wool_n and_o flax._n silesia_n have_v breed_v several_a good_a scholar_n and_o brisk_a wit_n â—â—abiâ—â—ts_n â—â—abiâ—â—ts_n though_o the_o ordinary_a rustic_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o people_n of_o a_o shallow_a understanding_n and_o small_a sense_n they_o be_v common_o in_o way_n of_o derision_n style_v by_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n eselsfresser_n or_o ass-eater_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o nickname_n some_o say_v be_v this_o a_o blunt_a country_n rustic_a travel_v from_o near_a breslaw_n into_o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n '_o spy_v in_o a_o field_n a_o ass_n feed_v which_o the_o poor_a fellow_n have_v never_o before_o see_v the_o like_a creature_n mistake_v unhappy_o for_o a_o overgrow_a hare_n whereupon_o discharge_v his_o blunderbuss_n he_o shoot_v the_o strange_a beast_n and_o bring_v it_o home_o to_o his_o friend_n and_o acquaintance_n who_o be_v a_o pack_n of_o bumpkin_n of_o no_o long_a head_n than_o himself_o roast_a and_o eat_v up_o the_o outlandish_a puss_n this_o be_v the_o relation_n which_o the_o common_a people_n of_o silesia_n give_v of_o their_o title_n another_o story_n be_v that_o the_o miner_n at_o reichenstein_n not_o far_o from_o glatz_n have_v discover_v a_o vein_n of_o gold-ore_n which_o they_o name_v der_fw-mi guldener_n esel_n lay_v at_o it_o continual_o be_v resolve_v that_o no_o stranger_n or_o foreigner_n shall_v share_v with_o they_o in_o the_o treasure_n and_o hence_o they_o get_v the_o name_n of_o ass-eater_n from_o stuff_v their_o purse_n and_o not_o their_o carcase_n but_o this_o late_a narrative_a may_n possible_o have_v be_v contrive_v by_o some_o of_o the_o silesian_n wit_n who_o by_o this_o mean_n be_v in_o hope_n to_o wear_v off_o the_o disgrace_n and_o ignominy_n of_o the_o former_a some_o of_o they_o like_o the_o boar_n of_o italy_n and_o bohemia_n have_v a_o custom_n of_o reckon_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n from_o the_o snnset_a but_o few_o of_o the_o nobility_n observe_v that_o method_n the_o lieutenantship_n of_o silesia_n be_v for_o some_o time_n commit_v to_o mathias_n corvinus_n king_n of_o hungary_n but_o afterward_o be_v confer_v upon_o the_o bishop_n of_o breslaw_n until_o the_o emperor_n rudolf_n ii_o decree_v that_o this_o charge_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o some_o of_o the_o temporal_a prince_n of_o that_o nation_n who_o be_v to_o be_v nominate_v as_o well_o as_o the_o subordinate_a lieutenant_n of_o the_o several_a petty_a dukedom_n or_o county_n by_o the_o council_n chamber_n at_o prague_n to_o who_o be_v also_o commit_v at_o the_o the_o same_o time_n the_o supreme_a inspection_n into_o all_o lawcase_n and_o the_o different_a administration_n of_o justice_n in_o all_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o each_o particular_a province_n christianity_n be_v first_o plant_v in_o poland_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o silesia_n religion_n religion_n which_o be_v then_o a_o part_n of_o that_o great_a dukedom_n about_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o nine_o and_o beginning_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o religion_n in_o these_o part_n the_o polander_n and_o silesian_n be_v wont_a to_o assemble_v themselves_o in_o wood_n and_o other_o desert_n place_n of_o the_o land_n for_o fear_n of_o lay_v themselves_o too_o open_a to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o their_o magistrate_n who_o be_v man_n of_o another_o persuasion_n but_o at_o last_o christianity_n be_v admit_v to_o court_n for_o mieceslaus_n duke_n of_o poland_n have_v marry_v drambronica_n daughter_n of_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o bohemia_n a_o christian_n be_v himself_o baptize_v at_o gnesna_n in_o the_o year_n 965._o whereupon_o he_o cause_v nine_o bishopric_n to_o be_v erect_v in_o his_o dominion_n among_o which_o one_o be_v found_v at_o schmogra_fw-la in_o silesia_n which_o be_v afterward_o remove_v to_o bitschen_n and_o at_o length_n fix_v at_o breslaw_n soon_o after_o the_o reformation_n begin_v by_o luther_n the_o augsburg_n confession_n be_v bring_v hither_o and_o at_o last_o confirm_v by_o the_o emperor_n rudolph_n ii_o in_o the_o year_n 1609._o but_o ferdinand_n ii_o ah_o bloody_a persecutor_n of_o the_o protestant_n repeal_v that_o charter_n allow_v the_o public_a profession_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n to_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n and_o some_o few_o town_n more_o and_o that_o too_o with_o several_a limitation_n and_o restriction_n however_o that_o emperor_n be_v sensible_a before_o his_o death_n how_o vain_a it_o be_v to_o endeavour_v the_o extirpation_n of_o protestant_n and_o the_o whole_a empire_n some_o year_n after_o groan_v under_o the_o dismal_a effect_n of_o his_o misguide_a zeal_n for_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o silesian_n be_v at_o this_o day_n general_o lutheran_n only_o some_o few_o of_o the_o nobility_n with_o their_o dependent_n adhere_v still_o to_o the_o superstition_n and_o foppery_n of_o the_o romanist_n we_o have_v hitherto_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o general_a account_n of_o the_o vast_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n and_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o a_o more_o particular_a survey_n of_o the_o several_a petty_a province_n which_o make_v up_o this_o large_a territory_n begin_v with_o i._o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n in_o the_o time_n that_o the_o silesian_n prince_n be_v dukedom_n dukedom_n by_o the_o subtlety_n of_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n set_v at_o variance_n and_o enmity_n among_o themselves_o of_o which_o stratagem_n we_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n this_o dukedom_n be_v first_o separate_v from_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o silesia_n dominion_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1272_o the_o city_n of_o crossen_n be_v pawn_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n but_o redeem_v within_o two_o year_n after_o by_o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n four_o year_n after_o this_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n pawn_v it_o a_o second_o time_n to_o john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n for_o four_o thousand_o crown_n towards_o the_o ransom_n of_o their_o duke_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o marquis_n shall_v not_o give_v assistance_n to_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o lignitz_n in_o his_o war_n against_o their_o city_n not_o long_o after_o crossen_n be_v again_o redeem_v out_o of_o the_o marquise_n hand_n but_o john_n the_o great_a common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o cicero_n germanicus_n get_v possession_n of_o it_o a_o second_o time_n in_o lieu_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o ducat_n owe_v he_o for_o his_o wife_n portion_n again_o john_n duke_n of_o sagan_n deliver_v up_o this_o dukedom_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o john_n the_o three_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n in_o the_o year_n 1391._o last_o joachim_n ii_o and_o his_o brother_n john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n have_v the_o sole_a and_o entire_a possession_n of_o this_o dukedom_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o first_o king_n of_o bohemia_n since_o which_o time_n the_o elector_n have_v always_o enjoy_v it_o and_o style_v themselves_o duke_n of_o crossen_n in_o silesia_n crossen_n city_n city_n in_o the_o language_n of_o some_o of_o the_o native_n of_o this_o country_n signify_v the_o outmost_a seam_n or_o selvidge_n
generis_fw-la quam_fw-la meritis_fw-la in_o patriam_fw-la honoratiss_fw-la o_o viro_fw-la d._n o_o nicolao_n von_n bodeck_n consuli_fw-la et_fw-la primario_fw-la judici_fw-la in_o celeberrion_n totius_fw-la maris_fw-la baltici_n emporio_fw-la urbe_fw-la gedanensi_fw-la artium_fw-la literarumque_fw-la â—autori_fw-la benevolentiss_fw-la o_o d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n masovia_n masovia_n call_v by_o the_o polander_n mazowsze_v by_o the_o german_n die_v masaw_n lie_v in_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o poland_n bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o prussia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o lithuania_n and_o polessia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n it_o be_v usual_o divide_v into_o these_o four_o part_n the_o palatinate_v of_o podlachia_n plockzo_n masovia_n strict_o so_o call_v and_o the_o territory_n of_o dobrin_n which_o last_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o plockzo_n there_o be_v different_a conjecture_n touch_v the_o original_n of_o its_o name_n the_o most_o common_o receive_v be_v that_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o mieceslaus_n the_o second_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n not_o endure_v the_o impotent_a and_o effeminate_a government_n of_o his_o survive_a queen_n rixo_n lay_v hand_n upon_o what_o every_o man_n can_v catch_v among_o these_o masos_n or_o as_o other_o call_v he_o maslaus_n former_o cupbearer_n to_o the_o decease_a king_n sieze_v upon_o that_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o he_o after_o his_o own_o name_n call_v masovia_n this_o masos_n be_v afterward_o overcome_v by_o casimir_n the_o first_o by_o who_o he_o be_v take_v and_o put_v to_o death_n by_o this_o mean_v it_o be_v again_o restore_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n though_o it_o still_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o masovia_n but_o stanislaus_n serictius_n reject_v in_o part_n this_o story_n derive_v more_o probable_o the_o massovii_n from_o the_o massagetes_n i_o know_v say_v he_o what_o our_o historian_n have_v write_v touch_v the_o original_n of_o the_o massovians_n but_o it_o seem_v incredible_a to_o i_o that_o so_o famous_a and_o courageous_a a_o people_n shall_v stoop_v to_o borrow_v their_o denomination_n from_o so_o mean_v a_o person_n in_o the_o year_n 1220_o lescus_n the_o white_a in_o the_o parliament_n of_o sandomir_n grant_v the_o dukedom_n of_o masovia_n cujavia_n and_o dobrinia_n to_o his_o brother_n conrade_n from_o which_o time_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o do_v homage_n however_o to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n till_o the_o the_o year_n 1495_o but_o then_o the_o race_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n begin_v to_o fail_v for_o that_o year_n john_n duke_n of_o masovia_n die_v a_o bachelor_n upon_o which_o john_n albert_n reunited_a plockzo_n to_o the_o crown_n leave_v the_o rest_n of_o masovia_n to_o his_o brother_n conrade_n which_o after_o his_o decease_n in_o the_o year_n 1503_o be_v grant_v to_o his_o child_n upon_o condition_n that_o for_o default_n of_o male_a issue_n it_o shall_v return_v to_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v effect_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n the_o first_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o palatinate_n of_o podlachia_n former_o belong_v to_o masovia_n and_o join_v by_o casimir_n jagellon_n to_o lithuania_n return_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1567._o there_o be_v no_o peculiar_a bishop_n in_o masovia_n but_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v divide_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o posnan_n plockzo_n and_o luceoria_n the_o metropolis_n of_o masovia_n be_v warsaw_n by_o the_o polander_v call_v warfrawa_n seat_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n upon_o the_o vistula_n encompass_v with_o a_o double_a wall_n and_o deep_a ditch_n distant_a 40_o german_n or_o 160_o english_a mile_n from_o posen_n and_o cracow_n here_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n keep_v his_o court_n in_o a_o large_a four_o square_a palace_n build_v by_o sigismond_n the_o three_o but_o much_o beautify_v by_o his_o successor_n over_o against_o this_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n which_o be_v passable_a by_o a_o stately_a wooden_a bridge_n sit_v the_o great_a parliament_n of_o poland_n in_o another_o of_o the_o king_n palace_n call_v viasdow_n seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o many_o and_o delicate_a grove_n and_o garden_n in_o the_o city_n be_v public_a building_n of_o good_a note_n the_o most_o remarkable_a of_o which_o be_v st._n john_n baptist_n church_n where_o divine_a service_n be_v perform_v by_o secular_a canon_n not_o far_o from_o viasdow_n in_o the_o suburb_n call_v cracow_n stand_v as_o a_o trophy_n of_o the_o victory_n obtain_v by_o the_o pole_n over_o the_o moscovite_n a_o small_a chapel_n build_v by_o the_o king_n command_n for_o the_o burial_n of_o demetrius_n suiscius_n great_a duke_n of_o moscovie_n who_o die_v a_o captive_a in_o the_o castle_n of_o gostenin_n the_o nobility_n of_o masovia_n which_o be_v more_o numerous_a then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o poland_n be_v reckon_v to_o amount_v to_o near_o forty_o thousand_o whereof_o fifteen_o thousand_o appear_v in_o a_o body_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o sigismond_n the_o three_o be_v all_o roman-catholic_n never_o suffer_v any_o of_o other_o religion_n or_o opinion_n to_o reside_v among_o they_o out_o of_o these_o be_v send_v yearly_a to_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n one_o palatine_n and_o six_o castellanes_n the_o palatinate_n of_o plockzo_n lie_v eastward_o from_o masovia_n between_o the_o vistula_n and_o prussia_n plockzo_n plockzo_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o territory_n of_o plockzo_n zavera_n mlava_n and_o srensco_n and_o send_v out_o to_o the_o great_a parliament_n four_z senators_z that_o be_v the_o bishop_n the_o palatine_a and_o castellanes_n of_o plockzo_n radzyagas_n and_o sieprez_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o plockzo_n its_o chief_a city_n seat_v on_o a_o high_a bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n whence_o you_o have_v a_o fair_a prospect_n of_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a country_n the_o city_n be_v a_o episcopal_n see_v and_o very_o populous_a there_o be_v in_o it_o several_a religious_a house_n and_o church_n beside_o the_o cathedral_n very_o well_o endow_v especial_o the_o abbey_n of_o benedictines_n in_o the_o suburb_n where_o among_o other_o relic_n be_v keep_v the_o head_n of_o st._n sigismond_n to_o who_o the_o church_n be_v dedicate_v enchase_v in_o gold_n give_v by_o sigismond_n the_o three_o the_o territory_n of_o dobrizin_n be_v proper_o a_o part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o plockzo_n though_o mr._n blaeu_o dobrzin_n dobrzin_n and_o some_o other_o have_v make_v it_o a_o distinct_a part_n of_o masovia_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o city_n dobrzin_n situate_a between_o cujavia_n and_o plockzo_n on_o a_o rock_n near_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n the_o house_n in_o it_o be_v general_o of_o wood_n and_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v environ_v with_o wooden_a fortification_n the_o country_n afford_v great_a store_n of_o fruit_n and_o fish_n prussia_n whence_o prussia_n or_o borussia_n call_v by_o the_o german_n preussen_n shall_v fetch_v its_o name_n prussia_n prussia_n be_v not_o easy_o determine_v certain_a it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o among_o ancient_a author_n cluverius_n think_v helmoldus_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o twelve_o century_n be_v the_o old_a writer_n that_o give_v any_o account_n of_o the_o country_n under_o this_o name_n but_o both_o dithmarus_fw-la who_o live_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o eleven_o century_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o second_o and_o before_o he_o a_o anonymous_n writer_n of_o the_o life_n of_o st._n adalbert_n the_o apostle_n of_o the_o prussian_n about_o the_o year_n 990_o mention_n it_o marianus_n scotus_n will_v have_v the_o word_n deride_v from_o aprutis_n a_o city_n say_v he_o in_o these_o part_n where_o st._n adalbert_n suffer_v martyrdom_n in_o the_o year_n 995._o but_o this_o conjecture_n be_v vain_a and_o precarious_a for_o where_o any_o city_n of_o this_o name_n former_o stand_v or_o its_o ruin_n can_v at_o this_o day_n be_v find_v only_o he_o himself_o can_v tell_v we_o johannes_n annius_n viterbiensis_n tell_v we_o the_o prussian_n be_v at_o first_o call_v pruti_fw-la and_o that_o from_o one_o prutus_n a_o scythian_a king_n grandchild_n to_o noah_n that_o this_o nation_n be_v a_o offspring_n of_o the_o ancient_a scythian_n be_v indeed_o allowable_a but_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o story_n we_o can_v say_v no_o more_o then_o that_o it_o be_v well_o know_v how_o nimble_a this_o author_n and_o his_o feign_a berosus_n be_v at_o counterfeit_v of_o name_n in_o the_o etymology_n of_o country_n other_o of_o the_o same_o authority_n with_o viterbiensis_n bring_v the_o prussian_n out_o of_o asia_n under_o the_o command_n of_o prussia_n a_o king_n of_o bythinia_n some_o will_v have_v the_o word_n prussi_fw-fr or_o prutheni_fw-la corrupt_v
appeal_n but_o only_o to_o the_o king_n who_o may_v pardon_v the_o crime_n or_o mitigate_v the_o punishment_n as_o he_o please_v under_o this_o for_o dispatch_v of_o business_n be_v two_o other_o court_n one_o for_o civil_a and_o one_o for_o criminal_a matter_n of_o inferior_a concernment_n 2._o the_o court_n marshal_n in_o which_o all_o matter_n relate_v to_o war_n be_v decide_v the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o army_n be_v always_o precedent_n have_v two_o assessor_n senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o public_a officer_n all_o man_n of_o the_o sword_n with_o the_o master_n of_o the_o camp_n master_n of_o the_o artillery_n and_o captain_n general_n of_o the_o king_n guard_n 3._o the_o court_n of_o chancery_n for_o the_o decision_n of_o all_o case_n civil_a or_o ecclesiastical_a 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o here_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n preside_v with_o four_o senator_n assessor_n and_o the_o two_o secretary_n of_o state_n here_o all_o mandate_n edict_n commission_n etc._n etc._n be_v 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pure_a virgin_n in_o which_o state_n by_o mutual_a consent_n they_o both_o have_v continue_v from_o the_o first_o day_n of_o their_o marriage_n though_o we_o read_v that_o once_o he_o so_o far_o question_v his_o wife_n chastity_n and_o the_o performance_n of_o her_o vow_n as_o to_o make_v she_o purge_v herself_o by_o a_o fiery_a ordeal_o which_o she_o perform_v by_o go_v barefoot_a over_o a_o red-hot_a iron_n grate_n without_o the_o least_o shrink_v or_o sense_n of_o pain_n 1024._o conrade_n a_o prince_n descend_v from_o charles_n the_o great_a succeed_v henry_n and_o be_v crown_v emperor_n at_o aix_n la_fw-fr chappel_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o colen_n among_o historian_n we_o find_v this_o high_a character_n of_o he_o that_o he_o be_v acer_fw-la consilio_fw-la manuque_fw-la strenuus_fw-la charus_fw-la principibus_fw-la populo_fw-la acceptior_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la salutaris_fw-la i._n e._n quick_a at_o council-board_n and_o valiant_a in_o the_o field_n one_o on_o who_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n dote_v the_o people_n darling_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o empire_n one_o of_o the_o good_a law_n which_o he_o establish_v be_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v death_n for_o any_o prince_n to_o offer_v to_o disturb_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o make_v a_o offensive_a war_n upon_o any_o particular_a province_n in_o it_o he_o die_v sudden_o in_o his_o return_n from_o a_o expedition_n against_o the_o hungarian_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o spire_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v fifteen_o year_n 1039._o henry_n surname_v the_o black_a conrad_n son_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o empire_n he_o reign_v seventeen_o year_n and_o seven_o month_n the_o first_o war_n he_o engage_v himself_o in_o be_v against_o the_o bohemian_o upon_o their_o refusal_n to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n afterward_o he_o turn_v his_o force_n against_o the_o hungarian_n and_o restore_v their_o king_n peter_n who_o have_v be_v depose_v by_o his_o own_o subject_n for_o tyranny_n in_o the_o year_n 1046_o he_o march_v into_o italy_n to_o compose_v difference_n among_o the_o three_o pope_n who_o be_v set_v up_o by_o contrary_a faction_n but_o he_o depose_v they_o all_o and_o make_v a_o four_o viz._n clement_n ii_o renew_v the_o old_a law_n wherein_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o pope_n shall_v be_v create_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o emperor_n 1056._o henry_n iv_o succeed_v his_o father_n at_o six_o year_n of_o age_n he_o be_v say_v during_o his_o reign_n which_o last_v fifty_o year_n to_o have_v fight_v sixty-two_a great_a battle_n which_o be_v more_o than_o either_o marcus_n marcellus_n julius_n caesar_n or_o any_o other_o roman_a general_n can_v ever_o brag_v of_o pope_n hildebrand_n who_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o gregory_n vii_o cast_v off_o this_o emperor_n yoke_n and_o after_o some_o skirmish_n get_v rudolph_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n proclaim_v emperor_n in_o his_o stead_n to_o who_o the_o pope_n present_v a_o imperial_a crown_n with_o this_o inscription_n petra_n dedit_fw-la petro_n petrus_n diadema_fw-la rudolpho_n but_o this_o emperor_n of_o the_o pope_n make_v be_v soon_o vanquish_v and_o slay_v however_o within_o a_o while_n the_o empire_n be_v take_v from_o he_o in_o good_a earnest_n and_o that_o by_o his_o own_o subject_n who_o depose_v he_o and_o elect_v his_o son_n into_o his_o room_n this_o emperor_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v bring_v to_o those_o extremity_n before_o his_o death_n as_o to_o be_v force_v to_o beg_v a_o prebendary_a of_o the_o bishop_n of_o spire_n some_o say_v worm_n in_o the_o church_n which_o he_o himself_o have_v build_v which_o be_v nevertheless_o deny_v he_o 1106._o henry_n v._o be_v admit_v into_o his_o father_n throne_n by_o his_o rebellious_a subject_n and_o crown_v emperor_n at_o goslar_n at_o his_o coronation_n part_n of_o his_o sword_n be_v melt_v with_o lightning_n but_o the_o scabbard_n be_v untouched_a and_o himself_o escape_v without_o harm_n he_o be_v force_v to_o acknowledge_v the_o pope_n supremacy_n and_o to_o quit_v all_o pretension_n to_o the_o power_n of_o investiture_n which_o his_o ancestor_n challenge_v as_o their_o right_n he_o reign_v nineteen_o year_n dye_v without_o issue_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o spire_n 1125._o lotharius_n duke_n of_o saxony_n be_v elect_v to_o succeed_v henry_n v._o and_o receive_v his_o crown_n from_o the_o pope_n at_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 1133._o the_o great_a thing_n this_o emperor_n do_v be_v the_o revive_n the_o practice_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n after_o it_o have_v be_v banish_v thence_o for_o the_o space_n of_o five_o hundred_o year_n 1138._o conrade_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n and_o lotharius_n sister_n son_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n carry_v the_o empire_n against_o henry_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n who_o for_o some_o time_n oppose_v he_o in_o his_o day_n a_o body_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n be_v first_o set_v forth_o by_o gratian_n a_o benedictine_n monk_n and_o public_o teach_v in_o the_o university_n of_o germany_n he_o reign_v fourteen_o year_n 1152._o frideric_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n surname_v barbarossa_n from_o his_o red_a beard_n be_v elect_v emperor_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o conrade_n and_o be_v crown_v at_o rome_n by_o pope_n adrian_n iu._n he_o be_v a_o wise_a valiant_a and_o pious_a prince_n and_o common_o fortunate_a in_o all_o his_o undertake_n pope_n alexander_n the_o three_o excommunicate_v he_o for_o his_o obstinacy_n but_o afterward_o be_v reconcile_v when_o the_o emperor_n throw_v himself_o at_o the_o pope_n foot_n and_o suffer_v he_o to_o tread_v on_o his_o neck_n in_o the_o year_n 1187_o accompany_v with_o our_o king_n richard_n i._n and_o philip_n ii_o king_n of_o france_n he_o go_v to_o fight_v against_o the_o saracen_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n here_o he_o be_v drown_v in_o a_o river_n wherein_o he_o intend_v only_o to_o have_v bathe_v himself_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o tyre_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v thirty-eight_a year_n 1190._o henry_n frideric_n barbarossa_n son_n though_o short_a of_o his_o father_n in_o desert_n was-elected_n into_o his_o place_n he_o take_v tancred_n prisoner_n in_o sicily_n who_o think_v to_o have_v supplant_v he_o in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o have_v put_v out_o his_o eye_n send_v he_o bind_v into_o germany_n pope_n celestine_n who_o crown_v he_o emperor_n persuade_v he_o to_o engage_v himself_o in_o the_o holy-war_n but_o he_o never_o reach_v palestine_n die_v upon_o his_o journey_n thither_o when_o he_o have_v reign_v almost_o eight_o year_n 1198._o upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n henry_n his_o brother_n philip_n be_v at_o first_o elect_v but_o because_o he_o refuse_v to_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o pope_n as_o his_o ancestor_n have_v do_v he_o be_v short_o after_o excommunicate_v and_o otto_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n by_o the_o elector_n and_o the_o pope_n authority_n declare_v emperor_n whereupon_o the_o two_o emperor_n engage_v the_o whole_a empire_n in_o a_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n each_o assert_v a_o legal_a title_n and_o refuse_v to_o quit_v his_o pretension_n to_o the_o crown_n at_o last_o philip_n be_v treacherous_o slay_v in_o his_o bed_n after_o he_o have_v rule_v the_o empire_n at_o least_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o ten_o year_n 1208._o otto_n son_n of_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n get_v possession_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o soon_o as_o philip_n be_v take_v of_o he_o have_v not_o reign_v four_o year_n ere_o he_o meet_v with_o his_o predecessor_n fate_n have_v the_o imperial_a crown_n take_v from_o his_o head_n by_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o elector_n and_o give_v to_o frideric_n king_n of_o sicily_n otto_n get_v some_o succour_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o poland_n but_o be_v never_o able_a to_o make_v any_o considerable_a resistance_n one_o battle_n decide_v the_o controversy_n establish_v frideric_n in_o the_o imperial_a throne_n
part_n of_o germany_n so_o that_o these_o still_o retain_v their_o ancient_a form_n until_o the_o frank_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o introduce_v new_a mode_n and_o establish_v a_o new_a sort_n of_o government_n everywhere_o for_o these_o conqueror_n imitate_v the_o roman_n reduce_v all_o germany_n into_o province_n over_o which_o they_o appoint_v so_o many_o duke_n who_o have_v authority_n to_o govern_v and_o to_o administer_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o respective_a commission_n to_o these_o duke_n they_o sometime_o add_v assistant_n who_o be_v from_o their_o office_n which_o be_v to_o aid_v the_o duke_n in_o the_o management_n of_o great_a and_o weighty_a affair_n call_v count_n or_o comites_fw-la the_o duke_n be_v always_o elect_v by_o the_o king_n and_o nobility_n out_o of_o some_o illustrious_a family_n yet_o so_o that_o if_o the_o decease_a duke_n son_n be_v capable_a and_o worthy_a of_o his_o father_n honour_n he_o be_v seldom_o reject_v at_o last_o the_o power_n of_o these_o duke_n grow_v exceed_o great_a and_o terrible_a insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o several_a of_o they_o to_o deny_v to_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o emperor_n which_o when_o charles_n the_o great_a observe_v he_o destroy_v the_o two_o great_a dukedom_n of_o the_o francic_a kingdom_n aquitane_n and_o bavaria_n by_o divide_v they_o into_o several_a small_a county_n but_o not_o long_o after_o charles_n death_n the_o emperor_n create_v new_a duke_n in_o most_o place_n where_o he_o have_v change_v they_o into_o count_n whereupon_o the_o empire_n be_v quick_o reduce_v to_o the_o former_a strait_n every_o duke_n pretend_v to_o and_o exercise_v regal_a authority_n in_o his_o own_o province_n the_o first_o of_o these_o that_o grow_v formidable_o potent_a be_v otho_n duke_n of_o saxony_n afterward_o elect_a emperor_n who_o though_o he_o refuse_v the_o imperial_a diadem_n and_o get_v it_o confer_v on_o conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o most_o powerful_a prince_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n in_o his_o time_n after_o otho_n death_n the_o emperor_n conrade_n use_v all_o mean_n possible_a to_o reduce_v the_o overgrow_a power_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n to_o some_o tolerable_a mediocrity_n but_o his_o endeavour_n prove_v unsuccessful_a and_o duke_n henry_n stout_o maintain_v the_o honour_n and_o privilege_n which_o his_o father_n otho_n have_v enjoy_v without_o disturbance_n from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o emperor_n lay_v under_o a_o obligation_n of_o create_v new_a duke_n who_o get_v into_o their_o hand_n the_o government_n of_o several_a potent_a city_n set_v up_o for_o almost_o absolute_a prince_n our_o learned_a antiquary_n mr._n selden_n reckon_v up_o six_o several_a sort_n of_o grave_n or_o count_n which_o be_v these_o 1._o schlechtgraven_a or_o simple_a count_n 2._o count_n palatine_a which_o as_o will_v be_v show_v anon_o be_v subdivide_v into_o several_a other_o 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former_o only_a four_o of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n who_o be_v ordinary_o call_v die_n vier_fw-mi graven_n dess_n heiligen_n romischen_n reichs_n i._n e._n the_o four_o grave_n or_o count_n of_o the_o holy_a roman_a empire_n these_o be_v the_o count_n of_o cleve_n schwartzenburg_n ciley_n and_o savoy_n but_o since_o the_o count_n of_o cleve_n and_o savoy_n be_v advance_v to_o duke_n and_o the_o family_n of_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o ciley_n be_v extinct_a which_o happen_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n ago_o the_o count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n in_o thuringen_n be_v the_o only_a prince_n that_o bear_v that_o title_n still_v himself_o usual_o to_o this_o day_n der_fw-mi vier_fw-mi graven_n dess_n reichs_n grave_a zu_fw-ge schwartzenburg_n i._n e._n of_o the_o four_o count_n of_o the_o empire_n count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n beside_o he_o there_o be_v nowadays_o several_a other_o german_a count_n who_o may_v just_o be_v refer_v to_o this_o head_n though_o they_o have_v no_o investiture_n into_o any_o graffschaft_n or_o county_n but_o be_v only_o style_v count_n of_o some_o small_a castle_n or_o inconsiderable_a territory_n of_o which_o they_o be_v lord_n such_o be_v the_o count_n of_o ottingen_n and_o zollern_n who_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o the_o posterity_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o thence_o retain_v the_o title_n though_o not_o the_o grandeur_n and_o power_n of_o their_o ancestor_n count_n palatine_n call_v by_o the_o german_n pfaltzgraven_a palatine_a count_n palatine_a or_o dess_n heiligen_n romischen_n reichs_n hoffe-graven_a be_v such_o as_o have_v in_o their_o title_n a_o certain_a eminence_n of_o their_o dignity_n from_o a_o relation_n as_o their_o name_n denote_v to_o the_o emperor_n court_n or_o palace_n for_o palatinus_n be_v but_o the_o possessive_a of_o palatium_n and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o officer_n of_o the_o household_n with_o we_o in_o england_n but_o this_o title_n be_v twofold_a 1._o original_o feudal_n and_o annex_v to_o the_o name_n of_o some_o territory_n or_o grafschaft_n with_o such_o jura_fw-la imperii_fw-la &_o majestatis_fw-la as_o other_o ordinary_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v not_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o count_n palatine_a of_o the_o rhine_n 2._o mere_o personal_a without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o particular_a territory_n proper_a to_o he_o that_o have_v the_o dignity_n both_o the_o title_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o late_a kind_n be_v original_o to_o be_v fetch_v from_o the_o example_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a empire_n but_o the_o former_a though_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n under_o the_o name_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la yet_o be_v in_o ordinary_a use_n as_o to_o the_o name_n and_o title_n only_o in_o the_o francic_a kingdom_n for_o there_o be_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o francic_a king_n long_o before_o their_o kingdom_n be_v change_v into_o a_o empire_n a_o chief_a officer_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o comes_fw-la palatii_fw-la or_o count_n palatine_n who_o have_v a_o viceregency_n under_o the_o king_n in_o like_a sort_n as_o the_o praefecti_fw-la praetorio_fw-la in_o the_o elder_a empire_n or_o the_o old_a chief_a justice_n of_o england_n under_o our_o ancient_a king_n that_o be_v he_o have_v the_o exercise_n of_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n in_o all_o cause_n that_o come_v to_o the_o king_n immediate_a audience_n i_o suppose_v the_o office_n of_o hofmeister_n use_v to_o this_o day_n in_o every_o german_a prince_n court_n be_v a_o relic_n of_o this_o palatinate_n and_o that_o come_v palatii_fw-la might_n easy_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la or_o hofmeister_n will_v not_o be_v difficult_a for_o any_o man_n to_o imagine_v that_o shall_v consider_v the_o signification_n which_o the_o word_n come_v have_v among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n in_o the_o usual_a compellation_n of_o
superad_v to_o the_o title_n of_o freyherr_n to_o denote_v the_o antiquity_n of_o those_o four_o who_o bear_v this_o name_n in_o the_o rank_n of_o baron_n paurmeister_n give_v his_o opinion_n of_o the_o case_n propose_v in_o these_o word_n ego_fw-la baronum_fw-la genera_fw-la nulla_fw-la esse_fw-la arbitror_fw-la &_o quocunque_fw-la nomine_fw-la semper-freyen_a freyherrn_n edle_o herrn_n vel_fw-la singulariter_fw-la freyen_fw-mi herrn_n edle_o well_fw-mi die_v edle_n appellantur_fw-la nobilitate_fw-la ac_fw-la dignitate_fw-la pares_fw-la esse_fw-la omnes_fw-la enim_fw-la generali_fw-la vocabulo_fw-la herrn_fw-la comprehenduntur_fw-la ut_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la habet_fw-la decretorum_fw-la comitiorum_fw-la subscriptio_fw-la von_n der_fw-mi graven_n und_fw-ge herrn_fw-ge wegen_fw-ge i._n e._n i_o do_v not_o think_v there_o be_v any_o different_a kind_n of_o baron_n but_o that_o whatever_o title_n they_o may_v have_v whether_o semper-freyen_a freyherrn_n edle_o herrn_n freyen_fw-mi herrn_v or_o edle_n they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o notwithstanding_o of_o equal_a nobility_n and_o dignity_n since_o they_o all_o agree_v in_o the_o general_a title_n of_o herrn_n as_o we_o find_v the_o decree_n ancient_o pass_v in_o the_o diet_n subscribe_v von_n der_fw-mi graven_n und_fw-ge herrn_fw-ge wegen_fw-ge i._n e._n by_o assent_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o count_n and_o baron_n and_o as_o herrn_n be_v a_o common_a name_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o german_a baron_n so_o be_v herrschaft_n a_o general_a name_n for_o a_o barony_n which_o two_o word_n the_o high_a dutch_a use_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o we_o do_v lord_n and_o lordship_n we_o see_v then_o what_o the_o title_n of_o freyherr_a signify_v â—â—â—on_n â—â—â—on_n and_o in_o the_o modern_a writing_n of_o the_o german_n we_o seldom_o or_o never_o meet_v with_o the_o word_n baron_fw-fr though_o this_o be_v as_o ordinary_a in_o spain_n italy_n france_n and_o england_n as_o the_o former_a be_v in_o germany_n however_o schottelius_fw-la who_o make_v as_o diligent_a enquiry_n into_o the_o ancient_a monument_n and_o record_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n as_o any_o man_n whatever_o assure_v we_o that_o bar_n or_o baar_n in_o old_a teutonic_n manuscript_n signify_v a_o baron_n and_o be_v common_o there_o use_v instead_o of_o the_o more_o modern_a word_n freyherr_a and_o possible_o there_o may_v be_v as_o just_a ground_n for_o derive_v baro_n from_o the_o high_a dutch_a as_o either_o the_o latin_a or_o greek_a for_o the_o latin_a word_n virro_n signify_v a_o man_n separate_v and_o distinct_a from_o the_o vulgar_a by_o his_o virtue_n whence_o the_o generality_n of_o critic_n derive_v baro_n have_v in_o all_o probability_n be_v borrow_v of_o the_o high_a dutch_a in_o who_o ancient_a law_n baro_n or_o barus_n and_o foemina_fw-la do_v usual_o occur_v for_o a_o man_n or_o woman_n the_o english_a saxon_n call_v a_o man_n Æ¿er_n or_o Æ¿ar_v which_o the_o old_a frank_n turn_v into_o berinthia_n and_o afterward_o paro_n in_o junius_n edition_n of_o the_o codex_fw-la argenteus_n the_o gothic_a word_n wair_n be_v use_v for_o man_n and_z waire_z in_o the_o plural_a for_o man_n sometime_o instead_o of_o baron_n the_o german_n use_v the_o title_n of_o bannerherr_a â—â—nner-herr_a â—â—nner-herr_a or_o panner-herr_a which_o may_v be_v render_v dominus_fw-la vexillifer_fw-la and_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o banneret_n i_o can_v certain_o affirm_v that_o the_o word_n bannerherr_a though_o ordinary_o meet_v with_o in_o german_a writer_n be_v ever_o make_v use_n of_o to_o denote_v any_o high_a dutch_a title_n of_o honour_n but_o only_o to_o express_v the_o honorary_a title_n of_o other_o nation_n what_o a_o chivalier_n banneret_n or_o knight_n banneret_n which_o the_o german_n usual_o render_v bannerherr_a do_v signify_v may_v be_v learn_v from_o the_o account_n which_o the_o author_n of_o la_fw-fr division_n du_fw-fr mond_fw-fr give_v of_o it_o pour_v fair_a say_v he_o un_fw-fr chevalier_n banneret_n cest_fw-fr quant_fw-fr il_fw-fr a_o longement_n suyvy_fw-fr les_fw-fr guerre_v et_fw-fr que_fw-fr il_fw-fr a_fw-fr assez_fw-fr terres_fw-la et_fw-fr revenue_n tant_fw-fr que_fw-fr il_fw-fr peult_n tenir_fw-fr et_fw-fr soudoyer_fw-fr cinquant_n gentiles_n home_n pour_fw-fr accompagnier_fw-fr sa_fw-fr banniere_n lord_fw-mi il_fw-fr peult_n licitement_n lever_n ladit_fw-la banniere_n et_fw-fr non_fw-fr autrement_fw-fr car_fw-fr nul_fw-fr autre_fw-fr home_fw-fr ne_fw-fr pvit_fw-fr porter_n banniere_n en_fw-fr battaile_n sil_fw-fr n'a_fw-fr cinquant_a home_n prestz_fw-fr pour_fw-fr battailler_n which_o story_n of_o maintain_v fifty_o man_n under_o he_o to_o accompany_v his_o banner_n be_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o old_a print_a copy_n of_o gesta_fw-la romanorum_fw-la in_o french_a notwithstanding_o the_o assertion_n of_o some_o late_a author_n that_o a_o banneret_n need_v have_v no_o more_o than_o twenty-five_o some_o say_v ten_o man_n under_o he_o the_o german_n call_v a_o knight_n ritter_n â—â—tter_n â—â—tter_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o the_o latin_n style_v he_o eques_fw-la because_o this_o title_n be_v former_o never_o confer_v upon_o any_o man_n that_o have_v not_o perform_v some_o gallant_a exploit_n in_o the_o field_n and_o who_o be_v dub_v knight_n by_o be_v accouter_v with_o a_o sword_n and_o pair_n of_o spur_n one_o of_o our_o ancient_a english_a poet_n dan._n lydgate_n give_v we_o a_o full_a explication_n of_o the_o title_n of_o ritter_n in_o these_o word_n eques_fw-la ab_fw-la equo_fw-la be_v say_v of_o very_a right_n and_o chevalier_n be_v say_v of_o chivalry_n in_o which_o a_o rider_n call_v be_v a_o knight_n arragoner_n do_v also_o specify_v caballiero_n through_o all_o that_o party_n be_v name_n of_o worship_n and_o so_o take_v his_o '_o ginning_n of_o spur_n of_o gold_n and_o chief_o ride_v the_o first_o original_n of_o dub_a of_o knight_n with_o a_o sword_n come_v probable_o from_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o northern_a nation_n of_o gird_v their_o young_a man_n with_o a_o sword_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arms._n nihil_fw-la say_v tacitus_n speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a german_n neque_fw-la publicae_fw-la neque_fw-la privatae_fw-la rei_fw-la nisi_fw-la armati_fw-la agunt_fw-la sed_fw-la arma_fw-la sumere_fw-la non_fw-la ante_fw-la cviquam_fw-la moris_fw-la quam_fw-la civitas_n suffecturum_fw-la probaverit_fw-la tum_o in_o ipso_fw-la concilio_fw-la vel_fw-la principum_fw-la aliquis_fw-la vel_fw-la pater_fw-la vel_fw-la propinquus_n scuto_fw-la frameaque_fw-la juvenem_fw-la ornant_fw-la haec_fw-la apud_fw-la illos_fw-la toga_fw-la hic_fw-la primus_fw-la juventae_fw-la honos_fw-la ante_fw-la hoc_fw-la domus_fw-la pars_fw-la videntur_fw-la mox_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la beside_o this_o ceremony_n of_o give_v a_o lance_n or_o target_n to_o such_o as_o be_v admit_v member_n of_o the_o empire_n they_o have_v another_o way_n of_o adopt_v son_n per_fw-la arma_fw-la thus_o theodoric_n king_n of_o the_o eastern_a goth_n in_o italy_n adopt_v the_o king_n of_o the_o heruli_n by_o a_o charter_n still_o extant_a in_o cassiodorus_n northern_a history_n and_o hence_o justin_n the_o elder_a be_v about_o to_o adopt_v cosroes_n the_o king_n of_o persia_n son_n be_v advise_v by_o proclus_n his_o chancellor_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o procopius_n speak_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n that_o it_o shall_v be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n who_o do_v not_o adopt_v son_n by_o write_v but_o by_o arms._n there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o several_a order_n of_o knighthood_n in_o germany_n as_o in_o most_o other_o european_a nation_n knighthood_n order_n of_o knighthood_n if_o we_o except_o those_o who_o have_v any_o honour_n and_o title_n of_o some_o particular_a order_n send_v they_o from_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n england_n and_o denmark_n for_o from_o these_o prince_n several_a duke_n count_n and_o other_o grandee_n of_o the_o empire_n receive_v the_o honorary_a title_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n the_o garter_n and_o the_o elephant_n the_o teutonic_n order_n of_o knighthood_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v something_o before_o in_o the_o description_n of_o prussia_n be_v first_o institute_v under_o the_o wall_n of_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n although_o jacob_n de_fw-fr vitriaco_n polydore_n vergilius_n gretser_n and_o several_a other_o historian_n of_o good_a note_n make_v the_o order_n much_o more_o ancient_a after_o the_o city_n be_v take_v by_o the_o christian_n these_o new_a knight_n who_o be_v most_o of_o they_o citizen_n of_o lubec_n and_o bremen_n fix_v themselves_o at_o a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v sometime_o style_v equites_fw-la mariani_n here_o they_o be_v settle_v under_o henry_n walpot_n von_fw-mi passenheim_n their_o first_o great_a master_n in_o the_o year_n 1190._o afterward_o when_o the_o christian_n be_v beat_v out_o of_o syria_n they_o remove_v to_o venice_n and_o thence_o to_o marpurg_n in_o hassia_n where_o as_o in_o several_a other_o part_n of_o germany_n their_o convent_n be_v endow_v with_o fair_a revenue_n whence_o some_o fancy_n they_o first_o get_v the_o name_n of_o equites_fw-la
large_a tomes_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la publ_n anseaticis_fw-la give_v no_o positive_a account_n of_o the_o first_o original_n of_o this_o confederacy_n but_o seem_v to_o bring_v it_o down_o from_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n surname_v the_o lion_n henry_n suderman_n who_o be_v sometime_o counsellor_n to_o the_o hans-town_n fetch_v its_o institution_n far_o further_o than_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n or_o late_a end_n of_o the_o twelve_o which_o be_v the_o time_n usual_o pitch_v upon_o by_o other_o historian_n with_o how_o little_a probability_n these_o opinion_n be_v back_v be_v easy_a to_o observe_v though_o perhaps_o after_o the_o most_o diligent_a enquiry_n we_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o guess_v right_n ourselves_o for_o lubeck_n have_v be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o hans-town_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n their_o high_a court_n of_o judicature_n be_v keep_v there_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a that_o this_o city_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o that_o enter_v into_o that_o solemn_a league_n and_o covenant_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o lubeck_n be_v only_o build_v towards_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o twelve_o century_n and_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o imagine_v that_o this_o town_n and_o hamburg_n will_v enter_v into_o any_o such_o league_n as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o then_o inconsiderable_a king_n of_o denmark_n which_o they_o do_v not_o shake_v off_o before_o the_o year_n 1226._o beside_o if_o lubeck_n be_v then_o one_o of_o the_o hans-town_n we_o shall_v meet_v with_o a_o account_n of_o some_o succour_n send_v she_o when_o she_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n against_o waldemar_n and_o his_o two_o son_n eric_n abel_n and_o christopher_n king_n of_o denmark_n which_o be_v end_v about_o the_o year_n 1259_o and_o yet_o no_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n mention_n any_o such_o thing_n we_o may_v therefore_o probable_o enough_o conclude_v that_o the_o say_v city_n enter_v not_o into_o any_o confederacy_n till_o after_o the_o sixti_v year_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n at_o which_o time_n peace_n be_v first_o conclude_v with_o the_o dane_n and_o trade_n begin_v to_o be_v improve_v in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n what_o angelius_n report_v of_o his_o have_v see_v some_o charter_n and_o privilege_n grant_v to_o the_o unite_a hans-town_n which_o be_v date_v in_o the_o year_n 1194_o be_v as_o little_a to_o be_v credit_v as_o the_o story_n which_o other_o of_o the_o german_a historian_n relate_v of_o our_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o grant_v of_o large_a privilege_n to_o the_o same_o city_n in_o the_o 1206_o whereas_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o this_o prince_n be_v not_o advance_v to_o his_o father_n throne_n before_o the_o year_n 1216_o and_o be_v then_o only_o nine_o year_n of_o age_n polydor_z virgil_n to_o who_o we_o know_v what_o credit_n to_o give_v in_o those_o particular_n especial_o wherein_o he_o dissent_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o english_a historian_n witness_v indeed_o for_o these_o man_n that_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v grant_v some_o such_o kind_n of_o privilege_n to_o the_o hans-town_n as_o they_o mention_v but_o the_o same_o author_n will_v tell_v they_o that_o this_o king_n reign_v till_o the_o year_n 1273._o and_o angelius_n when_o he_o come_v to_o ransack_v old_a norwegian_a paper_n for_o testimony_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o society_n can_v produce_v nothing_o of_o unquestionable_a authority_n as_o he_o phrase_n it_o write_v before_o the_o year_n 1278._o afterward_o when_o he_o come_v to_o give_v we_o a_o short_a compendium_n of_o their_o law_n which_o he_o have_v transcribe_v out_o of_o domannus_n the_o old_a among_o they_o do_v not_o bear_v date_n beyond_o the_o year_n 1312._o so_o that_o possible_o this_o company_n be_v no_o proper_a body_n politic_a before_o that_o time_n but_o the_o german_a historian_n differ_v as_o much_o in_o assign_v the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n hans_n â—â—ne_n â—â—ne_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o confederate_a city_n shall_v call_v themselves_o by_o that_o name_n as_o they_o do_v in_o pitch_v upon_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o their_o confederacy_n we_o shall_v give_v the_o reader_n a_o short_a catalogue_n of_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o judgement_n to_o embrace_v or_o reject_v any_o of_o they_o as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n first_o then_o some_o derive_v the_o word_n hanse_fw-mi or_o anse_v for_o in_o latin_a author_n we_o meet_v with_o urbes_fw-la anseaticae_n and_o ansaticae_n as_o well_o as_o hansaticae_n from_o the_o dutch_a be_fw-mi zee_fw-mi or_o be_fw-mi see_v signify_v near_o unto_o or_o upon_o the_o seashore_n because_o say_v they_o the_o hans-town_n be_v at_o first_o only_o a_o company_n of_o city_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o seashore_n enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n mere_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o trade_n by_o navigation_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o sole_a end_n of_o their_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n and_o not_o the_o secure_n of_o their_o territory_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n which_o some_o city_n upon_o the_o rhine_n propose_v to_o themselves_o upon_o their_o enter_v into_o the_o like_a confederacy_n they_o prove_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o chytraeus_n and_o crantzius_n who_o be_v author_n of_o good_a credit_n and_o authority_n 2._o other_o bring_v the_o word_n from_o hansa_n which_o in_o the_o old_a high_a dutch_a tongue_n signify_v a_o common_a council_n thence_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mat._n xxvi_o 4._o which_o our_o english_a interpreter_n have_v render_v they_o consult_v be_v in_o some_o ancient_a dutch_a version_n translate_v sie_n haben_fw-ge ein_fw-ge hansa_n gemacht_fw-ge 3._o wehner_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o old_a charter_n of_o some_o of_o these_o city_n instead_o of_o hanse-stadte_a as_o the_o german_n nowadays_o usual_o write_v the_o word_n he_o have_v meet_v with_o hayn-stadte_a which_o signify_v in_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a dialect_n a_o city_n situate_a in_o a_o wood_n such_o as_o be_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o hans-town_n in_o saxony_n and_o not_o as_o some_o explain_v it_o a_o town_n in_o a_o pleasant_a valley_n or_o plain_a field_n 4._o the_o four_o opinion_n and_o last_v that_o look_v like_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n be_v that_o they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o hans-town_n from_o that_o preeminence_n and_o precedency_n which_o they_o just_o challenge_v among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o german_a city_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o great_a lord_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v sometime_o style_v gross_a hansen_n gewaltige_n hansen_n etc._n etc._n and_o hence_o several_a old_a german_a proper_a name_n fetch_v their_o original_n as_o anselmus_fw-la hanshelm_n a_o man_n famous_a for_o his_o helmet_n ansbrechtus_n hanswert_v one_o that_o deserve_v to_o be_v make_v a_o lord_n ansfridus_n hansfried_n a_o prince_n of_o a_o peaceable_a temper_n and_o the_o like_a and_o the_o ordinary_a name_n of_o hans_n use_v at_o this_o day_n all_o germany_n over_o be_v not_o as_o many_o think_v a_o contraction_n of_o johannes_n but_o a_o part_n of_o those_o other_o abovementioned_a but_o at_o present_a hans_n be_v not_o so_o honourable_a a_o title_n as_o former_o for_o the_o german_n call_v a_o impertinent_a meddle_v fellow_n such_o as_o the_o old_a latin_n will_v have_v name_v ardelio_n and_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hans_n in_o allen_a gassen_a and_o hans_n unmuht_v hans_fw-ge filtzmaul_fw-mi hans_n sparmund_v praal_n hans_n baver-hans_n and_o the_o like_a be_v look_v upon_o as_o nickname_n of_o the_o high_a ignominy_n and_o disgrace_n it_o will_v be_v worth_a a_o critical_a etymologist_n while_n to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o word_n hans_n among_o other_o of_o its_o signification_n do_v not_o denote_v something_o relate_v to_o trade_n and_o merchandise_n since_o to_o this_o day_n he_o that_o determine_v as_o judge_n all_o controversy_n among_o the_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n of_o ratisbon_n be_v call_v hans-graff_n the_o hans-town_n of_o germany_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o four_o circle_n number_n number_n distinguish_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o four_o principal_a city_n among_o they_o viz._n lubeck_n colln_v brunswic_n and_o dantzig_n to_o the_o circle_n of_o lubeck_n belong_v the_o city_n of_o hamburg_n rostock_n wismar_n stralsund_n lunenburg_n stetin_n anclam_n golnau_n gripswald_n colberg_n stargard_n stolpe_n etc._n etc._n to_o that_o of_o colln_v wesel_n duissburg_n emmerick_n warburg_n vnna_n hammen_n munster_n minden_n osnabrug_n dortmund_n sost_n herford_n paderborn_n limgow_n billefeld_n warberg_n lippstadt_n cossfeld_n nimwegen_n sutphen_n rurnmund_n arnheim_n venloh_n elburg_n harderwic_n thiela_n bommel_n deventer_n campen_n swol_n groningen_n bolsswerder_n gorcum_n hinlopen_fw-la staveren_fw-mi embden_n briel_n wieringen_n middelburg_n and_o some_o more_o of_o less_o note_n to_o
to_o dress_v themselves_o such_o boy_n as_o the_o schoolmaster_n who_o be_v five_o in_o number_n observe_v to_o have_v part_n be_v fit_v for_o and_o send_v to_o the_o university_n and_o there_o maintain_v upon_o the_o public_a stock_n of_o the_o hospital_n till_o they_o may_v be_v well_o suppose_v to_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n of_o provide_v for_o themselves_o the_o rest_n of_o they_o be_v put_v out_o to_o such_o trade_n as_o the_o trustee_n think_v they_o most_o qualify_v for_o and_o the_o girl_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v learn_v to_o read_v write_v spin_v knit_v etc._n etc._n be_v send_v to_o credible_a service_n to_o earn_v their_o live_n and_o make_v their_o fortune_n 4._o they_o have_v a_o common_a pest-house_n for_o such_o as_o be_v sick_a of_o the_o plague_n or_o any_o other_o infectious_a disease_n whither_o not_o only_o poor_a people_n but_o other_o of_o the_o best_a rank_n and_o quality_n be_v bring_v to_o be_v cure_v of_o their_o virulent_a distemper_n for_o the_o good_a and_o skilful_a attendant_n which_o all_o manner_n of_o disease_a person_n be_v sure_a to_o meet_v with_o in_o this_o place_n render_v it_o exceed_o preferable_a to_o any_o convenience_n they_o can_v expect_v at_o home_n 5._o they_o have_v a_o large_a and_o sumptuous_a hospital_n for_o sick_a stranger_n das_n gast_n und_fw-ge krancken-hauss_a first_o build_v in_o the_o year_n 1632_o where_o a_o physician_n chirurgeon_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o necessary_a medicine_n and_o salve_n be_v provide_v for_o such_o poor_a traveller_n as_o be_v fall_v sick_a upon_o their_o road_n and_o be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o provide_v for_o themselves_o 6._o for_o distress_a age_a and_o decay_a seaman_n the_o burgher_n build_v and_o liberal_o endow_v a_o fair_a hospital_n in_o the_o year_n 1556_o which_o since_o that_o time_n have_v be_v very_o much_o augment_v both_o in_o its_o building_n and_o revenue_n in_o this_o hospital_n there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o considerable_a maintenance_n allot_v for_o a_o great_a number_n of_o maim_a age_a and_o feeble_a mariner_n of_o all_o sort_n but_o also_o a_o ample_a provision_n be_v make_v for_o all_o such_o poor_a widow_n and_o orphan_n as_o have_v lose_v their_o husband_n or_o parent_n at_o sea_n and_o be_v hereby_o reduce_v to_o want_v and_o beggary_n in_o which_o particular_a the_o hamburger_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v outdo_v the_o munificence_n of_o the_o present_a king_n of_o france_n in_o his_o sumptuous_a hospital_n hostel_n des_fw-fr invalides_n build_v late_o near_o paris_n for_o maim_a and_o decay_a soldier_n for_o though_o this_o noble_a and_o brave_a structure_n may_v just_o challenge_v a_o preeminence_n beyond_o any_o in_o its_o kind_n that_o perhaps_o europe_n or_o the_o world_n can_v ever_o show_v yet_o there_o want_v in_o it_o a_o provision_n for_o the_o poor_a wife_n and_o child_n of_o such_o as_o have_v lose_v their_o limb_n or_o life_n in_o his_o majesty_n service_n which_o will_v in_o all_o probability_n prove_v as_o effectual_a a_o motive_n and_o encouragement_n to_o all_o his_o subject_n to_o venture_v their_o life_n and_o fortune_n in_o his_o army_n as_o any_o expedient_a hitherto_o think_v on_o since_o some_o man_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o deter_v from_o venture_v into_o the_o camp_n upon_o a_o prospect_n of_o the_o danger_n of_o lose_v their_o own_o life_n as_o a_o foresight_n of_o a_o inevitable_a ruin_n to_o their_o family_n at_o home_n if_o they_o shall_v chance_v to_o be_v take_v off_o or_o maim_v in_o the_o field_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o more_o less_o and_o inconsiderable_a hospital_n for_o set_a number_n of_o poor_a widower_n widow_n orphan_n etc._n etc._n together_o with_o a_o large_a number_n of_o free-school_n endow_v with_o competent_a stipend_n for_o the_o education_n of_o the_o child_n of_o poor_a burgher_n who_o be_v in_o these_o place_n common_o furnish_v with_o clothes_n and_o book_n out_o of_o the_o public_a revenue_n of_o the_o school_n where_o they_o be_v instruct_v till_o fit_v for_o a_o trade_n or_o the_o university_n as_o their_o friend_n be_v able_a or_o willing_a to_o dispose_v of_o they_o to_o these_o hospital_n i_o think_v i_o may_v add_v their_o bridewell_n bridewell_n bridewell_n or_o house_n of_o correction_n das_n werckund_n zucht-hauss_a since_o to_o reclaim_v lazy_a vagabond_n from_o their_o ill_a course_n by_o hard_a labour_n and_o severe_a punishment_n be_v as_o great_a a_o piece_n of_o charity_n as_o to_o clothe_v the_o naked_a or_o feed_v the_o hungry_a this_o house_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n and_o burn_v down_o by_o some_o of_o the_o wicked_a varlet_n that_o have_v be_v commit_v to_o this_o prison_n in_o the_o year_n 1666_o but_o soon_o after_o noble_o rebuilt_a at_o the_o public_a charge_n of_o the_o city_n this_o structure_n consist_v of_o two_o part_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v appoint_v for_o such_o poor_a and_o needy_a people_n whether_o foreigner_n or_o domestic_o as_o be_v willing_a to_o earn_v their_o live_n with_o the_o sweat_n of_o their_o brow_n but_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n for_o master_n to_o set_v they_o at_o work_n here_o they_o may_v be_v sure_a to_o find_v employment_n and_o have_v a_o opportunity_n of_o procure_v bread_n by_o their_o labour_n according_a to_o the_o motto_n write_v over_o the_o door_n of_o their_o workhouse_n labour_v nutrior_a the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o house_n be_v reserve_v for_o thief_n whore_n vagabond_n and_o such_o kind_n of_o licentious_a person_n as_o be_v disobedient_a to_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n or_o regardless_o of_o the_o command_n of_o their_o parent_n or_o master_n the_o motto_n or_o inscription_n over_o the_o door_n of_o this_o partition_n be_v labour_n plector_n ducatus_fw-la olim_fw-la episcopatus_fw-la bremensis_n et_fw-la ostiorum_fw-la albis_n et_fw-fr visurgis_n fluviorum_fw-la novissima_fw-la descriptio_fw-la to_o the_o worp_n full_o sr_n henry_n calverley_n of_o eriholme_n in_o the_o countij_fw-la of_o torcke_n knt_v this_o map_n be_v humble_o d._n d._n by_o m_n pitt_n notarum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la gross_a stätte_n kleine_n stätte_n kirch_n dorffer_v adel_n häusser_v dorffer_v häuser_n the_o magistracy_n of_o the_o city_n consist_v of_o four_o burgomaster_n and_o twenty_o schepin_n or_o alderman_n magistrate_n magistrate_n who_o be_v former_o all_o of_o they_o civilian_n for_o other_o learned_a man_n but_o be_v now_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o merchant_n and_o rich_a tradesman_n in_o the_o town_n beside_o these_o they_o have_v twelve_o common-council-man_n call_v in_o their_o language_n die_v oberalten_v or_o chief_a elder_n who_o consult_v together_o and_o order_v the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n if_o any_o matter_n of_o more_o than_o ordinary_a moment_n be_v bring_v before_o they_o they_o join_v with_o sixty_o more_o grave_a citizen_n who_o they_o call_v die_v burger-alten_a or_o elder_n of_o the_o city_n and_o if_o these_o dare_v not_o venture_v to_o give_v a_o final_a determination_n in_o the_o matter_n propose_v the_o whole_a business_n be_v refer_v to_o a_o general_a assembly_n of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o town_n the_o hamburger_n have_v one_o notable_a custom_n among_o they_o for_o the_o speedy_a reparation_n of_o any_o loss_n by_o fire_n in_o most_o great_a street_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o town_n it_o be_v the_o fashion_n for_o such_o a_o number_n of_o the_o citizen_n to_o enter_v into_o a_o solemn_a covenant_n and_o agreement_n whereby_o they_o unanimous_o engage_v themselves_o to_o contribute_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n towards_o the_o rebuild_n of_o any_o house_n which_o shall_v be_v burn_v down_o within_o the_o circle_n of_o that_o company_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v now_o any_o man_n have_v the_o liberty_n to_o engage_v himself_o in_o as_o many_o company_n as_o he_o please_v so_o that_o sometime_o it_o happen_v a_o considerable_a improvement_n of_o a_o burger_n estate_n to_o have_v his_o house_n burn_v down_o when_o the_o contribution_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o several_a company_n of_o which_o he_o have_v make_v himself_o a_o member_n amount_v as_o often_o they_o do_v to_o more_o than_o his_o house_n be_v worth_a at_o the_o first_o the_o territory_n belong_v to_o this_o city_n contain_v a_o small_a circle_n of_o stormaria_n territory_n territory_n wherein_o nevertheless_o be_v several_a fair_a village_n and_o some_o nobleman_n palace_n of_o good_a note_n a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o little_a island_n in_o the_o island_n in_o the_o elb_n former_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n or_o lawenburg_n be_v now_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o hamburger_n to_o who_o also_o belong_v the_o strong_a castle_n of_o ritzenbuttel_n the_o best_a fort_n in_o hadderland_n or_o the_o country_n betwixt_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o two_o great_a rivers_n elb_n and_o weser_n a_o little_a below_o this_o to_o the_o north-west_n they_o have_v another_o considerable_a fortress_n call_v das_n
that_o come_v over_o into_o britain_n be_v send_v from_o hence_o and_o they_o tell_v we_o far_o that_o in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o good_a success_n they_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o our_o island_n some_o of_o they_o return_v hang_v up_o a_o gild_a ship_n of_o tin_n in_o the_o marketplace_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v here_o before_o the_o fire_n above_o mention_v iv_o zell_n zell_n zell_n this_o city_n famous_a for_o the_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o luneburg_n on_o a_o sandy_a level_n at_o the_o confluence_n of_o two_o small_a river_n the_o aller_n and_o fuhse_n about_o ten_o german_a mile_n distant_a from_o luneburg_n six_o from_o brunswic_n ten_o from_o bremen_n and_o thirteen_o from_o hamburg_n the_o word_n zell_n in_o the_o language_n of_o some_o of_o the_o low_a saxon_n signify_v the_o same_o with_o the_o high_a dutch_a kellar_n or_o our_o english_a word_n cellar_n but_o for_o what_o reason_n the_o town_n shall_v have_v this_o name_n give_v it_o i_o can_v determine_v in_o a_o old_a parchment_n deed_n bear_v date_n a._n d._n 1236_o which_o to_o this_o day_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o duke_n of_o zell_n archive_v whereby_o sigefride_n count_n of_o osterburg_n make_v over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o country_n to_o otho_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n we_o read_v ministeriale_n suos_fw-la tselle_fw-fr usque_fw-la breman_n and_o another_o indenture_n make_v between_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n son_n date_v a._n d._n 1203_o and_o still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o same_o place_n mention_n this_o town_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a name_n high_a than_o these_o time_n its_o antiquity_n can_v be_v trace_v and_o whether_o it_o be_v in_o those_o day_n a_o city_n wall_a town_n or_o only_o a_o bare_a castle_n we_o know_v not_o the_o duke_n palace_n as_o it_o now_o stand_v be_v a_o square_a piece_n of_o building_n mote_v round_o and_o beautify_v with_o a_o great_a many_o pleasant_a garden_n orchard_n grotto_n etc._n etc._n be_v first_o build_v by_o henry_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lunenburg_n and_o ann_n bear_v countess_n of_o nassaw_n his_o mother_n in_o the_o year_n 1485._o in_o this_o palace_n be_v hold_v the_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n for_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n v._o walstrode_n walstrode_n walstrode_n or_o walo's-cross_n at_o first_o only_o a_o monastery_n build_v by_o one_o walo_n a_o prince_n of_o anhalt_n in_o the_o year_n 986_o but_o afterward_o advance_v into_o a_o considerable_a town_n walo_n statue_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o church_n with_o this_o inscription_n on_o its_o pedestal_n illustris_fw-la princeps_fw-la walo_fw-la de_fw-fr anholt_n come_v in_o aschania_n &c_n &c_n dominus_fw-la in_o berneborch_n est_fw-la fundator_fw-la huius_fw-la monasterii_fw-la it_o be_v situate_a in_o a_o very_a pleasant_a valley_n encompass_v on_o every_o side_n with_o mountain_n and_o wood_n the_o chief_a trade_n of_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n consist_v in_o honey_n wax_n wool_n and_o beer_n harborch_n winsen_n gifhorn_n notable_a for_o a_o strong_a palace_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n with_o some_o other_o place_n of_o the_o like_a value_n be_v only_o just_a considerable_a enough_o to_o merit_v a_o distinct_a character_n in_o the_o map_n from_o poor_a village_n but_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o so_o remarkable_a as_o to_o deserve_v a_o a_o particular_a description_n the_o truth_n be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n be_v a_o poor_a and_o barren_a country_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v scarce_o any_o where_o so_o rich_a as_o that_o they_o need_v to_o wall_n in_o their_o town_n or_o be_v afraid_a of_o the_o invasion_n of_o a_o enemy_n the_o most_o notable_a place_n in_o the_o county_n of_o diepholt_n hoye_n and_o schawenburg_n subject_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o luneburg_n the_o reader_n will_v find_v describe_v in_o the_o next_o volume_n when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o all_o the_o little_a province_n which_o be_v usual_o comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o westphalia_n meklenburg_n ducatus_n auctore_fw-la joanne_n laurenbergio_n sumptiê°_n janssonio-waesbergiorum_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephan_n swart_a the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n although_o at_o this_o day_n geographer_n can_v hardly_o meet_v with_o any_o such_o place_n as_o mecklenburg_n from_o whence_o this_o dukedom_n shall_v have_v its_o name_n yet_o the_o german_a historian_n will_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o small_a village_n not_o far_o from_o wismar_n which_o still_o bear_v that_o name_n be_v ancient_o a_o large_a and_o populous_a city_n and_o some_o of_o their_o antiquary_n pretend_v to_o be_v able_a to_o show_v we_o be_v rudera_fw-la near_o this_o place_n for_o some_o mile_n in_o compass_n j._n peter_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o village_n be_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o very_a ancient_a city_n which_o say_v he_o be_v build_v above_o three_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n by_o anthyrius_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o the_o heruli_n or_o mecklenburger_n but_o we_o know_v what_o kind_n of_o credit_n to_o give_v to_o such_o romantic_a chronologer_n as_o this_o who_o impertinent_o pretend_v to_o trace_v the_o annal_n of_o his_o country_n through_o those_o dark_a day_n of_o ignorance_n wherein_o he_o must_v necessary_o lose_v himself_o and_o truth_n cluverius_n and_o bertius_n be_v exceed_o displease_v with_o that_o universal_a humour_n of_o latin_a who_o mention_v this_o country_n of_o render_v mecklenburg_n by_o megalopolis_n or_o megapolis_n and_o the_o mecklenburger_n by_o megapolitani_n such_o etymologist_n as_o these_o say_v cluver_n be_v but_o novice_n in_o the_o german_a tongue_n for_o the_o word_n mecklenburg_n be_v not_o as_o they_o imagine_v derive_v from_o the_o old_a saxon_a word_n micle_n or_o mickel_n ordinary_o meet_v with_o in_o our_o ancient_a english-saxon_a monument_n and_o still_o use_v in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n but_o from_o the_o dutch_a verb_n mecklen_n whence_o meckler_n which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o all_o the_o northern_a german_n that_o inhabit_v the_o seacoast_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o proxineta_n pararius_n a_o broker_n so_o that_o mecklenburg_n have_v not_o its_o name_n as_o megalopolis_n in_o arcadia_n from_o the_o vastness_n of_o its_o extent_n although_o lindebergius_n report_v it_o to_o have_v be_v above_o eight_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o twenty_o in_o circumference_n but_o from_o the_o great_a resort_n of_o merchant_n to_o this_o place_n for_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o these_o part_n and_o the_o seat_n as_o it_o be_v suppose_v of_o bilunaus_n misilaus_n mistevus_n pribislaus_n and_o several_a other_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o vandal_n we_o may_v reasonable_o conclude_v that_o all_o foreign_a merchant_n who_o probable_o be_v not_o very_o numerous_a that_o trade_v in_o this_o part_n of_o germany_n keep_v their_o factor_n and_o broker_n at_o this_o city_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n subject_a to_o the_o two_o duke_n of_o gustrow_n and_o swerin_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n bound_n bound_n on_o the_o west_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n and_o saxon-lauwenburg_a and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o country_n have_v more_o in_o it_o of_o profit_n then_o pleasure_n commodity_n commodity_n be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o corn_n and_o fruit_n especial_o apple_n and_o well_o store_v with_o fowl_n and_o fish_n but_o situate_v in_o a_o air_n very_o unwholesome_a in_o the_o summer_n and_o intolerable_o sharp_a and_o cold_a in_o the_o winter_n beside_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o river_n everywhere_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o this_o dukedom_n their_o lake_n many_o of_o which_o be_v very_o large_a afford_v they_o good_a store_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fresh_a fish_n insomuch_o that_o at_o the_o marriage-feast_n of_o henry_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg-swerin_a with_o helen_n daughter_n to_o the_o elector_n palatine_n be_v serve_v up_o to_o the_o table_n five_o thousand_o bream_n all_o of_o which_o be_v fresh_a and_o new_o take_v out_o of_o the_o great_a lake_n near_o swerin_n some_o romantic_a genealogist_n have_v endeavour_v to_o bring_v down_o the_o line_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n from_o some_o of_o alexander_n the_o great_a be_v general_n government_n government_n the_o first_o original_n of_o which_o fancy_n spring_v from_o the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n bear_v a_o horse_n head_n which_o these_o herald_n be_v please_v to_o call_v the_o head_n of_o bucephalus_n in_o their_o eschutceon_n and_o indeed_o the_o generality_n of_o german_a antiquary_n fetth_v their_o pedigree_n from_o anthyrius_n the_o forementioned_a founder_n of_o the_o city_n of_o mecklenburg_n who_o they_o unanimous_o report_v to_o have_v live_v in_o the_o day_n of_o
the_o name_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bremen_n the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n be_v fetch_v by_o some_o from_o one_o luba_n a_o famous_a fisherman_n that_o heretofore_o pitch_v his_o tent_n upon_o the_o seashore_n in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o afterward_o the_o great_a city_n of_o lubec_n be_v build_v but_o this_o fiction_n be_v of_o the_o same_o stamp_n with_o the_o frivolous_a etymology_n with_o which_o some_o of_o our_o english_a historian_n have_v furnish_v we_o of_o britain_n from_o brutus_n and_o london_n from_o king_n lud._n other_o tell_v we_o that_o lubec_n in_o the_o old_a wendish_n tongue_n signify_v a_o crown_n and_o therefore_o will_v persuade_v we_o that_o this_o town_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o preeminence_n which_o immediate_o after_o its_o first_o foundation_n it_o may_v just_o challenge_v among_o the_o other_o city_n of_o germany_n whence_o lindebergius_n allude_v to_o this_o etymology_n conclude_v his_o elogium_fw-la in_o the_o praise_n of_o lubec_n with_o this_o distich_n et_fw-la decus_fw-la europae_n &_o lumen_fw-la sit_fw-la totius_fw-la ansae_fw-la et_fw-la sit_fw-la vandalici_n pulchra_fw-la corona_n soli_fw-la but_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n be_v what_o we_o have_v before_o mention_v that_o the_o name_n be_v true_o high-dutch_a and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o lobeck_a or_o ein_fw-mi eck_fw-mi des_fw-fr lobe_n a_o corner_n of_o land_n for_o upon_o such_o a_o plot_n of_o ground_n it_o be_v situate_a commendable_a for_o something_o or_o other_o in_o it_o extraordinary_a and_o notable_a the_o polish_v historian_n particular_o j._n ludowic_n decius_n in_o his_o history_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v very_o zealous_a in_o assert_v that_o this_o great_a city_n owe_v its_o birth_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o their_o country_n who_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o this_o part_n of_o germany_n build_v a_o fort_n and_o in_o some_o short_a time_n after_o a_o wall_a town_n in_o that_o neck_n of_o land_n upon_o which_o lubec_n stand_v but_o the_o german_n as_o vigorous_o oppose_v this_o assertion_n affirm_v that_o godschalck_n a_o certain_a king_n of_o the_o vandal_n lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o the_o town_n a._n d._n 1040_o which_o small_a beginning_n be_v enlarge_v into_o the_o bulk_n of_o a_o considerable_a city_n by_o crito_n a_o prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o year_n 1104_o or_o as_o other_o 1087._o but_o however_o this_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v never_o a_o city_n nor_o have_v any_o charter_n confirm_v to_o it_o before_o it_o have_v be_v once_o utter_o ruin_v and_o lay_v desolate_a by_o ratzo_n prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o year_n 1134_o and_o rebuilt_a by_o adolph_n ii_o earl_n of_o holstein_n a._n d._n 1140_o who_o be_v unable_a to_o defend_v any_o part_n of_o his_o territory_n against_o the_o victorious_a duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o bavaria_n henry_n ii_o surname_v the_o lion_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v up_o to_o he_o lubec_n among_o the_o other_o conquer_a part_n of_o his_o dominion_n afterward_o when_o success_n and_o pride_n have_v swell_v henry_n to_o that_o height_n as_o to_o make_v he_o neglect_v his_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n and_o to_o side_n with_o the_o pope_n in_o a_o quarrel_n against_o he_o he_o be_v by_o the_o say_a emperor_n public_o proscribe_v and_o devour_v by_o the_o joint_a force_n of_o his_o neighbour_n prince_n every_o one_o lay_v hold_n of_o that_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n which_o lie_v next_o he_o in_o this_o confusion_n lubec_n be_v besiege_v and_o take_v by_o the_o emperor_n himself_o but_o after_o his_o death_n restore_v to_o the_o forementioned_a duke_n henry_n afterward_o it_o be_v conquer_v by_o waldemar_n duke_n of_o sleswic_n and_o brother_n to_o canutus_n king_n of_o denmark_n but_o not_o long_o after_o the_o citizen_n find_v themselves_o too_o severe_o treat_v by_o their_o danish_a lord_n put_v their_o city_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n ii_o who_o grant_v they_o several_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n and_o restore_v they_o to_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n which_o they_o have_v enjoy_v under_o their_o first_o master_n since_o that_o time_n lubec_n have_v continue_v a_o imperial_a city_n be_v always_o reckon_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a in_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o hans-town_n the_o bishopric_n of_o lubec_n which_o since_o john_n adolph_n duke_n of_o holstein_n be_v elect_v bishop_n of_o that_o see_v in_o the_o year_n 1596_o have_v always_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o some_o of_o the_o young_a brother_n of_o that_o house_n be_v first_o found_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n i._o at_o oldenburg_n in_o wagerland_n and_o afterward_o remove_v hither_o with_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n i._o by_o henry_n the_o lion_n duke_n of_o saxony_n in_o the_o year_n 1163._o there_o be_v not_o any_o city_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n which_o at_o this_o day_n excel_v or_o perhaps_o can_v equalise_v lubec_n either_o in_o beauty_n or_o uniformity_n of_o its_o building_n or_o pleasantness_n of_o its_o garden_n and_o grove_n the_o street_n be_v general_o strait_a and_o even_o the_o house_n be_v all_o build_v with_o brick_n and_o cover_v with_o tile_n in_o the_o year_n 1238_o a_o great_a fire_n hap'n_v in_o the_o city_n burn_v down_o many_o of_o their_o street_n which_o at_o that_o time_n consist_v of_o house_n make_v of_o timber_n and_o cover_v with_o thatch_n whereupon_o the_o senator_n of_o the_o city_n make_v a_o order_n that_o thenceforward_o no_o such_o house_n shall_v be_v build_v within_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n from_o the_o public_a conduit_n they_o have_v water_n convey_v by_o pipe_n into_o every_o citizen_n private_a house_n according_a to_o which_o pattern_n the_o conduit_n in_o london_n and_o other_o great_a city_n in_o europe_n be_v first_o contrive_v the_o street_n be_v in_o several_a place_n grace_v with_o row_n of_o linden_n tree_n plant_v on_o each_o side_n the_o church_n about_o twenty_o in_o number_n be_v general_o well_o build_v and_o adorn_v with_o high_a steeple_n or_o spire_n especial_o the_o cathedral_n dedicate_v to_o st._n mary_n which_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o as_o curious_a architecture_n as_o most_o in_o germany_n the_o river_n trave_n on_o which_o lubec_n be_v seat_v about_o eight_o or_o ten_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o sea_n be_v large_a and_o deep_a enough_o to_o carry_v the_o large_a vessel_n that_o sail_v upon_o the_o baltic_a so_o that_o daily_a merchantman_n of_o the_o great_a bulk_n as_o well_o as_o flat_o bottom_v barge_n be_v bring_v up_o to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n which_o with_o its_o neighbour_n hamburg_n be_v think_v to_o maintain_v near_o six_o hundred_o vessel_n in_o continual_a traffic_n the_o city_n be_v govern_v by_o twelve_o burgo-master_n who_o be_v all_o of_o they_o either_o doctor_n of_o civil_a law_n or_o some_o of_o the_o grave_n and_o experience_a nobility_n of_o the_o city_n the_o common_a council_n be_v make_v up_o of_o half_a lawyer_n and_o noble_n and_o the_o other_o half_a merchant_n their_o law_n will_v not_o permit_v any_o handicraftsman_n two_o brother_n nor_o father_n and_o son_n to_o be_v of_o this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o city_n suppose_v that_o illiterate_a mechanic_n can_v hardly_o have_v so_o much_o skill_n in_o state-affair_n as_o will_v render_v they_o fit_v for_o government_n and_o that_o near_a relation_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o side_n with_o one_o another_o and_o not_o act_v with_o such_o unbiased_a judgement_n as_o other_o that_o be_v nothing_o akin_a ii_o wismar_n wismar_n wismar_n seat_v in_o the_o way_n betwixt_o lubec_n and_o rostoc_n at_o a_o equal_a distance_n namely_o seven_o german_a or_o one_o and_o twenty_o english_a mile_n from_o both_o those_o city_n cromer_z and_o vapovius_fw-la zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o country_n derive_v the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n from_o one_o wissimir_n its_o founder_n who_o they_o tell_v we_o be_v a_o polish_v prince_n descend_v from_o their_o great_a duke_n lechus_n the_o ground_n of_o their_o story_n they_o borrow_v from_o saxon_a grammaticus_n and_o crantzius_n who_o report_n that_o wissimirus_n a_o prince_n of_o the_o vandal_n march_v with_o a_o good_a army_n into_o denmark_n and_o there_o slay_v siward_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o at_o his_o return_n build_v wismar_n now_o these_o man_n imagine_v that_o princeps_fw-la vandalicus_n and_o vendicus_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n conclude_v present_o that_o this_o wissimir_n must_v certain_o have_v be_v a_o pole_n and_o then_o the_o great_a honour_n they_o can_v do_v he_o be_v to_o bring_v he_o from_o the_o loin_n of_o lechus_n whereas_o grant_v the_o main_a part_n of_o crantzius_n story_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v undoubted_o false_a that_o wismar_n be_v indeed_o build_v by_o such_o a_o prince_n as_o
he_o mention_n yet_o upon_o examination_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o this_o wisimir_n if_o ever_o there_o be_v any_o such_o man_n must_v have_v slay_v siward_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 340_o and_o we_o never_o hear_v of_o duke_n lechus_n in_o poland_n before_o the_o year_n 550_o nay_o some_o say_v he_o begin_v his_o government_n in_o the_o year_n 644._o wherefore_o omit_v these_o impertinent_a contradiction_n and_o anticronism_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o wismar_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o convenience_n of_o its_o situation_n wis-mee_a signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o safe_a and_o secure_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n such_o a_o one_o as_o that_o be_v upon_o which_o this_o city_n be_v now_o seat_v nor_o be_v the_o town_n so_o ancient_a as_o they_o will_v make_v it_o but_o first_o build_v or_o at_o least_o make_v a_o city_n out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o mecklenburg_n which_o as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v be_v once_o the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o whole_a dukedom_n about_o the_o year_n 1250_o or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o 1238_o by_o gunceline_n ii_o earl_n of_o swerin_n afterward_o henry_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n for_o his_o great_a performance_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n surname_v hierosolymitanus_n bring_v hither_o the_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n observe_v in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lubec_n and_o new_o model_v wismar_n about_o the_o year_n 1266._o from_o which_o time_n it_o grow_v so_o extravagant_o great_a and_o populous_a that_o within_o a_o very_a short_a time_n it_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a hans-town_n and_o be_v make_v the_o harbour_n for_o all_o the_o man_n of_o war_n belong_v to_o that_o society_n this_o engage_v the_o whole_a community_n to_o contribute_v towards_o its_o fortification_n insomuch_o that_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o very_a few_o year_n it_o become_v almost_o impregnable_a by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n the_o city_n and_o haven_n of_o wismar_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o wallfrisch_n and_o the_o peninsula_n of_o pole_n except_v the_o village_n of_o schedorff_n weitendorff_n brandenhusen_n and_o wangeren_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o hospital_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o lubec_n as_o also_o newen-clost_a be_v give_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n since_o which_o time_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v always_o style_v himself_o lord_n of_o wismar_n but_o in_o these_o late_a war_n between_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n the_o city_n of_o wismar_n among_o many_o other_o be_v take_v by_o the_o present_a victorious_a king_n of_o denmark_n christian_a v._n although_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o eight_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n sign_v at_o fountainblaeu_n on_o the_o second_o day_n of_o september_n in_o the_o year_n 1679_o by_o the_o french_a and_o danish_a minister_n that_o wismar_n and_o rugen_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o swede_n within_o three_o week_n after_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o say_a treaty_n yet_o in_o a_o second_o treaty_n sign_v on_o the_o twenty-sixth_a day_n of_o the_o same_o month_n at_o lunden_n in_o schonen_fw-mi it_o be_v agree_v that_o wismar_n shall_v remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o a_o surety_n for_o the_o arrear_n of_o certain_a contribution_n due_a from_o that_o king_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n this_o obligation_n it_o seem_v be_v not_o yet_o cancel_v for_o the_o dane_n to_o this_o day_n keep_v possession_n of_o this_o great_a town_n and_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v force_v in_o any_o short_a time_n to_o yield_v it_o up_o iii_o rostock_n rostock_n rostock_n a_o city_n of_o great_a antiquity_n if_o we_o believe_v the_o story_n which_o some_o of_o the_o german_a antiquary_n report_v of_o it_o for_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o be_v the_o very_a place_n which_o several_a of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a writer_n point_v at_o when_o they_o report_v great_a thing_n of_o lacinium_n rhodopolis_n and_o laciburgium_n all_o which_o name_v the_o modern_a historian_n appropriate_v to_o rostock_n but_o how_o its_o name_n come_v at_o last_o to_o be_v change_v for_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o little_a affinity_n betwixt_o lacinium_n or_o laciburgium_n and_o rostock_n although_o rhodopolis_n come_v something_o near_o to_o the_o modern_a name_n they_o can_v so_o easy_o determine_v some_o think_v the_o word_n rostock_n or_o rostzogz_v a_o compound_n of_o two_o old_a wendish_n monosyllable_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o confluence_n of_o two_o river_n so_o that_o this_o city_n according_a to_o this_o derivation_n have_v its_o name_n at_o first_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o several_a great_a town_n in_o france_n be_v at_o this_o day_n name_v confluent_a the_o polish_v writer_n say_v the_o name_n be_v first_o give_v it_o by_o some_o of_o their_o countryman_n in_o who_o language_n rostock_n signify_v a_o moist_a or_o boggy_a place_n p._n lindebergius_n in_o his_o chronocle_n of_o rostoch_n prove_v from_o inscription_n upon_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o city_n and_o other_o ancient_a monument_n that_o the_o true_a name_n of_o the_o town_n be_v rotzstock_n and_o he_o guess_v that_o this_o name_n be_v first_o give_v it_o from_o a_o great_a red_a pillar_n von_fw-mi einem_fw-la rothen_fw-ge soul_fw-mi oder_fw-ge stock_n which_o in_o the_o day_n of_o paganism_n and_o idolatry_n be_v worship_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n and_o this_o conjecture_n seem_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o name_n of_o rhodopolis_n beforementioned_a not_o to_o mention_v its_o be_v back_v with_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o learned_a man_n and_o great_a antiquary_n but_o whatever_o grand_a conceit_n the_o mecklenburger_n may_v have_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o city_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o year_n 329_o it_o be_v only_o a_o small_a inconsiderable_a village_n build_v by_o some_o poor_a fisherman_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o warna_n and_o consist_v of_o a_o few_o slender_a tent_n rather_o than_o house_n afterward_o it_o be_v advance_v into_o a_o small_a city_n by_o gotheschalk_n king_n of_o the_o heruli_n and_o by_o his_o successor_n primislaus_n the_o second_o notable_o enlarge_v about_o the_o year_n 1160._o at_o last_o burevinus_n primislaus_n son_n make_v it_o a_o complete_a city_n have_v be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o wall_v it_o about_o and_o new_a model_v it_o according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lubeck_n burevinus_n charter_n which_o the_o citizen_n of_o rostock_n show_v to_o this_o day_n among_o other_o record_n of_o their_o corporation_n be_v sign_v in_o the_o year_n 1218._o at_o this_o day_n it_o consist_v of_o three_o part_n the_o old_a new_a and_o middle_a city_n in_o all_o which_o be_v reckon_v 140_o street_n and_o many_o thousand_o of_o high_a and_o stately_a citizen_n house_n the_o most_o memorable_a thing_n in_o rostock_n be_v usual_o by_o the_o mecklenburger_n in_o their_o saxon_a dialect_n reckon_v up_o in_o the_o follow_a rithm_n seven_o doren_n tho_o st._n marien-karcke_a seven_o straten_v van_fw-mi den_fw-mi grooten_a marckle_z seven_o thore_fw-la so_o der_fw-ge gahn_fw-ge tho_o land_n seven_o kopmans_n bruggen_n by_o they_fw-mi strande_fw-fr seven_o tear_v so_o up_o den_fw-mi radthuss_n staan_n seven_o klocken_n die_v daar_o daglycken_v slaan_n seven_o linden_fw-mi open_fw-mi den_fw-mi rosen-garden_n that_o sin_v die_v rostocker_n kennewarten_v i_o e._n there_o be_v seven_o time_n seven_o remarkable_a thing_n in_o rostock_n 1._o seven_o great_a door_n to_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o st._n mary_n 2._o seven_o large_a street_n lead_v to_o the_o chief_a marketplace_n 3._o seven_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n towards_o the_o land_n seven_o bridge_n over_o the_o warna_n which_o run_v through_o several_a place_n of_o the_o town_n 5._o seven_o tower_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o town_n hall_n 6._o seven_o great_a bell_n which_o chime_n at_o certain_a hour_n in_o the_o town_n clock_n 7._o seven_o vast_a linden_n tree_n in_o the_o common_a garden_n but_o of_o late_a year_n one_o of_o their_o bridge_n be_v decay_v with_o age_n fall_v down_o and_o because_o of_o no_o great_a use_n have_v not_o since_o be_v repair_v so_o that_o one_o of_o their_o septenaries_n be_v fail_v the_o most_o notable_a commodity_n of_o the_o town_n be_v beer_n which_o be_v here_o brew_v and_o carry_v into_o several_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o other_o nation_n a_o rostocker_n will_v tell_v we_o that_o yearly_a by_o the_o 250_o privilege_a brewer_n in_o this_o city_n there_o be_v at_o least_o so_o many_o thousand_o tun_n of_o beer_n brew_v beside_o the_o vast_a quantity_n which_o many_o of_o the_o private_a citizen_n man_n especial_o of_o the_o chief_a rank_n and_o repute_v must_v be_v suppose_v to_o brew_v for_o their_o own_o use_n the_o university_n at_o rostock_n which_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o large_a and_o best_a stock_v in_o the_o german_a empire_n be_v first_o found_v by_o john_n
and_o albert_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n two_o cousin_n germane_a in_o the_o year_n 1419._o the_o corporation_n of_o the_o city_n bear_v it_o seem_v half_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o foundation_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v then_o order_v by_o a_o decree_n still_o in_o force_n that_o half_a of_o the_o professor_n shall_v be_v choose_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o the_o other_o half_a by_o the_o burgomaster_n and_o radtshern_a of_o the_o town_n the_o rector_n magnificus_fw-la as_o they_o be_v please_v to_o entitle_v the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o their_o university_n be_v choose_v every_o half_a year_n as_o in_o most_o other_o german_a university_n by_o turn_n out_o of_o the_o two_o company_n of_o professor_n he_o have_v power_n to_o call_v convocation_n and_o appoint_v time_n for_o meeting_n of_o the_o other_o professor_n on_o all_o extraordinary_a occasion_n as_o collect_v or_o disburse_v any_o part_n of_o their_o common-treasure_n or_o the_o like_a in_o matter_n of_o great_a weight_n and_o moment_n then_o be_v usual_o debate_v he_o have_v a_o assistant_n who_o they_o call_v promotor_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o senior_n of_o the_o eighteen_o professor_n the_o university_n be_v at_o first_o stock_v with_o professor_n from_o leipsic_n and_o erfurt_n who_o all_o of_o they_o receive_v their_o licence_n to_o teach_v and_o read_v in_o public_a together_o with_o a_o charter_n of_o privilege_n and_o body_n of_o statute_n from_o pope_n martin_n v._o the_o bishop_n of_o swerin_n be_v their_o perpetual_a chancellor_n who_o common_o depute_v one_o of_o the_o senior_a professor_n his_o vicechancellor_n at_o any_o public_a promotion_n or_o take_v of_o degree_n when_o he_o himself_o be_v not_o at_o leisure_n to_o give_v a_o personal_a attendance_n among_o many_o other_o learned_a man_n that_o have_v be_v breed_v in_o this_o university_n albert_n crantzius_n john_n posselius_n and_o nathan_n chytraeus_n three_o famous_a historian_n have_v get_v themselves_o and_o the_o place_n of_o their_o education_n great_a credit_n by_o their_o elaborate_a writing_n the_o citizen_n be_v subject_a to_o a_o kind_n of_o mix_a government_n make_v up_o of_o aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n the_o democratical_a part_n consist_v of_o twenty_o four_o alderman_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n scholar_n and_o rich_a merchant_n of_o the_o town_n whereof_o four_o be_v burgomaster_n two_o chamberlain_n two_o steward_n for_o the_o river_n and_o two_o judge_n the_o chamberlain_n collect_v and_o distribute_v all_o manner_n of_o assessment_n for_o the_o reparation_n of_o public_a building_n in_o and_o about_o the_o city_n the_o two_o steward_n be_v overseer_n of_o the_o haven_n at_o warnemund_n and_o look_v to_o the_o cleanse_n of_o the_o channel_n from_o that_o port_n up_o to_o the_o city_n the_o judge_n determine_v and_o pass_v sentence_n in_o all_o cause_n civil_a and_o criminal_a these_o twenty_o four_o magistrate_n of_o the_o upper_a house_n decide_v all_o ordinary_a controversy_n and_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o coin_v money_n choose_v officer_n etc._n etc._n but_o beside_o they_o there_o be_v in_o the_o town_n a_o hundred_o more_o common-councilmen_a elect_v out_o of_o the_o inferior_a tradesman_n of_o the_o town_n who_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v and_o give_v their_o opinion_n upon_o debate_n of_o any_o matter_n of_o more_o than_o ordinary_a concernment_n to_o the_o common_a welfare_n though_o the_o river_n warna_n be_v navigable_a up_o to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rostock_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o deep_a enough_o to_o carry_v ship_n of_o the_o large_a bulk_n but_o such_o vessel_n be_v force_v to_o take_v harbour_n at_o warnemund_n so_o call_v because_o situate_a on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n a_o small_a town_n about_o seven_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o rostock_n since_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n the_o swede_n build_v a_o fort_n on_o the_o mouth_n of_o this_o river_n by_o the_o strength_n of_o which_o and_o a_o good_a garrison_n always_o keep_v in_o it_o they_o exact_v a_o toll_n or_o custom_n of_o all_o merchantman_n that_o pass_v this_o way_n from_o or_o towards_o rostock_n to_o the_o great_a decay_n of_o trade_n in_o this_o city_n and_o impoverish_v of_o its_o inhabitant_n this_o castle_n be_v in_o the_o late_a war_n between_o the_o northern_a crown_n demolish_v and_o thereby_o a_o stop_v put_v to_o the_o swedish_n encroachment_n whereupon_o the_o minister_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n in_o the_o last_o general_a treaty_n at_o nimeguen_n be_v very_o diligent_a in_o solicit_v the_o mediator_n for_o a_o redress_n of_o this_o grievance_n which_o they_o represent_v as_o a_o violation_n of_o a_o express_a article_n in_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n with_o memorial_n and_o petition_n to_o this_o purpose_n our_o english_a mediator_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o gustrow_n minister_n and_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o swerin_n be_v continual_o weary_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o year_n 1678_o and_o begin_v of_o 1679._o their_o importunity_n prevail_v so_o far_o at_o last_o as_o to_o have_v the_o follow_a clause_n insert_v into_o the_o first_o proposal_n of_o a_o treaty_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o sweden_n omni_fw-la casu_fw-la salva_fw-la sint_fw-la dominis_n ducibus_fw-la mecklenburgicis_fw-la sine_fw-la turbatione_fw-la competentia_fw-la jura_fw-la &_o sublatum_fw-la maneat_fw-la vectigal_a seu_fw-la telonium_fw-la warnemundense_a cum_fw-la omnimoda_fw-la aliarum_fw-la quae_fw-la ibi_fw-la motae_fw-la sunt_fw-la pretensionum_fw-la abolitione_n &_o portus_fw-la warnmundensis_fw-la relinquatur_fw-la in_o pristina_fw-la &_o qua_fw-la nunc_fw-la gaudet_fw-la commerciorum_fw-la libertate_fw-la but_o the_o swedish_n plenipotentary_n in_o all_o their_o conference_n with_o the_o imperial_a ambassador_n upon_o this_o subject_a constant_o deny_v that_o they_o have_v instruction_n to_o meddle_v with_o it_o and_o the_o imperialist_n be_v willing_a to_o omit_v the_o insertion_n of_o this_o point_n rather_o than_o delay_v the_o sign_v of_o the_o other_o article_n till_o new_a instruction_n can_v be_v procure_v from_o the_o swedish_n court_n so_o that_o all_o the_o satisfaction_n the_o prince_n of_o mecklenburg_n have_v be_v a_o compliment_n from_o the_o emperor_n be_v plempotentiaries_n show_v the_o great_a care_n their_o master_n will_v be_v always_o ready_a to_o take_v in_o assert_v their_o right_n and_o privilege_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o any_o other_o member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n against_o the_o encroachment_n of_o any_o foreign_a enemy_n whatever_o and_o a_o certificate_n under_o their_o hand_n that_o their_o minister_n have_v use_v all_o imaginable_a diligence_n in_o the_o discharge_n of_o their_o duty_n neque_fw-la defuerunt_fw-la say_v they_o durante_fw-la hoc_fw-la congressu_fw-la officio_fw-la svo_fw-la praedictorum_fw-la dominorum_fw-la ducum_fw-la i._n e._n mecklenburgicorum_n ablegati_fw-la dominus_fw-la antonius_n bessel_n &_o dominus_fw-la joannes_n reuter_n sed_fw-la omnes_fw-la part_n impleverunt_fw-la quae_fw-la a_o ministrorum_fw-la fide_fw-la dexteritate_fw-la &_o vigilantia_fw-la expectari_fw-la possunt_fw-la in_o quorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidem_fw-la legatio_fw-la caesarea_n praesentes_fw-la hasce_fw-la a_o se_fw-la subscriptas_fw-la sigillis_fw-la suis_fw-la munivit_fw-la dabantur_fw-la neomagi_n dvodecima_fw-la februarii_fw-la anno_fw-la 1679._o iv_o swerin_n swerin_n swerin_n situate_v at_o about_o fifty_o english_a mile_n distance_n from_o rostock_n upon_o a_o great_a lake_n which_o from_o the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n be_v usual_o by_o the_o neighbourhood_n call_v der_n swerinsche_n see_n it_o be_v build_v and_o fortfy_v by_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n duke_n of_o saxony_n who_o soon_o after_o its_o first_o foundation_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o year_n 1163._o bestow_v this_o city_n with_o all_o the_o territory_n and_o lordship_n thereunto_o belong_v upon_o guntzel_n or_o gunceline_n one_o of_o the_o general_n in_o his_o army_n who_o he_o make_v earl_n of_o swerin_n his_o son_n henry_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o earldom_n be_v a_o great_a favourite_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n iv_o and_o well_o deserve_v all_o the_o honour_n his_o master_n can_v confer_v on_o he_o he_o take_v woldemar_n king_n of_o denmark_n prisoner_n in_o his_o own_o kingdom_n bring_v he_o bind_v into_o saxony_n in_o triumph_n and_o keep_v he_o in_o close_a custody_n in_o the_o castle_n at_o danneberg_n till_o his_o subject_n have_v almost_o reduce_v themselves_o to_o beggary_n by_o pay_v ransom_n the_o last_o earl_n of_o this_o family_n be_v otho_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1355._o his_o only_a daughter_n and_o child_n richardis_n be_v marry_v to_o albrecht_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o earldom_n of_o swerin_n after_o otho_n death_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n the_o bishopric_n of_o swerin_n be_v remove_v from_o mecklenburg_n to_o this_o city_n the_o first_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n be_v one_o johannes_n scotus_n who_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o prelacy_n a._n
whole_a army_n 16._o otto_n depose_v by_o honorius_n for_o simony_n 17._o rudolf_n founder_n of_o st._n mary_n church_n in_o halberstadt_n 18._o vlric_n who_o engage_v himself_o in_o a_o war_n against_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n to_o the_o almost_o utter_a destruction_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n for_o the_o city_n be_v take_v by_o the_o say_v duke_n army_n and_o burn_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n the_o citizen_n also_o and_o clergyman_n take_v sanctuary_n in_o the_o cathedral_n perish_v in_o the_o same_o flame_n with_o their_o church_n 19_o theodoric_n who_o rebuilt_a the_o cathedral_n which_o his_o predecessor_n have_v so_o unfortunate_o destroy_v 20._o barthold_n 21._o conrade_n 22._o frideric_n burggrave_n of_o kirchberg_n 23._o ludolf_n count_n of_o schladem_n 24._o meinhard_n 25._o ludolf_n the_o second_o count_n of_o schladem_n 26._o wolrad_n count_n kranichfeld_n 27._o herman_n count_n of_o blanckenburg_n 28._o albert_n count_n of_o anhalt_n 29._o albert_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n a_o great_a warrior_n who_o fight_v above_o twenty_o pitch_a battle_n as_o the_o chronicle_n of_o brunswic_n inform_v we_o and_o come_v off_o most_o common_o a_o conqueror_n 30._o ludowic_n landgraf_n of_o thuringen_n and_o marquis_n of_o misnia_n 31._o albert_n a_o great_a philosopher_n but_o unfortunate_a soldier_n overcome_v in_o battle_n by_o gerhard_n bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n a_o eloquent_a prelate_n in_o remembrance_n of_o which_o overthrow_n the_o burgher_n of_o halberstadt_n have_v to_o this_o day_n a_o proverbial_a say_n among_o they_o klanck_a uberwand_a den_n ranck_n that_o be_v rhetoric_n prove_v too_o hard_o for_o logic._n 32._o ernest_n count_n of_o honstein_n 33._o rudolf_n count_n of_o anhalt_n 34._o henry_n baron_n of_o werberge_n 35._o albert_n count_n of_o werningenrode_n 36._o john_n von_fw-mi hoym._n 37._o burcard_n baron_n of_o werberg_n 38._o gerhard_n von_fw-mi hoym._n 39_o ernest_n duke_n of_o saxony_n 40._o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 41._o john_n albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 42._o frideric_n elector_n of_o brandenburg_n 43._o sigismond_n brother_n to_o his_o predecessor_n frideric_n 44._o henry_n julius_n son_n of_o julius_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n elect_v bishop_n when_o he_o be_v a_o child_n of_o two_o year_n old_a upon_o condition_n that_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n shall_v have_v the_o whole_a government_n in_o their_o hand_n for_o twelve_o year_n pay_v only_o during_o the_o say_a term_n a_o certain_a yearly_a stipend_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o church_n to_o their_o infant-prelate_n in_o the_o year_n 1591._o this_o bishop_n abolish_v popish_a ceremony_n and_o establish_v the_o reform_a religion_n in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o halberstadt_n 45._o henry_n charles_n son_n of_o the_o forementioned_a henry_n julius_n he_o die_v at_o six_o year_n of_o age_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o brother_n 46._o rudolf_n who_o also_o die_v the_o year_n follow_v and_o so_o the_o diocese_n come_v to_o his_o brother_n 47._o christian_n a_o great_a champion_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n but_o not_o very_o fortunate_a 48._o leopold_n william_n archduke_n of_o austria_n the_o last_o bishop_n of_o this_o place_n in_o his_o time_n the_o reform_a religion_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o popery_n once_o more_o establish_v in_o halberstadt_n but_o not_o long_o after_o the_o swedish_n army_n have_v take_v the_o town_n restore_v the_o augsburg_n confession_n and_o keep_v possession_n of_o the_o city_n and_o diocese_n until_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n by_o which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v it_o be_v give_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n under_o the_o title_n of_o a_o principality_n in_o which_o estate_n it_o continue_v unto_o this_o day_n the_o town_n of_o halberstadt_n be_v tolerable_o well_o build_v halberstadt_n halberstadt_n the_o street_n be_v straight_o and_o uniform_a and_o many_o of_o the_o building_n fair_a and_o stately_a the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n in_o the_o town_n be_v the_o commiss_n a_o vast_a inn_n build_v by_o henry_n julius_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n and_o bishop_n of_o halberstadt_n this_o be_v think_v to_o contain_v more_o and_o better_a accommodation_n for_o stranger_n than_o any_o other_o house_n of_o its_o kind_n in_o europe_n albert_n count_n of_o wallenstein_n and_o duke_n of_o friedland_n general_n of_o the_o emperor_n force_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n keep_v his_o court_n for_o some_o month_n in_o this_o inn_n and_o find_v lodging_n in_o it_o for_o all_o his_o attendant_n and_o guard_n other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o this_o principality_n be_v gruningen_n gruningen_n 1._o gruningen_n where_o be_v ancient_o keep_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o halberstadt_n in_o the_o year_n 1593._o the_o old_a castle_n be_v demolish_v and_o a_o new_a one_o build_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o henry_n julius_n before_o mention_v the_o only_a remarkable_a thing_n in_o this_o place_n at_o present_a be_v the_o great_a organ_n in_o the_o new_a chapel_n and_o winefat_a in_o the_o outer_a court_n the_o late_a of_o these_o be_v make_v as_o the_o inscription_n show_v by_o one_o michael_n werner_n of_o landau_n upon_o the_o rhine_n possible_o in_o imitation_n of_o that_o much_o large_a one_o at_o heydelberg_n of_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v expect_v a_o description_n in_o its_o place_n this_o at_o gruningen_n will_v hold_v 161_o wagon_n load_v of_o wine_n reckon_v six_o hogshead_n to_o each_o load_n 2._o oschersleben_n oschersleben_n oschersleben_n a_o small_a town_n on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o magdeburg_n not_o far_o from_o which_o lie_v hornhausen_n now_o a_o despicable_a village_n but_o once_o the_o large_a town_n on_o the_o two_o 3._o osterwic_n a_o strong_a little_a town_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n ilse_n it_o ancient_a name_n be_v salingstede_n in_o which_o place_n as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a first_o found_v the_o bishopric_n which_o be_v afterward_o by_o its_o first_o bishop_n hildegrine_n remove_v to_o halberstadt_n upon_o this_o removal_n say_v werdenhagen_n the_o town_n get_v the_o new_a name_n of_o osterwic_n which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o be_o osten_v wieken_fw-mi oder_fw-ge weichen_fw-ge i.e._n to_o move_v towards_o the_o east_n to_o these_o i_o think_v we_o may_v add_v the_o city_n of_o quedlingburg_n a_o considerable_a and_o well_o situate_a town_n on_o the_o river_n bode_n but_o because_o it_o be_v subject_a at_o present_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n we_o shall_v reserve_v a_o more_o particular_a description_n of_o it_o till_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o some_o of_o that_o prince_n dominion_n thuringia_n lantgraviatus_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a serenissimo_fw-la fortissimoque_fw-la principi_fw-la ac_fw-la domino_fw-la d_o bernardo_n duci_fw-la saxoniae_fw-la juliae_fw-la clivorum_fw-la montiumque_fw-la lantgravio_n thuringiae_fw-la march_n misniae_fw-la comiti_fw-la marcae_fw-la et_fw-la ravensbergae_n domino_fw-la ravestini_n etc_n hanc_fw-la accuratissimam_fw-la totius_fw-la thuringiae_fw-la tabulam_fw-la lubens_fw-la consecrat_fw-mi dedicatque_fw-la henricus_fw-la hondius_n the_o landgraviat_fw-la of_o thuringen_n duringen_n or_o thuringen_n in_o latin_a author_n duringia_n and_o thuringia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o old_a deuringi_n toringi_n turingi_n or_o thuringi_n who_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o vandalii_fw-la mention_v by_o tacitus_n and_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n cluverius_n in_o his_o incomparable_a description_n of_o old_a germany_n give_v we_o a_o large_a account_n of_o the_o manner_n religion_n etc._n etc._n of_o these_o people_n together_o with_o a_o learned_a account_n of_o their_o first_o pass_v over_o the_o elb_n out_o of_o the_o mark_n and_o fix_v themselves_o in_o this_o place_n micraelius_n guess_v from_o the_o name_n of_o several_a town_n in_o thuringen_n such_o as_o gotha_n gotleben_n altengothen_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o thuringi_n be_v a_o gothic_a people_n and_o no_o branch_n of_o the_o vandal_n as_o cluverius_n will_v make_v they_o but_o his_o argument_n will_v only_o prove_v that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o gothic_a nation_n have_v former_o intermix_v itself_o with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n and_o not_o that_o the_o goth_n be_v once_o sole_a master_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n any_o more_o than_o the_o meeting_n with_o a_o few_o english_a name_n of_o town_n in_o pembrokeshire_n and_o other_o part_n of_o wales_n will_v demonstrate_v the_o welsh_a man_n to_o be_v of_o a_o anglo-saxonic_a extraction_n this_o province_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o river_n sala_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o hercynean_a wood_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o river_n werra_n on_o the_o south_n its_o utmost_a bound_n be_v those_o vast_a wood_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o franconia_n and_o be_v usual_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o thuringian_n forest_n the_o country_n abound_v almost_o everywhere_o with_o corn_n and_o in_o some_o place_n
you_o may_v meet_v large_a vineyard_n plentiful_o stock_v with_o grape_n out_o of_o which_o be_v press_v a_o much_o more_o palatable_a sort_n of_o wine_n then_o can_v be_v have_v in_o any_o part_n of_o saxony_n or_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n among_o the_o many_o kind_n of_o plant_n and_o herb_n wherewith_o the_o field_n and_o forest_n as_o well_o as_o garden_n of_o thuringen_n abound_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o peculiar_a to_o this_o province_n be_v wild_a saffron_n and_o woad_n the_o late_a of_o which_o be_v use_v by_o our_o dyer_n in_o their_o best_a blew_n and_o sky-colour_n and_o with_o which_o the_o old_a britain_n as_o cesar_n inform_v we_o be_v use_v to_o paint_v themselves_o near_a sangerhausen_n and_o salfeld_n have_v sometime_o be_v dug_n up_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o copper_n and_o silver_n over_o and_o at_o franckenhausen_n saltzungen_n and_o sultza_n they_o have_v still_o rich_a salt-pit_n the_o chief_a river_n of_o the_o country_n be_v the_o sala_n rivers_n rivers_n werra_n vnstrut_v hiera_n ilm_n leina_fw-la schwertze_n wipper_n helbe_n rahna_n helme_n lossa_n and_o giessel_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v several_a great_a lake_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o of_o their_o mountain_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v the_o weissensee_n and_o schwansee_n the_o boar_n of_o thuringen_n be_v a_o rough_a and_o unhew'n_a sort_n of_o people_n downright_a clown_n inhabitant_n inhabitant_n and_o so_o far_o stranger_n to_o courtship_n and_o breed_n that_o they_o be_v with_o much_o difficulty_n bring_v acquaint_v with_o the_o common_a principle_n of_o humanity_n they_o hardly_o admit_v of_o any_o manner_n of_o government_n or_o order_n among_o they_o and_o be_v possible_o the_o only_a german_n that_o be_v uncivil_a to_o traveller_n the_o thuringer_n upon_o their_o first_o appearance_n in_o these_o part_n government_n government_n subject_v themselves_o to_o a_o king_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n and_o continue_v in_o this_o estate_n till_o their_o whole_a land_n be_v overrun_v and_o conquer_v by_o the_o franc_n in_o the_o year_n 1522._o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a and_o his_o father_n king_n pepin_n who_o first_o root_v out_o paganism_n and_o plant_v christianity_n in_o this_o province_n the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n who_o govern_v it_o by_o several_a deputy_n and_o lieutenant_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o kingdom_n of_o thuringen_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o a_o great_a many_o county_n and_o barony_n or_o lordship_n such_o be_v the_o county_n of_o schwartzburg_n kirchberg_n kefernburg_n schoneberg_n gleichen_n sangerhausen_n etc._n etc._n the_o lordship_n of_o franckenstein_n saltza_n heldrungen_n dreffert_n apolda_n vargila_n etc._n etc._n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n ludowic_n count_n of_o schoneberg_n get_v the_o title_n of_o count_n of_o thuringen_n confer_v on_o he_o by_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n ii_o and_o his_o grandchild_n prevail_v with_o lotharius_n ii_o to_o change_v the_o title_n of_o count_n into_o landtgrave_n in_o this_o line_n the_o honour_n continue_v till_o the_o death_n of_o herman_n landtgrave_n of_o thuringen_n and_o hessen_n in_o the_o year_n 1226._o whereupon_o henry_n duke_n of_o brabant_n get_v possession_n of_o hessen_n and_o thuringen_n fall_v to_o henry_n marquis_n of_o misnia_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o house_n of_o saxony_n erfurt_n the_o metropolis_n of_o thuringen_n erfurt_n erfurt_n and_o one_o of_o the_o large_a city_n in_o germany_n be_v think_v by_o bertius_fw-la and_o other_o learned_a geographer_n to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o erfa_n a_o old_a ruinous_a castle_n near_o thirty_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o the_o town_n i_o have_v rather_o believe_v its_o ancient_a name_n to_o have_v be_v jerafurt_n which_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o ferry_n over_o the_o river_n jera_fw-fr on_o the_o bank_n of_o which_o this_o city_n now_o stand_v there_o be_v three_o barony_n and_o seventy-two_a fair_a village_n subject_a to_o the_o citizen_n of_o erfurt_n so_o that_o the_o country_n rustic_n have_v some_o reason_n for_o that_o proverbial_a say_n in_o ordinary_a use_n among_o they_o erfurt_n be_v not_o a_o city_n but_o a_o country_n when_o this_o great_a city_n which_o be_v about_o as_o large_a as_o coln_n and_o as_o beautiful_a be_v first_o build_v be_v not_o easy_o determine_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o boniface_n archbishop_n of_o mentz_n it_o be_v reckon_v a_o ancient_a city_n for_o there_o be_v still_o extant_a a_o epistle_n write_v by_o that_o prelate_n to_o pope_n zachary_n wherein_o we_o meet_v with_o these_o word_n unam_fw-la esse_fw-la sedem_fw-la episcopatus_fw-la decrevimus_fw-la in_o castello_n quod_fw-la dicitur_fw-la wurtzburg_n &_o alteram_fw-la in_o oppido_fw-la quod_fw-la nominatur_fw-la buriburg_n perhaps_o nuriburg_n tertiam_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la qui_fw-la dicitur_fw-la erphesfurt_n qui_fw-la fuit_fw-la olim_fw-la paganorum_fw-la the_o town_n be_v situate_a in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n abundant_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n and_o afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o good_a wine_n vast_a multitude_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v maintain_v by_o gather_v and_o dress_v the_o herb_n woad_n before_o mention_v which_o grow_v in_o great_a abundance_n in_o most_o field_n near_o erfurt_n this_o and_o the_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o town_n corn_n wine_n etc._n etc._n be_v carry_v off_o at_o two_o great_a fair_n in_o the_o year_n whereof_o one_o be_v hold_v the_o week_n after_o trinity_n sunday_n and_o the_o other_o at_o martinmass_n weimar_n a_o neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n weimar_n weimar_n in_o the_o middle_a way_n betwixt_o erfurt_n and_o jena_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v ancient_o call_v weinmarckt_v from_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o wine_n sell_v daily_o at_o this_o town_n it_o be_v questionless_a a_o place_n of_o great_a antiquity_n since_o as_o the_o old_a chronicle_n of_o thuringen_n witness_n the_o emperor_n otho_n ii_o hold_v a_o general_a diet_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o this_o city_n in_o the_o year_n 975._o the_o only_a remarkable_a thing_n in_o the_o town_n be_v the_o landgrave_n palace_n a_o regular_a and_o stately_a piece_n of_o building_n the_o city_n of_o jena_n seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o sala_n jena_n jena_n and_o famous_a for_o a_o univesity_n and_o great_a concourse_n of_o learned_a man_n may_v just_o be_v reckon_v the_o three_o in_o thuringen_n some_o german_a etymologist_n will_v have_v this_o town_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a fetch_v its_o name_n from_o the_o grape_n or_o vineyard_n about_o it_o they_o tell_v we_o jain_n signify_v wine_n in_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n and_o therefore_o too_o it_o be_v probable_a say_v they_o that_o the_o jew_n be_v first_o founder_n of_o this_o city_n but_o this_o conjecture_n have_v as_o little_a of_o probability_n in_o it_o as_o that_o fancy_n of_o some_o other_o who_o endeavour_n to_o derive_v the_o name_n of_o this_o town_n from_o the_o old_a roman_a god_n janus_n since_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o there_o grow_v any_o vine_n near_o this_o place_n foam_n century_n ago_o or_o that_o ever_o the_o jew_n be_v master_n of_o it_o the_o town_n be_v at_o present_a a_o well_o compact_a piece_n and_o tolerable_o well_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o turret_n the_o foundation_n of_o the_o university_n be_v first_o begin_v by_o john_n frideric_n elector_n of_o saxony_n who_o procure_v for_o it_o many_o brave_a and_o large_a privilege_n from_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o but_o this_o good_a prince_n never_o live_v to_o finish_v the_o work_n he_o have_v begin_v but_o upon_o his_o deathbed_n commit_v that_o charge_n to_o his_o son_n who_o get_v the_o forementioned_a privilege_n confirm_v by_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n in_o the_o year_n 1558._o since_o that_o time_n there_o have_v never_o want_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o eminent_a professor_n and_o learned_a man_n in_o all_o faculty_n in_o this_o university_n among_o who_o the_o great_a j._n lipsius_n be_v one_o a_o man_n sufficient_a of_o himself_o not_o to_o mention_v any_o of_o his_o learned_a colleague_n to_o eternize_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o place_n they_o have_v here_o a_o library_n give_v they_o by_o some_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o daily_o augment_v but_o not_o so_o considerable_a as_o to_o merit_v a_o particular_a description_n gotha_n the_o five_o great_a town_n in_o thuringen_n gotha_n gotha_n seat_v on_o the_o leina_fw-la be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o some_o of_o the_o old_a gothic_a troop_n on_o their_o march_n through_o this_o country_n towards_o italy_n and_o by_o they_o to_o have_v have_v the_o name_n of_o gotha_n give_v it_o however_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o be_v only_o a_o mean_a village_n such_o as_o may_v just_o serve_v for_o the_o tent_n of_o a_o company_n of_o hardy_a
of_o residence_n of_o the_o count_n regent_n be_v eisleben_n which_o have_v its_o name_n as_o well_o as_o eysenach_n eissfeld_n eysenberg_n and_o other_o neighbour_a town_n from_o the_o abundance_n of_o iron-ore_n which_o the_o native_n call_v eysen_v find_v in_o these_o part_n and_o not_o from_o the_o egyptian_a goddess_n isis_n who_o as_o some_o legendary_a historian_n tell_v we_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n osiris_n be_v in_o a_o melancholy_a humour_n wander_v into_o this_o country_n and_o give_v she_o own_o name_n to_o several_a of_o the_o town_n in_o which_o she_o sojourn_v the_o most_o notable_a thing_n which_o the_o german_a historian_n have_v record_v of_o this_o city_n be_v that_o their_o megalander_n martin_n luther_n be_v bear_v in_o this_o town_n in_o the_o year_n 1483_o and_o here_o end_v his_o day_n in_o the_o year_n 1564._o over_o the_o door_n of_o the_o house_n wherein_o he_o be_v bear_v the_o citizen_n take_v care_n to_o set_v up_o his_o picture_n in_o stone_n with_o this_o inscription_n hostess_fw-la eram_fw-la papae_fw-la sociorum_fw-la pestis_fw-la &_o huius_fw-la vox_fw-la mea_fw-la cum_fw-la scriptis_fw-la nil_fw-la nisi_fw-la christus_fw-la erat_fw-la john_n forster_n a_o professor_n of_o divinity_n at_o wittenberg_n and_o superintendant_n of_o the_o church_n at_o eisleben_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o happen_v a_o great_a fire_n in_o this_o city_n in_o the_o year_n 1601_o wherein_o the_o count_n palace_n and_o 250_o citizens-house_n perish_v but_o yet_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o church_n wherein_o this_o bless_a saint_n luther_n as_o he_o call_v he_o be_v christen_v the_o house_n wherein_o he_o be_v bear_v and_o another_o in_o which_o he_o die_v be_v save_v from_o the_o flame_n though_o all_o about_o they_o be_v lay_v in_o ash_n but_o however_o this_o great_a man_n sanctity_n though_o able_a it_o seem_v to_o protect_v whole_a house_n from_o the_o rage_n and_o violence_n of_o the_o flame_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o secure_v his_o monument_n from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o imperialist_n who_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n break_v down_o his_o image_n and_o deface_v the_o inscription_n above_o mention_v the_o old_a and_o ruinous_a city_n of_o mansfeld_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o county_n lie_v about_o five_o english_a mile_n from_o eisleben_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n which_o for_o many_o year_n have_v lay_v desolate_a but_o be_v repair_v and_o fortify_v in_o the_o year_n 1547._o wippra_fw-la arnstein_n quernfurt_n with_o some_o other_o be_v remarkable_a for_o nothing_o else_o but_o give_v name_n to_o so_o many_o petty_a county_n into_o which_o the_o the_o whole_a county_n of_o mansfeld_n to_o provide_v title_n for_o its_o many_o earl_n be_v usual_o divide_v saxonia_n superior_a apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a the_o upper_a of_o saxony_n although_o it_o be_v usual_a with_o every_o historian_n that_o treat_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o germany_n to_o make_v frequent_a mention_n of_o the_o saxon_n yet_o in_o such_o different_a sense_n be_v that_o word_n use_v by_o they_o that_o we_o shall_v scarce_o meet_v with_o two_o of_o they_o that_o mean_v the_o same_o thing_n by_o saxony_n now_o the_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o disagreement_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o uncertain_a bound_n and_o limit_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o that_o ancient_a and_o warlike_a people_n and_o the_o division_n of_o their_o land_n into_o so_o many_o petty_a tribe_n and_o province_n who_o be_v all_o ambitious_a of_o appropriate_v the_o name_n of_o saxon_n to_o themselves_o albinus_n say_v the_o ancient_a limit_n of_o saxony_n be_v on_o the_o east_n the_o elb_n on_o the_o west_n the_o embs_n on_o the_o south_n bohemia_n and_o franconia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n bohemia_n and_o franconia_n and_o on_o the_o north_n denmark_n but_o ptolomey_n confine_v that_o nation_n within_o much_o narrow_a bound_n henry_n the_o lion_n territory_n reach_v from_o the_o elb_n to_o the_o rhine_n and_o from_o the_o baltic_a down_o as_o far_o as_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o the_o hercynian_a wood._n this_o whole_a tract_n be_v more_o immediate_o divide_v into_o the_o low_a and_o upper_a saxony_n of_o the_o former_a whereof_o we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o account_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o late_a be_v sometime_o comprehend_v beside_o the_o dukedom_n of_o saxony_n or_o chur-sachsen_a as_o the_o german_n call_v it_o the_o marquisate_n of_o misnia_n voitlandia_n thuringen_n the_o whole_a hercynian_a forest_n the_o principality_n of_o anhalt_n with_o some_o more_o of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n but_o in_o this_o place_n we_o only_o understand_v the_o upper_a saxony_n strict_o so_o call_v or_o that_o small_a province_n which_o give_v the_o elector_n the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o saxony_n which_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o low_a lusatia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o principality_n of_o anhalt_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o county_n of_o mansfeld_n and_o landgraviate_v of_o thuringen_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o marquisate_n of_o misnia_n this_o small_a province_n come_v to_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o saxony_n upon_o this_o occasion_n when_o the_o overgrow_a power_n of_o henry_n the_o lion_n be_v grow_v so_o formidable_a as_o to_o oblige_v the_o emperor_n to_o depose_v he_o and_o to_o divide_v his_o territory_n among_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n many_o of_o who_o by_o their_o good_a service_n have_v deserve_v large_a recompense_n at_o his_o hand_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n be_v the_o only_a dominion_n continue_v to_o the_o posterity_n of_o the_o depose_a prince_n the_o low_a part_n of_o westphalia_n be_v seize_v on_o by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o coln_n and_o another_o part_n of_o it_o above_o the_o weser_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o paderbourn_n and_o a_o three_o be_v give_v to_o herman_n landgrave_n of_o thuringen_n the_o prince_n of_o anhalt_n and_o count_n of_o mansfeld_n be_v make_v master_n of_o another_o portion_n of_o this_o large_a dukedom_n and_o several_a of_o the_o hans-town_n be_v make_v imperial_a and_o subject_v to_o a_o government_n of_o their_o own_o by_o this_o mean_n there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v to_o be_v settle_v upon_o bernhard_n prince_n of_o anhalt_n who_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n have_v create_v duke_n elector_n in_o the_o room_n of_o henry_n the_o lion_n but_o the_o territory_n betwixt_o the_o sala_n and_o the_o elb_n and_o some_o of_o that_o too_o as_o the_o city_n of_o wittenberg_n be_v before_o assign_v he_o by_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n the_o three_o however_o it_o be_v order_v that_o these_o narrow_a dominion_n shall_v have_v the_o name_n of_o ober-sax_n or_o the_o upper_a saxony_n give_v they_o and_o that_o wittenberg_n shall_v from_o thence_o forward_o be_v the_o electoral_a city_n the_o county_n be_v tolerable_o well_o provide_v for_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n soil_n soil_n but_o come_v far_o short_a of_o its_o neighbour_a province_n misnia_n and_o thuringen_n though_o the_o hill_n here_o afford_v some_o mine_n of_o silver_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o metal_n yet_o the_o country_n will_v scarce_o yield_v so_o much_o wood_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cleanse_v and_o purify_v it_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v still_o strict_a observer_n of_o the_o ancient_a municipal_a law_n of_o their_o heathen_a ancestor_n law_n law_n which_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a as_o so_o agreeable_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n that_o he_o see_v no_o necessity_n of_o abrogate_a these_o upon_o his_o introduce_v of_o christianity_n and_o the_o observation_n of_o gospel_n precept_n the_o choice_a of_o these_o old_a statute_n be_v collect_v into_o two_o body_n or_o digest_v whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v der_n sachsen-spiegel_n or_o speculum_fw-la saxonicum_fw-la the_o other_o which_o be_v only_o a_o abstract_n of_o the_o former_a das_fw-la sachsische_n weichbild_n the_o sachsen-spiegel_n be_v at_o first_o like_o justinian_n institutes_n collect_v by_o a_o german_a nobleman_n eke_o von_fw-mi repkau_n out_o of_o a_o great_a many_o old_a record_n and_o law_n publish_v in_o the_o day_n of_o superstition_n and_o idolatry_n it_o contain_v in_o it_o three_o book_n whereof_o the_o first_o consist_v of_o 71_o article_n the_o second_o of_o 72_o and_o the_o three_o of_o 91._o this_o with_o a_o glossary_a annex_v explain_v all_o the_o difficult_a and_o antiquate_a law-term_n in_o it_o be_v first_o publish_v by_o one_o burchard_n lord_n of_o mangelfeld_n but_o a_o more_o accurate_a edition_n be_v afterward_o set_v out_o in_o print_n by_o c._n zobelius_n at_o leipsick_a in_o the_o year_n 1569._o das_fw-ge weichbild_n or_o wickbild_n signify_v proper_o
of_o a_o piece_n of_o cloth_n a_o apt_a name_n for_o a_o city_n which_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v the_o further_a boundary_a and_o bulwark_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o silesia_n it_o be_v a_o comely_a old_a city_n seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a and_o in_o a_o good_a air_n the_o duke_n palace_n town-hall_n and_o some_o citizen_n house_n be_v build_v with_o a_o neat_a and_o well_o polish_a stone_n the_o neighbour_a hill_n be_v cover_v with_o apple_n pear_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o fruit._n some_o wine_n they_o have_v grow_v but_o exact_o such_o trash_n as_o altmarck_n and_o some_o other_o part_n of_o the_o elector_n dominion_n be_v wont_a to_o produce_v ii_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o glogaw_n this_o city_n be_v usual_o know_v by_o name_n of_o great_a glogau_n city_n city_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o a_o much_o more_o inconsiderable_a town_n of_o the_o same_o name_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o oppelen_n cureus_n fancy_n 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wonderful_a strong_a and_o heady_a beer_n they_o be_v also_o common_o torment_v with_o the_o stone_n and_o gravel_n in_o the_o kidney_n a_o distemper_n partly_o ascribe_v by_o their_o physician_n to_o the_o same_o cause_n with_o the_o former_a and_o partly_o to_o their_o feed_n chief_o on_o pork_n cheese_n etc._n etc._n to_o this_o dukedom_n belong_v the_o petty_a town_n of_o guhrau_n dukedom_n dukedom_n sprottau_n grunberg_n schwibussen_n beuthen_n pulkwitz_n koben_n newstatt_n warienberg_n and_o primnikaw_n the_o people_n of_o this_o province_n have_v this_o peculiar_a anti-salic_a law_n among_o they_o that_o upon_o failure_n of_o issue_n male_a a_o daughter_n inherit_v the_o estate_n of_o her_o father_n before_o any_o of_o the_o near_a of_o his_o male_a relation_n iii_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o sagan_n sagan_n once_o one_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o populous_a city_n city_n and_o still_o one_o of_o the_o large_a city_n in_o silesia_n it_o be_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n several_a time_n take_v by_o the_o swedish_n force_n and_o retake_v by_o the_o imperialist_n there_o be_v now_o little_a remarkable_a to_o be_v see_v upon_o that_o large_a spot_n of_o ground_n whereon_o this_o city_n be_v place_v except_o only_o the_o castle_n st._n mary_n church_n and_o two_o monastery_n and_o these_o be_v rather_o venerable_a for_o age_n then_o commendable_a for_o any_o thing_n of_o rarity_n that_o be_v in_o they_o the_o dukedom_n call_v by_o the_o polish_v writer_n ducatus_fw-la zeganensis_fw-la be_v of_o no_o large_a extent_n in_o length_n or_o breadth_n duâ—â—_n duâ—â—_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o west_n with_o lusatia_n and_o the_o barony_n of_o sora_n which_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o rhe_n marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o javer_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o the_o great_a glogaw_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o crossen_n it_o be_v once_o a_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o glogaw_n but_o afterward_o it_o be_v subject_v to_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o sometime_o three_o or_o four_o at_o once_o whence_o we_o read_v of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sagan_n in_o the_o plural_a number_n there_o be_v some_o large_a and_o rich_a cornfield_n in_o this_o province_n which_o be_v well_o water_v with_o the_o river_n bober_n queiss_n tschirn_n and_o neisse_n pribus_fw-la naumburg_n and_o freywald_n three_o small_a city_n be_v all_o subject_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o sagan_n iv_o the_o town_n and_o dukedom_n of_o wolaw_n notwithstanding_o that_o wolaw_n be_v ancient_o account_v a_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n duâ—â—_n duâ—â—_n and_o have_v always_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o same_o law_n and_o government_n yet_o the_o petty_a prince_n of_o silesia_n whether_o it_o be_v to_o multiply_v their_o title_n or_o for_o what_o other_o reason_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v have_v of_o late_a year_n make_v it_o a_o dukedom_n of_o itself_o and_o because_o thus_o separate_v from_o lignitz_n it_o be_v still_o too_o large_a to_o be_v guide_v and_o govern_v by_o one_o man_n be_v near_o as_o big_a as_o either_o of_o our_o english_a county_n of_o huntingdon_n or_o rutland_n they_o have_v subdivide_v it_o into_o six_o large_a circle_n or_o hundred_o which_o have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o they_o viz._n wolau_n hernstadt_n winze_v ruten_n raude_n and_o steinaw_n none_o of_o which_o be_v worth_a the_o describe_v to_o these_o they_o add_v two_o more_o enclosure_n no_o big_a than_o one_o of_o our_o small_a parish_n in_o england_n whereof_o the_o one_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o koben_n and_o the_o other_o breubawischer_n haul_v both_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v see_v in_o the_o map_n and_o thence_o be_v able_a to_o take_v a_o estimate_n of_o their_o true_a bulk_n and_o value_n wolau_n itself_o which_o in_o this_o country_n make_v a_o shift_n to_o give_v title_n to_o a_o duke_n city_n city_n may_v pass_v for_o a_o market-town_n in_o england_n but_o will_v never_o merit_v as_o here_o it_o do_v the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n it_o be_v every_o way_n mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a the_o building_n in_o it_o be_v contemptible_a and_o the_o citizen_n for_o so_o they_o will_v needs_o style_v themselves_o hardly_o able_a to_o provide_v bread_n for_o their_o family_n out_o of_o the_o little_a or_o no_o trade_n of_o the_o place_n the_o neighbour_a lake_n der_fw-mi gross_a teich_n furnish_v they_o indeed_o with_o fish_n enough_o for_o the_o support_n both_o of_o themselves_o and_o their_o child_n or_o otherwise_o they_o will_v not_o i_o think_v have_v any_o possibility_n of_o subsist_v and_o yet_o this_o mean_a place_n be_v for_o some_o time_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o german_a civil_a war_n nay_o the_o swedish_n lieutenant_n gortzke_n think_v it_o no_o small_a piece_n of_o honour_n that_o he_o brave_o maintain_v himself_o and_o a_o garrison_n in_o the_o town_n for_o some_o month_n when_o god_n know_v no_o commander_n of_o note_n will_v so_o far_o undervalue_v himself_o as_o to_o attack_v it_o ducatus_n silesiae_fw-la glogani_n vera_fw-la delineatio_fw-la notarum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs._n oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templis_fw-la pagus_n cum_fw-la sede_n nobile_fw-la pagus_n arx._n monasterium_fw-la vinetorum_fw-la colles_n fedina_n et_fw-fr officina_fw-la ferri_n lacus_n sive_fw-la stâ—â—â—um_fw-la paludes_n ducatus_fw-la silesiae_fw-la wolanus_n notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la urbs_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n arx_n molindinum_n vinetum_fw-la mons_fw-la notabilis_fw-la bona_fw-la ecclesiastica_fw-la ducatus_fw-la breslanus_n sive_fw-la wratislaviensis_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la janssonio-waâ—sbergiorum_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephaâ—â—â—_n swart_a notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs._n oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n molendinum_fw-la arx._n w_n â—â—yal_a devoir_n to_o the_o …_o be_v honourable_a sr_n george_n cartwright_n bar._n vice_n câ—â—â—berline_n of_o the_o king_n househould_v 〈◊〉_d map_n be_v humble_o â—â—â—dicated_v breslaw_n totius_fw-la silesiae_fw-la metropolis_n ducatus_fw-la silesiae_fw-la ligniciensis_fw-la exit_fw-la officina_fw-la janssonio-waesbergiana_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-la stephani_fw-la swart_a notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs._n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n arx._n molendinum_fw-la mons_fw-la notabilis_fw-la locus_fw-la ubi_fw-la dimicatum_fw-la fürstliche_n stadt_n lignitz_n schloss_n closter_n zu_fw-ge vaser_n lieben_fw-mi frawen_v s._n johan_n s._n peter_n und_fw-ge paul_n v._o the_o dukedom_n and_o city_n of_o oelse_n oelsse_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o low_a silesia_n about_o sixteen_o mile_n distant_a from_o breslaw_n first_o make_v a_o city_n out_o of_o a_o poor_a village_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o in_o the_o year_n 936._o the_o country_n round_o this_o town_n be_v pleasant_a enough_o and_o the_o air_n wholesome_a the_o gate_n wall_n turret_n and_o other_o fortification_n of_o the_o city_n be_v handsome_a and_o noble_a before_o the_o late_a war_n but_o the_o swedish_n general_n wittenberg_n troop_n demolish_v the_o great_a part_n of_o
the_o reader_n for_o the_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la find_v here_o in_o great_a quantity_n reichenbach_n polckenhahn_n landeshut_n freyberg_n friedberg_n fridland_n zobten_n waldberg_n and_o gottesberg_n 3._o brieg_n brieg_n brieg_n or_o brig_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o polish_v word_n berega_n which_o signify_v a_o exceed_a high_a bank_n of_o a_o river_n such_o as_o this_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o street_n here_o be_v uniform_a enough_o and_o the_o house_n general_o build_v of_o stone_n st._n nicholas_n church_n be_v a_o high_a and_o stately_a old_a fabric_n beautify_v with_o two_o tower_n and_o build_v after_o the_o ancient_a franckish_a mode_n this_o whole_a city_n except_v only_o some_o few_o public_a building_n be_v lay_v in_o ash_n by_o the_o hussites_n who_o overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o bohemia_n and_o silesia_n in_o the_o year_n 1428._o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brieg_n be_v reckon_v the_o town_n of_o strelen_n olau_n nimptsch_n pitschen_n creutzburg_n loben_n michelau_n and_o little_a oelsse_n the_o two_o mine-town_n of_o reichenstein_n and_o silberberg_n be_v joint_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o brieg_n and_o lignitz_n who_o be_v both_o of_o the_o same_o family_n and_o descend_v from_o the_o ancient_a hereditary_a king_n of_o poland_n 4._o monsterberg_n monsterberg_n monsterberg_n or_o munsterberg_n so_o call_v from_o the_o monastery_n build_v in_o this_o place_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o first_o the_o founder_n of_o this_o city_n be_v seat_v not_o far_o from_o the_o head_n of_o the_o river_n ola_n in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n the_o town_n be_v neither_o large_a nor_o strong_a and_o have_v nothing_o in_o it_o of_o note_n but_o the_o school_n a_o old_a castle_n and_o a_o fair_a town-hall_n in_o this_o dukedom_n be_v the_o town_n of_o franckenstein_n and_o warta_n to_o which_o some_o historian_n and_o geographer_n be_v please_v to_o add_v hainrichau_n tepliwoda_n and_o kamentz_n 5._o oppelen_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o sandy_a and_o dry_a oppelen_n oppelen_n but_o fruitful_a country_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o prevail_v with_o the_o emperor_n to_o withdraw_v all_o his_o force_n and_o subject_n hence_o in_o the_o year_n 1647._o since_o which_o time_n the_o citizen_n of_o oppelen_n and_o all_o the_o rustic_n in_o the_o village_n near_o it_o speak_v the_o polish_v language_n if_o strong_a gate_n and_o thick_a wall_n be_v proof_n against_o modern_a siege_n this_o town_n be_v sufficient_o provide_v against_o the_o assault_n of_o a_o enemy_n but_o otherwise_o its_o fortification_n be_v very_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a among_o the_o many_o town_n and_o village_n in_o this_o dukedom_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v little_a glogaw_n neustat_n kosel_n beudten_n gleibitz_fw-fr tost_n strehlitz_n falckenberg_n zultz_n rosenberg_n lublinitz_n and_o schurgast_n ix_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o grotkaw_n jegerndorf_n troppau_n ratibor_n and_o teschen_n crotkaw_n be_v a_o city_n of_o no_o great_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bulk_n as_o its_o name_n seem_v to_o intimate_v but_o so_o well_o seat_v that_o it_o be_v a_o proverb_n in_o this_o country_n it_o be_v as_o impossible_a as_o for_o a_o grotkawer_n to_o starve_v or_o freeze_v the_o reason_n of_o which_o expression_n be_v ground_v upon_o each_o burger_n have_v a_o plentiful_a share_n in_o the_o adjacent_a cornfield_n and_o neighbour_a wood_n most_o of_o the_o house_n in_o the_o town_n be_v wood-building_n only_o the_o church_n bishop_n palace_n and_o the_o town-hall_n be_v of_o stone_n the_o dukedom_n of_o grotkaw_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n though_o sometime_o its_o lieutenant_n be_v a_o polander_n and_o contain_v in_o it_o the_o city_n of_o neisse_n a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n otmachau_n wansen_n ziegenhals_n freywald_n hozenplotz_n jawernick_n kaltenstein_n patschkau_n oy_a weidau_n and_o zackmantel_n the_o great_a trade_n of_o this_o country_n especial_o the_o citizen_n of_o neisse_n be_v in_o make_v and_o sell_v to_o the_o merchant_n of_o bohemia_n and_o poland_n a_o sort_n of_o strong_a and_o durable_a linnen-cloth_n for_o bed_n and_o bolster_n 2._o jagerndorf_n jagerndorf_n jagerndorf_n which_o signify_v in_o the_o german_a language_n a_o village_n inhabit_v by_o huntsman_n and_o have_v its_o name_n probable_o from_o the_o abundance_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o game_n in_o the_o neighbour_a wood_n the_o moravian_o call_v this_o town_n carnowf_n whence_o the_o dukedom_n be_v ordinary_o by_o latin_a author_n name_v ducatus_fw-la carnoviensis_fw-la and_o a_o citizen_n of_o this_o place_n carnowfsky_n from_o the_o ancient_a arm_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v a_o pair_n of_o horn_n between_o two_o great_a stone_n this_o city_n with_o the_o small_a dukedom_n which_o bear_v its_o name_n be_v give_v by_o ludowic_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n to_o george_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o build_v the_o castle_n and_o erect_v the_o other_o little_a fortification_n that_o defend_v the_o town_n ducatus_fw-la silesiae_fw-la grotganus_fw-la cum_fw-la districtu_fw-la episcopali_fw-la nissensi_fw-la to_o john_n nicholls_n esq_n of_o trewane_n in_o cornwall_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o moses_n pitt_n notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs_fw-la arx_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n nobilis_fw-la pagus_n episcopalis_fw-la commenda_fw-la comitatus_fw-la glatz_n notae_fw-la vrbs_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la vicus_n arx_n auri_fw-la et_fw-fr argenti_fw-la fordinae_fw-la mons_fw-la notabilis_fw-la kohloruben_n holtz_n fluesse_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o and_o all_o other_o town_n and_o village_n in_o the_o dukedom_n observe_v the_o same_o law_n with_o the_o moravian_o for_o which_o reason_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v often_o endeavour_v to_o associate_v themselves_o to_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n and_o renounce_v all_o dependence_n upon_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n but_o have_v always_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o troppau_n who_o have_v still_o be_v zealous_a to_o continue_v member_n of_o their_o ancient_a body_n 4._o ratibor_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a about_o six_o german_a mile_n from_o oppelen_n we_o have_v no_o account_n of_o it_o before_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1164_o so_o that_o most_o geographer_n venture_v to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v build_v about_o that_o time_n the_o private_a dwell_a house_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o silesia_n general_o wooden_a building_n but_o the_o duke_n palace_n cathedral_n and_o some_o other_o public_a building_n be_v of_o stone_n there_o be_v still_o in_o the_o city_n one_o popish_a monastery_n and_o former_o the_o jesuit_n have_v a_o great_a foot_n in_o it_o but_o since_o the_o reformation_n that_o sort_n of_o cattle_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o their_o harbour_n the_o dukedom_n of_o ratibor_n which_o contain_v the_o town_n of_o oderberg_n sora_n ribenick_n pilzowitz_n and_o mieslowitz_n be_v former_o govern_v by_o a_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n valentinus_n its_o last_a prince_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1516_o it_o become_v more_o immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n 5._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d teschen_n or_o tessin_n be_v one_o of_o the_o old_a city_n in_o silesia_n say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o cessimir_n or_o gessimir_n son_n of_o lescus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n a._n d._n 810_o and_o from_o he_o to_o have_v have_v its_o first_o name_n which_o have_v since_o be_v corrupt_v into_o tessin_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o silesia_n moravia_n poland_n and_o hungary_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o its_o citizen_n speak_v a_o medley_n of_o language_n hardly_o intelligible_a to_o any_o but_o themselves_o they_o have_v here_o great_a store_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o venison_n and_o wild_a fowl_n the_o vistula_n and_o elsa_n afford_v they_o plenty_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o hungarian_a merchant_n bring_v they_o in_o daily_o vast_a quantity_n of_o wine_n fruit_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o that_o country_n at_o one_o of_o their_o church_n they_o have_v weekly_o divine_a service_n and_o a_o sermon_n in_o the_o bohemian_a language_n and_o at_o another_o the_o like_a in_o high_a dutch_a for_o of_o these_o two_o nation_n the_o burgher_n chief_o consist_v here_o be_v brew_v beer_n of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o with_o wheat_n and_o the_o other_o with_o ordinary_a barley_n malt_n the_o latter_a of_o these_o they_o call_v matznotz_n a_o sort_n of_o drink_n pleasant_a enough_o but_o mighty_a strong_a and_o heady_a which_o too_o often_o on_o their_o market-day_n make_v the_o poor_a rustic_n commit_v several_a outrage_n and_o disorder_n in_o the_o height_n of_o their_o jollity_n in_o this_o dukedom_n there_o be_v several_a high_a mountain_n whereof_o two_o row_v be_v more_o especial_o remarkable_a and_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o geographer_n and_o historian_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v those_o on_o the_o
east_n of_o the_o dukedom_n divide_v it_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o hungary_n and_o poland_n mention_v usual_o in_o latin_a writer_n by_o the_o name_n of_o montes_n carpatii_n or_o hungarici_n but_o by_o the_o native_n of_o this_o country_n call_v common_o jablunka_n among_o these_o hill_n the_o silesian_n find_v the_o chief_a treasure_n of_o their_o great_a dukedom_n have_v here_o a_o great_a many_o mine_n of_o silver_n and_o lead_n the_o miner_n that_o inhabit_v these_o part_n be_v call_v by_o their_o neighbour_n die_v walachen_n and_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o people_n much_o more_o rough_a and_o rustical_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o silesian_n a_o vast_a company_n of_o these_o boar_n in_o the_o year_n 1643_o revolt_v from_o the_o imperialist_n and_o flee_v to_o the_o swedish_n army_n but_o be_v not_o long_o after_o reclaim_v the_o other_o row_n of_o mountain_n be_v on_o the_o south_n and_o divide_v the_o dukedom_n of_o teschen_n from_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n these_o hill_n the_o native_n call_v gesencke_v but_o latin_a author_n make_v they_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sudetes_n and_o name_v they_o montes_n moravici_n these_o latter_a do_v not_o afford_v that_o plenty_n of_o ore_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o former_a but_o be_v tolerable_o well_o stock_v with_o mineral_n and_o some_o metal_n and_o supply_v what_o they_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o other_o in_o this_o kind_n with_o huge_a flock_n of_o sheep_n which_o be_v here_o pasture_v other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o teschen_n be_v bielitz_n freystattlein_n friedick_n jablunke_v which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o eastern_a row_n of_o mountain_n abovementioned_a nistkow_n strummen_n skotschau_n and_o schwartzwasser_n some_o add_v lassla_n with_o who_o agree_v j._n scultetus_n map_n of_o silesia_n but_o this_o town_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o troppau_n x._o the_o county_n and_o city_n of_o glatz_n among_o the_o montes_n sudetes_n lie_v the_o county_n of_o glatz_n county_n county_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o moravia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o bohemia_n and_o on_o the_o east_n and_o north_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n for_o which_o reason_n modern_a geographer_n have_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n to_o determine_v which_o of_o the_o three_o nation_n they_o shall_v refer_v it_o to_o some_o of_o they_o make_v it_o a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohehemia_n other_o esteem_v it_o a_o petty_a province_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n and_o a_o three_o sort_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v most_o probability_n on_o their_o side_n call_v it_o a_o silesian_n county_n it_o be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v the_o marsigni_n in_o who_o day_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n be_v call_v luca._n after_o they_o the_o hungarian_n get_v possession_n of_o this_o and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n and_o keep_v it_o till_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o rout_v they_o and_o hang_v up_o their_o chief_a commander_n in_o one_o of_o the_o forest_n of_o this_o county_n from_o this_o great_a hungarian_a warrior_n who_o name_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v glozar_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n or_o glotz_n be_v first_o name_v though_o other_o etymologist_n think_v its_o ancient_a name_n to_o be_v klotz_n which_o signify_v proper_o the_o root_n and_o trunk_n of_o a_o tree_n but_o be_v sometime_o take_v for_o a_o large_a forest_n or_o copps_z of_o shrub_n such_o as_o they_o tell_v we_o once_o grow_v in_o the_o place_n where_o glatz_n now_o stand_v the_o nobility_n of_o this_o county_n have_v a_o tradition_n among_o they_o that_o before_o their_o land_n be_v conquer_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o make_v christian_a this_o county_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n by_o who_o it_o be_v afterward_o bestow_v on_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n m._n george_n aelurius_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o the_o city_n and_o county_n of_o glatz_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1625_o say_v that_o it_o be_v as_o his_o countryman_n affirm_v subject_n at_o first_o to_o the_o emperor_n but_o afterward_o win_v and_o enjoy_v for_o some_o time_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o who_o the_o bohemian_o take_v it_o and_o as_o appear_v from_o the_o record_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v master_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1074_o and_o 1114._o after_o this_o the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n make_v themselves_o lord_n of_o the_o county_n of_o glatz_n which_o within_o a_o while_n return_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o then_o back_o again_o to_o the_o foresay_a duke_n in_o this_o state_n it_o continue_v till_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o in_o who_o reign_n it_o be_v once_o more_o subject_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o thus_o it_o continue_v till_o king_n george_n about_o the_o year_n 1460_o bestow_v the_o city_n of_o glatz_n munsterberg_n and_o franckenstein_n upon_o his_o own_o son_n who_o thereupon_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n and_o earl_n of_o glatz_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iv_o in_o the_o year_n 1500_o the_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n sell_v this_o country_n to_o vlric_n earl_n of_o hardegg_n who_o successor_n within_o less_o than_o forty_o year_n after_o sell_v it_o again_o to_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n i._n who_o bestow_v it_o on_o the_o lord_n of_o bernstein_n from_o they_o it_o descend_v a._n d._n 1549_o upon_o ernest_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n after_o who_o death_n it_o return_v again_o to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n the_o commodity_n of_o this_o country_n be_v iron_n coal_n silver-ore_n timber_n all_o sort_n of_o venison_n and_o tame_a cattle_n butter_n cheese_n etc._n etc._n how_o rich_a the_o country_n be_v may_v hence_o easy_o be_v gather_v that_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n steward_n and_o rent-gatherers_a have_v be_v know_v to_o bring_v into_o their_o master_n coffer_n near_o forty_o thousand_o ricxdollar_n yearly_o out_o of_o this_o one_o county_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n be_v a_o neat_a and_o compact_a town_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o neisse_n but_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o neighbour_a hill_n which_o overlook_v and_o command_v the_o town_n the_o great_a church_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v former_o the_o temple_n of_o a_o idol_n worship_v by_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n in_o which_o as_o aelurius_n tell_v we_o the_o young_a maid_n of_o the_o country_n use_v to_o nail_v up_o their_o hair_n against_o the_o wall_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o that_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o several_a of_o these_o kind_n of_o tabulae_fw-la votivae_fw-la be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o charter_n of_o their_o city_n permit_v their_o magistrate_n to_o coin_v money_n in_o their_o own_o name_n but_o they_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o the_o privilege_n any_o further_a than_o to_o give_v abroad_o a_o kind_n of_o small_a coin_n little_o better_o than_o the_o farthing_n and_o halfpence_n late_o currant_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o no_o better_a man_n than_o a_o ordinary_a grocer_n or_o chandler_n in_o most_o of_o our_o market-town_n in_o england_n beside_o glatz_n there_o be_v the_o follow_v nine_o great_a town_n in_o this_o county_n havelswerd_v neurode_o winschelburg_n mitselwald_n reinertz_n lewin_n landeck_v beurath_n and_o wilhelmsthal_n or_o neustatl_n beside_o a_o hundred_o fair_a village_n and_o upward_o marchionatus_n moraviae_n auct_n i._o comenio_n excudebat_fw-la janssonio-waesbergä_a moses_n pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanus_n swart_a notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs_fw-la muris_fw-la cincla_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n turritus_fw-la arx_n zamek_a castellum_n â—â—â—z_fw-fr pagi_n innominati_n monasterium_fw-la vinetorum_fw-la colle_n thermae_n seu_fw-la aquae_fw-la medicale_n officinae_fw-la â—â—â—â—aria_fw-it auri_fw-la et_fw-fr argenti_n fodinae_fw-la ferri_n fodinae_fw-la the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n moravia_n be_v common_o in_o the_o bohemian_a writer_n prefer_v before_o silesia_n although_o this_o late_a be_v a_o dukedom_n and_o the_o other_o no_o more_o than_o a_o marquisate_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o preeminence_n must_v be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o this_o marquisate_n have_v be_v ancient_o a_o kingdom_n or_o else_o to_o its_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n before_o ever_o the_o silesian_n embrace_v their_o yoke_n the_o german_n call_v this_o country_n mahren_n and_o some_o of_o their_o writer_n will_v have_v it_o name_v mehrhenland_n or_o equarum_fw-la regio_fw-la imagine_v the_o true_a etymology_n of_o the_o word_n to_o come_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o horse_n or_o mare_n breed_v in_o this_o marquisate_n but_o certain_o the_o word_n moravia_n which_o be_v undoubted_o of_o the_o same_o offspring_n with_o the_o
henry_n the_o first_o be_v sister_n though_o other_o think_v it_o rather_o a_o corruption_n of_o papenberg_n or_o pfaffenberg_n as_o have_v be_v ancient_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o priest_n or_o pfaffen_n we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n with_o the_o delicate_a situation_n of_o this_o city_n abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o rich_a fruit_n and_o plant_n beyond_o any_o of_o its_o neighbour_a province_n and_o shall_v here_o only_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o be_v observable_a within_o the_o town_n the_o old_a earl_n of_o bamberg_n keep_v their_o residence_n at_o altenburg_n about_o a_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o town_n but_o the_o bishop_n have_v now_o adays_o a_o palace_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o city_n on_o a_o small_a island_n in_o the_o river_n regnitz_n it_o be_v a_o pile_n of_o build_v sufficient_o magnificent_a and_o splendid_a rare_o beautify_v with_o large_a and_o fair_a orchard_n and_o garden_n the_o jesuit_n college_n and_o church_n make_v a_o good_a show_n and_o the_o four_o spire_n at_o the_o cathedral_n be_v noble_a schweinfurt_n or_o trajectus_n svevorum_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o swabe_n pass_v the_o river_n main_a in_o this_o place_n fâ—â—â—_n sâ—â—â—â—â—â—_n fâ—â—â—_n goltmeyer_n say_v this_o town_n be_v build_v 217_o year_n before_o christ_n but_o bring_v little_a proof_n for_o what_o he_o report_v the_o town_n be_v at_o present_a neither_o very_o large_a nor_o populous_a but_o tolerable_o well_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o rampire_n and_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o good_a river_n run_v by_o this_o city_n be_v by_o some_o reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o hennenberg_n of_o which_o anon_o territorium_fw-la francofurtense_n to_o john_n hillersdon_n of_o the_o inner_a temple_n esq_n thismapp_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o moses_n pitt_n the_o city_n and_o territory_n of_o francfurt_n upon_o the_o main_a the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a king_n of_o the_o franc_n have_v once_o make_v war_n against_o the_o saxon_n and_o thorough_o incense_v that_o bold_a and_o resolute_a people_n he_o can_v get_v but_o little_a rest_n till_o he_o have_v subdue_v they_o beyond_o all_o possibility_n of_o a_o rebellion_n for_o they_o be_v continual_o press_v in_o swarm_n upon_o the_o franc_n who_o when_o they_o find_v themselves_o too_o numerous_a for_o their_o enemy_n they_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o pursue_v to_o the_o very_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n main_a where_o they_o have_v sometime_o the_o misfortune_n to_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o franc_n who_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o ford_n of_o that_o river_n will_v sudden_o rush_v in_o upon_o they_o and_o put_v most_o of_o they_o either_o to_o flight_n or_o the_o sword_n from_o these_o sally_n it_o be_v think_v the_o town_n of_o francfurt_n have_v its_o name_n it_o be_v seat_v upon_o one_o of_o these_o common_a ford_n of_o the_o franc_n this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ingenious_a gunther_n in_o his_o ligurinus_n where_o he_o say_v quia_fw-la carolus_n illic_fw-la saxonas_fw-la indomita_fw-la nimium_fw-la feritate_fw-la rebel_n oppugnans_fw-la rapidi_fw-la latissima_fw-la flumina_fw-la maeni_fw-la ignoto_fw-la fregisse_fw-la vado_fw-la mediumque_fw-la per_fw-la amnem_fw-la transmississe_fw-la svas_fw-la neglecto_fw-la ponte_fw-la cohortes_fw-la creditur_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o other_o say_v though_o without_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v build_v by_o francus_n the_o first_o captain_n of_o these_o people_n and_o that_o from_o he_o it_o get_v its_o name_n and_o some_o as_o ridiculous_o have_v call_v it_o helenopolis_n from_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n mother_n the_o town_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n separate_v from_o each_o other_o by_o the_o main_a whereof_o the_o great_a be_v call_v francfurt_n and_o the_o less_o sachsen-huss_a or_o the_o house_n of_o the_o saxon_n these_o two_o be_v unite_v by_o a_o stone-bridge_n across_o the_o river_n of_o thirteen_o or_o fourteen_o arch_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o magistrate_n the_o city_n be_v strong_a and_o well_o fortify_v and_o which_o give_v it_o more_o strength_n than_o wall_n or_o rampire_n can_v do_v its_o inhabitant_n be_v unanimous_a professor_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n the_o jew_n indeed_o have_v one_o street_n to_o themselves_o and_o be_v allow_v a_o synagogue_n with_o the_o public_a profession_n of_o their_o religion_n but_o these_o be_v so_o inconsiderable_a a_o handful_n of_o man_n that_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o their_o disturb_v the_o government_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n and_o well_o seat_v for_o that_o purpose_n for_o the_o main_a pass_v by_o the_o great_a city_n of_o bamberg_n schweinfurt_n wurtzburg_n and_o guemund_n give_v it_o a_o opportunity_n of_o trade_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o franconia_n and_o the_o same_o river_n run_v into_o the_o rhine_n carry_v off_o and_o bring_v in_o commodity_n from_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o the_o netherlands_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o foreign_a merchant_n be_v at_o the_o two_o great_a fair_n keep_v here_o yearly_o in_o march_n and_o september_n at_o which_o time_n all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n especial_o book_n be_v bring_v hither_o by_o the_o factor_n of_o the_o german_n hollander_n italian_n french_a and_z english_z they_o have_v every_o year_n a_o catalogue_n publish_v of_o such_o new_a book_n as_o be_v or_o will_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o fair_a and_o from_o they_o our_o london_n bookseller_n have_v of_o late_a year_n learn_v the_o trick_n of_o print_v a_o catalogue_n every_o term._n as_o long_o as_o this_o mart_n last_v which_o be_v usual_o three_o week_n there_o be_v here_o as_o great_a variety_n and_o choice_n of_o book_n as_o in_o any_o city_n in_o europe_n but_o when_o that_o be_v over_o the_o bookseller_n shop_n be_v usual_o shut_v up_o on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o city_n they_o have_v a_o spacious_a horse-fair_a wherein_o yearly_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o good_a horse_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v among_o the_o many_o privilege_n confer_v on_o this_o city_n by_o several_a of_o the_o german_a emperor_n privilege_n privilege_n the_o chief_a be_v its_o be_v appoint_v the_o certain_a place_n for_o the_o election_n of_o every_o new_a emperor_n this_o be_v a_o customary_a thing_n ever_o since_o arnulph_n the_o first_o be_v day_n but_o confirm_v only_o by_o charles_n iv_o author_n of_o the_o aurea_n bulla_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o treat_v at_o large_a in_o the_o general_n description_n of_o germany_n after_o the_o elector_n have_v give_v their_o voice_n in_o st._n bartholomew_n church_n if_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v as_o now_o there_o be_v eight_o elector_n it_o may_v easy_o happen_v which_o person_n have_v the_o most_o vote_n it_o have_v be_v usual_a for_o the_o two_o candidate_n to_o determine_v the_o quarrel_n by_o battle_n in_o the_o neighbour_a field_n wherein_o the_o conqueror_n be_v carry_v off_o with_o great_a acclamation_n back_o to_o the_o city_n and_o there_o proclaim_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n thus_o the_o controversy_n be_v decide_v betwixt_o henry_n landgrave_n of_o thuringen_n and_o conrade_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n ii_o as_o also_o between_o ludowic_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n and_o frideric_n arch_a duke_n of_o austria_n and_o last_o betwixt_o gunther_n count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n and_o charles_n iu._n these_o be_v the_o instance_n give_v by_o munster_n and_o some_o other_o german_a writer_n all_o of_o who_o martin_n zeiller_n rely_v on_o the_o authority_n of_o chrst_n lehman_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o spire_n fancy_v to_o be_v mistake_v and_o to_o report_v story_n which_o none_o of_o the_o more_o ancient_a historian_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o time_n when_o these_o thing_n shall_v have_v be_v transact_v ever_o mention_n st._n bartholomew_n church_n in_o francfurt_n be_v a_o venerable_a and_o stately_a piece_n of_o architecture_n have_v be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n pepin_n charles_n the_o great_a be_v father_n some_o other_o public_a building_n as_o the_o town-hall_n several_a monastery_n etc._n etc._n be_v worth_a the_o see_v but_o the_o mineral_n spring_n and_o bath_n be_v most_o remarkable_a which_o be_v daily_o visit_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o town_n and_o neighbourhood_n among_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v one_o cold_a bath_n wherein_o as_o zeiller_n report_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o his_o day_n to_o wash_v woman_n before_o they_o go_v to_o be_v marry_v or_o as_o soon_o as_o their_o month_n of_o childbed_n be_v over_o but_o that_o which_o give_v england_n the_o great_a cause_n to_o remember_v this_o city_n be_v the_o entertainment_n of_o some_o of_o our_o protestant_a minister_n who_o with_o their_o congregation_n flee_v hither_o in_o the_o day_n of_o queen_n mary_n bitter_a persecution_n yet_o i_o be_o sorry_a our_o island_n be_v force_v to_o own_o such_o a_o set_v of_o ecclesiastic_o who_o go_v hence_o a_o pack_n of_o zuinglian_a gospeler_n and_o