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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	heart_n	zeal_n	zealous_a	30	3	11.4642	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A26262	Travels into divers parts of Europe and Asia, undertaken by the French King's order to discover a new way by land into China containing many curious remarks in natural philosophy, geography, hydrology and history : together with a description of Great Tartary and of the different people who inhabit there / by Father Avril of the Order of the Jesuits ; done out of French ; to which is added, A supplement extracted from Hakluyt and Purchas giving an account of several journeys over land from Russia, Persia, and the Moguls country to China, together with the roads and distances of the places.; Voyage en divers états d'Europe et d'Asie. English	Avril, Philippe, 1654-1698.; Hakluyt, Richard, 1552?-1616.; Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626.	1693 (1693)	Wing A4275; ESTC R16481	168,850	421

Ruins overthrowing Five or six thousand Houses and killing so great a number of Inhabitants who were buried under the Rubbish that now it is not above half so big as formerly it was and yet there are reckon'd to be in it near upon Fifty or sixty thousand Souls nor is there any part perhaps of the Persian Empire where you shall meet with so vast a concourse of Strangers Besides the great number of Armenians which as they say amounts to Thirty thousand there are Indians Muscovit●● Georgians Greeks Turks Circassians and an infinite number of other People whom the Neighbourhood of the Sea together with the Goodness of the Country draws thither from all Parts This Concourse of so many different Nations it was which made us earnestly wish there were a Mission settl'd in this City as being fully perswaded that several Zealous Missionaries would find in abundance wherewith to repay the Labours of their fervent Zeal It seems our Prayers have been heard since our departure thence so that we have now a Residence there for which we are beholding to the deceas'd Count de Syri who employ'd all his Credit with the King of Persia to obtain leave for an Establishment in that Place And he was pleas'd to lay the first foundations of it himself by Father Pothier of the Order of Jesus whom he carry'd along with him on purpose from Ispahan to Schamaki where he left him in his return to Poland there to give the King an Account of his Negotiations on the behalf of all the Christian Princes engag'd in the War against the Turks This Father Pothier was one of the most accomplish'd Missionaries in the East and was one of those whom our King entrusted with the Royal Presents which he sent about ten years since to the Cha of Persia together with a Letter which he wrote in favour of the Christians of Nachivan who had a long time groan'd under the Tyranny of some Governors that most heavily oppress'd ' em He drew a great number of Disciples after him at the beginning by the Charms of his edifying Conversation and by his sweet and affable Disposition and Behaviour they came in Crouds to be instructed and participate of the Divine Mysteries But a certain Turk of whom the Father had hir'd a House till the Governor had assign'd him a Seat as he promis'd to do grew so jealous of the happy Progress of the Gospel and became so furiously mad to see his House which was really consecrated to Haly become a School of Christianity that he resovl'd to be reveng'd of the Affront that was every day put upon his Prophet and his Religion To which purpose rising in the Night when the Missionary never dreamt the least mistrust of him he brake open his Chamber-door and stabb'd him in the same place where he had given the first wounds to Heresy Schism and Infidelity Had we thought that one of our Brethren would have follow'd us so soon at the Heels to deprive us of the Palms which we might have disputed with him perhaps we should not hav● been so earnest to have quitted the Post we were in but then not knowing that Heav●n had any other use to make of our Ministry then to open a passage into China we hasten'd to the Caspian Sea three good days Journey from the City of Schamaki This little Sea which is not above Eight hunder'd Leagues in compass to speak properly is no more then a vast salt Lake into which above a hunder'd Rivers not to speak of an infinite number of little Rivolets discharge themselves on all sides and keep it continually fill'd with Water which She by way of return furnishes with so great a Quantity of Fish that in many places you may take 'em up with your hands without Net or Line More especiall in tempestuous Weather when the Fish forc'd on by the Waves suffer themselves to be crouded in Shoales into the Rivers where they are the more willing to abide as finding themselves shelter'd from the violent Agitations of the Sea Besides this particular Remark which I had leisure to observe during a stay of fifteen days till we could meet with an opporunity to embark I was not a little surpriz'd to see the same day we were to have set Sail the Seamen employ'd to fetch fresh Water out of the Sea above two Leagues from the Shoar Now in regard the thing to me seem'd extraordinary I had a mind to taste the Water which was as sweet as if it had been drawn out of a Fountain tho but a few paces from the same place it appear'd to be more brackish then in any Seas that ever I sail'd in But my wonder ceas'd when I consider'd what a vast quantity of fresh Water empti'd it self from all parts into the Caspian Lake But that which is more wonderful is this to see this petty Ocean equally restrain'd within the Bounds that Providence had ordain'd it notwithstanding the multude of Rivers that fall into it and which only one would think should swell it to that degree as sometimes to overflow its Bounds This respectful Obedience to Providence it is that has very much puzzl'd our Geographers and produc'd the Opinion among 'em touching the Communication of this Sea with some others which she enriches with her own plenty when overstor'd her self Some have thought that the Black Sea being the nearest to it of any other Sea makes this advantage to partake of her Neighbours store But besides that this Opinion is grounded upon no solid Reason it seems as if the Wisdom of God had plac'd between these two Seas a long rigde of High Mountains for no other end then absolutely to separate 'em one from the other But I have two Conjectures which make me believe that it rather discharges it self into the Persian Gulph how far remote soever it may seem to be then into any other Sea The first is because that in the Gulph of the Persian Sea to the South over against the Province of Kilan there are two dangerous Whirlypools or deep Abysses which the Persian Vessels that set Sail from that Coast endeavour to avoid as much as they can And the noise of the Water which throws it self into that Gulp with a surprizing Rapidness may be heard in calm Weather so far off that it is enough to terrify all those who are ignorant of the real Cause The second Conjecture which to me seems to be of more force then the former is grounded upon every years experience by which they who inhabit all along the Persian Gulph observe a vast quantity of Willow-leaves at the end of every Autumn Now in regard this sort of Tree is altogether unknown in the Southern Part of Persia which borders upon that Sea and for that quite the contrary the Northern part which is bounded by the Sea of Kilan has all the Sea-coasts of it shaded with those Trees we may assure our selves with probability enough that these

needs declare to his praise that he apply'd himself as much to maintain those of Religion and of his Prince as he did his own The Boldness he discover'd more than once at Ispahan and elsewhere in taking away from the Infidels unhappy Christians who had been so-weak as to renounce their Faith is sufficiently known to all the Missionaries that are dispers'd in Persia and I my self know how haughtily he us'd some of the Prime Officers of the Court who made him Propositions in the Cha's Name which perhaps would have shaken a Heart less possess'd with Christianity than his was This sincere Zeal for the Catholick Faith induc'd him to settle a Residence of Missionaries at Schamaki to labour towards the Conversion of the Armenians and other Schismatick Infidels which Trade drew in shoals into that City The same Zeal likewise induc'd him the last time he was sent into Persia to desire the King of Poland to Authorize his Design of procuring Settlements for Apostolick Labourers throughout the whole extent of the Cha's Empire where any ●opes should be found of labouring successfully towards the Saving of Souls of which he carry'd many along with him into the Levant who have since dispers'd themselves in all parts where they expected a proper Harvest But as sincere as his Zeal appear'd to me I should not have regarded it had it not been accompany'd by a Conduct equally regular and edifying and indeed I may affirm after having made it my business to study him with all the application imaginable that I never observ'd any thing in him but what was very honourable and worthy of a good Christian. He has done me the savour to discover his most secret Thoughts to me and to make me the depository of his Conscience for a whole Twelvemonth and that knowledge he has given me of his heart obliges me to declare that I have seen but few Persons of his Character more devoted to God or who apply'd themselves more fervently to their Salvation He confess'd himself regularly once a Month and approach'd the Holy Table as often and that always with such lively marks of Faith and with such a deluge of Tears that it would have inspir'd the most insensible with Devotion Tho Count Syri is hardly known in France I nevertheless think my self oblig'd as well out of a sincere desire to publish the Truth as out of gratitude to give this Testimony of his Vertue since that besides his having gain'd the esteem of all those that knew him by his Merit I am particularly indebted to him for considerable Obligations For besides his Generosity at Astrakan where he offer'd to pay our Ransom himself to redeem us out of the hands of the Calmo●es being inform'd that we had been taken by them in crossing the Volga he express'd so much Zeal afterwards for the furthering the execution of our design which the loss of Father Barnaby had quite overthrown that I cannot forbear incerting in this place the obliging Endeavours he made at my request to secure the success thereof Being convinc'd by all the favours and kindnesses I had receiv'd from him during my abode in Poland that I might rely upon and trust him I freely propos'd my whole de-Designs to him being certain that he wo●ld approve them by Reason that they were suitable to his own Inclinations Therefore I told him that since he desir'd to make himself known at the Court of France he could never hope for a more favourable occasion to succeed therein than that which offer'd it self at that time and that none being so capable to assist us as himself as well by his Credit as by his being pa●ticularly vers'd and acquainted with the Countries and Languages in the discovery of the grand Tartary I made no doubt but our great Monarch would willingly employ him in that great Enterprise and grant him all the advantages he could desire to acquit himself worthily of a Commission so useful to Religion He desir'd some time to consider my proposals and after a Months deliberation he yielded to my desires and writ the following Letter to the R. F. De la Chaise to desire him to intercede for him with his Majesty to accept his Zeal for his Service Most Reverend Father I Have been inform'd by Father Avril how much his most Christian Majesty Interesses himself in the Design of discovering a more secure and easier way by Land into China than any that have been attempted hitherto by Sea and through the Indies My earnest desire to contribute on my side towards the Success of so great a Work which is certainly worthy the great Soul of the most Generous and most Christian of all Monarchs induces me to acquaint you with my Zeal for the endeavouring to establish the Honour of God and the Glory of his Majesty in the Execution of this Heroick Enterprise Whereas the different Negotiations in which I have been imploy'd both in Muscovy and Persia have given me occasion to make my self known at the Court of the Czars as well as that of the Chà where the King of Poland is sending me at this very time his Plenipotentiary I imagin'd that your Reverence who is without doubt one of the main promoters of this Expedition would not be displeas'd at the profer of my Services with those Princes in order to obtain for those Fathers of your Society who are destin'd for China all the help and assistance they stand in need of to succeed in that design It is true that the way of Siberia and the great Tartary which they design'd is the shortest of all but it is to be fear'd that t●e discontent of the Ambassadors which the Czars have lately sent into France being added to the actual War they are ingag'd in against the Chinese will serve as a pretence for those Princes to refuse the passage that is desir'd of them For those Reasons I presume to tell your Reverence that the way through the Kingdoms of Yousbec and of Thibet seems more advantageous to me than the first and I am persuaded that abundance of People might be found in those Countries that would receive the True Faith I know that Father Barnaby was resolv'd to follow this way and I have all along told Father Avril that it was the safest I am known in th●se Kingdoms and I know that the Ambassadors of those Princes whom I have seen at the C●urt of Persia have spoken favourably of me to their Masters This is the Reason for which I offer my Service through the intermission of your Reverence to his Most Christian Majesty to conduct the Fathers my self into China from whence I design to return by the way of great Tartary and Muscovy and thereby to make a discovery of the two Roads the knowledge of which will be of great use for the establishing of a Commerce so useful to the Christian Religion In case his Majesty will be plea●'d to accept the tender of my

with us being entrusted with Letters from the Cha of Persia to the Pope and the Emperor The Letter to the Pope was enclos'd in a Purse of Cloth of Gold and that to the Emperor in another of Cloth of Silver And the substance of both was an Answer to certain Letters which those two Potentates had written at the same time to the Persian Monarch exhorting him to take the benefit of the success wherewith God had bless'd their Arms to recover those Places which the Turk had wrested from the Persian some years before But the Cha it seems was unwilling to regain his losses at the expence of his ease and pleasure to which he sacrific'd all other considerations in the world Besides that the Atamadoulet or Prime Minister of the Persian Empire could by no means be induc'd to make War against the Ottomans whether it were that he were doubtful of the success or whether he were willing that the Grand Signior should think himself beholding to him for having diverted so furious a storm from his Empire And perhaps more then this he was no less glad of the opportunity to testify to the Ottoman Sultan the Devotion which he had for the Religion of the Sunni as much a Persian as he was and notwithstanding that the Duty of his Employment bound him to be at least in outward shew one of the most Zealous Defenders of Aly's Sect. But whatever reason the Cha of Persia had not to be swai'd by all the reasons which the Embassadors from several of the European Princes laid before him certain it is that his Answer to the last Letters which he receiv'd from 'em imported no more but that there was still a vail before his eyes that hinder'd him from seeing clearly into all those Affairs that were propounded to him And this was the purport of those wherewith that German Dominican was entrusted in whose company we cross'd one part of Muscovy Lithunia together with the White-Russia and parted at length at Warsaw where we arriv'd the 12th of March in the Year 1686. about Eleven Months after Father Barnaby and my self set out of Irivan The End of the Third Book TRAVELS IN MUSCOVY Book the Fourth WHat a certain Author reports of an Ancient Hero whose Character he design'd to heighten may justly be apply'd to those who profess the Apostolical Life when entring upon the particulars of his Actions he affirm●d that the end of every one of his laborious Exploits serv'd only as an introduction to a new one into which he was ingag'd by the greatness of his Courage Notwithstanding all the hardships and fatigues Father Barnaby had undergone for several years in his Mission into the East and all the Miseries he had suffer'd in the Execution of the design that had driven us out of Persia he was forc'd to renounce the Repose that was offer'd him at Warsaw to repair forthwith to Dantzic in hopes of finding a Vessel there to Transport him over into France Whereas it was necessary that one of us should remain near Muscovy in order to be the better inform'd of the disposition of those People in relation to us that certain notice might be given thereof from time to time it was agreed among us that while he should go to manage our Concerns with our Superiors in France I should tarry in Poland there to take other measures to facilitate the Success of our Enterprise In order to this he left me and Providence seconding our design furnish'd him with a Ship in the Port of Dantzic ready to set Sail for Amsterdam where he arriv'd safe after some days Navigation and from thence proceeded with speed towards Paris While he Negotiated our Affairs there with all the Success we could expect I was sufficiently employ'd at Warsaw by the Pity of the French Inhabitants that are setled there in great numbers They having been long desirous to have a French Jesuit among 'em to give them those Spiritual Advices they could not easily meet with in a Foreign Kingdom I no sooner arriv'd there but they sent their Burguemaster to me to intreat me during my abode in that Royal City to take the Conduct of their Souls upon me and more particularly the Care of Preaching which they had been depriv'd of for many Ages I accepted that Employment freely and continu'd it until our Affairs were absolutely regulated to undertake a second Voyage into Muscovy Altho the earnestness those Zealous Christians express'd for the Word of God and for all things relating to Salvation took up the best part of my time during my abode among them my Labour was very well recompenc'd and eas'd by the Holy Use they made of all the Instructions they receiv'd from the Holy Ghost by my Ministry and I never was so sensible as on that occasion how easily a Heart that has a good Foundation of Christianity recovers out of those disorders to which it had abandon'd its self when truly made sensible of the Duty of its Profession and of those Obligations unto which we are engag'd by our Religion But whatever Consolation I receiv'd from the Zeal I observ'd in the Catholicks I receiv'd another from above which seem'd yet more particularly to relate to my Profession of Missionary the main end of which is the Conversion of Infidels and Hereticks Prince Tsartoresky famous throughout all Poland for his Virtue and Merit whereby he had acquir'd the Veneration of all the Polanders had a Tartarian Slave among his Servants into whom his Illustrious Master's good Examples had inspir'd an inclination to Christianity but whereas this Vertuous Palatin could meet with no body to Instruct that poor Mahometan for want of Understanding his Language he was very much troubled at his not being able to second the Pious Desires of his Servant in his good intention for the Christian Religion of which till then he had had but a superficial Knowledge As soon as he understood that I could speak Tartar he sent this half Converted Infidel to me desiring me to explain the Mysteries of our Faith to him and to acquaint him with all the Engagements that are contracted by him that Embraces it I met with no difficulty to unseal the Eyes of this poor Blind whom the misfortune of Birth rather than obstinacy had kept till then in Idolatry He being of a very mild disposition I soon dispos'd him to receive his Baptism which was perform'd on Whitsunday to the great satisfaction of his generous Master who gave him his Liberty as soon as he cast off the Bondage of the Devil who endeavour'd by many reiterated Menaces to regain this precious Conquest from Iesus Christ. I receiv'd this information from this new Convert's own Mouth soon after his Regeneration by the Waters of Holy Baptism the which I am the more inclin'd to believe by reason of the sincerity and the candidness of his Soul Talking with him one day about the Happiness of his Condition and the Mercies of

Journey and from Camchick to Cathay is two Months Journey through a Countrey all the way Inhabited temperate and well replenish'd with innumerable sorts of Fruits and the Chief City of the whole Land is Cambalu 10 days Journey from Cathay Beyond this Land of Cathay where the People are reported to be extreamly Civil and vastly Wealthy lies the Country which in the Tartarian Language is call'd Cara-Calmack Inhabited by Black People But in Cathay the greatest part of the Country stretching to the Rising Sun the People are of a White and Fair Complexion They also profess the Christian Religion as the Tartars report or something like it and they speak a peculiar Language quite different from that of the Tartars All the Roads before mention'd are free from any Great or Furious Bears but pester'd with Wolves both black and white For by reason that the Woods are neither so thick nor so numerous as in many parts of Russia but only here and there a Forest of small extent the Bears never breed that way But those Woods that are are haunted with some other Beasts and more especially and particularly with one that the Russes call Barse This Barse by the Skin of one that was here put to Sale seems to be near as big as a great Lyon spotted very fairly aud therefore here we take it for a Leopard or Tyger Note That all this 20 days Journey from Cathay you Travel through a Country call'd Angrem where those Beasts chiefly breed that yield the best Musk the choicest Persume is cut out of the Belly of the Male. The People are Tawnie and because the Men have no Beards nor differ in Complexion from Women for distinction sake the Men wear round Bosses of Iron upon their Shoulders and the Women upon their Privities In this Countrey the People feed upon Raw Flesh as also in another call'd Titay or Kitay the Prince of which is call'd Can. They Worship the Fire their Countrey lying 30 days Journey from Great Cathay and in the way between both lie the Beautiful People that cut their meat with Knives of Gold These People are call'd Comorom but the Land of the Pigmies or little People is nearer to Mosco than Cathay Instructions of one of Permia who said he had Travell'd to Cathay the way before mention'd as also another way near the Sea Coast as follows which Note was sent out of Russia from Giles Holms FRom the Province of Duina the way to Pechora is known and from Pechora Travelling with Olens or Harts 't is six days Journey by Land and in Summer as many by Water to the River Ob. Ob is a River full of Flatts the Mouth of which is 70 Russian Miles over And three days Journey from thence upon the Right Hand is a Place call'd Chorno-lese or the Black-Woods And not far from thence a People Inhabit call'd Pechey-Cony wearing their Hair by his Description after the Irish fashion From Pechey-Coni to Ioult Calmachey 't is three days Journey and from thence to Chorno-Callachey three days tending to the South East Both these People are of the Tartar's Religion and Tributaries to the Great Kan Certain Countries of the Samoeds that dwell upon the River Ob and upon the Sea Coasts beyond the said River Translated word for word out of the Russian Language and Travel'd by a Russ born in Colmogro whose name was Pheodor Towtigin who by Report was slain the second time that he was Travelling those Countries Upon the Eastern part beyond the Country of Ugori the River Ob runs upon the most Westerly part thereof Upon the Sea Coast live the Samoeds whose Country is call'd Molgomsey who feed upon the Flesh of Olens or Harts and sometimes eat one another If any Merchant come to Traffick with 'em they kill one of their Children as the greatest Feast they can make If any Merchant happen to die among 'em they never Bury him but eat him and in the same manner they eat their own Dead They are very ill favour'd with flat Noses but are swift of Foot and Shoot very well They Travel upon Harts and Dogs and Cloath themselves with Sables and Harts Skins Upon the same Coast beyond the People before mention'd live another kind of Samoeds by the Sea side that speak another Language These People one Month in a Year live in the Sea and never dwell upon Land for that Month. Beyond these People still upon the Sea Coasts live another sort of Samoed that feed upon Flesh and Fish and Trade in Sables white and black Foxes Harts and Fawn Skins The Relation of Chaggi Memet a Persian Merchant to Baptista Ramusius and other Eminent Citizens of Venice concerning the way from Tauris in Persia to Campion a City of Cathay by Land which he Travel'd himself before with the Caravans Days Iourney FRom Tauris to Sultania 6. From Sultania to Casbin 4. From Casbin to Veremi 6. From Veremi to Eri 15. From Eri to Bogara 20. From Bogara to Samarchand 5. From Samarchand to Cascar 25. From Cascar to Acsu 20. From Acsu to Cuchi 20. From Cuchi to Chialis 10. From Chialis to Turfon 10. From Turfon to Camul 13. From Camul to Succuir 15. From Succuir to Gauta 5. From Gauta to Campion 6. Campion is a City in the Empire of Cathay in the Province of Tangut from whence comes the greatest quantity of Rubarb A Long and Dangerous JOURNEY From Lahor a City of the Great Mogul to China over Land by Benedict Goez UPON the Relation of the Mahometan mention'd in Xaverius's Letters Pimenta Father Visitor of the Iesuits sent notice thereof to the Pope and Spaniard They hearing of such a mighty Christian Nation the Vice-Roy of India was Commanded to follow Pimenta's Directions who employ'd Benedict Goez a Portuguese Jesuit in that Discovery Furnish'd like an Armenian Merchant and changing his Name to Abdula Isai which latter appellation signifies a Christian. Thus obtaining the Great Mogul Achabar's Letters Patents to his Vice-Roys and Governours as also to the Neighbouring Princes he departed in Company with one Isaac an Armenian from Lahor the sixth of Ianuary 1603. Every Year there is a Caravan of Merchants that pass out of these parts into the Kingdom of Cascar about 500 together for their better defence against Robbers With these he joyn'd himself and in a months time came to Athec in the same Province of Lahor After the passing of a River and a months stay he came in two months to Passaur from whence Travelling to a certain small Town they met with a Hermite who told 'em that about 30 days Travel from thence lay the City of Capherstam into which no Saracen might be permitted entrance but Ethnicks might enter except into their Temples He tasted also of their Wine of which that Countrey was very fertile They likewise go to their Temples in Black In the place where they met the Hermit they stay'd 20 days and were forc'd to hire 400. Souldiers of the Governour for